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authorDaniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>2024-05-18 17:40:19 +0000
committerDaniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>2024-05-18 17:40:19 +0000
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tree35f8be3ef04506ac891ad001e8c41e535ae8d01d /Documentation/riscv/vm-layout.rst
parentReleasing progress-linux version 6.6.15-2~progress7.99u1. (diff)
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Merging upstream version 6.7.7.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>
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-.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
-
-=====================================
-Virtual Memory Layout on RISC-V Linux
-=====================================
-
-:Author: Alexandre Ghiti <alex@ghiti.fr>
-:Date: 12 February 2021
-
-This document describes the virtual memory layout used by the RISC-V Linux
-Kernel.
-
-RISC-V Linux Kernel 32bit
-=========================
-
-RISC-V Linux Kernel SV32
-------------------------
-
-TODO
-
-RISC-V Linux Kernel 64bit
-=========================
-
-The RISC-V privileged architecture document states that the 64bit addresses
-"must have bits 63–48 all equal to bit 47, or else a page-fault exception will
-occur.": that splits the virtual address space into 2 halves separated by a very
-big hole, the lower half is where the userspace resides, the upper half is where
-the RISC-V Linux Kernel resides.
-
-RISC-V Linux Kernel SV39
-------------------------
-
-::
-
- ========================================================================================================================
- Start addr | Offset | End addr | Size | VM area description
- ========================================================================================================================
- | | | |
- 0000000000000000 | 0 | 0000003fffffffff | 256 GB | user-space virtual memory, different per mm
- __________________|____________|__________________|_________|___________________________________________________________
- | | | |
- 0000004000000000 | +256 GB | ffffffbfffffffff | ~16M TB | ... huge, almost 64 bits wide hole of non-canonical
- | | | | virtual memory addresses up to the -256 GB
- | | | | starting offset of kernel mappings.
- __________________|____________|__________________|_________|___________________________________________________________
- |
- | Kernel-space virtual memory, shared between all processes:
- ____________________________________________________________|___________________________________________________________
- | | | |
- ffffffc6fea00000 | -228 GB | ffffffc6feffffff | 6 MB | fixmap
- ffffffc6ff000000 | -228 GB | ffffffc6ffffffff | 16 MB | PCI io
- ffffffc700000000 | -228 GB | ffffffc7ffffffff | 4 GB | vmemmap
- ffffffc800000000 | -224 GB | ffffffd7ffffffff | 64 GB | vmalloc/ioremap space
- ffffffd800000000 | -160 GB | fffffff6ffffffff | 124 GB | direct mapping of all physical memory
- fffffff700000000 | -36 GB | fffffffeffffffff | 32 GB | kasan
- __________________|____________|__________________|_________|____________________________________________________________
- |
- |
- ____________________________________________________________|____________________________________________________________
- | | | |
- ffffffff00000000 | -4 GB | ffffffff7fffffff | 2 GB | modules, BPF
- ffffffff80000000 | -2 GB | ffffffffffffffff | 2 GB | kernel
- __________________|____________|__________________|_________|____________________________________________________________
-
-
-RISC-V Linux Kernel SV48
-------------------------
-
-::
-
- ========================================================================================================================
- Start addr | Offset | End addr | Size | VM area description
- ========================================================================================================================
- | | | |
- 0000000000000000 | 0 | 00007fffffffffff | 128 TB | user-space virtual memory, different per mm
- __________________|____________|__________________|_________|___________________________________________________________
- | | | |
- 0000800000000000 | +128 TB | ffff7fffffffffff | ~16M TB | ... huge, almost 64 bits wide hole of non-canonical
- | | | | virtual memory addresses up to the -128 TB
- | | | | starting offset of kernel mappings.
- __________________|____________|__________________|_________|___________________________________________________________
- |
- | Kernel-space virtual memory, shared between all processes:
- ____________________________________________________________|___________________________________________________________
- | | | |
- ffff8d7ffea00000 | -114.5 TB | ffff8d7ffeffffff | 6 MB | fixmap
- ffff8d7fff000000 | -114.5 TB | ffff8d7fffffffff | 16 MB | PCI io
- ffff8d8000000000 | -114.5 TB | ffff8f7fffffffff | 2 TB | vmemmap
- ffff8f8000000000 | -112.5 TB | ffffaf7fffffffff | 32 TB | vmalloc/ioremap space
- ffffaf8000000000 | -80.5 TB | ffffef7fffffffff | 64 TB | direct mapping of all physical memory
- ffffef8000000000 | -16.5 TB | fffffffeffffffff | 16.5 TB | kasan
- __________________|____________|__________________|_________|____________________________________________________________
- |
- | Identical layout to the 39-bit one from here on:
- ____________________________________________________________|____________________________________________________________
- | | | |
- ffffffff00000000 | -4 GB | ffffffff7fffffff | 2 GB | modules, BPF
- ffffffff80000000 | -2 GB | ffffffffffffffff | 2 GB | kernel
- __________________|____________|__________________|_________|____________________________________________________________
-
-
-RISC-V Linux Kernel SV57
-------------------------
-
-::
-
- ========================================================================================================================
- Start addr | Offset | End addr | Size | VM area description
- ========================================================================================================================
- | | | |
- 0000000000000000 | 0 | 00ffffffffffffff | 64 PB | user-space virtual memory, different per mm
- __________________|____________|__________________|_________|___________________________________________________________
- | | | |
- 0100000000000000 | +64 PB | feffffffffffffff | ~16K PB | ... huge, almost 64 bits wide hole of non-canonical
- | | | | virtual memory addresses up to the -64 PB
- | | | | starting offset of kernel mappings.
- __________________|____________|__________________|_________|___________________________________________________________
- |
- | Kernel-space virtual memory, shared between all processes:
- ____________________________________________________________|___________________________________________________________
- | | | |
- ff1bfffffea00000 | -57 PB | ff1bfffffeffffff | 6 MB | fixmap
- ff1bffffff000000 | -57 PB | ff1bffffffffffff | 16 MB | PCI io
- ff1c000000000000 | -57 PB | ff1fffffffffffff | 1 PB | vmemmap
- ff20000000000000 | -56 PB | ff5fffffffffffff | 16 PB | vmalloc/ioremap space
- ff60000000000000 | -40 PB | ffdeffffffffffff | 32 PB | direct mapping of all physical memory
- ffdf000000000000 | -8 PB | fffffffeffffffff | 8 PB | kasan
- __________________|____________|__________________|_________|____________________________________________________________
- |
- | Identical layout to the 39-bit one from here on:
- ____________________________________________________________|____________________________________________________________
- | | | |
- ffffffff00000000 | -4 GB | ffffffff7fffffff | 2 GB | modules, BPF
- ffffffff80000000 | -2 GB | ffffffffffffffff | 2 GB | kernel
- __________________|____________|__________________|_________|____________________________________________________________
-
-
-Userspace VAs
---------------------
-To maintain compatibility with software that relies on the VA space with a
-maximum of 48 bits the kernel will, by default, return virtual addresses to
-userspace from a 48-bit range (sv48). This default behavior is achieved by
-passing 0 into the hint address parameter of mmap. On CPUs with an address space
-smaller than sv48, the CPU maximum supported address space will be the default.
-
-Software can "opt-in" to receiving VAs from another VA space by providing
-a hint address to mmap. A hint address passed to mmap will cause the largest
-address space that fits entirely into the hint to be used, unless there is no
-space left in the address space. If there is no space available in the requested
-address space, an address in the next smallest available address space will be
-returned.
-
-For example, in order to obtain 48-bit VA space, a hint address greater than
-:code:`1 << 47` must be provided. Note that this is 47 due to sv48 userspace
-ending at :code:`1 << 47` and the addresses beyond this are reserved for the
-kernel. Similarly, to obtain 57-bit VA space addresses, a hint address greater
-than or equal to :code:`1 << 56` must be provided.