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-.\"/* Copyright 1988,1990,1993,1996 by Paul Vixie
-.\" * All rights reserved
-.\" */
-.\"
-.\" Copyright (c) 2004 by Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")
-.\" Copyright (c) 1997,2000 by Internet Software Consortium, Inc.
-.\"
-.\" Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
-.\" purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
-.\" copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
-.\"
-.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND ISC DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
-.\" WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
-.\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL ISC BE LIABLE FOR
-.\" ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
-.\" WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
-.\" ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT
-.\" OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
-.\"
-.\" Modified 2010/09/12 by Colin Dean, Durham University IT Service,
-.\" to add clustering support.
-.\"
-.\" $Id: cron.8,v 1.8 2004/01/23 19:03:32 vixie Exp $
-.\"
-.TH CRON "8" "2013-09-26" "cronie" "System Administration"
-.SH NAME
-crond \- daemon to execute scheduled commands
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B crond
-.RB [ -c " | " -h " | " -i " | " -n " | " -p " | " -P " | " -s " | " -m \fP\fI<mail command>\fP ]
-.br
-.B crond
-.B -x
-.RB [ext,sch,proc,pars,load,misc,test,bit]
-.br
-.B crond
-.B -V
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.I Cron
-is started from
-.I /etc/rc.d/init.d
-or
-.I /etc/init.d
-when classical sysvinit scripts are used. In case systemd is enabled, then unit file is installed into
-.I /lib/systemd/system/crond.service
-and daemon is started by
-.I systemctl start crond.service
-command. It returns immediately, thus, there is no need to need to start it with
-the '&' parameter.
-.PP
-.I Cron
-searches
-.I /var/spool/cron
-for crontab files which are named after accounts in
-.I /etc/passwd;
-The found crontabs are loaded into the memory.
-.I Cron
-also searches for
-.I /etc/anacrontab
-and any files in the
-.I /etc/cron.d
-directory, which have a different format (see
-.BR crontab (5)).
-.I Cron
-examines all stored crontabs and checks each job to see if it needs to be
-run in the current minute. When executing commands, any output is mailed
-to the owner of the crontab (or to the user specified in the
-.I MAILTO
-environment variable in the crontab, if such exists). Any job output can
-also be sent to syslog by using the
-.B "\-s"
-option.
-.PP
-There are two ways how changes in crontables are checked. The first
-method is checking the modtime of a file. The second method is using the
-inotify support. Using of inotify is logged in the
-.I /var/log/cron
-log after the daemon is started. The inotify support checks for changes
-in all crontables and accesses the hard disk only when a change is
-detected.
-.PP
-When using the modtime option,
-.I Cron
-checks its crontables' modtimes every minute to check for any changes and
-reloads the crontables which have changed. There is no need to restart
-.I Cron
-after some of the crontables were modified. The modtime option is also
-used when inotify can not be initialized.
-.PP
-.I Cron
-checks these files and directories:
-.TP
-.IR /etc/crontab
-system crontab. Nowadays the file is empty by default. Originally it
-was usually used to run daily, weekly, monthly jobs. By default these
-jobs are now run through anacron which reads
-.IR /etc/anacrontab
-configuration file. See
-.BR anacrontab (5)
-for more details.
-.TP
-.IR /etc/cron.d/
-directory that contains system cronjobs stored for different users.
-.TP
-.IR /var/spool/cron
-directory that contains user crontables created by the
-.IR crontab
-command.
-.PP
-Note that the
-.BR crontab (1)
-command updates the modtime of the spool directory whenever it changes a
-crontab.
-.PP
-.SS Daylight Saving Time and other time changes
-Local time changes of less than three hours, such as those caused by the
-Daylight Saving Time changes, are handled in a special way. This only
-applies to jobs that run at a specific time and jobs that run with a
-granularity greater than one hour. Jobs that run more frequently are
-scheduled normally.
-.PP
-If time was adjusted one hour forward, those jobs that would have run in
-the interval that has been skipped will be run immediately. Conversely,
-if time was adjusted backward, running the same job twice is avoided.
-.PP
-Time changes of more than 3 hours are considered to be corrections to the
-clock or the timezone, and the new time is used immediately.
-.PP
-It is possible to use different time zones for crontables. See
-.BR crontab (5)
-for more information.
-.SS PAM Access Control
-.IR Cron
-supports access control with PAM if the system has PAM installed. For
-more information, see
-.BR pam (8).
-A PAM configuration file for
-.IR crond
-is installed in
-.IR /etc/pam.d/crond .
-The daemon loads the PAM environment from the pam_env module. This can
-be overridden by defining specific settings in the appropriate crontab
-file.
-.SH "OPTIONS"
-.TP
-.B "\-h"
-Prints a help message and exits.
-.TP
-.B "\-i"
-Disables inotify support.
-.TP
-.B "\-m"
-This option allows you to specify a shell command to use for sending
-.I Cron
-mail output instead of using
-.BR sendmail (8)
-This command must accept a fully formatted mail message (with headers) on
-standard input and send it as a mail message to the recipients specified
-in the mail headers. Specifying the string
-.I "off"
-(i.e., crond -m off)
-will disable the sending of mail.
-.TP
-.B "\-n"
-Tells the daemon to run in the foreground. This can be useful when
-starting it out of init. With this option is needed to change pam setting.
-.I /etc/pam.d/crond
-must not enable
-.I pam_loginuid.so
-module.
-.TP
-.B "\-f"
-the same as -n, consistent with other crond implementations.
-.TP
-.B "\-p"
-Allows
-.I Cron
-to accept any user set crontables.
-.TP
-.B "\-P"
-Don't set PATH. PATH is instead inherited from the environment.
-.TP
-.B "\-c"
-This option enables clustering support, as described below.
-.TP
-.B "\-s"
-This option will direct
-.I Cron
-to send the job output to the system log using
-.BR syslog (3).
-This is useful if your system does not have
-.BR sendmail (8)
-installed or if mail is disabled.
-.TP
-.B "\-x"
-This option allows you to set debug flags.
-.TP
-.B "\-V"
-Print version and exit.
-.SH SIGNALS
-When the
-.I SIGHUP
-is received, the
-.I Cron
-daemon will close and reopen its log file. This proves to be useful in
-scripts which rotate and age log files. Naturally, this is not relevant
-if
-.I Cron
-was built to use
-.IR syslog (3).
-.SH CLUSTERING SUPPORT
-In this version of
-.IR Cron
-it is possible to use a network-mounted shared
-.I /var/spool/cron
-across a cluster of hosts and specify that only one of the hosts should
-run the crontab jobs in this directory at any one time. This is done by
-starting
-.I Cron
-with the
-.B \-c
-option, and have the
-.I /var/spool/cron/.cron.hostname
-file contain just one line, which represents the hostname of whichever
-host in the cluster should run the jobs. If this file does not exist, or
-the hostname in it does not match that returned by
-.BR gethostname (2),
-then all crontab files in this directory are ignored. This has no effect
-on cron jobs specified in the
-.I /etc/crontab
-file or on files in the
-.I /etc/cron.d
-directory. These files are always run and considered host-specific.
-.PP
-Rather than editing
-.I /var/spool/cron/.cron.hostname
-directly, use the
-.B \-n
-option of
-.BR crontab (1)
-to specify the host.
-.PP
-You should ensure that all hosts in a cluster, and the file server from
-which they mount the shared crontab directory, have closely synchronised
-clocks, e.g., using
-.BR ntpd (8),
-otherwise the results will be very unpredictable.
-.PP
-Using cluster sharing automatically disables inotify support, because
-inotify cannot be relied on with network-mounted shared file systems.
-.SH CAVEATS
-All
-.BR crontab
-files have to be regular files or symlinks to regular files, they must
-not be executable or writable for anyone else but the owner. This
-requirement can be overridden by using the
-.B \-p
-option on the crond command line. If inotify support is in use, changes
-in the symlinked crontabs are not automatically noticed by the cron
-daemon. The cron daemon must receive a SIGHUP signal to reload the
-crontabs. This is a limitation of the inotify API.
-.PP
-The syslog output will be used instead of mail, when sendmail is not
-installed.
-.SH "SEE ALSO"
-.BR crontab (1),
-.BR crontab (5),
-.BR inotify (7),
-.BR pam (8)
-.SH AUTHOR
-.MT vixie@isc.org
-Paul Vixie
-.ME
-.br
-.MT mmaslano@redhat.com
-Marcela Mašláňová
-.ME
-.br
-.MT colin@colin-dean.org
-Colin Dean
-.ME
-.br
-.MT tmraz@fedoraproject.org
-Tomáš Mráz
-.ME