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Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation/wmi')
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/wmi/acpi-interface.rst | 96 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/wmi/devices/dell-wmi-ddv.rst | 297 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/wmi/devices/index.rst | 22 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/wmi/devices/wmi-bmof.rst | 25 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/wmi/index.rst | 19 |
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diff --git a/Documentation/wmi/acpi-interface.rst b/Documentation/wmi/acpi-interface.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000..d31af0ed9 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/wmi/acpi-interface.rst @@ -0,0 +1,96 @@ +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later + +================== +ACPI WMI interface +================== + +The ACPI WMI interface is a proprietary extension of the ACPI specification made +by Microsoft to allow hardware vendors to embed WMI (Windows Management Instrumentation) +objects inside their ACPI firmware. Typical functions implemented over ACPI WMI +are hotkey events on modern notebooks and configuration of BIOS options. + +PNP0C14 ACPI device +------------------- + +Discovery of WMI objects is handled by defining ACPI devices with a PNP ID +of ``PNP0C14``. These devices will contain a set of ACPI buffers and methods +used for mapping and execution of WMI methods and/or queries. If there exist +multiple of such devices, then each device is required to have a +unique ACPI UID. + +_WDG buffer +----------- + +The ``_WDG`` buffer is used to discover WMI objects and is required to be +static. Its internal structure consists of data blocks with a size of 20 bytes, +containing the following data: + +======= =============== ===================================================== +Offset Size (in bytes) Content +======= =============== ===================================================== +0x00 16 128 bit Variant 2 object GUID. +0x10 2 2 character method ID or single byte notification ID. +0x12 1 Object instance count. +0x13 1 Object flags. +======= =============== ===================================================== + +The WMI object flags control whether the method or notification ID is used: + +- 0x1: Data block usage is expensive and must be explicitly enabled/disabled. +- 0x2: Data block contains WMI methods. +- 0x4: Data block contains ASCIZ string. +- 0x8: Data block describes a WMI event, use notification ID instead + of method ID. + +Each WMI object GUID can appear multiple times inside a system. +The method/notification ID is used to construct the ACPI method names used for +interacting with the WMI object. + +WQxx ACPI methods +----------------- + +If a data block does not contain WMI methods, then its content can be retrieved +by this required ACPI method. The last two characters of the ACPI method name +are the method ID of the data block to query. Their single parameter is an +integer describing the instance which should be queried. This parameter can be +omitted if the data block contains only a single instance. + +WSxx ACPI methods +----------------- + +Similar to the ``WQxx`` ACPI methods, except that it is optional and takes an +additional buffer as its second argument. The instance argument also cannot +be omitted. + +WMxx ACPI methods +----------------- + +Used for executing WMI methods associated with a data block. The last two +characters of the ACPI method name are the method ID of the data block +containing the WMI methods. Their first parameter is a integer describing the +instance which methods should be executed. The second parameter is an integer +describing the WMI method ID to execute, and the third parameter is a buffer +containing the WMI method parameters. If the data block is marked as containing +an ASCIZ string, then this buffer should contain an ASCIZ string. The ACPI +method will return the result of the executed WMI method. + +WExx ACPI methods +----------------- + +Used for optionally enabling/disabling WMI events, the last two characters of +the ACPI method are the notification ID of the data block describing the WMI +event as hexadecimal value. Their first parameter is an integer with a value +of 0 if the WMI event should be disabled, other values will enable +the WMI event. + +WCxx ACPI methods +----------------- +Similar to the ``WExx`` ACPI methods, except that it controls data collection +instead of events and thus the last two characters of the ACPI method name are +the method ID of the data block to enable/disable. + +_WED ACPI method +---------------- + +Used to retrieve additional WMI event data, its single parameter is a integer +holding the notification ID of the event. diff --git a/Documentation/wmi/devices/dell-wmi-ddv.rst b/Documentation/wmi/devices/dell-wmi-ddv.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000..2fcdfcf03 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/wmi/devices/dell-wmi-ddv.rst @@ -0,0 +1,297 @@ +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later + +============================================ +Dell DDV WMI interface driver (dell-wmi-ddv) +============================================ + +Introduction +============ + +Many Dell notebooks made after ~2020 support a WMI-based interface for +retrieving various system data like battery temperature, ePPID, diagostic data +and fan/thermal sensor data. + +This interface is likely used by the `Dell Data Vault` software on Windows, +so it was called `DDV`. Currently the ``dell-wmi-ddv`` driver supports +version 2 and 3 of the interface, with support for new interface versions +easily added. + +.. warning:: The interface is regarded as internal by Dell, so no vendor + documentation is available. All knowledge was thus obtained by + trial-and-error, please keep that in mind. + +Dell ePPID (electronic Piece Part Identification) +================================================= + +The Dell ePPID is used to uniquely identify components in Dell machines, +including batteries. It has a form similar to `CC-PPPPPP-MMMMM-YMD-SSSS-FFF` +and contains the following information: + +* Country code of origin (CC). +* Part number with the first character being a filling number (PPPPPP). +* Manufacture Identification (MMMMM). +* Manufacturing Year/Month/Date (YMD) in base 36, with Y being the last digit + of the year. +* Manufacture Sequence Number (SSSS). +* Optional Firmware Version/Revision (FFF). + +The `eppidtool <https://pypi.org/project/eppidtool>`_ python utility can be used +to decode and display this information. + +All information regarding the Dell ePPID was gathered using Dell support +documentation and `this website <https://telcontar.net/KBK/Dell/date_codes>`_. + +WMI interface description +========================= + +The WMI interface description can be decoded from the embedded binary MOF (bmof) +data using the `bmfdec <https://github.com/pali/bmfdec>`_ utility: + +:: + + [WMI, Dynamic, Provider("WmiProv"), Locale("MS\\0x409"), Description("WMI Function"), guid("{8A42EA14-4F2A-FD45-6422-0087F7A7E608}")] + class DDVWmiMethodFunction { + [key, read] string InstanceName; + [read] boolean Active; + + [WmiMethodId(1), Implemented, read, write, Description("Return Battery Design Capacity.")] void BatteryDesignCapacity([in] uint32 arg2, [out] uint32 argr); + [WmiMethodId(2), Implemented, read, write, Description("Return Battery Full Charge Capacity.")] void BatteryFullChargeCapacity([in] uint32 arg2, [out] uint32 argr); + [WmiMethodId(3), Implemented, read, write, Description("Return Battery Manufacture Name.")] void BatteryManufactureName([in] uint32 arg2, [out] string argr); + [WmiMethodId(4), Implemented, read, write, Description("Return Battery Manufacture Date.")] void BatteryManufactureDate([in] uint32 arg2, [out] uint32 argr); + [WmiMethodId(5), Implemented, read, write, Description("Return Battery Serial Number.")] void BatterySerialNumber([in] uint32 arg2, [out] uint32 argr); + [WmiMethodId(6), Implemented, read, write, Description("Return Battery Chemistry Value.")] void BatteryChemistryValue([in] uint32 arg2, [out] string argr); + [WmiMethodId(7), Implemented, read, write, Description("Return Battery Temperature.")] void BatteryTemperature([in] uint32 arg2, [out] uint32 argr); + [WmiMethodId(8), Implemented, read, write, Description("Return Battery Current.")] void BatteryCurrent([in] uint32 arg2, [out] uint32 argr); + [WmiMethodId(9), Implemented, read, write, Description("Return Battery Voltage.")] void BatteryVoltage([in] uint32 arg2, [out] uint32 argr); + [WmiMethodId(10), Implemented, read, write, Description("Return Battery Manufacture Access(MA code).")] void BatteryManufactureAceess([in] uint32 arg2, [out] uint32 argr); + [WmiMethodId(11), Implemented, read, write, Description("Return Battery Relative State-Of-Charge.")] void BatteryRelativeStateOfCharge([in] uint32 arg2, [out] uint32 argr); + [WmiMethodId(12), Implemented, read, write, Description("Return Battery Cycle Count")] void BatteryCycleCount([in] uint32 arg2, [out] uint32 argr); + [WmiMethodId(13), Implemented, read, write, Description("Return Battery ePPID")] void BatteryePPID([in] uint32 arg2, [out] string argr); + [WmiMethodId(14), Implemented, read, write, Description("Return Battery Raw Analytics Start")] void BatteryeRawAnalyticsStart([in] uint32 arg2, [out] uint32 argr); + [WmiMethodId(15), Implemented, read, write, Description("Return Battery Raw Analytics")] void BatteryeRawAnalytics([in] uint32 arg2, [out] uint32 RawSize, [out, WmiSizeIs("RawSize") : ToInstance] uint8 RawData[]); + [WmiMethodId(16), Implemented, read, write, Description("Return Battery Design Voltage.")] void BatteryDesignVoltage([in] uint32 arg2, [out] uint32 argr); + [WmiMethodId(17), Implemented, read, write, Description("Return Battery Raw Analytics A Block")] void BatteryeRawAnalyticsABlock([in] uint32 arg2, [out] uint32 RawSize, [out, WmiSizeIs("RawSize") : ToInstance] uint8 RawData[]); + [WmiMethodId(18), Implemented, read, write, Description("Return Version.")] void ReturnVersion([in] uint32 arg2, [out] uint32 argr); + [WmiMethodId(32), Implemented, read, write, Description("Return Fan Sensor Information")] void FanSensorInformation([in] uint32 arg2, [out] uint32 RawSize, [out, WmiSizeIs("RawSize") : ToInstance] uint8 RawData[]); + [WmiMethodId(34), Implemented, read, write, Description("Return Thermal Sensor Information")] void ThermalSensorInformation([in] uint32 arg2, [out] uint32 RawSize, [out, WmiSizeIs("RawSize") : ToInstance] uint8 RawData[]); + }; + +Each WMI method takes an ACPI buffer containing a 32-bit index as input argument, +with the first 8 bit being used to specify the battery when using battery-related +WMI methods. Other WMI methods may ignore this argument or interpret it +differently. The WMI method output format varies: + +* if the function has only a single output, then an ACPI object + of the corresponding type is returned +* if the function has multiple outputs, when an ACPI package + containing the outputs in the same order is returned + +The format of the output should be thoroughly checked, since many methods can +return malformed data in case of an error. + +The data format of many battery-related methods seems to be based on the +`Smart Battery Data Specification`, so unknown battery-related methods are +likely to follow this standard in some way. + +WMI method GetBatteryDesignCapacity() +------------------------------------- + +Returns the design capacity of the battery in mAh as an u16. + +WMI method BatteryFullCharge() +------------------------------ + +Returns the full charge capacity of the battery in mAh as an u16. + +WMI method BatteryManufactureName() +----------------------------------- + +Returns the manufacture name of the battery as an ASCII string. + +WMI method BatteryManufactureDate() +----------------------------------- + +Returns the manufacture date of the battery as an u16. +The date is encoded in the following manner: + +- bits 0 to 4 contain the manufacture day. +- bits 5 to 8 contain the manufacture month. +- bits 9 to 15 contain the manufacture year biased by 1980. + +.. note:: + The data format needs to be verified on more machines. + +WMI method BatterySerialNumber() +-------------------------------- + +Returns the serial number of the battery as an u16. + +WMI method BatteryChemistryValue() +---------------------------------- + +Returns the chemistry of the battery as an ASCII string. +Known values are: + +- "Li-I" for Li-Ion + +WMI method BatteryTemperature() +------------------------------- + +Returns the temperature of the battery in tenth degree kelvin as an u16. + +WMI method BatteryCurrent() +--------------------------- + +Returns the current flow of the battery in mA as an s16. +Negative values indicate discharging. + +WMI method BatteryVoltage() +--------------------------- + +Returns the voltage flow of the battery in mV as an u16. + +WMI method BatteryManufactureAccess() +------------------------------------- + +Returns a manufacture-defined value as an u16. + +WMI method BatteryRelativeStateOfCharge() +----------------------------------------- + +Returns the capacity of the battery in percent as an u16. + +WMI method BatteryCycleCount() +------------------------------ + +Returns the cycle count of the battery as an u16. + +WMI method BatteryePPID() +------------------------- + +Returns the ePPID of the battery as an ASCII string. + +WMI method BatteryeRawAnalyticsStart() +-------------------------------------- + +Performs an analysis of the battery and returns a status code: + +- ``0x0``: Success +- ``0x1``: Interface not supported +- ``0xfffffffe``: Error/Timeout + +.. note:: + The meaning of this method is still largely unknown. + +WMI method BatteryeRawAnalytics() +--------------------------------- + +Returns a buffer usually containing 12 blocks of analytics data. +Those blocks contain: + +- a block number starting with 0 (u8) +- 31 bytes of unknown data + +.. note:: + The meaning of this method is still largely unknown. + +WMI method BatteryDesignVoltage() +--------------------------------- + +Returns the design voltage of the battery in mV as an u16. + +WMI method BatteryeRawAnalyticsABlock() +--------------------------------------- + +Returns a single block of analytics data, with the second byte +of the index being used for selecting the block number. + +*Supported since WMI interface version 3!* + +.. note:: + The meaning of this method is still largely unknown. + +WMI method ReturnVersion() +-------------------------- + +Returns the WMI interface version as an u32. + +WMI method FanSensorInformation() +--------------------------------- + +Returns a buffer containing fan sensor entries, terminated +with a single ``0xff``. +Those entries contain: + +- fan type (u8) +- fan speed in RPM (little endian u16) + +WMI method ThermalSensorInformation() +------------------------------------- + +Returns a buffer containing thermal sensor entries, terminated +with a single ``0xff``. +Those entries contain: + +- thermal type (u8) +- current temperature (s8) +- min. temperature (s8) +- max. temperature (s8) +- unknown field (u8) + +.. note:: + TODO: Find out what the meaning of the last byte is. + +ACPI battery matching algorithm +=============================== + +The algorithm used to match ACPI batteries to indices is based on information +which was found inside the logging messages of the OEM software. + +Basically for each new ACPI battery, the serial numbers of the batteries behind +indices 1 till 3 are compared with the serial number of the ACPI battery. +Since the serial number of the ACPI battery can either be encoded as a normal +integer or as a hexadecimal value, both cases need to be checked. The first +index with a matching serial number is then selected. + +A serial number of 0 indicates that the corresponding index is not associated +with an actual battery, or that the associated battery is not present. + +Some machines like the Dell Inspiron 3505 only support a single battery and thus +ignore the battery index. Because of this the driver depends on the ACPI battery +hook mechanism to discover batteries. + +.. note:: + The ACPI battery matching algorithm currently used inside the driver is + outdated and does not match the algorithm described above. The reasons for + this are differences in the handling of the ToHexString() ACPI opcode between + Linux and Windows, which distorts the serial number of ACPI batteries on many + machines. Until this issue is resolved, the driver cannot use the above + algorithm. + +Reverse-Engineering the DDV WMI interface +========================================= + +1. Find a supported Dell notebook, usually made after ~2020. +2. Dump the ACPI tables and search for the WMI device (usually called "ADDV"). +3. Decode the corresponding bmof data and look at the ASL code. +4. Try to deduce the meaning of a certain WMI method by comparing the control + flow with other ACPI methods (_BIX or _BIF for battery related methods + for example). +5. Use the built-in UEFI diagostics to view sensor types/values for fan/thermal + related methods (sometimes overwriting static ACPI data fields can be used + to test different sensor type values, since on some machines this data is + not reinitialized upon a warm reset). + +Alternatively: + +1. Load the ``dell-wmi-ddv`` driver, use the ``force`` module param + if necessary. +2. Use the debugfs interface to access the raw fan/thermal sensor buffer data. +3. Compare the data with the built-in UEFI diagnostics. + +In case the DDV WMI interface version available on your Dell notebook is not +supported or you are seeing unknown fan/thermal sensors, please submit a +bugreport on `bugzilla <https://bugzilla.kernel.org>`_ so they can be added +to the ``dell-wmi-ddv`` driver. + +See Documentation/admin-guide/reporting-issues.rst for further information. diff --git a/Documentation/wmi/devices/index.rst b/Documentation/wmi/devices/index.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000..c08735a9d --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/wmi/devices/index.rst @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later + +============================= +Driver-specific Documentation +============================= + +This section provides information about various devices supported by +the Linux kernel, their protocols and driver details. + +.. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 1 + :numbered: + :glob: + + * + +.. only:: subproject and html + + Indices + ======= + + * :ref:`genindex` diff --git a/Documentation/wmi/devices/wmi-bmof.rst b/Documentation/wmi/devices/wmi-bmof.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000..ca1ee9a29 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/wmi/devices/wmi-bmof.rst @@ -0,0 +1,25 @@ +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only + +============================== +WMI embedded Binary MOF driver +============================== + +Introduction +============ + +Many machines embed WMI Binary MOF (Managed Object Format) metadata used to +describe the details of their ACPI WMI interfaces. The data can be decoded +with tools like `bmfdec <https://github.com/pali/bmfdec>`_ to obtain a +human readable WMI interface description, which is useful for developing +new WMI drivers. + +The Binary MOF data can be retrieved from the ``bmof`` sysfs attribute of the +associated WMI device. Please note that multiple WMI devices containing Binary +MOF data can exist on a given system. + +WMI interface +============= + +The Binary MOF WMI device is identified by the WMI GUID ``05901221-D566-11D1-B2F0-00A0C9062910``. +The Binary MOF can be obtained by doing a WMI data block query. The result is +then returned as an ACPI buffer with a variable size. diff --git a/Documentation/wmi/index.rst b/Documentation/wmi/index.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000..537cff188 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/wmi/index.rst @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later + +============= +WMI Subsystem +============= + +.. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 1 + + acpi-interface + devices/index + +.. only:: subproject and html + + + Indices + ======= + + * :ref:`genindex` |