Adding upstream version 124.0.1.upstream/124.0.1

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

16 files changed, 10486 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/third_party/python/arrow/arrow-1.2.3.dist-info/LICENSE b/third_party/python/arrow/arrow-1.2.3.dist-info/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4f9eea5d14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/python/arrow/arrow-1.2.3.dist-info/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
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+   END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+   APPENDIX: How to apply the Apache License to your work.
+
+      To apply the Apache License to your work, attach the following
+      boilerplate notice, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]"
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+   Copyright 2021 Chris Smith
+
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diff --git a/third_party/python/arrow/arrow-1.2.3.dist-info/METADATA b/third_party/python/arrow/arrow-1.2.3.dist-info/METADATA
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b3f89db320
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/python/arrow/arrow-1.2.3.dist-info/METADATA
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.1
+Name: arrow
+Version: 1.2.3
+Summary: Better dates & times for Python
+Home-page: https://arrow.readthedocs.io
+Author: Chris Smith
+Author-email: crsmithdev@gmail.com
+License: Apache 2.0
+Project-URL: Repository, https://github.com/arrow-py/arrow
+Project-URL: Bug Reports, https://github.com/arrow-py/arrow/issues
+Project-URL: Documentation, https://arrow.readthedocs.io
+Keywords: arrow date time datetime timestamp timezone humanize
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: Apache Software License
+Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Requires-Python: >=3.6
+Description-Content-Type: text/x-rst
+License-File: LICENSE
+Requires-Dist: python-dateutil (>=2.7.0)
+Requires-Dist: typing-extensions ; python_version < "3.8"
+
+Arrow: Better dates & times for Python
+======================================
+
+.. start-inclusion-marker-do-not-remove
+
+.. image:: https://github.com/arrow-py/arrow/workflows/tests/badge.svg?branch=master
+   :alt: Build Status
+   :target: https://github.com/arrow-py/arrow/actions?query=workflow%3Atests+branch%3Amaster
+
+.. image:: https://codecov.io/gh/arrow-py/arrow/branch/master/graph/badge.svg
+   :alt: Coverage
+   :target: https://codecov.io/gh/arrow-py/arrow
+
+.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/arrow.svg
+   :alt: PyPI Version
+   :target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/arrow
+
+.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/arrow.svg
+   :alt: Supported Python Versions
+   :target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/arrow
+
+.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/l/arrow.svg
+   :alt: License
+   :target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/arrow
+
+.. image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg
+   :alt: Code Style: Black
+   :target: https://github.com/psf/black
+
+
+**Arrow** is a Python library that offers a sensible and human-friendly approach to creating, manipulating, formatting and converting dates, times and timestamps. It implements and updates the datetime type, plugging gaps in functionality and providing an intelligent module API that supports many common creation scenarios. Simply put, it helps you work with dates and times with fewer imports and a lot less code.
+
+Arrow is named after the `arrow of time <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrow_of_time>`_ and is heavily inspired by `moment.js <https://github.com/moment/moment>`_ and `requests <https://github.com/psf/requests>`_.
+
+Why use Arrow over built-in modules?
+------------------------------------
+
+Python's standard library and some other low-level modules have near-complete date, time and timezone functionality, but don't work very well from a usability perspective:
+
+- Too many modules: datetime, time, calendar, dateutil, pytz and more
+- Too many types: date, time, datetime, tzinfo, timedelta, relativedelta, etc.
+- Timezones and timestamp conversions are verbose and unpleasant
+- Timezone naivety is the norm
+- Gaps in functionality: ISO 8601 parsing, timespans, humanization
+
+Features
+--------
+
+- Fully-implemented, drop-in replacement for datetime
+- Support for Python 3.6+
+- Timezone-aware and UTC by default
+- Super-simple creation options for many common input scenarios
+- ``shift`` method with support for relative offsets, including weeks
+- Format and parse strings automatically
+- Wide support for the `ISO 8601 <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601>`_ standard
+- Timezone conversion
+- Support for ``dateutil``, ``pytz``, and ``ZoneInfo`` tzinfo objects
+- Generates time spans, ranges, floors and ceilings for time frames ranging from microsecond to year
+- Humanize dates and times with a growing list of contributed locales
+- Extensible for your own Arrow-derived types
+- Full support for PEP 484-style type hints
+
+Quick Start
+-----------
+
+Installation
+~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+To install Arrow, use `pip <https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/quickstart/>`_ or `pipenv <https://docs.pipenv.org>`_:
+
+.. code-block:: console
+
+    $ pip install -U arrow
+
+Example Usage
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+    >>> import arrow
+    >>> arrow.get('2013-05-11T21:23:58.970460+07:00')
+    <Arrow [2013-05-11T21:23:58.970460+07:00]>
+
+    >>> utc = arrow.utcnow()
+    >>> utc
+    <Arrow [2013-05-11T21:23:58.970460+00:00]>
+
+    >>> utc = utc.shift(hours=-1)
+    >>> utc
+    <Arrow [2013-05-11T20:23:58.970460+00:00]>
+
+    >>> local = utc.to('US/Pacific')
+    >>> local
+    <Arrow [2013-05-11T13:23:58.970460-07:00]>
+
+    >>> local.timestamp()
+    1368303838.970460
+
+    >>> local.format()
+    '2013-05-11 13:23:58 -07:00'
+
+    >>> local.format('YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss ZZ')
+    '2013-05-11 13:23:58 -07:00'
+
+    >>> local.humanize()
+    'an hour ago'
+
+    >>> local.humanize(locale='ko-kr')
+    '한시간 전'
+
+.. end-inclusion-marker-do-not-remove
+
+Documentation
+-------------
+
+For full documentation, please visit `arrow.readthedocs.io <https://arrow.readthedocs.io>`_.
+
+Contributing
+------------
+
+Contributions are welcome for both code and localizations (adding and updating locales). Begin by gaining familiarity with the Arrow library and its features. Then, jump into contributing:
+
+#. Find an issue or feature to tackle on the `issue tracker <https://github.com/arrow-py/arrow/issues>`_. Issues marked with the `"good first issue" label <https://github.com/arrow-py/arrow/issues?q=is%3Aopen+is%3Aissue+label%3A%22good+first+issue%22>`_ may be a great place to start!
+#. Fork `this repository <https://github.com/arrow-py/arrow>`_ on GitHub and begin making changes in a branch.
+#. Add a few tests to ensure that the bug was fixed or the feature works as expected.
+#. Run the entire test suite and linting checks by running one of the following commands: ``tox && tox -e lint,docs`` (if you have `tox <https://tox.readthedocs.io>`_ installed) **OR** ``make build39 && make test && make lint`` (if you do not have Python 3.9 installed, replace ``build39`` with the latest Python version on your system).
+#. Submit a pull request and await feedback 😃.
+
+If you have any questions along the way, feel free to ask them `here <https://github.com/arrow-py/arrow/discussions>`_.
+
+Support Arrow
+-------------
+
+`Open Collective <https://opencollective.com/>`_ is an online funding platform that provides tools to raise money and share your finances with full transparency. It is the platform of choice for individuals and companies to make one-time or recurring donations directly to the project. If you are interested in making a financial contribution, please visit the `Arrow collective <https://opencollective.com/arrow>`_.
diff --git a/third_party/python/arrow/arrow-1.2.3.dist-info/RECORD b/third_party/python/arrow/arrow-1.2.3.dist-info/RECORD
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..62e73a16f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/python/arrow/arrow-1.2.3.dist-info/RECORD
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+arrow/__init__.py,sha256=HxsSJGl56GoeHB__No-kdGmC_Wes_Ttf0ohOy7OoFig,872
+arrow/_version.py,sha256=C-D_WWrVkBDmQmApLcm0sWNh2CgIrwWfc8_sB5vvU-Q,22
+arrow/api.py,sha256=6tdqrG0NjrKO22_eWHU4a5xerfR6IrZPY-yynGpnvTM,2755
+arrow/arrow.py,sha256=CnSXk3GCi1DroUvElSxlwQy9Y-2lCUSV5GKLLrBFmRA,63570
+arrow/constants.py,sha256=y3scgWgxiFuQg4DeFlhmexy1BA7K8LFNZyqK-VWPQJs,3238
+arrow/factory.py,sha256=dWP3XIYfYjqp7DCOdEYAD7PQfsbpQE70Ph9OS1A1LnE,11435
+arrow/formatter.py,sha256=YpYY8jeGZH0sgjc23PBm8HKf-EMHLp-8Ua52XfrVgPQ,5271
+arrow/locales.py,sha256=QSi6FJTVdmxDxAUIDMhUp3sJ13tHhF2tB50fA_mve0I,156276
+arrow/parser.py,sha256=ingY4axAO40kEYUL8MwqTIhFegCAVouDZk3c4YOs9aI,25720
+arrow/py.typed,sha256=47DEQpj8HBSa-_TImW-5JCeuQeRkm5NMpJWZG3hSuFU,0
+arrow/util.py,sha256=xnDevqRyNeYWbl3x-n_Tyo4cOgHcdgbxFECFsJ1XoEc,3679
+arrow-1.2.3.dist-info/LICENSE,sha256=QNbhJV1xUfXwQaUUcl08lP-owYgeWgwptr6pPwPi47s,11341
+arrow-1.2.3.dist-info/METADATA,sha256=gg8GFdfHjX15F_yMrLsluJwKUXTaQi5ECUvwBlZYe9o,6938
+arrow-1.2.3.dist-info/WHEEL,sha256=G16H4A3IeoQmnOrYV4ueZGKSjhipXx8zc8nu9FGlvMA,92
+arrow-1.2.3.dist-info/top_level.txt,sha256=aCBThK2RIB824ctI3l9i6z94l8UYpFF-BC4m3dDzFFo,6
+arrow-1.2.3.dist-info/RECORD,,
diff --git a/third_party/python/arrow/arrow-1.2.3.dist-info/WHEEL b/third_party/python/arrow/arrow-1.2.3.dist-info/WHEEL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..becc9a66ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/python/arrow/arrow-1.2.3.dist-info/WHEEL
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: bdist_wheel (0.37.1)
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any
+
diff --git a/third_party/python/arrow/arrow-1.2.3.dist-info/top_level.txt b/third_party/python/arrow/arrow-1.2.3.dist-info/top_level.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e2dc7471c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/python/arrow/arrow-1.2.3.dist-info/top_level.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+arrow
diff --git a/third_party/python/arrow/arrow/__init__.py b/third_party/python/arrow/arrow/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bc5970970e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/python/arrow/arrow/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+from ._version import __version__
+from .api import get, now, utcnow
+from .arrow import Arrow
+from .factory import ArrowFactory
+from .formatter import (
+    FORMAT_ATOM,
+    FORMAT_COOKIE,
+    FORMAT_RFC822,
+    FORMAT_RFC850,
+    FORMAT_RFC1036,
+    FORMAT_RFC1123,
+    FORMAT_RFC2822,
+    FORMAT_RFC3339,
+    FORMAT_RSS,
+    FORMAT_W3C,
+)
+from .parser import ParserError
+
+# https://mypy.readthedocs.io/en/stable/command_line.html#cmdoption-mypy-no-implicit-reexport
+# Mypy with --strict or --no-implicit-reexport requires an explicit reexport.
+__all__ = [
+    "__version__",
+    "get",
+    "now",
+    "utcnow",
+    "Arrow",
+    "ArrowFactory",
+    "FORMAT_ATOM",
+    "FORMAT_COOKIE",
+    "FORMAT_RFC822",
+    "FORMAT_RFC850",
+    "FORMAT_RFC1036",
+    "FORMAT_RFC1123",
+    "FORMAT_RFC2822",
+    "FORMAT_RFC3339",
+    "FORMAT_RSS",
+    "FORMAT_W3C",
+    "ParserError",
+]
diff --git a/third_party/python/arrow/arrow/_version.py b/third_party/python/arrow/arrow/_version.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..10aa336ce0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/python/arrow/arrow/_version.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+__version__ = "1.2.3"
diff --git a/third_party/python/arrow/arrow/api.py b/third_party/python/arrow/arrow/api.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d8ed24b978
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/python/arrow/arrow/api.py
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+"""
+Provides the default implementation of :class:`ArrowFactory <arrow.factory.ArrowFactory>`
+methods for use as a module API.
+
+"""
+
+from datetime import date, datetime
+from datetime import tzinfo as dt_tzinfo
+from time import struct_time
+from typing import Any, List, Optional, Tuple, Type, Union, overload
+
+from arrow.arrow import TZ_EXPR, Arrow
+from arrow.constants import DEFAULT_LOCALE
+from arrow.factory import ArrowFactory
+
+# internal default factory.
+_factory = ArrowFactory()
+
+# TODO: Use Positional Only Argument (https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0570/)
+#  after Python 3.7 deprecation
+
+
+@overload
+def get(
+    *,
+    locale: str = DEFAULT_LOCALE,
+    tzinfo: Optional[TZ_EXPR] = None,
+    normalize_whitespace: bool = False,
+) -> Arrow:
+    ...  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+@overload
+def get(
+    *args: int,
+    locale: str = DEFAULT_LOCALE,
+    tzinfo: Optional[TZ_EXPR] = None,
+    normalize_whitespace: bool = False,
+) -> Arrow:
+    ...  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+@overload
+def get(
+    __obj: Union[
+        Arrow,
+        datetime,
+        date,
+        struct_time,
+        dt_tzinfo,
+        int,
+        float,
+        str,
+        Tuple[int, int, int],
+    ],
+    *,
+    locale: str = DEFAULT_LOCALE,
+    tzinfo: Optional[TZ_EXPR] = None,
+    normalize_whitespace: bool = False,
+) -> Arrow:
+    ...  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+@overload
+def get(
+    __arg1: Union[datetime, date],
+    __arg2: TZ_EXPR,
+    *,
+    locale: str = DEFAULT_LOCALE,
+    tzinfo: Optional[TZ_EXPR] = None,
+    normalize_whitespace: bool = False,
+) -> Arrow:
+    ...  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+@overload
+def get(
+    __arg1: str,
+    __arg2: Union[str, List[str]],
+    *,
+    locale: str = DEFAULT_LOCALE,
+    tzinfo: Optional[TZ_EXPR] = None,
+    normalize_whitespace: bool = False,
+) -> Arrow:
+    ...  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+def get(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Arrow:
+    """Calls the default :class:`ArrowFactory <arrow.factory.ArrowFactory>` ``get`` method."""
+
+    return _factory.get(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+get.__doc__ = _factory.get.__doc__
+
+
+def utcnow() -> Arrow:
+    """Calls the default :class:`ArrowFactory <arrow.factory.ArrowFactory>` ``utcnow`` method."""
+
+    return _factory.utcnow()
+
+
+utcnow.__doc__ = _factory.utcnow.__doc__
+
+
+def now(tz: Optional[TZ_EXPR] = None) -> Arrow:
+    """Calls the default :class:`ArrowFactory <arrow.factory.ArrowFactory>` ``now`` method."""
+
+    return _factory.now(tz)
+
+
+now.__doc__ = _factory.now.__doc__
+
+
+def factory(type: Type[Arrow]) -> ArrowFactory:
+    """Returns an :class:`.ArrowFactory` for the specified :class:`Arrow <arrow.arrow.Arrow>`
+    or derived type.
+
+    :param type: the type, :class:`Arrow <arrow.arrow.Arrow>` or derived.
+
+    """
+
+    return ArrowFactory(type)
+
+
+__all__ = ["get", "utcnow", "now", "factory"]
diff --git a/third_party/python/arrow/arrow/arrow.py b/third_party/python/arrow/arrow/arrow.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1ede107f56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/python/arrow/arrow/arrow.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1886 @@
+"""
+Provides the :class:`Arrow <arrow.arrow.Arrow>` class, an enhanced ``datetime``
+replacement.
+
+"""
+
+
+import calendar
+import re
+import sys
+from datetime import date
+from datetime import datetime as dt_datetime
+from datetime import time as dt_time
+from datetime import timedelta
+from datetime import tzinfo as dt_tzinfo
+from math import trunc
+from time import struct_time
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    ClassVar,
+    Generator,
+    Iterable,
+    List,
+    Mapping,
+    Optional,
+    Tuple,
+    Union,
+    cast,
+    overload,
+)
+
+from dateutil import tz as dateutil_tz
+from dateutil.relativedelta import relativedelta
+
+from arrow import formatter, locales, parser, util
+from arrow.constants import DEFAULT_LOCALE, DEHUMANIZE_LOCALES
+from arrow.locales import TimeFrameLiteral
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 8):  # pragma: no cover
+    from typing_extensions import Final, Literal
+else:
+    from typing import Final, Literal  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+TZ_EXPR = Union[dt_tzinfo, str]
+
+_T_FRAMES = Literal[
+    "year",
+    "years",
+    "month",
+    "months",
+    "day",
+    "days",
+    "hour",
+    "hours",
+    "minute",
+    "minutes",
+    "second",
+    "seconds",
+    "microsecond",
+    "microseconds",
+    "week",
+    "weeks",
+    "quarter",
+    "quarters",
+]
+
+_BOUNDS = Literal["[)", "()", "(]", "[]"]
+
+_GRANULARITY = Literal[
+    "auto",
+    "second",
+    "minute",
+    "hour",
+    "day",
+    "week",
+    "month",
+    "quarter",
+    "year",
+]
+
+
+class Arrow:
+    """An :class:`Arrow <arrow.arrow.Arrow>` object.
+
+    Implements the ``datetime`` interface, behaving as an aware ``datetime`` while implementing
+    additional functionality.
+
+    :param year: the calendar year.
+    :param month: the calendar month.
+    :param day: the calendar day.
+    :param hour: (optional) the hour. Defaults to 0.
+    :param minute: (optional) the minute, Defaults to 0.
+    :param second: (optional) the second, Defaults to 0.
+    :param microsecond: (optional) the microsecond. Defaults to 0.
+    :param tzinfo: (optional) A timezone expression.  Defaults to UTC.
+    :param fold: (optional) 0 or 1, used to disambiguate repeated wall times. Defaults to 0.
+
+    .. _tz-expr:
+
+    Recognized timezone expressions:
+
+        - A ``tzinfo`` object.
+        - A ``str`` describing a timezone, similar to 'US/Pacific', or 'Europe/Berlin'.
+        - A ``str`` in ISO 8601 style, as in '+07:00'.
+        - A ``str``, one of the following:  'local', 'utc', 'UTC'.
+
+    Usage::
+
+        >>> import arrow
+        >>> arrow.Arrow(2013, 5, 5, 12, 30, 45)
+        <Arrow [2013-05-05T12:30:45+00:00]>
+
+    """
+
+    resolution: ClassVar[timedelta] = dt_datetime.resolution
+    min: ClassVar["Arrow"]
+    max: ClassVar["Arrow"]
+
+    _ATTRS: Final[List[str]] = [
+        "year",
+        "month",
+        "day",
+        "hour",
+        "minute",
+        "second",
+        "microsecond",
+    ]
+    _ATTRS_PLURAL: Final[List[str]] = [f"{a}s" for a in _ATTRS]
+    _MONTHS_PER_QUARTER: Final[int] = 3
+    _SECS_PER_MINUTE: Final[int] = 60
+    _SECS_PER_HOUR: Final[int] = 60 * 60
+    _SECS_PER_DAY: Final[int] = 60 * 60 * 24
+    _SECS_PER_WEEK: Final[int] = 60 * 60 * 24 * 7
+    _SECS_PER_MONTH: Final[float] = 60 * 60 * 24 * 30.5
+    _SECS_PER_QUARTER: Final[float] = 60 * 60 * 24 * 30.5 * 3
+    _SECS_PER_YEAR: Final[int] = 60 * 60 * 24 * 365
+
+    _SECS_MAP: Final[Mapping[TimeFrameLiteral, float]] = {
+        "second": 1.0,
+        "minute": _SECS_PER_MINUTE,
+        "hour": _SECS_PER_HOUR,
+        "day": _SECS_PER_DAY,
+        "week": _SECS_PER_WEEK,
+        "month": _SECS_PER_MONTH,
+        "quarter": _SECS_PER_QUARTER,
+        "year": _SECS_PER_YEAR,
+    }
+
+    _datetime: dt_datetime
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        year: int,
+        month: int,
+        day: int,
+        hour: int = 0,
+        minute: int = 0,
+        second: int = 0,
+        microsecond: int = 0,
+        tzinfo: Optional[TZ_EXPR] = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        if tzinfo is None:
+            tzinfo = dateutil_tz.tzutc()
+        # detect that tzinfo is a pytz object (issue #626)
+        elif (
+            isinstance(tzinfo, dt_tzinfo)
+            and hasattr(tzinfo, "localize")
+            and hasattr(tzinfo, "zone")
+            and tzinfo.zone  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        ):
+            tzinfo = parser.TzinfoParser.parse(tzinfo.zone)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        elif isinstance(tzinfo, str):
+            tzinfo = parser.TzinfoParser.parse(tzinfo)
+
+        fold = kwargs.get("fold", 0)
+
+        self._datetime = dt_datetime(
+            year, month, day, hour, minute, second, microsecond, tzinfo, fold=fold
+        )
+
+    # factories: single object, both original and from datetime.
+
+    @classmethod
+    def now(cls, tzinfo: Optional[dt_tzinfo] = None) -> "Arrow":
+        """Constructs an :class:`Arrow <arrow.arrow.Arrow>` object, representing "now" in the given
+        timezone.
+
+        :param tzinfo: (optional) a ``tzinfo`` object. Defaults to local time.
+
+        Usage::
+
+            >>> arrow.now('Asia/Baku')
+            <Arrow [2019-01-24T20:26:31.146412+04:00]>
+
+        """
+
+        if tzinfo is None:
+            tzinfo = dateutil_tz.tzlocal()
+
+        dt = dt_datetime.now(tzinfo)
+
+        return cls(
+            dt.year,
+            dt.month,
+            dt.day,
+            dt.hour,
+            dt.minute,
+            dt.second,
+            dt.microsecond,
+            dt.tzinfo,
+            fold=getattr(dt, "fold", 0),
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def utcnow(cls) -> "Arrow":
+        """Constructs an :class:`Arrow <arrow.arrow.Arrow>` object, representing "now" in UTC
+        time.
+
+        Usage::
+
+            >>> arrow.utcnow()
+            <Arrow [2019-01-24T16:31:40.651108+00:00]>
+
+        """
+
+        dt = dt_datetime.now(dateutil_tz.tzutc())
+
+        return cls(
+            dt.year,
+            dt.month,
+            dt.day,
+            dt.hour,
+            dt.minute,
+            dt.second,
+            dt.microsecond,
+            dt.tzinfo,
+            fold=getattr(dt, "fold", 0),
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def fromtimestamp(
+        cls,
+        timestamp: Union[int, float, str],
+        tzinfo: Optional[TZ_EXPR] = None,
+    ) -> "Arrow":
+        """Constructs an :class:`Arrow <arrow.arrow.Arrow>` object from a timestamp, converted to
+        the given timezone.
+
+        :param timestamp: an ``int`` or ``float`` timestamp, or a ``str`` that converts to either.
+        :param tzinfo: (optional) a ``tzinfo`` object.  Defaults to local time.
+
+        """
+
+        if tzinfo is None:
+            tzinfo = dateutil_tz.tzlocal()
+        elif isinstance(tzinfo, str):
+            tzinfo = parser.TzinfoParser.parse(tzinfo)
+
+        if not util.is_timestamp(timestamp):
+            raise ValueError(f"The provided timestamp {timestamp!r} is invalid.")
+
+        timestamp = util.normalize_timestamp(float(timestamp))
+        dt = dt_datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp, tzinfo)
+
+        return cls(
+            dt.year,
+            dt.month,
+            dt.day,
+            dt.hour,
+            dt.minute,
+            dt.second,
+            dt.microsecond,
+            dt.tzinfo,
+            fold=getattr(dt, "fold", 0),
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def utcfromtimestamp(cls, timestamp: Union[int, float, str]) -> "Arrow":
+        """Constructs an :class:`Arrow <arrow.arrow.Arrow>` object from a timestamp, in UTC time.
+
+        :param timestamp: an ``int`` or ``float`` timestamp, or a ``str`` that converts to either.
+
+        """
+
+        if not util.is_timestamp(timestamp):
+            raise ValueError(f"The provided timestamp {timestamp!r} is invalid.")
+
+        timestamp = util.normalize_timestamp(float(timestamp))
+        dt = dt_datetime.utcfromtimestamp(timestamp)
+
+        return cls(
+            dt.year,
+            dt.month,
+            dt.day,
+            dt.hour,
+            dt.minute,
+            dt.second,
+            dt.microsecond,
+            dateutil_tz.tzutc(),
+            fold=getattr(dt, "fold", 0),
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def fromdatetime(cls, dt: dt_datetime, tzinfo: Optional[TZ_EXPR] = None) -> "Arrow":
+        """Constructs an :class:`Arrow <arrow.arrow.Arrow>` object from a ``datetime`` and
+        optional replacement timezone.
+
+        :param dt: the ``datetime``
+        :param tzinfo: (optional) A :ref:`timezone expression <tz-expr>`.  Defaults to ``dt``'s
+            timezone, or UTC if naive.
+
+        Usage::
+
+            >>> dt
+            datetime.datetime(2021, 4, 7, 13, 48, tzinfo=tzfile('/usr/share/zoneinfo/US/Pacific'))
+            >>> arrow.Arrow.fromdatetime(dt)
+            <Arrow [2021-04-07T13:48:00-07:00]>
+
+        """
+
+        if tzinfo is None:
+            if dt.tzinfo is None:
+                tzinfo = dateutil_tz.tzutc()
+            else:
+                tzinfo = dt.tzinfo
+
+        return cls(
+            dt.year,
+            dt.month,
+            dt.day,
+            dt.hour,
+            dt.minute,
+            dt.second,
+            dt.microsecond,
+            tzinfo,
+            fold=getattr(dt, "fold", 0),
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def fromdate(cls, date: date, tzinfo: Optional[TZ_EXPR] = None) -> "Arrow":
+        """Constructs an :class:`Arrow <arrow.arrow.Arrow>` object from a ``date`` and optional
+        replacement timezone.  All time values are set to 0.
+
+        :param date: the ``date``
+        :param tzinfo: (optional) A :ref:`timezone expression <tz-expr>`.  Defaults to UTC.
+
+        """
+
+        if tzinfo is None:
+            tzinfo = dateutil_tz.tzutc()
+
+        return cls(date.year, date.month, date.day, tzinfo=tzinfo)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def strptime(
+        cls, date_str: str, fmt: str, tzinfo: Optional[TZ_EXPR] = None
+    ) -> "Arrow":
+        """Constructs an :class:`Arrow <arrow.arrow.Arrow>` object from a date string and format,
+        in the style of ``datetime.strptime``.  Optionally replaces the parsed timezone.
+
+        :param date_str: the date string.
+        :param fmt: the format string using datetime format codes.
+        :param tzinfo: (optional) A :ref:`timezone expression <tz-expr>`.  Defaults to the parsed
+            timezone if ``fmt`` contains a timezone directive, otherwise UTC.
+
+        Usage::
+
+            >>> arrow.Arrow.strptime('20-01-2019 15:49:10', '%d-%m-%Y %H:%M:%S')
+            <Arrow [2019-01-20T15:49:10+00:00]>
+
+        """
+
+        dt = dt_datetime.strptime(date_str, fmt)
+        if tzinfo is None:
+            tzinfo = dt.tzinfo
+
+        return cls(
+            dt.year,
+            dt.month,
+            dt.day,
+            dt.hour,
+            dt.minute,
+            dt.second,
+            dt.microsecond,
+            tzinfo,
+            fold=getattr(dt, "fold", 0),
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def fromordinal(cls, ordinal: int) -> "Arrow":
+        """Constructs an :class:`Arrow <arrow.arrow.Arrow>` object corresponding
+            to the Gregorian Ordinal.
+
+        :param ordinal: an ``int`` corresponding to a Gregorian Ordinal.
+
+        Usage::
+
+            >>> arrow.fromordinal(737741)
+            <Arrow [2020-11-12T00:00:00+00:00]>
+
+        """
+
+        util.validate_ordinal(ordinal)
+        dt = dt_datetime.fromordinal(ordinal)
+        return cls(
+            dt.year,
+            dt.month,
+            dt.day,
+            dt.hour,
+            dt.minute,
+            dt.second,
+            dt.microsecond,
+            dt.tzinfo,
+            fold=getattr(dt, "fold", 0),
+        )
+
+    # factories: ranges and spans
+
+    @classmethod
+    def range(
+        cls,
+        frame: _T_FRAMES,
+        start: Union["Arrow", dt_datetime],
+        end: Union["Arrow", dt_datetime, None] = None,
+        tz: Optional[TZ_EXPR] = None,
+        limit: Optional[int] = None,
+    ) -> Generator["Arrow", None, None]:
+        """Returns an iterator of :class:`Arrow <arrow.arrow.Arrow>` objects, representing
+        points in time between two inputs.
+
+        :param frame: The timeframe.  Can be any ``datetime`` property (day, hour, minute...).
+        :param start: A datetime expression, the start of the range.
+        :param end: (optional) A datetime expression, the end of the range.
+        :param tz: (optional) A :ref:`timezone expression <tz-expr>`.  Defaults to
+            ``start``'s timezone, or UTC if ``start`` is naive.
+        :param limit: (optional) A maximum number of tuples to return.
+
+        **NOTE**: The ``end`` or ``limit`` must be provided.  Call with ``end`` alone to
+        return the entire range.  Call with ``limit`` alone to return a maximum # of results from
+        the start.  Call with both to cap a range at a maximum # of results.
+
+        **NOTE**: ``tz`` internally **replaces** the timezones of both ``start`` and ``end`` before
+        iterating.  As such, either call with naive objects and ``tz``, or aware objects from the
+        same timezone and no ``tz``.
+
+        Supported frame values: year, quarter, month, week, day, hour, minute, second, microsecond.
+
+        Recognized datetime expressions:
+
+            - An :class:`Arrow <arrow.arrow.Arrow>` object.
+            - A ``datetime`` object.
+
+        Usage::
+
+            >>> start = datetime(2013, 5, 5, 12, 30)
+            >>> end = datetime(2013, 5, 5, 17, 15)
+            >>> for r in arrow.Arrow.range('hour', start, end):
+            ...     print(repr(r))
+            ...
+            <Arrow [2013-05-05T12:30:00+00:00]>
+            <Arrow [2013-05-05T13:30:00+00:00]>
+            <Arrow [2013-05-05T14:30:00+00:00]>
+            <Arrow [2013-05-05T15:30:00+00:00]>
+            <Arrow [2013-05-05T16:30:00+00:00]>
+
+        **NOTE**: Unlike Python's ``range``, ``end`` *may* be included in the returned iterator::
+
+            >>> start = datetime(2013, 5, 5, 12, 30)
+            >>> end = datetime(2013, 5, 5, 13, 30)
+            >>> for r in arrow.Arrow.range('hour', start, end):
+            ...     print(repr(r))
+            ...
+            <Arrow [2013-05-05T12:30:00+00:00]>
+            <Arrow [2013-05-05T13:30:00+00:00]>
+
+        """
+
+        _, frame_relative, relative_steps = cls._get_frames(frame)
+
+        tzinfo = cls._get_tzinfo(start.tzinfo if tz is None else tz)
+
+        start = cls._get_datetime(start).replace(tzinfo=tzinfo)
+        end, limit = cls._get_iteration_params(end, limit)
+        end = cls._get_datetime(end).replace(tzinfo=tzinfo)
+
+        current = cls.fromdatetime(start)
+        original_day = start.day
+        day_is_clipped = False
+        i = 0
+
+        while current <= end and i < limit:
+            i += 1
+            yield current
+
+            values = [getattr(current, f) for f in cls._ATTRS]
+            current = cls(*values, tzinfo=tzinfo).shift(  # type: ignore
+                **{frame_relative: relative_steps}
+            )
+
+            if frame in ["month", "quarter", "year"] and current.day < original_day:
+                day_is_clipped = True
+
+            if day_is_clipped and not cls._is_last_day_of_month(current):
+                current = current.replace(day=original_day)
+
+    def span(
+        self,
+        frame: _T_FRAMES,
+        count: int = 1,
+        bounds: _BOUNDS = "[)",
+        exact: bool = False,
+        week_start: int = 1,
+    ) -> Tuple["Arrow", "Arrow"]:
+        """Returns a tuple of two new :class:`Arrow <arrow.arrow.Arrow>` objects, representing the timespan
+        of the :class:`Arrow <arrow.arrow.Arrow>` object in a given timeframe.
+
+        :param frame: the timeframe.  Can be any ``datetime`` property (day, hour, minute...).
+        :param count: (optional) the number of frames to span.
+        :param bounds: (optional) a ``str`` of either '()', '(]', '[)', or '[]' that specifies
+            whether to include or exclude the start and end values in the span. '(' excludes
+            the start, '[' includes the start, ')' excludes the end, and ']' includes the end.
+            If the bounds are not specified, the default bound '[)' is used.
+        :param exact: (optional) whether to have the start of the timespan begin exactly
+            at the time specified by ``start`` and the end of the timespan truncated
+            so as not to extend beyond ``end``.
+        :param week_start: (optional) only used in combination with the week timeframe. Follows isoweekday() where
+            Monday is 1 and Sunday is 7.
+
+        Supported frame values: year, quarter, month, week, day, hour, minute, second.
+
+        Usage::
+
+            >>> arrow.utcnow()
+            <Arrow [2013-05-09T03:32:36.186203+00:00]>
+
+            >>> arrow.utcnow().span('hour')
+            (<Arrow [2013-05-09T03:00:00+00:00]>, <Arrow [2013-05-09T03:59:59.999999+00:00]>)
+
+            >>> arrow.utcnow().span('day')
+            (<Arrow [2013-05-09T00:00:00+00:00]>, <Arrow [2013-05-09T23:59:59.999999+00:00]>)
+
+            >>> arrow.utcnow().span('day', count=2)
+            (<Arrow [2013-05-09T00:00:00+00:00]>, <Arrow [2013-05-10T23:59:59.999999+00:00]>)
+
+            >>> arrow.utcnow().span('day', bounds='[]')
+            (<Arrow [2013-05-09T00:00:00+00:00]>, <Arrow [2013-05-10T00:00:00+00:00]>)
+
+            >>> arrow.utcnow().span('week')
+            (<Arrow [2021-02-22T00:00:00+00:00]>, <Arrow [2021-02-28T23:59:59.999999+00:00]>)
+
+            >>> arrow.utcnow().span('week', week_start=6)
+            (<Arrow [2021-02-20T00:00:00+00:00]>, <Arrow [2021-02-26T23:59:59.999999+00:00]>)
+
+        """
+        if not 1 <= week_start <= 7:
+            raise ValueError("week_start argument must be between 1 and 7.")
+
+        util.validate_bounds(bounds)
+
+        frame_absolute, frame_relative, relative_steps = self._get_frames(frame)
+
+        if frame_absolute == "week":
+            attr = "day"
+        elif frame_absolute == "quarter":
+            attr = "month"
+        else:
+            attr = frame_absolute
+
+        floor = self
+        if not exact:
+            index = self._ATTRS.index(attr)
+            frames = self._ATTRS[: index + 1]
+
+            values = [getattr(self, f) for f in frames]
+
+            for _ in range(3 - len(values)):
+                values.append(1)
+
+            floor = self.__class__(*values, tzinfo=self.tzinfo)  # type: ignore
+
+            if frame_absolute == "week":
+                # if week_start is greater than self.isoweekday() go back one week by setting delta = 7
+                delta = 7 if week_start > self.isoweekday() else 0
+                floor = floor.shift(days=-(self.isoweekday() - week_start) - delta)
+            elif frame_absolute == "quarter":
+                floor = floor.shift(months=-((self.month - 1) % 3))
+
+        ceil = floor.shift(**{frame_relative: count * relative_steps})
+
+        if bounds[0] == "(":
+            floor = floor.shift(microseconds=+1)
+
+        if bounds[1] == ")":
+            ceil = ceil.shift(microseconds=-1)
+
+        return floor, ceil
+
+    def floor(self, frame: _T_FRAMES) -> "Arrow":
+        """Returns a new :class:`Arrow <arrow.arrow.Arrow>` object, representing the "floor"
+        of the timespan of the :class:`Arrow <arrow.arrow.Arrow>` object in a given timeframe.
+        Equivalent to the first element in the 2-tuple returned by
+        :func:`span <arrow.arrow.Arrow.span>`.
+
+        :param frame: the timeframe.  Can be any ``datetime`` property (day, hour, minute...).
+
+        Usage::
+
+            >>> arrow.utcnow().floor('hour')
+            <Arrow [2013-05-09T03:00:00+00:00]>
+
+        """
+
+        return self.span(frame)[0]
+
+    def ceil(self, frame: _T_FRAMES) -> "Arrow":
+        """Returns a new :class:`Arrow <arrow.arrow.Arrow>` object, representing the "ceiling"
+        of the timespan of the :class:`Arrow <arrow.arrow.Arrow>` object in a given timeframe.
+        Equivalent to the second element in the 2-tuple returned by
+        :func:`span <arrow.arrow.Arrow.span>`.
+
+        :param frame: the timeframe.  Can be any ``datetime`` property (day, hour, minute...).
+
+        Usage::
+
+            >>> arrow.utcnow().ceil('hour')
+            <Arrow [2013-05-09T03:59:59.999999+00:00]>
+
+        """
+
+        return self.span(frame)[1]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def span_range(
+        cls,
+        frame: _T_FRAMES,
+        start: dt_datetime,
+        end: dt_datetime,
+        tz: Optional[TZ_EXPR] = None,
+        limit: Optional[int] = None,
+        bounds: _BOUNDS = "[)",
+        exact: bool = False,
+    ) -> Iterable[Tuple["Arrow", "Arrow"]]:
+        """Returns an iterator of tuples, each :class:`Arrow <arrow.arrow.Arrow>` objects,
+        representing a series of timespans between two inputs.
+
+        :param frame: The timeframe.  Can be any ``datetime`` property (day, hour, minute...).
+        :param start: A datetime expression, the start of the range.
+        :param end: (optional) A datetime expression, the end of the range.
+        :param tz: (optional) A :ref:`timezone expression <tz-expr>`.  Defaults to
+            ``start``'s timezone, or UTC if ``start`` is naive.
+        :param limit: (optional) A maximum number of tuples to return.
+        :param bounds: (optional) a ``str`` of either '()', '(]', '[)', or '[]' that specifies
+            whether to include or exclude the start and end values in each span in the range. '(' excludes
+            the start, '[' includes the start, ')' excludes the end, and ']' includes the end.
+            If the bounds are not specified, the default bound '[)' is used.
+        :param exact: (optional) whether to have the first timespan start exactly
+            at the time specified by ``start`` and the final span truncated
+            so as not to extend beyond ``end``.
+
+        **NOTE**: The ``end`` or ``limit`` must be provided.  Call with ``end`` alone to
+        return the entire range.  Call with ``limit`` alone to return a maximum # of results from
+        the start.  Call with both to cap a range at a maximum # of results.
+
+        **NOTE**: ``tz`` internally **replaces** the timezones of both ``start`` and ``end`` before
+        iterating.  As such, either call with naive objects and ``tz``, or aware objects from the
+        same timezone and no ``tz``.
+
+        Supported frame values: year, quarter, month, week, day, hour, minute, second, microsecond.
+
+        Recognized datetime expressions:
+
+            - An :class:`Arrow <arrow.arrow.Arrow>` object.
+            - A ``datetime`` object.
+
+        **NOTE**: Unlike Python's ``range``, ``end`` will *always* be included in the returned
+        iterator of timespans.
+
+        Usage:
+
+            >>> start = datetime(2013, 5, 5, 12, 30)
+            >>> end = datetime(2013, 5, 5, 17, 15)
+            >>> for r in arrow.Arrow.span_range('hour', start, end):
+            ...     print(r)
+            ...
+            (<Arrow [2013-05-05T12:00:00+00:00]>, <Arrow [2013-05-05T12:59:59.999999+00:00]>)
+            (<Arrow [2013-05-05T13:00:00+00:00]>, <Arrow [2013-05-05T13:59:59.999999+00:00]>)
+            (<Arrow [2013-05-05T14:00:00+00:00]>, <Arrow [2013-05-05T14:59:59.999999+00:00]>)
+            (<Arrow [2013-05-05T15:00:00+00:00]>, <Arrow [2013-05-05T15:59:59.999999+00:00]>)
+            (<Arrow [2013-05-05T16:00:00+00:00]>, <Arrow [2013-05-05T16:59:59.999999+00:00]>)
+            (<Arrow [2013-05-05T17:00:00+00:00]>, <Arrow [2013-05-05T17:59:59.999999+00:00]>)
+
+        """
+
+        tzinfo = cls._get_tzinfo(start.tzinfo if tz is None else tz)
+        start = cls.fromdatetime(start, tzinfo).span(frame, exact=exact)[0]
+        end = cls.fromdatetime(end, tzinfo)
+        _range = cls.range(frame, start, end, tz, limit)
+        if not exact:
+            for r in _range:
+                yield r.span(frame, bounds=bounds, exact=exact)
+
+        for r in _range:
+            floor, ceil = r.span(frame, bounds=bounds, exact=exact)
+            if ceil > end:
+                ceil = end
+                if bounds[1] == ")":
+                    ceil += relativedelta(microseconds=-1)
+            if floor == end:
+                break
+            elif floor + relativedelta(microseconds=-1) == end:
+                break
+            yield floor, ceil
+
+    @classmethod
+    def interval(
+        cls,
+        frame: _T_FRAMES,
+        start: dt_datetime,
+        end: dt_datetime,
+        interval: int = 1,
+        tz: Optional[TZ_EXPR] = None,
+        bounds: _BOUNDS = "[)",
+        exact: bool = False,
+    ) -> Iterable[Tuple["Arrow", "Arrow"]]:
+        """Returns an iterator of tuples, each :class:`Arrow <arrow.arrow.Arrow>` objects,
+        representing a series of intervals between two inputs.
+
+        :param frame: The timeframe.  Can be any ``datetime`` property (day, hour, minute...).
+        :param start: A datetime expression, the start of the range.
+        :param end: (optional) A datetime expression, the end of the range.
+        :param interval: (optional) Time interval for the given time frame.
+        :param tz: (optional) A timezone expression.  Defaults to UTC.
+        :param bounds: (optional) a ``str`` of either '()', '(]', '[)', or '[]' that specifies
+            whether to include or exclude the start and end values in the intervals. '(' excludes
+            the start, '[' includes the start, ')' excludes the end, and ']' includes the end.
+            If the bounds are not specified, the default bound '[)' is used.
+        :param exact: (optional) whether to have the first timespan start exactly
+            at the time specified by ``start`` and the final interval truncated
+            so as not to extend beyond ``end``.
+
+        Supported frame values: year, quarter, month, week, day, hour, minute, second
+
+        Recognized datetime expressions:
+
+            - An :class:`Arrow <arrow.arrow.Arrow>` object.
+            - A ``datetime`` object.
+
+        Recognized timezone expressions:
+
+            - A ``tzinfo`` object.
+            - A ``str`` describing a timezone, similar to 'US/Pacific', or 'Europe/Berlin'.
+            - A ``str`` in ISO 8601 style, as in '+07:00'.
+            - A ``str``, one of the following:  'local', 'utc', 'UTC'.
+
+        Usage:
+
+            >>> start = datetime(2013, 5, 5, 12, 30)
+            >>> end = datetime(2013, 5, 5, 17, 15)
+            >>> for r in arrow.Arrow.interval('hour', start, end, 2):
+            ...     print(r)
+            ...
+            (<Arrow [2013-05-05T12:00:00+00:00]>, <Arrow [2013-05-05T13:59:59.999999+00:00]>)
+            (<Arrow [2013-05-05T14:00:00+00:00]>, <Arrow [2013-05-05T15:59:59.999999+00:00]>)
+            (<Arrow [2013-05-05T16:00:00+00:00]>, <Arrow [2013-05-05T17:59:59.999999+00:0]>)
+        """
+        if interval < 1:
+            raise ValueError("interval has to be a positive integer")
+
+        spanRange = iter(
+            cls.span_range(frame, start, end, tz, bounds=bounds, exact=exact)
+        )
+        while True:
+            try:
+                intvlStart, intvlEnd = next(spanRange)
+                for _ in range(interval - 1):
+                    try:
+                        _, intvlEnd = next(spanRange)
+                    except StopIteration:
+                        continue
+                yield intvlStart, intvlEnd
+            except StopIteration:
+                return
+
+    # representations
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} [{self.__str__()}]>"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self._datetime.isoformat()
+
+    def __format__(self, formatstr: str) -> str:
+
+        if len(formatstr) > 0:
+            return self.format(formatstr)
+
+        return str(self)
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        return self._datetime.__hash__()
+
+    # attributes and properties
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> int:
+
+        if name == "week":
+            return self.isocalendar()[1]
+
+        if name == "quarter":
+            return int((self.month - 1) / self._MONTHS_PER_QUARTER) + 1
+
+        if not name.startswith("_"):
+            value: Optional[int] = getattr(self._datetime, name, None)
+
+            if value is not None:
+                return value
+
+        return cast(int, object.__getattribute__(self, name))
+
+    @property
+    def tzinfo(self) -> dt_tzinfo:
+        """Gets the ``tzinfo`` of the :class:`Arrow <arrow.arrow.Arrow>` object.
+
+        Usage::
+
+            >>> arw=arrow.utcnow()
+            >>> arw.tzinfo
+            tzutc()
+
+        """
+
+        # In Arrow, `_datetime` cannot be naive.
+        return cast(dt_tzinfo, self._datetime.tzinfo)
+
+    @property
+    def datetime(self) -> dt_datetime:
+        """Returns a datetime representation of the :class:`Arrow <arrow.arrow.Arrow>` object.
+
+        Usage::
+
+            >>> arw=arrow.utcnow()
+            >>> arw.datetime
+            datetime.datetime(2019, 1, 24, 16, 35, 27, 276649, tzinfo=tzutc())
+
+        """
+
+        return self._datetime
+
+    @property
+    def naive(self) -> dt_datetime:
+        """Returns a naive datetime representation of the :class:`Arrow <arrow.arrow.Arrow>`
+        object.
+
+        Usage::
+
+            >>> nairobi = arrow.now('Africa/Nairobi')
+            >>> nairobi
+            <Arrow [2019-01-23T19:27:12.297999+03:00]>
+            >>> nairobi.naive
+            datetime.datetime(2019, 1, 23, 19, 27, 12, 297999)
+
+        """
+
+        return self._datetime.replace(tzinfo=None)
+
+    def timestamp(self) -> float:
+        """Returns a timestamp representation of the :class:`Arrow <arrow.arrow.Arrow>` object, in
+        UTC time.
+
+        Usage::
+
+            >>> arrow.utcnow().timestamp()
+            1616882340.256501
+
+        """
+
+        return self._datetime.timestamp()
+
+    @property
+    def int_timestamp(self) -> int:
+        """Returns an integer timestamp representation of the :class:`Arrow <arrow.arrow.Arrow>` object, in
+        UTC time.
+
+        Usage::
+
+            >>> arrow.utcnow().int_timestamp
+            1548260567
+
+        """
+
+        return int(self.timestamp())
+
+    @property
+    def float_timestamp(self) -> float:
+        """Returns a floating-point timestamp representation of the :class:`Arrow <arrow.arrow.Arrow>`
+        object, in UTC time.
+
+        Usage::
+
+            >>> arrow.utcnow().float_timestamp
+            1548260516.830896
+
+        """
+
+        return self.timestamp()
+
+    @property
+    def fold(self) -> int:
+        """Returns the ``fold`` value of the :class:`Arrow <arrow.arrow.Arrow>` object."""
+
+        return self._datetime.fold
+
+    @property
+    def ambiguous(self) -> bool:
+        """Indicates whether the :class:`Arrow <arrow.arrow.Arrow>` object is a repeated wall time in the current
+        timezone.
+
+        """
+
+        return dateutil_tz.datetime_ambiguous(self._datetime)
+
+    @property
+    def imaginary(self) -> bool:
+        """Indicates whether the :class: `Arrow <arrow.arrow.Arrow>` object exists in the current timezone."""
+
+        return not dateutil_tz.datetime_exists(self._datetime)
+
+    # mutation and duplication.
+
+    def clone(self) -> "Arrow":
+        """Returns a new :class:`Arrow <arrow.arrow.Arrow>` object, cloned from the current one.
+
+        Usage:
+
+            >>> arw = arrow.utcnow()
+            >>> cloned = arw.clone()
+
+        """
+
+        return self.fromdatetime(self._datetime)
+
+    def replace(self, **kwargs: Any) -> "Arrow":
+        """Returns a new :class:`Arrow <arrow.arrow.Arrow>` object with attributes updated
+        according to inputs.
+
+        Use property names to set their value absolutely::
+
+            >>> import arrow
+            >>> arw = arrow.utcnow()
+            >>> arw
+            <Arrow [2013-05-11T22:27:34.787885+00:00]>
+            >>> arw.replace(year=2014, month=6)
+            <Arrow [2014-06-11T22:27:34.787885+00:00]>
+
+        You can also replace the timezone without conversion, using a
+        :ref:`timezone expression <tz-expr>`::
+
+            >>> arw.replace(tzinfo=tz.tzlocal())
+            <Arrow [2013-05-11T22:27:34.787885-07:00]>
+
+        """
+
+        absolute_kwargs = {}
+
+        for key, value in kwargs.items():
+
+            if key in self._ATTRS:
+                absolute_kwargs[key] = value
+            elif key in ["week", "quarter"]:
+                raise ValueError(f"Setting absolute {key} is not supported.")
+            elif key not in ["tzinfo", "fold"]:
+                raise ValueError(f"Unknown attribute: {key!r}.")
+
+        current = self._datetime.replace(**absolute_kwargs)
+
+        tzinfo = kwargs.get("tzinfo")
+
+        if tzinfo is not None:
+            tzinfo = self._get_tzinfo(tzinfo)
+            current = current.replace(tzinfo=tzinfo)
+
+        fold = kwargs.get("fold")
+
+        if fold is not None:
+            current = current.replace(fold=fold)
+
+        return self.fromdatetime(current)
+
+    def shift(self, **kwargs: Any) -> "Arrow":
+        """Returns a new :class:`Arrow <arrow.arrow.Arrow>` object with attributes updated
+        according to inputs.
+
+        Use pluralized property names to relatively shift their current value:
+
+        >>> import arrow
+        >>> arw = arrow.utcnow()
+        >>> arw
+        <Arrow [2013-05-11T22:27:34.787885+00:00]>
+        >>> arw.shift(years=1, months=-1)
+        <Arrow [2014-04-11T22:27:34.787885+00:00]>
+
+        Day-of-the-week relative shifting can use either Python's weekday numbers
+        (Monday = 0, Tuesday = 1 .. Sunday = 6) or using dateutil.relativedelta's
+        day instances (MO, TU .. SU).  When using weekday numbers, the returned
+        date will always be greater than or equal to the starting date.
+
+        Using the above code (which is a Saturday) and asking it to shift to Saturday:
+
+        >>> arw.shift(weekday=5)
+        <Arrow [2013-05-11T22:27:34.787885+00:00]>
+
+        While asking for a Monday:
+
+        >>> arw.shift(weekday=0)
+        <Arrow [2013-05-13T22:27:34.787885+00:00]>
+
+        """
+
+        relative_kwargs = {}
+        additional_attrs = ["weeks", "quarters", "weekday"]
+
+        for key, value in kwargs.items():
+
+            if key in self._ATTRS_PLURAL or key in additional_attrs:
+                relative_kwargs[key] = value
+            else:
+                supported_attr = ", ".join(self._ATTRS_PLURAL + additional_attrs)
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"Invalid shift time frame. Please select one of the following: {supported_attr}."
+                )
+
+        # core datetime does not support quarters, translate to months.
+        relative_kwargs.setdefault("months", 0)
+        relative_kwargs["months"] += (
+            relative_kwargs.pop("quarters", 0) * self._MONTHS_PER_QUARTER
+        )
+
+        current = self._datetime + relativedelta(**relative_kwargs)
+
+        if not dateutil_tz.datetime_exists(current):
+            current = dateutil_tz.resolve_imaginary(current)
+
+        return self.fromdatetime(current)
+
+    def to(self, tz: TZ_EXPR) -> "Arrow":
+        """Returns a new :class:`Arrow <arrow.arrow.Arrow>` object, converted
+        to the target timezone.
+
+        :param tz: A :ref:`timezone expression <tz-expr>`.
+
+        Usage::
+
+            >>> utc = arrow.utcnow()
+            >>> utc
+            <Arrow [2013-05-09T03:49:12.311072+00:00]>
+
+            >>> utc.to('US/Pacific')
+            <Arrow [2013-05-08T20:49:12.311072-07:00]>
+
+            >>> utc.to(tz.tzlocal())
+            <Arrow [2013-05-08T20:49:12.311072-07:00]>
+
+            >>> utc.to('-07:00')
+            <Arrow [2013-05-08T20:49:12.311072-07:00]>
+
+            >>> utc.to('local')
+            <Arrow [2013-05-08T20:49:12.311072-07:00]>
+
+            >>> utc.to('local').to('utc')
+            <Arrow [2013-05-09T03:49:12.311072+00:00]>
+
+        """
+
+        if not isinstance(tz, dt_tzinfo):
+            tz = parser.TzinfoParser.parse(tz)
+
+        dt = self._datetime.astimezone(tz)
+
+        return self.__class__(
+            dt.year,
+            dt.month,
+            dt.day,
+            dt.hour,
+            dt.minute,
+            dt.second,
+            dt.microsecond,
+            dt.tzinfo,
+            fold=getattr(dt, "fold", 0),
+        )
+
+    # string output and formatting
+
+    def format(
+        self, fmt: str = "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ssZZ", locale: str = DEFAULT_LOCALE
+    ) -> str:
+        """Returns a string representation of the :class:`Arrow <arrow.arrow.Arrow>` object,
+        formatted according to the provided format string.
+
+        :param fmt: the format string.
+        :param locale: the locale to format.
+
+        Usage::
+
+            >>> arrow.utcnow().format('YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss ZZ')
+            '2013-05-09 03:56:47 -00:00'
+
+            >>> arrow.utcnow().format('X')
+            '1368071882'
+
+            >>> arrow.utcnow().format('MMMM DD, YYYY')
+            'May 09, 2013'
+
+            >>> arrow.utcnow().format()
+            '2013-05-09 03:56:47 -00:00'
+
+        """
+
+        return formatter.DateTimeFormatter(locale).format(self._datetime, fmt)
+
+    def humanize(
+        self,
+        other: Union["Arrow", dt_datetime, None] = None,
+        locale: str = DEFAULT_LOCALE,
+        only_distance: bool = False,
+        granularity: Union[_GRANULARITY, List[_GRANULARITY]] = "auto",
+    ) -> str:
+        """Returns a localized, humanized representation of a relative difference in time.
+
+        :param other: (optional) an :class:`Arrow <arrow.arrow.Arrow>` or ``datetime`` object.
+            Defaults to now in the current :class:`Arrow <arrow.arrow.Arrow>` object's timezone.
+        :param locale: (optional) a ``str`` specifying a locale.  Defaults to 'en-us'.
+        :param only_distance: (optional) returns only time difference eg: "11 seconds" without "in" or "ago" part.
+        :param granularity: (optional) defines the precision of the output. Set it to strings 'second', 'minute',
+                           'hour', 'day', 'week', 'month' or 'year' or a list of any combination of these strings
+
+        Usage::
+
+            >>> earlier = arrow.utcnow().shift(hours=-2)
+            >>> earlier.humanize()
+            '2 hours ago'
+
+            >>> later = earlier.shift(hours=4)
+            >>> later.humanize(earlier)
+            'in 4 hours'
+
+        """
+
+        locale_name = locale
+        locale = locales.get_locale(locale)
+
+        if other is None:
+            utc = dt_datetime.utcnow().replace(tzinfo=dateutil_tz.tzutc())
+            dt = utc.astimezone(self._datetime.tzinfo)
+
+        elif isinstance(other, Arrow):
+            dt = other._datetime
+
+        elif isinstance(other, dt_datetime):
+            if other.tzinfo is None:
+                dt = other.replace(tzinfo=self._datetime.tzinfo)
+            else:
+                dt = other.astimezone(self._datetime.tzinfo)
+
+        else:
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"Invalid 'other' argument of type {type(other).__name__!r}. "
+                "Argument must be of type None, Arrow, or datetime."
+            )
+
+        if isinstance(granularity, list) and len(granularity) == 1:
+            granularity = granularity[0]
+
+        _delta = int(round((self._datetime - dt).total_seconds()))
+        sign = -1 if _delta < 0 else 1
+        delta_second = diff = abs(_delta)
+
+        try:
+            if granularity == "auto":
+                if diff < 10:
+                    return locale.describe("now", only_distance=only_distance)
+
+                if diff < self._SECS_PER_MINUTE:
+                    seconds = sign * delta_second
+                    return locale.describe(
+                        "seconds", seconds, only_distance=only_distance
+                    )
+
+                elif diff < self._SECS_PER_MINUTE * 2:
+                    return locale.describe("minute", sign, only_distance=only_distance)
+                elif diff < self._SECS_PER_HOUR:
+                    minutes = sign * max(delta_second // self._SECS_PER_MINUTE, 2)
+                    return locale.describe(
+                        "minutes", minutes, only_distance=only_distance
+                    )
+
+                elif diff < self._SECS_PER_HOUR * 2:
+                    return locale.describe("hour", sign, only_distance=only_distance)
+                elif diff < self._SECS_PER_DAY:
+                    hours = sign * max(delta_second // self._SECS_PER_HOUR, 2)
+                    return locale.describe("hours", hours, only_distance=only_distance)
+                elif diff < self._SECS_PER_DAY * 2:
+                    return locale.describe("day", sign, only_distance=only_distance)
+                elif diff < self._SECS_PER_WEEK:
+                    days = sign * max(delta_second // self._SECS_PER_DAY, 2)
+                    return locale.describe("days", days, only_distance=only_distance)
+
+                elif diff < self._SECS_PER_WEEK * 2:
+                    return locale.describe("week", sign, only_distance=only_distance)
+                elif diff < self._SECS_PER_MONTH:
+                    weeks = sign * max(delta_second // self._SECS_PER_WEEK, 2)
+                    return locale.describe("weeks", weeks, only_distance=only_distance)
+
+                elif diff < self._SECS_PER_MONTH * 2:
+                    return locale.describe("month", sign, only_distance=only_distance)
+                elif diff < self._SECS_PER_YEAR:
+                    # TODO revisit for humanization during leap years
+                    self_months = self._datetime.year * 12 + self._datetime.month
+                    other_months = dt.year * 12 + dt.month
+
+                    months = sign * max(abs(other_months - self_months), 2)
+
+                    return locale.describe(
+                        "months", months, only_distance=only_distance
+                    )
+
+                elif diff < self._SECS_PER_YEAR * 2:
+                    return locale.describe("year", sign, only_distance=only_distance)
+                else:
+                    years = sign * max(delta_second // self._SECS_PER_YEAR, 2)
+                    return locale.describe("years", years, only_distance=only_distance)
+
+            elif isinstance(granularity, str):
+                granularity = cast(TimeFrameLiteral, granularity)  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+                if granularity == "second":
+                    delta = sign * float(delta_second)
+                    if abs(delta) < 2:
+                        return locale.describe("now", only_distance=only_distance)
+                elif granularity == "minute":
+                    delta = sign * delta_second / self._SECS_PER_MINUTE
+                elif granularity == "hour":
+                    delta = sign * delta_second / self._SECS_PER_HOUR
+                elif granularity == "day":
+                    delta = sign * delta_second / self._SECS_PER_DAY
+                elif granularity == "week":
+                    delta = sign * delta_second / self._SECS_PER_WEEK
+                elif granularity == "month":
+                    delta = sign * delta_second / self._SECS_PER_MONTH
+                elif granularity == "quarter":
+                    delta = sign * delta_second / self._SECS_PER_QUARTER
+                elif granularity == "year":
+                    delta = sign * delta_second / self._SECS_PER_YEAR
+                else:
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        "Invalid level of granularity. "
+                        "Please select between 'second', 'minute', 'hour', 'day', 'week', 'month', 'quarter' or 'year'."
+                    )
+
+                if trunc(abs(delta)) != 1:
+                    granularity += "s"  # type: ignore
+                return locale.describe(granularity, delta, only_distance=only_distance)
+
+            else:
+
+                if not granularity:
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        "Empty granularity list provided. "
+                        "Please select one or more from 'second', 'minute', 'hour', 'day', 'week', 'month', 'quarter', 'year'."
+                    )
+
+                timeframes: List[Tuple[TimeFrameLiteral, float]] = []
+
+                def gather_timeframes(_delta: float, _frame: TimeFrameLiteral) -> float:
+                    if _frame in granularity:
+                        value = sign * _delta / self._SECS_MAP[_frame]
+                        _delta %= self._SECS_MAP[_frame]
+                        if trunc(abs(value)) != 1:
+                            timeframes.append(
+                                (cast(TimeFrameLiteral, _frame + "s"), value)
+                            )
+                        else:
+                            timeframes.append((_frame, value))
+                    return _delta
+
+                delta = float(delta_second)
+                frames: Tuple[TimeFrameLiteral, ...] = (
+                    "year",
+                    "quarter",
+                    "month",
+                    "week",
+                    "day",
+                    "hour",
+                    "minute",
+                    "second",
+                )
+                for frame in frames:
+                    delta = gather_timeframes(delta, frame)
+
+                if len(timeframes) < len(granularity):
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        "Invalid level of granularity. "
+                        "Please select between 'second', 'minute', 'hour', 'day', 'week', 'month', 'quarter' or 'year'."
+                    )
+
+                return locale.describe_multi(timeframes, only_distance=only_distance)
+
+        except KeyError as e:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Humanization of the {e} granularity is not currently translated in the {locale_name!r} locale. "
+                "Please consider making a contribution to this locale."
+            )
+
+    def dehumanize(self, input_string: str, locale: str = "en_us") -> "Arrow":
+        """Returns a new :class:`Arrow <arrow.arrow.Arrow>` object, that represents
+        the time difference relative to the attrbiutes of the
+        :class:`Arrow <arrow.arrow.Arrow>` object.
+
+        :param timestring: a ``str`` representing a humanized relative time.
+        :param locale: (optional) a ``str`` specifying a locale.  Defaults to 'en-us'.
+
+        Usage::
+
+                >>> arw = arrow.utcnow()
+                >>> arw
+                <Arrow [2021-04-20T22:27:34.787885+00:00]>
+                >>> earlier = arw.dehumanize("2 days ago")
+                >>> earlier
+                <Arrow [2021-04-18T22:27:34.787885+00:00]>
+
+                >>> arw = arrow.utcnow()
+                >>> arw
+                <Arrow [2021-04-20T22:27:34.787885+00:00]>
+                >>> later = arw.dehumanize("in a month")
+                >>> later
+                <Arrow [2021-05-18T22:27:34.787885+00:00]>
+
+        """
+
+        # Create a locale object based off given local
+        locale_obj = locales.get_locale(locale)
+
+        # Check to see if locale is supported
+        normalized_locale_name = locale.lower().replace("_", "-")
+
+        if normalized_locale_name not in DEHUMANIZE_LOCALES:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Dehumanize does not currently support the {locale} locale, please consider making a contribution to add support for this locale."
+            )
+
+        current_time = self.fromdatetime(self._datetime)
+
+        # Create an object containing the relative time info
+        time_object_info = dict.fromkeys(
+            ["seconds", "minutes", "hours", "days", "weeks", "months", "years"], 0
+        )
+
+        # Create an object representing if unit has been seen
+        unit_visited = dict.fromkeys(
+            ["now", "seconds", "minutes", "hours", "days", "weeks", "months", "years"],
+            False,
+        )
+
+        # Create a regex pattern object for numbers
+        num_pattern = re.compile(r"\d+")
+
+        # Search input string for each time unit within locale
+        for unit, unit_object in locale_obj.timeframes.items():
+
+            # Need to check the type of unit_object to create the correct dictionary
+            if isinstance(unit_object, Mapping):
+                strings_to_search = unit_object
+            else:
+                strings_to_search = {unit: str(unit_object)}
+
+            # Search for any matches that exist for that locale's unit.
+            # Needs to cycle all through strings as some locales have strings that
+            # could overlap in a regex match, since input validation isn't being performed.
+            for time_delta, time_string in strings_to_search.items():
+
+                # Replace {0} with regex \d representing digits
+                search_string = str(time_string)
+                search_string = search_string.format(r"\d+")
+
+                # Create search pattern and find within string
+                pattern = re.compile(rf"(^|\b|\d){search_string}")
+                match = pattern.search(input_string)
+
+                # If there is no match continue to next iteration
+                if not match:
+                    continue
+
+                match_string = match.group()
+                num_match = num_pattern.search(match_string)
+
+                # If no number matches
+                # Need for absolute value as some locales have signs included in their objects
+                if not num_match:
+                    change_value = (
+                        1 if not time_delta.isnumeric() else abs(int(time_delta))
+                    )
+                else:
+                    change_value = int(num_match.group())
+
+                # No time to update if now is the unit
+                if unit == "now":
+                    unit_visited[unit] = True
+                    continue
+
+                # Add change value to the correct unit (incorporates the plurality that exists within timeframe i.e second v.s seconds)
+                time_unit_to_change = str(unit)
+                time_unit_to_change += (
+                    "s" if (str(time_unit_to_change)[-1] != "s") else ""
+                )
+                time_object_info[time_unit_to_change] = change_value
+                unit_visited[time_unit_to_change] = True
+
+        # Assert error if string does not modify any units
+        if not any([True for k, v in unit_visited.items() if v]):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Input string not valid. Note: Some locales do not support the week granulairty in Arrow. "
+                "If you are attempting to use the week granularity on an unsupported locale, this could be the cause of this error."
+            )
+
+        # Sign logic
+        future_string = locale_obj.future
+        future_string = future_string.format(".*")
+        future_pattern = re.compile(rf"^{future_string}$")
+        future_pattern_match = future_pattern.findall(input_string)
+
+        past_string = locale_obj.past
+        past_string = past_string.format(".*")
+        past_pattern = re.compile(rf"^{past_string}$")
+        past_pattern_match = past_pattern.findall(input_string)
+
+        # If a string contains the now unit, there will be no relative units, hence the need to check if the now unit
+        # was visited before raising a ValueError
+        if past_pattern_match:
+            sign_val = -1
+        elif future_pattern_match:
+            sign_val = 1
+        elif unit_visited["now"]:
+            sign_val = 0
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Invalid input String. String does not contain any relative time information. "
+                "String should either represent a time in the future or a time in the past. "
+                "Ex: 'in 5 seconds' or '5 seconds ago'."
+            )
+
+        time_changes = {k: sign_val * v for k, v in time_object_info.items()}
+
+        return current_time.shift(**time_changes)
+
+    # query functions
+
+    def is_between(
+        self,
+        start: "Arrow",
+        end: "Arrow",
+        bounds: _BOUNDS = "()",
+    ) -> bool:
+        """Returns a boolean denoting whether the :class:`Arrow <arrow.arrow.Arrow>` object is between
+        the start and end limits.
+
+        :param start: an :class:`Arrow <arrow.arrow.Arrow>` object.
+        :param end: an :class:`Arrow <arrow.arrow.Arrow>` object.
+        :param bounds: (optional) a ``str`` of either '()', '(]', '[)', or '[]' that specifies
+            whether to include or exclude the start and end values in the range. '(' excludes
+            the start, '[' includes the start, ')' excludes the end, and ']' includes the end.
+            If the bounds are not specified, the default bound '()' is used.
+
+        Usage::
+
+            >>> start = arrow.get(datetime(2013, 5, 5, 12, 30, 10))
+            >>> end = arrow.get(datetime(2013, 5, 5, 12, 30, 36))
+            >>> arrow.get(datetime(2013, 5, 5, 12, 30, 27)).is_between(start, end)
+            True
+
+            >>> start = arrow.get(datetime(2013, 5, 5))
+            >>> end = arrow.get(datetime(2013, 5, 8))
+            >>> arrow.get(datetime(2013, 5, 8)).is_between(start, end, '[]')
+            True
+
+            >>> start = arrow.get(datetime(2013, 5, 5))
+            >>> end = arrow.get(datetime(2013, 5, 8))
+            >>> arrow.get(datetime(2013, 5, 8)).is_between(start, end, '[)')
+            False
+
+        """
+
+        util.validate_bounds(bounds)
+
+        if not isinstance(start, Arrow):
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"Cannot parse start date argument type of {type(start)!r}."
+            )
+
+        if not isinstance(end, Arrow):
+            raise TypeError(f"Cannot parse end date argument type of {type(start)!r}.")
+
+        include_start = bounds[0] == "["
+        include_end = bounds[1] == "]"
+
+        target_ts = self.float_timestamp
+        start_ts = start.float_timestamp
+        end_ts = end.float_timestamp
+
+        return (
+            (start_ts <= target_ts <= end_ts)
+            and (include_start or start_ts < target_ts)
+            and (include_end or target_ts < end_ts)
+        )
+
+    # datetime methods
+
+    def date(self) -> date:
+        """Returns a ``date`` object with the same year, month and day.
+
+        Usage::
+
+            >>> arrow.utcnow().date()
+            datetime.date(2019, 1, 23)
+
+        """
+
+        return self._datetime.date()
+
+    def time(self) -> dt_time:
+        """Returns a ``time`` object with the same hour, minute, second, microsecond.
+
+        Usage::
+
+            >>> arrow.utcnow().time()
+            datetime.time(12, 15, 34, 68352)
+
+        """
+
+        return self._datetime.time()
+
+    def timetz(self) -> dt_time:
+        """Returns a ``time`` object with the same hour, minute, second, microsecond and
+        tzinfo.
+
+        Usage::
+
+            >>> arrow.utcnow().timetz()
+            datetime.time(12, 5, 18, 298893, tzinfo=tzutc())
+
+        """
+
+        return self._datetime.timetz()
+
+    def astimezone(self, tz: Optional[dt_tzinfo]) -> dt_datetime:
+        """Returns a ``datetime`` object, converted to the specified timezone.
+
+        :param tz: a ``tzinfo`` object.
+
+        Usage::
+
+            >>> pacific=arrow.now('US/Pacific')
+            >>> nyc=arrow.now('America/New_York').tzinfo
+            >>> pacific.astimezone(nyc)
+            datetime.datetime(2019, 1, 20, 10, 24, 22, 328172, tzinfo=tzfile('/usr/share/zoneinfo/America/New_York'))
+
+        """
+
+        return self._datetime.astimezone(tz)
+
+    def utcoffset(self) -> Optional[timedelta]:
+        """Returns a ``timedelta`` object representing the whole number of minutes difference from
+        UTC time.
+
+        Usage::
+
+            >>> arrow.now('US/Pacific').utcoffset()
+            datetime.timedelta(-1, 57600)
+
+        """
+
+        return self._datetime.utcoffset()
+
+    def dst(self) -> Optional[timedelta]:
+        """Returns the daylight savings time adjustment.
+
+        Usage::
+
+            >>> arrow.utcnow().dst()
+            datetime.timedelta(0)
+
+        """
+
+        return self._datetime.dst()
+
+    def timetuple(self) -> struct_time:
+        """Returns a ``time.struct_time``, in the current timezone.
+
+        Usage::
+
+            >>> arrow.utcnow().timetuple()
+            time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=1, tm_mday=20, tm_hour=15, tm_min=17, tm_sec=8, tm_wday=6, tm_yday=20, tm_isdst=0)
+
+        """
+
+        return self._datetime.timetuple()
+
+    def utctimetuple(self) -> struct_time:
+        """Returns a ``time.struct_time``, in UTC time.
+
+        Usage::
+
+            >>> arrow.utcnow().utctimetuple()
+            time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=1, tm_mday=19, tm_hour=21, tm_min=41, tm_sec=7, tm_wday=5, tm_yday=19, tm_isdst=0)
+
+        """
+
+        return self._datetime.utctimetuple()
+
+    def toordinal(self) -> int:
+        """Returns the proleptic Gregorian ordinal of the date.
+
+        Usage::
+
+            >>> arrow.utcnow().toordinal()
+            737078
+
+        """
+
+        return self._datetime.toordinal()
+
+    def weekday(self) -> int:
+        """Returns the day of the week as an integer (0-6).
+
+        Usage::
+
+            >>> arrow.utcnow().weekday()
+            5
+
+        """
+
+        return self._datetime.weekday()
+
+    def isoweekday(self) -> int:
+        """Returns the ISO day of the week as an integer (1-7).
+
+        Usage::
+
+            >>> arrow.utcnow().isoweekday()
+            6
+
+        """
+
+        return self._datetime.isoweekday()
+
+    def isocalendar(self) -> Tuple[int, int, int]:
+        """Returns a 3-tuple, (ISO year, ISO week number, ISO weekday).
+
+        Usage::
+
+            >>> arrow.utcnow().isocalendar()
+            (2019, 3, 6)
+
+        """
+
+        return self._datetime.isocalendar()
+
+    def isoformat(self, sep: str = "T", timespec: str = "auto") -> str:
+        """Returns an ISO 8601 formatted representation of the date and time.
+
+        Usage::
+
+            >>> arrow.utcnow().isoformat()
+            '2019-01-19T18:30:52.442118+00:00'
+
+        """
+
+        return self._datetime.isoformat(sep, timespec)
+
+    def ctime(self) -> str:
+        """Returns a ctime formatted representation of the date and time.
+
+        Usage::
+
+            >>> arrow.utcnow().ctime()
+            'Sat Jan 19 18:26:50 2019'
+
+        """
+
+        return self._datetime.ctime()
+
+    def strftime(self, format: str) -> str:
+        """Formats in the style of ``datetime.strftime``.
+
+        :param format: the format string.
+
+        Usage::
+
+            >>> arrow.utcnow().strftime('%d-%m-%Y %H:%M:%S')
+            '23-01-2019 12:28:17'
+
+        """
+
+        return self._datetime.strftime(format)
+
+    def for_json(self) -> str:
+        """Serializes for the ``for_json`` protocol of simplejson.
+
+        Usage::
+
+            >>> arrow.utcnow().for_json()
+            '2019-01-19T18:25:36.760079+00:00'
+
+        """
+
+        return self.isoformat()
+
+    # math
+
+    def __add__(self, other: Any) -> "Arrow":
+
+        if isinstance(other, (timedelta, relativedelta)):
+            return self.fromdatetime(self._datetime + other, self._datetime.tzinfo)
+
+        return NotImplemented
+
+    def __radd__(self, other: Union[timedelta, relativedelta]) -> "Arrow":
+        return self.__add__(other)
+
+    @overload
+    def __sub__(self, other: Union[timedelta, relativedelta]) -> "Arrow":
+        pass  # pragma: no cover
+
+    @overload
+    def __sub__(self, other: Union[dt_datetime, "Arrow"]) -> timedelta:
+        pass  # pragma: no cover
+
+    def __sub__(self, other: Any) -> Union[timedelta, "Arrow"]:
+
+        if isinstance(other, (timedelta, relativedelta)):
+            return self.fromdatetime(self._datetime - other, self._datetime.tzinfo)
+
+        elif isinstance(other, dt_datetime):
+            return self._datetime - other
+
+        elif isinstance(other, Arrow):
+            return self._datetime - other._datetime
+
+        return NotImplemented
+
+    def __rsub__(self, other: Any) -> timedelta:
+
+        if isinstance(other, dt_datetime):
+            return other - self._datetime
+
+        return NotImplemented
+
+    # comparisons
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+
+        if not isinstance(other, (Arrow, dt_datetime)):
+            return False
+
+        return self._datetime == self._get_datetime(other)
+
+    def __ne__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+
+        if not isinstance(other, (Arrow, dt_datetime)):
+            return True
+
+        return not self.__eq__(other)
+
+    def __gt__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+
+        if not isinstance(other, (Arrow, dt_datetime)):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self._datetime > self._get_datetime(other)
+
+    def __ge__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+
+        if not isinstance(other, (Arrow, dt_datetime)):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self._datetime >= self._get_datetime(other)
+
+    def __lt__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+
+        if not isinstance(other, (Arrow, dt_datetime)):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self._datetime < self._get_datetime(other)
+
+    def __le__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+
+        if not isinstance(other, (Arrow, dt_datetime)):
+            return NotImplemented
+
+        return self._datetime <= self._get_datetime(other)
+
+    # internal methods
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_tzinfo(tz_expr: Optional[TZ_EXPR]) -> dt_tzinfo:
+        """Get normalized tzinfo object from various inputs."""
+        if tz_expr is None:
+            return dateutil_tz.tzutc()
+        if isinstance(tz_expr, dt_tzinfo):
+            return tz_expr
+        else:
+            try:
+                return parser.TzinfoParser.parse(tz_expr)
+            except parser.ParserError:
+                raise ValueError(f"{tz_expr!r} not recognized as a timezone.")
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _get_datetime(
+        cls, expr: Union["Arrow", dt_datetime, int, float, str]
+    ) -> dt_datetime:
+        """Get datetime object from a specified expression."""
+        if isinstance(expr, Arrow):
+            return expr.datetime
+        elif isinstance(expr, dt_datetime):
+            return expr
+        elif util.is_timestamp(expr):
+            timestamp = float(expr)
+            return cls.utcfromtimestamp(timestamp).datetime
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(f"{expr!r} not recognized as a datetime or timestamp.")
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _get_frames(cls, name: _T_FRAMES) -> Tuple[str, str, int]:
+        """Finds relevant timeframe and steps for use in range and span methods.
+
+        Returns a 3 element tuple in the form (frame, plural frame, step), for example ("day", "days", 1)
+
+        """
+        if name in cls._ATTRS:
+            return name, f"{name}s", 1
+        elif name[-1] == "s" and name[:-1] in cls._ATTRS:
+            return name[:-1], name, 1
+        elif name in ["week", "weeks"]:
+            return "week", "weeks", 1
+        elif name in ["quarter", "quarters"]:
+            return "quarter", "months", 3
+        else:
+            supported = ", ".join(
+                [
+                    "year(s)",
+                    "month(s)",
+                    "day(s)",
+                    "hour(s)",
+                    "minute(s)",
+                    "second(s)",
+                    "microsecond(s)",
+                    "week(s)",
+                    "quarter(s)",
+                ]
+            )
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Range or span over frame {name} not supported. Supported frames: {supported}."
+            )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _get_iteration_params(cls, end: Any, limit: Optional[int]) -> Tuple[Any, int]:
+        """Sets default end and limit values for range method."""
+        if end is None:
+
+            if limit is None:
+                raise ValueError("One of 'end' or 'limit' is required.")
+
+            return cls.max, limit
+
+        else:
+            if limit is None:
+                return end, sys.maxsize
+            return end, limit
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _is_last_day_of_month(date: "Arrow") -> bool:
+        """Returns a boolean indicating whether the datetime is the last day of the month."""
+        return date.day == calendar.monthrange(date.year, date.month)[1]
+
+
+Arrow.min = Arrow.fromdatetime(dt_datetime.min)
+Arrow.max = Arrow.fromdatetime(dt_datetime.max)
diff --git a/third_party/python/arrow/arrow/constants.py b/third_party/python/arrow/arrow/constants.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..53d163b999
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/python/arrow/arrow/constants.py
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+"""Constants used internally in arrow."""
+
+import sys
+from datetime import datetime
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 8):  # pragma: no cover
+    from typing_extensions import Final
+else:
+    from typing import Final  # pragma: no cover
+
+# datetime.max.timestamp() errors on Windows, so we must hardcode
+# the highest possible datetime value that can output a timestamp.
+# tl;dr platform-independent max timestamps are hard to form
+# See: https://stackoverflow.com/q/46133223
+try:
+    # Get max timestamp. Works on POSIX-based systems like Linux and macOS,
+    # but will trigger an OverflowError, ValueError, or OSError on Windows
+    _MAX_TIMESTAMP = datetime.max.timestamp()
+except (OverflowError, ValueError, OSError):  # pragma: no cover
+    # Fallback for Windows and 32-bit systems if initial max timestamp call fails
+    # Must get max value of ctime on Windows based on architecture (x32 vs x64)
+    # https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/c-runtime-library/reference/ctime-ctime32-ctime64-wctime-wctime32-wctime64
+    # Note: this may occur on both 32-bit Linux systems (issue #930) along with Windows systems
+    is_64bits = sys.maxsize > 2**32
+    _MAX_TIMESTAMP = (
+        datetime(3000, 1, 1, 23, 59, 59, 999999).timestamp()
+        if is_64bits
+        else datetime(2038, 1, 1, 23, 59, 59, 999999).timestamp()
+    )
+
+MAX_TIMESTAMP: Final[float] = _MAX_TIMESTAMP
+MAX_TIMESTAMP_MS: Final[float] = MAX_TIMESTAMP * 1000
+MAX_TIMESTAMP_US: Final[float] = MAX_TIMESTAMP * 1_000_000
+
+MAX_ORDINAL: Final[int] = datetime.max.toordinal()
+MIN_ORDINAL: Final[int] = 1
+
+DEFAULT_LOCALE: Final[str] = "en-us"
+
+# Supported dehumanize locales
+DEHUMANIZE_LOCALES = {
+    "en",
+    "en-us",
+    "en-gb",
+    "en-au",
+    "en-be",
+    "en-jp",
+    "en-za",
+    "en-ca",
+    "en-ph",
+    "fr",
+    "fr-fr",
+    "fr-ca",
+    "it",
+    "it-it",
+    "es",
+    "es-es",
+    "el",
+    "el-gr",
+    "ja",
+    "ja-jp",
+    "se",
+    "se-fi",
+    "se-no",
+    "se-se",
+    "sv",
+    "sv-se",
+    "fi",
+    "fi-fi",
+    "zh",
+    "zh-cn",
+    "zh-tw",
+    "zh-hk",
+    "nl",
+    "nl-nl",
+    "be",
+    "be-by",
+    "pl",
+    "pl-pl",
+    "ru",
+    "ru-ru",
+    "af",
+    "bg",
+    "bg-bg",
+    "ua",
+    "uk",
+    "uk-ua",
+    "mk",
+    "mk-mk",
+    "de",
+    "de-de",
+    "de-ch",
+    "de-at",
+    "nb",
+    "nb-no",
+    "nn",
+    "nn-no",
+    "pt",
+    "pt-pt",
+    "pt-br",
+    "tl",
+    "tl-ph",
+    "vi",
+    "vi-vn",
+    "tr",
+    "tr-tr",
+    "az",
+    "az-az",
+    "da",
+    "da-dk",
+    "ml",
+    "hi",
+    "cs",
+    "cs-cz",
+    "sk",
+    "sk-sk",
+    "fa",
+    "fa-ir",
+    "mr",
+    "ca",
+    "ca-es",
+    "ca-ad",
+    "ca-fr",
+    "ca-it",
+    "eo",
+    "eo-xx",
+    "bn",
+    "bn-bd",
+    "bn-in",
+    "rm",
+    "rm-ch",
+    "ro",
+    "ro-ro",
+    "sl",
+    "sl-si",
+    "id",
+    "id-id",
+    "ne",
+    "ne-np",
+    "ee",
+    "et",
+    "sw",
+    "sw-ke",
+    "sw-tz",
+    "la",
+    "la-va",
+    "lt",
+    "lt-lt",
+    "ms",
+    "ms-my",
+    "ms-bn",
+    "or",
+    "or-in",
+    "lb",
+    "lb-lu",
+    "zu",
+    "zu-za",
+    "sq",
+    "sq-al",
+    "ta",
+    "ta-in",
+    "ta-lk",
+    "ur",
+    "ur-pk",
+    "ka",
+    "ka-ge",
+    "kk",
+    "kk-kz",
+    # "lo",
+    # "lo-la",
+    "am",
+    "am-et",
+    "hy-am",
+    "hy",
+    "uz",
+    "uz-uz",
+}
diff --git a/third_party/python/arrow/arrow/factory.py b/third_party/python/arrow/arrow/factory.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aad4af8bde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/python/arrow/arrow/factory.py
@@ -0,0 +1,348 @@
+"""
+Implements the :class:`ArrowFactory <arrow.factory.ArrowFactory>` class,
+providing factory methods for common :class:`Arrow <arrow.arrow.Arrow>`
+construction scenarios.
+
+"""
+
+
+import calendar
+from datetime import date, datetime
+from datetime import tzinfo as dt_tzinfo
+from decimal import Decimal
+from time import struct_time
+from typing import Any, List, Optional, Tuple, Type, Union, overload
+
+from dateutil import tz as dateutil_tz
+
+from arrow import parser
+from arrow.arrow import TZ_EXPR, Arrow
+from arrow.constants import DEFAULT_LOCALE
+from arrow.util import is_timestamp, iso_to_gregorian
+
+
+class ArrowFactory:
+    """A factory for generating :class:`Arrow <arrow.arrow.Arrow>` objects.
+
+    :param type: (optional) the :class:`Arrow <arrow.arrow.Arrow>`-based class to construct from.
+        Defaults to :class:`Arrow <arrow.arrow.Arrow>`.
+
+    """
+
+    type: Type[Arrow]
+
+    def __init__(self, type: Type[Arrow] = Arrow) -> None:
+        self.type = type
+
+    @overload
+    def get(
+        self,
+        *,
+        locale: str = DEFAULT_LOCALE,
+        tzinfo: Optional[TZ_EXPR] = None,
+        normalize_whitespace: bool = False,
+    ) -> Arrow:
+        ...  # pragma: no cover
+
+    @overload
+    def get(
+        self,
+        __obj: Union[
+            Arrow,
+            datetime,
+            date,
+            struct_time,
+            dt_tzinfo,
+            int,
+            float,
+            str,
+            Tuple[int, int, int],
+        ],
+        *,
+        locale: str = DEFAULT_LOCALE,
+        tzinfo: Optional[TZ_EXPR] = None,
+        normalize_whitespace: bool = False,
+    ) -> Arrow:
+        ...  # pragma: no cover
+
+    @overload
+    def get(
+        self,
+        __arg1: Union[datetime, date],
+        __arg2: TZ_EXPR,
+        *,
+        locale: str = DEFAULT_LOCALE,
+        tzinfo: Optional[TZ_EXPR] = None,
+        normalize_whitespace: bool = False,
+    ) -> Arrow:
+        ...  # pragma: no cover
+
+    @overload
+    def get(
+        self,
+        __arg1: str,
+        __arg2: Union[str, List[str]],
+        *,
+        locale: str = DEFAULT_LOCALE,
+        tzinfo: Optional[TZ_EXPR] = None,
+        normalize_whitespace: bool = False,
+    ) -> Arrow:
+        ...  # pragma: no cover
+
+    def get(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Arrow:
+        """Returns an :class:`Arrow <arrow.arrow.Arrow>` object based on flexible inputs.
+
+        :param locale: (optional) a ``str`` specifying a locale for the parser. Defaults to 'en-us'.
+        :param tzinfo: (optional) a :ref:`timezone expression <tz-expr>` or tzinfo object.
+            Replaces the timezone unless using an input form that is explicitly UTC or specifies
+            the timezone in a positional argument. Defaults to UTC.
+        :param normalize_whitespace: (optional) a ``bool`` specifying whether or not to normalize
+            redundant whitespace (spaces, tabs, and newlines) in a datetime string before parsing.
+            Defaults to false.
+
+        Usage::
+
+            >>> import arrow
+
+        **No inputs** to get current UTC time::
+
+            >>> arrow.get()
+            <Arrow [2013-05-08T05:51:43.316458+00:00]>
+
+        **One** :class:`Arrow <arrow.arrow.Arrow>` object, to get a copy.
+
+            >>> arw = arrow.utcnow()
+            >>> arrow.get(arw)
+            <Arrow [2013-10-23T15:21:54.354846+00:00]>
+
+        **One** ``float`` or ``int``, convertible to a floating-point timestamp, to get
+        that timestamp in UTC::
+
+            >>> arrow.get(1367992474.293378)
+            <Arrow [2013-05-08T05:54:34.293378+00:00]>
+
+            >>> arrow.get(1367992474)
+            <Arrow [2013-05-08T05:54:34+00:00]>
+
+        **One** ISO 8601-formatted ``str``, to parse it::
+
+            >>> arrow.get('2013-09-29T01:26:43.830580')
+            <Arrow [2013-09-29T01:26:43.830580+00:00]>
+
+        **One** ISO 8601-formatted ``str``, in basic format, to parse it::
+
+            >>> arrow.get('20160413T133656.456289')
+            <Arrow [2016-04-13T13:36:56.456289+00:00]>
+
+        **One** ``tzinfo``, to get the current time **converted** to that timezone::
+
+            >>> arrow.get(tz.tzlocal())
+            <Arrow [2013-05-07T22:57:28.484717-07:00]>
+
+        **One** naive ``datetime``, to get that datetime in UTC::
+
+            >>> arrow.get(datetime(2013, 5, 5))
+            <Arrow [2013-05-05T00:00:00+00:00]>
+
+        **One** aware ``datetime``, to get that datetime::
+
+            >>> arrow.get(datetime(2013, 5, 5, tzinfo=tz.tzlocal()))
+            <Arrow [2013-05-05T00:00:00-07:00]>
+
+        **One** naive ``date``, to get that date in UTC::
+
+            >>> arrow.get(date(2013, 5, 5))
+            <Arrow [2013-05-05T00:00:00+00:00]>
+
+        **One** time.struct time::
+
+            >>> arrow.get(gmtime(0))
+            <Arrow [1970-01-01T00:00:00+00:00]>
+
+        **One** iso calendar ``tuple``, to get that week date in UTC::
+
+            >>> arrow.get((2013, 18, 7))
+            <Arrow [2013-05-05T00:00:00+00:00]>
+
+        **Two** arguments, a naive or aware ``datetime``, and a replacement
+        :ref:`timezone expression <tz-expr>`::
+
+            >>> arrow.get(datetime(2013, 5, 5), 'US/Pacific')
+            <Arrow [2013-05-05T00:00:00-07:00]>
+
+        **Two** arguments, a naive ``date``, and a replacement
+        :ref:`timezone expression <tz-expr>`::
+
+            >>> arrow.get(date(2013, 5, 5), 'US/Pacific')
+            <Arrow [2013-05-05T00:00:00-07:00]>
+
+        **Two** arguments, both ``str``, to parse the first according to the format of the second::
+
+            >>> arrow.get('2013-05-05 12:30:45 America/Chicago', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss ZZZ')
+            <Arrow [2013-05-05T12:30:45-05:00]>
+
+        **Two** arguments, first a ``str`` to parse and second a ``list`` of formats to try::
+
+            >>> arrow.get('2013-05-05 12:30:45', ['MM/DD/YYYY', 'YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss'])
+            <Arrow [2013-05-05T12:30:45+00:00]>
+
+        **Three or more** arguments, as for the direct constructor of an ``Arrow`` object::
+
+            >>> arrow.get(2013, 5, 5, 12, 30, 45)
+            <Arrow [2013-05-05T12:30:45+00:00]>
+
+        """
+
+        arg_count = len(args)
+        locale = kwargs.pop("locale", DEFAULT_LOCALE)
+        tz = kwargs.get("tzinfo", None)
+        normalize_whitespace = kwargs.pop("normalize_whitespace", False)
+
+        # if kwargs given, send to constructor unless only tzinfo provided
+        if len(kwargs) > 1:
+            arg_count = 3
+
+        # tzinfo kwarg is not provided
+        if len(kwargs) == 1 and tz is None:
+            arg_count = 3
+
+        # () -> now, @ tzinfo or utc
+        if arg_count == 0:
+            if isinstance(tz, str):
+                tz = parser.TzinfoParser.parse(tz)
+                return self.type.now(tzinfo=tz)
+
+            if isinstance(tz, dt_tzinfo):
+                return self.type.now(tzinfo=tz)
+
+            return self.type.utcnow()
+
+        if arg_count == 1:
+            arg = args[0]
+            if isinstance(arg, Decimal):
+                arg = float(arg)
+
+            # (None) -> raises an exception
+            if arg is None:
+                raise TypeError("Cannot parse argument of type None.")
+
+            # try (int, float) -> from timestamp @ tzinfo
+            elif not isinstance(arg, str) and is_timestamp(arg):
+                if tz is None:
+                    # set to UTC by default
+                    tz = dateutil_tz.tzutc()
+                return self.type.fromtimestamp(arg, tzinfo=tz)
+
+            # (Arrow) -> from the object's datetime @ tzinfo
+            elif isinstance(arg, Arrow):
+                return self.type.fromdatetime(arg.datetime, tzinfo=tz)
+
+            # (datetime) -> from datetime @ tzinfo
+            elif isinstance(arg, datetime):
+                return self.type.fromdatetime(arg, tzinfo=tz)
+
+            # (date) -> from date @ tzinfo
+            elif isinstance(arg, date):
+                return self.type.fromdate(arg, tzinfo=tz)
+
+            # (tzinfo) -> now @ tzinfo
+            elif isinstance(arg, dt_tzinfo):
+                return self.type.now(tzinfo=arg)
+
+            # (str) -> parse @ tzinfo
+            elif isinstance(arg, str):
+                dt = parser.DateTimeParser(locale).parse_iso(arg, normalize_whitespace)
+                return self.type.fromdatetime(dt, tzinfo=tz)
+
+            # (struct_time) -> from struct_time
+            elif isinstance(arg, struct_time):
+                return self.type.utcfromtimestamp(calendar.timegm(arg))
+
+            # (iso calendar) -> convert then from date @ tzinfo
+            elif isinstance(arg, tuple) and len(arg) == 3:
+                d = iso_to_gregorian(*arg)
+                return self.type.fromdate(d, tzinfo=tz)
+
+            else:
+                raise TypeError(f"Cannot parse single argument of type {type(arg)!r}.")
+
+        elif arg_count == 2:
+
+            arg_1, arg_2 = args[0], args[1]
+
+            if isinstance(arg_1, datetime):
+
+                # (datetime, tzinfo/str) -> fromdatetime @ tzinfo
+                if isinstance(arg_2, (dt_tzinfo, str)):
+                    return self.type.fromdatetime(arg_1, tzinfo=arg_2)
+                else:
+                    raise TypeError(
+                        f"Cannot parse two arguments of types 'datetime', {type(arg_2)!r}."
+                    )
+
+            elif isinstance(arg_1, date):
+
+                # (date, tzinfo/str) -> fromdate @ tzinfo
+                if isinstance(arg_2, (dt_tzinfo, str)):
+                    return self.type.fromdate(arg_1, tzinfo=arg_2)
+                else:
+                    raise TypeError(
+                        f"Cannot parse two arguments of types 'date', {type(arg_2)!r}."
+                    )
+
+            # (str, format) -> parse @ tzinfo
+            elif isinstance(arg_1, str) and isinstance(arg_2, (str, list)):
+                dt = parser.DateTimeParser(locale).parse(
+                    args[0], args[1], normalize_whitespace
+                )
+                return self.type.fromdatetime(dt, tzinfo=tz)
+
+            else:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    f"Cannot parse two arguments of types {type(arg_1)!r} and {type(arg_2)!r}."
+                )
+
+        # 3+ args -> datetime-like via constructor
+        else:
+            return self.type(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def utcnow(self) -> Arrow:
+        """Returns an :class:`Arrow <arrow.arrow.Arrow>` object, representing "now" in UTC time.
+
+        Usage::
+
+            >>> import arrow
+            >>> arrow.utcnow()
+            <Arrow [2013-05-08T05:19:07.018993+00:00]>
+        """
+
+        return self.type.utcnow()
+
+    def now(self, tz: Optional[TZ_EXPR] = None) -> Arrow:
+        """Returns an :class:`Arrow <arrow.arrow.Arrow>` object, representing "now" in the given
+        timezone.
+
+        :param tz: (optional) A :ref:`timezone expression <tz-expr>`.  Defaults to local time.
+
+        Usage::
+
+            >>> import arrow
+            >>> arrow.now()
+            <Arrow [2013-05-07T22:19:11.363410-07:00]>
+
+            >>> arrow.now('US/Pacific')
+            <Arrow [2013-05-07T22:19:15.251821-07:00]>
+
+            >>> arrow.now('+02:00')
+            <Arrow [2013-05-08T07:19:25.618646+02:00]>
+
+            >>> arrow.now('local')
+            <Arrow [2013-05-07T22:19:39.130059-07:00]>
+        """
+
+        if tz is None:
+            tz = dateutil_tz.tzlocal()
+        elif not isinstance(tz, dt_tzinfo):
+            tz = parser.TzinfoParser.parse(tz)
+
+        return self.type.now(tz)
diff --git a/third_party/python/arrow/arrow/formatter.py b/third_party/python/arrow/arrow/formatter.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..728bea1aaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/python/arrow/arrow/formatter.py
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+"""Provides the :class:`Arrow <arrow.formatter.DateTimeFormatter>` class, an improved formatter for datetimes."""
+
+import re
+import sys
+from datetime import datetime, timedelta
+from typing import Optional, Pattern, cast
+
+from dateutil import tz as dateutil_tz
+
+from arrow import locales
+from arrow.constants import DEFAULT_LOCALE
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 8):  # pragma: no cover
+    from typing_extensions import Final
+else:
+    from typing import Final  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+FORMAT_ATOM: Final[str] = "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ssZZ"
+FORMAT_COOKIE: Final[str] = "dddd, DD-MMM-YYYY HH:mm:ss ZZZ"
+FORMAT_RFC822: Final[str] = "ddd, DD MMM YY HH:mm:ss Z"
+FORMAT_RFC850: Final[str] = "dddd, DD-MMM-YY HH:mm:ss ZZZ"
+FORMAT_RFC1036: Final[str] = "ddd, DD MMM YY HH:mm:ss Z"
+FORMAT_RFC1123: Final[str] = "ddd, DD MMM YYYY HH:mm:ss Z"
+FORMAT_RFC2822: Final[str] = "ddd, DD MMM YYYY HH:mm:ss Z"
+FORMAT_RFC3339: Final[str] = "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ssZZ"
+FORMAT_RSS: Final[str] = "ddd, DD MMM YYYY HH:mm:ss Z"
+FORMAT_W3C: Final[str] = "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ssZZ"
+
+
+class DateTimeFormatter:
+
+    # This pattern matches characters enclosed in square brackets are matched as
+    # an atomic group. For more info on atomic groups and how to they are
+    # emulated in Python's re library, see https://stackoverflow.com/a/13577411/2701578
+
+    _FORMAT_RE: Final[Pattern[str]] = re.compile(
+        r"(\[(?:(?=(?P<literal>[^]]))(?P=literal))*\]|YYY?Y?|MM?M?M?|Do|DD?D?D?|d?dd?d?|HH?|hh?|mm?|ss?|SS?S?S?S?S?|ZZ?Z?|a|A|X|x|W)"
+    )
+
+    locale: locales.Locale
+
+    def __init__(self, locale: str = DEFAULT_LOCALE) -> None:
+
+        self.locale = locales.get_locale(locale)
+
+    def format(cls, dt: datetime, fmt: str) -> str:
+
+        # FIXME: _format_token() is nullable
+        return cls._FORMAT_RE.sub(
+            lambda m: cast(str, cls._format_token(dt, m.group(0))), fmt
+        )
+
+    def _format_token(self, dt: datetime, token: Optional[str]) -> Optional[str]:
+
+        if token and token.startswith("[") and token.endswith("]"):
+            return token[1:-1]
+
+        if token == "YYYY":
+            return self.locale.year_full(dt.year)
+        if token == "YY":
+            return self.locale.year_abbreviation(dt.year)
+
+        if token == "MMMM":
+            return self.locale.month_name(dt.month)
+        if token == "MMM":
+            return self.locale.month_abbreviation(dt.month)
+        if token == "MM":
+            return f"{dt.month:02d}"
+        if token == "M":
+            return f"{dt.month}"
+
+        if token == "DDDD":
+            return f"{dt.timetuple().tm_yday:03d}"
+        if token == "DDD":
+            return f"{dt.timetuple().tm_yday}"
+        if token == "DD":
+            return f"{dt.day:02d}"
+        if token == "D":
+            return f"{dt.day}"
+
+        if token == "Do":
+            return self.locale.ordinal_number(dt.day)
+
+        if token == "dddd":
+            return self.locale.day_name(dt.isoweekday())
+        if token == "ddd":
+            return self.locale.day_abbreviation(dt.isoweekday())
+        if token == "d":
+            return f"{dt.isoweekday()}"
+
+        if token == "HH":
+            return f"{dt.hour:02d}"
+        if token == "H":
+            return f"{dt.hour}"
+        if token == "hh":
+            return f"{dt.hour if 0 < dt.hour < 13 else abs(dt.hour - 12):02d}"
+        if token == "h":
+            return f"{dt.hour if 0 < dt.hour < 13 else abs(dt.hour - 12)}"
+
+        if token == "mm":
+            return f"{dt.minute:02d}"
+        if token == "m":
+            return f"{dt.minute}"
+
+        if token == "ss":
+            return f"{dt.second:02d}"
+        if token == "s":
+            return f"{dt.second}"
+
+        if token == "SSSSSS":
+            return f"{dt.microsecond:06d}"
+        if token == "SSSSS":
+            return f"{dt.microsecond // 10:05d}"
+        if token == "SSSS":
+            return f"{dt.microsecond // 100:04d}"
+        if token == "SSS":
+            return f"{dt.microsecond // 1000:03d}"
+        if token == "SS":
+            return f"{dt.microsecond // 10000:02d}"
+        if token == "S":
+            return f"{dt.microsecond // 100000}"
+
+        if token == "X":
+            return f"{dt.timestamp()}"
+
+        if token == "x":
+            return f"{dt.timestamp() * 1_000_000:.0f}"
+
+        if token == "ZZZ":
+            return dt.tzname()
+
+        if token in ["ZZ", "Z"]:
+            separator = ":" if token == "ZZ" else ""
+            tz = dateutil_tz.tzutc() if dt.tzinfo is None else dt.tzinfo
+            # `dt` must be aware object. Otherwise, this line will raise AttributeError
+            # https://github.com/arrow-py/arrow/pull/883#discussion_r529866834
+            # datetime awareness: https://docs.python.org/3/library/datetime.html#aware-and-naive-objects
+            total_minutes = int(cast(timedelta, tz.utcoffset(dt)).total_seconds() / 60)
+
+            sign = "+" if total_minutes >= 0 else "-"
+            total_minutes = abs(total_minutes)
+            hour, minute = divmod(total_minutes, 60)
+
+            return f"{sign}{hour:02d}{separator}{minute:02d}"
+
+        if token in ("a", "A"):
+            return self.locale.meridian(dt.hour, token)
+
+        if token == "W":
+            year, week, day = dt.isocalendar()
+            return f"{year}-W{week:02d}-{day}"
diff --git a/third_party/python/arrow/arrow/locales.py b/third_party/python/arrow/arrow/locales.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3627497f57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/python/arrow/arrow/locales.py
@@ -0,0 +1,6475 @@
+"""Provides internationalization for arrow in over 60 languages and dialects."""
+
+import sys
+from math import trunc
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    ClassVar,
+    Dict,
+    List,
+    Mapping,
+    Optional,
+    Sequence,
+    Tuple,
+    Type,
+    Union,
+    cast,
+)
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 8):  # pragma: no cover
+    from typing_extensions import Literal
+else:
+    from typing import Literal  # pragma: no cover
+
+TimeFrameLiteral = Literal[
+    "now",
+    "second",
+    "seconds",
+    "minute",
+    "minutes",
+    "hour",
+    "hours",
+    "day",
+    "days",
+    "week",
+    "weeks",
+    "month",
+    "months",
+    "quarter",
+    "quarters",
+    "year",
+    "years",
+]
+
+_TimeFrameElements = Union[
+    str, Sequence[str], Mapping[str, str], Mapping[str, Sequence[str]]
+]
+
+_locale_map: Dict[str, Type["Locale"]] = {}
+
+
+def get_locale(name: str) -> "Locale":
+    """Returns an appropriate :class:`Locale <arrow.locales.Locale>`
+    corresponding to an input locale name.
+
+    :param name: the name of the locale.
+
+    """
+
+    normalized_locale_name = name.lower().replace("_", "-")
+    locale_cls = _locale_map.get(normalized_locale_name)
+
+    if locale_cls is None:
+        raise ValueError(f"Unsupported locale {normalized_locale_name!r}.")
+
+    return locale_cls()
+
+
+def get_locale_by_class_name(name: str) -> "Locale":
+    """Returns an appropriate :class:`Locale <arrow.locales.Locale>`
+    corresponding to an locale class name.
+
+    :param name: the name of the locale class.
+
+    """
+    locale_cls: Optional[Type[Locale]] = globals().get(name)
+
+    if locale_cls is None:
+        raise ValueError(f"Unsupported locale {name!r}.")
+
+    return locale_cls()
+
+
+class Locale:
+    """Represents locale-specific data and functionality."""
+
+    names: ClassVar[List[str]] = []
+
+    timeframes: ClassVar[Mapping[TimeFrameLiteral, _TimeFrameElements]] = {
+        "now": "",
+        "second": "",
+        "seconds": "",
+        "minute": "",
+        "minutes": "",
+        "hour": "",
+        "hours": "",
+        "day": "",
+        "days": "",
+        "week": "",
+        "weeks": "",
+        "month": "",
+        "months": "",
+        "quarter": "",
+        "quarters": "",
+        "year": "",
+        "years": "",
+    }
+
+    meridians: ClassVar[Dict[str, str]] = {"am": "", "pm": "", "AM": "", "PM": ""}
+
+    past: ClassVar[str]
+    future: ClassVar[str]
+    and_word: ClassVar[Optional[str]] = None
+
+    month_names: ClassVar[List[str]] = []
+    month_abbreviations: ClassVar[List[str]] = []
+
+    day_names: ClassVar[List[str]] = []
+    day_abbreviations: ClassVar[List[str]] = []
+
+    ordinal_day_re: ClassVar[str] = r"(\d+)"
+
+    _month_name_to_ordinal: Optional[Dict[str, int]]
+
+    def __init_subclass__(cls, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        for locale_name in cls.names:
+            if locale_name in _locale_map:
+                raise LookupError(f"Duplicated locale name: {locale_name}")
+
+            _locale_map[locale_name.lower().replace("_", "-")] = cls
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+
+        self._month_name_to_ordinal = None
+
+    def describe(
+        self,
+        timeframe: TimeFrameLiteral,
+        delta: Union[float, int] = 0,
+        only_distance: bool = False,
+    ) -> str:
+        """Describes a delta within a timeframe in plain language.
+
+        :param timeframe: a string representing a timeframe.
+        :param delta: a quantity representing a delta in a timeframe.
+        :param only_distance: return only distance eg: "11 seconds" without "in" or "ago" keywords
+        """
+
+        humanized = self._format_timeframe(timeframe, trunc(delta))
+        if not only_distance:
+            humanized = self._format_relative(humanized, timeframe, delta)
+
+        return humanized
+
+    def describe_multi(
+        self,
+        timeframes: Sequence[Tuple[TimeFrameLiteral, Union[int, float]]],
+        only_distance: bool = False,
+    ) -> str:
+        """Describes a delta within multiple timeframes in plain language.
+
+        :param timeframes: a list of string, quantity pairs each representing a timeframe and delta.
+        :param only_distance: return only distance eg: "2 hours and 11 seconds" without "in" or "ago" keywords
+        """
+
+        parts = [
+            self._format_timeframe(timeframe, trunc(delta))
+            for timeframe, delta in timeframes
+        ]
+        if self.and_word:
+            parts.insert(-1, self.and_word)
+        humanized = " ".join(parts)
+
+        if not only_distance:
+            # Needed to determine the correct relative string to use
+            timeframe_value = 0
+
+            for _unit_name, unit_value in timeframes:
+                if trunc(unit_value) != 0:
+                    timeframe_value = trunc(unit_value)
+                    break
+
+            # Note it doesn't matter the timeframe unit we use on the call, only the value
+            humanized = self._format_relative(humanized, "seconds", timeframe_value)
+
+        return humanized
+
+    def day_name(self, day: int) -> str:
+        """Returns the day name for a specified day of the week.
+
+        :param day: the ``int`` day of the week (1-7).
+
+        """
+
+        return self.day_names[day]
+
+    def day_abbreviation(self, day: int) -> str:
+        """Returns the day abbreviation for a specified day of the week.
+
+        :param day: the ``int`` day of the week (1-7).
+
+        """
+
+        return self.day_abbreviations[day]
+
+    def month_name(self, month: int) -> str:
+        """Returns the month name for a specified month of the year.
+
+        :param month: the ``int`` month of the year (1-12).
+
+        """
+
+        return self.month_names[month]
+
+    def month_abbreviation(self, month: int) -> str:
+        """Returns the month abbreviation for a specified month of the year.
+
+        :param month: the ``int`` month of the year (1-12).
+
+        """
+
+        return self.month_abbreviations[month]
+
+    def month_number(self, name: str) -> Optional[int]:
+        """Returns the month number for a month specified by name or abbreviation.
+
+        :param name: the month name or abbreviation.
+
+        """
+
+        if self._month_name_to_ordinal is None:
+            self._month_name_to_ordinal = self._name_to_ordinal(self.month_names)
+            self._month_name_to_ordinal.update(
+                self._name_to_ordinal(self.month_abbreviations)
+            )
+
+        return self._month_name_to_ordinal.get(name)
+
+    def year_full(self, year: int) -> str:
+        """Returns the year for specific locale if available
+
+        :param year: the ``int`` year (4-digit)
+        """
+        return f"{year:04d}"
+
+    def year_abbreviation(self, year: int) -> str:
+        """Returns the year for specific locale if available
+
+        :param year: the ``int`` year (4-digit)
+        """
+        return f"{year:04d}"[2:]
+
+    def meridian(self, hour: int, token: Any) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Returns the meridian indicator for a specified hour and format token.
+
+        :param hour: the ``int`` hour of the day.
+        :param token: the format token.
+        """
+
+        if token == "a":
+            return self.meridians["am"] if hour < 12 else self.meridians["pm"]
+        if token == "A":
+            return self.meridians["AM"] if hour < 12 else self.meridians["PM"]
+        return None
+
+    def ordinal_number(self, n: int) -> str:
+        """Returns the ordinal format of a given integer
+
+        :param n: an integer
+        """
+        return self._ordinal_number(n)
+
+    def _ordinal_number(self, n: int) -> str:
+        return f"{n}"
+
+    def _name_to_ordinal(self, lst: Sequence[str]) -> Dict[str, int]:
+        return {elem.lower(): i for i, elem in enumerate(lst[1:], 1)}
+
+    def _format_timeframe(self, timeframe: TimeFrameLiteral, delta: int) -> str:
+        # TODO: remove cast
+        return cast(str, self.timeframes[timeframe]).format(trunc(abs(delta)))
+
+    def _format_relative(
+        self,
+        humanized: str,
+        timeframe: TimeFrameLiteral,
+        delta: Union[float, int],
+    ) -> str:
+
+        if timeframe == "now":
+            return humanized
+
+        direction = self.past if delta < 0 else self.future
+
+        return direction.format(humanized)
+
+
+class EnglishLocale(Locale):
+    names = [
+        "en",
+        "en-us",
+        "en-gb",
+        "en-au",
+        "en-be",
+        "en-jp",
+        "en-za",
+        "en-ca",
+        "en-ph",
+    ]
+
+    past = "{0} ago"
+    future = "in {0}"
+    and_word = "and"
+
+    timeframes = {
+        "now": "just now",
+        "second": "a second",
+        "seconds": "{0} seconds",
+        "minute": "a minute",
+        "minutes": "{0} minutes",
+        "hour": "an hour",
+        "hours": "{0} hours",
+        "day": "a day",
+        "days": "{0} days",
+        "week": "a week",
+        "weeks": "{0} weeks",
+        "month": "a month",
+        "months": "{0} months",
+        "quarter": "a quarter",
+        "quarters": "{0} quarters",
+        "year": "a year",
+        "years": "{0} years",
+    }
+
+    meridians = {"am": "am", "pm": "pm", "AM": "AM", "PM": "PM"}
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "January",
+        "February",
+        "March",
+        "April",
+        "May",
+        "June",
+        "July",
+        "August",
+        "September",
+        "October",
+        "November",
+        "December",
+    ]
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "Jan",
+        "Feb",
+        "Mar",
+        "Apr",
+        "May",
+        "Jun",
+        "Jul",
+        "Aug",
+        "Sep",
+        "Oct",
+        "Nov",
+        "Dec",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "Monday",
+        "Tuesday",
+        "Wednesday",
+        "Thursday",
+        "Friday",
+        "Saturday",
+        "Sunday",
+    ]
+    day_abbreviations = ["", "Mon", "Tue", "Wed", "Thu", "Fri", "Sat", "Sun"]
+
+    ordinal_day_re = r"((?P<value>[2-3]?1(?=st)|[2-3]?2(?=nd)|[2-3]?3(?=rd)|[1-3]?[04-9](?=th)|1[1-3](?=th))(st|nd|rd|th))"
+
+    def _ordinal_number(self, n: int) -> str:
+        if n % 100 not in (11, 12, 13):
+            remainder = abs(n) % 10
+            if remainder == 1:
+                return f"{n}st"
+            elif remainder == 2:
+                return f"{n}nd"
+            elif remainder == 3:
+                return f"{n}rd"
+        return f"{n}th"
+
+    def describe(
+        self,
+        timeframe: TimeFrameLiteral,
+        delta: Union[int, float] = 0,
+        only_distance: bool = False,
+    ) -> str:
+        """Describes a delta within a timeframe in plain language.
+
+        :param timeframe: a string representing a timeframe.
+        :param delta: a quantity representing a delta in a timeframe.
+        :param only_distance: return only distance eg: "11 seconds" without "in" or "ago" keywords
+        """
+
+        humanized = super().describe(timeframe, delta, only_distance)
+        if only_distance and timeframe == "now":
+            humanized = "instantly"
+
+        return humanized
+
+
+class ItalianLocale(Locale):
+    names = ["it", "it-it"]
+    past = "{0} fa"
+    future = "tra {0}"
+    and_word = "e"
+
+    timeframes = {
+        "now": "adesso",
+        "second": "un secondo",
+        "seconds": "{0} qualche secondo",
+        "minute": "un minuto",
+        "minutes": "{0} minuti",
+        "hour": "un'ora",
+        "hours": "{0} ore",
+        "day": "un giorno",
+        "days": "{0} giorni",
+        "week": "una settimana,",
+        "weeks": "{0} settimane",
+        "month": "un mese",
+        "months": "{0} mesi",
+        "year": "un anno",
+        "years": "{0} anni",
+    }
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "gennaio",
+        "febbraio",
+        "marzo",
+        "aprile",
+        "maggio",
+        "giugno",
+        "luglio",
+        "agosto",
+        "settembre",
+        "ottobre",
+        "novembre",
+        "dicembre",
+    ]
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "gen",
+        "feb",
+        "mar",
+        "apr",
+        "mag",
+        "giu",
+        "lug",
+        "ago",
+        "set",
+        "ott",
+        "nov",
+        "dic",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "lunedì",
+        "martedì",
+        "mercoledì",
+        "giovedì",
+        "venerdì",
+        "sabato",
+        "domenica",
+    ]
+    day_abbreviations = ["", "lun", "mar", "mer", "gio", "ven", "sab", "dom"]
+
+    ordinal_day_re = r"((?P<value>[1-3]?[0-9](?=[ºª]))[ºª])"
+
+    def _ordinal_number(self, n: int) -> str:
+        return f"{n}º"
+
+
+class SpanishLocale(Locale):
+    names = ["es", "es-es"]
+    past = "hace {0}"
+    future = "en {0}"
+    and_word = "y"
+
+    timeframes = {
+        "now": "ahora",
+        "second": "un segundo",
+        "seconds": "{0} segundos",
+        "minute": "un minuto",
+        "minutes": "{0} minutos",
+        "hour": "una hora",
+        "hours": "{0} horas",
+        "day": "un día",
+        "days": "{0} días",
+        "week": "una semana",
+        "weeks": "{0} semanas",
+        "month": "un mes",
+        "months": "{0} meses",
+        "year": "un año",
+        "years": "{0} años",
+    }
+
+    meridians = {"am": "am", "pm": "pm", "AM": "AM", "PM": "PM"}
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "enero",
+        "febrero",
+        "marzo",
+        "abril",
+        "mayo",
+        "junio",
+        "julio",
+        "agosto",
+        "septiembre",
+        "octubre",
+        "noviembre",
+        "diciembre",
+    ]
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "ene",
+        "feb",
+        "mar",
+        "abr",
+        "may",
+        "jun",
+        "jul",
+        "ago",
+        "sep",
+        "oct",
+        "nov",
+        "dic",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "lunes",
+        "martes",
+        "miércoles",
+        "jueves",
+        "viernes",
+        "sábado",
+        "domingo",
+    ]
+    day_abbreviations = ["", "lun", "mar", "mie", "jue", "vie", "sab", "dom"]
+
+    ordinal_day_re = r"((?P<value>[1-3]?[0-9](?=[ºª]))[ºª])"
+
+    def _ordinal_number(self, n: int) -> str:
+        return f"{n}º"
+
+
+class FrenchBaseLocale(Locale):
+    past = "il y a {0}"
+    future = "dans {0}"
+    and_word = "et"
+
+    timeframes = {
+        "now": "maintenant",
+        "second": "une seconde",
+        "seconds": "{0} secondes",
+        "minute": "une minute",
+        "minutes": "{0} minutes",
+        "hour": "une heure",
+        "hours": "{0} heures",
+        "day": "un jour",
+        "days": "{0} jours",
+        "week": "une semaine",
+        "weeks": "{0} semaines",
+        "month": "un mois",
+        "months": "{0} mois",
+        "year": "un an",
+        "years": "{0} ans",
+    }
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "janvier",
+        "février",
+        "mars",
+        "avril",
+        "mai",
+        "juin",
+        "juillet",
+        "août",
+        "septembre",
+        "octobre",
+        "novembre",
+        "décembre",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "lundi",
+        "mardi",
+        "mercredi",
+        "jeudi",
+        "vendredi",
+        "samedi",
+        "dimanche",
+    ]
+    day_abbreviations = ["", "lun", "mar", "mer", "jeu", "ven", "sam", "dim"]
+
+    ordinal_day_re = (
+        r"((?P<value>\b1(?=er\b)|[1-3]?[02-9](?=e\b)|[1-3]1(?=e\b))(er|e)\b)"
+    )
+
+    def _ordinal_number(self, n: int) -> str:
+        if abs(n) == 1:
+            return f"{n}er"
+        return f"{n}e"
+
+
+class FrenchLocale(FrenchBaseLocale, Locale):
+    names = ["fr", "fr-fr"]
+
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "janv",
+        "févr",
+        "mars",
+        "avr",
+        "mai",
+        "juin",
+        "juil",
+        "août",
+        "sept",
+        "oct",
+        "nov",
+        "déc",
+    ]
+
+
+class FrenchCanadianLocale(FrenchBaseLocale, Locale):
+    names = ["fr-ca"]
+
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "janv",
+        "févr",
+        "mars",
+        "avr",
+        "mai",
+        "juin",
+        "juill",
+        "août",
+        "sept",
+        "oct",
+        "nov",
+        "déc",
+    ]
+
+
+class GreekLocale(Locale):
+    names = ["el", "el-gr"]
+
+    past = "{0} πριν"
+    future = "σε {0}"
+    and_word = "και"
+
+    timeframes = {
+        "now": "τώρα",
+        "second": "ένα δεύτερο",
+        "seconds": "{0} δευτερόλεπτα",
+        "minute": "ένα λεπτό",
+        "minutes": "{0} λεπτά",
+        "hour": "μία ώρα",
+        "hours": "{0} ώρες",
+        "day": "μία μέρα",
+        "days": "{0} μέρες",
+        "week": "μία εβδομάδα",
+        "weeks": "{0} εβδομάδες",
+        "month": "ένα μήνα",
+        "months": "{0} μήνες",
+        "year": "ένα χρόνο",
+        "years": "{0} χρόνια",
+    }
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "Ιανουαρίου",
+        "Φεβρουαρίου",
+        "Μαρτίου",
+        "Απριλίου",
+        "Μαΐου",
+        "Ιουνίου",
+        "Ιουλίου",
+        "Αυγούστου",
+        "Σεπτεμβρίου",
+        "Οκτωβρίου",
+        "Νοεμβρίου",
+        "Δεκεμβρίου",
+    ]
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "Ιαν",
+        "Φεβ",
+        "Μαρ",
+        "Απρ",
+        "Μαϊ",
+        "Ιον",
+        "Ιολ",
+        "Αυγ",
+        "Σεπ",
+        "Οκτ",
+        "Νοε",
+        "Δεκ",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "Δευτέρα",
+        "Τρίτη",
+        "Τετάρτη",
+        "Πέμπτη",
+        "Παρασκευή",
+        "Σάββατο",
+        "Κυριακή",
+    ]
+    day_abbreviations = ["", "Δευ", "Τρι", "Τετ", "Πεμ", "Παρ", "Σαβ", "Κυρ"]
+
+
+class JapaneseLocale(Locale):
+    names = ["ja", "ja-jp"]
+
+    past = "{0}前"
+    future = "{0}後"
+    and_word = ""
+
+    timeframes = {
+        "now": "現在",
+        "second": "1秒",
+        "seconds": "{0}秒",
+        "minute": "1分",
+        "minutes": "{0}分",
+        "hour": "1時間",
+        "hours": "{0}時間",
+        "day": "1日",
+        "days": "{0}日",
+        "week": "1週間",
+        "weeks": "{0}週間",
+        "month": "1ヶ月",
+        "months": "{0}ヶ月",
+        "year": "1年",
+        "years": "{0}年",
+    }
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "1月",
+        "2月",
+        "3月",
+        "4月",
+        "5月",
+        "6月",
+        "7月",
+        "8月",
+        "9月",
+        "10月",
+        "11月",
+        "12月",
+    ]
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        " 1",
+        " 2",
+        " 3",
+        " 4",
+        " 5",
+        " 6",
+        " 7",
+        " 8",
+        " 9",
+        "10",
+        "11",
+        "12",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = ["", "月曜日", "火曜日", "水曜日", "木曜日", "金曜日", "土曜日", "日曜日"]
+    day_abbreviations = ["", "月", "火", "水", "木", "金", "土", "日"]
+
+
+class SwedishLocale(Locale):
+    names = ["sv", "sv-se"]
+
+    past = "för {0} sen"
+    future = "om {0}"
+    and_word = "och"
+
+    timeframes = {
+        "now": "just nu",
+        "second": "en sekund",
+        "seconds": "{0} sekunder",
+        "minute": "en minut",
+        "minutes": "{0} minuter",
+        "hour": "en timme",
+        "hours": "{0} timmar",
+        "day": "en dag",
+        "days": "{0} dagar",
+        "week": "en vecka",
+        "weeks": "{0} veckor",
+        "month": "en månad",
+        "months": "{0} månader",
+        "year": "ett år",
+        "years": "{0} år",
+    }
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "januari",
+        "februari",
+        "mars",
+        "april",
+        "maj",
+        "juni",
+        "juli",
+        "augusti",
+        "september",
+        "oktober",
+        "november",
+        "december",
+    ]
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "jan",
+        "feb",
+        "mar",
+        "apr",
+        "maj",
+        "jun",
+        "jul",
+        "aug",
+        "sep",
+        "okt",
+        "nov",
+        "dec",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "måndag",
+        "tisdag",
+        "onsdag",
+        "torsdag",
+        "fredag",
+        "lördag",
+        "söndag",
+    ]
+    day_abbreviations = ["", "mån", "tis", "ons", "tor", "fre", "lör", "sön"]
+
+
+class FinnishLocale(Locale):
+    names = ["fi", "fi-fi"]
+
+    # The finnish grammar is very complex, and its hard to convert
+    # 1-to-1 to something like English.
+
+    past = "{0} sitten"
+    future = "{0} kuluttua"
+
+    timeframes: ClassVar[Mapping[TimeFrameLiteral, Union[str, Mapping[str, str]]]] = {
+        "now": "juuri nyt",
+        "second": "sekunti",
+        "seconds": {"past": "{0} muutama sekunti", "future": "{0} muutaman sekunnin"},
+        "minute": {"past": "minuutti", "future": "minuutin"},
+        "minutes": {"past": "{0} minuuttia", "future": "{0} minuutin"},
+        "hour": {"past": "tunti", "future": "tunnin"},
+        "hours": {"past": "{0} tuntia", "future": "{0} tunnin"},
+        "day": "päivä",
+        "days": {"past": "{0} päivää", "future": "{0} päivän"},
+        "month": {"past": "kuukausi", "future": "kuukauden"},
+        "months": {"past": "{0} kuukautta", "future": "{0} kuukauden"},
+        "year": {"past": "vuosi", "future": "vuoden"},
+        "years": {"past": "{0} vuotta", "future": "{0} vuoden"},
+    }
+
+    # Months and days are lowercase in Finnish
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "tammikuu",
+        "helmikuu",
+        "maaliskuu",
+        "huhtikuu",
+        "toukokuu",
+        "kesäkuu",
+        "heinäkuu",
+        "elokuu",
+        "syyskuu",
+        "lokakuu",
+        "marraskuu",
+        "joulukuu",
+    ]
+
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "tammi",
+        "helmi",
+        "maalis",
+        "huhti",
+        "touko",
+        "kesä",
+        "heinä",
+        "elo",
+        "syys",
+        "loka",
+        "marras",
+        "joulu",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "maanantai",
+        "tiistai",
+        "keskiviikko",
+        "torstai",
+        "perjantai",
+        "lauantai",
+        "sunnuntai",
+    ]
+
+    day_abbreviations = ["", "ma", "ti", "ke", "to", "pe", "la", "su"]
+
+    def _format_timeframe(self, timeframe: TimeFrameLiteral, delta: int) -> str:
+        form = self.timeframes[timeframe]
+
+        if isinstance(form, Mapping):
+            if delta < 0:
+                form = form["past"]
+            else:
+                form = form["future"]
+
+        return form.format(abs(delta))
+
+    def _ordinal_number(self, n: int) -> str:
+        return f"{n}."
+
+
+class ChineseCNLocale(Locale):
+    names = ["zh", "zh-cn"]
+
+    past = "{0}前"
+    future = "{0}后"
+
+    timeframes = {
+        "now": "刚才",
+        "second": "1秒",
+        "seconds": "{0}秒",
+        "minute": "1分钟",
+        "minutes": "{0}分钟",
+        "hour": "1小时",
+        "hours": "{0}小时",
+        "day": "1天",
+        "days": "{0}天",
+        "week": "1周",
+        "weeks": "{0}周",
+        "month": "1个月",
+        "months": "{0}个月",
+        "year": "1年",
+        "years": "{0}年",
+    }
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "一月",
+        "二月",
+        "三月",
+        "四月",
+        "五月",
+        "六月",
+        "七月",
+        "八月",
+        "九月",
+        "十月",
+        "十一月",
+        "十二月",
+    ]
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        " 1",
+        " 2",
+        " 3",
+        " 4",
+        " 5",
+        " 6",
+        " 7",
+        " 8",
+        " 9",
+        "10",
+        "11",
+        "12",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = ["", "星期一", "星期二", "星期三", "星期四", "星期五", "星期六", "星期日"]
+    day_abbreviations = ["", "一", "二", "三", "四", "五", "六", "日"]
+
+
+class ChineseTWLocale(Locale):
+    names = ["zh-tw"]
+
+    past = "{0}前"
+    future = "{0}後"
+    and_word = "和"
+
+    timeframes = {
+        "now": "剛才",
+        "second": "1秒",
+        "seconds": "{0}秒",
+        "minute": "1分鐘",
+        "minutes": "{0}分鐘",
+        "hour": "1小時",
+        "hours": "{0}小時",
+        "day": "1天",
+        "days": "{0}天",
+        "week": "1週",
+        "weeks": "{0}週",
+        "month": "1個月",
+        "months": "{0}個月",
+        "year": "1年",
+        "years": "{0}年",
+    }
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "1月",
+        "2月",
+        "3月",
+        "4月",
+        "5月",
+        "6月",
+        "7月",
+        "8月",
+        "9月",
+        "10月",
+        "11月",
+        "12月",
+    ]
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        " 1",
+        " 2",
+        " 3",
+        " 4",
+        " 5",
+        " 6",
+        " 7",
+        " 8",
+        " 9",
+        "10",
+        "11",
+        "12",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = ["", "週一", "週二", "週三", "週四", "週五", "週六", "週日"]
+    day_abbreviations = ["", "一", "二", "三", "四", "五", "六", "日"]
+
+
+class HongKongLocale(Locale):
+    names = ["zh-hk"]
+
+    past = "{0}前"
+    future = "{0}後"
+
+    timeframes = {
+        "now": "剛才",
+        "second": "1秒",
+        "seconds": "{0}秒",
+        "minute": "1分鐘",
+        "minutes": "{0}分鐘",
+        "hour": "1小時",
+        "hours": "{0}小時",
+        "day": "1天",
+        "days": "{0}天",
+        "week": "1星期",
+        "weeks": "{0}星期",
+        "month": "1個月",
+        "months": "{0}個月",
+        "year": "1年",
+        "years": "{0}年",
+    }
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "1月",
+        "2月",
+        "3月",
+        "4月",
+        "5月",
+        "6月",
+        "7月",
+        "8月",
+        "9月",
+        "10月",
+        "11月",
+        "12月",
+    ]
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        " 1",
+        " 2",
+        " 3",
+        " 4",
+        " 5",
+        " 6",
+        " 7",
+        " 8",
+        " 9",
+        "10",
+        "11",
+        "12",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = ["", "星期一", "星期二", "星期三", "星期四", "星期五", "星期六", "星期日"]
+    day_abbreviations = ["", "一", "二", "三", "四", "五", "六", "日"]
+
+
+class KoreanLocale(Locale):
+    names = ["ko", "ko-kr"]
+
+    past = "{0} 전"
+    future = "{0} 후"
+
+    timeframes = {
+        "now": "지금",
+        "second": "1초",
+        "seconds": "{0}초",
+        "minute": "1분",
+        "minutes": "{0}분",
+        "hour": "한시간",
+        "hours": "{0}시간",
+        "day": "하루",
+        "days": "{0}일",
+        "week": "1주",
+        "weeks": "{0}주",
+        "month": "한달",
+        "months": "{0}개월",
+        "year": "1년",
+        "years": "{0}년",
+    }
+
+    special_dayframes = {
+        -3: "그끄제",
+        -2: "그제",
+        -1: "어제",
+        1: "내일",
+        2: "모레",
+        3: "글피",
+        4: "그글피",
+    }
+
+    special_yearframes = {-2: "제작년", -1: "작년", 1: "내년", 2: "내후년"}
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "1월",
+        "2월",
+        "3월",
+        "4월",
+        "5월",
+        "6월",
+        "7월",
+        "8월",
+        "9월",
+        "10월",
+        "11월",
+        "12월",
+    ]
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        " 1",
+        " 2",
+        " 3",
+        " 4",
+        " 5",
+        " 6",
+        " 7",
+        " 8",
+        " 9",
+        "10",
+        "11",
+        "12",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = ["", "월요일", "화요일", "수요일", "목요일", "금요일", "토요일", "일요일"]
+    day_abbreviations = ["", "월", "화", "수", "목", "금", "토", "일"]
+
+    def _ordinal_number(self, n: int) -> str:
+        ordinals = ["0", "첫", "두", "세", "네", "다섯", "여섯", "일곱", "여덟", "아홉", "열"]
+        if n < len(ordinals):
+            return f"{ordinals[n]}번째"
+        return f"{n}번째"
+
+    def _format_relative(
+        self,
+        humanized: str,
+        timeframe: TimeFrameLiteral,
+        delta: Union[float, int],
+    ) -> str:
+        if timeframe in ("day", "days"):
+            special = self.special_dayframes.get(int(delta))
+            if special:
+                return special
+        elif timeframe in ("year", "years"):
+            special = self.special_yearframes.get(int(delta))
+            if special:
+                return special
+
+        return super()._format_relative(humanized, timeframe, delta)
+
+
+# derived locale types & implementations.
+class DutchLocale(Locale):
+    names = ["nl", "nl-nl"]
+
+    past = "{0} geleden"
+    future = "over {0}"
+
+    timeframes = {
+        "now": "nu",
+        "second": "een seconde",
+        "seconds": "{0} seconden",
+        "minute": "een minuut",
+        "minutes": "{0} minuten",
+        "hour": "een uur",
+        "hours": "{0} uur",
+        "day": "een dag",
+        "days": "{0} dagen",
+        "week": "een week",
+        "weeks": "{0} weken",
+        "month": "een maand",
+        "months": "{0} maanden",
+        "year": "een jaar",
+        "years": "{0} jaar",
+    }
+
+    # In Dutch names of months and days are not starting with a capital letter
+    # like in the English language.
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "januari",
+        "februari",
+        "maart",
+        "april",
+        "mei",
+        "juni",
+        "juli",
+        "augustus",
+        "september",
+        "oktober",
+        "november",
+        "december",
+    ]
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "jan",
+        "feb",
+        "mrt",
+        "apr",
+        "mei",
+        "jun",
+        "jul",
+        "aug",
+        "sep",
+        "okt",
+        "nov",
+        "dec",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "maandag",
+        "dinsdag",
+        "woensdag",
+        "donderdag",
+        "vrijdag",
+        "zaterdag",
+        "zondag",
+    ]
+    day_abbreviations = ["", "ma", "di", "wo", "do", "vr", "za", "zo"]
+
+
+class SlavicBaseLocale(Locale):
+    timeframes: ClassVar[Mapping[TimeFrameLiteral, Union[str, Mapping[str, str]]]]
+
+    def _format_timeframe(self, timeframe: TimeFrameLiteral, delta: int) -> str:
+        form = self.timeframes[timeframe]
+        delta = abs(delta)
+
+        if isinstance(form, Mapping):
+            if delta % 10 == 1 and delta % 100 != 11:
+                form = form["singular"]
+            elif 2 <= delta % 10 <= 4 and (delta % 100 < 10 or delta % 100 >= 20):
+                form = form["dual"]
+            else:
+                form = form["plural"]
+
+        return form.format(delta)
+
+
+class BelarusianLocale(SlavicBaseLocale):
+    names = ["be", "be-by"]
+
+    past = "{0} таму"
+    future = "праз {0}"
+
+    timeframes: ClassVar[Mapping[TimeFrameLiteral, Union[str, Mapping[str, str]]]] = {
+        "now": "зараз",
+        "second": "секунду",
+        "seconds": "{0} некалькі секунд",
+        "minute": "хвіліну",
+        "minutes": {
+            "singular": "{0} хвіліну",
+            "dual": "{0} хвіліны",
+            "plural": "{0} хвілін",
+        },
+        "hour": "гадзіну",
+        "hours": {
+            "singular": "{0} гадзіну",
+            "dual": "{0} гадзіны",
+            "plural": "{0} гадзін",
+        },
+        "day": "дзень",
+        "days": {"singular": "{0} дзень", "dual": "{0} дні", "plural": "{0} дзён"},
+        "month": "месяц",
+        "months": {
+            "singular": "{0} месяц",
+            "dual": "{0} месяцы",
+            "plural": "{0} месяцаў",
+        },
+        "year": "год",
+        "years": {"singular": "{0} год", "dual": "{0} гады", "plural": "{0} гадоў"},
+    }
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "студзеня",
+        "лютага",
+        "сакавіка",
+        "красавіка",
+        "траўня",
+        "чэрвеня",
+        "ліпеня",
+        "жніўня",
+        "верасня",
+        "кастрычніка",
+        "лістапада",
+        "снежня",
+    ]
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "студ",
+        "лют",
+        "сак",
+        "крас",
+        "трав",
+        "чэрв",
+        "ліп",
+        "жнів",
+        "вер",
+        "каст",
+        "ліст",
+        "снеж",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "панядзелак",
+        "аўторак",
+        "серада",
+        "чацвер",
+        "пятніца",
+        "субота",
+        "нядзеля",
+    ]
+    day_abbreviations = ["", "пн", "ат", "ср", "чц", "пт", "сб", "нд"]
+
+
+class PolishLocale(SlavicBaseLocale):
+    names = ["pl", "pl-pl"]
+
+    past = "{0} temu"
+    future = "za {0}"
+
+    # The nouns should be in genitive case (Polish: "dopełniacz")
+    # in order to correctly form `past` & `future` expressions.
+    timeframes: ClassVar[Mapping[TimeFrameLiteral, Union[str, Mapping[str, str]]]] = {
+        "now": "teraz",
+        "second": "sekundę",
+        "seconds": {
+            "singular": "{0} sekund",
+            "dual": "{0} sekundy",
+            "plural": "{0} sekund",
+        },
+        "minute": "minutę",
+        "minutes": {
+            "singular": "{0} minut",
+            "dual": "{0} minuty",
+            "plural": "{0} minut",
+        },
+        "hour": "godzinę",
+        "hours": {
+            "singular": "{0} godzin",
+            "dual": "{0} godziny",
+            "plural": "{0} godzin",
+        },
+        "day": "dzień",
+        "days": "{0} dni",
+        "week": "tydzień",
+        "weeks": {
+            "singular": "{0} tygodni",
+            "dual": "{0} tygodnie",
+            "plural": "{0} tygodni",
+        },
+        "month": "miesiąc",
+        "months": {
+            "singular": "{0} miesięcy",
+            "dual": "{0} miesiące",
+            "plural": "{0} miesięcy",
+        },
+        "year": "rok",
+        "years": {"singular": "{0} lat", "dual": "{0} lata", "plural": "{0} lat"},
+    }
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "styczeń",
+        "luty",
+        "marzec",
+        "kwiecień",
+        "maj",
+        "czerwiec",
+        "lipiec",
+        "sierpień",
+        "wrzesień",
+        "październik",
+        "listopad",
+        "grudzień",
+    ]
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "sty",
+        "lut",
+        "mar",
+        "kwi",
+        "maj",
+        "cze",
+        "lip",
+        "sie",
+        "wrz",
+        "paź",
+        "lis",
+        "gru",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "poniedziałek",
+        "wtorek",
+        "środa",
+        "czwartek",
+        "piątek",
+        "sobota",
+        "niedziela",
+    ]
+    day_abbreviations = ["", "Pn", "Wt", "Śr", "Czw", "Pt", "So", "Nd"]
+
+
+class RussianLocale(SlavicBaseLocale):
+    names = ["ru", "ru-ru"]
+
+    past = "{0} назад"
+    future = "через {0}"
+
+    timeframes: ClassVar[Mapping[TimeFrameLiteral, Union[str, Mapping[str, str]]]] = {
+        "now": "сейчас",
+        "second": "секунда",
+        "seconds": {
+            "singular": "{0} секунду",
+            "dual": "{0} секунды",
+            "plural": "{0} секунд",
+        },
+        "minute": "минуту",
+        "minutes": {
+            "singular": "{0} минуту",
+            "dual": "{0} минуты",
+            "plural": "{0} минут",
+        },
+        "hour": "час",
+        "hours": {"singular": "{0} час", "dual": "{0} часа", "plural": "{0} часов"},
+        "day": "день",
+        "days": {"singular": "{0} день", "dual": "{0} дня", "plural": "{0} дней"},
+        "week": "неделю",
+        "weeks": {
+            "singular": "{0} неделю",
+            "dual": "{0} недели",
+            "plural": "{0} недель",
+        },
+        "month": "месяц",
+        "months": {
+            "singular": "{0} месяц",
+            "dual": "{0} месяца",
+            "plural": "{0} месяцев",
+        },
+        "quarter": "квартал",
+        "quarters": {
+            "singular": "{0} квартал",
+            "dual": "{0} квартала",
+            "plural": "{0} кварталов",
+        },
+        "year": "год",
+        "years": {"singular": "{0} год", "dual": "{0} года", "plural": "{0} лет"},
+    }
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "января",
+        "февраля",
+        "марта",
+        "апреля",
+        "мая",
+        "июня",
+        "июля",
+        "августа",
+        "сентября",
+        "октября",
+        "ноября",
+        "декабря",
+    ]
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "янв",
+        "фев",
+        "мар",
+        "апр",
+        "май",
+        "июн",
+        "июл",
+        "авг",
+        "сен",
+        "окт",
+        "ноя",
+        "дек",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "понедельник",
+        "вторник",
+        "среда",
+        "четверг",
+        "пятница",
+        "суббота",
+        "воскресенье",
+    ]
+    day_abbreviations = ["", "пн", "вт", "ср", "чт", "пт", "сб", "вс"]
+
+
+class AfrikaansLocale(Locale):
+    names = ["af", "af-nl"]
+
+    past = "{0} gelede"
+    future = "in {0}"
+
+    timeframes = {
+        "now": "nou",
+        "second": "n sekonde",
+        "seconds": "{0} sekondes",
+        "minute": "minuut",
+        "minutes": "{0} minute",
+        "hour": "uur",
+        "hours": "{0} ure",
+        "day": "een dag",
+        "days": "{0} dae",
+        "month": "een maand",
+        "months": "{0} maande",
+        "year": "een jaar",
+        "years": "{0} jaar",
+    }
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "Januarie",
+        "Februarie",
+        "Maart",
+        "April",
+        "Mei",
+        "Junie",
+        "Julie",
+        "Augustus",
+        "September",
+        "Oktober",
+        "November",
+        "Desember",
+    ]
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "Jan",
+        "Feb",
+        "Mrt",
+        "Apr",
+        "Mei",
+        "Jun",
+        "Jul",
+        "Aug",
+        "Sep",
+        "Okt",
+        "Nov",
+        "Des",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "Maandag",
+        "Dinsdag",
+        "Woensdag",
+        "Donderdag",
+        "Vrydag",
+        "Saterdag",
+        "Sondag",
+    ]
+    day_abbreviations = ["", "Ma", "Di", "Wo", "Do", "Vr", "Za", "So"]
+
+
+class BulgarianLocale(SlavicBaseLocale):
+    names = ["bg", "bg-bg"]
+
+    past = "{0} назад"
+    future = "напред {0}"
+
+    timeframes: ClassVar[Mapping[TimeFrameLiteral, Union[str, Mapping[str, str]]]] = {
+        "now": "сега",
+        "second": "секунда",
+        "seconds": "{0} няколко секунди",
+        "minute": "минута",
+        "minutes": {
+            "singular": "{0} минута",
+            "dual": "{0} минути",
+            "plural": "{0} минути",
+        },
+        "hour": "час",
+        "hours": {"singular": "{0} час", "dual": "{0} часа", "plural": "{0} часа"},
+        "day": "ден",
+        "days": {"singular": "{0} ден", "dual": "{0} дни", "plural": "{0} дни"},
+        "month": "месец",
+        "months": {
+            "singular": "{0} месец",
+            "dual": "{0} месеца",
+            "plural": "{0} месеца",
+        },
+        "year": "година",
+        "years": {
+            "singular": "{0} година",
+            "dual": "{0} години",
+            "plural": "{0} години",
+        },
+    }
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "януари",
+        "февруари",
+        "март",
+        "април",
+        "май",
+        "юни",
+        "юли",
+        "август",
+        "септември",
+        "октомври",
+        "ноември",
+        "декември",
+    ]
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "ян",
+        "февр",
+        "март",
+        "апр",
+        "май",
+        "юни",
+        "юли",
+        "авг",
+        "септ",
+        "окт",
+        "ноем",
+        "дек",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "понеделник",
+        "вторник",
+        "сряда",
+        "четвъртък",
+        "петък",
+        "събота",
+        "неделя",
+    ]
+    day_abbreviations = ["", "пон", "вт", "ср", "четв", "пет", "съб", "нед"]
+
+
+class UkrainianLocale(SlavicBaseLocale):
+    names = ["ua", "uk", "uk-ua"]
+
+    past = "{0} тому"
+    future = "за {0}"
+
+    timeframes: ClassVar[Mapping[TimeFrameLiteral, Union[str, Mapping[str, str]]]] = {
+        "now": "зараз",
+        "second": "секунда",
+        "seconds": "{0} кілька секунд",
+        "minute": "хвилину",
+        "minutes": {
+            "singular": "{0} хвилину",
+            "dual": "{0} хвилини",
+            "plural": "{0} хвилин",
+        },
+        "hour": "годину",
+        "hours": {
+            "singular": "{0} годину",
+            "dual": "{0} години",
+            "plural": "{0} годин",
+        },
+        "day": "день",
+        "days": {"singular": "{0} день", "dual": "{0} дні", "plural": "{0} днів"},
+        "month": "місяць",
+        "months": {
+            "singular": "{0} місяць",
+            "dual": "{0} місяці",
+            "plural": "{0} місяців",
+        },
+        "year": "рік",
+        "years": {"singular": "{0} рік", "dual": "{0} роки", "plural": "{0} років"},
+    }
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "січня",
+        "лютого",
+        "березня",
+        "квітня",
+        "травня",
+        "червня",
+        "липня",
+        "серпня",
+        "вересня",
+        "жовтня",
+        "листопада",
+        "грудня",
+    ]
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "січ",
+        "лют",
+        "бер",
+        "квіт",
+        "трав",
+        "черв",
+        "лип",
+        "серп",
+        "вер",
+        "жовт",
+        "лист",
+        "груд",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "понеділок",
+        "вівторок",
+        "середа",
+        "четвер",
+        "п’ятниця",
+        "субота",
+        "неділя",
+    ]
+    day_abbreviations = ["", "пн", "вт", "ср", "чт", "пт", "сб", "нд"]
+
+
+class MacedonianLocale(SlavicBaseLocale):
+    names = ["mk", "mk-mk"]
+
+    past = "пред {0}"
+    future = "за {0}"
+
+    timeframes: ClassVar[Mapping[TimeFrameLiteral, Union[str, Mapping[str, str]]]] = {
+        "now": "сега",
+        "second": "една секунда",
+        "seconds": {
+            "singular": "{0} секунда",
+            "dual": "{0} секунди",
+            "plural": "{0} секунди",
+        },
+        "minute": "една минута",
+        "minutes": {
+            "singular": "{0} минута",
+            "dual": "{0} минути",
+            "plural": "{0} минути",
+        },
+        "hour": "еден саат",
+        "hours": {"singular": "{0} саат", "dual": "{0} саати", "plural": "{0} саати"},
+        "day": "еден ден",
+        "days": {"singular": "{0} ден", "dual": "{0} дена", "plural": "{0} дена"},
+        "week": "една недела",
+        "weeks": {
+            "singular": "{0} недела",
+            "dual": "{0} недели",
+            "plural": "{0} недели",
+        },
+        "month": "еден месец",
+        "months": {
+            "singular": "{0} месец",
+            "dual": "{0} месеци",
+            "plural": "{0} месеци",
+        },
+        "year": "една година",
+        "years": {
+            "singular": "{0} година",
+            "dual": "{0} години",
+            "plural": "{0} години",
+        },
+    }
+
+    meridians = {"am": "дп", "pm": "пп", "AM": "претпладне", "PM": "попладне"}
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "Јануари",
+        "Февруари",
+        "Март",
+        "Април",
+        "Мај",
+        "Јуни",
+        "Јули",
+        "Август",
+        "Септември",
+        "Октомври",
+        "Ноември",
+        "Декември",
+    ]
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "Јан",
+        "Фев",
+        "Мар",
+        "Апр",
+        "Мај",
+        "Јун",
+        "Јул",
+        "Авг",
+        "Септ",
+        "Окт",
+        "Ноем",
+        "Декем",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "Понеделник",
+        "Вторник",
+        "Среда",
+        "Четврток",
+        "Петок",
+        "Сабота",
+        "Недела",
+    ]
+    day_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "Пон",
+        "Вт",
+        "Сре",
+        "Чет",
+        "Пет",
+        "Саб",
+        "Нед",
+    ]
+
+
+class GermanBaseLocale(Locale):
+    past = "vor {0}"
+    future = "in {0}"
+    and_word = "und"
+
+    timeframes = {
+        "now": "gerade eben",
+        "second": "einer Sekunde",
+        "seconds": "{0} Sekunden",
+        "minute": "einer Minute",
+        "minutes": "{0} Minuten",
+        "hour": "einer Stunde",
+        "hours": "{0} Stunden",
+        "day": "einem Tag",
+        "days": "{0} Tagen",
+        "week": "einer Woche",
+        "weeks": "{0} Wochen",
+        "month": "einem Monat",
+        "months": "{0} Monaten",
+        "year": "einem Jahr",
+        "years": "{0} Jahren",
+    }
+
+    timeframes_only_distance = timeframes.copy()
+    timeframes_only_distance["second"] = "eine Sekunde"
+    timeframes_only_distance["minute"] = "eine Minute"
+    timeframes_only_distance["hour"] = "eine Stunde"
+    timeframes_only_distance["day"] = "ein Tag"
+    timeframes_only_distance["days"] = "{0} Tage"
+    timeframes_only_distance["week"] = "eine Woche"
+    timeframes_only_distance["month"] = "ein Monat"
+    timeframes_only_distance["months"] = "{0} Monate"
+    timeframes_only_distance["year"] = "ein Jahr"
+    timeframes_only_distance["years"] = "{0} Jahre"
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "Januar",
+        "Februar",
+        "März",
+        "April",
+        "Mai",
+        "Juni",
+        "Juli",
+        "August",
+        "September",
+        "Oktober",
+        "November",
+        "Dezember",
+    ]
+
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "Jan",
+        "Feb",
+        "Mär",
+        "Apr",
+        "Mai",
+        "Jun",
+        "Jul",
+        "Aug",
+        "Sep",
+        "Okt",
+        "Nov",
+        "Dez",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "Montag",
+        "Dienstag",
+        "Mittwoch",
+        "Donnerstag",
+        "Freitag",
+        "Samstag",
+        "Sonntag",
+    ]
+
+    day_abbreviations = ["", "Mo", "Di", "Mi", "Do", "Fr", "Sa", "So"]
+
+    def _ordinal_number(self, n: int) -> str:
+        return f"{n}."
+
+    def describe(
+        self,
+        timeframe: TimeFrameLiteral,
+        delta: Union[int, float] = 0,
+        only_distance: bool = False,
+    ) -> str:
+        """Describes a delta within a timeframe in plain language.
+
+        :param timeframe: a string representing a timeframe.
+        :param delta: a quantity representing a delta in a timeframe.
+        :param only_distance: return only distance eg: "11 seconds" without "in" or "ago" keywords
+        """
+
+        if not only_distance:
+            return super().describe(timeframe, delta, only_distance)
+
+        # German uses a different case without 'in' or 'ago'
+        humanized = self.timeframes_only_distance[timeframe].format(trunc(abs(delta)))
+
+        return humanized
+
+
+class GermanLocale(GermanBaseLocale, Locale):
+    names = ["de", "de-de"]
+
+
+class SwissLocale(GermanBaseLocale, Locale):
+    names = ["de-ch"]
+
+
+class AustrianLocale(GermanBaseLocale, Locale):
+    names = ["de-at"]
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "Jänner",
+        "Februar",
+        "März",
+        "April",
+        "Mai",
+        "Juni",
+        "Juli",
+        "August",
+        "September",
+        "Oktober",
+        "November",
+        "Dezember",
+    ]
+
+
+class NorwegianLocale(Locale):
+    names = ["nb", "nb-no"]
+
+    past = "for {0} siden"
+    future = "om {0}"
+
+    timeframes = {
+        "now": "nå nettopp",
+        "second": "ett sekund",
+        "seconds": "{0} sekunder",
+        "minute": "ett minutt",
+        "minutes": "{0} minutter",
+        "hour": "en time",
+        "hours": "{0} timer",
+        "day": "en dag",
+        "days": "{0} dager",
+        "week": "en uke",
+        "weeks": "{0} uker",
+        "month": "en måned",
+        "months": "{0} måneder",
+        "year": "ett år",
+        "years": "{0} år",
+    }
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "januar",
+        "februar",
+        "mars",
+        "april",
+        "mai",
+        "juni",
+        "juli",
+        "august",
+        "september",
+        "oktober",
+        "november",
+        "desember",
+    ]
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "jan",
+        "feb",
+        "mar",
+        "apr",
+        "mai",
+        "jun",
+        "jul",
+        "aug",
+        "sep",
+        "okt",
+        "nov",
+        "des",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "mandag",
+        "tirsdag",
+        "onsdag",
+        "torsdag",
+        "fredag",
+        "lørdag",
+        "søndag",
+    ]
+    day_abbreviations = ["", "ma", "ti", "on", "to", "fr", "lø", "sø"]
+
+    def _ordinal_number(self, n: int) -> str:
+        return f"{n}."
+
+
+class NewNorwegianLocale(Locale):
+    names = ["nn", "nn-no"]
+
+    past = "for {0} sidan"
+    future = "om {0}"
+
+    timeframes = {
+        "now": "no nettopp",
+        "second": "eitt sekund",
+        "seconds": "{0} sekund",
+        "minute": "eitt minutt",
+        "minutes": "{0} minutt",
+        "hour": "ein time",
+        "hours": "{0} timar",
+        "day": "ein dag",
+        "days": "{0} dagar",
+        "week": "ei veke",
+        "weeks": "{0} veker",
+        "month": "ein månad",
+        "months": "{0} månader",
+        "year": "eitt år",
+        "years": "{0} år",
+    }
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "januar",
+        "februar",
+        "mars",
+        "april",
+        "mai",
+        "juni",
+        "juli",
+        "august",
+        "september",
+        "oktober",
+        "november",
+        "desember",
+    ]
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "jan",
+        "feb",
+        "mar",
+        "apr",
+        "mai",
+        "jun",
+        "jul",
+        "aug",
+        "sep",
+        "okt",
+        "nov",
+        "des",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "måndag",
+        "tysdag",
+        "onsdag",
+        "torsdag",
+        "fredag",
+        "laurdag",
+        "sundag",
+    ]
+    day_abbreviations = ["", "må", "ty", "on", "to", "fr", "la", "su"]
+
+    def _ordinal_number(self, n: int) -> str:
+        return f"{n}."
+
+
+class PortugueseLocale(Locale):
+    names = ["pt", "pt-pt"]
+
+    past = "há {0}"
+    future = "em {0}"
+    and_word = "e"
+
+    timeframes = {
+        "now": "agora",
+        "second": "um segundo",
+        "seconds": "{0} segundos",
+        "minute": "um minuto",
+        "minutes": "{0} minutos",
+        "hour": "uma hora",
+        "hours": "{0} horas",
+        "day": "um dia",
+        "days": "{0} dias",
+        "week": "uma semana",
+        "weeks": "{0} semanas",
+        "month": "um mês",
+        "months": "{0} meses",
+        "year": "um ano",
+        "years": "{0} anos",
+    }
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "Janeiro",
+        "Fevereiro",
+        "Março",
+        "Abril",
+        "Maio",
+        "Junho",
+        "Julho",
+        "Agosto",
+        "Setembro",
+        "Outubro",
+        "Novembro",
+        "Dezembro",
+    ]
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "Jan",
+        "Fev",
+        "Mar",
+        "Abr",
+        "Mai",
+        "Jun",
+        "Jul",
+        "Ago",
+        "Set",
+        "Out",
+        "Nov",
+        "Dez",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "Segunda-feira",
+        "Terça-feira",
+        "Quarta-feira",
+        "Quinta-feira",
+        "Sexta-feira",
+        "Sábado",
+        "Domingo",
+    ]
+    day_abbreviations = ["", "Seg", "Ter", "Qua", "Qui", "Sex", "Sab", "Dom"]
+
+
+class BrazilianPortugueseLocale(PortugueseLocale):
+    names = ["pt-br"]
+
+    past = "faz {0}"
+
+
+class TagalogLocale(Locale):
+    names = ["tl", "tl-ph"]
+
+    past = "nakaraang {0}"
+    future = "{0} mula ngayon"
+
+    timeframes = {
+        "now": "ngayon lang",
+        "second": "isang segundo",
+        "seconds": "{0} segundo",
+        "minute": "isang minuto",
+        "minutes": "{0} minuto",
+        "hour": "isang oras",
+        "hours": "{0} oras",
+        "day": "isang araw",
+        "days": "{0} araw",
+        "week": "isang linggo",
+        "weeks": "{0} linggo",
+        "month": "isang buwan",
+        "months": "{0} buwan",
+        "year": "isang taon",
+        "years": "{0} taon",
+    }
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "Enero",
+        "Pebrero",
+        "Marso",
+        "Abril",
+        "Mayo",
+        "Hunyo",
+        "Hulyo",
+        "Agosto",
+        "Setyembre",
+        "Oktubre",
+        "Nobyembre",
+        "Disyembre",
+    ]
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "Ene",
+        "Peb",
+        "Mar",
+        "Abr",
+        "May",
+        "Hun",
+        "Hul",
+        "Ago",
+        "Set",
+        "Okt",
+        "Nob",
+        "Dis",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "Lunes",
+        "Martes",
+        "Miyerkules",
+        "Huwebes",
+        "Biyernes",
+        "Sabado",
+        "Linggo",
+    ]
+    day_abbreviations = ["", "Lun", "Mar", "Miy", "Huw", "Biy", "Sab", "Lin"]
+
+    meridians = {"am": "nu", "pm": "nh", "AM": "ng umaga", "PM": "ng hapon"}
+
+    def _ordinal_number(self, n: int) -> str:
+        return f"ika-{n}"
+
+
+class VietnameseLocale(Locale):
+    names = ["vi", "vi-vn"]
+
+    past = "{0} trước"
+    future = "{0} nữa"
+
+    timeframes = {
+        "now": "hiện tại",
+        "second": "một giây",
+        "seconds": "{0} giây",
+        "minute": "một phút",
+        "minutes": "{0} phút",
+        "hour": "một giờ",
+        "hours": "{0} giờ",
+        "day": "một ngày",
+        "days": "{0} ngày",
+        "week": "một tuần",
+        "weeks": "{0} tuần",
+        "month": "một tháng",
+        "months": "{0} tháng",
+        "year": "một năm",
+        "years": "{0} năm",
+    }
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "Tháng Một",
+        "Tháng Hai",
+        "Tháng Ba",
+        "Tháng Tư",
+        "Tháng Năm",
+        "Tháng Sáu",
+        "Tháng Bảy",
+        "Tháng Tám",
+        "Tháng Chín",
+        "Tháng Mười",
+        "Tháng Mười Một",
+        "Tháng Mười Hai",
+    ]
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "Tháng 1",
+        "Tháng 2",
+        "Tháng 3",
+        "Tháng 4",
+        "Tháng 5",
+        "Tháng 6",
+        "Tháng 7",
+        "Tháng 8",
+        "Tháng 9",
+        "Tháng 10",
+        "Tháng 11",
+        "Tháng 12",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "Thứ Hai",
+        "Thứ Ba",
+        "Thứ Tư",
+        "Thứ Năm",
+        "Thứ Sáu",
+        "Thứ Bảy",
+        "Chủ Nhật",
+    ]
+    day_abbreviations = ["", "Thứ 2", "Thứ 3", "Thứ 4", "Thứ 5", "Thứ 6", "Thứ 7", "CN"]
+
+
+class TurkishLocale(Locale):
+    names = ["tr", "tr-tr"]
+
+    past = "{0} önce"
+    future = "{0} sonra"
+    and_word = "ve"
+
+    timeframes = {
+        "now": "şimdi",
+        "second": "bir saniye",
+        "seconds": "{0} saniye",
+        "minute": "bir dakika",
+        "minutes": "{0} dakika",
+        "hour": "bir saat",
+        "hours": "{0} saat",
+        "day": "bir gün",
+        "days": "{0} gün",
+        "week": "bir hafta",
+        "weeks": "{0} hafta",
+        "month": "bir ay",
+        "months": "{0} ay",
+        "year": "bir yıl",
+        "years": "{0} yıl",
+    }
+
+    meridians = {"am": "öö", "pm": "ös", "AM": "ÖÖ", "PM": "ÖS"}
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "Ocak",
+        "Şubat",
+        "Mart",
+        "Nisan",
+        "Mayıs",
+        "Haziran",
+        "Temmuz",
+        "Ağustos",
+        "Eylül",
+        "Ekim",
+        "Kasım",
+        "Aralık",
+    ]
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "Oca",
+        "Şub",
+        "Mar",
+        "Nis",
+        "May",
+        "Haz",
+        "Tem",
+        "Ağu",
+        "Eyl",
+        "Eki",
+        "Kas",
+        "Ara",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "Pazartesi",
+        "Salı",
+        "Çarşamba",
+        "Perşembe",
+        "Cuma",
+        "Cumartesi",
+        "Pazar",
+    ]
+    day_abbreviations = ["", "Pzt", "Sal", "Çar", "Per", "Cum", "Cmt", "Paz"]
+
+
+class AzerbaijaniLocale(Locale):
+    names = ["az", "az-az"]
+
+    past = "{0} əvvəl"
+    future = "{0} sonra"
+
+    timeframes = {
+        "now": "indi",
+        "second": "bir saniyə",
+        "seconds": "{0} saniyə",
+        "minute": "bir dəqiqə",
+        "minutes": "{0} dəqiqə",
+        "hour": "bir saat",
+        "hours": "{0} saat",
+        "day": "bir gün",
+        "days": "{0} gün",
+        "week": "bir həftə",
+        "weeks": "{0} həftə",
+        "month": "bir ay",
+        "months": "{0} ay",
+        "year": "bir il",
+        "years": "{0} il",
+    }
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "Yanvar",
+        "Fevral",
+        "Mart",
+        "Aprel",
+        "May",
+        "İyun",
+        "İyul",
+        "Avqust",
+        "Sentyabr",
+        "Oktyabr",
+        "Noyabr",
+        "Dekabr",
+    ]
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "Yan",
+        "Fev",
+        "Mar",
+        "Apr",
+        "May",
+        "İyn",
+        "İyl",
+        "Avq",
+        "Sen",
+        "Okt",
+        "Noy",
+        "Dek",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "Bazar ertəsi",
+        "Çərşənbə axşamı",
+        "Çərşənbə",
+        "Cümə axşamı",
+        "Cümə",
+        "Şənbə",
+        "Bazar",
+    ]
+    day_abbreviations = ["", "Ber", "Çax", "Çər", "Cax", "Cüm", "Şnb", "Bzr"]
+
+
+class ArabicLocale(Locale):
+    names = [
+        "ar",
+        "ar-ae",
+        "ar-bh",
+        "ar-dj",
+        "ar-eg",
+        "ar-eh",
+        "ar-er",
+        "ar-km",
+        "ar-kw",
+        "ar-ly",
+        "ar-om",
+        "ar-qa",
+        "ar-sa",
+        "ar-sd",
+        "ar-so",
+        "ar-ss",
+        "ar-td",
+        "ar-ye",
+    ]
+
+    past = "منذ {0}"
+    future = "خلال {0}"
+
+    timeframes: ClassVar[Mapping[TimeFrameLiteral, Union[str, Mapping[str, str]]]] = {
+        "now": "الآن",
+        "second": "ثانية",
+        "seconds": {"2": "ثانيتين", "ten": "{0} ثوان", "higher": "{0} ثانية"},
+        "minute": "دقيقة",
+        "minutes": {"2": "دقيقتين", "ten": "{0} دقائق", "higher": "{0} دقيقة"},
+        "hour": "ساعة",
+        "hours": {"2": "ساعتين", "ten": "{0} ساعات", "higher": "{0} ساعة"},
+        "day": "يوم",
+        "days": {"2": "يومين", "ten": "{0} أيام", "higher": "{0} يوم"},
+        "month": "شهر",
+        "months": {"2": "شهرين", "ten": "{0} أشهر", "higher": "{0} شهر"},
+        "year": "سنة",
+        "years": {"2": "سنتين", "ten": "{0} سنوات", "higher": "{0} سنة"},
+    }
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "يناير",
+        "فبراير",
+        "مارس",
+        "أبريل",
+        "مايو",
+        "يونيو",
+        "يوليو",
+        "أغسطس",
+        "سبتمبر",
+        "أكتوبر",
+        "نوفمبر",
+        "ديسمبر",
+    ]
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "يناير",
+        "فبراير",
+        "مارس",
+        "أبريل",
+        "مايو",
+        "يونيو",
+        "يوليو",
+        "أغسطس",
+        "سبتمبر",
+        "أكتوبر",
+        "نوفمبر",
+        "ديسمبر",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "الإثنين",
+        "الثلاثاء",
+        "الأربعاء",
+        "الخميس",
+        "الجمعة",
+        "السبت",
+        "الأحد",
+    ]
+    day_abbreviations = ["", "إثنين", "ثلاثاء", "أربعاء", "خميس", "جمعة", "سبت", "أحد"]
+
+    def _format_timeframe(self, timeframe: TimeFrameLiteral, delta: int) -> str:
+        form = self.timeframes[timeframe]
+        delta = abs(delta)
+        if isinstance(form, Mapping):
+            if delta == 2:
+                form = form["2"]
+            elif 2 < delta <= 10:
+                form = form["ten"]
+            else:
+                form = form["higher"]
+
+        return form.format(delta)
+
+
+class LevantArabicLocale(ArabicLocale):
+    names = ["ar-iq", "ar-jo", "ar-lb", "ar-ps", "ar-sy"]
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "كانون الثاني",
+        "شباط",
+        "آذار",
+        "نيسان",
+        "أيار",
+        "حزيران",
+        "تموز",
+        "آب",
+        "أيلول",
+        "تشرين الأول",
+        "تشرين الثاني",
+        "كانون الأول",
+    ]
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "كانون الثاني",
+        "شباط",
+        "آذار",
+        "نيسان",
+        "أيار",
+        "حزيران",
+        "تموز",
+        "آب",
+        "أيلول",
+        "تشرين الأول",
+        "تشرين الثاني",
+        "كانون الأول",
+    ]
+
+
+class AlgeriaTunisiaArabicLocale(ArabicLocale):
+    names = ["ar-tn", "ar-dz"]
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "جانفي",
+        "فيفري",
+        "مارس",
+        "أفريل",
+        "ماي",
+        "جوان",
+        "جويلية",
+        "أوت",
+        "سبتمبر",
+        "أكتوبر",
+        "نوفمبر",
+        "ديسمبر",
+    ]
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "جانفي",
+        "فيفري",
+        "مارس",
+        "أفريل",
+        "ماي",
+        "جوان",
+        "جويلية",
+        "أوت",
+        "سبتمبر",
+        "أكتوبر",
+        "نوفمبر",
+        "ديسمبر",
+    ]
+
+
+class MauritaniaArabicLocale(ArabicLocale):
+    names = ["ar-mr"]
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "يناير",
+        "فبراير",
+        "مارس",
+        "إبريل",
+        "مايو",
+        "يونيو",
+        "يوليو",
+        "أغشت",
+        "شتمبر",
+        "أكتوبر",
+        "نوفمبر",
+        "دجمبر",
+    ]
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "يناير",
+        "فبراير",
+        "مارس",
+        "إبريل",
+        "مايو",
+        "يونيو",
+        "يوليو",
+        "أغشت",
+        "شتمبر",
+        "أكتوبر",
+        "نوفمبر",
+        "دجمبر",
+    ]
+
+
+class MoroccoArabicLocale(ArabicLocale):
+    names = ["ar-ma"]
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "يناير",
+        "فبراير",
+        "مارس",
+        "أبريل",
+        "ماي",
+        "يونيو",
+        "يوليوز",
+        "غشت",
+        "شتنبر",
+        "أكتوبر",
+        "نونبر",
+        "دجنبر",
+    ]
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "يناير",
+        "فبراير",
+        "مارس",
+        "أبريل",
+        "ماي",
+        "يونيو",
+        "يوليوز",
+        "غشت",
+        "شتنبر",
+        "أكتوبر",
+        "نونبر",
+        "دجنبر",
+    ]
+
+
+class IcelandicLocale(Locale):
+    def _format_timeframe(self, timeframe: TimeFrameLiteral, delta: int) -> str:
+        form = self.timeframes[timeframe]
+
+        if isinstance(form, Mapping):
+            if delta < 0:
+                form = form["past"]
+            elif delta > 0:
+                form = form["future"]
+            else:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "Icelandic Locale does not support units with a delta of zero. "
+                    "Please consider making a contribution to fix this issue."
+                )
+                # FIXME: handle when delta is 0
+
+        return form.format(abs(delta))
+
+    names = ["is", "is-is"]
+
+    past = "fyrir {0} síðan"
+    future = "eftir {0}"
+
+    timeframes: ClassVar[Mapping[TimeFrameLiteral, Union[str, Mapping[str, str]]]] = {
+        "now": "rétt í þessu",
+        "second": {"past": "sekúndu", "future": "sekúndu"},
+        "seconds": {"past": "{0} nokkrum sekúndum", "future": "nokkrar sekúndur"},
+        "minute": {"past": "einni mínútu", "future": "eina mínútu"},
+        "minutes": {"past": "{0} mínútum", "future": "{0} mínútur"},
+        "hour": {"past": "einum tíma", "future": "einn tíma"},
+        "hours": {"past": "{0} tímum", "future": "{0} tíma"},
+        "day": {"past": "einum degi", "future": "einn dag"},
+        "days": {"past": "{0} dögum", "future": "{0} daga"},
+        "month": {"past": "einum mánuði", "future": "einn mánuð"},
+        "months": {"past": "{0} mánuðum", "future": "{0} mánuði"},
+        "year": {"past": "einu ári", "future": "eitt ár"},
+        "years": {"past": "{0} árum", "future": "{0} ár"},
+    }
+
+    meridians = {"am": "f.h.", "pm": "e.h.", "AM": "f.h.", "PM": "e.h."}
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "janúar",
+        "febrúar",
+        "mars",
+        "apríl",
+        "maí",
+        "júní",
+        "júlí",
+        "ágúst",
+        "september",
+        "október",
+        "nóvember",
+        "desember",
+    ]
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "jan",
+        "feb",
+        "mar",
+        "apr",
+        "maí",
+        "jún",
+        "júl",
+        "ágú",
+        "sep",
+        "okt",
+        "nóv",
+        "des",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "mánudagur",
+        "þriðjudagur",
+        "miðvikudagur",
+        "fimmtudagur",
+        "föstudagur",
+        "laugardagur",
+        "sunnudagur",
+    ]
+    day_abbreviations = ["", "mán", "þri", "mið", "fim", "fös", "lau", "sun"]
+
+
+class DanishLocale(Locale):
+    names = ["da", "da-dk"]
+
+    past = "for {0} siden"
+    future = "om {0}"
+    and_word = "og"
+
+    timeframes = {
+        "now": "lige nu",
+        "second": "et sekund",
+        "seconds": "{0} sekunder",
+        "minute": "et minut",
+        "minutes": "{0} minutter",
+        "hour": "en time",
+        "hours": "{0} timer",
+        "day": "en dag",
+        "days": "{0} dage",
+        "week": "en uge",
+        "weeks": "{0} uger",
+        "month": "en måned",
+        "months": "{0} måneder",
+        "year": "et år",
+        "years": "{0} år",
+    }
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "januar",
+        "februar",
+        "marts",
+        "april",
+        "maj",
+        "juni",
+        "juli",
+        "august",
+        "september",
+        "oktober",
+        "november",
+        "december",
+    ]
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "jan",
+        "feb",
+        "mar",
+        "apr",
+        "maj",
+        "jun",
+        "jul",
+        "aug",
+        "sep",
+        "okt",
+        "nov",
+        "dec",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "mandag",
+        "tirsdag",
+        "onsdag",
+        "torsdag",
+        "fredag",
+        "lørdag",
+        "søndag",
+    ]
+    day_abbreviations = ["", "man", "tir", "ons", "tor", "fre", "lør", "søn"]
+
+    def _ordinal_number(self, n: int) -> str:
+        return f"{n}."
+
+
+class MalayalamLocale(Locale):
+    names = ["ml"]
+
+    past = "{0} മുമ്പ്"
+    future = "{0} ശേഷം"
+
+    timeframes = {
+        "now": "ഇപ്പോൾ",
+        "second": "ഒരു നിമിഷം",
+        "seconds": "{0} സെക്കന്റ്‌",
+        "minute": "ഒരു മിനിറ്റ്",
+        "minutes": "{0} മിനിറ്റ്",
+        "hour": "ഒരു മണിക്കൂർ",
+        "hours": "{0} മണിക്കൂർ",
+        "day": "ഒരു ദിവസം ",
+        "days": "{0} ദിവസം ",
+        "month": "ഒരു മാസം ",
+        "months": "{0} മാസം ",
+        "year": "ഒരു വർഷം ",
+        "years": "{0} വർഷം ",
+    }
+
+    meridians = {
+        "am": "രാവിലെ",
+        "pm": "ഉച്ചക്ക് ശേഷം",
+        "AM": "രാവിലെ",
+        "PM": "ഉച്ചക്ക് ശേഷം",
+    }
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "ജനുവരി",
+        "ഫെബ്രുവരി",
+        "മാർച്ച്‌",
+        "ഏപ്രിൽ ",
+        "മെയ്‌ ",
+        "ജൂണ്‍",
+        "ജൂലൈ",
+        "ഓഗസ്റ്റ്‌",
+        "സെപ്റ്റംബർ",
+        "ഒക്ടോബർ",
+        "നവംബർ",
+        "ഡിസംബർ",
+    ]
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "ജനു",
+        "ഫെബ് ",
+        "മാർ",
+        "ഏപ്രിൽ",
+        "മേയ്",
+        "ജൂണ്‍",
+        "ജൂലൈ",
+        "ഓഗസ്റ",
+        "സെപ്റ്റ",
+        "ഒക്ടോ",
+        "നവം",
+        "ഡിസം",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = ["", "തിങ്കള്‍", "ചൊവ്വ", "ബുധന്‍", "വ്യാഴം", "വെള്ളി", "ശനി", "ഞായര്‍"]
+    day_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "തിങ്കള്‍",
+        "ചൊവ്വ",
+        "ബുധന്‍",
+        "വ്യാഴം",
+        "വെള്ളി",
+        "ശനി",
+        "ഞായര്‍",
+    ]
+
+
+class HindiLocale(Locale):
+    names = ["hi", "hi-in"]
+
+    past = "{0} पहले"
+    future = "{0} बाद"
+
+    timeframes = {
+        "now": "अभी",
+        "second": "एक पल",
+        "seconds": "{0} सेकंड्",
+        "minute": "एक मिनट ",
+        "minutes": "{0} मिनट ",
+        "hour": "एक घंटा",
+        "hours": "{0} घंटे",
+        "day": "एक दिन",
+        "days": "{0} दिन",
+        "month": "एक माह ",
+        "months": "{0} महीने ",
+        "year": "एक वर्ष ",
+        "years": "{0} साल ",
+    }
+
+    meridians = {"am": "सुबह", "pm": "शाम", "AM": "सुबह", "PM": "शाम"}
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "जनवरी",
+        "फरवरी",
+        "मार्च",
+        "अप्रैल ",
+        "मई",
+        "जून",
+        "जुलाई",
+        "अगस्त",
+        "सितंबर",
+        "अक्टूबर",
+        "नवंबर",
+        "दिसंबर",
+    ]
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "जन",
+        "फ़र",
+        "मार्च",
+        "अप्रै",
+        "मई",
+        "जून",
+        "जुलाई",
+        "आग",
+        "सित",
+        "अकत",
+        "नवे",
+        "दिस",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "सोमवार",
+        "मंगलवार",
+        "बुधवार",
+        "गुरुवार",
+        "शुक्रवार",
+        "शनिवार",
+        "रविवार",
+    ]
+    day_abbreviations = ["", "सोम", "मंगल", "बुध", "गुरुवार", "शुक्र", "शनि", "रवि"]
+
+
+class CzechLocale(Locale):
+    names = ["cs", "cs-cz"]
+
+    timeframes: ClassVar[Mapping[TimeFrameLiteral, Union[str, Mapping[str, str]]]] = {
+        "now": "Teď",
+        "second": {"past": "vteřina", "future": "vteřina"},
+        "seconds": {
+            "zero": "vteřina",
+            "past": "{0} sekundami",
+            "future-singular": "{0} sekundy",
+            "future-paucal": "{0} sekund",
+        },
+        "minute": {"past": "minutou", "future": "minutu"},
+        "minutes": {
+            "zero": "{0} minut",
+            "past": "{0} minutami",
+            "future-singular": "{0} minuty",
+            "future-paucal": "{0} minut",
+        },
+        "hour": {"past": "hodinou", "future": "hodinu"},
+        "hours": {
+            "zero": "{0} hodin",
+            "past": "{0} hodinami",
+            "future-singular": "{0} hodiny",
+            "future-paucal": "{0} hodin",
+        },
+        "day": {"past": "dnem", "future": "den"},
+        "days": {
+            "zero": "{0} dnů",
+            "past": "{0} dny",
+            "future-singular": "{0} dny",
+            "future-paucal": "{0} dnů",
+        },
+        "week": {"past": "týdnem", "future": "týden"},
+        "weeks": {
+            "zero": "{0} týdnů",
+            "past": "{0} týdny",
+            "future-singular": "{0} týdny",
+            "future-paucal": "{0} týdnů",
+        },
+        "month": {"past": "měsícem", "future": "měsíc"},
+        "months": {
+            "zero": "{0} měsíců",
+            "past": "{0} měsíci",
+            "future-singular": "{0} měsíce",
+            "future-paucal": "{0} měsíců",
+        },
+        "year": {"past": "rokem", "future": "rok"},
+        "years": {
+            "zero": "{0} let",
+            "past": "{0} lety",
+            "future-singular": "{0} roky",
+            "future-paucal": "{0} let",
+        },
+    }
+
+    past = "Před {0}"
+    future = "Za {0}"
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "leden",
+        "únor",
+        "březen",
+        "duben",
+        "květen",
+        "červen",
+        "červenec",
+        "srpen",
+        "září",
+        "říjen",
+        "listopad",
+        "prosinec",
+    ]
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "led",
+        "úno",
+        "bře",
+        "dub",
+        "kvě",
+        "čvn",
+        "čvc",
+        "srp",
+        "zář",
+        "říj",
+        "lis",
+        "pro",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "pondělí",
+        "úterý",
+        "středa",
+        "čtvrtek",
+        "pátek",
+        "sobota",
+        "neděle",
+    ]
+    day_abbreviations = ["", "po", "út", "st", "čt", "pá", "so", "ne"]
+
+    def _format_timeframe(self, timeframe: TimeFrameLiteral, delta: int) -> str:
+        """Czech aware time frame format function, takes into account
+        the differences between past and future forms."""
+        abs_delta = abs(delta)
+        form = self.timeframes[timeframe]
+
+        if isinstance(form, str):
+            return form.format(abs_delta)
+
+        if delta == 0:
+            key = "zero"  # And *never* use 0 in the singular!
+        elif delta < 0:
+            key = "past"
+        else:
+            # Needed since both regular future and future-singular and future-paucal cases
+            if "future-singular" not in form:
+                key = "future"
+            elif 2 <= abs_delta % 10 <= 4 and (
+                abs_delta % 100 < 10 or abs_delta % 100 >= 20
+            ):
+                key = "future-singular"
+            else:
+                key = "future-paucal"
+
+        form: str = form[key]
+        return form.format(abs_delta)
+
+
+class SlovakLocale(Locale):
+    names = ["sk", "sk-sk"]
+
+    timeframes: ClassVar[Mapping[TimeFrameLiteral, Union[str, Mapping[str, str]]]] = {
+        "now": "Teraz",
+        "second": {"past": "sekundou", "future": "sekundu"},
+        "seconds": {
+            "zero": "{0} sekúnd",
+            "past": "{0} sekundami",
+            "future-singular": "{0} sekundy",
+            "future-paucal": "{0} sekúnd",
+        },
+        "minute": {"past": "minútou", "future": "minútu"},
+        "minutes": {
+            "zero": "{0} minút",
+            "past": "{0} minútami",
+            "future-singular": "{0} minúty",
+            "future-paucal": "{0} minút",
+        },
+        "hour": {"past": "hodinou", "future": "hodinu"},
+        "hours": {
+            "zero": "{0} hodín",
+            "past": "{0} hodinami",
+            "future-singular": "{0} hodiny",
+            "future-paucal": "{0} hodín",
+        },
+        "day": {"past": "dňom", "future": "deň"},
+        "days": {
+            "zero": "{0} dní",
+            "past": "{0} dňami",
+            "future-singular": "{0} dni",
+            "future-paucal": "{0} dní",
+        },
+        "week": {"past": "týždňom", "future": "týždeň"},
+        "weeks": {
+            "zero": "{0} týždňov",
+            "past": "{0} týždňami",
+            "future-singular": "{0} týždne",
+            "future-paucal": "{0} týždňov",
+        },
+        "month": {"past": "mesiacom", "future": "mesiac"},
+        "months": {
+            "zero": "{0} mesiacov",
+            "past": "{0} mesiacmi",
+            "future-singular": "{0} mesiace",
+            "future-paucal": "{0} mesiacov",
+        },
+        "year": {"past": "rokom", "future": "rok"},
+        "years": {
+            "zero": "{0} rokov",
+            "past": "{0} rokmi",
+            "future-singular": "{0} roky",
+            "future-paucal": "{0} rokov",
+        },
+    }
+
+    past = "Pred {0}"
+    future = "O {0}"
+    and_word = "a"
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "január",
+        "február",
+        "marec",
+        "apríl",
+        "máj",
+        "jún",
+        "júl",
+        "august",
+        "september",
+        "október",
+        "november",
+        "december",
+    ]
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "jan",
+        "feb",
+        "mar",
+        "apr",
+        "máj",
+        "jún",
+        "júl",
+        "aug",
+        "sep",
+        "okt",
+        "nov",
+        "dec",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "pondelok",
+        "utorok",
+        "streda",
+        "štvrtok",
+        "piatok",
+        "sobota",
+        "nedeľa",
+    ]
+    day_abbreviations = ["", "po", "ut", "st", "št", "pi", "so", "ne"]
+
+    def _format_timeframe(self, timeframe: TimeFrameLiteral, delta: int) -> str:
+        """Slovak aware time frame format function, takes into account
+        the differences between past and future forms."""
+        abs_delta = abs(delta)
+        form = self.timeframes[timeframe]
+
+        if isinstance(form, str):
+            return form.format(abs_delta)
+
+        if delta == 0:
+            key = "zero"  # And *never* use 0 in the singular!
+        elif delta < 0:
+            key = "past"
+        else:
+            if "future-singular" not in form:
+                key = "future"
+            elif 2 <= abs_delta % 10 <= 4 and (
+                abs_delta % 100 < 10 or abs_delta % 100 >= 20
+            ):
+                key = "future-singular"
+            else:
+                key = "future-paucal"
+
+        form: str = form[key]
+        return form.format(abs_delta)
+
+
+class FarsiLocale(Locale):
+    names = ["fa", "fa-ir"]
+
+    past = "{0} قبل"
+    future = "در {0}"
+
+    timeframes = {
+        "now": "اکنون",
+        "second": "یک لحظه",
+        "seconds": "{0} ثانیه",
+        "minute": "یک دقیقه",
+        "minutes": "{0} دقیقه",
+        "hour": "یک ساعت",
+        "hours": "{0} ساعت",
+        "day": "یک روز",
+        "days": "{0} روز",
+        "month": "یک ماه",
+        "months": "{0} ماه",
+        "year": "یک سال",
+        "years": "{0} سال",
+    }
+
+    meridians = {
+        "am": "قبل از ظهر",
+        "pm": "بعد از ظهر",
+        "AM": "قبل از ظهر",
+        "PM": "بعد از ظهر",
+    }
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "January",
+        "February",
+        "March",
+        "April",
+        "May",
+        "June",
+        "July",
+        "August",
+        "September",
+        "October",
+        "November",
+        "December",
+    ]
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "Jan",
+        "Feb",
+        "Mar",
+        "Apr",
+        "May",
+        "Jun",
+        "Jul",
+        "Aug",
+        "Sep",
+        "Oct",
+        "Nov",
+        "Dec",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "دو شنبه",
+        "سه شنبه",
+        "چهارشنبه",
+        "پنجشنبه",
+        "جمعه",
+        "شنبه",
+        "یکشنبه",
+    ]
+    day_abbreviations = ["", "Mon", "Tue", "Wed", "Thu", "Fri", "Sat", "Sun"]
+
+
+class HebrewLocale(Locale):
+    names = ["he", "he-il"]
+
+    past = "לפני {0}"
+    future = "בעוד {0}"
+    and_word = "ו"
+
+    timeframes: ClassVar[Mapping[TimeFrameLiteral, Union[str, Mapping[str, str]]]] = {
+        "now": "הרגע",
+        "second": "שנייה",
+        "seconds": "{0} שניות",
+        "minute": "דקה",
+        "minutes": "{0} דקות",
+        "hour": "שעה",
+        "hours": {"2": "שעתיים", "ten": "{0} שעות", "higher": "{0} שעות"},
+        "day": "יום",
+        "days": {"2": "יומיים", "ten": "{0} ימים", "higher": "{0} יום"},
+        "week": "שבוע",
+        "weeks": {"2": "שבועיים", "ten": "{0} שבועות", "higher": "{0} שבועות"},
+        "month": "חודש",
+        "months": {"2": "חודשיים", "ten": "{0} חודשים", "higher": "{0} חודשים"},
+        "year": "שנה",
+        "years": {"2": "שנתיים", "ten": "{0} שנים", "higher": "{0} שנה"},
+    }
+
+    meridians = {
+        "am": 'לפנ"צ',
+        "pm": 'אחר"צ',
+        "AM": "לפני הצהריים",
+        "PM": "אחרי הצהריים",
+    }
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "ינואר",
+        "פברואר",
+        "מרץ",
+        "אפריל",
+        "מאי",
+        "יוני",
+        "יולי",
+        "אוגוסט",
+        "ספטמבר",
+        "אוקטובר",
+        "נובמבר",
+        "דצמבר",
+    ]
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "ינו׳",
+        "פבר׳",
+        "מרץ",
+        "אפר׳",
+        "מאי",
+        "יוני",
+        "יולי",
+        "אוג׳",
+        "ספט׳",
+        "אוק׳",
+        "נוב׳",
+        "דצמ׳",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = ["", "שני", "שלישי", "רביעי", "חמישי", "שישי", "שבת", "ראשון"]
+    day_abbreviations = ["", "ב׳", "ג׳", "ד׳", "ה׳", "ו׳", "ש׳", "א׳"]
+
+    def _format_timeframe(self, timeframe: TimeFrameLiteral, delta: int) -> str:
+        form = self.timeframes[timeframe]
+        delta = abs(delta)
+        if isinstance(form, Mapping):
+            if delta == 2:
+                form = form["2"]
+            elif delta == 0 or 2 < delta <= 10:
+                form = form["ten"]
+            else:
+                form = form["higher"]
+
+        return form.format(delta)
+
+    def describe_multi(
+        self,
+        timeframes: Sequence[Tuple[TimeFrameLiteral, Union[int, float]]],
+        only_distance: bool = False,
+    ) -> str:
+        """Describes a delta within multiple timeframes in plain language.
+        In Hebrew, the and word behaves a bit differently.
+
+        :param timeframes: a list of string, quantity pairs each representing a timeframe and delta.
+        :param only_distance: return only distance eg: "2 hours and 11 seconds" without "in" or "ago" keywords
+        """
+
+        humanized = ""
+        for index, (timeframe, delta) in enumerate(timeframes):
+            last_humanized = self._format_timeframe(timeframe, trunc(delta))
+            if index == 0:
+                humanized = last_humanized
+            elif index == len(timeframes) - 1:  # Must have at least 2 items
+                humanized += " " + self.and_word
+                if last_humanized[0].isdecimal():
+                    humanized += "־"
+                humanized += last_humanized
+            else:  # Don't add for the last one
+                humanized += ", " + last_humanized
+
+        if not only_distance:
+            humanized = self._format_relative(humanized, timeframe, trunc(delta))
+
+        return humanized
+
+
+class MarathiLocale(Locale):
+    names = ["mr"]
+
+    past = "{0} आधी"
+    future = "{0} नंतर"
+
+    timeframes = {
+        "now": "सद्य",
+        "second": "एक सेकंद",
+        "seconds": "{0} सेकंद",
+        "minute": "एक मिनिट ",
+        "minutes": "{0} मिनिट ",
+        "hour": "एक तास",
+        "hours": "{0} तास",
+        "day": "एक दिवस",
+        "days": "{0} दिवस",
+        "month": "एक महिना ",
+        "months": "{0} महिने ",
+        "year": "एक वर्ष ",
+        "years": "{0} वर्ष ",
+    }
+
+    meridians = {"am": "सकाळ", "pm": "संध्याकाळ", "AM": "सकाळ", "PM": "संध्याकाळ"}
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "जानेवारी",
+        "फेब्रुवारी",
+        "मार्च",
+        "एप्रिल",
+        "मे",
+        "जून",
+        "जुलै",
+        "अॉगस्ट",
+        "सप्टेंबर",
+        "अॉक्टोबर",
+        "नोव्हेंबर",
+        "डिसेंबर",
+    ]
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "जान",
+        "फेब्रु",
+        "मार्च",
+        "एप्रि",
+        "मे",
+        "जून",
+        "जुलै",
+        "अॉग",
+        "सप्टें",
+        "अॉक्टो",
+        "नोव्हें",
+        "डिसें",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "सोमवार",
+        "मंगळवार",
+        "बुधवार",
+        "गुरुवार",
+        "शुक्रवार",
+        "शनिवार",
+        "रविवार",
+    ]
+    day_abbreviations = ["", "सोम", "मंगळ", "बुध", "गुरु", "शुक्र", "शनि", "रवि"]
+
+
+class CatalanLocale(Locale):
+    names = ["ca", "ca-es", "ca-ad", "ca-fr", "ca-it"]
+    past = "Fa {0}"
+    future = "En {0}"
+    and_word = "i"
+
+    timeframes = {
+        "now": "Ara mateix",
+        "second": "un segon",
+        "seconds": "{0} segons",
+        "minute": "un minut",
+        "minutes": "{0} minuts",
+        "hour": "una hora",
+        "hours": "{0} hores",
+        "day": "un dia",
+        "days": "{0} dies",
+        "month": "un mes",
+        "months": "{0} mesos",
+        "year": "un any",
+        "years": "{0} anys",
+    }
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "gener",
+        "febrer",
+        "març",
+        "abril",
+        "maig",
+        "juny",
+        "juliol",
+        "agost",
+        "setembre",
+        "octubre",
+        "novembre",
+        "desembre",
+    ]
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "gen.",
+        "febr.",
+        "març",
+        "abr.",
+        "maig",
+        "juny",
+        "jul.",
+        "ag.",
+        "set.",
+        "oct.",
+        "nov.",
+        "des.",
+    ]
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "dilluns",
+        "dimarts",
+        "dimecres",
+        "dijous",
+        "divendres",
+        "dissabte",
+        "diumenge",
+    ]
+    day_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "dl.",
+        "dt.",
+        "dc.",
+        "dj.",
+        "dv.",
+        "ds.",
+        "dg.",
+    ]
+
+
+class BasqueLocale(Locale):
+    names = ["eu", "eu-eu"]
+    past = "duela {0}"
+    future = "{0}"  # I don't know what's the right phrase in Basque for the future.
+
+    timeframes = {
+        "now": "Orain",
+        "second": "segundo bat",
+        "seconds": "{0} segundu",
+        "minute": "minutu bat",
+        "minutes": "{0} minutu",
+        "hour": "ordu bat",
+        "hours": "{0} ordu",
+        "day": "egun bat",
+        "days": "{0} egun",
+        "month": "hilabete bat",
+        "months": "{0} hilabet",
+        "year": "urte bat",
+        "years": "{0} urte",
+    }
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "urtarrilak",
+        "otsailak",
+        "martxoak",
+        "apirilak",
+        "maiatzak",
+        "ekainak",
+        "uztailak",
+        "abuztuak",
+        "irailak",
+        "urriak",
+        "azaroak",
+        "abenduak",
+    ]
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "urt",
+        "ots",
+        "mar",
+        "api",
+        "mai",
+        "eka",
+        "uzt",
+        "abu",
+        "ira",
+        "urr",
+        "aza",
+        "abe",
+    ]
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "astelehena",
+        "asteartea",
+        "asteazkena",
+        "osteguna",
+        "ostirala",
+        "larunbata",
+        "igandea",
+    ]
+    day_abbreviations = ["", "al", "ar", "az", "og", "ol", "lr", "ig"]
+
+
+class HungarianLocale(Locale):
+    names = ["hu", "hu-hu"]
+
+    past = "{0} ezelőtt"
+    future = "{0} múlva"
+
+    timeframes: ClassVar[Mapping[TimeFrameLiteral, Union[str, Mapping[str, str]]]] = {
+        "now": "éppen most",
+        "second": {"past": "egy második", "future": "egy második"},
+        "seconds": {"past": "{0} másodpercekkel", "future": "{0} pár másodperc"},
+        "minute": {"past": "egy perccel", "future": "egy perc"},
+        "minutes": {"past": "{0} perccel", "future": "{0} perc"},
+        "hour": {"past": "egy órával", "future": "egy óra"},
+        "hours": {"past": "{0} órával", "future": "{0} óra"},
+        "day": {"past": "egy nappal", "future": "egy nap"},
+        "days": {"past": "{0} nappal", "future": "{0} nap"},
+        "month": {"past": "egy hónappal", "future": "egy hónap"},
+        "months": {"past": "{0} hónappal", "future": "{0} hónap"},
+        "year": {"past": "egy évvel", "future": "egy év"},
+        "years": {"past": "{0} évvel", "future": "{0} év"},
+    }
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "január",
+        "február",
+        "március",
+        "április",
+        "május",
+        "június",
+        "július",
+        "augusztus",
+        "szeptember",
+        "október",
+        "november",
+        "december",
+    ]
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "jan",
+        "febr",
+        "márc",
+        "ápr",
+        "máj",
+        "jún",
+        "júl",
+        "aug",
+        "szept",
+        "okt",
+        "nov",
+        "dec",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "hétfő",
+        "kedd",
+        "szerda",
+        "csütörtök",
+        "péntek",
+        "szombat",
+        "vasárnap",
+    ]
+    day_abbreviations = ["", "hét", "kedd", "szer", "csüt", "pént", "szom", "vas"]
+
+    meridians = {"am": "de", "pm": "du", "AM": "DE", "PM": "DU"}
+
+    def _format_timeframe(self, timeframe: TimeFrameLiteral, delta: int) -> str:
+        form = self.timeframes[timeframe]
+
+        if isinstance(form, Mapping):
+            if delta > 0:
+                form = form["future"]
+            else:
+                form = form["past"]
+
+        return form.format(abs(delta))
+
+
+class EsperantoLocale(Locale):
+    names = ["eo", "eo-xx"]
+    past = "antaŭ {0}"
+    future = "post {0}"
+
+    timeframes = {
+        "now": "nun",
+        "second": "sekundo",
+        "seconds": "{0} kelkaj sekundoj",
+        "minute": "unu minuto",
+        "minutes": "{0} minutoj",
+        "hour": "un horo",
+        "hours": "{0} horoj",
+        "day": "unu tago",
+        "days": "{0} tagoj",
+        "month": "unu monato",
+        "months": "{0} monatoj",
+        "year": "unu jaro",
+        "years": "{0} jaroj",
+    }
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "januaro",
+        "februaro",
+        "marto",
+        "aprilo",
+        "majo",
+        "junio",
+        "julio",
+        "aŭgusto",
+        "septembro",
+        "oktobro",
+        "novembro",
+        "decembro",
+    ]
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "jan",
+        "feb",
+        "mar",
+        "apr",
+        "maj",
+        "jun",
+        "jul",
+        "aŭg",
+        "sep",
+        "okt",
+        "nov",
+        "dec",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "lundo",
+        "mardo",
+        "merkredo",
+        "ĵaŭdo",
+        "vendredo",
+        "sabato",
+        "dimanĉo",
+    ]
+    day_abbreviations = ["", "lun", "mar", "mer", "ĵaŭ", "ven", "sab", "dim"]
+
+    meridians = {"am": "atm", "pm": "ptm", "AM": "ATM", "PM": "PTM"}
+
+    ordinal_day_re = r"((?P<value>[1-3]?[0-9](?=a))a)"
+
+    def _ordinal_number(self, n: int) -> str:
+        return f"{n}a"
+
+
+class ThaiLocale(Locale):
+    names = ["th", "th-th"]
+
+    past = "{0} ที่ผ่านมา"
+    future = "ในอีก {0}"
+
+    timeframes = {
+        "now": "ขณะนี้",
+        "second": "วินาที",
+        "seconds": "{0} ไม่กี่วินาที",
+        "minute": "1 นาที",
+        "minutes": "{0} นาที",
+        "hour": "1 ชั่วโมง",
+        "hours": "{0} ชั่วโมง",
+        "day": "1 วัน",
+        "days": "{0} วัน",
+        "month": "1 เดือน",
+        "months": "{0} เดือน",
+        "year": "1 ปี",
+        "years": "{0} ปี",
+    }
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "มกราคม",
+        "กุมภาพันธ์",
+        "มีนาคม",
+        "เมษายน",
+        "พฤษภาคม",
+        "มิถุนายน",
+        "กรกฎาคม",
+        "สิงหาคม",
+        "กันยายน",
+        "ตุลาคม",
+        "พฤศจิกายน",
+        "ธันวาคม",
+    ]
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "ม.ค.",
+        "ก.พ.",
+        "มี.ค.",
+        "เม.ย.",
+        "พ.ค.",
+        "มิ.ย.",
+        "ก.ค.",
+        "ส.ค.",
+        "ก.ย.",
+        "ต.ค.",
+        "พ.ย.",
+        "ธ.ค.",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = ["", "จันทร์", "อังคาร", "พุธ", "พฤหัสบดี", "ศุกร์", "เสาร์", "อาทิตย์"]
+    day_abbreviations = ["", "จ", "อ", "พ", "พฤ", "ศ", "ส", "อา"]
+
+    meridians = {"am": "am", "pm": "pm", "AM": "AM", "PM": "PM"}
+
+    BE_OFFSET = 543
+
+    def year_full(self, year: int) -> str:
+        """Thai always use Buddhist Era (BE) which is CE + 543"""
+        year += self.BE_OFFSET
+        return f"{year:04d}"
+
+    def year_abbreviation(self, year: int) -> str:
+        """Thai always use Buddhist Era (BE) which is CE + 543"""
+        year += self.BE_OFFSET
+        return f"{year:04d}"[2:]
+
+    def _format_relative(
+        self,
+        humanized: str,
+        timeframe: TimeFrameLiteral,
+        delta: Union[float, int],
+    ) -> str:
+        """Thai normally doesn't have any space between words"""
+        if timeframe == "now":
+            return humanized
+
+        direction = self.past if delta < 0 else self.future
+        relative_string = direction.format(humanized)
+
+        if timeframe == "seconds":
+            relative_string = relative_string.replace(" ", "")
+
+        return relative_string
+
+
+class LaotianLocale(Locale):
+
+    names = ["lo", "lo-la"]
+
+    past = "{0} ກ່ອນຫນ້ານີ້"
+    future = "ໃນ {0}"
+
+    timeframes = {
+        "now": "ດຽວນີ້",
+        "second": "ວິນາທີ",
+        "seconds": "{0} ວິນາທີ",
+        "minute": "ນາທີ",
+        "minutes": "{0} ນາທີ",
+        "hour": "ຊົ່ວໂມງ",
+        "hours": "{0} ຊົ່ວໂມງ",
+        "day": "ມື້",
+        "days": "{0} ມື້",
+        "week": "ອາທິດ",
+        "weeks": "{0} ອາທິດ",
+        "month": "ເດືອນ",
+        "months": "{0} ເດືອນ",
+        "year": "ປີ",
+        "years": "{0} ປີ",
+    }
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "ມັງກອນ",  # mangkon
+        "ກຸມພາ",  # kumpha
+        "ມີນາ",  # mina
+        "ເມສາ",  # mesa
+        "ພຶດສະພາ",  # phudsapha
+        "ມິຖຸນາ",  # mithuna
+        "ກໍລະກົດ",  # kolakod
+        "ສິງຫາ",  # singha
+        "ກັນຍາ",  # knaia
+        "ຕຸລາ",  # tula
+        "ພະຈິກ",  # phachik
+        "ທັນວາ",  # thanuaa
+    ]
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "ມັງກອນ",
+        "ກຸມພາ",
+        "ມີນາ",
+        "ເມສາ",
+        "ພຶດສະພາ",
+        "ມິຖຸນາ",
+        "ກໍລະກົດ",
+        "ສິງຫາ",
+        "ກັນຍາ",
+        "ຕຸລາ",
+        "ພະຈິກ",
+        "ທັນວາ",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "ວັນຈັນ",  # vanchan
+        "ວັນອັງຄານ",  # vnoangkhan
+        "ວັນພຸດ",  # vanphud
+        "ວັນພະຫັດ",  # vanphahad
+        "ວັນ​ສຸກ",  # vansuk
+        "ວັນເສົາ",  # vansao
+        "ວັນອາທິດ",  # vnoathid
+    ]
+    day_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "ວັນຈັນ",
+        "ວັນອັງຄານ",
+        "ວັນພຸດ",
+        "ວັນພະຫັດ",
+        "ວັນ​ສຸກ",
+        "ວັນເສົາ",
+        "ວັນອາທິດ",
+    ]
+
+    BE_OFFSET = 543
+
+    def year_full(self, year: int) -> str:
+        """Lao always use Buddhist Era (BE) which is CE + 543"""
+        year += self.BE_OFFSET
+        return f"{year:04d}"
+
+    def year_abbreviation(self, year: int) -> str:
+        """Lao always use Buddhist Era (BE) which is CE + 543"""
+        year += self.BE_OFFSET
+        return f"{year:04d}"[2:]
+
+    def _format_relative(
+        self,
+        humanized: str,
+        timeframe: TimeFrameLiteral,
+        delta: Union[float, int],
+    ) -> str:
+        """Lao normally doesn't have any space between words"""
+        if timeframe == "now":
+            return humanized
+
+        direction = self.past if delta < 0 else self.future
+        relative_string = direction.format(humanized)
+
+        if timeframe == "seconds":
+            relative_string = relative_string.replace(" ", "")
+
+        return relative_string
+
+
+class BengaliLocale(Locale):
+    names = ["bn", "bn-bd", "bn-in"]
+
+    past = "{0} আগে"
+    future = "{0} পরে"
+
+    timeframes = {
+        "now": "এখন",
+        "second": "একটি দ্বিতীয়",
+        "seconds": "{0} সেকেন্ড",
+        "minute": "এক মিনিট",
+        "minutes": "{0} মিনিট",
+        "hour": "এক ঘণ্টা",
+        "hours": "{0} ঘণ্টা",
+        "day": "এক দিন",
+        "days": "{0} দিন",
+        "month": "এক মাস",
+        "months": "{0} মাস ",
+        "year": "এক বছর",
+        "years": "{0} বছর",
+    }
+
+    meridians = {"am": "সকাল", "pm": "বিকাল", "AM": "সকাল", "PM": "বিকাল"}
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "জানুয়ারি",
+        "ফেব্রুয়ারি",
+        "মার্চ",
+        "এপ্রিল",
+        "মে",
+        "জুন",
+        "জুলাই",
+        "আগস্ট",
+        "সেপ্টেম্বর",
+        "অক্টোবর",
+        "নভেম্বর",
+        "ডিসেম্বর",
+    ]
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "জানু",
+        "ফেব",
+        "মার্চ",
+        "এপ্রি",
+        "মে",
+        "জুন",
+        "জুল",
+        "অগা",
+        "সেপ্ট",
+        "অক্টো",
+        "নভে",
+        "ডিসে",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "সোমবার",
+        "মঙ্গলবার",
+        "বুধবার",
+        "বৃহস্পতিবার",
+        "শুক্রবার",
+        "শনিবার",
+        "রবিবার",
+    ]
+    day_abbreviations = ["", "সোম", "মঙ্গল", "বুধ", "বৃহঃ", "শুক্র", "শনি", "রবি"]
+
+    def _ordinal_number(self, n: int) -> str:
+        if n > 10 or n == 0:
+            return f"{n}তম"
+        if n in [1, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10]:
+            return f"{n}ম"
+        if n in [2, 3]:
+            return f"{n}য়"
+        if n == 4:
+            return f"{n}র্থ"
+        if n == 6:
+            return f"{n}ষ্ঠ"
+
+
+class RomanshLocale(Locale):
+    names = ["rm", "rm-ch"]
+
+    past = "avant {0}"
+    future = "en {0}"
+
+    timeframes = {
+        "now": "en quest mument",
+        "second": "in secunda",
+        "seconds": "{0} secundas",
+        "minute": "ina minuta",
+        "minutes": "{0} minutas",
+        "hour": "in'ura",
+        "hours": "{0} ura",
+        "day": "in di",
+        "days": "{0} dis",
+        "month": "in mais",
+        "months": "{0} mais",
+        "year": "in onn",
+        "years": "{0} onns",
+    }
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "schaner",
+        "favrer",
+        "mars",
+        "avrigl",
+        "matg",
+        "zercladur",
+        "fanadur",
+        "avust",
+        "settember",
+        "october",
+        "november",
+        "december",
+    ]
+
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "schan",
+        "fav",
+        "mars",
+        "avr",
+        "matg",
+        "zer",
+        "fan",
+        "avu",
+        "set",
+        "oct",
+        "nov",
+        "dec",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "glindesdi",
+        "mardi",
+        "mesemna",
+        "gievgia",
+        "venderdi",
+        "sonda",
+        "dumengia",
+    ]
+
+    day_abbreviations = ["", "gli", "ma", "me", "gie", "ve", "so", "du"]
+
+
+class RomanianLocale(Locale):
+    names = ["ro", "ro-ro"]
+
+    past = "{0} în urmă"
+    future = "peste {0}"
+    and_word = "și"
+
+    timeframes = {
+        "now": "acum",
+        "second": "o secunda",
+        "seconds": "{0} câteva secunde",
+        "minute": "un minut",
+        "minutes": "{0} minute",
+        "hour": "o oră",
+        "hours": "{0} ore",
+        "day": "o zi",
+        "days": "{0} zile",
+        "month": "o lună",
+        "months": "{0} luni",
+        "year": "un an",
+        "years": "{0} ani",
+    }
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "ianuarie",
+        "februarie",
+        "martie",
+        "aprilie",
+        "mai",
+        "iunie",
+        "iulie",
+        "august",
+        "septembrie",
+        "octombrie",
+        "noiembrie",
+        "decembrie",
+    ]
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "ian",
+        "febr",
+        "mart",
+        "apr",
+        "mai",
+        "iun",
+        "iul",
+        "aug",
+        "sept",
+        "oct",
+        "nov",
+        "dec",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "luni",
+        "marți",
+        "miercuri",
+        "joi",
+        "vineri",
+        "sâmbătă",
+        "duminică",
+    ]
+    day_abbreviations = ["", "Lun", "Mar", "Mie", "Joi", "Vin", "Sâm", "Dum"]
+
+
+class SlovenianLocale(Locale):
+    names = ["sl", "sl-si"]
+
+    past = "pred {0}"
+    future = "čez {0}"
+    and_word = "in"
+
+    timeframes = {
+        "now": "zdaj",
+        "second": "sekundo",
+        "seconds": "{0} sekund",
+        "minute": "minuta",
+        "minutes": "{0} minutami",
+        "hour": "uro",
+        "hours": "{0} ur",
+        "day": "dan",
+        "days": "{0} dni",
+        "month": "mesec",
+        "months": "{0} mesecev",
+        "year": "leto",
+        "years": "{0} let",
+    }
+
+    meridians = {"am": "", "pm": "", "AM": "", "PM": ""}
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "Januar",
+        "Februar",
+        "Marec",
+        "April",
+        "Maj",
+        "Junij",
+        "Julij",
+        "Avgust",
+        "September",
+        "Oktober",
+        "November",
+        "December",
+    ]
+
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "Jan",
+        "Feb",
+        "Mar",
+        "Apr",
+        "Maj",
+        "Jun",
+        "Jul",
+        "Avg",
+        "Sep",
+        "Okt",
+        "Nov",
+        "Dec",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "Ponedeljek",
+        "Torek",
+        "Sreda",
+        "Četrtek",
+        "Petek",
+        "Sobota",
+        "Nedelja",
+    ]
+
+    day_abbreviations = ["", "Pon", "Tor", "Sre", "Čet", "Pet", "Sob", "Ned"]
+
+
+class IndonesianLocale(Locale):
+    names = ["id", "id-id"]
+
+    past = "{0} yang lalu"
+    future = "dalam {0}"
+    and_word = "dan"
+
+    timeframes = {
+        "now": "baru saja",
+        "second": "1 sebentar",
+        "seconds": "{0} detik",
+        "minute": "1 menit",
+        "minutes": "{0} menit",
+        "hour": "1 jam",
+        "hours": "{0} jam",
+        "day": "1 hari",
+        "days": "{0} hari",
+        "week": "1 minggu",
+        "weeks": "{0} minggu",
+        "month": "1 bulan",
+        "months": "{0} bulan",
+        "quarter": "1 kuartal",
+        "quarters": "{0} kuartal",
+        "year": "1 tahun",
+        "years": "{0} tahun",
+    }
+
+    meridians = {"am": "", "pm": "", "AM": "", "PM": ""}
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "Januari",
+        "Februari",
+        "Maret",
+        "April",
+        "Mei",
+        "Juni",
+        "Juli",
+        "Agustus",
+        "September",
+        "Oktober",
+        "November",
+        "Desember",
+    ]
+
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "Jan",
+        "Feb",
+        "Mar",
+        "Apr",
+        "Mei",
+        "Jun",
+        "Jul",
+        "Ags",
+        "Sept",
+        "Okt",
+        "Nov",
+        "Des",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = ["", "Senin", "Selasa", "Rabu", "Kamis", "Jumat", "Sabtu", "Minggu"]
+
+    day_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "Senin",
+        "Selasa",
+        "Rabu",
+        "Kamis",
+        "Jumat",
+        "Sabtu",
+        "Minggu",
+    ]
+
+
+class NepaliLocale(Locale):
+    names = ["ne", "ne-np"]
+
+    past = "{0} पहिले"
+    future = "{0} पछी"
+
+    timeframes = {
+        "now": "अहिले",
+        "second": "एक सेकेन्ड",
+        "seconds": "{0} सेकण्ड",
+        "minute": "मिनेट",
+        "minutes": "{0} मिनेट",
+        "hour": "एक घण्टा",
+        "hours": "{0} घण्टा",
+        "day": "एक दिन",
+        "days": "{0} दिन",
+        "month": "एक महिना",
+        "months": "{0} महिना",
+        "year": "एक बर्ष",
+        "years": "{0} बर्ष",
+    }
+
+    meridians = {"am": "पूर्वाह्न", "pm": "अपरान्ह", "AM": "पूर्वाह्न", "PM": "अपरान्ह"}
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "जनवरी",
+        "फेब्रुअरी",
+        "मार्च",
+        "एप्रील",
+        "मे",
+        "जुन",
+        "जुलाई",
+        "अगष्ट",
+        "सेप्टेम्बर",
+        "अक्टोबर",
+        "नोवेम्बर",
+        "डिसेम्बर",
+    ]
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "जन",
+        "फेब",
+        "मार्च",
+        "एप्रील",
+        "मे",
+        "जुन",
+        "जुलाई",
+        "अग",
+        "सेप",
+        "अक्ट",
+        "नोव",
+        "डिस",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "सोमवार",
+        "मंगलवार",
+        "बुधवार",
+        "बिहिवार",
+        "शुक्रवार",
+        "शनिवार",
+        "आइतवार",
+    ]
+
+    day_abbreviations = ["", "सोम", "मंगल", "बुध", "बिहि", "शुक्र", "शनि", "आइत"]
+
+
+class EstonianLocale(Locale):
+    names = ["ee", "et"]
+
+    past = "{0} tagasi"
+    future = "{0} pärast"
+    and_word = "ja"
+
+    timeframes: ClassVar[Mapping[TimeFrameLiteral, Mapping[str, str]]] = {
+        "now": {"past": "just nüüd", "future": "just nüüd"},
+        "second": {"past": "üks sekund", "future": "ühe sekundi"},
+        "seconds": {"past": "{0} sekundit", "future": "{0} sekundi"},
+        "minute": {"past": "üks minut", "future": "ühe minuti"},
+        "minutes": {"past": "{0} minutit", "future": "{0} minuti"},
+        "hour": {"past": "tund aega", "future": "tunni aja"},
+        "hours": {"past": "{0} tundi", "future": "{0} tunni"},
+        "day": {"past": "üks päev", "future": "ühe päeva"},
+        "days": {"past": "{0} päeva", "future": "{0} päeva"},
+        "month": {"past": "üks kuu", "future": "ühe kuu"},
+        "months": {"past": "{0} kuud", "future": "{0} kuu"},
+        "year": {"past": "üks aasta", "future": "ühe aasta"},
+        "years": {"past": "{0} aastat", "future": "{0} aasta"},
+    }
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "Jaanuar",
+        "Veebruar",
+        "Märts",
+        "Aprill",
+        "Mai",
+        "Juuni",
+        "Juuli",
+        "August",
+        "September",
+        "Oktoober",
+        "November",
+        "Detsember",
+    ]
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "Jan",
+        "Veb",
+        "Mär",
+        "Apr",
+        "Mai",
+        "Jun",
+        "Jul",
+        "Aug",
+        "Sep",
+        "Okt",
+        "Nov",
+        "Dets",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "Esmaspäev",
+        "Teisipäev",
+        "Kolmapäev",
+        "Neljapäev",
+        "Reede",
+        "Laupäev",
+        "Pühapäev",
+    ]
+    day_abbreviations = ["", "Esm", "Teis", "Kolm", "Nelj", "Re", "Lau", "Püh"]
+
+    def _format_timeframe(self, timeframe: TimeFrameLiteral, delta: int) -> str:
+        form = self.timeframes[timeframe]
+        if delta > 0:
+            _form = form["future"]
+        else:
+            _form = form["past"]
+        return _form.format(abs(delta))
+
+
+class LatvianLocale(Locale):
+    names = ["lv", "lv-lv"]
+
+    past = "pirms {0}"
+    future = "pēc {0}"
+    and_word = "un"
+
+    timeframes: ClassVar[Mapping[TimeFrameLiteral, Union[str, Mapping[str, str]]]] = {
+        "now": "tagad",
+        "second": "sekundes",
+        "seconds": "{0} sekundēm",
+        "minute": "minūtes",
+        "minutes": "{0} minūtēm",
+        "hour": "stundas",
+        "hours": "{0} stundām",
+        "day": "dienas",
+        "days": "{0} dienām",
+        "week": "nedēļas",
+        "weeks": "{0} nedēļām",
+        "month": "mēneša",
+        "months": "{0} mēnešiem",
+        "year": "gada",
+        "years": "{0} gadiem",
+    }
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "janvāris",
+        "februāris",
+        "marts",
+        "aprīlis",
+        "maijs",
+        "jūnijs",
+        "jūlijs",
+        "augusts",
+        "septembris",
+        "oktobris",
+        "novembris",
+        "decembris",
+    ]
+
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "jan",
+        "feb",
+        "marts",
+        "apr",
+        "maijs",
+        "jūnijs",
+        "jūlijs",
+        "aug",
+        "sept",
+        "okt",
+        "nov",
+        "dec",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "pirmdiena",
+        "otrdiena",
+        "trešdiena",
+        "ceturtdiena",
+        "piektdiena",
+        "sestdiena",
+        "svētdiena",
+    ]
+
+    day_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "pi",
+        "ot",
+        "tr",
+        "ce",
+        "pi",
+        "se",
+        "sv",
+    ]
+
+
+class SwahiliLocale(Locale):
+    names = [
+        "sw",
+        "sw-ke",
+        "sw-tz",
+    ]
+
+    past = "{0} iliyopita"
+    future = "muda wa {0}"
+    and_word = "na"
+
+    timeframes = {
+        "now": "sasa hivi",
+        "second": "sekunde",
+        "seconds": "sekunde {0}",
+        "minute": "dakika moja",
+        "minutes": "dakika {0}",
+        "hour": "saa moja",
+        "hours": "saa {0}",
+        "day": "siku moja",
+        "days": "siku {0}",
+        "week": "wiki moja",
+        "weeks": "wiki {0}",
+        "month": "mwezi moja",
+        "months": "miezi {0}",
+        "year": "mwaka moja",
+        "years": "miaka {0}",
+    }
+
+    meridians = {"am": "asu", "pm": "mch", "AM": "ASU", "PM": "MCH"}
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "Januari",
+        "Februari",
+        "Machi",
+        "Aprili",
+        "Mei",
+        "Juni",
+        "Julai",
+        "Agosti",
+        "Septemba",
+        "Oktoba",
+        "Novemba",
+        "Desemba",
+    ]
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "Jan",
+        "Feb",
+        "Mac",
+        "Apr",
+        "Mei",
+        "Jun",
+        "Jul",
+        "Ago",
+        "Sep",
+        "Okt",
+        "Nov",
+        "Des",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "Jumatatu",
+        "Jumanne",
+        "Jumatano",
+        "Alhamisi",
+        "Ijumaa",
+        "Jumamosi",
+        "Jumapili",
+    ]
+    day_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "Jumatatu",
+        "Jumanne",
+        "Jumatano",
+        "Alhamisi",
+        "Ijumaa",
+        "Jumamosi",
+        "Jumapili",
+    ]
+
+
+class CroatianLocale(Locale):
+    names = ["hr", "hr-hr"]
+
+    past = "prije {0}"
+    future = "za {0}"
+    and_word = "i"
+
+    timeframes: ClassVar[Mapping[TimeFrameLiteral, Union[str, Mapping[str, str]]]] = {
+        "now": "upravo sad",
+        "second": "sekundu",
+        "seconds": {"double": "{0} sekunde", "higher": "{0} sekundi"},
+        "minute": "minutu",
+        "minutes": {"double": "{0} minute", "higher": "{0} minuta"},
+        "hour": "sat",
+        "hours": {"double": "{0} sata", "higher": "{0} sati"},
+        "day": "jedan dan",
+        "days": {"double": "{0} dana", "higher": "{0} dana"},
+        "week": "tjedan",
+        "weeks": {"double": "{0} tjedna", "higher": "{0} tjedana"},
+        "month": "mjesec",
+        "months": {"double": "{0} mjeseca", "higher": "{0} mjeseci"},
+        "year": "godinu",
+        "years": {"double": "{0} godine", "higher": "{0} godina"},
+    }
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "siječanj",
+        "veljača",
+        "ožujak",
+        "travanj",
+        "svibanj",
+        "lipanj",
+        "srpanj",
+        "kolovoz",
+        "rujan",
+        "listopad",
+        "studeni",
+        "prosinac",
+    ]
+
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "siječ",
+        "velj",
+        "ožuj",
+        "trav",
+        "svib",
+        "lip",
+        "srp",
+        "kol",
+        "ruj",
+        "list",
+        "stud",
+        "pros",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "ponedjeljak",
+        "utorak",
+        "srijeda",
+        "četvrtak",
+        "petak",
+        "subota",
+        "nedjelja",
+    ]
+
+    day_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "po",
+        "ut",
+        "sr",
+        "če",
+        "pe",
+        "su",
+        "ne",
+    ]
+
+    def _format_timeframe(self, timeframe: TimeFrameLiteral, delta: int) -> str:
+        form = self.timeframes[timeframe]
+        delta = abs(delta)
+        if isinstance(form, Mapping):
+            if 1 < delta <= 4:
+                form = form["double"]
+            else:
+                form = form["higher"]
+
+        return form.format(delta)
+
+
+class LatinLocale(Locale):
+    names = ["la", "la-va"]
+
+    past = "ante {0}"
+    future = "in {0}"
+    and_word = "et"
+
+    timeframes: ClassVar[Mapping[TimeFrameLiteral, Union[str, Mapping[str, str]]]] = {
+        "now": "nunc",
+        "second": "secundum",
+        "seconds": "{0} secundis",
+        "minute": "minutam",
+        "minutes": "{0} minutis",
+        "hour": "horam",
+        "hours": "{0} horas",
+        "day": "diem",
+        "days": "{0} dies",
+        "week": "hebdomadem",
+        "weeks": "{0} hebdomades",
+        "month": "mensem",
+        "months": "{0} mensis",
+        "year": "annum",
+        "years": "{0} annos",
+    }
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "Ianuarius",
+        "Februarius",
+        "Martius",
+        "Aprilis",
+        "Maius",
+        "Iunius",
+        "Iulius",
+        "Augustus",
+        "September",
+        "October",
+        "November",
+        "December",
+    ]
+
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "Ian",
+        "Febr",
+        "Mart",
+        "Apr",
+        "Mai",
+        "Iun",
+        "Iul",
+        "Aug",
+        "Sept",
+        "Oct",
+        "Nov",
+        "Dec",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "dies Lunae",
+        "dies Martis",
+        "dies Mercurii",
+        "dies Iovis",
+        "dies Veneris",
+        "dies Saturni",
+        "dies Solis",
+    ]
+
+    day_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "dies Lunae",
+        "dies Martis",
+        "dies Mercurii",
+        "dies Iovis",
+        "dies Veneris",
+        "dies Saturni",
+        "dies Solis",
+    ]
+
+
+class LithuanianLocale(Locale):
+    names = ["lt", "lt-lt"]
+
+    past = "prieš {0}"
+    future = "po {0}"
+    and_word = "ir"
+
+    timeframes: ClassVar[Mapping[TimeFrameLiteral, Union[str, Mapping[str, str]]]] = {
+        "now": "dabar",
+        "second": "sekundės",
+        "seconds": "{0} sekundžių",
+        "minute": "minutės",
+        "minutes": "{0} minučių",
+        "hour": "valandos",
+        "hours": "{0} valandų",
+        "day": "dieną",
+        "days": "{0} dienų",
+        "week": "savaitės",
+        "weeks": "{0} savaičių",
+        "month": "mėnesio",
+        "months": "{0} mėnesių",
+        "year": "metų",
+        "years": "{0} metų",
+    }
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "sausis",
+        "vasaris",
+        "kovas",
+        "balandis",
+        "gegužė",
+        "birželis",
+        "liepa",
+        "rugpjūtis",
+        "rugsėjis",
+        "spalis",
+        "lapkritis",
+        "gruodis",
+    ]
+
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "saus",
+        "vas",
+        "kovas",
+        "bal",
+        "geg",
+        "birž",
+        "liepa",
+        "rugp",
+        "rugs",
+        "spalis",
+        "lapkr",
+        "gr",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "pirmadienis",
+        "antradienis",
+        "trečiadienis",
+        "ketvirtadienis",
+        "penktadienis",
+        "šeštadienis",
+        "sekmadienis",
+    ]
+
+    day_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "pi",
+        "an",
+        "tr",
+        "ke",
+        "pe",
+        "še",
+        "se",
+    ]
+
+
+class MalayLocale(Locale):
+    names = ["ms", "ms-my", "ms-bn"]
+
+    past = "{0} yang lalu"
+    future = "dalam {0}"
+    and_word = "dan"
+
+    timeframes: ClassVar[Mapping[TimeFrameLiteral, Union[str, Mapping[str, str]]]] = {
+        "now": "sekarang",
+        "second": "saat",
+        "seconds": "{0} saat",
+        "minute": "minit",
+        "minutes": "{0} minit",
+        "hour": "jam",
+        "hours": "{0} jam",
+        "day": "hari",
+        "days": "{0} hari",
+        "week": "minggu",
+        "weeks": "{0} minggu",
+        "month": "bulan",
+        "months": "{0} bulan",
+        "year": "tahun",
+        "years": "{0} tahun",
+    }
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "Januari",
+        "Februari",
+        "Mac",
+        "April",
+        "Mei",
+        "Jun",
+        "Julai",
+        "Ogos",
+        "September",
+        "Oktober",
+        "November",
+        "Disember",
+    ]
+
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "Jan.",
+        "Feb.",
+        "Mac",
+        "Apr.",
+        "Mei",
+        "Jun",
+        "Julai",
+        "Og.",
+        "Sept.",
+        "Okt.",
+        "Nov.",
+        "Dis.",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "Isnin",
+        "Selasa",
+        "Rabu",
+        "Khamis",
+        "Jumaat",
+        "Sabtu",
+        "Ahad",
+    ]
+
+    day_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "Isnin",
+        "Selasa",
+        "Rabu",
+        "Khamis",
+        "Jumaat",
+        "Sabtu",
+        "Ahad",
+    ]
+
+
+class MalteseLocale(Locale):
+    names = ["mt", "mt-mt"]
+
+    past = "{0} ilu"
+    future = "fi {0}"
+    and_word = "u"
+
+    timeframes: ClassVar[Mapping[TimeFrameLiteral, Union[str, Mapping[str, str]]]] = {
+        "now": "issa",
+        "second": "sekonda",
+        "seconds": "{0} sekondi",
+        "minute": "minuta",
+        "minutes": "{0} minuti",
+        "hour": "siegħa",
+        "hours": {"dual": "{0} sagħtejn", "plural": "{0} sigħat"},
+        "day": "jum",
+        "days": {"dual": "{0} jumejn", "plural": "{0} ijiem"},
+        "week": "ġimgħa",
+        "weeks": {"dual": "{0} ġimagħtejn", "plural": "{0} ġimgħat"},
+        "month": "xahar",
+        "months": {"dual": "{0} xahrejn", "plural": "{0} xhur"},
+        "year": "sena",
+        "years": {"dual": "{0} sentejn", "plural": "{0} snin"},
+    }
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "Jannar",
+        "Frar",
+        "Marzu",
+        "April",
+        "Mejju",
+        "Ġunju",
+        "Lulju",
+        "Awwissu",
+        "Settembru",
+        "Ottubru",
+        "Novembru",
+        "Diċembru",
+    ]
+
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "Jan",
+        "Fr",
+        "Mar",
+        "Apr",
+        "Mejju",
+        "Ġun",
+        "Lul",
+        "Aw",
+        "Sett",
+        "Ott",
+        "Nov",
+        "Diċ",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "It-Tnejn",
+        "It-Tlieta",
+        "L-Erbgħa",
+        "Il-Ħamis",
+        "Il-Ġimgħa",
+        "Is-Sibt",
+        "Il-Ħadd",
+    ]
+
+    day_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "T",
+        "TL",
+        "E",
+        "Ħ",
+        "Ġ",
+        "S",
+        "Ħ",
+    ]
+
+    def _format_timeframe(self, timeframe: TimeFrameLiteral, delta: int) -> str:
+        form = self.timeframes[timeframe]
+        delta = abs(delta)
+        if isinstance(form, Mapping):
+            if delta == 2:
+                form = form["dual"]
+            else:
+                form = form["plural"]
+
+        return form.format(delta)
+
+
+class SamiLocale(Locale):
+    names = ["se", "se-fi", "se-no", "se-se"]
+
+    past = "{0} dassái"
+    future = "{0} "  # NOTE: couldn't find preposition for Sami here, none needed?
+
+    timeframes: ClassVar[Mapping[TimeFrameLiteral, Union[str, Mapping[str, str]]]] = {
+        "now": "dál",
+        "second": "sekunda",
+        "seconds": "{0} sekundda",
+        "minute": "minuhta",
+        "minutes": "{0} minuhta",
+        "hour": "diimmu",
+        "hours": "{0} diimmu",
+        "day": "beaivvi",
+        "days": "{0} beaivvi",
+        "week": "vahku",
+        "weeks": "{0} vahku",
+        "month": "mánu",
+        "months": "{0} mánu",
+        "year": "jagi",
+        "years": "{0} jagi",
+    }
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "Ođđajagimánnu",
+        "Guovvamánnu",
+        "Njukčamánnu",
+        "Cuoŋománnu",
+        "Miessemánnu",
+        "Geassemánnu",
+        "Suoidnemánnu",
+        "Borgemánnu",
+        "Čakčamánnu",
+        "Golggotmánnu",
+        "Skábmamánnu",
+        "Juovlamánnu",
+    ]
+
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "Ođđajagimánnu",
+        "Guovvamánnu",
+        "Njukčamánnu",
+        "Cuoŋománnu",
+        "Miessemánnu",
+        "Geassemánnu",
+        "Suoidnemánnu",
+        "Borgemánnu",
+        "Čakčamánnu",
+        "Golggotmánnu",
+        "Skábmamánnu",
+        "Juovlamánnu",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "Mánnodat",
+        "Disdat",
+        "Gaskavahkku",
+        "Duorastat",
+        "Bearjadat",
+        "Lávvordat",
+        "Sotnabeaivi",
+    ]
+
+    day_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "Mánnodat",
+        "Disdat",
+        "Gaskavahkku",
+        "Duorastat",
+        "Bearjadat",
+        "Lávvordat",
+        "Sotnabeaivi",
+    ]
+
+
+class OdiaLocale(Locale):
+    names = ["or", "or-in"]
+
+    past = "{0} ପୂର୍ବେ"
+    future = "{0} ପରେ"
+
+    timeframes = {
+        "now": "ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ",
+        "second": "ଏକ ସେକେଣ୍ଡ",
+        "seconds": "{0} ସେକେଣ୍ଡ",
+        "minute": "ଏକ ମିନଟ",
+        "minutes": "{0} ମିନଟ",
+        "hour": "ଏକ ଘଣ୍ଟା",
+        "hours": "{0} ଘଣ୍ଟା",
+        "day": "ଏକ ଦିନ",
+        "days": "{0} ଦିନ",
+        "month": "ଏକ ମାସ",
+        "months": "{0} ମାସ ",
+        "year": "ଏକ ବର୍ଷ",
+        "years": "{0} ବର୍ଷ",
+    }
+
+    meridians = {"am": "ପୂର୍ବାହ୍ନ", "pm": "ଅପରାହ୍ନ", "AM": "ପୂର୍ବାହ୍ନ", "PM": "ଅପରାହ୍ନ"}
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "ଜାନୁଆରୀ",
+        "ଫେବୃଆରୀ",
+        "ମାର୍ଚ୍ଚ୍",
+        "ଅପ୍ରେଲ",
+        "ମଇ",
+        "ଜୁନ୍",
+        "ଜୁଲାଇ",
+        "ଅଗଷ୍ଟ",
+        "ସେପ୍ଟେମ୍ବର",
+        "ଅକ୍ଟୋବର୍",
+        "ନଭେମ୍ବର୍",
+        "ଡିସେମ୍ବର୍",
+    ]
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "ଜାନୁ",
+        "ଫେବୃ",
+        "ମାର୍ଚ୍ଚ୍",
+        "ଅପ୍ରେ",
+        "ମଇ",
+        "ଜୁନ୍",
+        "ଜୁଲା",
+        "ଅଗ",
+        "ସେପ୍ଟେ",
+        "ଅକ୍ଟୋ",
+        "ନଭେ",
+        "ଡିସେ",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "ସୋମବାର",
+        "ମଙ୍ଗଳବାର",
+        "ବୁଧବାର",
+        "ଗୁରୁବାର",
+        "ଶୁକ୍ରବାର",
+        "ଶନିବାର",
+        "ରବିବାର",
+    ]
+    day_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "ସୋମ",
+        "ମଙ୍ଗଳ",
+        "ବୁଧ",
+        "ଗୁରୁ",
+        "ଶୁକ୍ର",
+        "ଶନି",
+        "ରବି",
+    ]
+
+    def _ordinal_number(self, n: int) -> str:
+        if n > 10 or n == 0:
+            return f"{n}ତମ"
+        if n in [1, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10]:
+            return f"{n}ମ"
+        if n in [2, 3]:
+            return f"{n}ୟ"
+        if n == 4:
+            return f"{n}ର୍ଥ"
+        if n == 6:
+            return f"{n}ଷ୍ଠ"
+        return ""
+
+
+class SerbianLocale(Locale):
+    names = ["sr", "sr-rs", "sr-sp"]
+
+    past = "pre {0}"
+    future = "za {0}"
+    and_word = "i"
+
+    timeframes: ClassVar[Mapping[TimeFrameLiteral, Union[str, Mapping[str, str]]]] = {
+        "now": "sada",
+        "second": "sekundu",
+        "seconds": {"double": "{0} sekunde", "higher": "{0} sekundi"},
+        "minute": "minutu",
+        "minutes": {"double": "{0} minute", "higher": "{0} minuta"},
+        "hour": "sat",
+        "hours": {"double": "{0} sata", "higher": "{0} sati"},
+        "day": "dan",
+        "days": {"double": "{0} dana", "higher": "{0} dana"},
+        "week": "nedelju",
+        "weeks": {"double": "{0} nedelje", "higher": "{0} nedelja"},
+        "month": "mesec",
+        "months": {"double": "{0} meseca", "higher": "{0} meseci"},
+        "year": "godinu",
+        "years": {"double": "{0} godine", "higher": "{0} godina"},
+    }
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "januar",  # јануар
+        "februar",  # фебруар
+        "mart",  # март
+        "april",  # април
+        "maj",  # мај
+        "jun",  # јун
+        "jul",  # јул
+        "avgust",  # август
+        "septembar",  # септембар
+        "oktobar",  # октобар
+        "novembar",  # новембар
+        "decembar",  # децембар
+    ]
+
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "jan",
+        "feb",
+        "mar",
+        "apr",
+        "maj",
+        "jun",
+        "jul",
+        "avg",
+        "sep",
+        "okt",
+        "nov",
+        "dec",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "ponedeljak",  # понедељак
+        "utorak",  # уторак
+        "sreda",  # среда
+        "četvrtak",  # четвртак
+        "petak",  # петак
+        "subota",  # субота
+        "nedelja",  # недеља
+    ]
+
+    day_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "po",  # по
+        "ut",  # ут
+        "sr",  # ср
+        "če",  # че
+        "pe",  # пе
+        "su",  # су
+        "ne",  # не
+    ]
+
+    def _format_timeframe(self, timeframe: TimeFrameLiteral, delta: int) -> str:
+        form = self.timeframes[timeframe]
+        delta = abs(delta)
+        if isinstance(form, Mapping):
+            if 1 < delta <= 4:
+                form = form["double"]
+            else:
+                form = form["higher"]
+
+        return form.format(delta)
+
+
+class LuxembourgishLocale(Locale):
+    names = ["lb", "lb-lu"]
+
+    past = "virun {0}"
+    future = "an {0}"
+    and_word = "an"
+
+    timeframes = {
+        "now": "just elo",
+        "second": "enger Sekonn",
+        "seconds": "{0} Sekonnen",
+        "minute": "enger Minutt",
+        "minutes": "{0} Minutten",
+        "hour": "enger Stonn",
+        "hours": "{0} Stonnen",
+        "day": "engem Dag",
+        "days": "{0} Deeg",
+        "week": "enger Woch",
+        "weeks": "{0} Wochen",
+        "month": "engem Mount",
+        "months": "{0} Méint",
+        "year": "engem Joer",
+        "years": "{0} Jahren",
+    }
+
+    timeframes_only_distance = timeframes.copy()
+    timeframes_only_distance["second"] = "eng Sekonn"
+    timeframes_only_distance["minute"] = "eng Minutt"
+    timeframes_only_distance["hour"] = "eng Stonn"
+    timeframes_only_distance["day"] = "een Dag"
+    timeframes_only_distance["days"] = "{0} Deeg"
+    timeframes_only_distance["week"] = "eng Woch"
+    timeframes_only_distance["month"] = "ee Mount"
+    timeframes_only_distance["months"] = "{0} Méint"
+    timeframes_only_distance["year"] = "ee Joer"
+    timeframes_only_distance["years"] = "{0} Joer"
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "Januar",
+        "Februar",
+        "Mäerz",
+        "Abrëll",
+        "Mee",
+        "Juni",
+        "Juli",
+        "August",
+        "September",
+        "Oktouber",
+        "November",
+        "Dezember",
+    ]
+
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "Jan",
+        "Feb",
+        "Mäe",
+        "Abr",
+        "Mee",
+        "Jun",
+        "Jul",
+        "Aug",
+        "Sep",
+        "Okt",
+        "Nov",
+        "Dez",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "Méindeg",
+        "Dënschdeg",
+        "Mëttwoch",
+        "Donneschdeg",
+        "Freideg",
+        "Samschdeg",
+        "Sonndeg",
+    ]
+
+    day_abbreviations = ["", "Méi", "Dën", "Mët", "Don", "Fre", "Sam", "Son"]
+
+    def _ordinal_number(self, n: int) -> str:
+        return f"{n}."
+
+    def describe(
+        self,
+        timeframe: TimeFrameLiteral,
+        delta: Union[int, float] = 0,
+        only_distance: bool = False,
+    ) -> str:
+        if not only_distance:
+            return super().describe(timeframe, delta, only_distance)
+
+        # Luxembourgish uses a different case without 'in' or 'ago'
+        humanized = self.timeframes_only_distance[timeframe].format(trunc(abs(delta)))
+
+        return humanized
+
+
+class ZuluLocale(Locale):
+    names = ["zu", "zu-za"]
+
+    past = "{0} edlule"
+    future = "{0} "
+    and_word = "futhi"
+
+    timeframes: ClassVar[Mapping[TimeFrameLiteral, Union[Mapping[str, str], str]]] = {
+        "now": "manje",
+        "second": {"past": "umzuzwana", "future": "ngomzuzwana"},
+        "seconds": {"past": "{0} imizuzwana", "future": "{0} ngemizuzwana"},
+        "minute": {"past": "umzuzu", "future": "ngomzuzu"},
+        "minutes": {"past": "{0} imizuzu", "future": "{0} ngemizuzu"},
+        "hour": {"past": "ihora", "future": "ngehora"},
+        "hours": {"past": "{0} amahora", "future": "{0} emahoreni"},
+        "day": {"past": "usuku", "future": "ngosuku"},
+        "days": {"past": "{0} izinsuku", "future": "{0} ezinsukwini"},
+        "week": {"past": "isonto", "future": "ngesonto"},
+        "weeks": {"past": "{0} amasonto", "future": "{0} emasontweni"},
+        "month": {"past": "inyanga", "future": "ngenyanga"},
+        "months": {"past": "{0} izinyanga", "future": "{0} ezinyangeni"},
+        "year": {"past": "unyaka", "future": "ngonyak"},
+        "years": {"past": "{0} iminyaka", "future": "{0} eminyakeni"},
+    }
+
+    def _format_timeframe(self, timeframe: TimeFrameLiteral, delta: int) -> str:
+        """Zulu aware time frame format function, takes into account
+        the differences between past and future forms."""
+        abs_delta = abs(delta)
+        form = self.timeframes[timeframe]
+
+        if isinstance(form, str):
+            return form.format(abs_delta)
+
+        if delta > 0:
+            key = "future"
+        else:
+            key = "past"
+        form = form[key]
+
+        return form.format(abs_delta)
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "uMasingane",
+        "uNhlolanja",
+        "uNdasa",
+        "UMbasa",
+        "UNhlaba",
+        "UNhlangulana",
+        "uNtulikazi",
+        "UNcwaba",
+        "uMandulo",
+        "uMfumfu",
+        "uLwezi",
+        "uZibandlela",
+    ]
+
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "uMasingane",
+        "uNhlolanja",
+        "uNdasa",
+        "UMbasa",
+        "UNhlaba",
+        "UNhlangulana",
+        "uNtulikazi",
+        "UNcwaba",
+        "uMandulo",
+        "uMfumfu",
+        "uLwezi",
+        "uZibandlela",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "uMsombuluko",
+        "uLwesibili",
+        "uLwesithathu",
+        "uLwesine",
+        "uLwesihlanu",
+        "uMgqibelo",
+        "iSonto",
+    ]
+
+    day_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "uMsombuluko",
+        "uLwesibili",
+        "uLwesithathu",
+        "uLwesine",
+        "uLwesihlanu",
+        "uMgqibelo",
+        "iSonto",
+    ]
+
+
+class TamilLocale(Locale):
+    names = ["ta", "ta-in", "ta-lk"]
+
+    past = "{0} நேரத்திற்கு முன்பு"
+    future = "இல் {0}"
+
+    timeframes = {
+        "now": "இப்போது",
+        "second": "ஒரு இரண்டாவது",
+        "seconds": "{0} விநாடிகள்",
+        "minute": "ஒரு நிமிடம்",
+        "minutes": "{0} நிமிடங்கள்",
+        "hour": "ஒரு மணி",
+        "hours": "{0} மணிநேரம்",
+        "day": "ஒரு நாள்",
+        "days": "{0} நாட்கள்",
+        "week": "ஒரு வாரம்",
+        "weeks": "{0} வாரங்கள்",
+        "month": "ஒரு மாதம்",
+        "months": "{0} மாதங்கள்",
+        "year": "ஒரு ஆண்டு",
+        "years": "{0} ஆண்டுகள்",
+    }
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "சித்திரை",
+        "வைகாசி",
+        "ஆனி",
+        "ஆடி",
+        "ஆவணி",
+        "புரட்டாசி",
+        "ஐப்பசி",
+        "கார்த்திகை",
+        "மார்கழி",
+        "தை",
+        "மாசி",
+        "பங்குனி",
+    ]
+
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "ஜன",
+        "பிப்",
+        "மார்",
+        "ஏப்",
+        "மே",
+        "ஜூன்",
+        "ஜூலை",
+        "ஆக",
+        "செப்",
+        "அக்",
+        "நவ",
+        "டிச",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "திங்கட்கிழமை",
+        "செவ்வாய்க்கிழமை",
+        "புதன்கிழமை",
+        "வியாழக்கிழமை",
+        "வெள்ளிக்கிழமை",
+        "சனிக்கிழமை",
+        "ஞாயிற்றுக்கிழமை",
+    ]
+
+    day_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "திங்கட்",
+        "செவ்வாய்",
+        "புதன்",
+        "வியாழன்",
+        "வெள்ளி",
+        "சனி",
+        "ஞாயிறு",
+    ]
+
+    def _ordinal_number(self, n: int) -> str:
+        if n == 1:
+            return f"{n}வது"
+        elif n >= 0:
+            return f"{n}ஆம்"
+        else:
+            return ""
+
+
+class AlbanianLocale(Locale):
+    names = ["sq", "sq-al"]
+
+    past = "{0} më parë"
+    future = "në {0}"
+    and_word = "dhe"
+
+    timeframes = {
+        "now": "tani",
+        "second": "sekondë",
+        "seconds": "{0} sekonda",
+        "minute": "minutë",
+        "minutes": "{0} minuta",
+        "hour": "orë",
+        "hours": "{0} orë",
+        "day": "ditë",
+        "days": "{0} ditë",
+        "week": "javë",
+        "weeks": "{0} javë",
+        "month": "muaj",
+        "months": "{0} muaj",
+        "year": "vit",
+        "years": "{0} vjet",
+    }
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "janar",
+        "shkurt",
+        "mars",
+        "prill",
+        "maj",
+        "qershor",
+        "korrik",
+        "gusht",
+        "shtator",
+        "tetor",
+        "nëntor",
+        "dhjetor",
+    ]
+
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "jan",
+        "shk",
+        "mar",
+        "pri",
+        "maj",
+        "qer",
+        "korr",
+        "gush",
+        "sht",
+        "tet",
+        "nën",
+        "dhj",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "e hënë",
+        "e martë",
+        "e mërkurë",
+        "e enjte",
+        "e premte",
+        "e shtunë",
+        "e diel",
+    ]
+
+    day_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "hën",
+        "mar",
+        "mër",
+        "enj",
+        "pre",
+        "sht",
+        "die",
+    ]
+
+
+class GeorgianLocale(Locale):
+    names = ["ka", "ka-ge"]
+
+    past = "{0} წინ"  # ts’in
+    future = "{0} შემდეგ"  # shemdeg
+    and_word = "და"  # da
+
+    timeframes = {
+        "now": "ახლა",  # akhla
+        # When a cardinal qualifies a noun, it stands in the singular
+        "second": "წამის",  # ts’amis
+        "seconds": "{0} წამის",
+        "minute": "წუთის",  # ts’utis
+        "minutes": "{0} წუთის",
+        "hour": "საათის",  # saatis
+        "hours": "{0} საათის",
+        "day": "დღის",  # dghis
+        "days": "{0} დღის",
+        "week": "კვირის",  # k’viris
+        "weeks": "{0} კვირის",
+        "month": "თვის",  # tvis
+        "months": "{0} თვის",
+        "year": "წლის",  # ts’lis
+        "years": "{0} წლის",
+    }
+
+    month_names = [
+        # modern month names
+        "",
+        "იანვარი",  # Ianvari
+        "თებერვალი",  # Tebervali
+        "მარტი",  # Mart'i
+        "აპრილი",  # Ap'rili
+        "მაისი",  # Maisi
+        "ივნისი",  # Ivnisi
+        "ივლისი",  # Ivlisi
+        "აგვისტო",  # Agvist'o
+        "სექტემბერი",  # Sekt'emberi
+        "ოქტომბერი",  # Okt'omberi
+        "ნოემბერი",  # Noemberi
+        "დეკემბერი",  # Dek'emberi
+    ]
+
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        # no abbr. found yet
+        "",
+        "იანვარი",  # Ianvari
+        "თებერვალი",  # Tebervali
+        "მარტი",  # Mart'i
+        "აპრილი",  # Ap'rili
+        "მაისი",  # Maisi
+        "ივნისი",  # Ivnisi
+        "ივლისი",  # Ivlisi
+        "აგვისტო",  # Agvist'o
+        "სექტემბერი",  # Sekt'emberi
+        "ოქტომბერი",  # Okt'omberi
+        "ნოემბერი",  # Noemberi
+        "დეკემბერი",  # Dek'emberi
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "ორშაბათი",  # orshabati
+        "სამშაბათი",  # samshabati
+        "ოთხშაბათი",  # otkhshabati
+        "ხუთშაბათი",  # khutshabati
+        "პარასკევი",  # p’arask’evi
+        "შაბათი",  # shabati
+        # "k’vira" also serves as week; to avoid confusion "k’vira-dge" can be used for Sunday
+        "კვირა",  # k’vira
+    ]
+
+    day_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "ორშაბათი",  # orshabati
+        "სამშაბათი",  # samshabati
+        "ოთხშაბათი",  # otkhshabati
+        "ხუთშაბათი",  # khutshabati
+        "პარასკევი",  # p’arask’evi
+        "შაბათი",  # shabati
+        "კვირა",  # k’vira
+    ]
+
+
+class SinhalaLocale(Locale):
+    names = ["si", "si-lk"]
+
+    past = "{0}ට පෙර"
+    future = "{0}"
+    and_word = "සහ"
+
+    timeframes: ClassVar[Mapping[TimeFrameLiteral, Union[Mapping[str, str], str]]] = {
+        "now": "දැන්",
+        "second": {
+            "past": "තත්පරයක",
+            "future": "තත්පරයකින්",
+        },  # ක් is the article
+        "seconds": {
+            "past": "තත්පර {0} ක",
+            "future": "තත්පර {0} කින්",
+        },
+        "minute": {
+            "past": "විනාඩියක",
+            "future": "විනාඩියකින්",
+        },
+        "minutes": {
+            "past": "විනාඩි {0} ක",
+            "future": "මිනිත්තු {0} කින්",
+        },
+        "hour": {"past": "පැයක", "future": "පැයකින්"},
+        "hours": {
+            "past": "පැය {0} ක",
+            "future": "පැය {0} කින්",
+        },
+        "day": {"past": "දිනක", "future": "දිනකට"},
+        "days": {
+            "past": "දින {0} ක",
+            "future": "දින {0} කින්",
+        },
+        "week": {"past": "සතියක", "future": "සතියකින්"},
+        "weeks": {
+            "past": "සති {0} ක",
+            "future": "සති {0} කින්",
+        },
+        "month": {"past": "මාසයක", "future": "එය මාසය තුළ"},
+        "months": {
+            "past": "මාස {0} ක",
+            "future": "මාස {0} කින්",
+        },
+        "year": {"past": "වසරක", "future": "වසරක් තුළ"},
+        "years": {
+            "past": "අවුරුදු {0} ක",
+            "future": "අවුරුදු {0} තුළ",
+        },
+    }
+    # Sinhala: the general format to describe timeframe is different from past and future,
+    # so we do not copy the original timeframes dictionary
+    timeframes_only_distance = {}
+    timeframes_only_distance["second"] = "තත්පරයක්"
+    timeframes_only_distance["seconds"] = "තත්පර {0}"
+    timeframes_only_distance["minute"] = "මිනිත්තුවක්"
+    timeframes_only_distance["minutes"] = "විනාඩි {0}"
+    timeframes_only_distance["hour"] = "පැයක්"
+    timeframes_only_distance["hours"] = "පැය {0}"
+    timeframes_only_distance["day"] = "දවසක්"
+    timeframes_only_distance["days"] = "දවස් {0}"
+    timeframes_only_distance["week"] = "සතියක්"
+    timeframes_only_distance["weeks"] = "සති {0}"
+    timeframes_only_distance["month"] = "මාසයක්"
+    timeframes_only_distance["months"] = "මාස {0}"
+    timeframes_only_distance["year"] = "අවුරුද්දක්"
+    timeframes_only_distance["years"] = "අවුරුදු {0}"
+
+    def _format_timeframe(self, timeframe: TimeFrameLiteral, delta: int) -> str:
+        """
+        Sinhala awares time frame format function, takes into account
+        the differences between general, past, and future forms (three different suffixes).
+        """
+        abs_delta = abs(delta)
+        form = self.timeframes[timeframe]
+
+        if isinstance(form, str):
+            return form.format(abs_delta)
+
+        if delta > 0:
+            key = "future"
+        else:
+            key = "past"
+        form = form[key]
+
+        return form.format(abs_delta)
+
+    def describe(
+        self,
+        timeframe: TimeFrameLiteral,
+        delta: Union[float, int] = 1,  # key is always future when only_distance=False
+        only_distance: bool = False,
+    ) -> str:
+        """Describes a delta within a timeframe in plain language.
+
+        :param timeframe: a string representing a timeframe.
+        :param delta: a quantity representing a delta in a timeframe.
+        :param only_distance: return only distance eg: "11 seconds" without "in" or "ago" keywords
+        """
+
+        if not only_distance:
+            return super().describe(timeframe, delta, only_distance)
+        # Sinhala uses a different case without 'in' or 'ago'
+        humanized = self.timeframes_only_distance[timeframe].format(trunc(abs(delta)))
+
+        return humanized
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "ජනවාරි",
+        "පෙබරවාරි",
+        "මාර්තු",
+        "අප්‍රේල්",
+        "මැයි",
+        "ජූනි",
+        "ජූලි",
+        "අගෝස්තු",
+        "සැප්තැම්බර්",
+        "ඔක්තෝබර්",
+        "නොවැම්බර්",
+        "දෙසැම්බර්",
+    ]
+
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "ජන",
+        "පෙබ",
+        "මාර්",
+        "අප්‍රේ",
+        "මැයි",
+        "ජුනි",
+        "ජූලි",
+        "අගෝ",
+        "සැප්",
+        "ඔක්",
+        "නොවැ",
+        "දෙසැ",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "සදුදා",
+        "අඟහරැවදා",
+        "බදාදා",
+        "බ්‍රහස්‍පතින්‍දා",
+        "සිකුරාදා",
+        "සෙනසුරාදා",
+        "ඉරිදා",
+    ]
+
+    day_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "සදුද",
+        "බදා",
+        "බදා",
+        "සිකු",
+        "සෙන",
+        "අ",
+        "ඉරිදා",
+    ]
+
+
+class UrduLocale(Locale):
+    names = ["ur", "ur-pk"]
+
+    past = "پہلے {0}"
+    future = "میں {0}"
+    and_word = "اور"
+
+    timeframes = {
+        "now": "ابھی",
+        "second": "ایک سیکنڈ",
+        "seconds": "{0} سیکنڈ",
+        "minute": "ایک منٹ",
+        "minutes": "{0} منٹ",
+        "hour": "ایک گھنٹے",
+        "hours": "{0} گھنٹے",
+        "day": "ایک دن",
+        "days": "{0} دن",
+        "week": "ایک ہفتے",
+        "weeks": "{0} ہفتے",
+        "month": "ایک مہینہ",
+        "months": "{0} ماہ",
+        "year": "ایک سال",
+        "years": "{0} سال",
+    }
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "جنوری",
+        "فروری",
+        "مارچ",
+        "اپریل",
+        "مئی",
+        "جون",
+        "جولائی",
+        "اگست",
+        "ستمبر",
+        "اکتوبر",
+        "نومبر",
+        "دسمبر",
+    ]
+
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "جنوری",
+        "فروری",
+        "مارچ",
+        "اپریل",
+        "مئی",
+        "جون",
+        "جولائی",
+        "اگست",
+        "ستمبر",
+        "اکتوبر",
+        "نومبر",
+        "دسمبر",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "سوموار",
+        "منگل",
+        "بدھ",
+        "جمعرات",
+        "جمعہ",
+        "ہفتہ",
+        "اتوار",
+    ]
+
+    day_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "سوموار",
+        "منگل",
+        "بدھ",
+        "جمعرات",
+        "جمعہ",
+        "ہفتہ",
+        "اتوار",
+    ]
+
+
+class KazakhLocale(Locale):
+    names = ["kk", "kk-kz"]
+
+    past = "{0} бұрын"
+    future = "{0} кейін"
+    timeframes = {
+        "now": "қазір",
+        "second": "бір секунд",
+        "seconds": "{0} секунд",
+        "minute": "бір минут",
+        "minutes": "{0} минут",
+        "hour": "бір сағат",
+        "hours": "{0} сағат",
+        "day": "бір күн",
+        "days": "{0} күн",
+        "week": "бір апта",
+        "weeks": "{0} апта",
+        "month": "бір ай",
+        "months": "{0} ай",
+        "year": "бір жыл",
+        "years": "{0} жыл",
+    }
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "Қаңтар",
+        "Ақпан",
+        "Наурыз",
+        "Сәуір",
+        "Мамыр",
+        "Маусым",
+        "Шілде",
+        "Тамыз",
+        "Қыркүйек",
+        "Қазан",
+        "Қараша",
+        "Желтоқсан",
+    ]
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "Қан",
+        "Ақп",
+        "Нау",
+        "Сәу",
+        "Мам",
+        "Мау",
+        "Шіл",
+        "Там",
+        "Қыр",
+        "Қаз",
+        "Қар",
+        "Жел",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "Дүйсембі",
+        "Сейсенбі",
+        "Сәрсенбі",
+        "Бейсенбі",
+        "Жұма",
+        "Сенбі",
+        "Жексенбі",
+    ]
+    day_abbreviations = ["", "Дс", "Сс", "Ср", "Бс", "Жм", "Сб", "Жс"]
+
+
+class AmharicLocale(Locale):
+    names = ["am", "am-et"]
+
+    past = "{0} በፊት"
+    future = "{0} ውስጥ"
+    and_word = "እና"
+
+    timeframes: ClassVar[Mapping[TimeFrameLiteral, Union[Mapping[str, str], str]]] = {
+        "now": "አሁን",
+        "second": {
+            "past": "ከአንድ ሰከንድ",
+            "future": "በአንድ ሰከንድ",
+        },
+        "seconds": {
+            "past": "ከ {0} ሰከንድ",
+            "future": "በ {0} ሰከንድ",
+        },
+        "minute": {
+            "past": "ከአንድ ደቂቃ",
+            "future": "በአንድ ደቂቃ",
+        },
+        "minutes": {
+            "past": "ከ {0} ደቂቃዎች",
+            "future": "በ {0} ደቂቃዎች",
+        },
+        "hour": {
+            "past": "ከአንድ ሰዓት",
+            "future": "በአንድ ሰዓት",
+        },
+        "hours": {
+            "past": "ከ {0} ሰዓታት",
+            "future": "በ {0} ሰከንድ",
+        },
+        "day": {
+            "past": "ከአንድ ቀን",
+            "future": "በአንድ ቀን",
+        },
+        "days": {
+            "past": "ከ {0} ቀናት",
+            "future": "በ {0} ቀናት",
+        },
+        "week": {
+            "past": "ከአንድ ሳምንት",
+            "future": "በአንድ ሳምንት",
+        },
+        "weeks": {
+            "past": "ከ {0} ሳምንታት",
+            "future": "በ {0} ሳምንታት",
+        },
+        "month": {
+            "past": "ከአንድ ወር",
+            "future": "በአንድ ወር",
+        },
+        "months": {
+            "past": "ከ {0} ወር",
+            "future": "በ {0} ወራት",
+        },
+        "year": {
+            "past": "ከአንድ አመት",
+            "future": "በአንድ አመት",
+        },
+        "years": {
+            "past": "ከ {0} ዓመታት",
+            "future": "በ {0} ዓመታት",
+        },
+    }
+    # Amharic: the general format to describe timeframe is different from past and future,
+    # so we do not copy the original timeframes dictionary
+    timeframes_only_distance = {
+        "second": "አንድ ሰከንድ",
+        "seconds": "{0} ሰከንድ",
+        "minute": "አንድ ደቂቃ",
+        "minutes": "{0} ደቂቃዎች",
+        "hour": "አንድ ሰዓት",
+        "hours": "{0} ሰዓት",
+        "day": "አንድ ቀን",
+        "days": "{0} ቀናት",
+        "week": "አንድ ሳምንት",
+        "weeks": "{0} ሳምንት",
+        "month": "አንድ ወር",
+        "months": "{0} ወራት",
+        "year": "አንድ አመት",
+        "years": "{0} ዓመታት",
+    }
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "ጃንዩወሪ",
+        "ፌብሩወሪ",
+        "ማርች",
+        "ኤፕሪል",
+        "ሜይ",
+        "ጁን",
+        "ጁላይ",
+        "ኦገስት",
+        "ሴፕቴምበር",
+        "ኦክቶበር",
+        "ኖቬምበር",
+        "ዲሴምበር",
+    ]
+
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "ጃንዩ",
+        "ፌብሩ",
+        "ማርች",
+        "ኤፕሪ",
+        "ሜይ",
+        "ጁን",
+        "ጁላይ",
+        "ኦገስ",
+        "ሴፕቴ",
+        "ኦክቶ",
+        "ኖቬም",
+        "ዲሴም",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "ሰኞ",
+        "ማክሰኞ",
+        "ረቡዕ",
+        "ሐሙስ",
+        "ዓርብ",
+        "ቅዳሜ",
+        "እሑድ",
+    ]
+    day_abbreviations = ["", "እ", "ሰ", "ማ", "ረ", "ሐ", "ዓ", "ቅ"]
+
+    def _ordinal_number(self, n: int) -> str:
+        return f"{n}ኛ"
+
+    def _format_timeframe(self, timeframe: TimeFrameLiteral, delta: int) -> str:
+        """
+        Amharic awares time frame format function, takes into account
+        the differences between general, past, and future forms (three different suffixes).
+        """
+        abs_delta = abs(delta)
+        form = self.timeframes[timeframe]
+
+        if isinstance(form, str):
+            return form.format(abs_delta)
+
+        if delta > 0:
+            key = "future"
+        else:
+            key = "past"
+        form = form[key]
+
+        return form.format(abs_delta)
+
+    def describe(
+        self,
+        timeframe: TimeFrameLiteral,
+        delta: Union[float, int] = 1,  # key is always future when only_distance=False
+        only_distance: bool = False,
+    ) -> str:
+        """Describes a delta within a timeframe in plain language.
+
+        :param timeframe: a string representing a timeframe.
+        :param delta: a quantity representing a delta in a timeframe.
+        :param only_distance: return only distance eg: "11 seconds" without "in" or "ago" keywords
+        """
+
+        if not only_distance:
+            return super().describe(timeframe, delta, only_distance)
+        humanized = self.timeframes_only_distance[timeframe].format(trunc(abs(delta)))
+
+        return humanized
+
+
+class ArmenianLocale(Locale):
+    names = ["hy", "hy-am"]
+    past = "{0} առաջ"
+    future = "{0}ից"
+    and_word = "Եվ"  # Yev
+
+    timeframes = {
+        "now": "հիմա",
+        "second": "վայրկյան",
+        "seconds": "{0} վայրկյան",
+        "minute": "րոպե",
+        "minutes": "{0} րոպե",
+        "hour": "ժամ",
+        "hours": "{0} ժամ",
+        "day": "օր",
+        "days": "{0} օր",
+        "month": "ամիս",
+        "months": "{0} ամիս",
+        "year": "տարին",
+        "years": "{0} տարին",
+        "week": "շաբաթ",
+        "weeks": "{0} շաբաթ",
+    }
+
+    meridians = {
+        "am": "Ամ",
+        "pm": "պ.մ.",
+        "AM": "Ամ",
+        "PM": "պ.մ.",
+    }
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "հունվար",
+        "փետրվար",
+        "մարտ",
+        "ապրիլ",
+        "մայիս",
+        "հունիս",
+        "հուլիս",
+        "օգոստոս",
+        "սեպտեմբեր",
+        "հոկտեմբեր",
+        "նոյեմբեր",
+        "դեկտեմբեր",
+    ]
+
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "հունվար",
+        "փետրվար",
+        "մարտ",
+        "ապրիլ",
+        "մայիս",
+        "հունիս",
+        "հուլիս",
+        "օգոստոս",
+        "սեպտեմբեր",
+        "հոկտեմբեր",
+        "նոյեմբեր",
+        "դեկտեմբեր",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "երկուշաբթի",
+        "երեքշաբթի",
+        "չորեքշաբթի",
+        "հինգշաբթի",
+        "ուրբաթ",
+        "շաբաթ",
+        "կիրակի",
+    ]
+
+    day_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "երկ.",
+        "երեք.",
+        "չորեք.",
+        "հինգ.",
+        "ուրբ.",
+        "շաբ.",
+        "կիր.",
+    ]
+
+
+class UzbekLocale(Locale):
+    names = ["uz", "uz-uz"]
+    past = "{0}dan avval"
+    future = "{0}dan keyin"
+    timeframes = {
+        "now": "hozir",
+        "second": "bir soniya",
+        "seconds": "{0} soniya",
+        "minute": "bir daqiqa",
+        "minutes": "{0} daqiqa",
+        "hour": "bir soat",
+        "hours": "{0} soat",
+        "day": "bir kun",
+        "days": "{0} kun",
+        "week": "bir hafta",
+        "weeks": "{0} hafta",
+        "month": "bir oy",
+        "months": "{0} oy",
+        "year": "bir yil",
+        "years": "{0} yil",
+    }
+
+    month_names = [
+        "",
+        "Yanvar",
+        "Fevral",
+        "Mart",
+        "Aprel",
+        "May",
+        "Iyun",
+        "Iyul",
+        "Avgust",
+        "Sentyabr",
+        "Oktyabr",
+        "Noyabr",
+        "Dekabr",
+    ]
+
+    month_abbreviations = [
+        "",
+        "Yan",
+        "Fev",
+        "Mar",
+        "Apr",
+        "May",
+        "Iyn",
+        "Iyl",
+        "Avg",
+        "Sen",
+        "Okt",
+        "Noy",
+        "Dek",
+    ]
+
+    day_names = [
+        "",
+        "Dushanba",
+        "Seshanba",
+        "Chorshanba",
+        "Payshanba",
+        "Juma",
+        "Shanba",
+        "Yakshanba",
+    ]
+
+    day_abbreviations = ["", "Dush", "Sesh", "Chor", "Pay", "Jum", "Shan", "Yak"]
diff --git a/third_party/python/arrow/arrow/parser.py b/third_party/python/arrow/arrow/parser.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e95d78b0d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/python/arrow/arrow/parser.py
@@ -0,0 +1,779 @@
+"""Provides the :class:`Arrow <arrow.parser.DateTimeParser>` class, a better way to parse datetime strings."""
+
+import re
+import sys
+from datetime import datetime, timedelta
+from datetime import tzinfo as dt_tzinfo
+from functools import lru_cache
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    ClassVar,
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    List,
+    Match,
+    Optional,
+    Pattern,
+    SupportsFloat,
+    SupportsInt,
+    Tuple,
+    Union,
+    cast,
+    overload,
+)
+
+from dateutil import tz
+
+from arrow import locales
+from arrow.constants import DEFAULT_LOCALE
+from arrow.util import next_weekday, normalize_timestamp
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 8):  # pragma: no cover
+    from typing_extensions import Literal, TypedDict
+else:
+    from typing import Literal, TypedDict  # pragma: no cover
+
+
+class ParserError(ValueError):
+    pass
+
+
+# Allows for ParserErrors to be propagated from _build_datetime()
+# when day_of_year errors occur.
+# Before this, the ParserErrors were caught by the try/except in
+# _parse_multiformat() and the appropriate error message was not
+# transmitted to the user.
+class ParserMatchError(ParserError):
+    pass
+
+
+_WEEKDATE_ELEMENT = Union[str, bytes, SupportsInt, bytearray]
+
+_FORMAT_TYPE = Literal[
+    "YYYY",
+    "YY",
+    "MM",
+    "M",
+    "DDDD",
+    "DDD",
+    "DD",
+    "D",
+    "HH",
+    "H",
+    "hh",
+    "h",
+    "mm",
+    "m",
+    "ss",
+    "s",
+    "X",
+    "x",
+    "ZZZ",
+    "ZZ",
+    "Z",
+    "S",
+    "W",
+    "MMMM",
+    "MMM",
+    "Do",
+    "dddd",
+    "ddd",
+    "d",
+    "a",
+    "A",
+]
+
+
+class _Parts(TypedDict, total=False):
+    year: int
+    month: int
+    day_of_year: int
+    day: int
+    hour: int
+    minute: int
+    second: int
+    microsecond: int
+    timestamp: float
+    expanded_timestamp: int
+    tzinfo: dt_tzinfo
+    am_pm: Literal["am", "pm"]
+    day_of_week: int
+    weekdate: Tuple[_WEEKDATE_ELEMENT, _WEEKDATE_ELEMENT, Optional[_WEEKDATE_ELEMENT]]
+
+
+class DateTimeParser:
+    _FORMAT_RE: ClassVar[Pattern[str]] = re.compile(
+        r"(YYY?Y?|MM?M?M?|Do|DD?D?D?|d?d?d?d|HH?|hh?|mm?|ss?|S+|ZZ?Z?|a|A|x|X|W)"
+    )
+    _ESCAPE_RE: ClassVar[Pattern[str]] = re.compile(r"\[[^\[\]]*\]")
+
+    _ONE_OR_TWO_DIGIT_RE: ClassVar[Pattern[str]] = re.compile(r"\d{1,2}")
+    _ONE_OR_TWO_OR_THREE_DIGIT_RE: ClassVar[Pattern[str]] = re.compile(r"\d{1,3}")
+    _ONE_OR_MORE_DIGIT_RE: ClassVar[Pattern[str]] = re.compile(r"\d+")
+    _TWO_DIGIT_RE: ClassVar[Pattern[str]] = re.compile(r"\d{2}")
+    _THREE_DIGIT_RE: ClassVar[Pattern[str]] = re.compile(r"\d{3}")
+    _FOUR_DIGIT_RE: ClassVar[Pattern[str]] = re.compile(r"\d{4}")
+    _TZ_Z_RE: ClassVar[Pattern[str]] = re.compile(r"([\+\-])(\d{2})(?:(\d{2}))?|Z")
+    _TZ_ZZ_RE: ClassVar[Pattern[str]] = re.compile(r"([\+\-])(\d{2})(?:\:(\d{2}))?|Z")
+    _TZ_NAME_RE: ClassVar[Pattern[str]] = re.compile(r"\w[\w+\-/]+")
+    # NOTE: timestamps cannot be parsed from natural language strings (by removing the ^...$) because it will
+    # break cases like "15 Jul 2000" and a format list (see issue #447)
+    _TIMESTAMP_RE: ClassVar[Pattern[str]] = re.compile(r"^\-?\d+\.?\d+$")
+    _TIMESTAMP_EXPANDED_RE: ClassVar[Pattern[str]] = re.compile(r"^\-?\d+$")
+    _TIME_RE: ClassVar[Pattern[str]] = re.compile(
+        r"^(\d{2})(?:\:?(\d{2}))?(?:\:?(\d{2}))?(?:([\.\,])(\d+))?$"
+    )
+    _WEEK_DATE_RE: ClassVar[Pattern[str]] = re.compile(
+        r"(?P<year>\d{4})[\-]?W(?P<week>\d{2})[\-]?(?P<day>\d)?"
+    )
+
+    _BASE_INPUT_RE_MAP: ClassVar[Dict[_FORMAT_TYPE, Pattern[str]]] = {
+        "YYYY": _FOUR_DIGIT_RE,
+        "YY": _TWO_DIGIT_RE,
+        "MM": _TWO_DIGIT_RE,
+        "M": _ONE_OR_TWO_DIGIT_RE,
+        "DDDD": _THREE_DIGIT_RE,
+        "DDD": _ONE_OR_TWO_OR_THREE_DIGIT_RE,
+        "DD": _TWO_DIGIT_RE,
+        "D": _ONE_OR_TWO_DIGIT_RE,
+        "HH": _TWO_DIGIT_RE,
+        "H": _ONE_OR_TWO_DIGIT_RE,
+        "hh": _TWO_DIGIT_RE,
+        "h": _ONE_OR_TWO_DIGIT_RE,
+        "mm": _TWO_DIGIT_RE,
+        "m": _ONE_OR_TWO_DIGIT_RE,
+        "ss": _TWO_DIGIT_RE,
+        "s": _ONE_OR_TWO_DIGIT_RE,
+        "X": _TIMESTAMP_RE,
+        "x": _TIMESTAMP_EXPANDED_RE,
+        "ZZZ": _TZ_NAME_RE,
+        "ZZ": _TZ_ZZ_RE,
+        "Z": _TZ_Z_RE,
+        "S": _ONE_OR_MORE_DIGIT_RE,
+        "W": _WEEK_DATE_RE,
+    }
+
+    SEPARATORS: ClassVar[List[str]] = ["-", "/", "."]
+
+    locale: locales.Locale
+    _input_re_map: Dict[_FORMAT_TYPE, Pattern[str]]
+
+    def __init__(self, locale: str = DEFAULT_LOCALE, cache_size: int = 0) -> None:
+
+        self.locale = locales.get_locale(locale)
+        self._input_re_map = self._BASE_INPUT_RE_MAP.copy()
+        self._input_re_map.update(
+            {
+                "MMMM": self._generate_choice_re(
+                    self.locale.month_names[1:], re.IGNORECASE
+                ),
+                "MMM": self._generate_choice_re(
+                    self.locale.month_abbreviations[1:], re.IGNORECASE
+                ),
+                "Do": re.compile(self.locale.ordinal_day_re),
+                "dddd": self._generate_choice_re(
+                    self.locale.day_names[1:], re.IGNORECASE
+                ),
+                "ddd": self._generate_choice_re(
+                    self.locale.day_abbreviations[1:], re.IGNORECASE
+                ),
+                "d": re.compile(r"[1-7]"),
+                "a": self._generate_choice_re(
+                    (self.locale.meridians["am"], self.locale.meridians["pm"])
+                ),
+                # note: 'A' token accepts both 'am/pm' and 'AM/PM' formats to
+                # ensure backwards compatibility of this token
+                "A": self._generate_choice_re(self.locale.meridians.values()),
+            }
+        )
+        if cache_size > 0:
+            self._generate_pattern_re = lru_cache(maxsize=cache_size)(  # type: ignore
+                self._generate_pattern_re
+            )
+
+    # TODO: since we support more than ISO 8601, we should rename this function
+    # IDEA: break into multiple functions
+    def parse_iso(
+        self, datetime_string: str, normalize_whitespace: bool = False
+    ) -> datetime:
+
+        if normalize_whitespace:
+            datetime_string = re.sub(r"\s+", " ", datetime_string.strip())
+
+        has_space_divider = " " in datetime_string
+        has_t_divider = "T" in datetime_string
+
+        num_spaces = datetime_string.count(" ")
+        if has_space_divider and num_spaces != 1 or has_t_divider and num_spaces > 0:
+            raise ParserError(
+                f"Expected an ISO 8601-like string, but was given {datetime_string!r}. "
+                "Try passing in a format string to resolve this."
+            )
+
+        has_time = has_space_divider or has_t_divider
+        has_tz = False
+
+        # date formats (ISO 8601 and others) to test against
+        # NOTE: YYYYMM is omitted to avoid confusion with YYMMDD (no longer part of ISO 8601, but is still often used)
+        formats = [
+            "YYYY-MM-DD",
+            "YYYY-M-DD",
+            "YYYY-M-D",
+            "YYYY/MM/DD",
+            "YYYY/M/DD",
+            "YYYY/M/D",
+            "YYYY.MM.DD",
+            "YYYY.M.DD",
+            "YYYY.M.D",
+            "YYYYMMDD",
+            "YYYY-DDDD",
+            "YYYYDDDD",
+            "YYYY-MM",
+            "YYYY/MM",
+            "YYYY.MM",
+            "YYYY",
+            "W",
+        ]
+
+        if has_time:
+
+            if has_space_divider:
+                date_string, time_string = datetime_string.split(" ", 1)
+            else:
+                date_string, time_string = datetime_string.split("T", 1)
+
+            time_parts = re.split(r"[\+\-Z]", time_string, 1, re.IGNORECASE)
+
+            time_components: Optional[Match[str]] = self._TIME_RE.match(time_parts[0])
+
+            if time_components is None:
+                raise ParserError(
+                    "Invalid time component provided. "
+                    "Please specify a format or provide a valid time component in the basic or extended ISO 8601 time format."
+                )
+
+            (
+                hours,
+                minutes,
+                seconds,
+                subseconds_sep,
+                subseconds,
+            ) = time_components.groups()
+
+            has_tz = len(time_parts) == 2
+            has_minutes = minutes is not None
+            has_seconds = seconds is not None
+            has_subseconds = subseconds is not None
+
+            is_basic_time_format = ":" not in time_parts[0]
+            tz_format = "Z"
+
+            # use 'ZZ' token instead since tz offset is present in non-basic format
+            if has_tz and ":" in time_parts[1]:
+                tz_format = "ZZ"
+
+            time_sep = "" if is_basic_time_format else ":"
+
+            if has_subseconds:
+                time_string = "HH{time_sep}mm{time_sep}ss{subseconds_sep}S".format(
+                    time_sep=time_sep, subseconds_sep=subseconds_sep
+                )
+            elif has_seconds:
+                time_string = "HH{time_sep}mm{time_sep}ss".format(time_sep=time_sep)
+            elif has_minutes:
+                time_string = f"HH{time_sep}mm"
+            else:
+                time_string = "HH"
+
+            if has_space_divider:
+                formats = [f"{f} {time_string}" for f in formats]
+            else:
+                formats = [f"{f}T{time_string}" for f in formats]
+
+        if has_time and has_tz:
+            # Add "Z" or "ZZ" to the format strings to indicate to
+            # _parse_token() that a timezone needs to be parsed
+            formats = [f"{f}{tz_format}" for f in formats]
+
+        return self._parse_multiformat(datetime_string, formats)
+
+    def parse(
+        self,
+        datetime_string: str,
+        fmt: Union[List[str], str],
+        normalize_whitespace: bool = False,
+    ) -> datetime:
+
+        if normalize_whitespace:
+            datetime_string = re.sub(r"\s+", " ", datetime_string)
+
+        if isinstance(fmt, list):
+            return self._parse_multiformat(datetime_string, fmt)
+
+        try:
+            fmt_tokens: List[_FORMAT_TYPE]
+            fmt_pattern_re: Pattern[str]
+            fmt_tokens, fmt_pattern_re = self._generate_pattern_re(fmt)
+        except re.error as e:
+            raise ParserMatchError(
+                f"Failed to generate regular expression pattern: {e}."
+            )
+
+        match = fmt_pattern_re.search(datetime_string)
+
+        if match is None:
+            raise ParserMatchError(
+                f"Failed to match {fmt!r} when parsing {datetime_string!r}."
+            )
+
+        parts: _Parts = {}
+        for token in fmt_tokens:
+            value: Union[Tuple[str, str, str], str]
+            if token == "Do":
+                value = match.group("value")
+            elif token == "W":
+                value = (match.group("year"), match.group("week"), match.group("day"))
+            else:
+                value = match.group(token)
+
+            if value is None:
+                raise ParserMatchError(
+                    f"Unable to find a match group for the specified token {token!r}."
+                )
+
+            self._parse_token(token, value, parts)  # type: ignore
+
+        return self._build_datetime(parts)
+
+    def _generate_pattern_re(self, fmt: str) -> Tuple[List[_FORMAT_TYPE], Pattern[str]]:
+
+        # fmt is a string of tokens like 'YYYY-MM-DD'
+        # we construct a new string by replacing each
+        # token by its pattern:
+        # 'YYYY-MM-DD' -> '(?P<YYYY>\d{4})-(?P<MM>\d{2})-(?P<DD>\d{2})'
+        tokens: List[_FORMAT_TYPE] = []
+        offset = 0
+
+        # Escape all special RegEx chars
+        escaped_fmt = re.escape(fmt)
+
+        # Extract the bracketed expressions to be reinserted later.
+        escaped_fmt = re.sub(self._ESCAPE_RE, "#", escaped_fmt)
+
+        # Any number of S is the same as one.
+        # TODO: allow users to specify the number of digits to parse
+        escaped_fmt = re.sub(r"S+", "S", escaped_fmt)
+
+        escaped_data = re.findall(self._ESCAPE_RE, fmt)
+
+        fmt_pattern = escaped_fmt
+
+        for m in self._FORMAT_RE.finditer(escaped_fmt):
+            token: _FORMAT_TYPE = cast(_FORMAT_TYPE, m.group(0))
+            try:
+                input_re = self._input_re_map[token]
+            except KeyError:
+                raise ParserError(f"Unrecognized token {token!r}.")
+            input_pattern = f"(?P<{token}>{input_re.pattern})"
+            tokens.append(token)
+            # a pattern doesn't have the same length as the token
+            # it replaces! We keep the difference in the offset variable.
+            # This works because the string is scanned left-to-right and matches
+            # are returned in the order found by finditer.
+            fmt_pattern = (
+                fmt_pattern[: m.start() + offset]
+                + input_pattern
+                + fmt_pattern[m.end() + offset :]
+            )
+            offset += len(input_pattern) - (m.end() - m.start())
+
+        final_fmt_pattern = ""
+        split_fmt = fmt_pattern.split(r"\#")
+
+        # Due to the way Python splits, 'split_fmt' will always be longer
+        for i in range(len(split_fmt)):
+            final_fmt_pattern += split_fmt[i]
+            if i < len(escaped_data):
+                final_fmt_pattern += escaped_data[i][1:-1]
+
+        # Wrap final_fmt_pattern in a custom word boundary to strictly
+        # match the formatting pattern and filter out date and time formats
+        # that include junk such as: blah1998-09-12 blah, blah 1998-09-12blah,
+        # blah1998-09-12blah. The custom word boundary matches every character
+        # that is not a whitespace character to allow for searching for a date
+        # and time string in a natural language sentence. Therefore, searching
+        # for a string of the form YYYY-MM-DD in "blah 1998-09-12 blah" will
+        # work properly.
+        # Certain punctuation before or after the target pattern such as
+        # "1998-09-12," is permitted. For the full list of valid punctuation,
+        # see the documentation.
+
+        starting_word_boundary = (
+            r"(?<!\S\S)"  # Don't have two consecutive non-whitespace characters. This ensures that we allow cases
+            # like .11.25.2019 but not 1.11.25.2019 (for pattern MM.DD.YYYY)
+            r"(?<![^\,\.\;\:\?\!\"\'\`\[\]\{\}\(\)<>\s])"  # This is the list of punctuation that is ok before the
+            # pattern (i.e. "It can't not be these characters before the pattern")
+            r"(\b|^)"
+            # The \b is to block cases like 1201912 but allow 201912 for pattern YYYYMM. The ^ was necessary to allow a
+            # negative number through i.e. before epoch numbers
+        )
+        ending_word_boundary = (
+            r"(?=[\,\.\;\:\?\!\"\'\`\[\]\{\}\(\)\<\>]?"  # Positive lookahead stating that these punctuation marks
+            # can appear after the pattern at most 1 time
+            r"(?!\S))"  # Don't allow any non-whitespace character after the punctuation
+        )
+        bounded_fmt_pattern = r"{}{}{}".format(
+            starting_word_boundary, final_fmt_pattern, ending_word_boundary
+        )
+
+        return tokens, re.compile(bounded_fmt_pattern, flags=re.IGNORECASE)
+
+    @overload
+    def _parse_token(
+        self,
+        token: Literal[
+            "YYYY",
+            "YY",
+            "MM",
+            "M",
+            "DDDD",
+            "DDD",
+            "DD",
+            "D",
+            "Do",
+            "HH",
+            "hh",
+            "h",
+            "H",
+            "mm",
+            "m",
+            "ss",
+            "s",
+            "x",
+        ],
+        value: Union[str, bytes, SupportsInt, bytearray],
+        parts: _Parts,
+    ) -> None:
+        ...  # pragma: no cover
+
+    @overload
+    def _parse_token(
+        self,
+        token: Literal["X"],
+        value: Union[str, bytes, SupportsFloat, bytearray],
+        parts: _Parts,
+    ) -> None:
+        ...  # pragma: no cover
+
+    @overload
+    def _parse_token(
+        self,
+        token: Literal["MMMM", "MMM", "dddd", "ddd", "S"],
+        value: Union[str, bytes, bytearray],
+        parts: _Parts,
+    ) -> None:
+        ...  # pragma: no cover
+
+    @overload
+    def _parse_token(
+        self,
+        token: Literal["a", "A", "ZZZ", "ZZ", "Z"],
+        value: Union[str, bytes],
+        parts: _Parts,
+    ) -> None:
+        ...  # pragma: no cover
+
+    @overload
+    def _parse_token(
+        self,
+        token: Literal["W"],
+        value: Tuple[_WEEKDATE_ELEMENT, _WEEKDATE_ELEMENT, Optional[_WEEKDATE_ELEMENT]],
+        parts: _Parts,
+    ) -> None:
+        ...  # pragma: no cover
+
+    def _parse_token(
+        self,
+        token: Any,
+        value: Any,
+        parts: _Parts,
+    ) -> None:
+
+        if token == "YYYY":
+            parts["year"] = int(value)
+
+        elif token == "YY":
+            value = int(value)
+            parts["year"] = 1900 + value if value > 68 else 2000 + value
+
+        elif token in ["MMMM", "MMM"]:
+            # FIXME: month_number() is nullable
+            parts["month"] = self.locale.month_number(value.lower())  # type: ignore
+
+        elif token in ["MM", "M"]:
+            parts["month"] = int(value)
+
+        elif token in ["DDDD", "DDD"]:
+            parts["day_of_year"] = int(value)
+
+        elif token in ["DD", "D"]:
+            parts["day"] = int(value)
+
+        elif token == "Do":
+            parts["day"] = int(value)
+
+        elif token == "dddd":
+            # locale day names are 1-indexed
+            day_of_week = [x.lower() for x in self.locale.day_names].index(
+                value.lower()
+            )
+            parts["day_of_week"] = day_of_week - 1
+
+        elif token == "ddd":
+            # locale day abbreviations are 1-indexed
+            day_of_week = [x.lower() for x in self.locale.day_abbreviations].index(
+                value.lower()
+            )
+            parts["day_of_week"] = day_of_week - 1
+
+        elif token.upper() in ["HH", "H"]:
+            parts["hour"] = int(value)
+
+        elif token in ["mm", "m"]:
+            parts["minute"] = int(value)
+
+        elif token in ["ss", "s"]:
+            parts["second"] = int(value)
+
+        elif token == "S":
+            # We have the *most significant* digits of an arbitrary-precision integer.
+            # We want the six most significant digits as an integer, rounded.
+            # IDEA: add nanosecond support somehow? Need datetime support for it first.
+            value = value.ljust(7, "0")
+
+            # floating-point (IEEE-754) defaults to half-to-even rounding
+            seventh_digit = int(value[6])
+            if seventh_digit == 5:
+                rounding = int(value[5]) % 2
+            elif seventh_digit > 5:
+                rounding = 1
+            else:
+                rounding = 0
+
+            parts["microsecond"] = int(value[:6]) + rounding
+
+        elif token == "X":
+            parts["timestamp"] = float(value)
+
+        elif token == "x":
+            parts["expanded_timestamp"] = int(value)
+
+        elif token in ["ZZZ", "ZZ", "Z"]:
+            parts["tzinfo"] = TzinfoParser.parse(value)
+
+        elif token in ["a", "A"]:
+            if value in (self.locale.meridians["am"], self.locale.meridians["AM"]):
+                parts["am_pm"] = "am"
+                if "hour" in parts and not 0 <= parts["hour"] <= 12:
+                    raise ParserMatchError(
+                        f"Hour token value must be between 0 and 12 inclusive for token {token!r}."
+                    )
+            elif value in (self.locale.meridians["pm"], self.locale.meridians["PM"]):
+                parts["am_pm"] = "pm"
+        elif token == "W":
+            parts["weekdate"] = value
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _build_datetime(parts: _Parts) -> datetime:
+        weekdate = parts.get("weekdate")
+
+        if weekdate is not None:
+
+            year, week = int(weekdate[0]), int(weekdate[1])
+
+            if weekdate[2] is not None:
+                _day = int(weekdate[2])
+            else:
+                # day not given, default to 1
+                _day = 1
+
+            date_string = f"{year}-{week}-{_day}"
+
+            #  tokens for ISO 8601 weekdates
+            dt = datetime.strptime(date_string, "%G-%V-%u")
+
+            parts["year"] = dt.year
+            parts["month"] = dt.month
+            parts["day"] = dt.day
+
+        timestamp = parts.get("timestamp")
+
+        if timestamp is not None:
+            return datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp, tz=tz.tzutc())
+
+        expanded_timestamp = parts.get("expanded_timestamp")
+
+        if expanded_timestamp is not None:
+            return datetime.fromtimestamp(
+                normalize_timestamp(expanded_timestamp),
+                tz=tz.tzutc(),
+            )
+
+        day_of_year = parts.get("day_of_year")
+
+        if day_of_year is not None:
+            _year = parts.get("year")
+            month = parts.get("month")
+            if _year is None:
+                raise ParserError(
+                    "Year component is required with the DDD and DDDD tokens."
+                )
+
+            if month is not None:
+                raise ParserError(
+                    "Month component is not allowed with the DDD and DDDD tokens."
+                )
+
+            date_string = f"{_year}-{day_of_year}"
+            try:
+                dt = datetime.strptime(date_string, "%Y-%j")
+            except ValueError:
+                raise ParserError(
+                    f"The provided day of year {day_of_year!r} is invalid."
+                )
+
+            parts["year"] = dt.year
+            parts["month"] = dt.month
+            parts["day"] = dt.day
+
+        day_of_week: Optional[int] = parts.get("day_of_week")
+        day = parts.get("day")
+
+        # If day is passed, ignore day of week
+        if day_of_week is not None and day is None:
+            year = parts.get("year", 1970)
+            month = parts.get("month", 1)
+            day = 1
+
+            # dddd => first day of week after epoch
+            # dddd YYYY => first day of week in specified year
+            # dddd MM YYYY => first day of week in specified year and month
+            # dddd MM => first day after epoch in specified month
+            next_weekday_dt = next_weekday(datetime(year, month, day), day_of_week)
+            parts["year"] = next_weekday_dt.year
+            parts["month"] = next_weekday_dt.month
+            parts["day"] = next_weekday_dt.day
+
+        am_pm = parts.get("am_pm")
+        hour = parts.get("hour", 0)
+
+        if am_pm == "pm" and hour < 12:
+            hour += 12
+        elif am_pm == "am" and hour == 12:
+            hour = 0
+
+        # Support for midnight at the end of day
+        if hour == 24:
+            if parts.get("minute", 0) != 0:
+                raise ParserError("Midnight at the end of day must not contain minutes")
+            if parts.get("second", 0) != 0:
+                raise ParserError("Midnight at the end of day must not contain seconds")
+            if parts.get("microsecond", 0) != 0:
+                raise ParserError(
+                    "Midnight at the end of day must not contain microseconds"
+                )
+            hour = 0
+            day_increment = 1
+        else:
+            day_increment = 0
+
+        # account for rounding up to 1000000
+        microsecond = parts.get("microsecond", 0)
+        if microsecond == 1000000:
+            microsecond = 0
+            second_increment = 1
+        else:
+            second_increment = 0
+
+        increment = timedelta(days=day_increment, seconds=second_increment)
+
+        return (
+            datetime(
+                year=parts.get("year", 1),
+                month=parts.get("month", 1),
+                day=parts.get("day", 1),
+                hour=hour,
+                minute=parts.get("minute", 0),
+                second=parts.get("second", 0),
+                microsecond=microsecond,
+                tzinfo=parts.get("tzinfo"),
+            )
+            + increment
+        )
+
+    def _parse_multiformat(self, string: str, formats: Iterable[str]) -> datetime:
+
+        _datetime: Optional[datetime] = None
+
+        for fmt in formats:
+            try:
+                _datetime = self.parse(string, fmt)
+                break
+            except ParserMatchError:
+                pass
+
+        if _datetime is None:
+            supported_formats = ", ".join(formats)
+            raise ParserError(
+                f"Could not match input {string!r} to any of the following formats: {supported_formats}."
+            )
+
+        return _datetime
+
+    # generates a capture group of choices separated by an OR operator
+    @staticmethod
+    def _generate_choice_re(
+        choices: Iterable[str], flags: Union[int, re.RegexFlag] = 0
+    ) -> Pattern[str]:
+        return re.compile(r"({})".format("|".join(choices)), flags=flags)
+
+
+class TzinfoParser:
+    _TZINFO_RE: ClassVar[Pattern[str]] = re.compile(
+        r"^([\+\-])?(\d{2})(?:\:?(\d{2}))?$"
+    )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def parse(cls, tzinfo_string: str) -> dt_tzinfo:
+
+        tzinfo: Optional[dt_tzinfo] = None
+
+        if tzinfo_string == "local":
+            tzinfo = tz.tzlocal()
+
+        elif tzinfo_string in ["utc", "UTC", "Z"]:
+            tzinfo = tz.tzutc()
+
+        else:
+
+            iso_match = cls._TZINFO_RE.match(tzinfo_string)
+
+            if iso_match:
+                sign: Optional[str]
+                hours: str
+                minutes: Union[str, int, None]
+                sign, hours, minutes = iso_match.groups()
+                seconds = int(hours) * 3600 + int(minutes or 0) * 60
+
+                if sign == "-":
+                    seconds *= -1
+
+                tzinfo = tz.tzoffset(None, seconds)
+
+            else:
+                tzinfo = tz.gettz(tzinfo_string)
+
+        if tzinfo is None:
+            raise ParserError(f"Could not parse timezone expression {tzinfo_string!r}.")
+
+        return tzinfo
diff --git a/third_party/python/arrow/arrow/py.typed b/third_party/python/arrow/arrow/py.typed
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e69de29bb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/python/arrow/arrow/py.typed
diff --git a/third_party/python/arrow/arrow/util.py b/third_party/python/arrow/arrow/util.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f3eaa21c9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/third_party/python/arrow/arrow/util.py
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+"""Helpful functions used internally within arrow."""
+
+import datetime
+from typing import Any, Optional, cast
+
+from dateutil.rrule import WEEKLY, rrule
+
+from arrow.constants import (
+    MAX_ORDINAL,
+    MAX_TIMESTAMP,
+    MAX_TIMESTAMP_MS,
+    MAX_TIMESTAMP_US,
+    MIN_ORDINAL,
+)
+
+
+def next_weekday(
+    start_date: Optional[datetime.date], weekday: int
+) -> datetime.datetime:
+    """Get next weekday from the specified start date.
+
+    :param start_date: Datetime object representing the start date.
+    :param weekday: Next weekday to obtain. Can be a value between 0 (Monday) and 6 (Sunday).
+    :return: Datetime object corresponding to the next weekday after start_date.
+
+    Usage::
+
+        # Get first Monday after epoch
+        >>> next_weekday(datetime(1970, 1, 1), 0)
+        1970-01-05 00:00:00
+
+        # Get first Thursday after epoch
+        >>> next_weekday(datetime(1970, 1, 1), 3)
+        1970-01-01 00:00:00
+
+        # Get first Sunday after epoch
+        >>> next_weekday(datetime(1970, 1, 1), 6)
+        1970-01-04 00:00:00
+    """
+    if weekday < 0 or weekday > 6:
+        raise ValueError("Weekday must be between 0 (Monday) and 6 (Sunday).")
+    return cast(
+        datetime.datetime,
+        rrule(freq=WEEKLY, dtstart=start_date, byweekday=weekday, count=1)[0],
+    )
+
+
+def is_timestamp(value: Any) -> bool:
+    """Check if value is a valid timestamp."""
+    if isinstance(value, bool):
+        return False
+    if not isinstance(value, (int, float, str)):
+        return False
+    try:
+        float(value)
+        return True
+    except ValueError:
+        return False
+
+
+def validate_ordinal(value: Any) -> None:
+    """Raise an exception if value is an invalid Gregorian ordinal.
+
+    :param value: the input to be checked
+
+    """
+    if isinstance(value, bool) or not isinstance(value, int):
+        raise TypeError(f"Ordinal must be an integer (got type {type(value)}).")
+    if not (MIN_ORDINAL <= value <= MAX_ORDINAL):
+        raise ValueError(f"Ordinal {value} is out of range.")
+
+
+def normalize_timestamp(timestamp: float) -> float:
+    """Normalize millisecond and microsecond timestamps into normal timestamps."""
+    if timestamp > MAX_TIMESTAMP:
+        if timestamp < MAX_TIMESTAMP_MS:
+            timestamp /= 1000
+        elif timestamp < MAX_TIMESTAMP_US:
+            timestamp /= 1_000_000
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(f"The specified timestamp {timestamp!r} is too large.")
+    return timestamp
+
+
+# Credit to https://stackoverflow.com/a/1700069
+def iso_to_gregorian(iso_year: int, iso_week: int, iso_day: int) -> datetime.date:
+    """Converts an ISO week date into a datetime object.
+
+    :param iso_year: the year
+    :param iso_week: the week number, each year has either 52 or 53 weeks
+    :param iso_day: the day numbered 1 through 7, beginning with Monday
+
+    """
+
+    if not 1 <= iso_week <= 53:
+        raise ValueError("ISO Calendar week value must be between 1-53.")
+
+    if not 1 <= iso_day <= 7:
+        raise ValueError("ISO Calendar day value must be between 1-7")
+
+    # The first week of the year always contains 4 Jan.
+    fourth_jan = datetime.date(iso_year, 1, 4)
+    delta = datetime.timedelta(fourth_jan.isoweekday() - 1)
+    year_start = fourth_jan - delta
+    gregorian = year_start + datetime.timedelta(days=iso_day - 1, weeks=iso_week - 1)
+
+    return gregorian
+
+
+def validate_bounds(bounds: str) -> None:
+    if bounds != "()" and bounds != "(]" and bounds != "[)" and bounds != "[]":
+        raise ValueError(
+            "Invalid bounds. Please select between '()', '(]', '[)', or '[]'."
+        )
+
+
+__all__ = ["next_weekday", "is_timestamp", "validate_ordinal", "iso_to_gregorian"]