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+.\" This man page was generated by the Netpbm tool 'makeman' from HTML source.
+.\" Do not hand-hack it!  If you have bug fixes or improvements, please find
+.\" the corresponding HTML page on the Netpbm website, generate a patch
+.\" against that, and send it to the Netpbm maintainer.
+.TH "Fax Formats" 1 "03 December 2008" "netpbm documentation"
+
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.PP
+This page, part of the
+.BR "Netpbm user's guide" (1)\c
+\&,
+describes FAX formats in relation to Netpbm facilities.
+
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.PP
+The ITU (formerly CCITT) publishes standards for operation of fax machines
+(the idea is to provide a way to be sure that a fax machine is able to receive
+a fax sent by another).  These standards incidentally specify graphics file
+formats -- a protocol for representing a visual image in sequences of bits.
+.PP
+The two relevant standards are called Group 3 (G3) and Group 4 (G4) (Groups
+1 and 2 are analog standards no longer in use).  Virtually every fax machine
+in existence conforms at least generally to at least one of these standards.
+.PP
+The standard for Group 3 fax is defined in ITU Recommendation T.4.  In the
+U.S., that is implemented by EIA standards EIA-465 and EIA-466.  These
+standards cover more than the file format as well, including how to transmit
+bits over a telephone line and procedures for handling document transmissions.
+.PP
+G3 faxes are 204 dots per inch (dpi) horizontally and 98 dpi (196
+dpi optionally, in fine-detail mode) vertically.
+.PP
+The standards specify three file formats (also called coding methods and
+compression schemes -- remember the standard doesn't mention computer files;
+it talks about the format of a stream of bits travelling over a telephone
+line):
+
+
+
+.TP
+MH
+This compresses in one dimension: it compresses individual raster lines
+but makes no attempt to compress redundancy between lines.
+.sp
+One dimensional compression is traditionally the best a fax machine could
+handle because G3 neither assumes error free transmission not retransmits when
+errors occur, and receiving fax machines traditionally could not afford to
+buffer much of a page.  It's important that when there is an error in a raster
+line, its impact not spread to many lines after it.
+.sp
+All Group 3 and Group 4 fax machines must be able to send and receive MH.
+.sp
+MH is sometimes called "G3," but that is a poor name because
+while the Group 3 standard does specify MH, it has always specified other
+formats too.
+.sp
+MH is sometimes called "T4" based on the name of the
+document that specifies it, ITU T.4.  But this is a poor name because
+T.4 also specifies MR.
+
+
+.TP
+MR
+This compresses in two dimensions, horizontally and vertically.
+.sp
+MR has always been part of the Group 3 standard, but is optional
+(a Group 3 fax machine may or may not be able to send and receive it).
+
+.TP
+MMR
+This is a more advanced format than the others.  It is even more
+two-dimensional than MR.  It is optional in the Group 3 standard, and didn't
+even exist in earlier versions of it.  It was developed specifically for the
+Group 4 standard, but then added to an extended Group 3 standard as well.
+.sp
+MMR is sometimes called Group 4, but that is a poor name because of
+the fact that it is also part of the current Group 3 standard.
+.sp
+MMR is sometimes called "T6" based on the name of the document
+ that specifies it, ITU T.6.
+
+
+.PP
+\fBg3topbm\fP converts the MH format to PBM.  \fBpbmtog3\fP converts
+PBM to MH.
+.PP
+There is no Netpbm program to convert to or from other fax formats.
+
+.SH TIFF
+.PP
+The TIFF format is flexible enough to allow lots of different coding
+methods, within it.  There are TIFF subformats for MH, MR, and MMR, among
+others.  These are particularly useful when you receive a fax as a TIFF file.
+.PP
+\fBtifftopnm\fP recognizes and can convert from any of these.
+.PP
+\fBpamtotiff\fP can convert to any of these; you use command options
+to choose which.
+.SH DOCUMENT SOURCE
+This manual page was generated by the Netpbm tool 'makeman' from HTML
+source.  The master documentation is at
+.IP
+.B http://netpbm.sourceforge.net/doc/faxformat.html
+.PP
+\ No newline at end of file