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Diffstat (limited to 'upstream/opensuse-tumbleweed/man7/address_families.7')
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diff --git a/upstream/opensuse-tumbleweed/man7/address_families.7 b/upstream/opensuse-tumbleweed/man7/address_families.7 new file mode 100644 index 00000000..4a75b723 --- /dev/null +++ b/upstream/opensuse-tumbleweed/man7/address_families.7 @@ -0,0 +1,390 @@ +.\" Copyright (c) 2018 by Eugene Syromyatnikov <evgsyr@gmail.com>, +.\" and Copyright (c) 2018 Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> +.\" +.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: Linux-man-pages-copyleft +.\" +.TH address_families 7 2023-01-22 "Linux man-pages 6.05.01" +.SH NAME +address_families \- socket address families (domains) +.SH SYNOPSIS +.nf +.BR "#include <sys/types.h>" " /* See NOTES */" +.B #include <sys/socket.h> +.PP +.BI "int socket(int " domain ", int " type ", int " protocol ); +.fi +.SH DESCRIPTION +The +.I domain +argument of the +.BR socket (2) +specifies a communication domain; this selects the protocol +family which will be used for communication. +These families are defined in +.IR <sys/socket.h> . +The formats currently understood by the Linux kernel include: +.TP +.BR AF_UNIX ", " AF_LOCAL +Local communication. +For further information, see +.BR unix (7). +.TP +.B AF_INET +IPv4 Internet protocols. +For further information, see +.BR ip (7). +.TP +.B AF_AX25 +Amateur radio AX.25 protocol. +For further information, see +.BR ax25 (4). +.\" Part of ax25-tools +.TP +.B AF_IPX +IPX \- Novell protocols. +.TP +.B AF_APPLETALK +AppleTalk +For further information, see +.BR ddp (7). +.TP +.B AF_NETROM +AX.25 packet layer protocol. +For further information, see +.BR netrom (4), +.\" Part of ax25-tools package +.UR https://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/AX25-HOWTO/x61.html +.I The Packet Radio Protocols and Linux +.UE +and the +.IR AX.25 ", " NET/ROM ", and " "ROSE network programming" +chapters of the +.UR https://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/AX25-HOWTO/x2107.html +.I Linux Amateur Radio AX.25 HOWTO +.UE . +.TP +.B AF_BRIDGE +Can't be used for creating sockets; +mostly used for bridge links in +.BR rtnetlink (7) +protocol commands. +.TP +.B AF_ATMPVC +Access to raw ATM Permanent Virtual Circuits (PVCs). +For further information, see the +.UR https://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/text/ATM-Linux-HOWTO +.I ATM on Linux HOWTO +.UE . +.TP +.B AF_X25 +ITU-T X.25 / ISO-8208 protocol. +For further information, see +.BR x25 (7). +.TP +.B AF_INET6 +IPv6 Internet protocols. +For further information, see +.BR ipv6 (7). +.TP +.B AF_ROSE +RATS (Radio Amateur Telecommunications Society). +Open Systems environment (ROSE) AX.25 packet layer protocol. +For further information, see the resources listed for +.BR AF_NETROM . +.TP +.B AF_DECnet +DECet protocol sockets. +See +.I Documentation/networking/decnet.txt +in the Linux kernel source tree for details. +.TP +.B AF_NETBEUI +Reserved for "802.2LLC project"; never used. +.TP +.B AF_SECURITY +This was a short-lived (between Linux 2.1.30 and 2.1.99pre2) protocol family +for firewall upcalls. +.TP +.B AF_KEY +Key management protocol, originally developed for usage with IPsec +(since Linux 2.1.38). +This has no relation to +.BR keyctl (2) +and the in-kernel key storage facility. +See +.UR https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2367 +RFC 2367 +.I PF_KEY Key Management API, Version 2 +.UE +for details. +.TP +.B AF_NETLINK +Kernel user interface device. +For further information, see +.BR netlink (7). +.TP +.B AF_PACKET +Low-level packet interface. +For further information, see +.BR packet (7). +.\" .TP +.\" .B AF_ASH +.\" Asynchronous Serial Host protocol (?) +.\" Notes from Eugene Syromyatnikov: +.\" I haven't found any concrete information about this one; +.\" it never was implemented in Linux, at least, judging by historical +.\" repos. There is also this file (and its variations): +.\" https://github.com/ecki/net-tools/blob/master/lib/ash.c +.\" ( https://github.com/ecki/net-tools/commits/master/lib/ash.c ) +.\" it mentions "NET-2 distribution" (BSD Net/2?), but, again, I failed +.\" to find any mentions of "ash" protocol there. +.\" (for the reference: +.\" ftp://pdp11.org.ru/pub/unix-archive/Distributions/UCB/Net2/net2.tar.gz ) +.\" Another source that mentions it is +.\" https://www.silabs.com/documents/public/user-guides/ug101-uart-gateway-protocol-reference.pdf +.\" https://www.silabs.com/documents/public/user-guides/ug115-ashv3-protocol-reference.pdf +.\" but I doubt that it's related, as former files use 64-byte addresses and +.\" "Hamming-encode of hops", and that's barely combines with a protocol +.\" that is mainly used over serial connection. +.TP +.B AF_ECONET +.\" commit: 349f29d841dbae854bd7367be7c250401f974f47 +Acorn Econet protocol (removed in Linux 3.5). +See the +.UR http://www.8bs.com/othrdnld/manuals/econet.shtml +Econet documentation +.UE +for details. +.TP +.B AF_ATMSVC +Access to ATM Switched Virtual Circuits (SVCs) +See the +.UR https://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/text/ATM-Linux-HOWTO +.I ATM on Linux HOWTO +.UE +for details. +.TP +.B AF_RDS +.\" commit: 639b321b4d8f4e412bfbb2a4a19bfebc1e68ace4 +Reliable Datagram Sockets (RDS) protocol (since Linux 2.6.30). +RDS over RDMA has no relation to +.B AF_SMC +or +.BR AF_XDP . +For further information, see +.\" rds-tools: https://github.com/oracle/rds-tools/blob/master/rds.7 +.\" rds-tools: https://github.com/oracle/rds-tools/blob/master/rds-rdma.7 +.BR rds (7), +.BR rds\-rdma (7), +and +.I Documentation/networking/rds.txt +in the Linux kernel source tree. +.TP +.B AF_IRDA +.\" commits: 1ca163afb6fd569b, d64c2a76123f0300 +Socket interface over IrDA +(moved to staging in Linux 4.14, removed in Linux 4.17). +.\" irda-utils: https://sourceforge.net/p/irda/code/HEAD/tree/tags/IRDAUTILS_0_9_18/irda-utils/man/irda.7.gz?format=raw +For further information, see +.BR irda (7). +.TP +.B AF_PPPOX +Generic PPP transport layer, for setting up L2 tunnels +(L2TP and PPPoE). +See +.I Documentation/networking/l2tp.txt +in the Linux kernel source tree for details. +.TP +.B AF_WANPIPE +.\" commits: ce0ecd594d78710422599918a608e96dd1ee6024 +Legacy protocol for wide area network (WAN) connectivity +that was used by Sangoma WAN cards (called "WANPIPE"); +removed in Linux 2.6.21. +.TP +.B AF_LLC +.\" linux-history commit: 34beb106cde7da233d4df35dd3d6cf4fee937caa +Logical link control (IEEE 802.2 LLC) protocol, upper part +of data link layer of ISO/OSI networking protocol stack +(since Linux 2.4); +has no relation to +.BR AF_PACKET . +See chapter +.I 13.5.3. Logical Link Control +in +.I Understanding Linux Kernel Internals +(O'Reilly Media, 2006) +and +.I IEEE Standards for Local Area Networks: Logical Link Control +(The Institute of Electronics and Electronics Engineers, Inc., +New York, New York, 1985) +for details. +See also +.UR https://wiki.linuxfoundation.org/networking/llc +some historical notes +.UE +regarding its development. +.TP +.B AF_IB +.\" commits: 8d36eb01da5d371f..ce117ffac2e93334 +InfiniBand native addressing (since Linux 3.11). +.TP +.B AF_MPLS +.\" commits: 0189197f441602acdca3f97750d392a895b778fd +Multiprotocol Label Switching (since Linux 4.1); +mostly used for configuring MPLS routing via +.BR netlink (7), +as it doesn't expose ability to create sockets to user space. +.TP +.B AF_CAN +.\" commits: 8dbde28d9711475a..5423dd67bd0108a1 +Controller Area Network automotive bus protocol (since Linux 2.6.25). +See +.I Documentation/networking/can.rst +in the Linux kernel source tree for details. +.TP +.B AF_TIPC +.\" commits: b97bf3fd8f6a16966d4f18983b2c40993ff937d4 +TIPC, "cluster domain sockets" protocol (since Linux 2.6.16). +See +.UR http://tipc.io/programming.html +.I TIPC Programmer's Guide +.UE +and the +.UR http://tipc.io/protocol.html +protocol description +.UE +for details. +.TP +.B AF_BLUETOOTH +.\" commits: 8d36eb01da5d371f..ce117ffac2e93334 +Bluetooth low-level socket protocol (since Linux 3.11). +See +.UR https://git.kernel.org\:/pub/scm\:/bluetooth/bluez.git\:/tree/doc/mgmt-api.txt +.I Bluetooth Management API overview +.UE +and +.UR https://people.csail.mit.edu/albert/bluez-intro/ +.I An Introduction to Bluetooth Programming +by Albert Huang +.UE +for details. +.TP +.B AF_IUCV +.\" commit: eac3731bd04c7131478722a3c148b78774553116 +IUCV (inter-user communication vehicle) z/VM protocol +for hypervisor-guest interaction (since Linux 2.6.21); +has no relation to +.B AF_VSOCK +and/or +.B AF_SMC +See +.UR https://www.ibm.com\:/support\:/knowledgecenter\:/en/SSB27U_6.4.0\:/com.ibm.zvm.v640.hcpb4\:/iucv.htm +.I IUCV protocol overview +.UE +for details. +.TP +.B AF_RXRPC +.\" commit: 17926a79320afa9b95df6b977b40cca6d8713cea +.\" http://people.redhat.com/~dhowells/rxrpc/ +.\" https://www.infradead.org/~dhowells/kafs/af_rxrpc_client.html +.\" http://workshop.openafs.org/afsbpw09/talks/thu_2/kafs.pdf +.\" http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~remzi/OSTEP/dist-afs.pdf +.\" http://web.mit.edu/kolya/afs/rx/rx-spec +Rx, Andrew File System remote procedure call protocol +(since Linux 2.6.22). +See +.I Documentation/networking/rxrpc.txt +in the Linux kernel source tree for details. +.TP +.B AF_ISDN +.\" commit: 1b2b03f8e514e4f68e293846ba511a948b80243c +New "modular ISDN" driver interface protocol (since Linux 2.6.27). +See the +.UR http://www.misdn.eu/wiki/Main_Page/ +mISDN wiki +.UE +for details. +.TP +.B AF_PHONET +.\" commit: 4b07b3f69a8471cdc142c51461a331226fef248a +Nokia cellular modem IPC/RPC interface (since Linux 2.6.31). +See +.I Documentation/networking/phonet.txt +in the Linux kernel source tree for details. +.TP +.B AF_IEEE802154 +.\" commit: 9ec7671603573ede31207eb5b0b3e1aa211b2854 +IEEE 802.15.4 WPAN (wireless personal area network) raw packet protocol +(since Linux 2.6.31). +See +.I Documentation/networking/ieee802154.txt +in the Linux kernel source tree for details. +.TP +.B AF_CAIF +.\" commit: 529d6dad5bc69de14cdd24831e2a14264e93daa4 +.\" https://lwn.net/Articles/371017/ +.\" http://read.pudn.com/downloads157/doc/comm/698729/Misc/caif/Com%20CPU%20to%20Appl%20CPU%20Interface%20DESCRIPTION_LZN901%202002_revR1C.pdf +.\" http://read.pudn.com/downloads157/doc/comm/698729/Misc/caif/Com%20CPU%20to%20Appl%20CPU%20Interface%20PROTOCOL%20SPECIFICATION_LZN901%201708_revR1A.pdf +Ericsson's Communication CPU to Application CPU interface (CAIF) protocol +(since Linux 2.6.36). +See +.I Documentation/networking/caif/Linux\-CAIF.txt +in the Linux kernel source tree for details. +.TP +.B AF_ALG +Interface to kernel crypto API (since Linux 2.6.38). +See +.I Documentation/crypto/userspace\-if.rst +in the Linux kernel source tree for details. +.TP +.B AF_VSOCK +.\" commit: d021c344051af91f42c5ba9fdedc176740cbd238 +VMWare VSockets protocol for hypervisor-guest interaction (since Linux 3.9); +has no relation to +.B AF_IUCV +and +.BR AF_SMC . +For further information, see +.BR vsock (7). +.TP +.B AF_KCM +.\" commit: 03c8efc1ffeb6b82a22c1af8dd908af349563314 +KCM (kernel connection multiplexer) interface (since Linux 4.6). +See +.I Documentation/networking/kcm.txt +in the Linux kernel source tree for details. +.TP +.B AF_QIPCRTR +.\" commit: bdabad3e363d825ddf9679dd431cca0b2c30f881 +Qualcomm IPC router interface protocol (since Linux 4.7). +.TP +.B AF_SMC +.\" commit: f3a3e248f3f7cd9a4bed334022704d7e7fc781bf +SMC-R (shared memory communications over RDMA) protocol (since Linux 4.11), +and SMC-D (shared memory communications, direct memory access) protocol +for intra-node z/VM quest interaction (since Linux 4.19); +has no relation to +.BR AF_RDS ", " AF_IUCV +or +.BR AF_VSOCK . +See +.UR https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7609 +RFC 7609 +.I IBM's Shared Memory Communications over RDMA (SMC-R) Protocol +.UE +for details regarding SMC-R. +See +.UR https://www-01.ibm.com\:/software/network\:/commserver\:/SMC-D/index.html +.I SMC-D Reference Information +.UE +for details regarding SMC-D. +.TP +.B AF_XDP +.\" commit: c0c77d8fb787cfe0c3fca689c2a30d1dad4eaba7 +XDP (express data path) interface (since Linux 4.18). +See +.I Documentation/networking/af_xdp.rst +in the Linux kernel source tree for details. +.SH SEE ALSO +.BR socket (2), +.BR socket (7) |