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<h4 class="subsubsection" id="Paragraphs-2">4.6.5.3 Paragraphs</h4>
<a class="index-entry-id" id="index-ms-macros_002c-paragraph-handling"></a>
<p>Paragraphing macros <em class="dfn">break</em>, or terminate, any pending output line
so that a new paragraph can begin. Several paragraph types are
available, differing in how indentation applies to them: to left, right,
or both margins; to the first output line of the paragraph, all output
lines, or all but the first. All paragraphing macro calls cause the
insertion of vertical space in the amount stored in the <code class="code">PD</code>
register, except at page or column breaks. Alternatively, a blank input
line breaks the output line and vertically spaces by one vee.
</p>
<dl class="first-deffn first-defmac-alias-first-deffn">
<dt class="deffn defmac-alias-deffn" id="index-_002eLP"><span class="category-def">Macro: </span><span><strong class="def-name"><code class="t">.LP</code></strong><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002eLP'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-LP-_005bms_005d"></a>
<p>Set a paragraph without any (additional) indentation.
</p></dd></dl>
<dl class="first-deffn first-defmac-alias-first-deffn">
<dt class="deffn defmac-alias-deffn" id="index-_002ePP"><span class="category-def">Macro: </span><span><strong class="def-name"><code class="t">.PP</code></strong><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002ePP'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-PP-_005bms_005d"></a>
<p>Set a paragraph with a first-line left indentation in the amount stored
in the <code class="code">PI</code> register.
</p></dd></dl>
<dl class="first-deffn first-defmac-alias-first-deffn">
<dt class="deffn defmac-alias-deffn" id="index-_002eIP"><span class="category-def">Macro: </span><span><strong class="def-name"><code class="t">.IP</code></strong> <var class="def-var-arguments">[<span class="r"><i class="slanted">marker</i></span> [<span class="r"><i class="slanted">width</i></span>]]</var><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002eIP'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-IP-_005bms_005d"></a>
<p>Set a paragraph with a left indentation. The optional <var class="var">marker</var> is
not indented and is empty by default. It has several applications;
see <a class="ref" href="Lists-in-ms.html">Lists</a>. <var class="var">width</var> overrides the indentation amount
stored in the <code class="code">PI</code> register; its default unit is ‘<samp class="samp">n</samp>’. Once
specified, <var class="var">width</var> applies to further <code class="code">IP</code> calls until
specified again or a heading or different paragraphing macro is called.
</p></dd></dl>
<dl class="first-deffn first-defmac-alias-first-deffn">
<dt class="deffn defmac-alias-deffn" id="index-_002eQP"><span class="category-def">Macro: </span><span><strong class="def-name"><code class="t">.QP</code></strong><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002eQP'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-QP-_005bms_005d"></a>
<p>Set a paragraph indented from both left and right margins by the amount
stored in the <code class="code">QI</code> register.
</p></dd></dl>
<dl class="first-deffn first-defmac-alias-first-deffn">
<dt class="deffn defmac-alias-deffn" id="index-_002eQS"><span class="category-def">Macro: </span><span><strong class="def-name"><code class="t">.QS</code></strong><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002eQS'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-QS-_005bms_005d"></a>
</dd><dt class="deffnx defmacx-alias-deffnx def-cmd-deffn" id="index-_002eQE"><span class="category-def">Macro: </span><span><strong class="def-name"><code class="t">.QE</code></strong><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002eQE'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-QE-_005bms_005d"></a>
<p>Begin (<code class="code">QS</code>) and end (<code class="code">QE</code>) a region where each paragraph is
indented from both margins by the amount stored in the <code class="code">QI</code>
register. The text between <code class="code">QS</code> and <code class="code">QE</code> can be structured
further by use of other paragraphing macros.
</p></dd></dl>
<dl class="first-deffn first-defmac-alias-first-deffn">
<dt class="deffn defmac-alias-deffn" id="index-_002eXP"><span class="category-def">Macro: </span><span><strong class="def-name"><code class="t">.XP</code></strong><a class="copiable-link" href='#index-_002eXP'> ¶</a></span></dt>
<dd><a class="index-entry-id" id="index-XP-_005bms_005d"></a>
<p>Set an “exdented” paragraph—one with a left indentation in the
amount stored in the <code class="code">PI</code> register on every line <em class="emph">except</em> the
first (also known as a hanging indent). This is a Berkeley extension.
</p></dd></dl>
<p>The following example illustrates the use of paragraphing macros.
</p>
<table class="cartouche" border="1"><tr><td>
<div class="example">
<pre class="example-preformatted">.NH 2
Cases used in the 2001 study
.LP
Two software releases were considered for this report.
.PP
The first is commercial software;
the second is free.
.IP \[bu]
Microsoft Word for Windows,
starting with version 1.0 through the current version
(Word 2000).
.IP \[bu]
GNU Emacs,
from its first appearance as a standalone editor through
the current version (v20).
See [Bloggs 2002] for details.
.QP
Franklin's Law applied to software:
software expands to outgrow both RAM and disk space over
time.
.SH
Bibliography
.XP
Bloggs, Joseph R.,
.I "Everyone's a Critic" ,
Underground Press, March 2002.
A definitive work that answers all questions and
criticisms about the quality and usability of free
software.
</pre></div>
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