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-rw-r--r--tools/power/mach_commands.py148
-rw-r--r--tools/power/moz.build26
-rw-r--r--tools/power/rapl.cpp874
3 files changed, 1048 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/tools/power/mach_commands.py b/tools/power/mach_commands.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..117a96e1c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/power/mach_commands.py
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+# This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+# License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+# file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+
+from mach.decorators import Command, CommandArgument
+from packaging.version import Version
+
+
+def is_osx_10_10_or_greater(cls):
+ import platform
+
+ release = platform.mac_ver()[0]
+ return release and Version(release) >= Version("10.10")
+
+
+# Get system power consumption and related measurements.
+@Command(
+ "power",
+ category="misc",
+ conditions=[is_osx_10_10_or_greater],
+ description="Get system power consumption and related measurements for "
+ "all running browsers. Available only on Mac OS X 10.10 and above. "
+ "Requires root access.",
+)
+@CommandArgument(
+ "-i",
+ "--interval",
+ type=int,
+ default=30000,
+ help="The sample period, measured in milliseconds. Defaults to 30000.",
+)
+def power(command_context, interval):
+ """
+ Get system power consumption and related measurements.
+ """
+ import os
+ import re
+ import subprocess
+
+ rapl = os.path.join(command_context.topobjdir, "dist", "bin", "rapl")
+
+ interval = str(interval)
+
+ # Run a trivial command with |sudo| to gain temporary root privileges
+ # before |rapl| and |powermetrics| are called. This ensures that |rapl|
+ # doesn't start measuring while |powermetrics| is waiting for the root
+ # password to be entered.
+ try:
+ subprocess.check_call(["sudo", "true"])
+ except Exception:
+ print("\nsudo failed; aborting")
+ return 1
+
+ # This runs rapl in the background because nothing in this script
+ # depends on the output. This is good because we want |rapl| and
+ # |powermetrics| to run at the same time.
+ subprocess.Popen([rapl, "-n", "1", "-i", interval])
+
+ lines = subprocess.check_output(
+ [
+ "sudo",
+ "powermetrics",
+ "--samplers",
+ "tasks",
+ "--show-process-coalition",
+ "--show-process-gpu",
+ "-n",
+ "1",
+ "-i",
+ interval,
+ ],
+ universal_newlines=True,
+ )
+
+ # When run with --show-process-coalition, |powermetrics| groups outputs
+ # into process coalitions, each of which has a leader.
+ #
+ # For example, when Firefox runs from the dock, its coalition looks
+ # like this:
+ #
+ # org.mozilla.firefox
+ # firefox
+ # plugin-container
+ #
+ # When Safari runs from the dock:
+ #
+ # com.apple.Safari
+ # Safari
+ # com.apple.WebKit.Networking
+ # com.apple.WebKit.WebContent
+ # com.apple.WebKit.WebContent
+ #
+ # When Chrome runs from the dock:
+ #
+ # com.google.Chrome
+ # Google Chrome
+ # Google Chrome Helper
+ # Google Chrome Helper
+ #
+ # In these cases, we want to print the whole coalition.
+ #
+ # Also, when you run any of them from the command line, things are the
+ # same except that the leader is com.apple.Terminal and there may be
+ # non-browser processes in the coalition, e.g.:
+ #
+ # com.apple.Terminal
+ # firefox
+ # plugin-container
+ # <and possibly other, non-browser processes>
+ #
+ # Also, the WindowServer and kernel coalitions and processes are often
+ # relevant.
+ #
+ # We want to print all these but omit uninteresting coalitions. We
+ # could do this by properly parsing powermetrics output, but it's
+ # simpler and more robust to just grep for a handful of identifying
+ # strings.
+
+ print() # blank line between |rapl| output and |powermetrics| output
+
+ for line in lines.splitlines():
+ # Search for the following things.
+ #
+ # - '^Name' is for the columns headings line.
+ #
+ # - 'firefox' and 'plugin-container' are for Firefox
+ #
+ # - 'Safari\b' and 'WebKit' are for Safari. The '\b' excludes
+ # SafariCloudHistoryPush, which is a process that always
+ # runs, even when Safari isn't open.
+ #
+ # - 'Chrome' is for Chrome.
+ #
+ # - 'Terminal' is for the terminal. If no browser is running from
+ # within the terminal, it will show up unnecessarily. This is a
+ # minor disadvantage of this very simple parsing strategy.
+ #
+ # - 'WindowServer' is for the WindowServer.
+ #
+ # - 'kernel' is for the kernel.
+ #
+ if re.search(
+ r"(^Name|firefox|plugin-container|Safari\b|WebKit|Chrome|Terminal|WindowServer|kernel)", # NOQA: E501
+ line,
+ ):
+ print(line)
+
+ return 0
diff --git a/tools/power/moz.build b/tools/power/moz.build
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ec855a0b86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/power/moz.build
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# -*- Mode: python; indent-tabs-mode: nil; tab-width: 40 -*-
+# vim: set filetype=python:
+# This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+# License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+# file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+
+do_rapl = False
+
+if CONFIG["OS_ARCH"] == "Darwin" and CONFIG["TARGET_CPU"] == "x86_64":
+ do_rapl = True
+
+if (
+ CONFIG["OS_ARCH"] == "Linux"
+ and CONFIG["OS_TARGET"] != "Android"
+ and CONFIG["TARGET_CPU"] in ("x86", "x86_64")
+):
+ do_rapl = True
+
+if do_rapl:
+ SimplePrograms(
+ [
+ "rapl",
+ ]
+ )
+
+DisableStlWrapping()
diff --git a/tools/power/rapl.cpp b/tools/power/rapl.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1aa5fcf6ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/power/rapl.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,874 @@
+/* -*- Mode: C++; tab-width: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 2 -*- */
+/* vim: set ts=8 sts=2 et sw=2 tw=80: */
+/* This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */
+
+// This program provides processor power estimates. It does this by reading
+// model-specific registers (MSRs) that are part Intel's Running Average Power
+// Limit (RAPL) interface. These MSRs provide good quality estimates of the
+// energy consumption of up to four system components:
+// - PKG: the entire processor package;
+// - PP0: the cores (a subset of the package);
+// - PP1: the GPU (a subset of the package);
+// - DRAM: main memory.
+//
+// For more details about RAPL, see section 14.9 of Volume 3 of the "Intel 64
+// and IA-32 Architecture's Software Developer's Manual", Order Number 325384.
+//
+// This program exists because there are no existing tools on Mac that can
+// obtain all four RAPL estimates. (|powermetrics| can obtain the package
+// estimate, but not the others. Intel Power Gadget can obtain the package and
+// cores estimates.)
+//
+// On Linux |perf| can obtain all four estimates (as Joules, which are easily
+// converted to Watts), but this program is implemented for Linux because it's
+// not too hard to do, and that gives us multi-platform consistency.
+//
+// This program does not support Windows, unfortunately. It's not obvious how
+// to access the RAPL MSRs on Windows.
+//
+// This program deliberately uses only standard libraries and avoids
+// Mozilla-specific code, to make it easy to compile and test on different
+// machines.
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <getopt.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <numeric>
+#include <vector>
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Utilities
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// The value of argv[0] passed to main(). Used in error messages.
+static const char* gArgv0;
+
+static void Abort(const char* aFormat, ...) {
+ va_list vargs;
+ va_start(vargs, aFormat);
+ fprintf(stderr, "%s: ", gArgv0);
+ vfprintf(stderr, aFormat, vargs);
+ fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+ va_end(vargs);
+
+ exit(1);
+}
+
+static void CmdLineAbort(const char* aMsg) {
+ if (aMsg) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n", gArgv0, aMsg);
+ }
+ fprintf(stderr, "Use --help for more information.\n");
+ exit(1);
+}
+
+// A special value that represents an estimate from an unsupported RAPL domain.
+static const double kUnsupported_j = -1.0;
+
+// Print to stdout and flush it, so that the output appears immediately even if
+// being redirected through |tee| or anything like that.
+static void PrintAndFlush(const char* aFormat, ...) {
+ va_list vargs;
+ va_start(vargs, aFormat);
+ vfprintf(stdout, aFormat, vargs);
+ va_end(vargs);
+
+ fflush(stdout);
+}
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Mac-specific code
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#if defined(__APPLE__)
+
+// Because of the pkg_energy_statistics_t::pkes_version check below, the
+// earliest OS X version this code will work with is 10.9.0 (xnu-2422.1.72).
+
+# include <sys/types.h>
+# include <sys/sysctl.h>
+
+// OS X has four kinds of system calls:
+//
+// 1. Mach traps;
+// 2. UNIX system calls;
+// 3. machine-dependent calls;
+// 4. diagnostic calls.
+//
+// (See "Mac OS X and iOS Internals" by Jonathan Levin for more details.)
+//
+// The last category has a single call named diagCall() or diagCall64(). Its
+// mode is controlled by its first argument, and one of the modes allows access
+// to the Intel RAPL MSRs.
+//
+// The interface to diagCall64() is not exported, so we have to import some
+// definitions from the XNU kernel. All imported definitions are annotated with
+// the XNU source file they come from, and information about what XNU versions
+// they were introduced in and (if relevant) modified.
+
+// The diagCall64() mode.
+// From osfmk/i386/Diagnostics.h
+// - In 10.8.4 (xnu-2050.24.15) this value was introduced. (In 10.8.3 the value
+// 17 was used for dgGzallocTest.)
+# define dgPowerStat 17
+
+// From osfmk/i386/cpu_data.h
+// - In 10.8.5 these values were introduced, along with core_energy_stat_t.
+# define CPU_RTIME_BINS (12)
+# define CPU_ITIME_BINS (CPU_RTIME_BINS)
+
+// core_energy_stat_t and pkg_energy_statistics_t are both from
+// osfmk/i386/Diagnostics.c.
+// - In 10.8.4 (xnu-2050.24.15) both structs were introduced, but with many
+// fewer fields.
+// - In 10.8.5 (xnu-2050.48.11) both structs were substantially expanded, with
+// numerous new fields.
+// - In 10.9.0 (xnu-2422.1.72) pkg_energy_statistics_t::pkes_version was added.
+// diagCall64(dgPowerStat) fills it with '1' in all versions since (up to
+// 10.10.2 at time of writing).
+// - in 10.10.2 (xnu-2782.10.72) core_energy_stat_t::gpmcs was conditionally
+// added, if DIAG_ALL_PMCS is true. (DIAG_ALL_PMCS is not even defined in the
+// source code, but it could be defined at compile-time via compiler flags.)
+// pkg_energy_statistics_t::pkes_version did not change, though.
+
+typedef struct {
+ uint64_t caperf;
+ uint64_t cmperf;
+ uint64_t ccres[6];
+ uint64_t crtimes[CPU_RTIME_BINS];
+ uint64_t citimes[CPU_ITIME_BINS];
+ uint64_t crtime_total;
+ uint64_t citime_total;
+ uint64_t cpu_idle_exits;
+ uint64_t cpu_insns;
+ uint64_t cpu_ucc;
+ uint64_t cpu_urc;
+# if DIAG_ALL_PMCS // Added in 10.10.2 (xnu-2782.10.72).
+ uint64_t gpmcs[4]; // Added in 10.10.2 (xnu-2782.10.72).
+# endif /* DIAG_ALL_PMCS */ // Added in 10.10.2 (xnu-2782.10.72).
+} core_energy_stat_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+ uint64_t pkes_version; // Added in 10.9.0 (xnu-2422.1.72).
+ uint64_t pkg_cres[2][7];
+
+ // This is read from MSR 0x606, which Intel calls MSR_RAPL_POWER_UNIT
+ // and XNU calls MSR_IA32_PKG_POWER_SKU_UNIT.
+ uint64_t pkg_power_unit;
+
+ // These are the four fields for the four RAPL domains. For each field
+ // we list:
+ //
+ // - the corresponding MSR number;
+ // - Intel's name for that MSR;
+ // - XNU's name for that MSR;
+ // - which Intel processors the MSR is supported on.
+ //
+ // The last of these is determined from chapter 35 of Volume 3 of the
+ // "Intel 64 and IA-32 Architecture's Software Developer's Manual",
+ // Order Number 325384. (Note that chapter 35 contradicts section 14.9
+ // to some degree.)
+
+ // 0x611 == MSR_PKG_ENERGY_STATUS == MSR_IA32_PKG_ENERGY_STATUS
+ // Atom (various), Sandy Bridge, Next Gen Xeon Phi (model 0x57).
+ uint64_t pkg_energy;
+
+ // 0x639 == MSR_PP0_ENERGY_STATUS == MSR_IA32_PP0_ENERGY_STATUS
+ // Atom (various), Sandy Bridge, Next Gen Xeon Phi (model 0x57).
+ uint64_t pp0_energy;
+
+ // 0x641 == MSR_PP1_ENERGY_STATUS == MSR_PP1_ENERGY_STATUS
+ // Sandy Bridge, Haswell.
+ uint64_t pp1_energy;
+
+ // 0x619 == MSR_DRAM_ENERGY_STATUS == MSR_IA32_DDR_ENERGY_STATUS
+ // Xeon E5, Xeon E5 v2, Haswell/Haswell-E, Next Gen Xeon Phi (model
+ // 0x57)
+ uint64_t ddr_energy;
+
+ uint64_t llc_flushed_cycles;
+ uint64_t ring_ratio_instantaneous;
+ uint64_t IA_frequency_clipping_cause;
+ uint64_t GT_frequency_clipping_cause;
+ uint64_t pkg_idle_exits;
+ uint64_t pkg_rtimes[CPU_RTIME_BINS];
+ uint64_t pkg_itimes[CPU_ITIME_BINS];
+ uint64_t mbus_delay_time;
+ uint64_t mint_delay_time;
+ uint32_t ncpus;
+ core_energy_stat_t cest[];
+} pkg_energy_statistics_t;
+
+static int diagCall64(uint64_t aMode, void* aBuf) {
+ // We cannot use syscall() here because it doesn't work with diagnostic
+ // system calls -- it raises SIGSYS if you try. So we have to use asm.
+
+# ifdef __x86_64__
+ // The 0x40000 prefix indicates it's a diagnostic system call. The 0x01
+ // suffix indicates the syscall number is 1, which also happens to be the
+ // only diagnostic system call. See osfmk/mach/i386/syscall_sw.h for more
+ // details.
+ static const uint64_t diagCallNum = 0x4000001;
+ uint64_t rv;
+
+ __asm__ __volatile__(
+ "syscall"
+
+ // Return value goes in "a" (%rax).
+ : /* outputs */ "=a"(rv)
+
+ // The syscall number goes in "0", a synonym (from outputs) for "a"
+ // (%rax). The syscall arguments go in "D" (%rdi) and "S" (%rsi).
+ : /* inputs */ "0"(diagCallNum), "D"(aMode), "S"(aBuf)
+
+ // The |syscall| instruction clobbers %rcx, %r11, and %rflags ("cc"). And
+ // this particular syscall also writes memory (aBuf).
+ : /* clobbers */ "rcx", "r11", "cc", "memory");
+ return rv;
+# else
+# error Sorry, only x86-64 is supported
+# endif
+}
+
+static void diagCall64_dgPowerStat(pkg_energy_statistics_t* aPkes) {
+ static const uint64_t supported_version = 1;
+
+ // Write an unsupported version number into pkes_version so that the check
+ // below cannot succeed by dumb luck.
+ aPkes->pkes_version = supported_version - 1;
+
+ // diagCall64() returns 1 on success, and 0 on failure (which can only happen
+ // if the mode is unrecognized, e.g. in 10.7.x or earlier versions).
+ if (diagCall64(dgPowerStat, aPkes) != 1) {
+ Abort("diagCall64() failed");
+ }
+
+ if (aPkes->pkes_version != 1) {
+ Abort("unexpected pkes_version: %llu", aPkes->pkes_version);
+ }
+}
+
+class RAPL {
+ bool mIsGpuSupported; // Is the GPU domain supported by the processor?
+ bool mIsRamSupported; // Is the RAM domain supported by the processor?
+
+ // The DRAM domain on Haswell servers has a fixed energy unit (1/65536 J ==
+ // 15.3 microJoules) which is different to the power unit MSR. (See the
+ // "Intel Xeon Processor E5-1600 and E5-2600 v3 Product Families, Volume 2 of
+ // 2, Registers" datasheet, September 2014, Reference Number: 330784-001.)
+ // This field records whether the quirk is present.
+ bool mHasRamUnitsQuirk;
+
+ // The abovementioned 15.3 microJoules value.
+ static const double kQuirkyRamJoulesPerTick;
+
+ // The previous sample's MSR values.
+ uint64_t mPrevPkgTicks;
+ uint64_t mPrevPp0Ticks;
+ uint64_t mPrevPp1Ticks;
+ uint64_t mPrevDdrTicks;
+
+ // The struct passed to diagCall64().
+ pkg_energy_statistics_t* mPkes;
+
+ public:
+ RAPL() : mHasRamUnitsQuirk(false) {
+ // Work out which RAPL MSRs this CPU model supports.
+ int cpuModel;
+ size_t size = sizeof(cpuModel);
+ if (sysctlbyname("machdep.cpu.model", &cpuModel, &size, NULL, 0) != 0) {
+ Abort("sysctlbyname(\"machdep.cpu.model\") failed");
+ }
+
+ // This is similar to arch/x86/kernel/cpu/perf_event_intel_rapl.c in
+ // linux-4.1.5/.
+ //
+ // By linux-5.6.14/, this stuff had moved into
+ // arch/x86/events/intel/rapl.c, which references processor families in
+ // arch/x86/include/asm/intel-family.h.
+ switch (cpuModel) {
+ case 0x2a: // Sandy Bridge
+ case 0x3a: // Ivy Bridge
+ // Supports package, cores, GPU.
+ mIsGpuSupported = true;
+ mIsRamSupported = false;
+ break;
+
+ case 0x3f: // Haswell X
+ case 0x4f: // Broadwell X
+ case 0x55: // Skylake X
+ case 0x56: // Broadwell D
+ // Supports package, cores, RAM. Has the units quirk.
+ mIsGpuSupported = false;
+ mIsRamSupported = true;
+ mHasRamUnitsQuirk = true;
+ break;
+
+ case 0x2d: // Sandy Bridge X
+ case 0x3e: // Ivy Bridge X
+ // Supports package, cores, RAM.
+ mIsGpuSupported = false;
+ mIsRamSupported = true;
+ break;
+
+ case 0x3c: // Haswell
+ case 0x3d: // Broadwell
+ case 0x45: // Haswell L
+ case 0x46: // Haswell G
+ case 0x47: // Broadwell G
+ // Supports package, cores, GPU, RAM.
+ mIsGpuSupported = true;
+ mIsRamSupported = true;
+ break;
+
+ case 0x4e: // Skylake L
+ case 0x5e: // Skylake
+ case 0x8e: // Kaby Lake L
+ case 0x9e: // Kaby Lake
+ case 0x66: // Cannon Lake L
+ case 0x7d: // Ice Lake
+ case 0x7e: // Ice Lake L
+ case 0xa5: // Comet Lake
+ case 0xa6: // Comet Lake L
+ // Supports package, cores, GPU, RAM, PSYS.
+ // XXX: this tool currently doesn't measure PSYS.
+ mIsGpuSupported = true;
+ mIsRamSupported = true;
+ break;
+
+ default:
+ Abort("unknown CPU model: %d", cpuModel);
+ break;
+ }
+
+ // Get the maximum number of logical CPUs so that we know how big to make
+ // |mPkes|.
+ int logicalcpu_max;
+ size = sizeof(logicalcpu_max);
+ if (sysctlbyname("hw.logicalcpu_max", &logicalcpu_max, &size, NULL, 0) !=
+ 0) {
+ Abort("sysctlbyname(\"hw.logicalcpu_max\") failed");
+ }
+
+ // Over-allocate by 1024 bytes per CPU to allow for the uncertainty around
+ // core_energy_stat_t::gpmcs and for any other future extensions to that
+ // struct. (The fields we read all come before the core_energy_stat_t
+ // array, so it won't matter to us whether gpmcs is present or not.)
+ size_t pkesSize = sizeof(pkg_energy_statistics_t) +
+ logicalcpu_max * sizeof(core_energy_stat_t) +
+ logicalcpu_max * 1024;
+ mPkes = (pkg_energy_statistics_t*)malloc(pkesSize);
+ if (!mPkes) {
+ Abort("malloc() failed");
+ }
+
+ // Do an initial measurement so that the first sample's diffs are sensible.
+ double dummy1, dummy2, dummy3, dummy4;
+ EnergyEstimates(dummy1, dummy2, dummy3, dummy4);
+ }
+
+ ~RAPL() { free(mPkes); }
+
+ static double Joules(uint64_t aTicks, double aJoulesPerTick) {
+ return double(aTicks) * aJoulesPerTick;
+ }
+
+ void EnergyEstimates(double& aPkg_J, double& aCores_J, double& aGpu_J,
+ double& aRam_J) {
+ diagCall64_dgPowerStat(mPkes);
+
+ // Bits 12:8 are the ESU.
+ // Energy measurements come in multiples of 1/(2^ESU).
+ uint32_t energyStatusUnits = (mPkes->pkg_power_unit >> 8) & 0x1f;
+ double joulesPerTick = ((double)1 / (1 << energyStatusUnits));
+
+ aPkg_J = Joules(mPkes->pkg_energy - mPrevPkgTicks, joulesPerTick);
+ aCores_J = Joules(mPkes->pp0_energy - mPrevPp0Ticks, joulesPerTick);
+ aGpu_J = mIsGpuSupported
+ ? Joules(mPkes->pp1_energy - mPrevPp1Ticks, joulesPerTick)
+ : kUnsupported_j;
+ aRam_J = mIsRamSupported
+ ? Joules(mPkes->ddr_energy - mPrevDdrTicks,
+ mHasRamUnitsQuirk ? kQuirkyRamJoulesPerTick
+ : joulesPerTick)
+ : kUnsupported_j;
+
+ mPrevPkgTicks = mPkes->pkg_energy;
+ mPrevPp0Ticks = mPkes->pp0_energy;
+ if (mIsGpuSupported) {
+ mPrevPp1Ticks = mPkes->pp1_energy;
+ }
+ if (mIsRamSupported) {
+ mPrevDdrTicks = mPkes->ddr_energy;
+ }
+ }
+};
+
+/* static */ const double RAPL::kQuirkyRamJoulesPerTick = (double)1 / 65536;
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Linux-specific code
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#elif defined(__linux__)
+
+# include <linux/perf_event.h>
+# include <sys/syscall.h>
+
+// There is no glibc wrapper for this system call so we provide our own.
+static int perf_event_open(struct perf_event_attr* aAttr, pid_t aPid, int aCpu,
+ int aGroupFd, unsigned long aFlags) {
+ return syscall(__NR_perf_event_open, aAttr, aPid, aCpu, aGroupFd, aFlags);
+}
+
+// Returns false if the file cannot be opened.
+template <typename T>
+static bool ReadValueFromPowerFile(const char* aStr1, const char* aStr2,
+ const char* aStr3, const char* aScanfString,
+ T* aOut) {
+ // The filenames going into this buffer are under our control and the longest
+ // one is "/sys/bus/event_source/devices/power/events/energy-cores.scale".
+ // So 256 chars is plenty.
+ char filename[256];
+
+ sprintf(filename, "/sys/bus/event_source/devices/power/%s%s%s", aStr1, aStr2,
+ aStr3);
+ FILE* fp = fopen(filename, "r");
+ if (!fp) {
+ return false;
+ }
+ if (fscanf(fp, aScanfString, aOut) != 1) {
+ Abort("fscanf() failed");
+ }
+ fclose(fp);
+
+ return true;
+}
+
+// This class encapsulates the reading of a single RAPL domain.
+class Domain {
+ bool mIsSupported; // Is the domain supported by the processor?
+
+ // These three are only set if |mIsSupported| is true.
+ double mJoulesPerTick; // How many Joules each tick of the MSR represents.
+ int mFd; // The fd through which the MSR is read.
+ double mPrevTicks; // The previous sample's MSR value.
+
+ public:
+ enum IsOptional { Optional, NonOptional };
+
+ Domain(const char* aName, uint32_t aType,
+ IsOptional aOptional = NonOptional) {
+ uint64_t config;
+ if (!ReadValueFromPowerFile("events/energy-", aName, "", "event=%llx",
+ &config)) {
+ // Failure is allowed for optional domains.
+ if (aOptional == NonOptional) {
+ Abort(
+ "failed to open file for non-optional domain '%s'\n"
+ "- Is your kernel version 3.14 or later, as required? "
+ "Run |uname -r| to see.",
+ aName);
+ }
+ mIsSupported = false;
+ return;
+ }
+
+ mIsSupported = true;
+
+ if (!ReadValueFromPowerFile("events/energy-", aName, ".scale", "%lf",
+ &mJoulesPerTick)) {
+ Abort("failed to read from .scale file");
+ }
+
+ // The unit should be "Joules", so 128 chars should be plenty.
+ char unit[128];
+ if (!ReadValueFromPowerFile("events/energy-", aName, ".unit", "%127s",
+ unit)) {
+ Abort("failed to read from .unit file");
+ }
+ if (strcmp(unit, "Joules") != 0) {
+ Abort("unexpected unit '%s' in .unit file", unit);
+ }
+
+ struct perf_event_attr attr;
+ memset(&attr, 0, sizeof(attr));
+ attr.type = aType;
+ attr.size = uint32_t(sizeof(attr));
+ attr.config = config;
+
+ // Measure all processes/threads. The specified CPU doesn't matter.
+ mFd = perf_event_open(&attr, /* aPid = */ -1, /* aCpu = */ 0,
+ /* aGroupFd = */ -1, /* aFlags = */ 0);
+ if (mFd < 0) {
+ Abort(
+ "perf_event_open() failed\n"
+ "- Did you run as root (e.g. with |sudo|) or set\n"
+ " /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_paranoid to 0, as required?");
+ }
+
+ mPrevTicks = 0;
+ }
+
+ ~Domain() {
+ if (mIsSupported) {
+ close(mFd);
+ }
+ }
+
+ double EnergyEstimate() {
+ if (!mIsSupported) {
+ return kUnsupported_j;
+ }
+
+ uint64_t thisTicks;
+ if (read(mFd, &thisTicks, sizeof(uint64_t)) != sizeof(uint64_t)) {
+ Abort("read() failed");
+ }
+
+ uint64_t ticks = thisTicks - mPrevTicks;
+ mPrevTicks = thisTicks;
+ double joules = ticks * mJoulesPerTick;
+ return joules;
+ }
+};
+
+class RAPL {
+ Domain* mPkg;
+ Domain* mCores;
+ Domain* mGpu;
+ Domain* mRam;
+
+ public:
+ RAPL() {
+ uint32_t type;
+ if (!ReadValueFromPowerFile("type", "", "", "%u", &type)) {
+ Abort("failed to read from type file");
+ }
+
+ mPkg = new Domain("pkg", type);
+ mCores = new Domain("cores", type);
+ mGpu = new Domain("gpu", type, Domain::Optional);
+ mRam = new Domain("ram", type, Domain::Optional);
+ if (!mPkg || !mCores || !mGpu || !mRam) {
+ Abort("new Domain() failed");
+ }
+ }
+
+ ~RAPL() {
+ delete mPkg;
+ delete mCores;
+ delete mGpu;
+ delete mRam;
+ }
+
+ void EnergyEstimates(double& aPkg_J, double& aCores_J, double& aGpu_J,
+ double& aRam_J) {
+ aPkg_J = mPkg->EnergyEstimate();
+ aCores_J = mCores->EnergyEstimate();
+ aGpu_J = mGpu->EnergyEstimate();
+ aRam_J = mRam->EnergyEstimate();
+ }
+};
+
+#else
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Unsupported platforms
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# error Sorry, this platform is not supported
+
+#endif // platform
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// The main loop
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// The sample interval, measured in seconds.
+static double gSampleInterval_sec;
+
+// The platform-specific RAPL-reading machinery.
+static RAPL* gRapl;
+
+// All the sampled "total" values, in Watts.
+static std::vector<double> gTotals_W;
+
+// Power = Energy / Time, where power is measured in Watts, Energy is measured
+// in Joules, and Time is measured in seconds.
+static double JoulesToWatts(double aJoules) {
+ return aJoules / gSampleInterval_sec;
+}
+
+// "Normalize" here means convert kUnsupported_j to zero so it can be used in
+// additive expressions. All printed values are 5 or maybe 6 chars (though 6
+// chars would require a value > 100 W, which is unlikely). Values above 1000 W
+// are normalized to " n/a ", so 6 chars is the longest that may be printed.
+static void NormalizeAndPrintAsWatts(char* aBuf, double& aValue_J) {
+ if (aValue_J == kUnsupported_j || aValue_J >= 1000) {
+ aValue_J = 0;
+ sprintf(aBuf, "%s", " n/a ");
+ } else {
+ sprintf(aBuf, "%5.2f", JoulesToWatts(aValue_J));
+ }
+}
+
+static void SigAlrmHandler(int aSigNum, siginfo_t* aInfo, void* aContext) {
+ static int sampleNumber = 1;
+
+ double pkg_J, cores_J, gpu_J, ram_J;
+ gRapl->EnergyEstimates(pkg_J, cores_J, gpu_J, ram_J);
+
+ // We should have pkg and cores estimates, but might not have gpu and ram
+ // estimates.
+ assert(pkg_J != kUnsupported_j);
+ assert(cores_J != kUnsupported_j);
+
+ // This needs to be big enough to print watt values to two decimal places. 16
+ // should be plenty.
+ static const size_t kNumStrLen = 16;
+
+ static char pkgStr[kNumStrLen], coresStr[kNumStrLen], gpuStr[kNumStrLen],
+ ramStr[kNumStrLen];
+ NormalizeAndPrintAsWatts(pkgStr, pkg_J);
+ NormalizeAndPrintAsWatts(coresStr, cores_J);
+ NormalizeAndPrintAsWatts(gpuStr, gpu_J);
+ NormalizeAndPrintAsWatts(ramStr, ram_J);
+
+ // Core and GPU power are a subset of the package power.
+ assert(pkg_J >= cores_J + gpu_J);
+
+ // Compute "other" (i.e. rest of the package) and "total" only after the
+ // other values have been normalized.
+
+ char otherStr[kNumStrLen];
+ double other_J = pkg_J - cores_J - gpu_J;
+ NormalizeAndPrintAsWatts(otherStr, other_J);
+
+ char totalStr[kNumStrLen];
+ double total_J = pkg_J + ram_J;
+ NormalizeAndPrintAsWatts(totalStr, total_J);
+
+ gTotals_W.push_back(JoulesToWatts(total_J));
+
+ // Print and flush so that the output appears immediately even if being
+ // redirected through |tee| or anything like that.
+ PrintAndFlush("#%02d %s W = %s (%s + %s + %s) + %s W\n", sampleNumber++,
+ totalStr, pkgStr, coresStr, gpuStr, otherStr, ramStr);
+}
+
+static void Finish() {
+ size_t n = gTotals_W.size();
+
+ // This time calculation assumes that the timers are perfectly accurate which
+ // is not true but the inaccuracy should be small in practice.
+ double time = n * gSampleInterval_sec;
+
+ printf("\n");
+ printf("%d sample%s taken over a period of %.3f second%s\n", int(n),
+ n == 1 ? "" : "s", n * gSampleInterval_sec, time == 1.0 ? "" : "s");
+
+ if (n == 0 || n == 1) {
+ exit(0);
+ }
+
+ // Compute the mean.
+ double sum = std::accumulate(gTotals_W.begin(), gTotals_W.end(), 0.0);
+ double mean = sum / n;
+
+ // Compute the *population* standard deviation:
+ //
+ // popStdDev = sqrt(Sigma(x - m)^2 / n)
+ //
+ // where |x| is the sum variable, |m| is the mean, and |n| is the
+ // population size.
+ //
+ // This is different from the *sample* standard deviation, which divides by
+ // |n - 1|, and would be appropriate if we were using a random sample of a
+ // larger population.
+ double sumOfSquaredDeviations = 0;
+ for (double& iter : gTotals_W) {
+ double deviation = (iter - mean);
+ sumOfSquaredDeviations += deviation * deviation;
+ }
+ double popStdDev = sqrt(sumOfSquaredDeviations / n);
+
+ // Sort so that percentiles can be determined. We use the "Nearest Rank"
+ // method of determining percentiles, which is simplest to compute and which
+ // chooses values from those that appear in the input set.
+ std::sort(gTotals_W.begin(), gTotals_W.end());
+
+ printf("\n");
+ printf("Distribution of 'total' values:\n");
+ printf(" mean = %5.2f W\n", mean);
+ printf(" std dev = %5.2f W\n", popStdDev);
+ printf(" 0th percentile = %5.2f W (min)\n", gTotals_W[0]);
+ printf(" 5th percentile = %5.2f W\n", gTotals_W[ceil(0.05 * n) - 1]);
+ printf(" 25th percentile = %5.2f W\n", gTotals_W[ceil(0.25 * n) - 1]);
+ printf(" 50th percentile = %5.2f W\n", gTotals_W[ceil(0.50 * n) - 1]);
+ printf(" 75th percentile = %5.2f W\n", gTotals_W[ceil(0.75 * n) - 1]);
+ printf(" 95th percentile = %5.2f W\n", gTotals_W[ceil(0.95 * n) - 1]);
+ printf("100th percentile = %5.2f W (max)\n", gTotals_W[n - 1]);
+
+ exit(0);
+}
+
+static void SigIntHandler(int aSigNum, siginfo_t* aInfo, void* aContext) {
+ Finish();
+}
+
+static void PrintUsage() {
+ printf(
+ "usage: rapl [options]\n"
+ "\n"
+ "Options:\n"
+ "\n"
+ " -h --help show this message\n"
+ " -i --sample-interval <N> sample every N ms [default=1000]\n"
+ " -n --sample-count <N> get N samples (0 means unlimited) "
+ "[default=0]\n"
+ "\n"
+#if defined(__APPLE__)
+ "On Mac this program can be run by any user.\n"
+#elif defined(__linux__)
+ "On Linux this program can only be run by the super-user unless the "
+ "contents\n"
+ "of /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_paranoid is set to 0 or lower.\n"
+#else
+# error Sorry, this platform is not supported
+#endif
+ "\n");
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+ // Process command line options.
+
+ gArgv0 = argv[0];
+
+ // Default values.
+ int sampleInterval_msec = 1000;
+ int sampleCount = 0;
+
+ struct option longOptions[] = {
+ {"help", no_argument, NULL, 'h'},
+ {"sample-interval", required_argument, NULL, 'i'},
+ {"sample-count", required_argument, NULL, 'n'},
+ {NULL, 0, NULL, 0}};
+ const char* shortOptions = "hi:n:";
+
+ int c;
+ char* endPtr;
+ while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, shortOptions, longOptions, NULL)) != -1) {
+ switch (c) {
+ case 'h':
+ PrintUsage();
+ exit(0);
+
+ case 'i':
+ sampleInterval_msec = strtol(optarg, &endPtr, /* base = */ 10);
+ if (*endPtr) {
+ CmdLineAbort("sample interval is not an integer");
+ }
+ if (sampleInterval_msec < 1 || sampleInterval_msec > 3600000) {
+ CmdLineAbort("sample interval must be in the range 1..3600000 ms");
+ }
+ break;
+
+ case 'n':
+ sampleCount = strtol(optarg, &endPtr, /* base = */ 10);
+ if (*endPtr) {
+ CmdLineAbort("sample count is not an integer");
+ }
+ if (sampleCount < 0 || sampleCount > 1000000) {
+ CmdLineAbort("sample count must be in the range 0..1000000");
+ }
+ break;
+
+ default:
+ CmdLineAbort(NULL);
+ }
+ }
+
+ // The RAPL MSRs update every ~1 ms, but the measurement period isn't exactly
+ // 1 ms, which means the sample periods are not exact. "Power Measurement
+ // Techniques on Standard Compute Nodes: A Quantitative Comparison" by
+ // Hackenberg et al. suggests the following.
+ //
+ // "RAPL provides energy (and not power) consumption data without
+ // timestamps associated to each counter update. This makes sampling rates
+ // above 20 Samples/s unfeasible if the systematic error should be below
+ // 5%... Constantly polling the RAPL registers will both occupy a processor
+ // core and distort the measurement itself."
+ //
+ // So warn about this case.
+ if (sampleInterval_msec < 50) {
+ fprintf(stderr,
+ "\nWARNING: sample intervals < 50 ms are likely to produce "
+ "inaccurate estimates\n\n");
+ }
+ gSampleInterval_sec = double(sampleInterval_msec) / 1000;
+
+ // Initialize the platform-specific RAPL reading machinery.
+ gRapl = new RAPL();
+ if (!gRapl) {
+ Abort("new RAPL() failed");
+ }
+
+ // Install the signal handlers.
+
+ struct sigaction sa;
+ memset(&sa, 0, sizeof(sa));
+ sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART | SA_SIGINFO;
+ // The extra parens around (0) suppress a -Wunreachable-code warning on OS X
+ // where sigemptyset() is a macro that can never fail and always returns 0.
+ if (sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask) < (0)) {
+ Abort("sigemptyset() failed");
+ }
+ sa.sa_sigaction = SigAlrmHandler;
+ if (sigaction(SIGALRM, &sa, NULL) < 0) {
+ Abort("sigaction(SIGALRM) failed");
+ }
+ sa.sa_sigaction = SigIntHandler;
+ if (sigaction(SIGINT, &sa, NULL) < 0) {
+ Abort("sigaction(SIGINT) failed");
+ }
+
+ // Set up the timer.
+ struct itimerval timer;
+ timer.it_interval.tv_sec = sampleInterval_msec / 1000;
+ timer.it_interval.tv_usec = (sampleInterval_msec % 1000) * 1000;
+ timer.it_value = timer.it_interval;
+ if (setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &timer, NULL) < 0) {
+ Abort("setitimer() failed");
+ }
+
+ // Print header.
+ PrintAndFlush(" total W = _pkg_ (cores + _gpu_ + other) + _ram_ W\n");
+
+ // Take samples.
+ if (sampleCount == 0) {
+ while (true) {
+ pause();
+ }
+ } else {
+ for (int i = 0; i < sampleCount; i++) {
+ pause();
+ }
+ }
+
+ Finish();
+
+ return 0;
+}