path: root/po/fr/man7/epoll.7.po

# French translation of manpages
# This file is distributed under the same license as the manpages-l10n package.
# Copyright © of this file:
# Christophe Blaess <https://www.blaess.fr/christophe/>, 1996-2003.
# Stéphan Rafin <stephan.rafin@laposte.net>, 2002.
# Thierry Vignaud <tvignaud@mandriva.com>, 1999,2002.
# François Micaux, 2002.
# Alain Portal <aportal@univ-montp2.fr>, 2003-2008.
# Jean-Philippe Guérard <fevrier@tigreraye.org>, 2005-2006.
# Jean-Luc Coulon (f5ibh) <jean-luc.coulon@wanadoo.fr>, 2006-2007.
# Julien Cristau <jcristau@debian.org>, 2006-2007.
# Thomas Huriaux <thomas.huriaux@gmail.com>, 2006-2008.
# Nicolas François <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net>, 2006-2008.
# Florentin Duneau <fduneau@gmail.com>, 2006-2010.
# Simon Paillard <simon.paillard@resel.enst-bretagne.fr>, 2006.
# Denis Barbier <barbier@debian.org>, 2006,2010.
# David Prévot <david@tilapin.org>, 2010-2014.
# Jean-Paul Guillonneau <guillonneau.jeanpaul@free.fr>, 2021
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: perkamon\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-03-01 16:55+0100\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-10-21 16:13+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Jean-Paul Guillonneau <guillonneau.jeanpaul@free.fr>\n"
"Language-Team: French <debian-l10n-french@lists.debian.org>\n"
"Language: fr\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=n > 1;\n"
"X-Generator: vim\n"

#. type: TH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "epoll"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: archlinux fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#, no-wrap
msgid "2023-10-31"
msgstr "31 octobre 2023"

#. type: TH
#: archlinux fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.06"
msgstr "Pages du manuel de Linux 6.06"

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "NAME"
msgstr "NOM"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "epoll - I/O event notification facility"
msgstr "epoll – Notifications d'événements d'entrées et sorties"

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "SYNOPSIS"
msgstr "SYNOPSIS"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<#include E<lt>sys/epoll.hE<gt>>\n"
msgstr "B<#include E<lt>sys/epoll.hE<gt>>\n"

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "DESCRIPTION"
msgstr "DESCRIPTION"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The B<epoll> API performs a similar task to B<poll>(2): monitoring multiple "
"file descriptors to see if I/O is possible on any of them.  The B<epoll> API "
"can be used either as an edge-triggered or a level-triggered interface and "
"scales well to large numbers of watched file descriptors."
msgstr ""
"L'interface de programmation (API) B<epoll> réalise une tâche similaire à "
"B<poll>(2) : surveiller plusieurs descripteurs de fichier pour voir si des E/"
"S y sont possibles. L'API B<epoll> peut être déclenchée par changement de "
"niveau ou par changement d'état et s'adapte bien à un grand nombre de "
"descripteurs surveillés."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The central concept of the B<epoll> API is the B<epoll> I<instance>, an in-"
"kernel data structure which, from a user-space perspective, can be "
"considered as a container for two lists:"
msgstr ""
"Le concept central de l’API B<epoll> est l’I<instance> d’B<epoll>, une "
"structure interne au noyau qui, du point de vue espace utilisateur, peut "
"être considérée comme un conteneur pour deux listes :"

#. type: IP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\[bu]"
msgstr "-"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The I<interest> list (sometimes also called the B<epoll> set): the set of "
"file descriptors that the process has registered an interest in monitoring."
msgstr ""
"La liste I<interest> (parfois appelée l’ensemble B<epoll>) : l’ensemble des "
"descripteurs de fichier que le processus a enregistrés comme intéressants à "
"surveiller."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The I<ready> list: the set of file descriptors that are \"ready\" for I/O.  "
"The ready list is a subset of (or, more precisely, a set of references to)  "
"the file descriptors in the interest list.  The ready list is dynamically "
"populated by the kernel as a result of I/O activity on those file "
"descriptors."
msgstr ""
"La liste I<ready> : l’ensemble des descripteurs de fichier prêts (ready) "
"pour des E/S. Cette liste est un sous-ensemble de (plus précisément, un "
"ensemble de références de) descripteurs de fichier de la liste I<interest>.  "
"La liste I<ready> est alimentée dynamiquement par le noyau selon le résultat "
"des activités d’E/S de ces descripteurs de fichier."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The following system calls are provided to create and manage an B<epoll> "
"instance:"
msgstr ""
"Les appels système suivants sont fournis pour créer et gérer une instance "
"d’B<epoll> :"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"B<epoll_create>(2)  creates a new B<epoll> instance and returns a file "
"descriptor referring to that instance.  (The more recent "
"B<epoll_create1>(2)  extends the functionality of B<epoll_create>(2).)"
msgstr ""
"B<epoll_create>(2) crée une instance d’B<epoll> et renvoie un descripteur de "
"fichier référençant cette instance. La version plus récente "
"d'B<epoll_create1>(2) étend les fonctionnalités d'B<epoll_create>(2)."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Interest in particular file descriptors is then registered via "
"B<epoll_ctl>(2), which adds items to the interest list of the B<epoll> "
"instance."
msgstr ""
"L'intérêt pour des descripteurs de fichier particuliers est ensuite "
"enregistré avec B<epoll_ctl>(2), qui ajoute les articles dans la liste "
"I<interest> de l’instance d’B<epoll>."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"B<epoll_wait>(2)  waits for I/O events, blocking the calling thread if no "
"events are currently available.  (This system call can be thought of as "
"fetching items from the ready list of the B<epoll> instance.)"
msgstr ""
"B<epoll_wait>(2) attend les événements d'E/S, en bloquant le thread appelant "
"si aucun événement n'est actuellement disponible. Cet appel système peut "
"être considéré comme recherchant des articles dans la liste I<ready> de "
"l’instance d’B<epoll>."

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Level-triggered and edge-triggered"
msgstr "Détection par changement de niveau ou d’état"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The B<epoll> event distribution interface is able to behave both as edge-"
"triggered (ET) and as level-triggered (LT).  The difference between the two "
"mechanisms can be described as follows.  Suppose that this scenario happens:"
msgstr ""
"L'interface de distribution d'événements d’B<epoll> est capable de se "
"comporter en détection de changement de niveau (Level Triggered — LT) ou "
"d’état (Edge Triggered — ET). La différence entre ces deux mécanismes est "
"décrite ci-dessous. Supposons que le scénario suivant se produise\\ :"

#. type: IP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "(1)"
msgstr "(1)"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The file descriptor that represents the read side of a pipe (I<rfd>)  is "
"registered on the B<epoll> instance."
msgstr ""
"Le descripteur de fichier qui représente le côté lecture d'un tube (I<rfd>) "
"est enregistré dans l'instance d’B<epoll>."

#. type: IP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "(2)"
msgstr "(2)"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "A pipe writer writes 2\\ kB of data on the write side of the pipe."
msgstr ""
"Une écriture dans le tube envoie 2\\ Ko de données du côté écriture du tube."

#. type: IP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "(3)"
msgstr "(3)"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"A call to B<epoll_wait>(2)  is done that will return I<rfd> as a ready file "
"descriptor."
msgstr ""
"Un appel à B<epoll_wait>(2) est effectué et renvoie I<rfd> comme descripteur "
"de fichier prêt."

#. type: IP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "(4)"
msgstr "(4)"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "The pipe reader reads 1\\ kB of data from I<rfd>."
msgstr "Un lecteur du tube lit 1\\ Ko de données depuis I<rfd>."

#. type: IP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "(5)"
msgstr "(5)"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "A call to B<epoll_wait>(2)  is done."
msgstr "Un appel d’B<epoll_wait>(2) est effectué."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"If the I<rfd> file descriptor has been added to the B<epoll> interface using "
"the B<EPOLLET> (edge-triggered)  flag, the call to B<epoll_wait>(2)  done in "
"step B<5> will probably hang despite the available data still present in the "
"file input buffer; meanwhile the remote peer might be expecting a response "
"based on the data it already sent.  The reason for this is that edge-"
"triggered mode delivers events only when changes occur on the monitored file "
"descriptor.  So, in step B<5> the caller might end up waiting for some data "
"that is already present inside the input buffer.  In the above example, an "
"event on I<rfd> will be generated because of the write done in B<2> and the "
"event is consumed in B<3>.  Since the read operation done in B<4> does not "
"consume the whole buffer data, the call to B<epoll_wait>(2)  done in step "
"B<5> might block indefinitely."
msgstr ""
"Si le descripteur I<rfd> a été ajouté à l'ensemble B<epoll> en utilisant "
"l'attribut B<EPOLLET> (détection de changement d'état), l'appel "
"B<epoll_wait>(2), réalisé à l'étape B<5>, va probablement bloquer bien qu'il "
"y ait des données toujours présentes dans le tampon d'entrée du fichier "
"tandis que le pair distant attendra une réponse basée sur les données qu'il "
"a déjà envoyées. La raison en est que le mécanisme de distribution "
"d'événements détectés par changement d’état délivre les événements seulement "
"lorsque des événements surviennent dans le descripteur de fichier supervisé. "
"Ainsi, à l'étape B<5>, l'appelant peut attendre des données qui sont déjà "
"présentes dans le tampon d'entrée. Dans l'exemple ci-dessus, un événement "
"sur I<rfd> sera déclenché à cause de l'écriture à l'étape B<2> et "
"l'événement est consommé dans l’étape B<3>. Comme l'opération de lecture de "
"l'étape B<4> ne consomme pas toutes les données du tampon, l'appel à "
"B<epoll_wait>(2) effectué à l'étape B<5> peut verrouiller indéfiniment."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"An application that employs the B<EPOLLET> flag should use nonblocking file "
"descriptors to avoid having a blocking read or write starve a task that is "
"handling multiple file descriptors.  The suggested way to use B<epoll> as an "
"edge-triggered (B<EPOLLET>)  interface is as follows:"
msgstr ""
"Une application qui emploie l'attribut B<EPOLLET> de la fonction B<epoll> "
"devrait toujours utiliser des descripteurs non bloquants pour éviter qu'une "
"lecture ou une écriture affame une tâche qui gère plusieurs descripteurs de "
"fichier. L'utilisation préconisée d'B<epoll> comme interface en détection "
"par changement d’état (B<EPOLLET>) est la suivante :"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "with nonblocking file descriptors; and"
msgstr "avec des descripteurs non bloquants\\ ;"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"by waiting for an event only after B<read>(2)  or B<write>(2)  return "
"B<EAGAIN>."
msgstr ""
"en attente d’évènement seulement après qu'un B<read>(2) ou un B<write>(2) "
"ait renvoyé B<EAGAIN>."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"By contrast, when used as a level-triggered interface (the default, when "
"B<EPOLLET> is not specified), B<epoll> is simply a faster B<poll>(2), and "
"can be used wherever the latter is used since it shares the same semantics."
msgstr ""
"En revanche, lorsqu'il est utilisé avec l'interface en détection par "
"changement de niveau (par défaut si B<EPOLLET> n'est pas spécifié), B<epoll> "
"est une alternative plus rapide à B<poll>(2) et peut être employé à chaque "
"fois que ce dernier est utilisé, car il utilise la même sémantique."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Since even with edge-triggered B<epoll>, multiple events can be generated "
"upon receipt of multiple chunks of data, the caller has the option to "
"specify the B<EPOLLONESHOT> flag, to tell B<epoll> to disable the associated "
"file descriptor after the receipt of an event with B<epoll_wait>(2).  When "
"the B<EPOLLONESHOT> flag is specified, it is the caller's responsibility to "
"rearm the file descriptor using B<epoll_ctl>(2)  with B<EPOLL_CTL_MOD>."
msgstr ""
"Puisque même dans un B<epoll> de type détection le changement d'état, "
"plusieurs événements peuvent être générés à la réception de nombreux blocs "
"de données, l'appelant peut, en spécifiant l'attribut B<EPOLLONESHOT>, faire "
"désactiver par B<epoll> le descripteur de fichier associé après la réception "
"d'un événement avec B<epoll_wait>(2). Lorsque l'attribut B<EPOLLONESHOT> est "
"spécifié, il est de la responsabilité de l'appelant de réarmer le "
"descripteur en utilisant B<epoll_ctl>(2) avec B<EPOLL_CTL_MOD>."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"If multiple threads (or processes, if child processes have inherited the "
"B<epoll> file descriptor across B<fork>(2))  are blocked in "
"B<epoll_wait>(2)  waiting on the same epoll file descriptor and a file "
"descriptor in the interest list that is marked for edge-triggered "
"(B<EPOLLET>)  notification becomes ready, just one of the threads (or "
"processes) is awoken from B<epoll_wait>(2).  This provides a useful "
"optimization for avoiding \"thundering herd\" wake-ups in some scenarios."
msgstr ""
"Si plusieurs threads (ou processus si les processus enfant ont hérité du "
"descripteur de fichier d’B<epoll> à travers B<fork>(2)) sont bloqués dans "
"B<epoll_wait>(2) en attente du même descripteur de fichier d’B<epoll> et "
"qu’un descripteur de fichier dans la liste I<interest>, qui est marqué pour "
"une notification par détection de changement d'état (B<EPOLLET>), devienne "
"prêt, seul un des threads (ou processus) est réveillé de B<epoll_wait>(2). "
"Cela fournit une optimisation utile pour éviter la bousculade de réveils "
"(thundering herd) dans certain scénarios."

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Interaction with autosleep"
msgstr "Interaction avec autosleep"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"If the system is in B<autosleep> mode via I</sys/power/autosleep> and an "
"event happens which wakes the device from sleep, the device driver will keep "
"the device awake only until that event is queued.  To keep the device awake "
"until the event has been processed, it is necessary to use the "
"B<epoll_ctl>(2)  B<EPOLLWAKEUP> flag."
msgstr ""
"Si le système est en mode B<autosleep> à l’aide de I</sys/power/autosleep> "
"et qu’un événement survient et sort le périphérique de sa veille, le pilote "
"de périphérique ne gardera le périphérique actif que jusqu’à la mise en file "
"d’attente de l’événement. Pour garder le périphérique actif jusqu’au "
"traitement de l’événement, l’attribut B<EPOLLWAKEUP> d’B<epoll_ctl>(2) doit "
"être utilisé."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"When the B<EPOLLWAKEUP> flag is set in the B<events> field for a I<struct "
"epoll_event>, the system will be kept awake from the moment the event is "
"queued, through the B<epoll_wait>(2)  call which returns the event until the "
"subsequent B<epoll_wait>(2)  call.  If the event should keep the system "
"awake beyond that time, then a separate I<wake_lock> should be taken before "
"the second B<epoll_wait>(2)  call."
msgstr ""
"Quand l’attribut B<EPOLLWAKEUP> est défini dans le champ B<events> pour une "
"I<struct epoll_event>, le système sera gardé actif à partir du moment où "
"l’événement est mis en file d’attente, à l’aide de l’appel B<epoll_wait>(2) "
"qui renvoie l’événement jusqu’à l’appel B<epoll_wait>(2) suivant. Si "
"l’événement doit garder le système actif au delà de ce moment, alors un "
"I<wake_lock> séparé devrait être pris avant le second appel à "
"B<epoll_wait>(2)."

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "/proc interfaces"
msgstr "/proc interfaces"

#.  Following was added in Linux 2.6.28, but them removed in Linux 2.6.29
#.  .TP
#.  .IR /proc/sys/fs/epoll/max_user_instances " (since Linux 2.6.28)"
#.  This specifies an upper limit on the number of epoll instances
#.  that can be created per real user ID.
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The following interfaces can be used to limit the amount of kernel memory "
"consumed by epoll:"
msgstr ""
"Les interfaces suivantes peuvent être utilisées pour limiter la quantité de "
"mémoire du noyau utilisée par B<epoll>\\ :"

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "I</proc/sys/fs/epoll/max_user_watches> (since Linux 2.6.28)"
msgstr "I</proc/sys/fs/epoll/max_user_watches> (depuis Linux 2.6.28)"

#.  Linux 2.6.29 (in Linux 2.6.28, the default was 1/32 of lowmem)
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"This specifies a limit on the total number of file descriptors that a user "
"can register across all epoll instances on the system.  The limit is per "
"real user ID.  Each registered file descriptor costs roughly 90 bytes on a "
"32-bit kernel, and roughly 160 bytes on a 64-bit kernel.  Currently, the "
"default value for I<max_user_watches> is 1/25 (4%) of the available low "
"memory, divided by the registration cost in bytes."
msgstr ""
"Cela définit une limite au nombre total de descripteurs de fichiers qu'un "
"utilisateur peut enregistrer au travers de toutes les instances d’B<epoll> "
"du système. La limite est imposée par identifiant d'utilisateur réel. Chaque "
"descripteur de fichier enregistré coûte environ 90 octets sur un noyau "
"32 bits et environ 160 octets sur un noyau 64 bits. Actuellement la valeur "
"par défaut pour I<max_user_watches> est de 1/25 (4%) de la mémoire basse "
"disponible, divisé par le coût d'allocation en octets."

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Example for suggested usage"
msgstr "Exemple d'utilisation"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"While the usage of B<epoll> when employed as a level-triggered interface "
"does have the same semantics as B<poll>(2), the edge-triggered usage "
"requires more clarification to avoid stalls in the application event loop.  "
"In this example, listener is a nonblocking socket on which B<listen>(2)  has "
"been called.  The function I<do_use_fd()> uses the new ready file descriptor "
"until B<EAGAIN> is returned by either B<read>(2)  or B<write>(2).  An event-"
"driven state machine application should, after having received B<EAGAIN>, "
"record its current state so that at the next call to I<do_use_fd()> it will "
"continue to B<read>(2)  or B<write>(2)  from where it stopped before."
msgstr ""
"Tandis que l'utilisation d’B<epoll> avec un déclenchement par changement de "
"niveau correspond à la même sémantique que B<poll>(2), le déclenchement par "
"changement d'état nécessite plus de clarification pour éviter des "
"décrochages dans la boucle d’évènements de l’application. Dans cet exemple, "
"l’écouteur emploie un socket non bloquant sur lequel B<listen>(2) a été "
"appelé. La fonction I<do_use_fd()> va utiliser le nouveau descripteur de "
"fichier jusqu'à ce qu’B<EAGAIN> soit renvoyé par B<read>(2) ou par "
"B<write>(2). Une application d’automate fini piloté par les évènements "
"devrait, après réception d'B<EAGAIN>, enregistrer l'état en cours, afin que "
"lors de l’appel suivant à I<do_use_fd()>, elle continue avec le B<read>(2) "
"ou le B<write>(2) là où elle s'est arrêtée."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
#, fuzzy, no-wrap
#| msgid ""
#| "    for (n = 0; n E<lt> nfds; ++n) {\n"
#| "        if (events[n].data.fd == listen_sock) {\n"
#| "            conn_sock = accept(listen_sock,\n"
#| "                               (struct sockaddr *) &addr, &addrlen);\n"
#| "            if (conn_sock == -1) {\n"
#| "                perror(\"accept\");\n"
#| "                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
#| "            }\n"
#| "            setnonblocking(conn_sock);\n"
#| "            ev.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;\n"
#| "            ev.data.fd = conn_sock;\n"
#| "            if (epoll_ctl(epollfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, conn_sock,\n"
#| "                        &ev) == -1) {\n"
#| "                perror(\"epoll_ctl : conn_sock\");\n"
#| "                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
#| "            }\n"
#| "        } else {\n"
#| "            do_use_fd(events[n].data.fd);\n"
#| "        }\n"
#| "    }\n"
#| "}\n"
msgid ""
"#define MAX_EVENTS 10\n"
"struct epoll_event ev, events[MAX_EVENTS];\n"
"int listen_sock, conn_sock, nfds, epollfd;\n"
"\\&\n"
"/* Code to set up listening socket, \\[aq]listen_sock\\[aq],\n"
"   (socket(), bind(), listen()) omitted. */\n"
"\\&\n"
"epollfd = epoll_create1(0);\n"
"if (epollfd == -1) {\n"
"    perror(\"epoll_create1\");\n"
"    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"}\n"
"\\&\n"
"ev.events = EPOLLIN;\n"
"ev.data.fd = listen_sock;\n"
"if (epoll_ctl(epollfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, listen_sock, &ev) == -1) {\n"
"    perror(\"epoll_ctl: listen_sock\");\n"
"    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"}\n"
"\\&\n"
"for (;;) {\n"
"    nfds = epoll_wait(epollfd, events, MAX_EVENTS, -1);\n"
"    if (nfds == -1) {\n"
"        perror(\"epoll_wait\");\n"
"        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"    }\n"
"\\&\n"
"    for (n = 0; n E<lt> nfds; ++n) {\n"
"        if (events[n].data.fd == listen_sock) {\n"
"            conn_sock = accept(listen_sock,\n"
"                               (struct sockaddr *) &addr, &addrlen);\n"
"            if (conn_sock == -1) {\n"
"                perror(\"accept\");\n"
"                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"            }\n"
"            setnonblocking(conn_sock);\n"
"            ev.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;\n"
"            ev.data.fd = conn_sock;\n"
"            if (epoll_ctl(epollfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, conn_sock,\n"
"                        &ev) == -1) {\n"
"                perror(\"epoll_ctl: conn_sock\");\n"
"                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"            }\n"
"        } else {\n"
"            do_use_fd(events[n].data.fd);\n"
"        }\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""
"    for (n = 0; n E<lt> nfds; ++n) {\n"
"        if (events[n].data.fd == listen_sock) {\n"
"            conn_sock = accept(listen_sock,\n"
"                               (struct sockaddr *) &addr, &addrlen);\n"
"            if (conn_sock == -1) {\n"
"                perror(\"accept\");\n"
"                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"            }\n"
"            setnonblocking(conn_sock);\n"
"            ev.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;\n"
"            ev.data.fd = conn_sock;\n"
"            if (epoll_ctl(epollfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, conn_sock,\n"
"                        &ev) == -1) {\n"
"                perror(\"epoll_ctl : conn_sock\");\n"
"                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"            }\n"
"        } else {\n"
"            do_use_fd(events[n].data.fd);\n"
"        }\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"When used as an edge-triggered interface, for performance reasons, it is "
"possible to add the file descriptor inside the B<epoll> interface "
"(B<EPOLL_CTL_ADD>)  once by specifying (B<EPOLLIN>|B<EPOLLOUT>).  This "
"allows you to avoid continuously switching between B<EPOLLIN> and "
"B<EPOLLOUT> calling B<epoll_ctl>(2)  with B<EPOLL_CTL_MOD>."
msgstr ""
"Lorsqu'on utilise une détection de changement d'états, pour des raisons de "
"performances, il est possible d'ajouter le descripteur de fichier dans "
"l'interface d’B<epoll> (B<EPOLL_CTL_ADD>) après, en spécifiant (B<EPOLLIN>|"
"B<EPOLLOUT>). Cela évite de basculer sans cesse entre B<EPOLLIN> et "
"B<EPOLLOUT> lors des appels B<epoll_ctl>(2) avec B<EPOLL_CTL_MOD>."

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Questions and answers"
msgstr "Questions/Réponses"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"What is the key used to distinguish the file descriptors registered in an "
"interest list?"
msgstr ""
"Quelle est la clé utilisée pour distinguer les descripteurs de fichier "
"enregistrés dans une liste I<interest> ?"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The key is the combination of the file descriptor number and the open file "
"description (also known as an \"open file handle\", the kernel's internal "
"representation of an open file)."
msgstr ""
"La clé est une combinaison du numéro du descripteur de fichier et de la "
"description du fichier ouvert (aussi connue comme « open file handle », la "
"représentation interne au noyau d'un fichier ouvert)."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"What happens if you register the same file descriptor on an B<epoll> "
"instance twice?"
msgstr ""
"Que se passe-t-il si on enregistre deux fois le même descripteur de fichier "
"dans une instance d’B<epoll>\\ ?"

#.  But a file descriptor duplicated by fork(2) can't be added to the
#.  set, because the [file *, fd] pair is already in the epoll set.
#.  That is a somewhat ugly inconsistency.  On the one hand, a child process
#.  cannot add the duplicate file descriptor to the epoll set.  (In every
#.  other case that I can think of, file descriptors duplicated by fork have
#.  similar semantics to file descriptors duplicated by dup() and friends.)  On
#.  the other hand, the very fact that the child has a duplicate of the
#.  file descriptor means that even if the parent closes its file descriptor,
#.  then epoll_wait() in the parent will continue to receive notifications for
#.  that file descriptor because of the duplicated file descriptor in the child.
#.  See http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/596462/
#.  "epoll design problems with common fork/exec patterns"
#.  mtk, Feb 2008
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"You will probably get B<EEXIST>.  However, it is possible to add a duplicate "
"(B<dup>(2), B<dup2>(2), B<fcntl>(2)  B<F_DUPFD>)  file descriptor to the "
"same B<epoll> instance.  This can be a useful technique for filtering "
"events, if the duplicate file descriptors are registered with different "
"I<events> masks."
msgstr ""
"Vous aurez probablement un B<EEXIST>. Cependant il est possible d'ajouter un "
"duplicata de descripteur (B<dup>(2), B<dup2>(2), B<F_DUPFD> de B<fcntl>(2)) "
"sur la même instance d’B<epoll>. Cela peut être une technique utile pour le "
"filtrage d'événements, si les descripteurs dupliqués sont enregistrés avec "
"des masques I<events> différents."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Can two B<epoll> instances wait for the same file descriptor? If so, are "
"events reported to both B<epoll> file descriptors?"
msgstr ""
"Deux instances d’B<epoll> peuvent-elles attendre le même descripteur de "
"fichier\\ ? Si oui, les événements seront-ils reportés sur les deux "
"descripteurs de fichier d’B<epoll>\\ ?"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Yes, and events would be reported to both.  However, careful programming may "
"be needed to do this correctly."
msgstr ""
"Oui, et les événements seront rapportés aux deux. Toutefois, une "
"programmation soignée est nécessaire pour que cela soit fait correctement."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Is the B<epoll> file descriptor itself poll/epoll/selectable?"
msgstr ""
"Est-ce que le descripteur d’B<epoll> lui-même est sujet à poll/epoll/"
"select\\ ?"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Yes.  If an B<epoll> file descriptor has events waiting, then it will "
"indicate as being readable."
msgstr ""
"Oui. Si un descripteur de fichier d’B<epoll> a des événements en attente, "
"alors il indiquera qu'il est lisible."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"What happens if one attempts to put an B<epoll> file descriptor into its own "
"file descriptor set?"
msgstr ""
"Que se passe-t-il si on cherche à placer un descripteur d’B<epoll> dans son "
"propre ensemble de descripteurs de fichier \\ ?"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The B<epoll_ctl>(2)  call fails (B<EINVAL>).  However, you can add an "
"B<epoll> file descriptor inside another B<epoll> file descriptor set."
msgstr ""
"L'appel B<epoll_ctl>(2) échouera (B<EINVAL>). Toutefois vous pouvez ajouter "
"un descripteur d’B<epoll> dans un autre ensemble de descripteurs de fichier "
"d’B<epoll>."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Can I send an B<epoll> file descriptor over a UNIX domain socket to another "
"process?"
msgstr ""
"Puis-je envoyer le descripteur d’B<epoll> à travers un socket UNIX vers un "
"autre processus\\ ?"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Yes, but it does not make sense to do this, since the receiving process "
"would not have copies of the file descriptors in the interest list."
msgstr ""
"Oui, mais il n'y a aucune raison de faire ça, puisque le processus récepteur "
"n'aura pas de copie des descripteurs de fichier de la liste I<interest>."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Will closing a file descriptor cause it to be removed from all B<epoll> "
"interest lists?"
msgstr ""
"Est-ce que la fermeture d'un descripteur le supprime automatiquement de "
"toutes les listes I<interest> d’B<epoll>\\ ?"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Yes, but be aware of the following point.  A file descriptor is a reference "
"to an open file description (see B<open>(2)).  Whenever a file descriptor is "
"duplicated via B<dup>(2), B<dup2>(2), B<fcntl>(2)  B<F_DUPFD>, or "
"B<fork>(2), a new file descriptor referring to the same open file "
"description is created.  An open file description continues to exist until "
"all file descriptors referring to it have been closed."
msgstr ""
"Oui, mais prenez note des points suivants. Un descripteur de fichier est une "
"référence vers la description d'un fichier ouvert (consultez B<open>(2)). À "
"chaque fois qu'un descripteur est dupliqué avec B<dup>(2), B<dup2>(2), "
"B<F_DUPFD> de B<fcntl>(2) ou B<fork>(2), un nouveau descripteur de fichier "
"qui se réfère au même fichier ouvert est créé. Une description de fichier "
"ouvert continue d'exister jusqu'à ce que tous les descripteurs de fichier "
"qui s'y réfèrent soient fermés."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"A file descriptor is removed from an interest list only after all the file "
"descriptors referring to the underlying open file description have been "
"closed.  This means that even after a file descriptor that is part of an "
"interest list has been closed, events may be reported for that file "
"descriptor if other file descriptors referring to the same underlying file "
"description remain open.  To prevent this happening, the file descriptor "
"must be explicitly removed from the interest list (using B<epoll_ctl>(2)  "
"B<EPOLL_CTL_DEL>)  before it is duplicated.  Alternatively, the application "
"must ensure that all file descriptors are closed (which may be difficult if "
"file descriptors were duplicated behind the scenes by library functions that "
"used B<dup>(2)  or B<fork>(2))."
msgstr ""
"Un descripteur de fichier n'est retiré d'une liste I<interest> qu'après la "
"fermeture de tous les descripteurs de fichier qui se réfèrent à la "
"description de fichier ouvert sous-jacente. Cela signifie que même après la "
"fermeture d'un descripteur de fichier faisant partie de cette liste, des "
"événements peuvent toujours être rapportés pour ce descripteur de fichier si "
"d'autres descripteurs de fichier, se référant à la même description de "
"fichier sous-jacente, restent ouverts. Pour empêcher cela, le descripteur de "
"fichier doit être explicitement supprimé de la liste (en utilisant "
"B<epoll_ctl>(2) B<EPOLL_CTL_DEL>) avant qu’il ne soit dupliqué. Autrement, "
"l’application doit assurer que tous les descripteurs soient fermés (ce qui "
"peut être difficile si les descripteurs ont été dupliqués en dehors du cadre "
"par des fonctions de bibliothèque qui utilisent B<dup>(2) ou B<fork>(2))"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"If more than one event occurs between B<epoll_wait>(2)  calls, are they "
"combined or reported separately?"
msgstr ""
"Si plus d'un événement surviennent entre deux appels B<epoll_wait>(2), sont-"
"ils combinés ou rapportés séparément\\ ?"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "They will be combined."
msgstr "Ils sont combinés."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Does an operation on a file descriptor affect the already collected but not "
"yet reported events?"
msgstr ""
"Est-ce qu'une opération sur un descripteur affecte les événements déjà "
"collectés mais pas encore rapportés\\ ?"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"You can do two operations on an existing file descriptor.  Remove would be "
"meaningless for this case.  Modify will reread available I/O."
msgstr ""
"Vous pouvez faire deux choses sur un descripteur existant. Une suppression "
"serait sans effet dans ce cas. Une modification revérifie les entrées et "
"sorties disponibles."

# NOTE: vérifier tous les edge-triggered => à traduire
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Do I need to continuously read/write a file descriptor until B<EAGAIN> when "
"using the B<EPOLLET> flag (edge-triggered behavior)?"
msgstr ""
"Dois-je lire/écrire sans cesse un descripteur jusqu'à obtenir B<EAGAIN> si "
"l'attribut B<EPOLLET> est utilisé (comportement par détection de changement "
"d'état)\\ ?"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Receiving an event from B<epoll_wait>(2)  should suggest to you that such "
"file descriptor is ready for the requested I/O operation.  You must consider "
"it ready until the next (nonblocking)  read/write yields B<EAGAIN>.  When "
"and how you will use the file descriptor is entirely up to you."
msgstr ""
"La réception d'un événement depuis B<epoll_wait>(2) suggère qu'un "
"descripteur est prêt pour l'opération d'E/S désirée. Il doit être considéré "
"comme prêt jusqu'à ce que la prochaine lecture ou écriture (non bloquante) "
"remonte un B<EAGAIN>. Quand et comment utiliser le descripteur dépend de "
"vous."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"For packet/token-oriented files (e.g., datagram socket, terminal in "
"canonical mode), the only way to detect the end of the read/write I/O space "
"is to continue to read/write until B<EAGAIN>."
msgstr ""
"Pour les fichiers orientés paquet ou jeton (par exemple, un socket "
"datagramme ou un terminal en mode canonique), la seule façon de détecter la "
"fin de l'espace d'entrée et sortie pour les lectures ou écritures est de "
"continuer à lire ou écrire jusqu'à la réception d'un B<EAGAIN>."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"For stream-oriented files (e.g., pipe, FIFO, stream socket), the condition "
"that the read/write I/O space is exhausted can also be detected by checking "
"the amount of data read from / written to the target file descriptor.  For "
"example, if you call B<read>(2)  by asking to read a certain amount of data "
"and B<read>(2)  returns a lower number of bytes, you can be sure of having "
"exhausted the read I/O space for the file descriptor.  The same is true when "
"writing using B<write>(2).  (Avoid this latter technique if you cannot "
"guarantee that the monitored file descriptor always refers to a stream-"
"oriented file.)"
msgstr ""
"Pour les fichiers orientés flux (par exemple, les tubes, FIFO ou sockets en "
"mode flux), la disponibilité des entrées et sorties peut aussi être détectée "
"en vérifiant la quantité de données lues ou écrites sur le descripteur. Par "
"exemple, si vous appelez B<read>(2) en demandant la lecture d'une certaine "
"quantité de données et que B<read>(2) en renvoie moins, vous pouvez être sûr "
"d'avoir consommé tout le tampon d'entrée pour le descripteur. La même chose "
"est vraie pour l'appel système B<write>(2) (évitez cette dernière technique "
"si vous ne pouvez pas garantir que le descripteur de fichier surveillé "
"corresponde toujours à un fichier de type flux)."

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Possible pitfalls and ways to avoid them"
msgstr "Erreurs possibles et moyens de les éviter"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "B<o Starvation (edge-triggered)>"
msgid "B<Starvation (edge-triggered)>"
msgstr "B<Famine (détection par changement d'état)>"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"If there is a large amount of I/O space, it is possible that by trying to "
"drain it the other files will not get processed causing starvation.  (This "
"problem is not specific to B<epoll>.)"
msgstr ""
"S'il y a un gros volume d’espace d’E/S, il est possible qu'en essayant de "
"les traiter, d'autres fichiers ne soient pas pris en compte provoquant une "
"famine. Ce problème n'est pas spécifique à B<epoll>."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The solution is to maintain a ready list and mark the file descriptor as "
"ready in its associated data structure, thereby allowing the application to "
"remember which files need to be processed but still round robin amongst all "
"the ready files.  This also supports ignoring subsequent events you receive "
"for file descriptors that are already ready."
msgstr ""
"La solution est de maintenir une liste de descripteurs prêts et de marquer "
"le descripteur de fichier prêt dans leur structure associée, permettant à "
"l'application de savoir quels fichiers traiter mais toujours en tourniquet "
"englobant tous les fichiers prêts. Cela permet aussi d'ignorer les "
"événements ultérieurs sur des descripteurs prêts."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "B<o If using an event cache...>"
msgid "B<If using an event cache...>"
msgstr "B<En cas d’utilisation d'un cache d'événements...>"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"If you use an event cache or store all the file descriptors returned from "
"B<epoll_wait>(2), then make sure to provide a way to mark its closure "
"dynamically (i.e., caused by a previous event's processing).  Suppose you "
"receive 100 events from B<epoll_wait>(2), and in event #47 a condition "
"causes event #13 to be closed.  If you remove the structure and B<close>(2)  "
"the file descriptor for event #13, then your event cache might still say "
"there are events waiting for that file descriptor causing confusion."
msgstr ""
"Si vous utilisez un cache d'événements, ou stockez tous les descripteurs "
"renvoyés par B<epoll_wait>(2), alors assurez-vous de disposer d'un moyen de "
"marquer dynamiquement leurs fermetures (c’est-à-dire causées par un "
"traitement d’événement précédent). Supposons que vous recevez 100 événements "
"d’B<epoll_wait>(2) et que l'événement 47 implique de fermer l’évènement 13. "
"Si vous supprimez la structure et utilisez B<close>(2) pour le descripteur "
"de fichier pour l’évènement 13, alors votre cache peut encore contenir des "
"événements pour ce descripteur, posant alors des problèmes de confusion."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"One solution for this is to call, during the processing of event 47, "
"B<epoll_ctl>(B<EPOLL_CTL_DEL>)  to delete file descriptor 13 and "
"B<close>(2), then mark its associated data structure as removed and link it "
"to a cleanup list.  If you find another event for file descriptor 13 in your "
"batch processing, you will discover the file descriptor had been previously "
"removed and there will be no confusion."
msgstr ""
"Une solution est d'invoquer, pendant le traitement de l'événement 47, "
"B<epoll_ctl>(B<EPOLL_CTL_DEL>) pour supprimer le descripteur 13, le fermer "
"avec B<close>(2), puis marquer sa structure associée comme supprimée et la "
"lier à une liste de nettoyage. Si vous rencontrez un autre événement pour le "
"descripteur 13 dans votre traitement, vous verrez qu'il a été supprimé "
"précédemment sans que cela ne prête à confusion."

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "VERSIONS"
msgstr "VERSIONS"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The B<epoll> API is Linux-specific.  Some other systems provide similar "
#| "mechanisms, for example, FreeBSD has I<kqueue>, and Solaris has I</dev/"
#| "poll>."
msgid ""
"Some other systems provide similar mechanisms; for example, FreeBSD has "
"I<kqueue>, and Solaris has I</dev/poll>."
msgstr ""
"L'API B<epoll> est spécifique à Linux. Certains autres systèmes fournissent "
"des mécanismes similaires. Par exemple, FreeBSD propose I<kqueue> et Solaris "
"I</dev/poll>."

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "STANDARDS"
msgstr "STANDARDS"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Linux."
msgstr "Linux."

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "HISTORY"
msgstr "HISTORIQUE"

#.  Its interface should be finalized in Linux 2.5.66.
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Linux 2.5.44.  glibc 2.3.2."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "NOTES"
msgstr "NOTES"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The set of file descriptors that is being monitored via an epoll file "
#| "descriptor can be viewed via the entry for the epoll file descriptor in "
#| "the process's I</proc/[pid]/fdinfo> directory.  See B<proc>(5)  for "
#| "further details."
msgid ""
"The set of file descriptors that is being monitored via an epoll file "
"descriptor can be viewed via the entry for the epoll file descriptor in the "
"process's I</proc/>pidI</fdinfo> directory.  See B<proc>(5)  for further "
"details."
msgstr ""
"L’ensemble des descripteurs de fichier qui sont supervisés par un "
"descripteur de fichier d’B<epoll> peut être visualisé à l’aide de l’entrée "
"pour le descripteur de fichier d’B<epoll> dans le répertoire I</proc/[pid]/"
"fdinfo> du processus. Consultez B<proc>(5) pour plus de détails."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The B<kcmp>(2)  B<KCMP_EPOLL_TFD> operation can be used to test whether a "
"file descriptor is present in an epoll instance."
msgstr ""
"L’opération B<B<KCMP_EPOLL_TFD> de B<kcmp>(2)> peut être utilisée pour "
"tester si un descripteur de fichier est présent dans une instance d’B<epoll>."

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "SEE ALSO"
msgstr "VOIR AUSSI"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"B<epoll_create>(2), B<epoll_create1>(2), B<epoll_ctl>(2), B<epoll_wait>(2), "
"B<poll>(2), B<select>(2)"
msgstr ""
"B<epoll_create>(2), B<epoll_create1>(2), B<epoll_ctl>(2), B<epoll_wait>(2), "
"B<poll>(2), B<select>(2)"

#. type: TH
#: debian-bookworm
#, no-wrap
msgid "2023-02-05"
msgstr "5 février 2023"

#. type: TH
#: debian-bookworm
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.03"
msgstr "Pages du manuel de Linux 6.03"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#define MAX_EVENTS 10\n"
"struct epoll_event ev, events[MAX_EVENTS];\n"
"int listen_sock, conn_sock, nfds, epollfd;\n"
msgstr ""
"#define MAX_EVENTS 10\n"
"struct epoll_event ev, events[MAX_EVENTS];\n"
"int listen_sock, conn_sock, nfds, epollfd;\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, fuzzy, no-wrap
#| msgid ""
#| "/* Code to set up listening socket, \\(aqlisten_sock\\(aq,\n"
#| "   (socket(), bind(), listen()) omitted. */\n"
msgid ""
"/* Code to set up listening socket, \\[aq]listen_sock\\[aq],\n"
"   (socket(), bind(), listen()) omitted. */\n"
msgstr ""
"/* Code pour régler le socket à l’écoute, \\(aqlisten_sock\\(aq,\n"
"   (socket(), bind(), listen()) omis. */\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"epollfd = epoll_create1(0);\n"
"if (epollfd == -1) {\n"
"    perror(\"epoll_create1\");\n"
"    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""
"epollfd = epoll_create1(0);\n"
"if (epollfd == -1) {\n"
"    perror(\"epoll_create1\");\n"
"    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"}\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"ev.events = EPOLLIN;\n"
"ev.data.fd = listen_sock;\n"
"if (epoll_ctl(epollfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, listen_sock, &ev) == -1) {\n"
"    perror(\"epoll_ctl: listen_sock\");\n"
"    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""
"ev.events = EPOLLIN;\n"
"ev.data.fd = listen_sock;\n"
"if (epoll_ctl(epollfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, listen_sock, &ev) == -1) {\n"
"    perror(\"epoll_ctl : listen_sock\");\n"
"    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"}\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"for (;;) {\n"
"    nfds = epoll_wait(epollfd, events, MAX_EVENTS, -1);\n"
"    if (nfds == -1) {\n"
"        perror(\"epoll_wait\");\n"
"        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"    }\n"
msgstr ""
"for (;;) {\n"
"    nfds = epoll_wait(epollfd, events, MAX_EVENTS, -1);\n"
"    if (nfds == -1) {\n"
"        perror(\"epoll_wait\");\n"
"        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"    }\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, fuzzy, no-wrap
#| msgid ""
#| "    for (n = 0; n E<lt> nfds; ++n) {\n"
#| "        if (events[n].data.fd == listen_sock) {\n"
#| "            conn_sock = accept(listen_sock,\n"
#| "                               (struct sockaddr *) &addr, &addrlen);\n"
#| "            if (conn_sock == -1) {\n"
#| "                perror(\"accept\");\n"
#| "                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
#| "            }\n"
#| "            setnonblocking(conn_sock);\n"
#| "            ev.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;\n"
#| "            ev.data.fd = conn_sock;\n"
#| "            if (epoll_ctl(epollfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, conn_sock,\n"
#| "                        &ev) == -1) {\n"
#| "                perror(\"epoll_ctl : conn_sock\");\n"
#| "                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
#| "            }\n"
#| "        } else {\n"
#| "            do_use_fd(events[n].data.fd);\n"
#| "        }\n"
#| "    }\n"
#| "}\n"
msgid ""
"    for (n = 0; n E<lt> nfds; ++n) {\n"
"        if (events[n].data.fd == listen_sock) {\n"
"            conn_sock = accept(listen_sock,\n"
"                               (struct sockaddr *) &addr, &addrlen);\n"
"            if (conn_sock == -1) {\n"
"                perror(\"accept\");\n"
"                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"            }\n"
"            setnonblocking(conn_sock);\n"
"            ev.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;\n"
"            ev.data.fd = conn_sock;\n"
"            if (epoll_ctl(epollfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, conn_sock,\n"
"                        &ev) == -1) {\n"
"                perror(\"epoll_ctl: conn_sock\");\n"
"                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"            }\n"
"        } else {\n"
"            do_use_fd(events[n].data.fd);\n"
"        }\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""
"    for (n = 0; n E<lt> nfds; ++n) {\n"
"        if (events[n].data.fd == listen_sock) {\n"
"            conn_sock = accept(listen_sock,\n"
"                               (struct sockaddr *) &addr, &addrlen);\n"
"            if (conn_sock == -1) {\n"
"                perror(\"accept\");\n"
"                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"            }\n"
"            setnonblocking(conn_sock);\n"
"            ev.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;\n"
"            ev.data.fd = conn_sock;\n"
"            if (epoll_ctl(epollfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, conn_sock,\n"
"                        &ev) == -1) {\n"
"                perror(\"epoll_ctl : conn_sock\");\n"
"                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"            }\n"
"        } else {\n"
"            do_use_fd(events[n].data.fd);\n"
"        }\n"
"    }\n"
"}\n"

# NOTE: should be 2.5.66?
#.  Its interface should be finalized in Linux kernel 2.5.66.
#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The B<epoll> API was introduced in Linux kernel 2.5.44.  Support was "
#| "added to glibc in version 2.3.2."
msgid ""
"The B<epoll> API was introduced in Linux kernel 2.5.44.  Support was added "
"in glibc 2.3.2."
msgstr ""
"L'API B<epoll> a été introduite dans le noyau Linux 2.5.44. Sa prise en "
"charge par la glibc est ajoutée dans la version 2.3.2."

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm
msgid ""
"The B<epoll> API is Linux-specific.  Some other systems provide similar "
"mechanisms, for example, FreeBSD has I<kqueue>, and Solaris has I</dev/poll>."
msgstr ""
"L'API B<epoll> est spécifique à Linux. Certains autres systèmes fournissent "
"des mécanismes similaires. Par exemple, FreeBSD propose I<kqueue> et Solaris "
"I</dev/poll>."

#. type: TH
#: debian-unstable opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "2023-05-03"
msgstr "3 mai 2023"

#. type: TH
#: debian-unstable opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.05.01"
msgstr "Pages du manuel de Linux 6.05.01"

#. type: TH
#: opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid "2023-03-30"
msgstr "30 mars 2023"

#. type: TH
#: opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.04"
msgstr "Pages du manuel de Linux 6.04"