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+// Copyright (c) 2010 Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+// * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+// * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+// * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+// stackwalker_arm.cc: arm-specific stackwalker.
+//
+// See stackwalker_arm.h for documentation.
+//
+// Author: Mark Mentovai, Ted Mielczarek, Jim Blandy
+
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "common/scoped_ptr.h"
+#include "google_breakpad/processor/call_stack.h"
+#include "google_breakpad/processor/memory_region.h"
+#include "google_breakpad/processor/source_line_resolver_interface.h"
+#include "google_breakpad/processor/stack_frame_cpu.h"
+#include "google_breakpad/processor/system_info.h"
+#include "processor/cfi_frame_info.h"
+#include "processor/logging.h"
+#include "processor/stackwalker_arm.h"
+
+namespace google_breakpad {
+
+
+StackwalkerARM::StackwalkerARM(const SystemInfo* system_info,
+ const MDRawContextARM* context,
+ int fp_register,
+ MemoryRegion* memory,
+ const CodeModules* modules,
+ StackFrameSymbolizer* resolver_helper)
+ : Stackwalker(system_info, memory, modules, resolver_helper),
+ context_(context), fp_register_(fp_register),
+ context_frame_validity_(StackFrameARM::CONTEXT_VALID_ALL) { }
+
+
+StackFrame* StackwalkerARM::GetContextFrame() {
+ if (!context_) {
+ BPLOG(ERROR) << "Can't get context frame without context";
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ StackFrameARM* frame = new StackFrameARM();
+
+ // The instruction pointer is stored directly in a register (r15), so pull it
+ // straight out of the CPU context structure.
+ frame->context = *context_;
+ frame->context_validity = context_frame_validity_;
+ frame->trust = StackFrame::FRAME_TRUST_CONTEXT;
+ frame->instruction = frame->context.iregs[MD_CONTEXT_ARM_REG_PC];
+
+ return frame;
+}
+
+StackFrameARM* StackwalkerARM::GetCallerByCFIFrameInfo(
+ const vector<StackFrame*> &frames,
+ CFIFrameInfo* cfi_frame_info) {
+ StackFrameARM* last_frame = static_cast<StackFrameARM*>(frames.back());
+
+ static const char* register_names[] = {
+ "r0", "r1", "r2", "r3", "r4", "r5", "r6", "r7",
+ "r8", "r9", "r10", "r11", "r12", "sp", "lr", "pc",
+ "f0", "f1", "f2", "f3", "f4", "f5", "f6", "f7",
+ "fps", "cpsr",
+ NULL
+ };
+
+ // Populate a dictionary with the valid register values in last_frame.
+ CFIFrameInfo::RegisterValueMap<uint32_t> callee_registers;
+ for (int i = 0; register_names[i]; i++)
+ if (last_frame->context_validity & StackFrameARM::RegisterValidFlag(i))
+ callee_registers[register_names[i]] = last_frame->context.iregs[i];
+
+ // Use the STACK CFI data to recover the caller's register values.
+ CFIFrameInfo::RegisterValueMap<uint32_t> caller_registers;
+ if (!cfi_frame_info->FindCallerRegs(callee_registers, *memory_,
+ &caller_registers))
+ return NULL;
+
+ // Construct a new stack frame given the values the CFI recovered.
+ scoped_ptr<StackFrameARM> frame(new StackFrameARM());
+ for (int i = 0; register_names[i]; i++) {
+ CFIFrameInfo::RegisterValueMap<uint32_t>::iterator entry =
+ caller_registers.find(register_names[i]);
+ if (entry != caller_registers.end()) {
+ // We recovered the value of this register; fill the context with the
+ // value from caller_registers.
+ frame->context_validity |= StackFrameARM::RegisterValidFlag(i);
+ frame->context.iregs[i] = entry->second;
+ } else if (4 <= i && i <= 11 && (last_frame->context_validity &
+ StackFrameARM::RegisterValidFlag(i))) {
+ // If the STACK CFI data doesn't mention some callee-saves register, and
+ // it is valid in the callee, assume the callee has not yet changed it.
+ // Registers r4 through r11 are callee-saves, according to the Procedure
+ // Call Standard for the ARM Architecture, which the Linux ABI follows.
+ frame->context_validity |= StackFrameARM::RegisterValidFlag(i);
+ frame->context.iregs[i] = last_frame->context.iregs[i];
+ }
+ }
+ // If the CFI doesn't recover the PC explicitly, then use .ra.
+ if (!(frame->context_validity & StackFrameARM::CONTEXT_VALID_PC)) {
+ CFIFrameInfo::RegisterValueMap<uint32_t>::iterator entry =
+ caller_registers.find(".ra");
+ if (entry != caller_registers.end()) {
+ if (fp_register_ == -1) {
+ frame->context_validity |= StackFrameARM::CONTEXT_VALID_PC;
+ frame->context.iregs[MD_CONTEXT_ARM_REG_PC] = entry->second;
+ } else {
+ // The CFI updated the link register and not the program counter.
+ // Handle getting the program counter from the link register.
+ frame->context_validity |= StackFrameARM::CONTEXT_VALID_PC;
+ frame->context_validity |= StackFrameARM::CONTEXT_VALID_LR;
+ frame->context.iregs[MD_CONTEXT_ARM_REG_LR] = entry->second;
+ frame->context.iregs[MD_CONTEXT_ARM_REG_PC] =
+ last_frame->context.iregs[MD_CONTEXT_ARM_REG_LR];
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ // If the CFI doesn't recover the SP explicitly, then use .cfa.
+ if (!(frame->context_validity & StackFrameARM::CONTEXT_VALID_SP)) {
+ CFIFrameInfo::RegisterValueMap<uint32_t>::iterator entry =
+ caller_registers.find(".cfa");
+ if (entry != caller_registers.end()) {
+ frame->context_validity |= StackFrameARM::CONTEXT_VALID_SP;
+ frame->context.iregs[MD_CONTEXT_ARM_REG_SP] = entry->second;
+ }
+ }
+
+ // If we didn't recover the PC and the SP, then the frame isn't very useful.
+ static const int essentials = (StackFrameARM::CONTEXT_VALID_SP
+ | StackFrameARM::CONTEXT_VALID_PC);
+ if ((frame->context_validity & essentials) != essentials)
+ return NULL;
+
+ frame->trust = StackFrame::FRAME_TRUST_CFI;
+ return frame.release();
+}
+
+StackFrameARM* StackwalkerARM::GetCallerByStackScan(
+ const vector<StackFrame*> &frames) {
+ StackFrameARM* last_frame = static_cast<StackFrameARM*>(frames.back());
+ uint32_t last_sp = last_frame->context.iregs[MD_CONTEXT_ARM_REG_SP];
+ uint32_t caller_sp, caller_pc;
+
+ if (!ScanForReturnAddress(last_sp, &caller_sp, &caller_pc,
+ frames.size() == 1 /* is_context_frame */)) {
+ // No plausible return address was found.
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ // ScanForReturnAddress found a reasonable return address. Advance
+ // %sp to the location above the one where the return address was
+ // found.
+ caller_sp += 4;
+
+ // Create a new stack frame (ownership will be transferred to the caller)
+ // and fill it in.
+ StackFrameARM* frame = new StackFrameARM();
+
+ frame->trust = StackFrame::FRAME_TRUST_SCAN;
+ frame->context = last_frame->context;
+ frame->context.iregs[MD_CONTEXT_ARM_REG_PC] = caller_pc;
+ frame->context.iregs[MD_CONTEXT_ARM_REG_SP] = caller_sp;
+ frame->context_validity = StackFrameARM::CONTEXT_VALID_PC |
+ StackFrameARM::CONTEXT_VALID_SP;
+
+ return frame;
+}
+
+StackFrameARM* StackwalkerARM::GetCallerByFramePointer(
+ const vector<StackFrame*> &frames) {
+ StackFrameARM* last_frame = static_cast<StackFrameARM*>(frames.back());
+
+ if (!(last_frame->context_validity &
+ StackFrameARM::RegisterValidFlag(fp_register_))) {
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ uint32_t last_fp = last_frame->context.iregs[fp_register_];
+
+ uint32_t caller_fp = 0;
+ if (last_fp && !memory_->GetMemoryAtAddress(last_fp, &caller_fp)) {
+ BPLOG(ERROR) << "Unable to read caller_fp from last_fp: 0x"
+ << std::hex << last_fp;
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ uint32_t caller_lr = 0;
+ if (last_fp && !memory_->GetMemoryAtAddress(last_fp + 4, &caller_lr)) {
+ BPLOG(ERROR) << "Unable to read caller_lr from last_fp + 4: 0x"
+ << std::hex << (last_fp + 4);
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ uint32_t caller_sp = last_fp ? last_fp + 8 :
+ last_frame->context.iregs[MD_CONTEXT_ARM_REG_SP];
+
+ // Create a new stack frame (ownership will be transferred to the caller)
+ // and fill it in.
+ StackFrameARM* frame = new StackFrameARM();
+
+ frame->trust = StackFrame::FRAME_TRUST_FP;
+ frame->context = last_frame->context;
+ frame->context.iregs[fp_register_] = caller_fp;
+ frame->context.iregs[MD_CONTEXT_ARM_REG_SP] = caller_sp;
+ frame->context.iregs[MD_CONTEXT_ARM_REG_PC] =
+ last_frame->context.iregs[MD_CONTEXT_ARM_REG_LR];
+ frame->context.iregs[MD_CONTEXT_ARM_REG_LR] = caller_lr;
+ frame->context_validity = StackFrameARM::CONTEXT_VALID_PC |
+ StackFrameARM::CONTEXT_VALID_LR |
+ StackFrameARM::RegisterValidFlag(fp_register_) |
+ StackFrameARM::CONTEXT_VALID_SP;
+ return frame;
+}
+
+StackFrame* StackwalkerARM::GetCallerFrame(const CallStack* stack,
+ bool stack_scan_allowed) {
+ if (!memory_ || !stack) {
+ BPLOG(ERROR) << "Can't get caller frame without memory or stack";
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ const vector<StackFrame*> &frames = *stack->frames();
+ StackFrameARM* last_frame = static_cast<StackFrameARM*>(frames.back());
+ scoped_ptr<StackFrameARM> frame;
+
+ // See if there is DWARF call frame information covering this address.
+ // TODO(jperaza): Ignore iOS CFI info until it is properly collected.
+ // https://bugs.chromium.org/p/google-breakpad/issues/detail?id=764
+ if (!system_info_ || system_info_->os != "iOS") {
+ scoped_ptr<CFIFrameInfo> cfi_frame_info(
+ frame_symbolizer_->FindCFIFrameInfo(last_frame));
+ if (cfi_frame_info.get())
+ frame.reset(GetCallerByCFIFrameInfo(frames, cfi_frame_info.get()));
+ }
+
+ // If CFI failed, or there wasn't CFI available, fall back
+ // to frame pointer, if this is configured.
+ if (fp_register_ >= 0 && !frame.get())
+ frame.reset(GetCallerByFramePointer(frames));
+
+ // If everuthing failed, fall back to stack scanning.
+ if (stack_scan_allowed && !frame.get())
+ frame.reset(GetCallerByStackScan(frames));
+
+ // If nothing worked, tell the caller.
+ if (!frame.get())
+ return NULL;
+
+ // Should we terminate the stack walk? (end-of-stack or broken invariant)
+ if (TerminateWalk(frame->context.iregs[MD_CONTEXT_ARM_REG_PC],
+ frame->context.iregs[MD_CONTEXT_ARM_REG_SP],
+ last_frame->context.iregs[MD_CONTEXT_ARM_REG_SP],
+ frames.size() == 1)) {
+ return NULL;
+ }
+
+ // The new frame's context's PC is the return address, which is one
+ // instruction past the instruction that caused us to arrive at the
+ // callee. Set new_frame->instruction to one less than the PC. This won't
+ // reference the beginning of the call instruction, but it's at least
+ // within it, which is sufficient to get the source line information to
+ // match up with the line that contains the function call. Callers that
+ // require the exact return address value may access
+ // frame->context.iregs[MD_CONTEXT_ARM_REG_PC].
+ frame->instruction = frame->context.iregs[MD_CONTEXT_ARM_REG_PC] - 2;
+
+ return frame.release();
+}
+
+
+} // namespace google_breakpad