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<hr>
<h3 class="section" id="Options">2.1 Options</h3>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-options"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-groff"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-gtroff"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-gpic"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-geqn"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-ggrn"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-grap"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-gtbl"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-gchem"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-grefer"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-gsoelim"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-preconv"></a>
<p><code class="code">groff</code> normally runs the <code class="code">gtroff</code> program and a
postprocessor appropriate for the selected device. The default device
is ‘<samp class="samp">ps</samp>’ (but it can be changed when <code class="code">groff</code> is configured and
built). It can optionally preprocess with any of <code class="code">gpic</code>,
<code class="code">geqn</code>, <code class="code">gtbl</code>, <code class="code">ggrn</code>, <code class="code">grap</code>, <code class="code">gchem</code>,
<code class="code">grefer</code>, <code class="code">gsoelim</code>, or <code class="code">preconv</code>.
</p>
<p>This section documents only options to the <code class="code">groff</code> front end. Many
of the arguments to <code class="code">groff</code> are passed on to <code class="code">gtroff</code>;
therefore, those are also included. Arguments to preprocessors and
output drivers can be found in the man pages <cite class="cite">gpic<span class="r">(1)</span></cite>,
<cite class="cite">geqn<span class="r">(1)</span></cite>, <cite class="cite">gtbl<span class="r">(1)</span></cite>, <cite class="cite">ggrn<span class="r">(1)</span></cite>,
<cite class="cite">grefer<span class="r">(1)</span></cite>, <cite class="cite">gchem<span class="r">(1)</span></cite>, <cite class="cite">gsoelim<span class="r">(1)</span></cite>,
<cite class="cite">preconv<span class="r">(1)</span></cite>, <cite class="cite">grotty<span class="r">(1)</span></cite>, <cite class="cite">grops<span class="r">(1)</span></cite>,
<cite class="cite">gropdf<span class="r">(1)</span></cite>, <cite class="cite">grohtml<span class="r">(1)</span></cite>, <cite class="cite">grodvi<span class="r">(1)</span></cite>,
<cite class="cite">grolj4<span class="r">(1)</span></cite>, <cite class="cite">grolbp<span class="r">(1)</span></cite>, and <cite class="cite">gxditview<span class="r">(1)</span></cite>.
</p>
<p>The command-line format for <code class="code">groff</code> is:
</p>
<div class="example">
<div class="group"><pre class="example-preformatted">groff [ -abceghijklpstvzCEGNRSUVXZ ] [ -d<var class="var">cs</var> ] [ -D<var class="var">arg</var> ]
[ -f<var class="var">fam</var> ] [ -F<var class="var">dir</var> ] [ -I<var class="var">dir</var> ] [ -K<var class="var">arg</var> ]
[ -L<var class="var">arg</var> ] [ -m<var class="var">name</var> ] [ -M<var class="var">dir</var> ] [ -n<var class="var">num</var> ]
[ -o<var class="var">list</var> ] [ -P<var class="var">arg</var> ] [ -r<var class="var">cn</var> ] [ -T<var class="var">dev</var> ]
[ -w<var class="var">name</var> ] [ -W<var class="var">name</var> ] [ <var class="var">files</var>… ]
</pre></div></div>
<p>The command-line format for <code class="code">gtroff</code> is as follows.
</p>
<div class="example">
<div class="group"><pre class="example-preformatted">gtroff [ -abcivzCERU ] [ -d<var class="var">cs</var> ] [ -f<var class="var">fam</var> ] [ -F<var class="var">dir</var> ]
[ -m<var class="var">name</var> ] [ -M<var class="var">dir</var> ] [ -n<var class="var">num</var> ] [ -o<var class="var">list</var> ]
[ -r<var class="var">cn</var> ] [ -T<var class="var">name</var> ] [ -w<var class="var">name</var> ] [ -W<var class="var">name</var> ]
[ <var class="var">files</var>… ]
</pre></div></div>
<p>Obviously, many of the options to <code class="code">groff</code> are actually passed on to
<code class="code">gtroff</code>.
</p>
<p>Options without an argument can be grouped behind a
single <samp class="option">-</samp>. A filename of <samp class="file">-</samp> denotes the
standard input. Whitespace is permitted between an option and its
argument.
</p>
<p>The <code class="code">grog</code> command can be used to guess the correct <code class="code">groff</code>
command to format a file. See its man page <cite class="cite">grog<span class="r">(1)</span></cite>; type
‘<samp class="samp">man grog</samp>’ at the command line to view it.
</p>
<p><code class="command">groff</code>’s command-line options are as follows.
</p>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-command_002dline-options"></a>
<dl class="table">
<dt id='index-plain-text-approximation-output-register-_0028_002eA_0029'><span>‘<samp class="samp">-a</samp>’<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-plain-text-approximation-output-register-_0028_002eA_0029'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Generate a plain text approximation of the typeset output. The
read-only register <code class="code">.A</code> is set to 1. See <a class="xref" href="Built_002din-Registers.html">Built-in Registers</a>. This option produces a sort of abstract preview of the
formatted output.
</p>
<ul class="itemize mark-bullet">
<li>Page breaks are marked by a phrase in angle brackets; for example,
‘<samp class="samp"><beginning of page></samp>’.
</li><li>Lines are broken where they would be in the formatted output.
</li><li>A horizontal motion of any size is represented as one space. Adjacent
horizontal motions are not combined. Inter-sentence space nodes (those
arising from the second argument to the <code class="code">ss</code> request) are not
represented.
</li><li>Vertical motions are not represented.
</li><li>Special characters are rendered in angle brackets; for example, the
default soft hyphen character appears as ‘<samp class="samp"><hy></samp>’.
</li></ul>
<p>The above description should not be considered a specification; the
details of <samp class="option">-a</samp> output are subject to change.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp class="samp">-b</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Write a backtrace reporting the state of <code class="command">gtroff</code>’s input parser
to the standard error stream with each diagnostic message. The line
numbers given in the backtrace might not always be correct, because
<code class="command">gtroff</code>’s idea of line numbers can be confused by requests that
append to
macros.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp class="samp">-c</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Start with color output disabled.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp class="samp">-C</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Enable AT&T <code class="command">troff</code> compatibility mode; implies <samp class="option">-c</samp>.
See <a class="xref" href="Implementation-Differences.html">Implementation Differences</a>, for the list of incompatibilities
between <code class="command">groff</code> and <abbr class="acronym">AT&T</abbr> <code class="command">troff</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp class="samp">-d<var class="var">c</var><var class="var">text</var></samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp class="samp">-d<var class="var">string</var>=<var class="var">text</var></samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Define <code class="code">roff</code> string <var class="var">c</var> or <var class="var">string</var> as <var class="var">t</var> or
<var class="var">text</var>. <var class="var">c</var> must be one character; <var class="var">string</var> can be
of arbitrary length. Such string assignments happen before any macro
file is loaded, including the startup file. Due to <code class="code">getopt_long</code>
limitations, <var class="var">c</var> cannot be, and <var class="var">string</var> cannot contain, an
equals sign, even though that is a valid character in a <code class="code">roff</code>
identifier.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp class="samp">-D<var class="var">enc</var></samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Set fallback input encoding used by <code class="command">preconv</code> to <var class="var">enc</var>;
implies <samp class="option">-k</samp>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp class="samp">-e</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Run <code class="command">geqn</code> preprocessor.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp class="samp">-E</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Inhibit <code class="command">gtroff</code> error messages. This option does <em class="emph">not</em>
suppress messages sent to the standard error stream by documents or
macro packages using <code class="code">tm</code> or related requests.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp class="samp">-f<var class="var">fam</var></samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Use <var class="var">fam</var> as the default font family. See <a class="xref" href="Font-Families.html">Font Families</a>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp class="samp">-F<var class="var">dir</var></samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Search in directory <samp class="file"><var class="var">dir</var></samp> for the selected output device’s
directory of device and font description files. See the description of
<code class="env">GROFF_FONT_PATH</code> in <a class="ref" href="Environment.html">Environment</a> below for the default search
locations and ordering.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp class="samp">-g</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Run <code class="command">ggrn</code> preprocessor.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp class="samp">-G</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Run <code class="command">grap</code> preprocessor; implies <samp class="option">-p</samp>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp class="samp">-h</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Display a usage message and exit.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp class="samp">-i</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Read the standard input after all the named input files have been
processed.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp class="samp">-I<var class="var">dir</var></samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Search the directory <var class="var">dir</var> for files named in several contexts;
implies <samp class="option">-g</samp> and <samp class="option">-s</samp>.
</p>
<ul class="itemize mark-bullet">
<li><code class="command">gsoelim</code> replaces <code class="code">so</code> requests with the contents of their
file name arguments.
</li><li><code class="command">gtroff</code> searches for files named as operands in its command
line and as arguments to <code class="code">psbb</code>, <code class="code">so</code>, and <code class="code">soquiet</code>
requests.
</li><li>Output drivers may search for files; for instance, <code class="command">grops</code> looks
for files named in ‘<samp class="samp">\X'ps: import <span class="r">…</span>'</samp>’, ‘<samp class="samp">\X'ps: file
<span class="r">…</span>'</samp>’, and ‘<samp class="samp">\X'pdf: pdfpic <span class="r">…</span>'</samp>’ device control
escape sequences.
</li></ul>
<p>This option may be specified more than once; the directories are
searched in the order specified. If you want to search the current
directory before others, add ‘<samp class="samp">-I .</samp>’ at the desired place. The
current working directory is otherwise searched last. <samp class="option">-I</samp> works
similarly to, and is named for, the “include” option of Unix C
compilers.
</p>
<p><samp class="option">-I</samp> options are passed to <code class="command">gsoelim</code>, <code class="command">gtroff</code>,
and output drivers; with the flag letter changed to <samp class="option">-M</samp>, they
are also passed to <code class="command">ggrn</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp class="samp">-j</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Run <code class="command">gchem</code> preprocessor. Implies <samp class="option">-p</samp>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp class="samp">-k</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Run <code class="command">preconv</code> preprocessor. Refer to its man page for its
behavior if neither of <code class="command">groff</code>’s <samp class="option">-K</samp> or <samp class="option">-D</samp>
options is also specified.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp class="samp">-K<var class="var">enc</var></samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Set input encoding used by <code class="command">preconv</code> to <var class="var">enc</var>; implies
<samp class="option">-k</samp>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp class="samp">-l</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Send the output to a spooler for printing. The <code class="code">print</code> directive
in the device description file specifies the default command to be used;
see <a class="ref" href="Device-and-Font-Description-Files.html">Device and Font Description Files</a>.
See options <samp class="option">-L</samp> and <samp class="option">-X</samp>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp class="samp">-L<var class="var">arg</var></samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Pass <var class="var">arg</var> to the print spooler program. If multiple <var class="var">arg</var>s are
required, pass each with a separate <samp class="option">-L</samp> option. <code class="command">groff</code>
does not prefix an option dash to <var class="var">arg</var> before passing it to the
spooler program.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp class="samp">-m<var class="var">name</var></samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Process the file <samp class="file"><var class="var">name</var>.tmac</samp> prior to any input files.
If not found, <samp class="file">tmac.<var class="var">name</var></samp> is attempted. <var class="var">name</var>
(in both arrangements) is presumed to be a macro file; see the
description of <code class="env">GROFF_TMAC_PATH</code> in <a class="ref" href="Environment.html">Environment</a> below for the
default search locations and ordering. This option and its argument are
also passed to <code class="command">geqn</code>, <code class="command">grap</code>, and <code class="command">ggrn</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp class="samp">-M<var class="var">dir</var></samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Search directory <samp class="file"><var class="var">dir</var></samp> for macro files; see the description
of <code class="env">GROFF_TMAC_PATH</code> in <a class="ref" href="Environment.html">Environment</a> below for the default
search locations and ordering. This option and its argument are also
passed to <code class="command">geqn</code>, <code class="command">grap</code>, and <code class="command">ggrn</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp class="samp">-n<var class="var">num</var></samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Number the first page <var class="var">num</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp class="samp">-N</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Prohibit newlines between <code class="code">eqn</code> delimiters: pass <samp class="option">-N</samp> to
<code class="command">geqn</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt id='index-print-current-page-register-_0028_002eP_0029'><span>‘<samp class="samp">-o<var class="var">list</var></samp>’<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-print-current-page-register-_0028_002eP_0029'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><p>Output only pages in <var class="var">list</var>, which is a comma-separated list of page
ranges; ‘<samp class="samp"><var class="var">n</var></samp>’ means page <var class="var">n</var>, ‘<samp class="samp"><var class="var">m</var>-<var class="var">n</var></samp>’
means every page between <var class="var">m</var> and <var class="var">n</var>, ‘<samp class="samp">-<var class="var">n</var></samp>’ means
every page up to <var class="var">n</var>, ‘<samp class="samp"><var class="var">n</var>-</samp>’ means every page from
<var class="var">n</var> on. <code class="command">gtroff</code> stops processing and exits after
formatting the last page enumerated in <var class="var">list</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp class="samp">-p</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Run <code class="command">gpic</code> preprocessor.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp class="samp">-P<var class="var">arg</var></samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Pass <var class="var">arg</var> to the postprocessor. If multiple <var class="var">arg</var>s are
required, pass each with a separate <samp class="option">-P</samp> option. <code class="command">groff</code>
does not prefix an option dash to <var class="var">arg</var> before passing it to the
postprocessor.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp class="samp">-r<var class="var">c</var><var class="var">numeric-expression</var></samp>’</dt>
<dt>‘<samp class="samp">-r<var class="var">register</var>=<var class="var">expr</var></samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Set <code class="code">roff</code> register <var class="var">c</var> or <var class="var">register</var> to the value
<var class="var">numeric-expression</var> (see <a class="pxref" href="Numeric-Expressions.html">Numeric Expressions</a>).
<var class="var">c</var> must be one character; <var class="var">register</var> can be of arbitrary
length. Such register assignments happen before any macro file is
loaded, including the startup file. Due to <code class="code">getopt_long</code>
limitations, <var class="var">c</var> cannot be, and <var class="var">register</var> cannot contain,
an equals sign, even though that is a valid character in a <code class="code">roff</code>
identifier.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp class="samp">-R</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Run <code class="command">grefer</code> preprocessor. No mechanism is provided for passing
arguments to <code class="command">grefer</code> because most <code class="command">grefer</code> options have
equivalent language elements that can be specified within the document.
</p>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-troffrc"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-troffrc_002dend"></a>
<p><code class="command">gtroff</code> also accepts a <samp class="option">-R</samp> option, which is not
accessible via <code class="command">groff</code>. This option prevents the loading of the
<samp class="file">troffrc</samp> and <samp class="file">troffrc-end</samp> files.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp class="samp">-s</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Run <code class="command">gsoelim</code> preprocessor.
</p>
</dd>
<dt id='index-open-request_002c-and-safer-mode'><span>‘<samp class="samp">-S</samp>’<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-open-request_002c-and-safer-mode'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-opena-request_002c-and-safer-mode"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-pso-request_002c-and-safer-mode"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-sy-request_002c-and-safer-mode"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-pi-request_002c-and-safer-mode"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-safer-mode"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-mode_002c-safer"></a>
<p>Operate in “safer” mode; see <samp class="option">-U</samp> below for its opposite. For
security reasons, safer mode is enabled by default.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp class="samp">-t</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Run <code class="command">gtbl</code> preprocessor.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp class="samp">-T<var class="var">dev</var></samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Direct <code class="command">gtroff</code> to format the input for the output device
<var class="var">dev</var>. <code class="command">groff</code> then calls an output driver to convert
<code class="command">gtroff</code>’s output to a form appropriate for <var class="var">dev</var>. The
following output devices are available.
</p>
<dl class="table">
<dt><code class="code">ps</code></dt>
<dd><p>For PostScript printers and previewers.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code class="code">pdf</code></dt>
<dd><p>For <abbr class="acronym">PDF</abbr> viewers or printers.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code class="code">dvi</code></dt>
<dd><p>For TeX DVI format.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code class="code">X75</code></dt>
<dd><p>For a 75<span class="dmn">dpi</span> X11 previewer.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code class="code">X75-12</code></dt>
<dd><p>For a 75<span class="dmn">dpi</span> X11 previewer with a 12-point base font in the
document.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code class="code">X100</code></dt>
<dd><p>For a 100<span class="dmn">dpi</span> X11 previewer.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code class="code">X100-12</code></dt>
<dd><p>For a 100<span class="dmn">dpi</span> X11 previewer with a 12-point base font in the
document.
</p>
</dd>
<dt id='index-encoding_002c-output_002c-ASCII'><span><code class="code">ascii</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-encoding_002c-output_002c-ASCII'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-encoding_002c-output_002c-ISO-646"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-ASCII-output-encoding"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-ISO-646-output-encoding"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-output-encoding_002c-ASCII"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-output-encoding_002c-ISO-646"></a>
<p>For typewriter-like devices using the (7-bit) <abbr class="acronym">ASCII</abbr>
(ISO 646) character set.
</p>
</dd>
<dt id='index-encoding_002c-output_002c-Latin_002d1-_0028ISO-8859_002d1_0029'><span><code class="code">latin1</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-encoding_002c-output_002c-Latin_002d1-_0028ISO-8859_002d1_0029'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-Latin_002d1-_0028ISO-8859_002d1_0029-output-encoding"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-ISO-8859_002d1-_0028Latin_002d1_0029-output-encoding"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-output-encoding_002c-Latin_002d1-_0028ISO-8859_002d1_0029"></a>
<p>For typewriter-like devices that support the <span class="w-nolinebreak-text">Latin-1</span><!-- /@w -->
(ISO <span class="w-nolinebreak-text">8859-1</span><!-- /@w -->) character set.
</p>
</dd>
<dt id='index-encoding_002c-output_002c-UTF_002d8'><span><code class="code">utf8</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-encoding_002c-output_002c-UTF_002d8'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-UTF_002d8-output-encoding"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-output-encoding_002c-UTF_002d8"></a>
<p>For typewriter-like devices that use the Unicode (ISO 10646)
character set with <span class="w-nolinebreak-text">UTF-8</span><!-- /@w --> encoding.
</p>
</dd>
<dt id='index-encoding_002c-output_002c-EBCDIC'><span><code class="code">cp1047</code><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-encoding_002c-output_002c-EBCDIC'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-EBCDIC-output-encoding"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-output-encoding_002c-EBCDIC"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-encoding_002c-output_002c-code-page-1047"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-code-page-1047-output-encoding"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-output-encoding_002c-code-page-1047"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-IBM-code-page-1047-output-encoding"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-CCSID-1047-output-encoding-_0028EBCDIC_0029"></a>
<p>For typewriter-like devices that use the <abbr class="acronym">EBCDIC</abbr> encoding IBM
code page 1047.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code class="code">lj4</code></dt>
<dd><p>For HP LaserJet4-compatible (or other PCL5-compatible) printers.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code class="code">lbp</code></dt>
<dd><p>For Canon <abbr class="acronym">CaPSL</abbr> printers (<span class="w-nolinebreak-text">LBP-4</span><!-- /@w --> and <span class="w-nolinebreak-text">LBP-8</span><!-- /@w --> series laser
printers).
</p>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-pre_002dgrohtml"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-post_002dgrohtml"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-grohtml_002c-the-program"></a>
</dd>
<dt><code class="code">html</code></dt>
<dt><code class="code">xhtml</code></dt>
<dd><p>To produce <abbr class="acronym">HTML</abbr> and <abbr class="acronym">XHTML</abbr> output, respectively.
This driver consists of two parts, a preprocessor
(<code class="command">pre-grohtml</code>) and a postprocessor (<code class="command">post-grohtml</code>).
</p></dd>
</dl>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-output-device-name-string-_0028_002eT_0029"></a>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-output-device-usage-register-_0028_002eT_0029"></a>
<p>The predefined GNU <code class="code">troff</code> string <code class="code">.T</code> contains the name of
the output device; the read-only register <code class="code">.T</code> is set to 1 if
this option is used (which is always true if <code class="command">groff</code> is used to
call GNU <code class="command">troff</code>). See <a class="xref" href="Built_002din-Registers.html">Built-in Registers</a>.
</p>
<p>The postprocessor to be used for a device is specified by the
<code class="code">postpro</code> command in the device description file. (See <a class="xref" href="Device-and-Font-Description-Files.html">Device and Font Description Files</a>.) This can be overridden with the
<samp class="option">-X</samp> option.
</p>
</dd>
<dt id='index-mode_002c-unsafe'><span>‘<samp class="samp">-U</samp>’<a class="copiable-link" href='#index-mode_002c-unsafe'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-unsafe-mode"></a>
<p>Operate in <em class="dfn">unsafe mode</em>, which enables the <code class="code">open</code>,
<code class="code">opena</code>, <code class="code">pi</code>, <code class="code">pso</code>, and <code class="code">sy</code> requests. These
requests are disabled by default because they allow an untrusted input
document to write to arbitrary file names and run arbitrary commands.
This option also adds the current directory to the macro package search
path; see the <samp class="option">-m</samp> option above. <samp class="option">-U</samp> is passed to
<code class="command">gpic</code> and <code class="command">gtroff</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp class="samp">-v</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Write version information for <code class="command">groff</code> and all programs run by it
to the standard output stream; that is, the given command line is
processed in the usual way, passing <samp class="option">-v</samp> to the formatter and any
pre- or postprocessors invoked.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp class="samp">-V</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Output the pipeline that would be run by <code class="command">groff</code>
(as a wrapper program) to the standard output stream, but do not execute
it. If given more than once, the pipeline is both written to the
standard error stream and run.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp class="samp">-w<var class="var">category</var></samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Enable warnings in <var class="var">category</var>. Categories are listed in
<a class="ref" href="Warnings.html">Warnings</a>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp class="samp">-W<var class="var">category</var></samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Inhibit warnings in <var class="var">category</var>. Categories are listed in
<a class="ref" href="Warnings.html">Warnings</a>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp class="samp">-X</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Use <code class="command">gxditview</code> instead of the usual postprocessor to (pre)view
a document on an X11 display. Combining this option with
<samp class="option">-Tps</samp> uses the font metrics of the PostScript device, whereas
the <samp class="option">-TX75</samp> and <samp class="option">-TX100</samp> options use the metrics of X11
fonts.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp class="samp">-z</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Suppress formatted output from <code class="command">gtroff</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>‘<samp class="samp">-Z</samp>’</dt>
<dd><p>Disable postprocessing. <code class="command">gtroff</code> output will appear on the
standard output stream (unless suppressed with <samp class="option">-z</samp>; see
<a class="ref" href="gtroff-Output.html"><code class="code">gtroff</code> Output</a> for a description of this format.
</p></dd>
</dl>
</div>
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