Adding upstream version 4.22.0.upstream/4.22.0

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

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+.TH PIE 8 "16 January 2014" "iproute2" "Linux"
+.SH NAME
+PIE \- Proportional Integral controller-Enhanced AQM algorithm
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B tc qdisc ... pie
+[
+.B limit
+PACKETS ] [
+.B target
+TIME ] [
+.B tupdate
+TIME ] [
+.B alpha
+int ] [
+.B beta
+int ] [
+.B ecn
+|
+.B noecn
+] [
+.B bytemode
+|
+.B nobytemode
+] [
+.B dq_rate_estimator
+|
+.B no_dq_rate_estimator
+]
+
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+Proportional Integral controller-Enhanced (PIE) is a control theoretic active
+queue management scheme. It is based on the proportional integral controller but
+aims to control delay. The main design goals are
+ o Low latency control
+ o High link utilization
+ o Simple implementation
+ o Guaranteed stability and fast responsiveness
+
+.SH ALGORITHM
+PIE is designed to control delay effectively. First, an average dequeue rate is
+estimated based on the standing queue. The rate is used to calculate the current
+delay. Then, on a periodic basis, the delay is used to calculate the dropping
+probability. Finally, on arrival, a packet is dropped (or marked) based on this
+probability.
+
+PIE makes adjustments to the probability based on the trend of the delay i.e.
+whether it is going up or down.The delay converges quickly to the target value
+specified.
+
+alpha and beta are statically chosen parameters chosen to control the drop probability
+growth and are determined through control theoretic approaches. alpha determines how
+the deviation between the current and target latency changes probability. beta exerts
+additional adjustments depending on the latency trend.
+
+The drop probability is used to mark packets in ecn mode. However, as in RED,
+beyond 10% packets are dropped based on this probability. The bytemode is used
+to drop packets proportional to the packet size.
+
+Additional details can be found in the paper cited below.
+
+.SH PARAMETERS
+.SS limit
+limit on the queue size in packets. Incoming packets are dropped when this limit
+is reached. Default is 1000 packets.
+
+.SS target
+is the expected queue delay. The default target delay is 15ms.
+
+.SS tupdate
+is the frequency at which the system drop probability is calculated. The default is 15ms.
+
+.SS alpha
+.SS beta
+alpha and beta are parameters chosen to control the drop probability. These
+should be in the range between 0 and 32.
+
+.SS ecn | noecn
+is used to mark packets instead of dropping.
+.B ecn
+to turn on ecn mode,
+.B noecn
+to turn off ecn mode. By default,
+.B ecn
+is turned off.
+
+.SS bytemode | nobytemode
+is used to scale drop probability proportional to packet size.
+.B bytemode
+to turn on bytemode,
+.B nobytemode
+to turn off bytemode. By default,
+.B bytemode
+is turned off.
+
+.SS dq_rate_estimator | no_dq_rate_estimator
+is used to calculate delay using Little's law.
+.B dq_rate_estimator
+to turn on dq_rate_estimator,
+.B no_dq_rate_estimator
+to turn off no_dq_rate_estimator. By default,
+.B dq_rate_estimator
+is turned off.
+
+.SH EXAMPLES
+ # tc qdisc add dev eth0 root pie
+ # tc -s qdisc show
+   qdisc pie 8036: dev eth0 root refcnt 2 limit 1000p target 15.0ms tupdate 16.0ms alpha 2 beta 20
+    Sent 31216108 bytes 20800 pkt (dropped 80, overlimits 0 requeues 0)
+    backlog 16654b 11p requeues 0
+     prob 0.006161 delay 15666us
+     pkts_in 20811 overlimit 0 dropped 80 maxq 50 ecn_mark 0
+
+ # tc qdisc add dev eth0 root pie dq_rate_estimator
+ # tc -s qdisc show
+   qdisc pie 8036: dev eth0 root refcnt 2 limit 1000p target 15.0ms tupdate 16.0ms alpha 2 beta 20
+    Sent 63947420 bytes 42414 pkt (dropped 41, overlimits 0 requeues 0)
+    backlog 271006b 179p requeues 0
+     prob 0.000092 delay 22200us avg_dq_rate 12145996
+     pkts_in 41 overlimit 343 dropped 0 maxq 50 ecn_mark 0
+
+ # tc qdisc add dev eth0 root pie limit 100 target 20ms tupdate 30ms ecn
+ # tc -s qdisc show
+   qdisc pie 8036: dev eth0 root refcnt 2 limit 100p target 20.0ms tupdate 32.0ms alpha 2 beta 20 ecn
+    Sent 6591724 bytes 4442 pkt (dropped 27, overlimits 0 requeues 0)
+    backlog 18168b 12p requeues 0
+     prob 0.008845 delay 11348us
+     pkts_in 4454 overlimit 0 dropped 27 maxq 65 ecn_mark 0
+
+ # tc qdisc add dev eth0 root pie limit 100 target 50ms tupdate 30ms bytemode
+ # tc -s qdisc show
+   qdisc pie 8036: dev eth0 root refcnt 2 limit 100p target 50.0ms tupdate 32.0ms alpha 2 beta 20 bytemode
+    Sent 1616274 bytes 1137 pkt (dropped 0, overlimits 0 requeues 0)
+    backlog 13626b 9p requeues 0
+     prob 0.000000 delay 0us
+     pkts_in 1146 overlimit 0 dropped 0 maxq 23 ecn_mark 0
+
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.BR tc (8),
+.BR tc-codel (8)
+.BR tc-red (8)
+
+.SH SOURCES
+ o RFC 8033: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8033
+
+.SH AUTHORS
+PIE was implemented by Vijay Subramanian and Mythili Prabhu, also the authors of
+this man page. Please report bugs and corrections to the Linux networking
+development mailing list at <netdev@vger.kernel.org>.