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@@ -0,0 +1,3594 @@ + Copyright (C) 1992-2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + + Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification, + are permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright + notice and this notice are preserved. + +This file describes recent user-visible changes in groff. Bug fixes are +not described. There are more details in the man and info pages. + +VERSION 1.23.0 +============== + +troff +----- + +o The `troffrc` file now loads an English localization file instead of + directly housing configuration parameters appropriate to the English + language. See "Macro Packages" below. + +o A new read-only register `.cp` is implemented. Within a `do` request, + "\n[.cp]" holds the saved value of compatibility mode. See + groff_diff(7) or the groff Texinfo manual for rationale, use case, and + example. + +o New read-only registers `.nm` and `.nn` are implemented. `.nm` is of + Boolean sense, reporting the enablement status of output line + numbering (caused by the `nm` request) irrespective of the temporary + suspension of numbering with the `nn` request. `.nn` holds the count + of numbered output lines still to have that numbering suppressed. + These registers were introduced because there was no way for the + formatter (and thus a document) to introspect their state, tbl(1) + needs to be able to do so, and the writable line number register `ln` + is not a reliable proxy for this information. + +o Type size escape sequences of the form "\sNN", where NN is in the + range 10-39, are now recognized only in compatibility mode ("groff + -C"); when encountered, an error diagnostic is emitted. Otherwise, + "\sN" is interpreted as setting the type size to the single-digit + value N (in scaled points), which ends the escape sequence. This + change eliminates a quirk in the language grammar that dates back to + the mid-1970s (AT&T troff by Ossanna) but was not documented in the + Troff User's Manual until 1992 when Kernighan updated CSTR #54 for + device-independent AT&T troff. + + The form "\s(NN" is accepted for two-digit sizes in all known troffs. + The form "\s[NNN]" accepts a numeric expression of variable length; it + has been supported by groff since version 1.01 (March 1991) or + earlier, by Heirloom Doctools troff since its 2005-08-16 release, and + by neatroff, but not by Plan 9 troff. The form "\s'NNN'" is also + widely supported. + + Summary: in your documents, rewrite escape sequences beginning with + "\s1", "\s2", or "\s3" in an unambiguous and portable form. For + instance, "\s36" can become any of: + \s(36 + \s[36] + \s'36' + You can use + grep '\\s[123]' + to find instances in your documents. + + Those who have changed the escape character with the `ec` request (an + advanced usage) are expected to be able to cope; ask the development + team for support if you need it. + +o New requests `soquiet` and `msoquiet` are available. They operate as + `so` and `mso`, respectively, except that they do not emit a warning + diagnostic if the file named in their argument does not exist. + +o New requests `stringdown` and `stringup` are available. These change + the string named in their argument by replacing each of its bytes with + its lowercase or uppercase version (if any), respectively. groff + special characters (see the groff_char(7) man page) in the string will + often transform in the expected way due to the regular naming + convention for accented letters. When they do not, use substrings + and/or catenation. + +o The `ab` request no longer writes "User Abort." to the standard error + stream if given no arguments. + +o The `fp` request no longer accepts file or font names with slashes in + them as arguments. All font description files are expected to be + accessible within the directory of the output device for which they + were prepared. + +nroff +----- + +o The new option -P takes an argument to pass to the output driver + (always grotty(1)). "-P-i" directs the terminal device to display + real italic (oblique) characters instead of underlining: it is up to + your terminal (emulator) to support italics (xterm does since patch + #314 [2014-12-28]). "-P-h" can now be used instead of -h; the latter + may eventually be deprecated and repurposed. + +o The new option -V emits the constructed groff command that nroff would + run to standard output instead of executing it. Arguments to nroff + that contain shell metacharacters may not be sufficiently escaped for + the output of nroff -V to be copied and pasted to the shell prompt; + this is a historical deficiency of the Bourne shell family not yet + corrected by the POSIX standard. + +o nroff now recognizes the -b, -E, -k, -K, -R, and -z options and passes + them through to groff. + +o nroff now supports spaces and tabs between option flag letters and + arguments to options, like groff and troff themselves. + +groff +----- + +o The -I option now implies -g (run the grn(1) preprocessor), and + supplies grn an -M option with the argument to -I. + +eqn +--- + +o The GNU extension + + delim on + + is now recognized even in AT&T compatibility mode (the -C option) in + order to reliably integrate with tbl. Few eqn documents are expected + to use 'o' and 'n' as left and right delimiters, respectively. If + yours does, consider swapping them, or select others. + +o The command-line option -D is no longer supported. It has been + undocumented, and issued a warning of its obsolescence upon use, for + 30 years, since groff 1.06 (September 1992). + +pic +--- + +o The token `.PY` is now recognized as a synonym of `.PF` to work around + a name space collision with the m (mm) macro package, which defines + `PF` as a page footer management macro. (This problem dates back at + least to Unix System V Release 2, 1983.) You should continue to use + `.PF` to end pictures with flyback unless a similar problem faces your + document. + +tbl +--- + +o GNU tbl now suspends output line numbering while formatting tables, + saving and restoring its status before and after each table region, + including the count of lines for which numbering is suppressed. + Historical tbl implementations did not, with bizarre consequences when + text blocks were used in tables. + +Macro packages +-------------- + +o mom version 2.5 is distributed with this release. New features + include shaded backgrounds, frames, and colored pages. Thanks to + Peter Schaffter. + +o English localization has been split into a dedicated macro file, + `en.tmac`, for better parallelism with other localization files and to + improve support for multilingual documents. Those who want a + different default input language should edit the troffrc file to + source the desired groff locale macro file (`cs.tmac`, `de.tmac`, + `den.tmac`, `fr.tmac`, `it.tmac`, `ja.tmac`, `sv.tmac`, or `zh.tmac`) + instead of `en.tmac`. + + The default hyphenation mode (as given to the `hy` request) for users + of English has changed from "1", which was inappropriate for the + TeX-based hyphenation patterns groff has used since at least 1991, to + "4". However, invoking ".hy" without an argument remains synonymous + with ".hy 1". + +o The hyphenation patterns for English have been updated using the + `hyph-en-us.tex` patterns file from the TeX hyph-utf8 project. The + new patterns likely _will_ change the automatic hyphenation break + points of your English documents. + +o The `PDFPIC` macro (provided by the `pdfpic` package) no longer aborts + upon encountering trouble. Instead, it reports an error and abandons + processing of its argument(s). It is also more sensitive to other + kinds of problems and handles them the same way, by issuing a + diagnostic and returning. If you wish `PDFPIC` to abort document + processing immediately upon error, you can append an `ab` request to + the package's error-handling macro. + + .am pdfpic@error + . ab + .. + +o The pspic package now also has an error hook macro, which you can use + to make failed image loads fatal (or attempt fallback or recovery). + + .am pspic@error-hook + . ab + .. + +o The new rfc1345 macro package, contributed by Dorai Sitaram, defines + special character identifiers implementing RFC 1345 mnemonics (plus + some additions from Vim, which itself uses RFC 1345 for its digraphs). + It is documented in the groff_rfc1345(7) man page. + +o The new sboxes macro package, contributed by Deri James, offers a + simple interface to the new gropdf(1) "background" feature. Using it, + ms documents can draw colored rectangles beneath any groff output. + See "Using PDF boxes with groff and the ms macros", installed as + `msboxes.ms` and `msboxes.pdf` for instructions and a demonstration. + +o The an (man) and doc (mdoc) macro packages no longer remap the -, ', + and ` input characters to Basic Latin code points on UTF-8 devices, + but treat them as groff normally does (and AT&T troff before it did) + for typesetting devices, where they become the hyphen, apostrophe or + right single quotation mark, and left single quotation mark, + respectively. This change is expected to expose glyph usage errors in + man pages. See the "PROBLEMS" file for a recipe that will conceal + these errors. A better long-term approach is for man pages to adopt + correct input practices; the man pages groff_man_style(7), + groff_char(7), and man-pages(7) (subsection "Generating optimal + glyphs"; from the Linux man-pages project) contain such instructions. + Doing so also improves man page typography when formatting for PDF. + + If you maintain a generator of man(7) or mdoc(7) documents (such as a + tool that converts other formats to them), and need assistance, please + contact the groff@gnu.org mailing list and describe your situation. + +o The an (man) macro package can now produce clickable hyperlinks within + terminal emulators, using the OSC 8 support added to grotty(1) (see + below). The groff man(7) extension macros `UR` and `MT`, present + since 2007, expose this feature. At present the feature is disabled + by default in `man.local` pending more widespread recognition of OSC 8 + sequences in pager programs. The package now recognizes a `U` + register to enable hyperlinks in any output driver supporting them. + + Use a command like + printf '\033]8;;man:grotty(1)\033\\grotty(1)\033]8;;\033\\\n' | more + to check your terminal and pager for OSC 8 support. If you see + "grotty(1)" and no additional garbage characters, then you may wish to + edit "man.local" to remove the lines that disable this feature. + +o The an (man) macro package supports a new macro, `MR`, intended for + use by man page cross references in preference to the font style + alternation macros historically used. Where before you would write + .BR ls (1). + or + .IR ls (1). + you should now write + .MR ls 1 . + (the third argument, typically used for trailing punctuation, is + optional). Because the macro semantically identifies a man page, it + can create a clickable hyperlink ("man:ls(1)" for the above example) + on supporting devices. Furthermore, a new string, `MF`, defines the + font to be used for setting the man page topic (the first argument to + `MR` and `TH`), permitting configuration by distributions, sites, and + users. + + Inclusion of the `MR` macro was prompted by its introduction to + Plan 9 from User Space's troff in August 2020. Its purpose is to + ameliorate several long-standing problems with man page cross + references: (1) the package's lack of inherent hyperlink support for + them; (2) false-positive identification of strings resembling man page + cross references (as can happen with "exit(1)", "while(1)", + "sleep(5)", "time(0)" and others) by terminal emulators and other + programs; (3) the unwanted intrusion of hyphens into man page topics, + which frustrates copy-and-paste operations (this problem has always + been avoidable through use of the \% escape sequence, but cross + references are frequent in man pages and some page authors are + inexpert *roff users); and (4) deep divisions in man page maintenance + communities over which typeface should be used to set the man page + topic (italics, roman, or bold). + +o Part of the an (man) macro package has been renamed from "an-old.tmac" + to "an.tmac", replacing a file that sourced the "andoc.tmac" wrapper. + This means that the "-man" argument to groff (or nroff, or troff) will + no longer load the andoc wrapper, and not successfully format mdoc(7) + man pages. If you are not sure which macro package a given man page + uses, or you wish to batch-process a series of man pages written + variously in the man and mdoc formats, be sure to call the formatter + with the "-mandoc" option explicitly, as "-man" will no longer do + this. The man-db man(1) implementation has, since 2001, used + "-mandoc" preferentially if available when man-db is configured. + +o The an (man) and doc (mdoc) macro packages support a new `AD` string + to put the default adjustment mode under user control at rendering + time. The default is "b" (adjust lines to both margins) as has been + the Unix man(7) default since 1979. + +o The an (man) and doc (mdoc) macro packages support new `CS` and `CT` + registers to control rendering of man page section headings and topics + (seen in the page header), respectively, in full capitals. These + default off (with no visible effect on pages that already fully + capitalize such text in man page sources). The rationale is to + encourage man page authors to preserve case distinction information in + (or restore it to) their topics and section headings, while giving + users (including system administrators, distributors, integrators, and + maintainers of man(1) implementations) a way to view the rendered page + elements in full capitals if desired. + +o The an (man) macro package no longer honors an `ll` request to set the + line length on nroff devices prior to processing a man page. This was + deprecated in groff 1.18 (July 2002), and all known man program and + macro package implementations either have set an LL register since + 2002 (man-db man), 2005 (Brouwer/Lucifredi man), or don't let the user + vary the line length freely (DWB troff, Solaris troff, Plan 9 troff), + don't permit its configuation via the `ll` request (mandoc), or at all + (Heirloom Doctools troff). + +o The an (man) macro package now interprets the value of the `HY` + register as a Boolean; using it to set a specific hyphenation mode is + no longer supported. The groff command-line option `-rHY=0` continues + to disable automatic hyphenation of man page text as before. + +o The an (man) macro package's `TS` macro no longer inserts vertical + space. It was not documented to do so, but had since groff 1.18 (July + 2002). Man page authors may freely use paragraphing macros around + tables if vertical space is desired. + +o The an (man) macro package no longer attempts to detect misuse of the + `R` string as a macro. The `R` string itself is a legacy feature, not + required in modern man pages; see groff_man_style(7). + +o The groff_man(7) man page documenting the groff implementation of the + an (man) macro package has been split into two pages. The original + page remains as a terser reference for experienced users. A new page, + groff_man_style(7), is a tutorial and style guide containing the same + material supplemented with explanations, examples, and advice for the + reader who is not an expert in *roff systems or in writing man pages. + +o The doc (mdoc) macro package now honors the `C`, `FT`, `HY`, `IN`, + `P`, `SN`, and `X` registers and `HF` string as the an (man) package + does. + +o The doc (mdoc) macro package now renders man page (sub)section cross + references cited with the `Sx` macro by quoting them instead of + setting them in italics. + +o The e (me) macro package has changed its default line length on + typesetting devices from 6i to the output device's default (for + example, 6.5i on the 'ps' and 'pdf' devices). You can use + "papersize.tmac" to override this length, as in "groff -d paper=a4l" + to select A4 paper in landscape orientation, without needing to alter + the document. + +o The e (me) macro package has changed its support for output line + numbering with the `n1` and `n2` macros to resolve several bugs in the + previous implementation. The `n1` macro now accepts an optional `C` + argument to set the line number at the existing page offset instead of + reducing the page offset to make the line number appear in the left + margin. A second argument to the `n2` macro is no longer supported. + A new register `no` makes configurable the amount of horizontal space + to be used for the line number (the default is unchanged). + +o The e (me) macro package now uses strings `wa` and `wc` to store the + terms the package produces in chapter headings created by the `$c` + macro. The strings, which default to "Appendix" and "Chapter", + respectively, ease localization of the package and replacement of the + terms used without requiring the `$c` macro to be redefined. + +o The e (me) macro package has a new macro, `ld`, which "re-localizes + the date"; if you modify troff registers `dw`, `mo`, and `yr` (to + record a document's date of revision, for instance), call `ld` + afterward to update the package's `y2` and `y4` registers and the + localized strings `dw` and `mo` for the names of the weekday and + month. `ld` is also used internally to simplify the use of the + package with languages other than English; it thus updates the `wa` + and `wc` strings as well. If you want to customize these strings, do + so after any `ld` call you make. + +o The e (me) macro package now has a register `sx` that eases the + configuration of space added to the line height above/below when + super/subscripting is used. It defaults to 0.2m, the value used + literally in past definitions of the super/subscripting strings. + groff's own 'me' documents redefine it to zero. + +o The e (me) macro package's `$v` and `$V` registers have been renamed + to `tv` and `dv`--they control the vertical spacing used + for text and displays/annotations, respectively. The old names are + still supported as aliases. The new names reflect the fact that users + are expected to set them if desired, unlike other registers and + strings beginning with "$". + +o The e (me) and s (ms) macro packages now offer a `PF` macro, + supporting the pic(1) preprocessor's "flyback" feature. Thanks to + Dave Kemper. + +o The m (mm) and s (ms) macro packages no longer implement the `IX` + macro. This undocumented 4.2BSD ms extension was similarly + undocumented by groff mm and ms. No documents applying it are + attested. groff mm documents its own indexing feature, `INITI`. We + otherwise suggest makeindex(1), which supports troff and is available + with most TeX distributions, for your mm/ms document indexing needs. + +o The m (mm) macro package now adapts to the paper format selected when + the macro file "papersize.tmac" is used (by specifying the groff "-d + paper" command-line option). A consequence is that "groff -mm" and + "groff -d paper=letter -mm" are _not_ synonymous (when groff is + configured to use U.S. letter as the default paper format), because + groff mm(7) uses a page offset of 0.963 inches on typesetting devices + for compatibility with DWB mm. If the `W` or `O` registers are also + set on the command line, the line length and page offset, + respectively, are not overridden by "papersize.tmac". + +o The m (mm) macro package now recognizes a `V` register to set the + vertical spacing for the document. Like the existing `S`, it must be + set from the command line. Further, both registers are interpreted + correctly if suffixed with a scaling unit, instead of requiring an + unscaled value assumed to be points. + +o The m (mm) macro package now supports AT&T/DWB mm's `Sm` string. + +o The m (mm) macro package now requires a title to be declared when + memorandum type 5 is used (".MT 5"), just as type 4 has since groff + 1.10 (November 1995). + +o The m (mm) and s (ms) macro packages no longer manipulate the set of + enabled warning categories. If you want all warnings on, use the + `warn` request with no arguments in your document or pass "-w w" to + groff (see troff(1) or the groff Texinfo manual for more on warnings). + +o The m (mm) and s (ms) macro packages' `R` macros now work analogously + to their `B` and `I` macros instead of ignoring their arguments. + +o The m (mm) package now offers a `PY` macro, which serves the function + of `PF` (end pic(1) picture with flyback) from other macro packages. + +o The "ptx.tmac" macro file, a counterpart to the GNU coreutils ptx(1) + command for generating permuted indexes, is now installed. It has + long been part of the source distribution. + +o The s (ms) macro package now enables the formatter's "no-space mode" + after ending displays (`DE`), equations (`EN`), tables (`TS`), and + pictures without flyback (`PE`). This means that display distance + spacing (the `DD` register) overrides the spacing that may follow in a + subsequent paragraph, section heading, or display instead of + accumulating with that distance. This change is to make the behavior + of the package more predictable; you can fine-tune such spacing by + setting the `DD` register in desired places. It has also helped us to + improve groff ms's rendering of historical ms(7) documents such as + Kernighan & Cherry's "Typesetting Mathematics". + +o The s (ms) macro package supports a new string, `FR`, which defines + the ratio of the footnote line length to the current line length. The + default expression is "11/12", eleven twelfths of the normal line + length, adopted for better compatibility with ms documents prepared + with AT&T ms or its descendant implementations in Heirloom Doctools + and neatroff. This is a change from previous groff releases, which + used a ratio of five sixths. + + You may wish to set the `FR` string to "1" to align with contemporary + typesetting practices. In Unix Version 7 ms, its descendants, and + groff prior to this release, an `FL` register was used for the line + length in footnotes; however, setting this register at document + initialization time had no effect on the footnote line length in + multi-column arrangements. + + `FR` should be used in preference to the old `FL` register in + contemporary documents; see the groff Texinfo manual or the "Using + groff with the ms macros" document, also part of this release. Thanks + to T. Kurt Bond. + +o The s (ms) macro package has added strings, `<` and `>`, to perform + subscripting. They work analogously to the `{` and `}` superscripting + strings that have been present in groff ms since 1991 or earlier. + +o The s (ms) macro package has added a hook macro, `FS-MARK`, which is + called automatically by the `FS` macro (with the same arguments given + to `FS`) before any other footnote processing. It is empty by default + but can be defined by the user to, for example, place a hyperlink + anchor so that a link within a footnote can return to its referential + context. "Portable Document Format Publishing with GNU Troff", + distributed with groff as `pdfmark.ms`, uses this technique. Thanks + to Keith Marshall. + +o The s (ms) macro package's `RP` macro recognizes a new optional + argument, `no-renumber`, which suppresses the renumbering of the page + after the cover page as page 1. It furthermore recognizes the + optional argument `no-repeat-info`, which has the same effect as `no`; + the latter will continue to be supported for backward compatibility. + Optional arguments to `RP` can be given in any order. + +o The s (ms) macro package supports new macros `XN` and `XH` to ease the + input of numbered and unnumbered section headings, respectively. They + internally call the `XS` and `XE` macros to produce table of contents + entries, and lay a foundation for inclusion of PDF bookmarks, all + without requiring retyping of the heading text as the package + previously encouraged. Thanks to Keith Marshall. + +o The s (ms) macro package now uses a default line length of 6.5 inches + by default, resulting in 1-inch left and right margins. When the + "papersize.tmac" package is used by employing the "-d paper" groff(1) + option on typesetting devices, the default page offset and line length + are adjusted to maintain these margins. + +o The "a4.tmac" file has been dropped from the distribution. Its + successor, "papersize.tmac", has been present and documented for + nearly 20 years. See subsection "Paper format" of groff(1). + +o The "safer.tmac" file has been dropped from the distribution. It was + present only to support man(1) programs that unconditionally passed + the formatter the "-msafer" option, and had contained only comments + for over 20 years. If your man(1) program has this requirement, you + can create an empty file of this name in groff's macro file search + path (see troff(1)) or consider migrating to man-db man(1). + +Output drivers +-------------- + +o On output devices using the Latin-1 character encoding ("groff -T + latin1" and the X11 devices) the special character escape sequence + \[oq] (opening quote) is now rendered as code point 0x27 (apostrophe) + instead of 0x60 (grave accent). The ISO 8859/ECMA-94 Latin character + sets do not define any glyphs for directional ("typographer's") + quotation marks, but the apostrophe is depicted in the defining + standard as a neutral (vertical) glyph, whereas the grave accent 0x60 + and acute accent 0xB4 are mirror-symmetric diacritical marks. + + This change has no effect on _input_ conventions for roff source + documents. You can still get directional single quotes on UTF-8, + PostScript, PDF, and other output devices supporting them by typing + sequences like `this' in the input (character remapping with 'char' + requests and similar notwithstanding). + +gropdf +------ + +o A new device control command, "background", enables boxes to be drawn + underneath other page content. The boxes can be shaded with colors, + drawn with a colored border of configurable thickness, and interrupted + by page breaks with special support for breaking before footnotes and + similar material. For convenience, "pdf.tmac" exposes a new macro, + `pdfbackground`. Thanks to Deri James. + +grotty +------ + +o The "utf8" output device now maps the input characters '^' (caret, + circumflex accent, or "hat") and '~' (tilde) to U+02C6 (modifier + letter circumflex accent) and U+02DC (small tilde), respectively, for + consistency with groff's other output devices. This change is + expected to expose glyph usage errors in man pages. See the + "PROBLEMS" file for a recipe that will conceal these errors. A better + long-term approach is for man pages to adopt correct input practices; + the man pages groff_man_style(7), groff_char(7), and man-pages(7) + (subsection "Generating optimal glyphs"; from the Linux man-pages + project) contain such instructions. Doing so also improves man page + typography when formatting for PDF. + + If you maintain a generator of man(7) or mdoc(7) documents (such as a + tool that converts other formats to them), and need assistance, please + contact the groff@gnu.org mailing list and describe your situation. + +o A new device control command, "link", generates OSC 8 hyperlinks. + This means that groff documents can produce clickable links in the + terminal window for emulators that support such escape sequences. + +o The "sgr" device control command, which dynamically configured support + for ISO 6429/ECMA-48 SGR escape sequences (and restored traditional + overstriking behavior if disabled), has been removed. It took effect + only at page boundaries. grotty's "-c" command-line option and the + GROFF_NO_SGR environment variable remain supported. + +Documentation +------------- + +o groff's Texinfo manual is included in the distribution archive in + several formats, including GNU Info, HTML, TeX DVI, PDF, and plain + text. Many sections have been extensively revised and corrected, and + much material added to help the learner acquire the groff formatting + language (see, for instance, the section/node "Text"). + +o A compilation of all of groff's man pages in PDF and UTF-8-encoded + text (with SGR escape sequences) is produced by the build. Many of + the documents in this 380+-page document have been heavily revised or + rewritten, including tbl(1), groff(1), groff_diff(7), groff_font(5), + groff(7), groff_char(7), and roff(7). The PDF version uses pdfmark + extensions to produce an internal bookmark for every man page + document, section heading, and subsection heading. + +o Larry Kollar's "Using groff with the ms Macro Package" has been + resurrected after 20+ years, revised, and updated. + +o Eric Allman's "me Reference Manual" has been revised in detail. + +Miscellaneous +------------- + +o Because all generated forms of groff's Texinfo manual are now included + in the distribution archive, building from that archive no longer + depends on GNU Texinfo or a TeX installation (the latter was required + only for the "doc" target, which had to be explicitly named). + +o Building groff from its distribution archive no longer requires byacc + (or GNU Bison) to be installed. + +o m4 is now required to build. Any m4 that implements the features + documented in the Version 7 Unix m4(1) man page, and the `-D` option, + should suffice. + +o New 'configure' options '--{en,dis}able-groff-allocator' control + whether groff uses its own malloc/free-wrapping allocator to implement + all C++ new/delete operations. groff has used this allocator for over + 30 years; C++ implementations are more mature now. The default is now + to rely on C++ language runtime support for new/delete. When building + groff, use + configure --enable-groff-allocator + to re-enable groff's traditional allocator. + +o The 'configure' option '--with-appresdir' has been renamed to + '--with-appdefdir'. + +o Italian language input documents are now supported, including + hyphenation patterns from the hyph-utf8 project and localized strings + for the ms, me, mm, and mom packages. Thanks to Edmond Orignac. + +o Manual section titles for man pages (those that appear by default in + the page header, like "General Commands Manual") are now localized for + Czech, German, French, Italian, and Swedish. + +o The semantics of the environment variable SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH to groff, + support for which was added in 1.22.4, were not established at that + time with respect to time zone selection, prompting divergent + interpretations; Debian and distributions derived from it have for + several years patched groff to implicitly use UTC as the time zone + when interpreting the current time (or SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH) as a local + time. While a convenient and defensible choice for reproducible build + efforts, it runs against the grain of user expectations. Systems + programmers like time zone-invariant, monotonically increasing clocks; + the broader user base usually prefers a clock that follows an + applicable civil calendar. groff programs now reckon + SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH with respect to the local time zone. Users of + SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH may wish to also set the TZ environment variable. + +o xtotroff now supports a "-d" option to specify the directory in which + to generate font description files. + +o The 'configure' option '--with-doc' that was introduced in version + 1.22.3 has been deleted again. Its basic idea was misguided because + each of the documents is only available in a subset of the output + formats, so in contrast to the documentation, the option not only + affected which output formats were generated, but also restricted the + documentation content the user would get in erratic and surprising + ways. The option was also ill-designed insofar as the "examples" + keyword did not represent an output format. Some example files were + controlled by the "examples" keyword alone, some by the respective + format keywords alone, and some by a combination of both. The + implementation of the option was full of bugs, but few, if any, of + these bugs were ever reported by users, giving the impression that + few, if any, users ever attempted to use the option, and those who did + likely remained unaware that doing so deprived them of parts of the + content of the documentation. Experience has demonstrated that + properly maintaining and testing the option exceeds the amount of + effort the GNU troff team is able to invest. Finally, GNU standards + contain no recommendation to support this option, and indeed, few, if + any, GNU packages apart from groff support it. + +o The 'doc' Make target has been eliminated. 'all' (the default Make + target) assumes responsibility for generating the groff Texinfo manual + in all formats supported by the build host. This change is only + significant when building from a Git checkout or if our Texinfo + manual's sources are modified; the distribution archive now provides + copies of the manual in Info, plain text, HTML, DVI, and PDF. + +o afmtodit no longer writes file names with directory information in + them to the "name" directives of the font descriptions it generates. + (The `fp` request no longer accepts such names; see "troff" above.) + +o afmtodit now exits with status 2 (not 1) upon usage errors. + +o afmtodit now recognizes a '-w' option to specify the generated font + description's "spacewidth" parameter (see groff_font(5)). The + internal library "libgroff" now emits a diagnostic if a font + description file is missing such a directive. Adding this option + enables a well-formed font description to be produced by the tool + (without requiring editing by hand). + +o pfbtops now exits with status 2 upon usage errors and the standard C + library's `EXIT_FAILURE` status (usually 1) on operational failures + instead of vice versa. + +o groffer has been deleted from the distribution. + +o grog no longer supports the "--warnings" option; the one diagnostic + message that it enabled has been removed. + +o The ditroff(7) man page has been deleted. The "History" section of + roff(7) covers the same subject in greater depth. + +o The groff_filenames(5) man page has been deleted. It had inaccuracies + and spurious content. The "File name conventions" section of roff(7) + covers the same subject. + +o The lj4_font(5) man page has been deleted. Its content has moved into + the "Fonts" subsection of grolj4(1). + + +VERSION 1.22.4 +============== + +Troff +----- + +o The `hy' request has been extended. Value 16 enables hyphenation + before the last character, and value 32 enables hyphenation after the + first character. + +PDFPIC +------ + +o PDFPIC has been corrected so the behaviour is the same whether you use + the PostScript or PDF drivers. However, this means that any documents + which were written using the old behaviour will not be rendered + correctly if using the PDF driver with the new version. + + The change would mean that documents which relied on the previous + behaviour are likely to have a gap underneath the image which was not + there before. If you see this effect there are three ways you can + restore the previous behaviour: + + Add the line ".nr PDFPIC_NOSPACE 1" to the document before the first + call to .PDFPIC. + + If it is just a single document which exhibits this behaviour you can + run groff adding "-rPDFPIC_NOSPACE=1" to the command line. + + If you have many documents which rely on the previous behaviour you + can set an environment variable "export GROFF_PDFPIC_NOSPACE=1" which + will restore the previous behaviour for all runs. + + This change has no effect if you were using .PDFPIC with the + PostScript driver--only if you used it with the PDF driver. + +Gropdf +------ + +o Type 1 font loading is fixed to handle newer Ghostscript versions. + +o Handling of glyphs above position 255 is improved to allow many more + glyphs to be used. + +o New macros .pdftransition and .pdfpause are introduced to allow + creation of presentation slides. Partially backward-compatible with + present.tmac, specifically the PAUSE, BLOCKS and BLOCKE commands. + Supports all the transition types introduced in PDF v1.5 (see the + gropdf man page). + +Miscellaneous +------------- + +o A new 'configure' option --with-compatibility-wrappers controls how + groff compatibility wrappers for vendor-provided non-GNU macro sets + are installed (see ./configure --help). + +o eqn2graph, grap2graph, and pic2graph now attempt to adapt to very old + installed versions of the ImageMagick and GraphicsMagick programs + "convert". They search the output of convert's "-help" option, and + use "-trim" if that string is found; otherwise, the old "-crop 0x0" + method (which produces incompatible results on versions that _do_ + support "-trim") is used. The programs emit a warning to standard + error if the search fails and the old method is used. + +o eqn2graph no longer supports the "-unsafe" option. It did nothing. + +o groffer now supports the output of XHTML. Use the "--xhtml" or + "--mode=xhtml" command-line options to generate it. + +o Much work has been done, and is ongoing, to make groff's man pages + better examples for man page writers to follow. groff_man(7) itself + has been expanded and largely rewritten to more precisely document the + macro package's behavior and to be more helpful and accessible to man + page writers who may never read any other groff documentation. + + +VERSION 1.22.3 +============== + +Gxditview +--------- + +o X11 resources for `gxditview', which were previously installed in + /usr/X11/lib/X11/app-defaults no matter which `prefix' was set, are + now installed in appresdir=$prefix/lib/X11/app-defaults. If + `appresdir' is not a standard X11 resource directory, the environment + variable XFILESEARCHPATH should be set to this path. The standard + default directories depends on the system `libXt'. Common directories + include: + + /usr/lib/X11/app-defaults + /usr/share/X11/app-defaults + /etc/X11/app-defaults + + Note that if the option `--with-appresdir' is passed to `configure', + the `prefix' will not be added to `appresdir'. + +Glilypond +--------- + +o This new preprocessor (contributed by Bernd Warken) allows embedding + of code for GNU LilyPond (http://www.lilypond.org), a music + typesetter. The data gets automatically processed and embedded as EPS + images. + +Gperl +----- + +o Bernd Warken contributed a new preprocessor to handle Perl code that + can be evaluated and then processed by groff. + +Gpinyin +------- + +o Another preprocessor from Bernd Warken to pretty-print Pinyin + syllables like `guo2wang2' as `guówáng'. + +Pdfroff +------- + +o The pdfroff utility script now activates its `--no-toc-relocation' + option by default, unless a request similar to: + + .if !\n[PHASE] .tm pdfroff-option:set toc_relocation=enabled + + is invoked during input file processing; (`.if !\n[PHASE] ...' ensures + that the effect of the `.tm' request is restricted to the document + setup phase of processing, as pdfroff sets it to 1 or 2 in the output + phase, but leaves it unset in the setup phase). + + The bundled `spdf.tmac' macro package, which implicitly activates + `-mpdfmark' for `ms' macro users, ensures that TOC relocation is + appropriately enabled, when the `.TC' macro is invoked. + +Macro Packages +-------------- + +o New default values for hyphenation. The previous values were too + strict, suppressing some hyphenation points unnecessarily. + +o The -mom macro package now has full support for eqn, pic, and tbl, as + well as captioning and labelling of PDF images and preprocessor + output. Lists of Figures, Equations, and Tables can now be + autogenerated. PDF_IMAGE has a new FRAME option. + +o A French introduction to the -me macro package has been added (file + `meintro_fr.me'). + +o In -mdoc, command %C is now available, providing a city or place + reference. + + +VERSION 1.22.2 +============== + +Tbl +--- + +o The character `#' can now be used as an eqn delimiter within tables. + +Eqn +--- + +o A GNU extension + + delim on + + has been added to reactivate delimiters which have been disabled with + `delim off'. + + +VERSION 1.22.1 +============== + +(There was no release 1.22.) + +Groff +----- + +o A new option `-j' has been added to call the `chem' preprocessor. + +Tbl +--- + +o Improved line numbering support. + +Macro Packages +-------------- + +o Support for the `refer' preprocessor has been added to the -mm macro + package. + +o In -me, the `TH' macro was changed for compatibility with line number + support in tables. + + `bl' now works inside of blocks. + + The behaviour of centered blocks has been improved. + + Line numbering support has been improved. + +o The -mom macro package has reached version 2.0, focusing on PDF output + with gropdf (using the new `pdfmom' wrapper script). See the file + `version-2.html' of the -mom documentation for a list of the many + changes. + +o Some generic Unicode fallback characters (mainly Roman numerals) have + been added. + +Gropdf +------ + +o A new driver for generating PDF output directly, contributed by Deri + James <deri@chuzzlewit.myzen.co.uk>. Note that this driver is written + in Perl, thus you need a working Perl installation to run this output + device. + +Pdfmom +------ + +o A new wrapper around groff that facilitates the production of PDF + documents from files formatted with the -mom macros. + + +VERSION 1.21 +============ + +Troff +----- + +o The new `lsm' request specifies a macro to be invoked when leading + spaces in an input line are encountered (which are removed then). + Number registers `lsn' and `lss' hold the number of removed leading + spaces and the corresponding horizontal space, respectively. + +o There is a new warning category `file', enabled by default. The `mso' + request emits warnings in this category when the requested macro file + does not exist. + +o The new `class' request assigns a short name to a set of characters + which can be referred to in the `cflags' request. This is especially + useful to control line-breaking and hyphenation rules in CJK + languages. + +o Three new values for the `cflags' request have been added, which are + needed for proper CJK support. + + 128 prohibit before but allow break after character + 256 prohibit after but allow break before character + 512 allow break before and after character + +Tbl +--- + +o A new global option `nowarn' suppresses warnings if tables are longer + than the current line width. + +Afmtodit +-------- + +o New option `-o' to specify the name of the output file. + +Macro Packages +-------------- + +o A new macro `%U' has been added to the mdoc package to indicate a URL + reference within an .Rs/.Re environment. + +o Rudimentary support for the Japanese script has been added, most + suitable for man page handling as output by grotty. The file + `ja.tmac' contains the necessary setup to allow line breaks before and + after CJK characters (with proper exceptions). Note, however, that no + inter-character spacing is implemented yet -- this usually causes many + warnings about bad line breaks. + + +VERSION 1.20.1 +============== + +A packaging error made it necessary to publish this release. No +user-visible changes. + + +VERSION 1.20 +============ + +Groff +----- + +o XHTML support has been added to grohtml and can be specified by + -Txhtml. This option also utilizes the MathML capability of eqn and + combines the outputs of both in the final XHTML file. Users can also + specify the `-P-V' option together with `-Txhtml' in groff. This has + the effect of creating an XHTML validator button at the bottom of each + page. + +o Some options have been added to control a new preprocessor, + `preconv' (see below): `-k' activates it, `-K' sets the input + encoding, and `-D' sets the default encoding. + +o A new environment variable `GROFF_ENCODING' sets the encoding of input + files; it implies command option `-k'. + +Troff +----- + +o Two new requests `device' and `devicem' have been added which are + equivalents to the \X and \Y escapes, respectively. + +o A new read-only number register `.br' is available which is set to 1 + if a macro is called as .foo and to 0 if called as 'foo. This allows + to reliably modify requests. + + .als bp@orig bp + .de bp + . tm before bp + . ie \\n[.br] .bp@orig + . el 'bp@orig + . tm after bp + .. + +o A new request `fzoom' has been added to adjust the optical size of a + font in relation to the others. The zoom factor is given in integer + multiples of 1/1000th. In the following example, the CR font is + magnified by 10% (the zoom factor is 1.1). + + .fam P + .fzoom CR 1100 + .ps 12 + Palatino and \f[CR]Courier\f[] + + The new number register `.zoom' holds the zoom value of the current + font, in multiples of 1/1000th. + +o The `cflags' request has been extended with a new flag value 64, to be + used in combination with values 2 (break before character) and 4 + (break after character). If set, the hyphenation codes of the + surrounding characters are ignored. + +o A new debugging request, `pev', has been added to print all of the + current known environments to stderr. It first prints the state of + the current environment, then iterates through all of the known + environments, printing each except the one that is current. + +o A new escape `\$^' has been added. It represents the parameters of a + macro as if they were an argument to the `ds' request. This is used + by `trace.tmac'. + +o A new read-only number register `.O' is available which returns the + current suppression level as set by the `\O' escape. + +o The space width emitted by the `\|' and `\^' escape sequences can be + controlled on a per-font basis. If there is a glyph named `\|' or + `\^', respectively (note the leading backslash), defined in the + current font file, use this glyph's width instead of the default + value. + + This behaviour is not new, but hasn't been documented before. + +Nroff +----- + +o Two new command line options `-w' and `-W' are accepted and passed to + groff to enable and disable warning messages, respectively. + +Preconv +------- + +o This is a new preprocessor to convert various input encodings to + something groff understands (this is, ASCII and \[uXXXX] entities, + with `XXXX' a hexadecimal number with 4 to 6 digits, representing a + Unicode input code). Normally, preconv should be invoked with options + `-k' and `-K' of groff. See the preconv man page for details. + +Pic +--- + +o int(x) now really behaves as documented: It truncates the non-integer + part of x, this is, it rounds towards zero and not towards the next + integer less than or equal to x. + +o Pic now supports up to 32 macro arguments (and up to 16 on EBCDIC + platforms). + +o Heinz-Jürgen Örtel contributed code for two new keywords, `xslanted' + and `yslanted', which can change the shape of boxes into arbitrary + parallelograms. + +Tbl +--- + +o Latest versions of DWB tbl introduced an `x' column specifier for a + single column expanded to the line width. GNU tbl has now been + extended to support even multiple `x' specifiers within a table. + +o To avoid collision with the new `x' specifier, a block formatting + macro must now be selected with specifier letter `m'. + +Eqn +--- + +o Eric S. Raymond has added a new device type to eqn, MathML. When + -TMathML is enabled, eqn now emits MathML formula markup rather than + groff commands. The new groff -Txhtml device uses this. + +Chem +---- + +o The preprocessor `chem' was added. `chem' is a roff language to + generate chemical structure diagrams. It generates `pic' output. + +Grops +----- + +o The PS font definition files have been regenerated with newer AFM + versions from Adobe's 35 core fonts as present in most Level 2 PS + printers. The changes are minor (most notably, the addition of the + `Euro' glyph and an extended set of kerning values). + + For backwards compatibility, the old set of font definition files is + still available; for details please read the man page of grops. + +Grotty +------ + +o \D'p...' is now supported if the polygon consists entirely of + horizontal and vertical lines. + +Grohtml +------- + +o XHTML support has been added. + +o New command line option `-V' (to be used in XHTML mode) to produce an + XHTML validator button. + +o New command line option `-y' to produce a right-justified groff + signature at the end of the document (in combination with option + `-V'). + +Gxditview +--------- + +o Support for keyboard navigation has been improved. + +o Similar to other X11 applications, there are now two resource files, + `GXditview' and `GXditview-color'. + +Groffer +------- + +o `groffer' version 1.* exists now in a shell and a Perl version. + +Afmtodit +-------- + +o New option `-c' to output more font information as comments. + +o New option `-k' to suppress output of kerning data. + +o New option `-f NAME' to set the internal name of the groff font. + +Macro Packages +-------------- + +o Joachim Walsdorff contributed the `hdtbl' package for the generation + of tables, using a syntax very similar to the HTML table model. For + example, a table with two cells and two rows looks like this: + + .TBL cols=2 + . TR .TD 1*1 .TD 1*2 + . TR .TD 2*1 .TD 2*2 + .ETB + + Here the same table using a more expanded syntax: + + .TBL cols=2 + . TR + . TD 1*1 + . TD 1*2 + . TR + . TD 2*1 + . TD 2*2 + .ETB + + Tables can be nested; `hdtbl' works without a preprocessor so that the + full capability of groff's macro engine is available. + + This package currently works with `-Tps' only. + +o -mandoc now supports multiple man pages (in either man or mdoc + format). + +o Fabrice Ménard contributed locales support. In particular, it is now + possible to get French localization of the main macro packages (-ms, + -mm, -me, and -mom, but not -man and -mdoc which are localized + differently) by appending `-mfr' to the list of macro packages. + Example: + + groff -ms -mfr foo > foo.ps + + Note that latin-9 input encoding is used for French (to support the + `oe' ligature). + +o Swedish macro localization (with `-msv') has been added. + +o German macro localization (with `-mde' and `-mden' for traditional and + new orthography, respectively) has been added. + +o Czech macro localization (with `-mcs') has been added. + + Note that latin-2 input encoding is used for Czech. + +o A new macro `Dx' has been added to the mdoc package which identifies + the DragonFly OS. + +o If mdoc is used to print multiple man pages (together with the -rcR=0 + command line option), each man page now starts a new page. + +o -mtrace has been considerably improved, now showing number and string + register assignments, among other things. See the groff_trace man + page for details. + +o The PSPIC macro now works with all devices (producing a hollow + rectangle on devices which don't support inclusion of PS images) and + is loaded in troffrc at start-up. + +o A new auxiliary macro package `62bit' has been added which provides + some macros for adding, multiplying, and dividing signed 62bit + integers (mainly to handle normal groff number operations without + risking overflow errors). + +o For -ms, Eric S. Raymond contributed support for ancient Bell Labs + localisms `.SC', `.UC', `.P1', and `.P2'. The latter three are + enabled only after .SC is called. + +o A new string, `SN-STYLE', has been added to the ms macros, controlling + the formatting of section numbers in headings defined by `.NH'. + +o The new macro package `ptx' provides a template definition for the + `.xx' macro as needed by GNU ptx (for creating permuted indices). + + +VERSION 1.19.2 +============== + +Troff +----- + +o Analogously to the .ft and \f pair, two new requests `gcolor' and + `fcolor' (which pair with \m and \M, respectively) have been added to + set the glyph and background colours. + +o A new read-only, string-valued register `.sty' returns the name of the + current style. + +o Two new conditional operators `F <name>' and `S <name>' have been + added. `F' is true if a font <name> exists. `S' is true if a style + <name> has been registered. + +o Cyrillic characters have been added to the `utf8' and `html' output + devices. + +Pic +--- + +o The `by' argument in a `for' loop can now be negative if it is + additive. For the multiplicative case, it must be greater than zero. + +Eqn +--- + +o The following keywords aren't new but haven't been documented + previously: + + undef NAME (to undefine a macro) + copy "FILE" (a synonym for `include') + space n (to modify the vertical spacing before and after + an equation) + +o The following macros aren't new but haven't been documented + previously: + + Alpha, ..., Omega (the same as `ALPHA', ..., `OMEGA') + ldots (three dots on the baseline) + dollar (a dollar glyph) + +o The following keywords have been extended. Again, this isn't new but + hasn't been documented previously: + + col n { ... } + lcol n { ... } + rcol n { ... } + ccol n { ... } + pile n { ... } + lpile n { ... } + rpile n { ... } + cpile n { ... } (set vertical spacing between rows to N) + +Grohtml +------- + +o This device driver has been raised to beta stage; its set of tags + should be stable now. + +o New command line option `-s' to set the base point size. + +o New command line option `-S' to set the split level while generating + multiple files. + +Grotty +------ + +o Experimental support for zero-width and double-width characters. + +Gxditview +--------- + +o On platforms which have the X Window System this program is now built + and installed automatically. + +Xtotroff +-------- + +o This program to create font definition files for xditview isn't new + but hasn't been installed previously. + +Groffer +------- + +o A security problem (reported as CAN-2004-0969) has been fixed. + +Gdiffmk +------- + +o A new script contributed by Mike Bianchi. It compares two groff, + nroff, or troff documents and creates an output with added margin + characters (using `.mc') to indicate the differences. + +Pdfroff +------- + +o A new wrapper script contributed by Keith Marshall to easily create + PDF documents with groff. + +Macro packages +-------------- + +o ms.tmac + + . Support for fractional point sizes: A value for the `PS', `VS', + `FPS', and `VPS' register larger than or equal to 1000 is always + divided by 1000. For example, `.nr PS 10250' sets the document's + font size to 10.25 points. + + . The `Ds' and `De' macros provided in ms since groff version 1.19 + have been removed; the equivalent `DS' and `DE' macros should be + used instead. X11 documents which actually use `Ds' and `De' always + load a specific macro file from the X11 distribution (`macros.t') + which provides proper definitions for the two macros. + + . The following registers have been added for improving layout + control: + + PORPHANS + Defines number of lines following `LP', `PP', `QP', `IP' or `XP' + which must be kept together, before any automatic page break. + + HORPHANS + Sets number of lines of following paragraph which must be kept + with a heading, defined by `NH' or `SH', before any automatic page + break. + + GROWPS + Sets the first level of heading (set with `NH') which keeps the + same point size as body text. + + PSINCR + Sets the point size increment for each level of heading (set with + `NH'), below the threshold level set by `GROWPS'; e.g., if + \n[PS] = 10, \n[GROWPS] = 3 and \n[PSINCR] = 2.0p, then `.NH 1' + produces 14pt headings, `.NH 2' produces 12pt, and all other + levels remain at 10pt (because \n[PS] = 10). + + . The `SH' macro now accepts a numeric argument, to make heading size + match that of `NH' with same argument value when the + `GROWPS'/`PSINCR' feature is enabled. + + Please refer to the documentation of the ms package for other, minor + improvements. + +o me.tmac + + The section type set with the `++' request is available in the `_M' + register. This isn't new but hasn't been documented before. + +o www.tmac + + The `HR' macro no longer causes an empty line for non-HTML devices. + + A new macro `HEAD' has been added to directly add data to the + <head>...</head> block. + + New macros `OLS' and `OLE' to start and end an ordered list. + + New macros `DLS' and `DLE' to start and end a definition list. + +Pdfmark +------- + +o A new macro package contributed by Keith Marshall which implements PDF + marks. This is in alpha stage currently. + +Miscellaneous +------------- + +o Two new keywords to the DESC file have been added which are needed for + grohtml: `image_generator' and `unscaled_charwidths'. The former + gives the name of the program which creates PNG images, and the latter + makes troff always use unscaled character widths. + + +VERSION 1.19.1 +============== + +Groff +----- + +o The argument of the command line option `-I' is now also passed to + troff and grops, specifying a directory to search for files on the + command line, files named in `so' and `psbb' requests, and files named + in \X'ps: file' and \X'ps: import' escapes. + +o If option `-V' is used more than once, the commands are both printed + on standard error and run. + +Troff +----- + +o Two new read-only, string-valued registers `.m' and `.M' return the + name of the current drawing and background color, respectively. + +o New read-only register `.U' which is set to 1 if in unsafe mode, and 0 + otherwise. + +o An input encoding file for latin-5 (a.k.a. ISO 8859-9) has been added. + Example use: + + groff -Tdvi -mlatin5 my_file > my_file.dvi + + Note that some output devices don't support all glyphs of this + encoding. + +o If the `return' request is called with an argument, it exits twice, + namely the current macro and the macro one level higher. This is used + to define a wrapper macro for `return' in trace.tmac. + +o For completeness, two new requests have been added: `dei1' and `ami1'. + They are equivalent to `dei' and `ami', respectively, but the macros + are executed with compatibility mode off (similar to `de1' and `am1'). + +o New command line option `-I' to specify a directory for files (both + those on the command line and those named in `psbb' requests). This + is also handled by the groff wrapper program. + +o Since version 1.19 you can say `.vs 0'. Older versions emit a warning + and convert this to `.vs \n[.V]'. + + This hasn't been documented properly. Note that `.vs 0' isn't saved + in a diversion since it doesn't result in vertical motion. + +Pic +--- + +o Dashed and dotted ellipses have been implemented. + +Tbl +--- + +o New specifier `x' to make tbl call a user-defined macro on a table + cell. Patch by Heinz-Jürgen Oertel <hj.oertel@surfeu.de>. + +Grap2graph +---------- + +o A new script contributed by Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>. It + converts a grap diagram into a cropped image. Since it uses gs and + the PNM library, virtually all graphics formats are available for + output. [Note that the grap program itself isn't part of the groff + package; see the file MORE.STUFF how to obtain grap.] + +Grohtml +------- + +o New option `-j' to emit output split into multiple files. + +Grops +----- + +o New command line option `-I' to specify a directory to search for + files on the command line and files named in \X'ps: import' and \X'ps: + file' escapes. This is also handled by the groff wrapper program. + +o The default value for the `broken' keyword in the DESC file is now 0. + +Grolj4 +------ + +o A new man page `lj4_font(5)' documents how fonts are accessed with + grolj4. + +o The built-in fonts for LJ4 and newer PCL 5 devices have been + completely revised, mainly to access as much glyphs as possible. The + provided metric files should be compatible with recent PCL 5 printers + also. Additionally, font description files have been added for the + Arial and Times New Roman family, the MS symbol, and Wingdings fonts. + +Afmtodit +-------- + +o New option `-x' to prevent use of built-in Adobe Glyph List. + +Hpftodit +-------- + +o Completely revised to handle HP TrueType metric files also. See the + hpftodit manual page for more details. + +Groffer +------- + +o This version is a rewrite of groffer in many parts, but it is kept in + the old single script style. + + New options: --text, --mode text, --tty-viewer, --X, --mode X, + --X-viewer, --html, --mode html, --html-view, --apropos-data, + --apropos-devel, --apropos-progs. + + New documentation file: README_SH. + + Enhancement of the configuration files and the `apropos' handling. + +Macro Packages +-------------- + +o www.tmac: New macro `JOBNAME' to split output into multiple files. + +o In mdoc, multiple calls to `.Lb' are now supported in the LIBRARY + section. + + +VERSION 1.19 +============ + +Troff +----- + +o Input encoding files for latin-9 (a.k.a. latin-0 and ISO 8859-15) and + latin-2 (ISO 8859-2) have been added. Example use: + + groff -Tdvi -mlatin9 my_file > my_file.dvi + + You still need proper fonts with the necessary glyphs. Out of the + box, the groff package supports latin-9 only for -Tps, -Tdvi, and + -Tutf8, and latin-2 only for -Tdvi and -Tutf8. + +o Composite glyphs are now supported. To do this, a subset of the Adobe + Glyph List (AGL) Algorithm as described in + + http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/opentype/index_glyph.html + + is used to construct glyph names based on Unicode character codes. + The existing groff glyph names are frozen; no glyph names which can't + be constructed algorithmically will be added in the future. + + The \[...] escape sequence has been extended to specify multiple glyph + components. Example: + + \[A ho] + + this accesses a glyph with the name `u0041_0328'. + + Some groff glyphs which are useful as composites map to `wrong' + Unicode code points. For example, `ho' maps to U+02DB which is a + spacing ogonek, whereas a non-spacing ogonek U+0328 is needed for + composite glyphs. The new request + + .composite from to + + changes the mapping while a composite glyph name is constructed. + To make \[A ho] yield the expected result, + + .composite ho u0328 + + is needed. [The new file `composite.tmac' loaded at start-up already + contains proper calls to `.composite'.] + + Please refer to the info pages of groff and to the groff_char man page + for more details. + +o A new request `fschar' has been added to define font-specific fallback + characters. They are searched after the list of fonts declared with + the `fspecial' request but before the list of fonts declared with + `special'. + +o Fallback characters defined with `fschar' can be removed with the + new `rfschar' request. + +o A new request `schar' has been added to define global fallback + characters. They are searched after the list of fonts declared with + the `special' request but before the already mounted special fonts. + +o In groff versions 1.18 and 1.18.1, \D'f ...' didn't move the current + point horizontally. Despite of being silly, this change has been + reverted for backwards compatibility. Consequently, the intermediate + output command `Df' also moves the position horizontally again. + + \D'f ...' is deprecated since it depends on the horizontal motion + quantum of the output device (given with the `hor' parameter in the + DESC file). Use the new \D'Fg ...' escape instead. + +o For orthogonality, new \D subcommands to change the fill color are + available: + + \D'Fr ...' (rgb) + \D'Fc ...' (cmy) + \D'Fg ...' (gray) + \D'Fk ...' (cmyk) + \D'Fd' (default color) + + The arguments are the same as with the `defcolor' request. The + current position is *not* changed. + +o The values set with \H and \S are now available in number registers + \n[.height] and \n[.slant], respectively. + +o The `.pe' number register isn't new but hasn't been documented before. + It is set to 1 during a page ejection caused by the `bp' request. + +o The new glyph symbol `tno' is a textual variant of `no'. + +o The new glyph symbol `+e' represents U+03F5, GREEK LUNATE EPSILON + SYMBOL. (Well, it is not really new since it has been previously + supported by grolj4.) The mapping for both the dvi and lj4 symbol + font has been changed accordingly so that Greek small letter epsilon, + `*e', has the same glyph shape as with other devices. + +Grops +----- + +o The font `freeeuro.pfa' has been added to provide various default + glyph shapes for `eu' and `Eu'. + +o It is now possible to access all glyphs in a Type 1 font, not only 256 + (provided the font file created by afmtodit has proper entries). + grops constructs additional encoding vectors on the fly if necessary. + +o The paper size is now emitted via the %%DocumentMedia and PageSize + mechanisms so that it is no longer required to tell `gv' or `ps2pdf' + about the paper size. The `broken' flag value 16 omits this feature + (the used PostScript command `setpagedevice' is a LanguageLevel 2 + extension) -- if you intend to further process grops output to get an + encapsulated PS (EPS) file you must also use this option. + + Patch by Egil Kvaleberg <egil@kvaleberg.no>. + +o Non-slanted PostScript metrics have been changed again; they no longer + contain negative left italic correction values. This assures correct + spacing with eqn. + +Grodvi +------ + +o The font cmtex10 has been added as the special font `SC' to the DVI + fonts. It is used as a font-specific special font for CW and CWI. + +o New options -l and -p to set landscape orientation and the paper size. + grodvi now emits a `papersize' special which is understood by DVI + drivers like dvips. + + Consequently, the DESC file should contain a `papersize' keyword. + +o The glyph shapes for \[*f] and \[*e] have been exchanged with \[+f] + and \[+e], respectively, to be in sync with all other devices. + +o Glyphs \[HE] and \[DI] have been replaced with \[u2662] and \[u2661], + respectively, since the former two glyphs have a black (filled) shape + which grodvi doesn't provide by default (it never has actually). + +Grolj4 +------ + +o The glyphs \[*e] and \[+e] have been exchanged to be in sync with all + other devices. + +o The glyph \[~=] is now called \[|=]. Similar to other devices, \[~=] + is now another name for glyph \[~~]. + +Grotty +------ + +o New option `-r'. It is similar to the -i option except it tells + grotty to use the `reverse video' attribute to render italic fonts. + +Pic +--- + +o New command `figname' to set the name of a picture's output box in TeX + mode. + +Refer +----- + +o The environment variable `REFER' to override the name of the default + database isn't new but hasn't been documented before. + +Soelim +------ + +o New option `-r' to avoid emission of `.lf' lines. + +o New option `-t' to emit TeX comment lines (giving current file and the + line number) instead of `.lf' lines. + +Afmtodit +-------- + +o Unencoded glyphs in an AFM file are output also (since grops can now + emit multiple encoding vectors for a single font). + +o New option `-m' to prevent negative left italic correction values. + +o The mapping and encoding file together with file `DESC' are now + searched in the default font directory also. Please refer to the man + page of afmtodit for more details. + +Macro Packages +-------------- + +o Larry Kollar <kollar@alltel.net> and others made the man macros more + customizable. + + . New command line options -rFT, -rIN, and -rSN to set the vertical + location of the footer line, the body text indentation, and the + sub-subheading indentation. + + . New command line option -rHY (similar to the ms macros) to control + hyphenation. + + . New macros `.PT' and `.BT' to print the header and footer strings. + They can be replaced with a customized version in `man.local'. + + . The string `HF' now holds the typeface to print headings and + subheadings. + + . Similar to the ms macros, the LT register now defaults to LL if not + explicitly specified on the command line. + +o troff's start-up file `troffrc' now includes `papersize.tmac' to set + the paper size with the command line option `-dpaper=<size>'. + + Possible values for `<size>' are the same as the predefined + `papersize' values in the DESC file (only lowercase; see the + groff_font man page) except a7-d7. An appended `l' (ell) character + denotes landscape orientation. Examples: `a4', `c3l', `letterl'. + + Most output drivers need additional command line switches `-p' and + `-l' to override the default paper length and orientation as set in + the driver specific DESC file. + + For example, use the following for PS output on A4 paper in landscape + orientation: + + groff -Tps -dpaper=a4l -P-pa4 -P-l -ms foo.ms > foo.ps + + +VERSION 1.18.1 +============== + +Troff +----- + +o The non-slanted PostScript font definition files have been regenerated + to include left and right italic correction values. Applying those to + a glyph (this is, prepending the glyph with `\,' and appending `\/' to + the glyph) sets the glyph width to the real value given by the + horizontal bounding box values. Without those escapes, the advance + width for the particular glyph is used (which can differ + considerably). + + Most users will neither need this feature nor notice a difference in + existing documents (provided \, and \/ is used as advertised, namely + for italic fonts only); its main goal is to improve image generation + with grohtml. + + This is an experimental change, and feedback is welcome. + +Tbl +--- + +o Added global option `nospaces' to ignore leading and trailing spaces + in data items. + +Grolbp +------ + +o The option -w (--linewidth) has been added (similar to other device + drivers) to set the default line width. + +Grn +--- + +o Support for b-spline and Bezier curves has been added. + +Groffer +------- + +o New option `--shell' to select the shell under which groffer shall + run. + +Macro Packages +-------------- + +o The string `Am' (producing an ampersand) has been added to mdoc for + compatibility with NetBSD. + +o `.IX' is now deprecated for mom; you should use `.IQ' (Indent Quit) + instead. + +o In mom, new inlines `FWD', `BCK', `UP', and `DOWN' deal with + horizontal and vertical movements; please refer to contrib/mom/NEWS + for more details. + +o New macro ENDNOTES_HDRFTR_CENTER for mom to better control headers. + +Miscellaneous +------------- + +o The `papersize' keyword in the DESC file now accepts multiple + arguments. It is scanned from left to the right, and the first valid + argument is used. This makes it possible to provide a fallback paper + size. + + Example: + + papersize /etc/papersize a4 + +o A local font directory has been prepended to the default font path; it + defaults to /usr/local/share/groff/site-font. Similar to the normal + font searching process, files must be placed into a devXXX + subdirectory, e.g. + + /usr/local/share/groff/site-font/devps/FOO + + for a PostScript font definition file FOO. + + +VERSION 1.18 +============ + +************************************************************************ + PLEASE READ THE CHANGES BELOW REGARDING GROTTY, GROFF'S TTY FRONTEND. +************************************************************************ + +Troff +----- + +o Color support has been added to troff and pic (and to the device + drivers grops, grodvi, grotty, and grohtml -- other preprocessors and + drivers will follow). A new function `defcolor' defines colors; the + escape sequence `\m' sets the drawing color, the escape sequence `\M' + specifies the background color for closed objects created with \D'...' + commands. `\m[]' and `\M[]' switch back to the previous color. `\m' + and `\M' correspond to the new troff output command sets starting with + `m' and `DF'. The device-specific default color is called `default' + and can't be redefined. + + Use the `color' request to toggle the usage of colors (default is on); + the read-only register `.color' is 0 if colors are not active, and + non-zero otherwise. + + The old `Df' output command is mapped onto `DFg'; all color output + commands don't change the current font position (consequently, `Df' + doesn't either). + + Outputting color can be disabled in troff and groff with the option -c + (it is always disabled in compatibility mode). See the section on + grotty for the GROFF_NO_SGR environment variable also. + + For defining color components as fractions between 0 and 1, a new + scaling indicator `f' has been introduced: 1f = 65536u. For testing + whether a color is defined (with .if and .ie), a new conditional + operator `m' is available. + + More details can be found in the groff_diff.7 manual page and in + groff.texinfo. + +o Similar to \m and \M, \f[] switches back to the previous font. \fP + (and \f[P]) is still valid for backwards compatibility. + +o The new escape \F is the same as `.fam'; \F[] switches back to + previous family -- \F[P] selects family `P'. + +o Two new glyph symbols are available: `eu' is the official Euro symbol; + `Eu' is a font-specific glyph variant. + +o The new glyph symbols `t+-', `tdi', and `tmu' are textual variants of + `+-', `di', and `mu', respectively. + +o Latin-1 character 181 (PS name `mu', Unicode name U+00B5 MICRO SIGN) + has got the troff glyph name `mc'. + +o -Tutf8 is now available on EBCDIC hosts. + +o Strings can take arguments, using this syntax: \*[foo arg1 arg2 ...]. + Example: + + .ds xxx This is a \\$1 test. + \*[xxx nice] + +o It is now possible to have whitespace between the first and second dot + (or the name of the ending macro) to end a macro definition. Example: + + .de ! + .. + . + .de foo + . nop Hello, I'm `foo'. + . nop I will now define `bar'. + . de bar ! + . nop Hello, I'm `bar'. + . ! + .. + +o `.fn' is a new string-valued register that returns the resolved font + font name; a font family and abstract style are catenated. + +o Three new read/write registers `seconds', `minutes', and `hours' + contain the current time, set at start-up of troff. Use the `af' + request to control their output format. + +o The new request `fchar' can be used to provide fallback characters. + It has the same syntax as the `char' request; the only difference is + that a character defined with `.char' hides the glyph with the same + name in the current font, whereas a character defined with `.fchar' is + checked only if the particular glyph isn't found in the current font. + This test happens before checking special fonts. + +o In analogy to the `tmc' request, `.writec' is the same as `.write' but + doesn't emit a final newline. + +o The new request `itc' is a variant of `.it' for which a line + interrupted with \c counts as one input line. + +o Two new requests `ds1' and `as1' which are similar to `ds' and `as' + but with compatibility mode disabled during expansion of strings + defined by them. + +o The syntax of the `substring' request has been changed: The first + character in a string now has index 0, the last character has index + -1. Note that this is an incompatible change. + +o To emit strings directly to the intermediate output, a new `output' + request has been added; it is similar to `\!' used at the top level. + +o `.hpf' has been extended. It can now handle most TeX hyphenation + pattern files without modification. To do that, the commands + \patterns, \hyphenation, and \endinput are recognized. Please refer + to groff_diff.7 for more information. + +o `hpfcode' is a new request to provide an input encoding mapping for + the `hpf' request. + +o The new request `hpfa' appends hyphenation patterns (`hpf' replaces + already existing patterns). + +o A new request `ami' (append macro indirect) has been added. The first + and second parameter of `ami' are taken from string registers rather + than directly; this very special request is needed to make + `trace.tmac' independent from the escape character (which might even + be disabled). + +o The new request `sizes' is similar to the `sizes' command in DESC + files. It expects the same syntax; the data must be on a single line, + and the final `0' can be omitted. + +o `trin' (translate input) is a new request which is similar to `tr' + with the exception that the `asciify' request uses the character code + (if any) before the character translation. Example: + + .trin ax + .di xxx + a + .br + .di + .xxx + .trin aa + .asciify xxx + .xxx + + The result is `x a'. Using `tr', the result would be `x x'. + +o The request `pvs' isn't new, but hasn't been documented before. It + adds vertical space after a line has been output. This makes it an + alternative to the `ls' request to produce double-spaced documents. + The read-only register `.pvs' holds the current amount of the + post-vertical line space. + +o For compatibility with plan 9's troff, multiple `pi' requests are + supported: + + .pi foo + .pi bar + + is now equivalent to + + .pi foo | bar + +o A new escape sequence `\O' is available to disable and enable glyph + output. Please see groff_diff.7 and groff.texinfo for more details. + +o The escapes `\%', `\&', `\)', and `\:' no longer cause an error in \X; + they are ignored now. Additionally `\ ' and `\~' are converted to + single space characters. + +o The default tab distance in nroff mode is now 0.8i to be compatible + with Unix troff. + +o Using the latin-1 input character 0xAD (soft hyphen) for the `shc' + request was a bad idea. Instead, it is now translated to `\%', and + the default hyphenation character is again \[hy]. Note that the glyph + \[shc] is not useful for typographic purposes; it only exists to have + glyph names for all latin-1 characters. + +Macro Packages +-------------- + +o Peter Schaffter <df191@ncf.ca> has contributed a new major macro + package called `mom', mainly for non-scientific writers, which takes + care of many typographic issues. It comes with a complete reference + (in HTML format) and some examples. `mom' has been designed to format + documents for PostScript output only. + +o Two macros `AT' (AT&T) and `UC' (Univ. of California) have been added + to the man macros for compatibility with older BSD releases. + +o Both the man and mdoc macro packages now use the LL and LT registers + for setting the line and title length, respectively (similar to those + registers in the ms macro package). If not set on the command line or + in a macro file loaded before the macro package itself, they default + to 78n in nroff mode and 6.5i in troff mode. + +o The `-xwidth' specifier in the mdoc macro package has been removed. + Its functionality is now integrated directly into `-width'. + Similarly, `-column' has been extended to provide this functionality + also. + +o A new macro `Ex' has been added to the mdoc macro package to document + an exit status. + +o The PSPIC macro has been extended to work with DVI output + (`pspic.tmac' is now automatically loaded for -Tdvi), using a dvips + special to load the EPS file. + +o The trace.tmac package now traces calls to `am' also. Additionally, + it works in compatibility mode. + +o `troff.1' has been split. Differences to Unix troff are now + documented in the new man page `groff_diff.7'. + +o `groff_mwww.7' has been renamed to `groff_www.7'. The file mwww.tmac + has been removed. + +o `groff_ms.7' has been completely rewritten. It now contains a + complete reference to the ms macros. + +o `groff_trace.7' documents the trace macro package. + +o Changes in www.tmac: + + Note that HTML support is still in alpha change, so it is rather + likely that both macro names and macro syntax will change. Some of + the macros mentioned below aren't really new but haven't been + documented properly before. + + The following macros have been renamed: + + MAILTO -> MTO + IMAGE -> IMG + LINE -> HR + + For consistency, the macros `URL', `FTL', and `MTO' now all have the + address as the first parameter followed by the description. + + By default, grohtml generates links to all section headings at the + top of the document. Use the new `LK' macro to specify a different + place. + + For specifying the background color and a background image, use the + new macros `BCL' and `BGIMG', respectively. + + The macro `NHR' has been added; it suppresses the generation of top + and bottom rules which grohtml emits by default. + + The new macro `HX' determines the cut-off point for automatic link + generation to headings. + + The image position parameter names in `IMG' have been changed to + `-L', `-R', and `-C'. + + New macro `PIMG' for inclusion of a PNG image (it automatically + converts it into an EPS file if not -Thtml is used). + + New macro `MPIMG' for putting a PNG image into the left or right + margin (it automatically converts it into an EPS file if not -Thtml + is used). + + New macros `HnS', `HnE' to start and end a header line block. + + New macro `DC' to produce dropcap characters. + + New macro `HTL' to generate an HTML title line only but no H1 + heading. + + New macros `ULS' and `ULE' to start and end an unordered list. The + new macro `LI' inserts a list item. + +Groff +----- + +o The new command line option `-c' disables color output (which is + always disabled in compatibility mode). + +Nroff +----- + +o Two new command line options `-c' and `-C'; the former passes `-c' to + grotty (switching to the old output scheme); the latter passes `-C' to + groff (enabling compatibility mode). + +Pic +--- + +o New keywords `color' (or `colour', `colored', `coloured'), `outline' + (or `outlined'), and `shaded' are available. `outline' sets the color + of the outline, `shaded' the fill color, and `color' sets both. + + Example: + + circle shaded "green" outline "black" ; + + Filled arrows always use the outline color for filling. + + Color support for TeX output is not implemented yet. + +Pic2graph +--------- + +o A new script contributed by Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>. It + converts a PIC diagram into a cropped image. Since it uses gs and the + PNM library, virtually all graphics formats are available for output. + +Eqn2graph +--------- + +o A new script contributed by Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>. It + converts an EQN diagram into a cropped image. Since it uses gs and + the PNM library, virtually all graphics formats are available for + output. + +Groffer +------- + +o A new script contributed by Bernd Warken <bwarken@mayn.de>. It + displays groff files and man pages on X and tty, taking care of most + parameters automatically. + +Grog +---- + +o Documents using the mom macro package are recognized. + +Grops +----- + +o Color support has been added. + +o A new option `-p' is available to select the output paper size. It + has the same syntax as the new `papersize' keyword in the DESC file. + +Grodvi +------ + +o By default, font sizes are now available in the range 5-10000pt, + similar to PS fonts. If you want the old behaviour (i.e., font sizes + at discrete values only), insert the following at the start of your + document: + + .if '\*[.T]'dvi' \ + . sizes 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1095 1200 1400 1440 1600 \ + 1728 1800 2000 2074 2200 2400 2488 2800 3600 + +o A new font file HBI (using cmssbxo10; this is slanted sans serif bold + extended) has been added. + +o Two font families are now available: `T' and `H'. + +o EC and TC fonts have been integrated. Use `-mec' (calling the file + ec.tmac) to switch to them. Those fonts give a much better coverage + of the symbols defined by groff than the CM fonts. + + Note that ec.tmac must be called before any language-specific files; + it doesn't take care of hcode values. + +o Color support has been added. For drawing commands, colors are + translated to gray values currently. + +Grotty +------ + +o Color support has been added, using the SGR (ISO 6429, sometimes + called ANSI color) escape sequences. + +o SGR escape sequences are now used by default for underlining and bold + printing also, no longer using the backspace character trick. To + revert to the old behaviour, use the `-c' switch. + + Note that you have to use the `-R' option of `less' to make SGR + escapes display correctly. On the other hand, terminal programs and + consoles like `xterm' which support SGR sequences natively can + directly display the output of grotty. Consequently, the options + `-b', `-B', `-u', and `-U' work only in combination with `-c' and are + ignored silently otherwise. + + For the `man' program, it may be necessary to add the `-R' option of + `less' to the $PAGER environment variable (or $MANPAGER, depending on + the used `man' program); alternatively, you can use `man's `-P' option + (or adapt its configuration file accordingly). See man(1) for more + details. + +o If the environment variable GROFF_NO_SGR is set, SGR output is + disabled, reverting to the old behaviour. + +o A new special \X'tty: sgr n' has been added; if n is non-zero or + missing, enable SGR output (the default). + +o If the new option `-i' is used (only in SGR mode), grotty sends escape + sequences to set the italic font attribute instead of the underline + attribute for italic fonts. Note that many terminals don't have + support for this (including xterm). + +Grohtml +------- + +o Color support for glyphs has been added. + +o New option `-h' to select the style of headings in HTML output. + +o New option `-b' to set the background colour to white. + +o New options `-a' and `-g' to control the number of bits for + anti-aliasing used for text and graphics, respectively. Default value + is 4; 0 means no anti-aliasing. + +o groff character/glyph entities now map onto HTML 4 character entities. + +Grolbp +------ + +o Valid paper sizes are now specified as with the new `papersize' + keyword in the DESC file. Specifically, the old custom paper type + format `custAAAxBBB' is no longer supported. + +Miscellaneous +------------- + +o A new manual page `ditroff.7' is available. + +o The groff texinfo manual is installed now, together with a bunch of + examples. + +o A new keyword `papersize' has been added to the DESC file format. Its + argument is either + + . a predefined paper format (e.g. `A4' or `letter') + + . a file name pointing to a file which must contain a paper size + specification in its first line (e.g. `/etc/papersize') + + . a custom paper size definition like `35c,4i' + + See groff_font(5) for more details. This keyword only affects the + physical dimensions of the output medium; grops, grolj4, and grolbp + use it currently. troff completely ignores it. + + +VERSION 1.17.2 +============== + +This is major bug-fixing release which should replace 1.17.1. + +Troff +----- + +o The `IMAGE' macro in www.tmac has changed: Now the optional 2nd + parameter gives the horizontal image location (left, centered, or + right), and the optional 3rd and 4th parameter the image dimensions. + + +VERSION 1.17.1 +============== + +This is mainly a bug-fixing release. + +Troff +----- + +o Two new requests `de1' and `am1' which are similar to `de' and `am' + but with compatibility mode disabled during expansion of macros + defined by them. + +o Added request `brp'. This is the same as `\p'. + +o Similar to other versions of troff, the `ns' request now works in all + diversions, not only in the top-level one. + +o New read-only number register `.ns'. Returns 1 if in no-space mode, 0 + otherwise. + +Nroff +----- + +o Options -p (pic) and -t (tbl) added. + +o The environment variable GROFF_BIN_PATH is now checked before PATH for + finding groff. + +Grohtml +------- + +o New option `-D dir' to specify a directory in which all images are + placed. + +o New option `-I stem' to specify an image name stame. If not given, + `grohtml-XXX' is used (`XXX' is the process ID). + + +VERSION 1.17 +============ + +Groff +----- + +o `-mFOO' now searches first for `FOO.tmac' and then for `tmac.FOO'. + The old behaviour has been changed to overcome problems with platforms + which have an 8+3 file name limit, and platforms which have other + versions of troff installed also. Additionally, all macro files have + been renamed using the latter scheme to avoid 8+3 name clashes. + +o The new environment variable GROFF_BIN_PATH is checked for programs + groff is calling (preprocessors, troff, and output devices) before + PATH. If not set, it defaults to the directory where the groff binary + is located. Previously, it was PATH only. The nroff script only uses + GROFF_BIN_PATH to find the groff binary but passes both the + GROFF_BIN_PATH and PATH environment variables to groff. + +Troff +----- + +o The mdoc package has been completely rewritten, using the full power + of GNU troff to remove limitations of Unix troff (which is no longer + supported). Most important changes are: + + . No argument limit + . Almost all macros are parsed and callable (if it makes sense) + . `.Lb': prints library names + . `.Nm <punctuation>' now works as expected; `.Nm "" <punctuation>' + has been withdrawn + . Updated `.St' command + . `.Fx': prints FreeBSD + . `.Ox': prints OpenBSD + . `.Bsx': prints BSD/OS + . `.Brq', `.Bro', `.Brc': brace enclosure macros + . `.Bd -centered': center lines + . `.Bl -xwidth <string>': interpret <string> and use the resulting + width + . Support for double-sided printing (-rD1 command line switch) + . Support for 11pt and 12pt document sizes (-rS11, -rS12 command line + switches) + + `groff_mdoc.7' replaces `groff_mdoc.samples.7'; it now completely + documents the mdoc package. + + Great care has been taken to assure backwards compatibility. If you + encounter any abnormal results, please report them to + bug-groff@gnu.org. [2018 UPDATE: This address no longer accepts bug + reports; please use the GNU Savannah bug tracker at + http://savannah.gnu.org/bugs/?group=groff.] + +o A new command line option for the `man' macros (similar to the `mdoc' + package) has been implemented: `-rcR=1' (now the default in nroff + mode) produces one single, very long page instead of multiple pages. + `-rcR=0' deactivates it. + +o The `return' request has been added to return immediately from a + macro. + +o A new request `nop' (no operation) has been added which is similar to + `if 1'. For example, + + .if t \{\ + Hallo! + .\} + + can now be written as + + .if t \{\ + . nop Hallo! + .\} + +o `box' and `boxa' are two new requests which behave similarly to `di' + and `da' but don't include a partially filled line (which is restored + after ending the diversion). + +o The `asciify' request has been extended to `unformat' space characters + and some other escape sequences also. + + `\ ' is no longer unformatted as a space but remains an unpaddable, + unbreakable space character. + +o The new `unformat' request is similar to `asciify' but only handles + space characters and tabs specially if the diversion is reread, + retaining font information. This makes it possible to reformat + diversions; for example the following + + .ll 3i + . + a01 a02 a03 a04 a05 a06 a07 a08 a09 a10. + . + .box box1 + .ev 1 + .nf + \f[B]b01 b02 b03 b04 b05 b06 b07 b08 b09 b10.\f[P] + .br + .ev + .box + . + c01 c02 c03 c04 c05 c06 c07 c08 c09 c10. + . + .unformat box1 + .box1 + + gives + + a01 a02 a03 a04 a05 a06 a07 + a08 a09 a10. c01 c02 c03 c04 + c05 c06 c07 c08 c09 c10. b01 + b02 b03 b04 b05 b06 b07 b08 + b09 b10. + + Without the `unformat' request, space characters are converted to word + space nodes which are no longer stretchable, and the result would be + + a01 a02 a03 a04 a05 a06 a07 + a08 a09 a10. c01 c02 c03 c04 + c05 c06 c07 c08 c09 c10. b01 + b02 b03 b04 b05 b06 b07 b08 + b09 b10. + +o The new request `linetabs' controls the `line-tabs' mode. In + line-tabs mode, tab distances are computed relative to the (current) + output line. Otherwise they are taken relative to the input line. + For example, the following + + .ds x a\t\c + .ds y b\t\c + .ds z c + .ta 1i 3i + \*x + \*y + \*z + + yields + + a b c + + In line-tabs mode, the same code gives + + a b c + + The new read-only number register `.linetabs' returns 1 if in + line-tabs mode, and 0 otherwise. + +o Two new requests `tm1' and `tmc' have been added to improve writing + messages to the terminal. `tm1' is similar to `tm' but allows leading + whitespace. `tmc' is similar to `tm1' but doesn't emit a final + newline. + +o For compatibility with sqtroff, the request `output' has been added. + The behaviour is similar to `\!' at the top-level, that is, it + directly inserts its argument into the intermediate output format. + The syntax is similar to .tm1, allowing leading whitespace. + +o The new `spreadwarn' request makes troff warn if spaces in an output + line are widened by a given limit or more. + +o Use `warnscale' to change the scaling indicator troff uses for warning + messages. + +o A new request `dei' (define indirect) has been added. The first and + second parameter of `dei' are taken from string registers rather than + directly; this very special request is needed to make `trace.tmac' + independent from the escape character (which might even be disabled). + +o It is now possible to save and restore the escape character with two + new requests `ecs' and `ecr'. + +o The new escape sequence \B'...' is an analogon to `\A': If the string + within the delimiters is a valid numeric expression, return character + `1', and `0' otherwise. + +o The new escape sequence `\:' inserts a zero-width break point. This + is similar to `\%' but without a soft hyphen character. + +o The `tr' request can now map characters onto `\~'. + +o Calling the `fam' request without an argument switches back to the + previous font family. + +o The new read-only register `.int' is set to a positive value if the + last output line is interrupted (i.e., if the input line contains + `\c'). + +o The `writem' request is not new, but hasn't been documented before. + This is similar to `write' but instead of a string the contents of a + given macro or string is written to a stream. + +o The read/write number register `hp' to get/set the current horizontal + position relative to the input line isn't new but hasn't been + documented properly before. + +o `\X' and `\Y' are now transparent for end-of-sentence recognition. + +o The `cu' request in nroff mode now works as documented (i.e., it + underlines spaces also). + +Grog +---- + +o The grog script now works in non-compatibility mode also (which is the + default). As usual, use the `-C' option to activate compatibility + mode. + +Grops +----- + +o A new option `-P' resp. a new environment variable `GROPS_PROLOGUE' + has been added to select a different prologue file. + +o The effect of the former `-mpsnew' option to access more Type 1 + characters is now the default and no longer available. To get the old + behaviour (i.e., emulation of some glyphs by composition) use + `-mpsold'. + +Miscellaneous +------------- + +o For security reasons the following changes have been done: + + . The tmac.safer file has been replaced with a built-in solution; + .open, .opena, .pso, .sy, and .pi are completely disabled in safer + mode (which is the default); to enable these requests the `-U' + command line flag must be used. + + . Files specified with the .mso request or given with the `-m' command + line option, and hyphenation patterns loaded with `.hpf' are no + longer searched in the current directory by default (besides the + usual tmac path). Instead, the home directory is used. To add the + current directory, either use the `-U' or `-M' command line option + or set the GROFF_TMAC_PATH environment variable to an appropriate + value. + + . troffrc, troffrc-end, and eqnrc are neither searched in the current + nor in the home directory (even if -U is given). Use -M or + GROFF_TMAC_PATH to change that. + + . Similarly, the current directory is no longer part of the font path. + Use the `-F' command line option or the GROFF_FONT_PATH environment + variable if you really need the current directory. + +o groff now installs its data files into + /usr/local/share/groff/<version> by default, following the GNU + standard. Additionally, a local tmac directory (by default + /usr/local/share/groff/site-tmac) is scanned before the standard tmac + directory. Wrapper files for system-specific macro packages (if + necessary) are put into /usr/local/lib/groff/site-tmac; this directory + is searched before the local tmac directory. + +o All programs now have option `-v' to show the version number; they + exit immediately afterwards, following the GNU standards. + Additionally, `--version' and `--help' have been added, doing the + obvious actions. + + +VERSION 1.16.1 +============== + +Bug fixes only; no user-visible changes. + + +VERSION 1.16 +============ + +Groff +----- + +The anachronism of calling the man macro package with `-man' has been +fixed; now you can say `-m man' also. The same is true for `ms', `me', +`markup', `mandoc', and `mdoc'. + +A new switch `-g' for calling `grn' is available. + +A new switch `-G' for calling `grap' is available. + +EBCDIC support for tty devices has been added. On such hosts, IBM code +page 1047 is available with -Tcp1047 instead of -Tascii and -Tlatin1 +(and, for the moment, -Tutf8). Note that non-tty devices are not yet +supported (but installed). + +Troff +----- + +A new command line option to the `man' macros is available: `-rSxx' +(with `xx' either 10, 11, or 12) to set the base document font size to +`xx' points. Additionally, `.SH' now produces larger headings than +`.SS'. + +To solve a problem with the .PSPIC macro which needs the `-U' switch of +troff to access an external program (psbb), a new request .psbb is now +available to get the bounding box of a PostScript image file. The +values (in PostScript units) are returned in the new read-only number +registers `llx', `lly', `urx', and `ury'. Consequently, .PSPIC has been +adapted to use the new request, and the psbb program has been removed. + +A new predefined writable number register, `year', has been added. It +contains the current year. + +A new read-only register, `.Y', has been added. It contains the +revision number of the groff package. + +`\fP' now behaves as expected in situations like the following where the +font `foo' is undefined: + + .B bold text + normal text \f[foo]bar\fP normal text + +Previously, the text after \fP appeared as bold. + +The `substring' request is not new, but hasn't been documented before. + +The predefined `.T' string register (which holds the name of the output +device) is not new, but hasn't been documented before. + +A new request `length' computes the length of a string and returns it in +a number register. + +The macro files `tmac.a4' (for specifying A4 paper format) and +`tmac.trace' (a debugging aid) are now installed also. + +A new resource file, `troffrc-end', is now available. It is invoked +after all user-specified macros. Currently used by the html device to +include tmac.html; thus no need for users to specify -mhtml anymore. + +The soft hyphen character now has a glyph name: `shc'. + +The latin-1 character 173 (PS name `periodcentered') has got the troff +glyph name `pc' and is no longer intermixed with the symbol character +`md' (PS name `mathdot'). + +ASCII character 34 (PS name `quotedbl') has got the troff glyph name +`dq' (which is an alias to character `"'). + +ASCII character 39 (PS name `quoteright') has got the troff glyph name +`cq' (which is an alias to character "'"). + +Some additions to the font description files have been implemented for +better support of HTML output: + + The new format of lines in the `charset' subsection of font + description files is + + name metrics type code [entity_name] [-- comment] + + Currently, only the font description files in devhtml use the optional + entity_name string to define glyph entities in HTML. Everything after + the entity_name field is ignored; in case this field isn't used, two + hyphen characters are now necessary to start a comment. + + Two new requests are available in DESC files (currently used only with + grohtml): + + use_charnames_in_special + This command indicates that troff should encode named characters + inside special commands. + + pass_filenames + requests that troff tells the driver the source file name being + processed. This is achieved by another tcommand: `F filename'. + +Grotty +------ + +Bruno Haible <haible@clisp.cons.org> contributed support for UTF8 +output. + +Grohtml +------- + +Added .LINE macro to tmac.arkup. + +The obsolete `.LINK' macro has been removed. + +.URL, .FTP, and .MAILTO macros now accept an optional third argument +which is immediately appended to the second argument (to be used with +punctuation, for example). + +Grodvi +------ + +The font size 11pt has been changed to 10.95pt (as used in LaTeX 2e). + +A new font file CWI (using cmitt10; this is typewriter italic) has been +added. + +Grolbp +------ + +A new driver for Canon CaPSL printers (LBP-4 and LBP-8 series laser +printers). This code has been contributed by Francisco Andres Verdu +<pandres@dragonet.es>. + +Grn +--- + +A new preprocessor to process gremlin pictures. It is based on the +original Berkeley implementation of grn, written by David Slattengren +and Barry Roitblat, and has been adapted to groff by Daniel Senderowicz +<daniel@synchrods.com> and Werner Lemberg <wl@gnu.org>. + +Pic +--- + +Added the `srand' command to set the seed for a new sequence of +pseudo-random numbers to be returned by `rand'. + +Gxditview +--------- + +Simplified installation: The Imakefile is now configured (by groff's +configure script). + +Documentation +------------- + +Three new man pages are available: groff_tmac.5 (documenting how troff +macros are accessed and where they are found), groff.7 (a short +reference of the GNU roff language), and roff.7 (a general survey on GNU +troff). + +Miscellaneous +------------- + +A partial port to win32 (for use with Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0) is now +part of the distribution. It has been contributed by Blake McBride +<blake@florida-software.com>. + +More information about programs, macros, documentation, etc., which is +related to groff has been collected in the file `MORE.STUFF'. + + +VERSION 1.13, 1.14, 1.15 +======================== + +Bug fixes only; no user-visible changes. + + +VERSION 1.12 +============ + +Finally, there are new maintainers for groff. Mailing lists and a +development repository are available also. See the file README for +details. Not all reported bugs could be fixed, so please send mails +again if something is still not working. + +Most of the installation problems should have vanished now (most notably +the $(tmac_wrap) bug). + +There is now a man page called groff_man.7 which documents the basics of +the -man macros. It has been originally written by Susan G. Kleinmann +<sgk@debian.org>. + +A (still incomplete) groff reference manual in texinfo format originally +contributed by Trent A. Fisher <trent@gnurd.portland.or.us>. + +me.man and msafer.man have been renamed to groff_me.man resp. +groff_msafer.man for consistency. + +Default strings for macros in doc-common resp. tmac.an no longer contain +the word `UNIX'. + +groff should now be Y2k safe (fixes contributed by Paul Eggert +<eggert@twinsun.com>). + +Following the GNU standards, groff now uses the prefix `/usr/local/' as +the default instead of replacing an existent groff binary. + +groff, troff, nroff, and pic now support the -U flag to activate unsafe +behaviour (without -msafer); the -S flag for using the -msafer macros is +now the default. + +Grohtml +------- + +This is a new output device for producing HTML output contributed by +Gaius Mulley <gaius@glam.ac.uk>. It is still very alpha but has been +included into the distribution so that a lot of people have a chance to +test it. Bug reports are highly welcome. + +Grolj4 +------ + +Duplex printing support has been contributed by Jeffrey Copeland +<jeff@opennt.com>. + +Soelim +------ + +Added -I option for defining include paths (patch contributed by Peter +Miller <peterm@jna.com.au>). + +Gxditview +--------- + +Fallback resources added (patch contributed by Larry Jones +<larry.jones@sdrc.com>). + +Will now support 8 gray levels. + +mm +-- + +New version 1.32 (contributed by Joergen Haegg <jh@axis.com>). + + +VERSION 1.11 +============ + +Complete documentation for pic is now in the file doc/pic.ms. It was +contributed by Eric S. Raymond, <esr@thyrsus.com>, who is emphatically +*not* volunteering to take over groff as he is way overworked with half +a dozen other projects. + + +VERSION 1.10 +============ + +The directory where data files are installed has been changed from +/usr/local/lib/groff to /usr/local/share/groff to comply with the latest +GNU coding standards. + +By default groff programs with Unix equivalents are installed with a "g" +prefix unless there is an existing (non-groff) troff installation. + +A new approach is used to make system macro packages available to groff. +Instead of simply including /usr/lib/tmac in the list of directories +searched by groff, the installation process creates for each system +macro package a wrapper macro package in the groff macro directory that +references the system macro package. The groff macro packages are now +installed with a leading "g" prefix if there is a system version of the +same macro package, and otherwise without the "g" prefix, with the +exception that the groff version of -me which is always installed as +-me. + +There is a new device, lj4, for the HP LaserJet 4 (and PCL5 +compatibles). + +Groff +----- + +groff has a -S option that prevents the use of unsafe features in pic +and troff. This uses a new -S option of pic and the -msafer macros for +troff. + +Troff +----- + +The `blm' request specifies a macro to be invoked when a blank line is +encountered. + +Pic +--- + +A -S (safer) option disables the sh command. + +Grops +----- + +The -m option enables manual feed. + + +VERSION 1.09 +============ + +\(rn now produces a character that has the traditional metrics, and form +corners with \(ul and \(br. This means that it does not align properly +with \(sr. Instead there's a new character \[radicalex] which aligns +with \(sr; this is used by eqn for doing square roots. + +Troff +----- + +The `pso' request allows you to read from the standard output of a +command. + +Grops +----- + +The PSPIC macro has options to allow the horizontal alignment of the +graphic to be specified. + + +VERSION 1.08 +============ + +Troff +----- + +The escape sequence \V[xxx] interpolates the value of the environment +variable xxx. + +Tbl +--- + +The decimalpoint option can be used to specify the character to be +recognized as the decimal point character in place of the default +period. + + +VERSION 1.07 +============ + +Groff +----- + +The environment variable GROFF_COMMAND_PREFIX can be used to control +whether groff looks for `gtroff' or `troff' (similarly for the +preprocessors.) + +Troff +----- + +Multilingual hyphenation is supported by new `hpf' and `hla' requests, +and by a `\n[.hla]' number register. The -H option has been removed. +Files of hyphenation patterns can have comments. + +When a font cannot be found, troff gives a warning (of type `font', +enabled by default) instead of an error. + +There's a new request `trnt' that's like `tr' except that it doesn't +apply to text transparently throughput into a diversion with \!. + +Tbl +--- + +There is a `nokeep' option which tells tbl not to use diversions to try +to keep the table on one page. + +Eqn +--- + +Setting the parameter `nroff' to a non-zero value causes `ndefine' to +behave like `define' and `tdefine' to be ignored. This is done by eqnrc +when the current device is ascii or latin1. There's a `neqn' script +that just does `eqn -Tascii'. + +Grotty +------ + +grotty uses whatever page length was specified using the `pl' request +rather than using the paperlength command in the DESC file. The +paperwidth command in the DESC file is also ignored. + + +VERSION 1.06 +============ + +The programs in groff that have Unix counterparts can now be installed +without a leading `g' prefix. See the `g' variable in the Makefile. + +The g?nroff script simulates the nroff command using groff. + +New special characters \(+h, \(+f, \(+p, \(Fn, \(Bq, \(bq, \(aq, \(lz, +\(an. See groff_char(7). + +^L is now a valid input character. + +Groff +----- + +The Xps pseudo-device has disappeared. Instead there is a new -X option +that tells groff to use gxditview instead of the usual postprocessor. +(So instead of -TXps, use -XTps or just -X if your default device is +ps.) + +The postprocessor to be used for a particular device is now specified by +a `postpro' command in the DESC file rather than being compiled into +groff. Similarly the command to be used for printing (with the -l +option) is now specified by a `print' command in the DESC file. + +The groff command no longer specifies eqnchar as an input file for eqn. +Instead eqn automatically loads a file `eqnrc'. The groff command no +longer passes the -D option to eqn. Instead eqnrc sets the draw_lines +parameter. + +The groff command no longer tells troff to load a device-specific macro +file. This is handled instead by the `troffrc' file, which is always +loaded by troff. + +The shell script version of groff has been removed. + +Troff +----- + +The `rchar' request removes a character definition established with +`char'. + +Compatibility mode is disabled and the escape character is set to `\' +while a character definition is being processed. + +The `\#' escape sequence is like `\"' except that the terminating +newline is ignored. + +The `shc' request tells troff which character to insert (instead of the +default \(hy) when a word is hyphenated at a line break. + +A font name of 0 (zero) in the DESC file causes no font to be mounted on +the corresponding font position. This is useful for arranging that +special fonts are mounted on positions on which users are not likely +explicitly to mount fonts. All groff devices now avoid initially +mounting fonts on positions 5-9. + +The `do' request allows a single request or macro to be interpreted with +compatibility mode disabled. + +troff automatically loads a file `troffrc' before any other input file. +This can be prevented with the -R option. This file is responsible for +loading the device-specific macros. + +Pic +--- + +The -x option has been removed and a -n option has been added. By +default, pic now assumes that the postprocessor supports groff +extensions. The -n option tells pic to generate output that works with +ditroff drivers. The -z option now applies only to TeX mode. + +The -p option has been removed. Instead if the -n option is not +specified, pic generates output that uses \X'ps: ...' if the \n(0p +register is non-zero and tmac.ps sets this register to 1. + +In places where you could 1st or 5th you can now say `i'th or `i+1'th +(the quotes are required). + +Eqn +--- + +Eqn now automatically reads a file `eqnrc' from the macro directory. +This performs the same role that the eqnchar files used to. This can be +prevented by the -R option. + +Setting the draw_lines parameter to a non-zero value causes lines to be +drawn using \D rather than \l. The -D option is now obsolete. + +`uparrow', `downarrow' and `updownarrow' can be used with `left' and +`right'. + +The amount of extra space added before and after lines containing +equations can be controlled using the `body_height' and `body_depth' +parameters. + +Grops +----- + +Font description files have been regenerated from newer AFM files. You +can get access to the additional characters present in the text fonts in +newer PostScript printers by using -mpsnew. + +The default value of the -b option is specified by a `broken' command in +the DESC file. + +With the -g option, grops generates PostScript code that guesses the +page height. This allows documents to be printed on both letter +(8.5x11) and A4 paper without change. + +Grodvi +------ + +ISO Latin-1 characters are available with -Tdvi. Format groff_char(7) +with groff -Tdvi for more information. + +Grotty +------ + +The -mtty-char macros contain additional character definitions for use +with grotty. + +Macros +------ + +In previous releases the groff -me macros treated the $r and $R number +registers in a way that was incompatible with the BSD -me macros. The +reason for this was that the approach used by the BSD -me macros does +not work with low resolution devices such as -TX75 and -TX100. However, +this caused problems with existing -me documents. In this release, the +vertical spacing is controlled by the $v and $V registers which have the +same meaning as $r and $R in earlier groff releases. In addition, if +the $r or $R register is set to a value that would be correct for the +BSD -me macros and a low resolution device is not being used, then an +appropriate value for the $v or $V register is derived from the $r or $R +register. + +The groff -me macros work with -C and (I think) with Unix troff. + +For backward compatibility with BSD -me, the \*{ and \*} strings are +also available as \*[ and \*]. Of course, \*[ is only usable with -C. + +The \*T string has been deleted. Use \*(Tm instead. + +Xditview +-------- + +The `n', Space and Return keys are bound to the Next Page action. The +`p', BackSpace and Delete keys are bound to the Previous Page action. +The `q' key is bound to the Quit action. + +The `r' key is bound to a rerasterize action that reruns groff, and +redisplays the current page. + + +VERSION 1.05 +============ + +Pic +--- + +There is a alternative assignment operator `:=' which interacts +differently with blocks. + +There is a new command `command', which allows the values of variables +to be passed through to troff or TeX. + +The `print' command now accepts multiple arguments. + +String comparison expressions (using `==' or `!=') are allowed in more +contexts. + +Grotty +------ + +Horizontal and vertical lines drawn with \D'l ...' are rendered using -, +| and + characters. This is intended to give reasonable results with +boxed tables. It won't work well with pic. + +Macros +------ + +The -mdoc macros have been upgraded to the version in the second +Berkeley networking release. This version is not completely compatible +with earlier versions; the old version is still available as -mdoc.old. +The grog script has been enhanced so that it can usually determine +whether a document requires the old or new versions. + +With -TX75, -TX100 and -TXps, the PSPIC macro produces a box around +where the picture would appear with -Tps. + + +VERSION 1.04 +============ + +An implementation of the -mm macros is included. + +The directory in which temporary files are created can be controlled by +setting the GROFF_TMPDIR or TMPDIR environment variables. + +Pic +--- + +Some MS-DOS support (see pic/make-dos-dist). + +Grops +----- + +There are two new \X commands (\X'ps: invis' and \X'ps: endinvis') which +make it possible to have substitute characters that are displayed when +previewing with -TXps but ignored when printing with grops. + +Xditview +-------- + +Support for scalable fonts. + + +VERSION 1.03 +============ + +No changes other than bug fixes. + + +VERSION 1.02 +============ + +There is an implementation of refer and associated programs. groff -R +preprocesses with grefer; no mechanism is provided for passing arguments +to grefer because most grefer options have equivalent commands which can +be included in the file. grog also supports refer. + +There is an alternative perl implementation of the grog script. + +The code field in lines in the charset section of font description files +is now allowed to contain an arbitrary integer (previously it was +required to lie between 0 and 255). Currently grops and grodvi use only +the low order 8 bits of the value. Grodvi uses the complete value; +however, this is unlikely to be useful with traditional TeX tools (.tfm +files only allow 8 bit character codes.) + +Left and right double quotes can be obtained with \(lq and \(rq +respectively. + +There is a new program called pfbtops which translates PostScript fonts +in pfb format to ASCII. + +A slightly modified version of the Berkeley tmac.doc is included. + +Troff +----- + +In long escape names the closing ] is now required to be at the same +interpolation depth as the opening [. + +The \A'S' escape sequence returns 1 or 0 according as S is or is not +suitable for use as a name. + +\~ produces an unbreakable space that can be stretched when the line is +adjusted. + +The `mso' request is like the `so' request except that it searches for +the file in the same directories in which tmac.X is searched for when +the -mX option is given. + +The escape sequence `\R' is similar to the `nr' request. + +Eqn +--- + +A new `special' primitive allows you to add new types of unary +constructs by writing a troff macro. + +Pic +--- + +The implementation no longer uses gperf. + +Grops +----- + +The compile-time -DBROKEN_SPOOLER option has been replaced by a +BROKEN_SPOOLER_FLAGS option. This allows more precise control over how +grops should workaround broken spoolers and previewers. There is a new +-b option that can change this at run-time. + +Grops now generates PostScript that complies with version 3.0 of the +Document Structuring Convention. + +The resource management component of grops (the part that deals with +imported documents and downloadable fonts) has been rewritten and now +supports version 3.0 of the Document Structuring Conventions. The +%%DocumentFonts comment is no longer supported; you must use the +%%Document{Needed,Supplied}{Fonts,Resources} comments instead +(or as well.) + +tmac.psatk contains some macros that support the mechanism used by the +Andrew Toolkit for including PostScript graphics in troff documents. + +Xditview +-------- + +Parts of xditview have been rewritten so that it can be used with the +output of gtroff -Tps. groff -TXps runs gtroff -Tps with gxditview. + +There is a new menu entry `Print' which brings up a dialog box for +specifying a command with which the file being previewed should be +printed. + +Xditview now uses imake. + + +VERSION 1.01 +============ + +The groff command now understands the gtroff `-a' and `-i' options. + +With the `m' and `n' scaling indicators, the scale factor is rounded +horizontally before being applied. This makes (almost) no difference +for devices with `hor' equal to 1, but it makes groff with -Tascii or +-Tlatin1 behave more like nroff in its treatment of these scale +indicators. Accordingly tmac.tty now calls the `nroff' request so that +the `n' condition is true. + +The device-specific macros (tmac.ps, tmac.dvi, tmac.tty and tmac.X) have +been made to work at least somewhat with -C. In particular the special +characters defined by these macros now work with -C. + +groff -Tdvi -p now passes pic the -x flag; this enables filling of +arrowheads and boxes, provided that your dvi driver supports the latest +version of the tpic specials. + +Eqn +--- + +There is a new `-N' option that tells eqn not to allow newlines in +delimiters. This allows eqn to recover better from missing closing +delimiters. The groff command passes on a `-N' option to eqn. + +Grops +----- + +You can now use psfig with grops. See the file ps/psfig.diff. I do not +recommend using psfig for new documents. + +The command \X'ps: file F' is similar to \X'ps: exec ...' except that +the PostScript code is read from the file F instead of being contained +within the \X command. This was added to support psfig. + +Grodvi +------ + +There are font files HB and HI corresponding to cmsssbx10 and cmssi10. + +Macros +------ + +The groff -me macros now work with the -C option. As a result, they may +also work with Unix nroff/troff. + +In -me, the $r and $R number registers now contain the line spacing as a +percentage of the pointsize expressed in units (normally about 120). +The previous definition was useless with low resolution devices such as +X75 and X100. + + +VERSION 1.00 +============ + +A -ms-like macro-package is now included. + +The name for the Icelandic lowercase eth character has been changed from +\(-d to \(Sd. + +Troff +----- + +There is a new request `nroff', which makes the `n' built-in condition +true and the `t' built-in condition false; also a new request `troff' +which undoes the effect of the `nroff' request. This is intended only +for backward compatibility: it is usually better to test \n(.H or \n(.V +or to use the `c' built-in condition. + +The \R escape sequence has been deleted. Use \E instead. + +There are `break' and `continue' requests for use with the `while' +request. + +There is a request `hym' that can ensure that when the current +adjustment mode is not `b' a line is not hyphenated if it is no more +than a given amount short, and a request `hys' that can ensure that when +the current adjustment mode is `b' a line is not hyphenated if it can be +justified by adding no more than a given amount of extra space to each +word space. + +There is a request `rj' similar to `ce' that right justifies lines. + +A warning of type `space' is given when a call is made to an undefined +request or macro with a name longer than two characters, and the first +two characters of the name make a name that is defined. This is +intended to find places where a space has been omitted been a request or +macro and its argument. This type of warning is enabled by default. + +Pic +--- + +A comma is permitted between the arguments to the `reset' command. + +For use with TeX, there is a new `-c' option that makes gpic treat lines +beginning with `.' in a way that is more compatible with tpic (but +ugly). + +Eqn +--- + +It is no longer necessary to add `space 0' at the beginning of +complicated equations inside pictures. + +`prime' is now treated as an ordinary character, as in Unix eqn. The +previous behaviour of `prime' as an operator can now be obtained using +`opprime'. + +Xditview +-------- + +There are two new devices X75-12 and X100-12 which are the same as X75 +and X100 except that they are optimized for documents that use mostly 12 +point text. + + +VERSION 0.6 +=========== + +The installation process has been refined to make it easy for you to +share groff with someone who has the same type of machine as you but +does not have a C++ compiler. See the end of the INSTALL file for +details. + +There is a man page for the tfmtodit program which explains how to use +your own fonts with groff -Tdvi. + +There is a man page for afmtodit which explains how to use your own +PostScript fonts with groff -Tps. + +The \N escape sequence is now fully supported. It can now be used to +access any character in a font by its output code, even if it doesn't +have a groff name. This is made possible by a convention in the font +files that a character name of `---' refers to an unnamed character. +The drivers now all support the `N' command required for this. The font +description files have been updated to include unnamed characters. + +The `x' command in font description files has been removed: instead any +unknown commands are automatically made available to the drivers. If +you constructed your own font files with an earlier version of tfmtodit +or afmtodit, you must construct them again using the current version. + +Characters between 0200 and 0237 octal are no longer valid input +characters. Note that these are not used in ISO 8859. + +A command called `grog' has been added, similar to the `doctype' command +described in Kernighan and Pike. + +Groff +----- + +The groff command has some new options: -V prints the pipeline instead +of executing it; -P passes an argument to the postprocessor, -L passes +an argument to the spooler. + +There is a C++ implementation of the groff command. This handles some +things slightly better than the shell script. In particular, it can +correctly handle arguments containing characters that have a special +meaning to the shell; it can give an error message when child processes +other than the last in the pipeline terminate abnormally; its exit +status can take account of the exit statuses of all its child processes; +it is a little more efficient; when geqn is used, it searches for the +eqnchar file in the same way that font metric files are searched for, +rather than expecting to find it in one particular directory. + +Gtroff +------ + +There is font translation feature: For example, you can tell gtroff to +use font `HR' whenever font `H' is requested with the line + .ftr H HR +This would be useful for a document that uses `H' to refer to Helvetica. + +There are some new number registers: `.kern' contains the current kern +mode, `.lg' the current ligature mode, `.x' the major version number, +`.y' the minor version number, `.ce' the number of lines to be centered +in the current environment, `.trunc' the amount of vertical space +truncated by the most recently sprung vertical position trap, `.ne' the +amount of vertical space needed in the last `ne' request that caused a +vertical position trap to be sprung. + +The `cf' request now behaves sensibly in a diversion. If used in a +diversion, it now arranges for the file to be copied to the output when +the diversion is reread. + +There is a new request `trf' (transparent file) similar to `cf', but +more like `\!'. + +There is a new escape sequence `\Y[xxx]', roughly equivalent to +`\X'\*[xxx]'', except that the contents of string or macro xxx are not +interpreted, and xxx may contain newlines. This requires an output +format extension; the drivers have been modified to understand this. +Grops has also been modified to cope with newlines in the arguments to +\X commands; grops has a new \X command mdef, which is like def except +that it has a first argument giving the number of definitions. + +There is a new warning category `escape' which warns about unknown +escape sequences. + +The `fp' request now takes an optional third argument giving the +external name of the font. + +The `\_' character is now automatically translated to `\(ul' as in +troff. + +The environment variable `GROFF_HYPHEN' gives the name of the file +containing the hyphenation patterns. + +There is a `\C'xxx'' escape sequence equivalent to `\[xxx]'. + +Characters ", ', ), ], *, \(dg are now initially transparent for the +purposes of end of sentence recognition. + +There is an anti-recursion feature in the `char' request, so you can say +`.char \(bu \s+2\(bu\s-2'. + +The limit on the number of font positions has been removed. Accordingly +`\n[.fp]' never returns 0. + +The restriction on the number of numbered environments has been removed. + +There is a new escape sequence `\E' that makes it possible to guarantee +that an escape sequence won't get interpreted in copy-mode. The `\R' +escape sequence is accordingly now deprecated. + +Gpic +---- + +Arguments of the form `X anything X' (in the `copy thru', `sh', `for', +`if' and `define' constructs) can now be of the form `{ anything }'. + +If the `linethick' variable is negative (as it now is initially), lines +are drawn with a thickness proportional to the current point size. + +The `rand' function now takes no arguments and returns a number between +0 and 1. The old syntax is still supported. + +`^' can be used in expressions to indicate exponentiation. + +In the `for' construct the argument to the by clause can be prefixed by +`*' to indicate that the increment is multiplicative. + +A bare expression may be used as an attribute. If the current direction +is `dir', then an attribute `expr' is equivalent to `dir expr' + +There is a `sprintf' construct that allows numbers to be formatted and +used wherever a quoted string can be used. + +The height of a text object without an explicit height attribute is the +number of text strings associated with the object times the value of the +`textht' variable. + +The maximum height and width of a picture is controlled by the +`maxpswid' and `maxpsht' variables. + +Gtbl +---- + +Gtbl can now handle gracefully the situation where the `ce' request has +been applied to a table. + +Geqn +---- + +The `ifdef' primitive has been generalized. + +A tilde accent can be put underneath a box using `utilde'. This defined +using a general `uaccent' primitive. + +Grops +----- + +There is a new PostScript font downloading scheme which handles font +downloading for imported illustrations. Previously, the name of the +file containing the font was given in the `x download' line in the groff +font metric file. Now, there is a `download' file which says for each +PostScript font name which file contains that font. Grops can also now +handle inter-font dependencies, where one downloadable font depends on +some other (possibly downloadable) font. + +The `T' font has been removed. The characters it used to provide are +now provided by `char' definitions in tmac.ps. TSymbol.ps has also been +removed, and the tweaks it provided are now provided by `char' +definitions. + + +##### Editor settings +Local Variables: +coding: latin-1 +fill-column: 72 +mode: text +version-control: never +End: +# vim: set autoindent textwidth=72: |