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diff --git a/upstream/mageia-cauldron/man1p/paste.1p b/upstream/mageia-cauldron/man1p/paste.1p new file mode 100644 index 00000000..91ee9c6c --- /dev/null +++ b/upstream/mageia-cauldron/man1p/paste.1p @@ -0,0 +1,370 @@ +'\" et +.TH PASTE "1P" 2017 "IEEE/The Open Group" "POSIX Programmer's Manual" +.\" +.SH PROLOG +This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual. +The Linux implementation of this interface may differ (consult +the corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior), +or the interface may not be implemented on Linux. +.\" +.SH NAME +paste +\(em merge corresponding or subsequent lines of files +.SH SYNOPSIS +.LP +.nf +paste \fB[\fR-s\fB] [\fR-d \fIlist\fB] \fIfile\fR... +.fi +.SH DESCRIPTION +The +.IR paste +utility shall concatenate the corresponding lines of the given input +files, and write the resulting lines to standard output. +.P +The default operation of +.IR paste +shall concatenate the corresponding lines of the input files. The +<newline> +of every line except the line from the last input file shall be +replaced with a +<tab>. +.P +If an end-of-file condition is detected on one or more input files, but +not all input files, +.IR paste +shall behave as though empty lines were read from the files on which +end-of-file was detected, unless the +.BR \-s +option is specified. +.SH OPTIONS +The +.IR paste +utility shall conform to the Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1\(hy2017, +.IR "Section 12.2" ", " "Utility Syntax Guidelines". +.P +The following options shall be supported: +.IP "\fB\-d\ \fIlist\fR" 10 +Unless a +<backslash> +character appears in +.IR list , +each character in +.IR list +is an element specifying a delimiter character. If a +<backslash> +character appears in +.IR list , +the +<backslash> +character and one or more characters following it are an element +specifying a delimiter character as described below. These elements +specify one or more delimiters to use, instead of the default +<tab>, +to replace the +<newline> +of the input lines. The elements in +.IR list +shall be used circularly; that is, when the list is exhausted the first +element from the list is reused. When the +.BR \-s +option is specified: +.RS 10 +.IP " *" 4 +The last +<newline> +in a file shall not be modified. +.IP " *" 4 +The delimiter shall be reset to the first element of +.IR list +after each +.IR file +operand is processed. +.P +When the +.BR \-s +option is not specified: +.IP " *" 4 +The +<newline> +characters in the file specified by the last +.IR file +operand shall not be modified. +.IP " *" 4 +The delimiter shall be reset to the first element of list each time a +line is processed from each file. +.P +If a +<backslash> +character appears in +.IR list , +it and the character following it shall be used to represent the +following delimiter characters: +.IP "\fR\en\fR" 6 +<newline>. +.IP "\fR\et\fR" 6 +<tab>. +.IP "\fR\e\e\fR" 6 +<backslash> +character. +.IP "\fR\e0\fR" 6 +Empty string (not a null character). If +.BR '\e0' +is immediately followed by the character +.BR 'x' , +the character +.BR 'X' , +or any character defined by the +.IR LC_CTYPE +.BR digit +keyword (see the Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1\(hy2017, +.IR "Chapter 7" ", " "Locale"), +the results are unspecified. +.P +If any other characters follow the +<backslash>, +the results are unspecified. +.RE +.IP "\fB\-s\fP" 10 +Concatenate all of the lines from each input file into one line of +output per file, in command line order. The +<newline> +of every line except the last line in each input file shall be replaced +with a +<tab>, +unless otherwise specified by the +.BR \-d +option. If an input file is empty, the output line corresponding to +that file shall consist of only a +<newline> +character. +.SH OPERANDS +The following operand shall be supported: +.IP "\fIfile\fR" 10 +A pathname of an input file. If +.BR '\-' +is specified for one or more of the +.IR file s, +the standard input shall be used; the standard input shall be read one +line at a time, circularly, for each instance of +.BR '\-' . +Implementations shall support pasting of at least 12 +.IR file +operands. +.SH STDIN +The standard input shall be used only if one or more +.IR file +operands is +.BR '\-' . +See the INPUT FILES section. +.SH "INPUT FILES" +The input files shall be text files, except that line lengths shall be +unlimited. +.SH "ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES" +The following environment variables shall affect the execution of +.IR paste : +.IP "\fILANG\fP" 10 +Provide a default value for the internationalization variables that are +unset or null. (See the Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1\(hy2017, +.IR "Section 8.2" ", " "Internationalization Variables" +the precedence of internationalization variables used to determine the +values of locale categories.) +.IP "\fILC_ALL\fP" 10 +If set to a non-empty string value, override the values of all the +other internationalization variables. +.IP "\fILC_CTYPE\fP" 10 +Determine the locale for the interpretation of sequences of bytes of +text data as characters (for example, single-byte as opposed to +multi-byte characters in arguments and input files). +.IP "\fILC_MESSAGES\fP" 10 +.br +Determine the locale that should be used to affect the format and +contents of diagnostic messages written to standard error. +.IP "\fINLSPATH\fP" 10 +Determine the location of message catalogs for the processing of +.IR LC_MESSAGES . +.SH "ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS" +Default. +.SH STDOUT +Concatenated lines of input files shall be separated by the +<tab> +(or other characters under the control of the +.BR \-d +option) and terminated by a +<newline>. +.SH STDERR +The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic messages. +.SH "OUTPUT FILES" +None. +.SH "EXTENDED DESCRIPTION" +None. +.SH "EXIT STATUS" +The following exit values shall be returned: +.IP "\00" 6 +Successful completion. +.IP >0 6 +An error occurred. +.SH "CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS" +If one or more input files cannot be opened when the +.BR \-s +option is not specified, a diagnostic message shall be written to +standard error, but no output is written to standard output. If the +.BR \-s +option is specified, the +.IR paste +utility shall provide the default behavior described in +.IR "Section 1.4" ", " "Utility Description Defaults". +.LP +.IR "The following sections are informative." +.SH "APPLICATION USAGE" +When the escape sequences of the +.IR list +option-argument are used in a shell script, they must be quoted; +otherwise, the shell treats the +<backslash> +as a special character. +.P +Conforming applications should only use the specific +<backslash>-escaped +delimiters presented in this volume of POSIX.1\(hy2017. Historical implementations treat +.BR '\ex' , +where +.BR 'x' +is not in this list, as +.BR 'x' , +but future implementations are free to expand this list to recognize +other common escapes similar to those accepted by +.IR printf +and other standard utilities. +.P +Most of the standard utilities work on text files. The +.IR cut +utility can be used to turn files with arbitrary line lengths into a +set of text files containing the same data. The +.IR paste +utility can be used to create (or recreate) files with arbitrary line +lengths. For example, if +.IR file +contains long lines: +.sp +.RS 4 +.nf + +cut -b 1-500 -n file > file1 +cut -b 501- -n file > file2 +.fi +.P +.RE +.P +creates +.BR file1 +(a text file) with lines no longer than 500 bytes (plus the +<newline>) +and +.BR file2 +that contains the remainder of the data from +.IR file . +Note that +.BR file2 +is not a text file if there are lines in +.IR file +that are longer than 500 + +{LINE_MAX} +bytes. The original file can be recreated from +.BR file1 +and +.BR file2 +using the command: +.sp +.RS 4 +.nf + +paste -d "\e0" file1 file2 > file +.fi +.P +.RE +.P +The commands: +.sp +.RS 4 +.nf + +paste -d "\e0" ... +paste -d "" ... +.fi +.P +.RE +.P +are not necessarily equivalent; the latter is not specified by this volume of POSIX.1\(hy2017 +and may result in an error. The construct +.BR '\e0' +is used to mean ``no separator'' because historical versions of +.IR paste +did not follow the syntax guidelines, and the command: +.sp +.RS 4 +.nf + +paste -d"" ... +.fi +.P +.RE +.P +could not be handled properly by +\fIgetopt\fR(). +.SH EXAMPLES +.IP " 1." 4 +Write out a directory in four columns: +.RS 4 +.sp +.RS 4 +.nf + +ls | paste - - - - +.fi +.P +.RE +.RE +.IP " 2." 4 +Combine pairs of lines from a file into single lines: +.RS 4 +.sp +.RS 4 +.nf + +paste -s -d "\et\en" file +.fi +.P +.RE +.RE +.SH RATIONALE +None. +.SH "FUTURE DIRECTIONS" +None. +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.IR "Section 1.4" ", " "Utility Description Defaults", +.IR "\fIcut\fR\^", +.IR "\fIgrep\fR\^", +.IR "\fIpr\fR\^" +.P +The Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1\(hy2017, +.IR "Chapter 7" ", " "Locale", +.IR "Chapter 8" ", " "Environment Variables", +.IR "Section 12.2" ", " "Utility Syntax Guidelines" +.\" +.SH COPYRIGHT +Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form +from IEEE Std 1003.1-2017, Standard for Information Technology +-- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base +Specifications Issue 7, 2018 Edition, +Copyright (C) 2018 by the Institute of +Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. +In the event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and +The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard +is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at +http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html . +.PP +Any typographical or formatting errors that appear +in this page are most likely +to have been introduced during the conversion of the source files to +man page format. To report such errors, see +https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/reporting_bugs.html . |