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<h4 class="subsection" id="Artificial-Fonts-1">5.19.7 Artificial Fonts</h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-artificial-fonts"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-fonts_002c-artificial"></a>
<p>There are a number of requests and escape sequences for artificially
creating fonts. These are largely vestiges of the days when output
devices did not have a wide variety of fonts, and when <code class="code">nroff</code> and
<code class="code">troff</code> were separate programs. Most of them are no longer
necessary in GNU <code class="code">troff</code>. Nevertheless, they are supported.
</p>
<dl class="first-deffn">
<dt class="deffn" id="index-_005cH_0027height_0027"><span class="category-def">Escape sequence: </span><span><strong class="def-name"><code class="t">\H<code class="code">'</code></code><span class="r"><i class="slanted">height</i></span><code class="t"><code class="code">'</code></code></strong><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cH_0027height_0027'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cH"></a>
</dd><dt class="deffnx def-cmd-deffn" id="index-_005cH_0027_002bheight_0027"><span class="category-def">Escape sequence: </span><span><strong class="def-name"><code class="t">\H<code class="code">'</code></code><span class="r"><i class="slanted"><code class="t">+</code>height</i></span><code class="t"><code class="code">'</code></code></strong><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cH_0027_002bheight_0027'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dt class="deffnx def-cmd-deffn" id="index-_005cH_0027_002dheight_0027"><span class="category-def">Escape sequence: </span><span><strong class="def-name"><code class="t">\H<code class="code">'</code></code><span class="r"><i class="slanted"><code class="t">-</code>height</i></span><code class="t"><code class="code">'</code></code></strong><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cH_0027_002dheight_0027'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dt class="deffnx def-cmd-deffn" id="index-_005cn_005b_002eheight_005d"><span class="category-def">Register: </span><span><strong class="def-name"><code class="t">\n[.height]</code></strong><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cn_005b_002eheight_005d'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002eheight"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-changing-the-font-height-_0028_005cH_0029"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-font-height_002c-changing-_0028_005cH_0029"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-height_002c-font_002c-changing-_0028_005cH_0029"></a>
<p>Change (increment, decrement) the height of the current font, but not
the width. If <var class="var">height</var> is zero, restore the original height.
Default scaling unit is ‘<samp class="samp">z</samp>’.
</p>
<p>The read-only register <code class="code">.height</code> contains the font height as set by
<code class="code">\H</code>.
</p>
<p>Currently, only the <samp class="option">-Tps</samp> and <samp class="option">-Tpdf</samp> devices support
this feature.
</p>
<p><code class="code">\H</code> doesn’t produce an input token in GNU <code class="code">troff</code>. As a
consequence, it can be used in requests like <code class="code">mc</code> (which expects
a single character as an argument) to change the font on the fly:
</p>
<div class="example">
<div class="group"><pre class="example-preformatted">.mc \H'+5z'x\H'0'
</pre></div></div>
<p>In compatibility mode, <code class="code">gtroff</code> behaves differently: If an
increment or decrement is used, it is always taken relative to the
current type size and not relative to the previously selected font
height. Thus,
</p>
<div class="example">
<div class="group"><pre class="example-preformatted">.cp 1
\H'+5'test \H'+5'test
</pre></div></div>
<p>prints the word ‘<samp class="samp">test</samp>’ twice with the same font height (five points
larger than the current font size).
</p></dd></dl>
<dl class="first-deffn">
<dt class="deffn" id="index-_005cS_0027slant_0027"><span class="category-def">Escape sequence: </span><span><strong class="def-name"><code class="t">\S<code class="code">'</code></code><span class="r"><i class="slanted">slant</i></span><code class="t"><code class="code">'</code></code></strong><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cS_0027slant_0027'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cS"></a>
</dd><dt class="deffnx def-cmd-deffn" id="index-_005cn_005b_002eslant_005d"><span class="category-def">Register: </span><span><strong class="def-name"><code class="t">\n[.slant]</code></strong><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cn_005b_002eslant_005d'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002eslant"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-changing-the-font-slant-_0028_005cS_0029"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-font-slant_002c-changing-_0028_005cS_0029"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-slant_002c-font_002c-changing-_0028_005cS_0029"></a>
<p>Slant the current font by <var class="var">slant</var> degrees. Positive values slant to
the right. Only integer values are possible.
</p>
<p>The read-only register <code class="code">.slant</code> contains the font slant as set by
<code class="code">\S</code>.
</p>
<p>Currently, only the <samp class="option">-Tps</samp> and <samp class="option">-Tpdf</samp> devices support
this feature.
</p>
<p><code class="code">\S</code> doesn’t produce an input token in GNU <code class="code">troff</code>. As a
consequence, it can be used in requests like <code class="code">mc</code> (which expects
a single character as an argument) to change the font on the fly:
</p>
<div class="example">
<div class="group"><pre class="example-preformatted">.mc \S'20'x\S'0'
</pre></div></div>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-CSTR-_002354-errata-3"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-CSTR-_002354-erratum_002c-_005cS-escape"></a>
<p>This escape is incorrectly documented in the <abbr class="acronym">AT&T</abbr>
<code class="code">troff</code> manual; the slant is always set to an absolute value.
</p></dd></dl>
<dl class="first-deffn">
<dt class="deffn" id="index-_002eul"><span class="category-def">Request: </span><span><strong class="def-name"><code class="t">.ul</code></strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">[<span class="r"><i class="slanted">lines</i></span>]</var><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002eul'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-ul"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-underlining-_0028ul_0029"></a>
<p>The <code class="code">ul</code> request normally underlines subsequent lines if a TTY
output device is used. Otherwise, the lines are printed in italics
(only the term ‘underlined’ is used in the following). The single
argument is the quantity of input lines to be underlined; with no
argument, the next line is underlined. If <var class="var">lines</var> is zero or
negative, stop the effects of <code class="code">ul</code> (if it was active). Requests
and empty lines do not count for computing the number of underlined
input lines, even if they produce some output like <code class="code">tl</code>. Lines
inserted by macros (e.g., invoked by a trap) do count.
</p>
<p>At the beginning of <code class="code">ul</code>, the current font is stored and the
underline font is activated. Within the span of a <code class="code">ul</code> request, it
is possible to change fonts, but after the last line affected by
<code class="code">ul</code> the saved font is restored.
</p>
<p>This number of lines still to be underlined is associated with the
environment (see <a class="pxref" href="Environments.html">Environments</a>). The underline font can be changed
with the <code class="code">uf</code> request.
</p>
<p>The <code class="code">ul</code> request does not underline spaces.
</p></dd></dl>
<dl class="first-deffn">
<dt class="deffn" id="index-_002ecu"><span class="category-def">Request: </span><span><strong class="def-name"><code class="t">.cu</code></strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">[<span class="r"><i class="slanted">lines</i></span>]</var><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002ecu'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-cu"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-continuous-underlining-_0028cu_0029"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-underlining_002c-continuous-_0028cu_0029"></a>
<p>The <code class="code">cu</code> request is similar to <code class="code">ul</code> but underlines spaces as
well (if a TTY output device is used).
</p></dd></dl>
<dl class="first-deffn">
<dt class="deffn" id="index-_002euf"><span class="category-def">Request: </span><span><strong class="def-name"><code class="t">.uf</code></strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">font</var><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002euf'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-uf"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-underline-font-_0028uf_0029"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-font-for-underlining-_0028uf_0029"></a>
<p>Set the underline font (globally) used by <code class="code">ul</code> and <code class="code">cu</code>. By
default, this is the font at position 2. <var class="var">font</var> can be either
a non-negative font position or the name of a font.
</p></dd></dl>
<dl class="first-deffn">
<dt class="deffn" id="index-_002ebd"><span class="category-def">Request: </span><span><strong class="def-name"><code class="t">.bd</code></strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">font [<span class="r"><i class="slanted">offset</i></span>]</var><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002ebd'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-bd"></a>
</dd><dt class="deffnx def-cmd-deffn" id="index-_002ebd-1"><span class="category-def">Request: </span><span><strong class="def-name"><code class="t">.bd</code></strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">font1 font2 [<span class="r"><i class="slanted">offset</i></span>]</var><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002ebd-1'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dt class="deffnx def-cmd-deffn" id="index-_005cn_005b_002eb_005d"><span class="category-def">Register: </span><span><strong class="def-name"><code class="t">\n[.b]</code></strong><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cn_005b_002eb_005d'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002eb"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-imitating-boldface-_0028bd_0029"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-boldface_002c-imitating-_0028bd_0029"></a>
<p>Embolden <var class="var">font</var> by overstriking its glyphs offset by <var class="var">offset</var>
units minus one.
</p>
<p>Two syntax forms are available.
</p>
<ul class="itemize mark-bullet">
<li>Imitate a bold font unconditionally. The first argument specifies the
font to embolden, and the second is the number of basic units, minus
one, by which the two glyphs are offset. If the second argument is
missing, emboldening is turned off.
<p><var class="var">font</var> can be either a non-negative font position or the name of a
font.
</p>
<p><var class="var">offset</var> is available in the <code class="code">.b</code> read-only register if a
special font is active; in the <code class="code">bd</code> request, its default unit is
‘<samp class="samp">u</samp>’.
</p>
</li><li><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-fspecial-request_002c-and-imitating-bold"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-special"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-embolding-of-special-fonts"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-special-fonts_002c-emboldening"></a>
Imitate a bold form conditionally. Embolden <var class="var">font1</var> by <var class="var">offset</var>
only if font <var class="var">font2</var> is the current font. This request can be
issued repeatedly to set up different emboldening values for different
current fonts. If the second argument is missing, emboldening is turned
off for this particular current font.
<p>This affects special fonts only (either set up with the <code class="code">special</code>
command in font files or with the <code class="code">fspecial</code> request).
</p></li></ul>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="first-deffn">
<dt class="deffn" id="index-_002ecs"><span class="category-def">Request: </span><span><strong class="def-name"><code class="t">.cs</code></strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">font [<span class="r"><i class="slanted">width</i></span> [<span class="r"><i class="slanted">em-size</i></span>]]</var><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002ecs'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-cs"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-constant-glyph-space-mode-_0028cs_0029"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-mode-for-constant-glyph-space-_0028cs_0029"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-glyph_002c-constant-space"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-ps-request_002c-and-constant-glyph-space-mode"></a>
<p>Switch to and from <em class="dfn">constant glyph space mode</em>. If activated, the
width of every glyph is <em class="math"><var class="var">width</var>/36</em> ems. The em size is given
absolutely by <var class="var">em-size</var>; if this argument is missing, the em value
is taken from the current font size (as set with the <code class="code">ps</code> request)
when the font is effectively in use. Without second and third argument,
constant glyph space mode is deactivated.
</p>
<p>Default scaling unit for <var class="var">em-size</var> is ‘<samp class="samp">z</samp>’; <var class="var">width</var> is an
integer.
</p></dd></dl>
</div>
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