Adding upstream version 4.22.0.upstream/4.22.0

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

1 files changed, 214 insertions, 0 deletions

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+'\" et
+.TH TIMES "3P" 2017 "IEEE/The Open Group" "POSIX Programmer's Manual"
+.\"
+.SH PROLOG
+This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual.
+The Linux implementation of this interface may differ (consult
+the corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior),
+or the interface may not be implemented on Linux.
+.\"
+.SH NAME
+times
+\(em get process and waited-for child process times
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.LP
+.nf
+#include <sys/times.h>
+.P
+clock_t times(struct tms *\fIbuffer\fP);
+.fi
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+The
+\fItimes\fR()
+function shall fill the
+.BR tms
+structure pointed to by
+.IR buffer
+with time-accounting information. The
+.BR tms
+structure is defined in
+.IR <sys/times.h> .
+.P
+All times are measured in terms of the number of clock ticks used.
+.P
+The times of a terminated child process shall be included in the
+.IR tms_cutime
+and
+.IR tms_cstime
+elements of the parent when
+\fIwait\fR(),
+\fIwaitid\fR(),
+or
+\fIwaitpid\fR()
+returns the process ID of this terminated child. If a child process
+has not waited for its children, their times shall not be included in
+its times.
+.IP " *" 4
+The
+.IR tms_utime
+structure member is the CPU time charged for the execution of user
+instructions of the calling process.
+.IP " *" 4
+The
+.IR tms_stime
+structure member is the CPU time charged for execution by the system on
+behalf of the calling process.
+.IP " *" 4
+The
+.IR tms_cutime
+structure member is the sum of the
+.IR tms_utime
+and
+.IR tms_cutime
+times of the child processes.
+.IP " *" 4
+The
+.IR tms_cstime
+structure member is the sum of the
+.IR tms_stime
+and
+.IR tms_cstime
+times of the child processes.
+.SH "RETURN VALUE"
+Upon successful completion,
+\fItimes\fR()
+shall return the elapsed real time, in clock ticks, since an arbitrary
+point in the past (for example, system start-up time). This point does
+not change from one invocation of
+\fItimes\fR()
+within the process to another. The return value may overflow the
+possible range of type
+.BR clock_t .
+If
+\fItimes\fR()
+fails, (\fBclock_t\fR)\-1 shall be returned and
+.IR errno
+set to indicate the error.
+.SH ERRORS
+The
+\fItimes\fR()
+function shall fail if:
+.TP
+.BR EOVERFLOW
+The return value would overflow the range of
+.BR clock_t .
+.LP
+.IR "The following sections are informative."
+.SH EXAMPLES
+.SS "Timing a Database Lookup"
+.P
+The following example defines two functions,
+\fIstart_clock\fR()
+and
+\fIend_clock\fR(),
+that are used to time a lookup. It also defines variables of type
+.BR clock_t
+and
+.BR tms
+to measure the duration of transactions. The
+\fIstart_clock\fR()
+function saves the beginning times given by the
+\fItimes\fR()
+function. The
+\fIend_clock\fR()
+function gets the ending times and prints the difference between the
+two times.
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.nf
+
+#include <sys/times.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+\&...
+void start_clock(void);
+void end_clock(char *msg);
+\&...
+static clock_t st_time;
+static clock_t en_time;
+static struct tms st_cpu;
+static struct tms en_cpu;
+\&...
+void
+start_clock()
+{
+    st_time = times(&st_cpu);
+}
+.P
+/* This example assumes that the result of each subtraction
+   is within the range of values that can be represented in
+   an integer type. */
+void
+end_clock(char *msg)
+{
+    en_time = times(&en_cpu);
+.P
+    fputs(msg,stdout);
+    printf("Real Time: %jd, User Time %jd, System Time %jd\en",
+        (intmax_t)(en_time - st_time),
+        (intmax_t)(en_cpu.tms_utime - st_cpu.tms_utime),
+        (intmax_t)(en_cpu.tms_stime - st_cpu.tms_stime));
+}
+.fi
+.P
+.RE
+.SH "APPLICATION USAGE"
+Applications should use \fIsysconf\fP(_SC_CLK_TCK)
+to determine the number of clock ticks per second as it may vary from
+system to system.
+.SH RATIONALE
+The accuracy of the times reported is intentionally left unspecified to
+allow implementations flexibility in design, from uniprocessor to
+multi-processor networks.
+.P
+The inclusion of times of child processes is recursive, so that a
+parent process may collect the total times of all of its descendants.
+But the times of a child are only added to those of its parent when its
+parent successfully waits on the child. Thus, it is not guaranteed
+that a parent process can always see the total times of all its
+descendants; see also the discussion of the term ``realtime'' in
+.IR "\fIalarm\fR\^(\|)".
+.P
+If the type
+.BR clock_t
+is defined to be a signed 32-bit integer, it overflows in somewhat more
+than a year if there are 60 clock ticks per second,
+or less than a year if there are 100. There are individual systems
+that run continuously for longer than that. This volume of POSIX.1\(hy2017 permits an
+implementation to make the reference point for the returned value be
+the start-up time of the process, rather than system start-up time.
+.P
+The term ``charge'' in this context has nothing to do with billing
+for services. The operating system accounts for time used in this
+way. That information must be correct, regardless of how that
+information is used.
+.SH "FUTURE DIRECTIONS"
+None.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.IR "\fIalarm\fR\^(\|)",
+.IR "\fIexec\fR\^",
+.IR "\fIfork\fR\^(\|)",
+.IR "\fIsysconf\fR\^(\|)",
+.IR "\fItime\fR\^(\|)",
+.IR "\fIwait\fR\^(\|)",
+.IR "\fIwaitid\fR\^(\|)"
+.P
+The Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1\(hy2017,
+.IR "\fB<sys_times.h>\fP"
+.\"
+.SH COPYRIGHT
+Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form
+from IEEE Std 1003.1-2017, Standard for Information Technology
+-- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base
+Specifications Issue 7, 2018 Edition,
+Copyright (C) 2018 by the Institute of
+Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group.
+In the event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and
+The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard
+is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at
+http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .
+.PP
+Any typographical or formatting errors that appear
+in this page are most likely
+to have been introduced during the conversion of the source files to
+man page format. To report such errors, see
+https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/reporting_bugs.html .