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diff --git a/upstream/mageia-cauldron/man1/abc2midi.1 b/upstream/mageia-cauldron/man1/abc2midi.1 new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f5488955 --- /dev/null +++ b/upstream/mageia-cauldron/man1/abc2midi.1 @@ -0,0 +1,568 @@ +.TH ABC2MIDI 1 "June 2017" +.SH NAME +\fBabc2midi\fP \- converts abc file to MIDI file(s) +.SH SYNOPSIS +abc2midi \fIinfile\fP [\fIrefnum\fP] [\-c] [\-v] [\-ver] [\-t] [\-n limit] [\-CS] [\-quiet] [\-silent] [\-Q tempo] [\-NFNP] [\-NFER] [\-NGRA] [\-NGUI] [\-STFW] [\-OCC] [\-NCOM] [\-HARP] [\-BF] [\-TT] [\-o outfile] \-CSM [filename] +.SH DESCRIPTION + The default action is to write a MIDI file for each abc tune + with the filename <stem>N.mid, where <stem> is the filestem + of the abc file and N is the tune reference number. If the \-o + option is used, only one file is written. This is the tune + specified by the reference number or, if no reference number + is given, the first tune in the file. +.SH OPTIONS +.TP +.B \fIrefnum\fP +process the tune with reference number \fIrefnum\fP +.TP +.B -c +selects checking only +.TP +.B -v n +selects verbose option where n is the level (optional) +.TP +.B -ver +prints version number and exits +.TP +.B -t +selects filenames derived from tune titles +.TP +.B -CS +use 2:1 instead of 3:1 for broken rhythms +.TP +.B -quiet +Suppresses some common warnings. +.TP +.B -silent +Suppresses other messages. +.TP +.B -n \fI X\fP +limits the length of the file name stem to X characters +.TP +.B -Q \fI tempo\fP +sets the default tempo in quarter notes per minute if it was not +specified in the abc header. +.TP +.B -NFNP +Ignore any dynamic indications !f! !ff! etc. +.TP +.B -NFER +Ignore any fermata indications (eg H or !fermata!). +.TP +.B -NGRA +Ignore any grace notes. +.TP +.B -NGUI +Ignore any guitar chords enclosed in double quotes. +.TP +.B -STFW +Place lyric text in separate MIDI tracks. +.TP +.B -NCOM +Suppress some comments in the output MIDI file. +.TP +.B -OCC +Accept old chord convention (eg +D2G2+ instead of [DG]2). +.TP +.B -BF +BarFly mode: invokes a stress model if possible. +.TP +.B -HARP +Roll ornaments=roll are generated for the harpist (same pitch) +.TP +.B -TT +Changes the tuning from A = 440 Hz. +.TP +.B -o \fIoutfile\fP +write output to \fIoutfile\fP +.TP +.B -CSM \fIinfile\fP +load a set of custom stress modes from a file +.SH FEATURES +.PP +* Broken rhythms (>, <), chords, n-tuples, slurring, ties, staccatto notes, +repeats, in-tune tempo/length/time signature changes are all supported. +.PP +* R:hornpipe or r:hornpipe is recognized and note timings are adjusted to +give a broken rhythm (ab is converted to a>b). +.PP +* Most errors in the abc input will generate a suitable error message in +the output and the converter keeps going. +.PP +* Comments and text fields in the abc source are converted to text events +in the MIDI output +.PP +* If guitar chords are present, they are used to generate an accompaniment +in the MIDI output. +.PP +* If there are mis-matched repeat signs in the abc, the program attempts to +fix them. However, it will not attempt this if a multi-part tune +description has been used or if multiple voices are in use. +.PP +* Karaoke MIDI files can be generated by using the w: field to include +lyrics. +.PP +* Nonnumeric voice id's, eg. V: soprano, as proposed for the new +abc standard is accepted. +.PP +* Invisible rests specified by x are treated the same way as +normal rests (z). +.PP +* Decorations may be indicated using either the deprecated +notation (eg. !fermata!) or the standard version 2.0 notation +(eg. +fermata+). +.PP +.SH LIMITATIONS +* No field is inherited from above the X: field of the tune. + + +.SH "ABC SYNTAX EXTENSIONS" +* There are some extensions to the abc syntax of the form +.PP +%%MIDI channel n +.PP +These control channel and program selection, transposing and various +other features of abc2midi. +.PP +Each of these should appear on a line by itself. All of them are allowed +within the abc tune body. By using these in combination with the part +notation, one can, for example, play a part transposed or in a different key. +.PP +The idea behind this syntax is that other programs will treat it as a +comment and ignore it. +.PP +%%MIDI channel n +.PP +selects melody channel n (in the range 1-16). +.PP +%%MIDI program [c] n +.PP +selects program n (in the range 0-127) on channel c. If c is not given, the +program is selected on the current melody channel. Most modern tone +generators follow the General MIDI standard which defines the instrument +type for each program number. +.PP +%%MIDI beat a b c n +.PP +controls the way note velocities are selected. The first note in a bar has +velocity a. Other "strong" notes have velocity b and all the rest have velocity +c. a, b and c must be in the range 0-127. The parameter n determines which +notes are "strong". If the time signature is x/y, then each note is given +a position number k = 0, 1, 2 .. x-1 within each bar. Note that the units for +n are not the unit note length. If k is a multiple of n, then the note is +"strong". The volume specifiers !ppp! to !fff! are equivalent to the +following : +.P +!ppp! = %%MIDI beat 30 20 10 1 +.br +!pp! = %%MIDI beat 45 35 20 1 +.br +!p! = %%MIDI beat 60 50 35 1 +.br +!mp! = %%MIDI beat 75 65 50 1 +.br +!mf! = %%MIDI beat 90 80 65 1 +.br +!f! = %%MIDI beat 105 95 80 1 +.br +!ff! = %%MIDI beat 120 110 95 1 +.br +!fff! = %%MIDI beat 127 125 110 1 + +.PP +%%MIDI beatmod n +.PP +Increments by n (or decrements if n is negative) the velocities a, b and +c described above. The instructions !crescendo(! and !crescendo)! +are equivalent to inserting a %%MIDI beatmod 15 wherever they +occur. (Alternatively you can use !<(! and !<)!.) Similarly the +instructions !diminuendo(! and !diminuendo)! are equivalent +to %%MIDI beatmod \-15. + +.PP +%%MIDI deltaloudness n +.PP +where n is a small positive number. By default the crescendo and +diminuendo instructions modify the beat variables a, b, and c by +15 velocity units. This instruction allows you to set this default +to value n. + +.PP +%%MIDI nobeataccents +.PP +For instruments such as church organ that have no greatly emphasized beat notes, +using this will force use of the 'b' velocity (see %%MIDI beat) +for every note irrespective of position in the bar. This allows dynamics +(ff, f, etc) to be used in the normal way. +.PP +%%MIDI beataccents +.PP +Revert to emphasizing notes the the usual way. (default) + +.PP +%%MIDI beatstring <string of f, m and p> +.PP +This provides an alternative way of specifying where the strong and weak +stresses fall within a bar. 'f' means velocity a (normally strong), 'm' +means velocity b (medium velocity) and 'p' means velocity c (soft velocity). +For example, if the time signature is 7/8 with stresses on the first, fourth +and sixth notes in the bar, we could use the following +.PP +%%MIDI beatstring fppmpmp +.PP +%%MIDI transpose n +.PP +transposes the output by the specified number of semitones. n may be +positive or negative. +.PP +%%MIDI rtranspose n +.PP +Relative transpose by the specified number of semitones. i.e. +%%MIDI transpose a followed by %%MIDI rtranspose b results in a +transposition of a+b. %%MIDI transpose b will result in a transposition +of b semitones, regardless of any previous transposition. +.PP +%%MIDI c n +.PP +specifies the MIDI pitch which corresponds to c. The default is 60. This +number should normally be a multiple of 12. +.PP +%%MIDI grace a/b +.PP +sets the fraction of the next note that grace notes will take up. a +must be between 1 and b-1. The grace notes may not sound natural +in this approach, since the length of the individual grace notes +vary with the complexity of the grace and the length of the +following note. A different approach (which is now the default) +assumes that the grace notes always have a fixed duration. +To use the other approach you would specify, + +%%MIDI gracedivider b + +where b specifies how many parts to divide the unit length +specified by the L: field command. For example if b = 4 and +L: = 1/8, then every grace note would be 1/(8*4) or a 32nd +note. Time would be stolen from the note to which the grace +notes are applied. If that note is not long enough to handle +the grace then the grace notes would be assigned 0 duration. + + + +.PP +%%MIDI chordname name n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 n6 +.PP +Defines how to play a guitar chord called "name". n1 is usually 0 and +n2, n3 to n6 give the pitches of the other notes in semitones relative +to the root note. There may be fewer than 6 notes in the chord, but not +more.If "name" is already defined, this command re-defines it. Unlike +most other commands, chordname definitions stay in effect from where they +are defined to the end of the abc file. The following illustrates how +m, 7, m7 and maj7 could be set up if they were not already defined. +.PP +%%MIDI chordname m 0 3 7 +.br +%%MIDI chordname 7 0 4 7 10 +.br +%%MIDI chordname m7 0 3 7 10 +.br +%%MIDI chordname maj7 0 4 7 11 +.PP +%%MIDI gchord string +.PP +sets up how guitar chords are generated. The string is a sequence made of +of z's, c's f's and b's for rests, chords, fundamental and fundamental +plus chord notes respectively. This specifies how each bar is to be played. +An optional length is allowed to follow the z's, c's f's and b's e.g. czf2zf3. +If the abc contains guitar chords, then abc2midi automatically adds chords and +fundamentals after encountering the first guitar chord. It keeps using that +chord until a new chord is specified in the abc. Whenever the M: field is +encountered in the abc, an appropriate default string is set : +.P +For 2/4 or 4/4 time default is equivalent to : +%%MIDI gchord fzczfzcz +.P +For 3/4 time default is equivalent to : +%%MIDI gchord fzczcz +.P +For 6/8 time default is equivalent to : +%%MIDI gchord fzcfzc +.P +For 9/8 time default is equivalent to : +%%MIDI gchord fzcfzcfzc +.P + +The gchord command has been extended to allow you to play +the individual notes comprising the guitar chord. This allows +you to play broken chords or arpeggios. The new codes g,h,i,j, +G,H,I,J reference the individual notes starting from the +lowest note of the chord (not necessarily the root in the +case of inversions). For example for the C major chord, g +refers to C, h refers to E and i refers to G. For a gchord +command such as, +.P +%%MIDI gchord ghih +.P +Abc2midi will arpeggiate the C major guitar chord to +CEGE. The upper case letters G,H,I, and J refer to +the same notes except they are transposed down one +octave. Note for the first inversion of the C major +chord (indicated by "C/E"), E would be the lowest +note so g would reference the note E. +.P +Like other gchord codes, you may append a numeral indicating +the duration of the note. The same rules apply as before. +You can use any combination of the gchord codes, +(fcbghijGHIJz). + + +.PP +%%MIDI chordprog n +.PP +Sets the MIDI instrument for the chords to be n. If the command +includes the string octave=n where n is a number between \-2 and 2 +inclusive, then this will shift the pitch of the instrument by n +octaves. For example %%MIDI chordprog 10 octave=1.) + +.PP +%%MIDI bassprog n +.PP +Sets the MIDI instrument for the bass notes to be n. If the command +includes the string octave=n where n is a number between \-2 and 2 +inclusive, then this will shift the pitch of the instrument by n +octaves. For example %%MIDI bassprog 10 octave=\-1.) +.PP +%%MIDI chordvol n +.PP +Sets the volume (velocity) of the chord notes at n. +.PP +%%MIDI bassvol n +.PP +Sets the volume (velocity) of the bass notes at n. There is no corresponding +melodyvol command since there are 3 velocity values for melody, set using the +beat command. +.PP +%%MIDI gchordon +.PP +Turns on guitar chords (they are turned on by default at the start of a +tune). +.PP +%%MIDI gchordoff +.PP +Turns off guitar chords. +.PP +%%MIDI droneon +.PP +Turns on a continuous drone (used in bagpipe music) consisting +of two notes. By default the notes are A, and A,, played +on a bassoon at a velocity of 80. This can be configured +by the %%MIDI drone command described below. +.PP +%%MIDI droneoff +.PP +Turns off the continuous drone. +.PP +%%MIDI drone n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 +.PP +Sets the drone parameters where n1 is the MIDI program, n2 and +n3 specify the MIDI pitches of the two notes in the chord, and n4 +and n5 specify the MIDI velocities of the two notes. +If you do not set these parameters they are by default +70 45 33 80 80. A value of zero or less indicates that +the setting of this parameter should be left as it is. +.PP +%%MIDI drum string [drum programs] [drum velocities] +.PP +This sets up a drum pattern. The string determines when there is a drum beat +and the drum program values determine what each drum strike sounds like. +.PP +e.g. %%MIDI drum d2zdd 35 38 38 100 50 50 +.PP +The string may contain 'd' for a drum strike or 'z' for a rest. By default +a voice starts with no drum pattern and '%%MIDI drumon' is +needed to enable the drumming. The drum pattern is repeated during +each bar until '%%MIDI drumoff' is encountered. The %%MIDI drum +command may be used within a tune to change the drum pattern. +This command places the drum sounds on channel 10 and +assumes your tone generator complies with the General Midi standard - if +it does not, then you may hear tones instead of drum sounds. +.PP +In both the gchord and drum commands, the standard note length of +a single note f,c,z or d is not set by the L: command. Instead it +is adjusted so that the entire gchord string or drum string fits +exactly into one bar. In other words the duration of each note +is divided by the total duration of the string. This means that, +for example, the drum string "dd" is equivalent to drum string "d4d4". +You cannot currently specify fractions directly (eg. C3/2) +as done in the body of the music, but it is still possible to express +complex rhythms. For example, to indicate a rhythm such as +(3ddd d/d/d/d, you would write the string "d4d4d4d3d3d3d3". +.PP +%%MIDI drumbars n +.PP +The %%MIDI drum line can sound quite monotonous if it is repeated +each bar. To circumvent this problem a new MIDI command +%%MIDI drumbars n +where n is a small number will spread out the drum string over +n consecutive bars. By default drumbars is set to 1 maintaining +compatibility with existing abc files. You should take +care that the drumstring is evenly divisible between the +drumbar bars. Also the time signature should not change +between bars in a drumbar unit. (Sample abc file in doc/CHANGES +June 24 2008.) +.PP +%%MIDI gchordbars n +.PP +This command spreads the gchord string over n consecutive bars +just like drumbars (above). (A sample is found in doc/CHANGES +March 17 2009.) + + + + +.PP +With version 1.54 Dec 4 2004 of abc2midi, notes in chords +(eg. [FAc]) are not played in the same instant but offsetted +and shortened by 10 MIDI time units. Thus the first note +in the chord (eg. F) is played for the full indicated time, +the second note (eg. A) starts 10 MIDI units later and is shortened +by the same amount and the third note starts another 10 MIDI +units later and is shortened by another 10 units. This introduces +an "expressivo" option and avoids the heavy attack. (This +does not apply to gchords or multivoiced chords.) The amount +of the delay and shortening may be configured by the MIDI command + +.PP +%%MIDI chordattack n + +.PP +where n is a small number. If n is zero, then abc2midi should +behave as in earlier versions. The delay n is in MIDI time units +where there are 480 units in a quarter note beat. The program +may not run correctly if n is too large and there are short +chords. + +.PP +%%MIDI randomchordattack n +.PP +Like above except that the delay is a random variable uniformly +distributed between 0 and n-1. + +.PP +%%MIDI trim x/y +.PP +where x and y are two numbers. This command controls the articulation +of notes and chords by placing silent gaps between the notes. The length +of these gaps is determined by x/y and the unit length specified by the L: +command. These gaps are produced by shortening the notes by the same amount. +If the note is already shorter than the specified gap, then the gap +is set to half the length of the note. The fraction x/y indicates +a note duration in the same manner as specified in the abc file. +The actual duration is based on the unit length specified by the +L: field command. It is recommended that x/y be a fraction close +to zero. Note trimming is disabled inside slurs as specified by +parentheses. You can turn off all note trimming by setting x to 0, +eg 0/1. By default, note trimming is turned off at the beginning +of a tune or voice command. + +.PP +%%MIDI expand x/y +.PP +where x and y are two numbers defining a fraction less than 1. +This command controls the articulation of notes and chords in the +reverse manner. The notes are lengthened by this fraction so they +overlap the start of the next note. + + +.PP +%%MIDI drummap note midipitch +.PP +Please see abcguide.txt. +.PP +%%MIDI ptstress filename +.PP +This command loads file filename into abc2midi which contains +the Phil Taylor stress parameters and puts abc2midi in the mode +where it applies these stress parameters on every note. This +model runs in opposition to the standard beat model, so the +MIDI beat, beatstring, beatmod commands become ineffectual. +This also means that the dynamic indications !f! !pp! etc. +do not work any more. +.PP +There are two different implementations of the stress model. +Model 1 modifies the note articulation and takes +control of the MIDI trim parameters too. To revert back to +the standard model, put the command %%MIDI beataccents. +Model 2 modifies both the onset and ending of each note +allowing a musical beat to expand or contract in time. However, +the length of a musical measure should be preserved. Note +if you using model 2, which the current default, you must +include \-BF as one of the runtime parameters of abc2midi. +.PP +The model divides a bar into equal segments. For each segment, +a loudness or MIDI velocity is specified and a duration multiplier +is specified. If a note falls into a specific segment, it assumes +the velocity of that segment and its duration is modified +accordingly. If the note overlaps more than one segment, then +the note assumes the average of those segment values. +.PP +The input file specifies the number of segments and the loudness +and duration multipliers for each segment. The file has the +following format. The first value is the number of segments and each line +specifies the velocity and duration multiplier of the specific +segment. The velocity is limited to 127 and the duration is a +decimal number. The note durations is modified by varying the +gap between notes, so it is not possible to extend a note. This +preserves the regular tempo of the music. The program scales, +the note duration indications by dividing it by the maximum +value which here is 1.4. + +.PP +%%MIDI stressmodel n +.PP + +where n is either 1 or 2, selects the stress model implementation. + +.PP + other %%MIDI commands such as bendvelocity, bendstring, +controlstring have been introduced recently and are described +in the file abcguide.txt. + + + +.SH "COMPATIBILITY WITH DRAFT STANDARD 2.0" + +.PP +The proposed standard introduces a new copyright field +using the syntax + +.PP +%%abc-copyright (c) Copyright John Smith 2003 + +.PP +Abc2midi now inserts this in the MIDI file in the form of a +metatext copyright tag. Changes were made to the event_specific +function in store.c to process the copyright information. It +is also copied into the Karaoke track (if it is created) as +as @T field. + +.PP + + +.SH SEE ALSO +abc2ps(1), midi2abc(1), yaps(1). +.SH AUTHOR +James Allwright <J.R.Allwright@westminster.ac.uk> +.SH SUPPORTED + by Seymour Shlien <fy733@ncf.ca> +.SH VERSION +This man page describes abc2midi version 2.27 June 25 2006. +.SH COPYRIGHT +Copyright 1999 James Allwright +.PP +abc2midi is supplied "as is" without any warranty. It +is free software and can be used, copied, modified and +distributed without fee under the terms of the GNU General +Public License. +.PP +More complete documentation may be found in abcguide.txt +which comes with the abcMIDI distribution. |