Adding upstream version 4.22.0.upstream/4.22.0

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

1 files changed, 336 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/upstream/mageia-cauldron/man3p/chown.3p b/upstream/mageia-cauldron/man3p/chown.3p
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+'\" et
+.TH CHOWN "3P" 2017 "IEEE/The Open Group" "POSIX Programmer's Manual"
+.\"
+.SH PROLOG
+This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual.
+The Linux implementation of this interface may differ (consult
+the corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior),
+or the interface may not be implemented on Linux.
+.\"
+.SH NAME
+chown, fchownat
+\(em change owner and group of a file
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.LP
+.nf
+#include <unistd.h>
+.P
+int chown(const char *\fIpath\fP, uid_t \fIowner\fP, gid_t \fIgroup\fP);
+.P
+#include <fcntl.h>
+.P
+int fchownat(int \fIfd\fP, const char *\fIpath\fP, uid_t \fIowner\fP, gid_t \fIgroup\fP,
+    int \fIflag\fP);
+.fi
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+The
+\fIchown\fR()
+function shall change the user and group ownership of a file.
+.P
+The
+.IR path
+argument points to a pathname naming a file. The user ID and group ID
+of the named file shall be set to the numeric values contained in
+.IR owner
+and
+.IR group ,
+respectively.
+.P
+Only processes with an effective user ID equal to the user ID of the
+file or with appropriate privileges may change the ownership of a
+file. If _POSIX_CHOWN_RESTRICTED is in effect for
+.IR path :
+.IP " *" 4
+Changing the user ID is restricted to processes with appropriate
+privileges.
+.IP " *" 4
+Changing the group ID is permitted to a process with an effective user
+ID equal to the user ID of the file, but without appropriate
+privileges, if and only if
+.IR owner
+is equal to the file's user ID or (\c
+.BR uid_t )\-1
+and
+.IR group
+is equal either to the calling process' effective group ID or to one of
+its supplementary group IDs.
+.P
+If the specified file is a regular file, one or more of the S_IXUSR,
+S_IXGRP, or S_IXOTH bits of the file mode are set, and the process does
+not have appropriate privileges, the set-user-ID (S_ISUID) and
+set-group-ID (S_ISGID) bits of the file mode shall be cleared upon
+successful return from
+\fIchown\fR().
+If the specified file is a regular file, one or more of the S_IXUSR,
+S_IXGRP, or S_IXOTH bits of the file mode are set, and the process has
+appropriate privileges, it is implementation-defined whether the
+set-user-ID and set-group-ID bits are altered. If the
+\fIchown\fR()
+function is successfully invoked on a file that is not a regular file
+and one or more of the S_IXUSR, S_IXGRP, or S_IXOTH bits of the file
+mode are set, the set-user-ID and set-group-ID bits may be cleared.
+.P
+If
+.IR owner
+or
+.IR group
+is specified as (\c
+.BR uid_t )\-1
+or (\c
+.BR gid_t )\-1,
+respectively, the corresponding ID of the file shall not be changed.
+.P
+Upon successful completion,
+\fIchown\fR()
+shall mark for update the last file status change timestamp of the
+file, except that if
+.IR owner
+is (\c
+.BR uid_t )\-1
+and
+.IR group
+is (\c
+.BR gid_t )\-1,
+the file status change timestamp need not be marked for update.
+.P
+The
+\fIfchownat\fR()
+function shall be equivalent to the
+\fIchown\fR()
+and
+\fIlchown\fR()
+functions except in the case where
+.IR path
+specifies a relative path. In this case the file to be changed is
+determined relative to the directory associated with the file
+descriptor
+.IR fd
+instead of the current working directory. If the access mode of
+the open file description associated with the file descriptor is not
+O_SEARCH, the function shall check whether directory searches are
+permitted using the current permissions of the directory underlying
+the file descriptor. If the access mode is O_SEARCH, the function
+shall not perform the check.
+.P
+Values for
+.IR flag
+are constructed by a bitwise-inclusive OR of flags from the following
+list, defined in
+.IR <fcntl.h> :
+.IP AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW 6
+.br
+If
+.IR path
+names a symbolic link, ownership of the symbolic link is changed.
+.P
+If
+\fIfchownat\fR()
+is passed the special value AT_FDCWD in the
+.IR fd
+parameter, the current working directory shall be used and the behavior
+shall be identical to a call to
+\fIchown\fR()
+or
+\fIlchown\fR()
+respectively, depending on whether or not the AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW bit
+is set in the
+.IR flag
+argument.
+.SH "RETURN VALUE"
+Upon successful completion, these functions shall return 0.
+Otherwise, these functions shall return \-1 and set
+.IR errno
+to indicate the error. If \-1 is returned, no changes are
+made in the user ID and group ID of the file.
+.SH ERRORS
+These functions shall fail if:
+.TP
+.BR EACCES
+Search permission is denied on a component of the path prefix.
+.TP
+.BR ELOOP
+A loop exists in symbolic links encountered during resolution of the
+.IR path
+argument.
+.TP
+.BR ENAMETOOLONG
+.br
+The length of a component of a pathname is longer than
+{NAME_MAX}.
+.TP
+.BR ENOENT
+A component of
+.IR path
+does not name an existing file or
+.IR path
+is an empty string.
+.TP
+.BR ENOTDIR
+A component of the path prefix names an existing file that is neither
+a directory nor a symbolic link to a directory, or the
+.IR path
+argument contains at least one non-\c
+<slash>
+character and ends with one or more trailing
+<slash>
+characters and the last pathname component names an existing file
+that is neither a directory nor a symbolic link to a directory.
+.TP
+.BR EPERM
+The effective user ID does not match the owner of the file, or the
+calling process does not have appropriate privileges and
+_POSIX_CHOWN_RESTRICTED indicates that such privilege is required.
+.TP
+.BR EROFS
+The named file resides on a read-only file system.
+.P
+The
+\fIfchownat\fR()
+function shall fail if:
+.TP
+.BR EACCES
+The access mode of the open file description associated with
+.IR fd
+is not O_SEARCH and the permissions of the directory underlying
+.IR fd
+do not permit directory searches.
+.TP
+.BR EBADF
+The
+.IR path
+argument does not specify an absolute path and the
+.IR fd
+argument is neither AT_FDCWD nor a valid file descriptor open
+for reading or searching.
+.TP
+.BR ENOTDIR
+The
+.IR path
+argument is not an absolute path and
+.IR fd
+is a file descriptor associated with a non-directory file.
+.P
+These functions may fail if:
+.TP
+.BR EIO
+An I/O error occurred while reading or writing to the file system.
+.TP
+.BR EINTR
+The
+\fIchown\fR()
+function was interrupted by a signal which was caught.
+.TP
+.BR EINVAL
+The owner or group ID supplied is not a value supported by the
+implementation.
+.TP
+.BR ELOOP
+More than
+{SYMLOOP_MAX}
+symbolic links were encountered during resolution of the
+.IR path
+argument.
+.TP
+.BR ENAMETOOLONG
+.br
+The length of a pathname exceeds
+{PATH_MAX},
+or pathname resolution of a symbolic link produced an intermediate
+result with a length that exceeds
+{PATH_MAX}.
+.br
+.P
+The
+\fIfchownat\fR()
+function may fail if:
+.TP
+.BR EINVAL
+The value of the
+.IR flag
+argument is not valid.
+.LP
+.IR "The following sections are informative."
+.SH EXAMPLES
+None.
+.SH "APPLICATION USAGE"
+Although
+\fIchown\fR()
+can be used on some implementations by the file owner to change the owner
+and group to any desired values, the only portable use of this function
+is to change the group of a file to the effective GID of the calling
+process or to a member of its group set.
+.SH RATIONALE
+System III and System V allow a user to give away files;
+that is, the owner of a file may change its user ID to anything. This
+is a serious problem for implementations that are intended to meet
+government security regulations.
+Version 7 and 4.3 BSD permit only the superuser
+to change the user ID of a file. Some government agencies (usually not
+ones concerned directly with security) find this limitation too
+confining. This volume of POSIX.1\(hy2017 uses \fImay\fP to permit secure implementations
+while not disallowing System V.
+.P
+System III and System V allow the owner of a file to change the
+group ID to anything. Version 7 permits only the superuser to change
+the group ID of a file.
+4.3 BSD permits the owner to change the group ID of a file
+to its effective group ID
+or to any of the groups in the list of supplementary group IDs, but to
+no others.
+.P
+The POSIX.1\(hy1990 standard requires that the
+\fIchown\fR()
+function invoked by a non-appropriate privileged process clear the
+S_ISGID and the S_ISUID bits for regular files, and permits them to be
+cleared for other types of files. This is so that changes in
+accessibility do not accidentally cause files to become security holes.
+Unfortunately, requiring these bits to be cleared on non-executable
+data files also clears the mandatory file locking bit (shared with
+S_ISGID), which is an extension on many implementations (it first
+appeared in System V). These bits should only be required to be
+cleared on regular files that have one or more of their execute bits
+set.
+.P
+The purpose of the
+\fIfchownat\fR()
+function is to enable changing ownership of files in directories other
+than the current working directory without exposure to race
+conditions. Any part of the path of a file could be changed in
+parallel to a call to
+\fIchown\fR()
+or
+\fIlchown\fR(),
+resulting in unspecified behavior. By opening a file descriptor for
+the target directory and using the
+\fIfchownat\fR()
+function it can be guaranteed that the changed file is located relative
+to the desired directory.
+.SH "FUTURE DIRECTIONS"
+None.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.IR "\fIchmod\fR\^(\|)",
+.IR "\fIfpathconf\fR\^(\|)",
+.IR "\fIlchown\fR\^(\|)"
+.P
+The Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1\(hy2017,
+.IR "\fB<fcntl.h>\fP",
+.IR "\fB<sys_types.h>\fP",
+.IR "\fB<unistd.h>\fP"
+.\"
+.SH COPYRIGHT
+Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form
+from IEEE Std 1003.1-2017, Standard for Information Technology
+-- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base
+Specifications Issue 7, 2018 Edition,
+Copyright (C) 2018 by the Institute of
+Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group.
+In the event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and
+The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard
+is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at
+http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .
+.PP
+Any typographical or formatting errors that appear
+in this page are most likely
+to have been introduced during the conversion of the source files to
+man page format. To report such errors, see
+https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/reporting_bugs.html .