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+/*
+ * Copyright 2004 The WebRTC Project Authors. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license
+ * that can be found in the LICENSE file in the root of the source
+ * tree. An additional intellectual property rights grant can be found
+ * in the file PATENTS. All contributing project authors may
+ * be found in the AUTHORS file in the root of the source tree.
+ */
+
+#ifndef RTC_BASE_BUFFER_H_
+#define RTC_BASE_BUFFER_H_
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <memory>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include "absl/strings/string_view.h"
+#include "api/array_view.h"
+#include "rtc_base/checks.h"
+#include "rtc_base/type_traits.h"
+#include "rtc_base/zero_memory.h"
+
+namespace rtc {
+
+namespace internal {
+
+// (Internal; please don't use outside this file.) Determines if elements of
+// type U are compatible with a BufferT<T>. For most types, we just ignore
+// top-level const and forbid top-level volatile and require T and U to be
+// otherwise equal, but all byte-sized integers (notably char, int8_t, and
+// uint8_t) are compatible with each other. (Note: We aim to get rid of this
+// behavior, and treat all types the same.)
+template <typename T, typename U>
+struct BufferCompat {
+ static constexpr bool value =
+ !std::is_volatile<U>::value &&
+ ((std::is_integral<T>::value && sizeof(T) == 1)
+ ? (std::is_integral<U>::value && sizeof(U) == 1)
+ : (std::is_same<T, typename std::remove_const<U>::type>::value));
+};
+
+} // namespace internal
+
+// Basic buffer class, can be grown and shrunk dynamically.
+// Unlike std::string/vector, does not initialize data when increasing size.
+// If "ZeroOnFree" is true, any memory is explicitly cleared before releasing.
+// The type alias "ZeroOnFreeBuffer" below should be used instead of setting
+// "ZeroOnFree" in the template manually to "true".
+template <typename T, bool ZeroOnFree = false>
+class BufferT {
+ // We want T's destructor and default constructor to be trivial, i.e. perform
+ // no action, so that we don't have to touch the memory we allocate and
+ // deallocate. And we want T to be trivially copyable, so that we can copy T
+ // instances with std::memcpy. This is precisely the definition of a trivial
+ // type.
+ static_assert(std::is_trivial<T>::value, "T must be a trivial type.");
+
+ // This class relies heavily on being able to mutate its data.
+ static_assert(!std::is_const<T>::value, "T may not be const");
+
+ public:
+ using value_type = T;
+ using const_iterator = const T*;
+
+ // An empty BufferT.
+ BufferT() : size_(0), capacity_(0), data_(nullptr) {
+ RTC_DCHECK(IsConsistent());
+ }
+
+ // Disable copy construction and copy assignment, since copying a buffer is
+ // expensive enough that we want to force the user to be explicit about it.
+ BufferT(const BufferT&) = delete;
+ BufferT& operator=(const BufferT&) = delete;
+
+ BufferT(BufferT&& buf)
+ : size_(buf.size()),
+ capacity_(buf.capacity()),
+ data_(std::move(buf.data_)) {
+ RTC_DCHECK(IsConsistent());
+ buf.OnMovedFrom();
+ }
+
+ // Construct a buffer with the specified number of uninitialized elements.
+ explicit BufferT(size_t size) : BufferT(size, size) {}
+
+ BufferT(size_t size, size_t capacity)
+ : size_(size),
+ capacity_(std::max(size, capacity)),
+ data_(capacity_ > 0 ? new T[capacity_] : nullptr) {
+ RTC_DCHECK(IsConsistent());
+ }
+
+ // Construct a buffer and copy the specified number of elements into it.
+ template <typename U,
+ typename std::enable_if<
+ internal::BufferCompat<T, U>::value>::type* = nullptr>
+ BufferT(const U* data, size_t size) : BufferT(data, size, size) {}
+
+ template <typename U,
+ typename std::enable_if<
+ internal::BufferCompat<T, U>::value>::type* = nullptr>
+ BufferT(U* data, size_t size, size_t capacity) : BufferT(size, capacity) {
+ static_assert(sizeof(T) == sizeof(U), "");
+ if (size > 0) {
+ RTC_DCHECK(data);
+ std::memcpy(data_.get(), data, size * sizeof(U));
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Construct a buffer from the contents of an array.
+ template <typename U,
+ size_t N,
+ typename std::enable_if<
+ internal::BufferCompat<T, U>::value>::type* = nullptr>
+ BufferT(U (&array)[N]) : BufferT(array, N) {}
+
+ ~BufferT() { MaybeZeroCompleteBuffer(); }
+
+ // Implicit conversion to absl::string_view if T is compatible with char.
+ template <typename U = T>
+ operator typename std::enable_if<internal::BufferCompat<U, char>::value,
+ absl::string_view>::type() const {
+ return absl::string_view(data<char>(), size());
+ }
+
+ // Get a pointer to the data. Just .data() will give you a (const) T*, but if
+ // T is a byte-sized integer, you may also use .data<U>() for any other
+ // byte-sized integer U.
+ template <typename U = T,
+ typename std::enable_if<
+ internal::BufferCompat<T, U>::value>::type* = nullptr>
+ const U* data() const {
+ RTC_DCHECK(IsConsistent());
+ return reinterpret_cast<U*>(data_.get());
+ }
+
+ template <typename U = T,
+ typename std::enable_if<
+ internal::BufferCompat<T, U>::value>::type* = nullptr>
+ U* data() {
+ RTC_DCHECK(IsConsistent());
+ return reinterpret_cast<U*>(data_.get());
+ }
+
+ bool empty() const {
+ RTC_DCHECK(IsConsistent());
+ return size_ == 0;
+ }
+
+ size_t size() const {
+ RTC_DCHECK(IsConsistent());
+ return size_;
+ }
+
+ size_t capacity() const {
+ RTC_DCHECK(IsConsistent());
+ return capacity_;
+ }
+
+ BufferT& operator=(BufferT&& buf) {
+ RTC_DCHECK(buf.IsConsistent());
+ MaybeZeroCompleteBuffer();
+ size_ = buf.size_;
+ capacity_ = buf.capacity_;
+ using std::swap;
+ swap(data_, buf.data_);
+ buf.data_.reset();
+ buf.OnMovedFrom();
+ return *this;
+ }
+
+ bool operator==(const BufferT& buf) const {
+ RTC_DCHECK(IsConsistent());
+ if (size_ != buf.size_) {
+ return false;
+ }
+ if (std::is_integral<T>::value) {
+ // Optimization.
+ return std::memcmp(data_.get(), buf.data_.get(), size_ * sizeof(T)) == 0;
+ }
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < size_; ++i) {
+ if (data_[i] != buf.data_[i]) {
+ return false;
+ }
+ }
+ return true;
+ }
+
+ bool operator!=(const BufferT& buf) const { return !(*this == buf); }
+
+ T& operator[](size_t index) {
+ RTC_DCHECK_LT(index, size_);
+ return data()[index];
+ }
+
+ T operator[](size_t index) const {
+ RTC_DCHECK_LT(index, size_);
+ return data()[index];
+ }
+
+ T* begin() { return data(); }
+ T* end() { return data() + size(); }
+ const T* begin() const { return data(); }
+ const T* end() const { return data() + size(); }
+ const T* cbegin() const { return data(); }
+ const T* cend() const { return data() + size(); }
+
+ // The SetData functions replace the contents of the buffer. They accept the
+ // same input types as the constructors.
+ template <typename U,
+ typename std::enable_if<
+ internal::BufferCompat<T, U>::value>::type* = nullptr>
+ void SetData(const U* data, size_t size) {
+ RTC_DCHECK(IsConsistent());
+ const size_t old_size = size_;
+ size_ = 0;
+ AppendData(data, size);
+ if (ZeroOnFree && size_ < old_size) {
+ ZeroTrailingData(old_size - size_);
+ }
+ }
+
+ template <typename U,
+ size_t N,
+ typename std::enable_if<
+ internal::BufferCompat<T, U>::value>::type* = nullptr>
+ void SetData(const U (&array)[N]) {
+ SetData(array, N);
+ }
+
+ template <typename W,
+ typename std::enable_if<
+ HasDataAndSize<const W, const T>::value>::type* = nullptr>
+ void SetData(const W& w) {
+ SetData(w.data(), w.size());
+ }
+
+ // Replaces the data in the buffer with at most `max_elements` of data, using
+ // the function `setter`, which should have the following signature:
+ //
+ // size_t setter(ArrayView<U> view)
+ //
+ // `setter` is given an appropriately typed ArrayView of length exactly
+ // `max_elements` that describes the area where it should write the data; it
+ // should return the number of elements actually written. (If it doesn't fill
+ // the whole ArrayView, it should leave the unused space at the end.)
+ template <typename U = T,
+ typename F,
+ typename std::enable_if<
+ internal::BufferCompat<T, U>::value>::type* = nullptr>
+ size_t SetData(size_t max_elements, F&& setter) {
+ RTC_DCHECK(IsConsistent());
+ const size_t old_size = size_;
+ size_ = 0;
+ const size_t written = AppendData<U>(max_elements, std::forward<F>(setter));
+ if (ZeroOnFree && size_ < old_size) {
+ ZeroTrailingData(old_size - size_);
+ }
+ return written;
+ }
+
+ // The AppendData functions add data to the end of the buffer. They accept
+ // the same input types as the constructors.
+ template <typename U,
+ typename std::enable_if<
+ internal::BufferCompat<T, U>::value>::type* = nullptr>
+ void AppendData(const U* data, size_t size) {
+ if (size == 0) {
+ return;
+ }
+ RTC_DCHECK(data);
+ RTC_DCHECK(IsConsistent());
+ const size_t new_size = size_ + size;
+ EnsureCapacityWithHeadroom(new_size, true);
+ static_assert(sizeof(T) == sizeof(U), "");
+ std::memcpy(data_.get() + size_, data, size * sizeof(U));
+ size_ = new_size;
+ RTC_DCHECK(IsConsistent());
+ }
+
+ template <typename U,
+ size_t N,
+ typename std::enable_if<
+ internal::BufferCompat<T, U>::value>::type* = nullptr>
+ void AppendData(const U (&array)[N]) {
+ AppendData(array, N);
+ }
+
+ template <typename W,
+ typename std::enable_if<
+ HasDataAndSize<const W, const T>::value>::type* = nullptr>
+ void AppendData(const W& w) {
+ AppendData(w.data(), w.size());
+ }
+
+ template <typename U,
+ typename std::enable_if<
+ internal::BufferCompat<T, U>::value>::type* = nullptr>
+ void AppendData(const U& item) {
+ AppendData(&item, 1);
+ }
+
+ // Appends at most `max_elements` to the end of the buffer, using the function
+ // `setter`, which should have the following signature:
+ //
+ // size_t setter(ArrayView<U> view)
+ //
+ // `setter` is given an appropriately typed ArrayView of length exactly
+ // `max_elements` that describes the area where it should write the data; it
+ // should return the number of elements actually written. (If it doesn't fill
+ // the whole ArrayView, it should leave the unused space at the end.)
+ template <typename U = T,
+ typename F,
+ typename std::enable_if<
+ internal::BufferCompat<T, U>::value>::type* = nullptr>
+ size_t AppendData(size_t max_elements, F&& setter) {
+ RTC_DCHECK(IsConsistent());
+ const size_t old_size = size_;
+ SetSize(old_size + max_elements);
+ U* base_ptr = data<U>() + old_size;
+ size_t written_elements = setter(rtc::ArrayView<U>(base_ptr, max_elements));
+
+ RTC_CHECK_LE(written_elements, max_elements);
+ size_ = old_size + written_elements;
+ RTC_DCHECK(IsConsistent());
+ return written_elements;
+ }
+
+ // Sets the size of the buffer. If the new size is smaller than the old, the
+ // buffer contents will be kept but truncated; if the new size is greater,
+ // the existing contents will be kept and the new space will be
+ // uninitialized.
+ void SetSize(size_t size) {
+ const size_t old_size = size_;
+ EnsureCapacityWithHeadroom(size, true);
+ size_ = size;
+ if (ZeroOnFree && size_ < old_size) {
+ ZeroTrailingData(old_size - size_);
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Ensure that the buffer size can be increased to at least capacity without
+ // further reallocation. (Of course, this operation might need to reallocate
+ // the buffer.)
+ void EnsureCapacity(size_t capacity) {
+ // Don't allocate extra headroom, since the user is asking for a specific
+ // capacity.
+ EnsureCapacityWithHeadroom(capacity, false);
+ }
+
+ // Resets the buffer to zero size without altering capacity. Works even if the
+ // buffer has been moved from.
+ void Clear() {
+ MaybeZeroCompleteBuffer();
+ size_ = 0;
+ RTC_DCHECK(IsConsistent());
+ }
+
+ // Swaps two buffers. Also works for buffers that have been moved from.
+ friend void swap(BufferT& a, BufferT& b) {
+ using std::swap;
+ swap(a.size_, b.size_);
+ swap(a.capacity_, b.capacity_);
+ swap(a.data_, b.data_);
+ }
+
+ private:
+ void EnsureCapacityWithHeadroom(size_t capacity, bool extra_headroom) {
+ RTC_DCHECK(IsConsistent());
+ if (capacity <= capacity_)
+ return;
+
+ // If the caller asks for extra headroom, ensure that the new capacity is
+ // >= 1.5 times the old capacity. Any constant > 1 is sufficient to prevent
+ // quadratic behavior; as to why we pick 1.5 in particular, see
+ // https://github.com/facebook/folly/blob/master/folly/docs/FBVector.md and
+ // http://www.gahcep.com/cpp-internals-stl-vector-part-1/.
+ const size_t new_capacity =
+ extra_headroom ? std::max(capacity, capacity_ + capacity_ / 2)
+ : capacity;
+
+ std::unique_ptr<T[]> new_data(new T[new_capacity]);
+ if (data_ != nullptr) {
+ std::memcpy(new_data.get(), data_.get(), size_ * sizeof(T));
+ }
+ MaybeZeroCompleteBuffer();
+ data_ = std::move(new_data);
+ capacity_ = new_capacity;
+ RTC_DCHECK(IsConsistent());
+ }
+
+ // Zero the complete buffer if template argument "ZeroOnFree" is true.
+ void MaybeZeroCompleteBuffer() {
+ if (ZeroOnFree && capacity_ > 0) {
+ // It would be sufficient to only zero "size_" elements, as all other
+ // methods already ensure that the unused capacity contains no sensitive
+ // data---but better safe than sorry.
+ ExplicitZeroMemory(data_.get(), capacity_ * sizeof(T));
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Zero the first "count" elements of unused capacity.
+ void ZeroTrailingData(size_t count) {
+ RTC_DCHECK(IsConsistent());
+ RTC_DCHECK_LE(count, capacity_ - size_);
+ ExplicitZeroMemory(data_.get() + size_, count * sizeof(T));
+ }
+
+ // Precondition for all methods except Clear, operator= and the destructor.
+ // Postcondition for all methods except move construction and move
+ // assignment, which leave the moved-from object in a possibly inconsistent
+ // state.
+ bool IsConsistent() const {
+ return (data_ || capacity_ == 0) && capacity_ >= size_;
+ }
+
+ // Called when *this has been moved from. Conceptually it's a no-op, but we
+ // can mutate the state slightly to help subsequent sanity checks catch bugs.
+ void OnMovedFrom() {
+ RTC_DCHECK(!data_); // Our heap block should have been stolen.
+#if RTC_DCHECK_IS_ON
+ // Ensure that *this is always inconsistent, to provoke bugs.
+ size_ = 1;
+ capacity_ = 0;
+#else
+ // Make *this consistent and empty. Shouldn't be necessary, but better safe
+ // than sorry.
+ size_ = 0;
+ capacity_ = 0;
+#endif
+ }
+
+ size_t size_;
+ size_t capacity_;
+ std::unique_ptr<T[]> data_;
+};
+
+// By far the most common sort of buffer.
+using Buffer = BufferT<uint8_t>;
+
+// A buffer that zeros memory before releasing it.
+template <typename T>
+using ZeroOnFreeBuffer = BufferT<T, true>;
+
+} // namespace rtc
+
+#endif // RTC_BASE_BUFFER_H_