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<title>Colors (The GNU Troff Manual)</title>
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<hr>
<h3 class="section" id="Colors-1">5.21 Colors</h3>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-colors"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-stroke-color"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-color_002c-stroke"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-fill-color"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-color_002c-fill"></a>
<p>GNU <code class="code">troff</code> supports color output with a variety of color spaces
and up to 16 bits per channel. Some devices, particularly terminals,
may be more limited. When color support is enabled, two colors are
current at any given time: the <em class="dfn">stroke color</em>, with which glyphs,
rules (lines), and geometric objects like circles and polygons are
drawn, and the <em class="dfn">fill color</em>, which can be used to paint the interior
of a closed geometric figure.
</p>
<dl class="first-deffn">
<dt class="deffn" id="index-_002ecolor"><span class="category-def">Request: </span><span><strong class="def-name"><code class="t">.color</code></strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">[<span class="r"><i class="slanted">n</i></span>]</var><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002ecolor'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-color"></a>
</dd><dt class="deffnx def-cmd-deffn" id="index-_005cn_005b_002ecolor_005d"><span class="category-def">Register: </span><span><strong class="def-name"><code class="t">\n[.color]</code></strong><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cn_005b_002ecolor_005d'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002ecolor-1"></a>
<p>If <var class="var">n</var> is missing or non-zero, enable the output of color-related
device-independent output commands (this is the default); otherwise,
disable them. This request sets a global flag; it does not produce an
input token (see <a class="pxref" href="Gtroff-Internals.html"><code class="code">gtroff</code> Internals</a>).
</p>
<p>The read-only register <code class="code">.color</code> is 1 if colors are enabled,
0 otherwise.
</p>
<p>Color can also be disabled with the <samp class="option">-c</samp> command-line option.
</p></dd></dl>
<dl class="first-deffn">
<dt class="deffn" id="index-_002edefcolor"><span class="category-def">Request: </span><span><strong class="def-name"><code class="t">.defcolor</code></strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">ident scheme color-component …</var><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002edefcolor'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-defcolor"></a>
<p>Define a color named <var class="var">ident</var>. <var class="var">scheme</var> selects a color space
and determines the quantity of required <var class="var">color-component</var>s; it must
be one of ‘<samp class="samp">rgb</samp>’ (three components), ‘<samp class="samp">cmy</samp>’ (three), ‘<samp class="samp">cmyk</samp>’
(four), or ‘<samp class="samp">gray</samp>’ (one). ‘<samp class="samp">grey</samp>’ is accepted as a synonym of
‘<samp class="samp">gray</samp>’. The color components can be encoded as a single
hexadecimal value starting with ‘<samp class="samp">#</samp>’ or ‘<samp class="samp">##</samp>’. The former
indicates that each component is in the range 0–255 (0–FF), the latter
the range 0–65,535 (0–FFFF).
</p>
<div class="example">
<div class="group"><pre class="example-preformatted">.defcolor half gray #7f
.defcolor pink rgb #FFC0CB
.defcolor magenta rgb ##ffff0000ffff
</pre></div></div>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-f-scaling-unit"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-unit_002c-scaling_002c-f"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-scaling-unit-f"></a>
<p>Alternatively, each color component can be specified as a decimal
fraction in the range 0–1, interpreted using a default scaling
unit of <code class="code">f</code>, which multiplies its value by 65,536 (but
clamps it at 65,535).
</p>
<div class="example">
<div class="group"><pre class="example-preformatted">.defcolor gray50 rgb 0.5 0.5 0.5
.defcolor darkgreen rgb 0.1f 0.5f 0.2f
</pre></div></div>
</dd></dl>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-default-color"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-color_002c-default"></a>
<p>Each output device has a color named ‘<samp class="samp">default</samp>’, which cannot be
redefined. A device’s default stroke and fill colors are not
necessarily the same. For the <code class="code">dvi</code>, <code class="code">html</code>, <code class="code">pdf</code>,
<code class="code">ps</code>, and <code class="code">xhtml</code> output devices, GNU <code class="code">troff</code>
automatically loads a macro file defining many color names at startup.
By the same mechanism, the devices supported by <code class="code">grotty</code> recognize
the eight standard ISO 6429/EMCA-48 color names.<a class="footnote" id="DOCF86" href="groff.html_fot.html#FOOT86"><sup>86</sup></a>
</p>
<dl class="first-deffn">
<dt class="deffn" id="index-_002egcolor"><span class="category-def">Request: </span><span><strong class="def-name"><code class="t">.gcolor</code></strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">[<span class="r"><i class="slanted">color</i></span>]</var><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002egcolor'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-gcolor"></a>
</dd><dt class="deffnx def-cmd-deffn" id="index-_005cmc"><span class="category-def">Escape sequence: </span><span><strong class="def-name"><code class="t">\m</code><span class="r"><i class="slanted">c</i></span><code class="t"></code></strong><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cmc'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cm"></a>
</dd><dt class="deffnx def-cmd-deffn" id="index-_005cm_0028co"><span class="category-def">Escape sequence: </span><span><strong class="def-name"><code class="t">\m(</code><span class="r"><i class="slanted">co</i></span><code class="t"></code></strong><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cm_0028co'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dt class="deffnx def-cmd-deffn" id="index-_005cm_005bcolor_005d"><span class="category-def">Escape sequence: </span><span><strong class="def-name"><code class="t">\m[</code><span class="r"><i class="slanted">color</i></span><code class="t">]</code></strong><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cm_005bcolor_005d'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dt class="deffnx def-cmd-deffn" id="index-_005cn_005b_002em_005d"><span class="category-def">Register: </span><span><strong class="def-name"><code class="t">\n[.m]</code></strong><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cn_005b_002em_005d'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002em"></a>
<p>Set the stroke color to <var class="var">color</var>.
</p>
<div class="example">
<div class="group"><pre class="example-preformatted">.gcolor red
The next words
.gcolor
\m[red]are in red\m[]
and these words are in the previous color.
</pre></div></div>
<p>The escape sequence <code class="code">\m[]</code> restores the previous stroke color, as
does a <code class="code">gcolor</code> request without an argument.
</p>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-stroke-color-name-register-_0028_002em_0029"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-name_002c-stroke-color_002c-register-_0028_002em_0029"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-color-name_002c-stroke_002c-register-_0028_002em_0029"></a>
<p>The name of the current stroke color is available in the read-only
string-valued register ‘<samp class="samp">.m</samp>’; it is associated with the environment
(see <a class="pxref" href="Environments.html">Environments</a>). It interpolates nothing when the stroke color
is the default.
</p>
<p><code class="code">\m</code> doesn’t produce an input token in GNU <code class="code">troff</code>
(see <a class="pxref" href="Gtroff-Internals.html"><code class="code">gtroff</code> Internals</a>). It therefore can be used in requests like
<code class="code">mc</code> (which expects a single character as an argument) to change
the color on the fly:
</p>
<div class="example">
<div class="group"><pre class="example-preformatted">.mc \m[red]x\m[]
</pre></div></div>
</dd></dl>
<dl class="first-deffn">
<dt class="deffn" id="index-_002efcolor"><span class="category-def">Request: </span><span><strong class="def-name"><code class="t">.fcolor</code></strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">[<span class="r"><i class="slanted">color</i></span>]</var><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002efcolor'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-fcolor"></a>
</dd><dt class="deffnx def-cmd-deffn" id="index-_005cMc"><span class="category-def">Escape sequence: </span><span><strong class="def-name"><code class="t">\M</code><span class="r"><i class="slanted">c</i></span><code class="t"></code></strong><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cMc'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_005cM"></a>
</dd><dt class="deffnx def-cmd-deffn" id="index-_005cM_0028co"><span class="category-def">Escape sequence: </span><span><strong class="def-name"><code class="t">\M(</code><span class="r"><i class="slanted">co</i></span><code class="t"></code></strong><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cM_0028co'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dt class="deffnx def-cmd-deffn" id="index-_005cM_005bcolor_005d"><span class="category-def">Escape sequence: </span><span><strong class="def-name"><code class="t">\M[</code><span class="r"><i class="slanted">color</i></span><code class="t">]</code></strong><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cM_005bcolor_005d'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dt class="deffnx def-cmd-deffn" id="index-_005cn_005b_002eM_005d"><span class="category-def">Register: </span><span><strong class="def-name"><code class="t">\n[.M]</code></strong><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_005cn_005b_002eM_005d'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-_002eM"></a>
<p>Set the fill color for objects drawn with <code class="code">\D'…'</code> escape
sequences. The escape sequence <code class="code">\M[]</code> restores the previous fill
color, as does an <code class="code">fcolor</code> request without an argument.
</p>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-background-color-name-register-_0028_002eM_0029"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-name_002c-background-color_002c-register-_0028_002eM_0029"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-color-name_002c-background_002c-register-_0028_002eM_0029"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-fill-color-name-register-_0028_002eM_0029"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-name_002c-fill-color_002c-register-_0028_002eM_0029"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-color-name_002c-fill_002c-register-_0028_002eM_0029"></a>
<p>The name of the current fill color is available in the read-only
string-valued register ‘<samp class="samp">.M</samp>’; it is associated with the environment
(see <a class="pxref" href="Environments.html">Environments</a>). It interpolates nothing when the fill color
is the default. <code class="code">\M</code> doesn’t produce an input token in GNU
<code class="code">troff</code>.
</p>
<p>Create an ellipse with a red interior as follows.
</p>
<div class="example">
<div class="group"><pre class="example-preformatted">\M[red]\h'0.5i'\D'E 2i 1i'\M[]
</pre></div></div>
</dd></dl>
</div>
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