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+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<meta charset=utf-8>
+<title>Document.getElementById</title>
+<link rel="author" title="Tetsuharu OHZEKI" href="mailto:saneyuki.snyk@gmail.com">
+<link rel=help href="https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-document-getelementbyid">
+<script src="/resources/testharness.js"></script>
+<script src="/resources/testharnessreport.js"></script>
+<body>
+  <div id="log"></div>
+
+  <!-- test 0 -->
+  <div id=""></div>
+
+  <!-- test 1 -->
+  <div id="test1"></div>
+
+  <!-- test 5 -->
+  <div id="test5" data-name="1st">
+    <p id="test5" data-name="2nd">P</p>
+    <input id="test5" type="submit" value="Submit" data-name="3rd">
+  </div>
+
+  <!-- test 15 -->
+  <div id="outer">
+    <div id="middle">
+      <div id="inner"></div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+<script>
+  var gBody = document.getElementsByTagName("body")[0];
+
+  test(function() {
+    assert_equals(document.getElementById(""), null);
+  }, "Calling document.getElementById with an empty string argument.");
+
+  test(function() {
+    var element = document.createElement("div");
+    element.setAttribute("id", "null");
+    document.body.appendChild(element);
+    this.add_cleanup(function() { document.body.removeChild(element) });
+    assert_equals(document.getElementById(null), element);
+  }, "Calling document.getElementById with a null argument.");
+
+  test(function() {
+    var element = document.createElement("div");
+    element.setAttribute("id", "undefined");
+    document.body.appendChild(element);
+    this.add_cleanup(function() { document.body.removeChild(element) });
+    assert_equals(document.getElementById(undefined), element);
+  }, "Calling document.getElementById with an undefined argument.");
+
+
+  test(function() {
+    var bar = document.getElementById("test1");
+    assert_not_equals(bar, null, "should not be null");
+    assert_equals(bar.tagName, "DIV", "should have expected tag name.");
+    assert_true(bar instanceof HTMLDivElement, "should be a valid Element instance");
+  }, "on static page");
+
+
+  test(function() {
+    var TEST_ID = "test2";
+
+    var test = document.createElement("div");
+    test.setAttribute("id", TEST_ID);
+    gBody.appendChild(test);
+
+    // test: appended element
+    var result = document.getElementById(TEST_ID);
+    assert_not_equals(result, null, "should not be null.");
+    assert_equals(result.tagName, "DIV", "should have appended element's tag name");
+    assert_true(result instanceof HTMLDivElement, "should be a valid Element instance");
+
+    // test: removed element
+    gBody.removeChild(test);
+    var removed = document.getElementById(TEST_ID);
+    // `document.getElementById()` returns `null` if there is none.
+    // https://dom.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-nonelementparentnode-getelementbyid
+    assert_equals(removed, null, "should not get removed element.");
+  }, "Document.getElementById with a script-inserted element");
+
+
+  test(function() {
+    // setup fixtures.
+    var TEST_ID = "test3";
+    var test = document.createElement("div");
+    test.setAttribute("id", TEST_ID);
+    gBody.appendChild(test);
+
+    // update id
+    var UPDATED_ID = "test3-updated";
+    test.setAttribute("id", UPDATED_ID);
+    var e = document.getElementById(UPDATED_ID);
+    assert_equals(e, test, "should get the element with id.");
+
+    var old = document.getElementById(TEST_ID);
+    assert_equals(old, null, "shouldn't get the element by the old id.");
+
+    // remove id.
+    test.removeAttribute("id");
+    var e2 = document.getElementById(UPDATED_ID);
+    assert_equals(e2, null, "should return null when the passed id is none in document.");
+  }, "update `id` attribute via setAttribute/removeAttribute");
+
+
+  test(function() {
+    var TEST_ID = "test4-should-not-exist";
+
+    var e = document.createElement('div');
+    e.setAttribute("id", TEST_ID);
+
+    assert_equals(document.getElementById(TEST_ID), null, "should be null");
+    document.body.appendChild(e);
+    assert_equals(document.getElementById(TEST_ID), e, "should be the appended element");
+  }, "Ensure that the id attribute only affects elements present in a document");
+
+
+  test(function() {
+    // the method should return the 1st element.
+    var TEST_ID = "test5";
+    var target = document.getElementById(TEST_ID);
+    assert_not_equals(target, null, "should not be null");
+    assert_equals(target.getAttribute("data-name"), "1st", "should return the 1st");
+
+    // even if after the new element was appended.
+    var element4 = document.createElement("div");
+    element4.setAttribute("id", TEST_ID);
+    element4.setAttribute("data-name", "4th");
+    gBody.appendChild(element4);
+    var target2 = document.getElementById(TEST_ID);
+    assert_not_equals(target2, null, "should not be null");
+    assert_equals(target2.getAttribute("data-name"), "1st", "should be the 1st");
+
+    // should return the next element after removed the subtree including the 1st element.
+    target2.parentNode.removeChild(target2);
+    var target3 = document.getElementById(TEST_ID);
+    assert_not_equals(target3, null, "should not be null");
+    assert_equals(target3.getAttribute("data-name"), "4th", "should be the 4th");
+  }, "in tree order, within the context object's tree");
+
+
+  test(function() {
+    var TEST_ID = "test6";
+    var s = document.createElement("div");
+    s.setAttribute("id", TEST_ID);
+    // append to Element, not Document.
+    document.createElement("div").appendChild(s);
+
+    assert_equals(document.getElementById(TEST_ID), null, "should be null");
+  }, "Modern browsers optimize this method with using internal id cache. " +
+     "This test checks that their optimization should effect only append to `Document`, not append to `Node`.");
+
+
+  test(function() {
+    var TEST_ID = "test7"
+    var element = document.createElement("div");
+    element.setAttribute("id", TEST_ID);
+    gBody.appendChild(element);
+
+    var target = document.getElementById(TEST_ID);
+    assert_equals(target, element, "should return the element before changing the value");
+
+    element.attributes[0].value = TEST_ID + "-updated";
+    var target2 = document.getElementById(TEST_ID);
+    assert_equals(target2, null, "should return null after updated id via Attr.value");
+    var target3 = document.getElementById(TEST_ID + "-updated");
+    assert_equals(target3, element, "should be equal to the updated element.");
+  }, "changing attribute's value via `Attr` gotten from `Element.attribute`.");
+
+
+  test(function() {
+    var TEST_ID = "test8";
+
+    // setup fixture
+    var element = document.createElement("div");
+    element.setAttribute("id", TEST_ID + "-fixture");
+    gBody.appendChild(element);
+
+    // add id-ed element with using innerHTML
+    element.innerHTML = "<div id='"+ TEST_ID +"'></div>";
+    var test = document.getElementById(TEST_ID);
+    assert_equals(test, element.firstChild, "should not be null");
+    assert_equals(test.tagName, "DIV", "should have expected tag name.");
+    assert_true(test instanceof HTMLDivElement, "should be a valid Element instance");
+  }, "add id attribute via innerHTML");
+
+
+  test(function() {
+    var TEST_ID = "test9";
+
+    // add fixture
+    var fixture = document.createElement("div");
+    fixture.setAttribute("id", TEST_ID + "-fixture");
+    gBody.appendChild(fixture);
+
+    var element = document.createElement("div");
+    element.setAttribute("id", TEST_ID);
+    fixture.appendChild(element);
+
+    // check 'getElementById' should get the 'element'
+    assert_equals(document.getElementById(TEST_ID), element, "should not be null");
+
+    // remove id-ed element with using innerHTML (clear 'element')
+    fixture.innerHTML = "";
+    var test = document.getElementById(TEST_ID);
+    assert_equals(test, null, "should be null.");
+  }, "remove id attribute via innerHTML");
+
+
+  test(function() {
+    var TEST_ID = "test10";
+
+    // setup fixture
+    var element = document.createElement("div");
+    element.setAttribute("id", TEST_ID + "-fixture");
+    gBody.appendChild(element);
+
+    // add id-ed element with using outerHTML
+    element.outerHTML = "<div id='"+ TEST_ID +"'></div>";
+    var test = document.getElementById(TEST_ID);
+    assert_not_equals(test, null, "should not be null");
+    assert_equals(test.tagName, "DIV", "should have expected tag name.");
+    assert_true(test instanceof HTMLDivElement,"should be a valid Element instance");
+  }, "add id attribute via outerHTML");
+
+
+  test(function() {
+    var TEST_ID = "test11";
+
+    var element = document.createElement("div");
+    element.setAttribute("id", TEST_ID);
+    gBody.appendChild(element);
+
+    var test = document.getElementById(TEST_ID);
+    assert_equals(test, element, "should be equal to the appended element.");
+
+    // remove id-ed element with using outerHTML
+    element.outerHTML = "<div></div>";
+    var test = document.getElementById(TEST_ID);
+    assert_equals(test, null, "should be null.");
+  }, "remove id attribute via outerHTML");
+
+
+  test(function() {
+    // setup fixtures.
+    var TEST_ID = "test12";
+    var test = document.createElement("div");
+    test.id = TEST_ID;
+    gBody.appendChild(test);
+
+    // update id
+    var UPDATED_ID = TEST_ID + "-updated";
+    test.id =  UPDATED_ID;
+    var e = document.getElementById(UPDATED_ID);
+    assert_equals(e, test, "should get the element with id.");
+
+    var old = document.getElementById(TEST_ID);
+    assert_equals(old, null, "shouldn't get the element by the old id.");
+
+    // remove id.
+    test.id = "";
+    var e2 = document.getElementById(UPDATED_ID);
+    assert_equals(e2, null, "should return null when the passed id is none in document.");
+  }, "update `id` attribute via element.id");
+
+
+  test(function() {
+    var TEST_ID = "test13";
+
+    var create_same_id_element = function (order) {
+      var element = document.createElement("div");
+      element.setAttribute("id", TEST_ID);
+      element.setAttribute("data-order", order);// for debug
+      return element;
+    };
+
+    // create fixture
+    var container = document.createElement("div");
+    container.setAttribute("id", TEST_ID + "-fixture");
+    gBody.appendChild(container);
+
+    var element1 = create_same_id_element("1");
+    var element2 = create_same_id_element("2");
+    var element3 = create_same_id_element("3");
+    var element4 = create_same_id_element("4");
+
+    // append element: 2 -> 4 -> 3 -> 1
+    container.appendChild(element2);
+    container.appendChild(element4);
+    container.insertBefore(element3, element4);
+    container.insertBefore(element1, element2);
+
+
+    var test = document.getElementById(TEST_ID);
+    assert_equals(test, element1, "should return 1st element");
+    container.removeChild(element1);
+
+    test = document.getElementById(TEST_ID);
+    assert_equals(test, element2, "should return 2nd element");
+    container.removeChild(element2);
+
+    test = document.getElementById(TEST_ID);
+    assert_equals(test, element3, "should return 3rd element");
+    container.removeChild(element3);
+
+    test = document.getElementById(TEST_ID);
+    assert_equals(test, element4, "should return 4th element");
+    container.removeChild(element4);
+
+
+  }, "where insertion order and tree order don't match");
+
+  test(function() {
+    var TEST_ID = "test14";
+    var a = document.createElement("a");
+    var b = document.createElement("b");
+    a.appendChild(b);
+    b.id = TEST_ID;
+    assert_equals(document.getElementById(TEST_ID), null);
+
+    gBody.appendChild(a);
+    assert_equals(document.getElementById(TEST_ID), b);
+  }, "Inserting an id by inserting its parent node");
+
+  test(function () {
+    var TEST_ID = "test15"
+    var outer = document.getElementById("outer");
+    var middle = document.getElementById("middle");
+    var inner = document.getElementById("inner");
+    outer.removeChild(middle);
+
+    var new_el = document.createElement("h1");
+    new_el.id = "heading";
+    inner.appendChild(new_el);
+    // the new element is not part of the document since
+    // "middle" element was removed previously
+    assert_equals(document.getElementById("heading"), null);
+  }, "Document.getElementById must not return nodes not present in document");
+
+  // TODO:
+  // id attribute in a namespace
+
+
+  // TODO:
+  // SVG + MathML elements with id attributes
+
+</script>
+</body>
+</html>