path: root/po/ru/man2/memfd_create.2.po

# Russian translation of manpages
# This file is distributed under the same license as the manpages-l10n package.
# Copyright © of this file:
# aereiae <aereiae@gmail.com>, 2014.
# Alexey <a.chepugov@gmail.com>, 2015.
# Azamat Hackimov <azamat.hackimov@gmail.com>, 2013-2017.
# Dmitriy S. Seregin <dseregin@59.ru>, 2013.
# Dmitry Bolkhovskikh <d20052005@yandex.ru>, 2017.
# ITriskTI <ITriskTI@gmail.com>, 2013.
# Max Is <ismax799@gmail.com>, 2016.
# Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>, 2011-2019.
# Иван Павлов <pavia00@gmail.com>, 2017.
# Малянов Евгений Викторович <maljanow@outlook.com>, 2014.
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: manpages-l10n\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-06-01 06:02+0200\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2019-10-06 08:59+0300\n"
"Last-Translator: Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>\n"
"Language-Team: Russian <man-pages-ru-talks@lists.sourceforge.net>\n"
"Language: ru\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=4; plural=(n%10==1 && n%100!=11 ? 0 : n%10>=2 && n"
"%10<=4 && (n%100<12 || n%100>14) ? 1 : n%10==0 || (n%10>=5 && n%10<=9) || (n"
"%100>=11 && n%100<=14)? 2 : 3);\n"
"X-Generator: Lokalize 2.0\n"

#. type: TH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "memfd_create"
msgstr "memfd_create"

#. type: TH
#: archlinux debian-unstable opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "2024-05-02"
msgstr "2 мая 2024 г."

#. type: TH
#: archlinux debian-unstable
#, fuzzy, no-wrap
#| msgid "Linux man-pages 6.7"
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.8"
msgstr "Linux man-pages 6.7"

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "NAME"
msgstr "ИМЯ"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "memfd_create - create an anonymous file"
msgstr "memfd_create - создаёт анонимный файл"

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "LIBRARY"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Standard C library (I<libc>, I<-lc>)"
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "SYNOPSIS"
msgstr "СИНТАКСИС"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"B<#define _GNU_SOURCE>         /* See feature_test_macros(7) */\n"
"B<#include E<lt>sys/mman.hE<gt>>\n"
msgstr ""
"B<#define _GNU_SOURCE>         /* Смотрите feature_test_macros(7) */\n"
"B<#include E<lt>sys/mman.hE<gt>>\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<int memfd_create(const char *>I<name>B<, unsigned int >I<flags>B<);>\n"
msgstr "B<int memfd_create(const char *>I<name>B<, unsigned int >I<flags>B<);>\n"

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "DESCRIPTION"
msgstr "ОПИСАНИЕ"

#.  David Herrmann:
#.      memfd uses VM_NORESERVE so each page is accounted on first access.
#.      This means, the overcommit-limits (see __vm_enough_memory()) and the
#.      memory-cgroup limits (mem_cgroup_try_charge()) are applied. Note that
#.      those are accounted on "current" and "current->mm", that is, the
#.      process doing the first page access.
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"B<memfd_create>()  creates an anonymous file and returns a file descriptor "
"that refers to it.  The file behaves like a regular file, and so can be "
"modified, truncated, memory-mapped, and so on.  However, unlike a regular "
"file, it lives in RAM and has a volatile backing storage.  Once all "
"references to the file are dropped, it is automatically released.  Anonymous "
"memory is used for all backing pages of the file.  Therefore, files created "
"by B<memfd_create>()  have the same semantics as other anonymous memory "
"allocations such as those allocated using B<mmap>(2)  with the "
"B<MAP_ANONYMOUS> flag."
msgstr ""
"Вызов B<memfd_create>() создаёт анонимный файл и возвращает ссылающийся на "
"него файловый дескриптор. Анонимный файл ведёт себя как обычный файл и может "
"быть изменён, обрезан, отображён в память и т.д. Однако в отличие от "
"обычного файла он располагается в ОЗУ и не имеет энергонезависимого "
"хранилища. Как только все ссылки на файл удаляются, он автоматически "
"исчезает. Анонимные файлы располагаются в анонимной памяти. Поэтому у "
"файлов, создаваемых B<memfd_create>(), такая же семантика как и областей "
"анонимной памяти, выделяемой с помощью B<mmap>(2) с флагом B<MAP_ANONYMOUS>."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The initial size of the file is set to 0.  Following the call, the file size "
"should be set using B<ftruncate>(2).  (Alternatively, the file may be "
"populated by calls to B<write>(2)  or similar.)"
msgstr ""
"Первоначально, размер файла равен 0. После этого вызова нужно задать размер "
"файла с помощью B<ftruncate>(2) (или заполнить файл с помощью B<write>(2) "
"или подобными)."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The name supplied in I<name> is used as a filename and will be displayed as "
"the target of the corresponding symbolic link in the directory I</proc/self/"
"fd/>.  The displayed name is always prefixed with I<memfd:> and serves only "
"for debugging purposes.  Names do not affect the behavior of the file "
"descriptor, and as such multiple files can have the same name without any "
"side effects."
msgstr ""
"Имя, указанное в I<name>, используется в качестве имени файла и будет "
"показываться как цель соответствующей символьной ссылки в каталоге. I</proc/"
"self/fd/>. Отображаемое имя всегда начинается с I<memfd:> и служит только "
"для отладки. Имена не влияют на поведение файлового дескриптора и поэтому "
"несколько файлов могут иметь одно имя без каких-либо последствий."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The following values may be bitwise ORed in I<flags> to change the behavior "
"of B<memfd_create>():"
msgstr ""
"Для изменения поведения B<memfd_create>() можно использовать следующие  "
"значения I<flags> (через OR):"

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<MFD_CLOEXEC>"
msgstr "B<MFD_CLOEXEC>"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Set the close-on-exec (B<FD_CLOEXEC>)  flag on the new file descriptor.  See "
"the description of the B<O_CLOEXEC> flag in B<open>(2)  for reasons why this "
"may be useful."
msgstr ""
"Устанавливает флаг close-on-exec (B<FD_CLOEXEC>) для нового открытого "
"файлового дескриптора. Смотрите описание флага B<O_CLOEXEC> в B<open>(2) для "
"того, чтобы узнать как это может пригодиться."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<MFD_ALLOW_SEALING>"
msgstr "B<MFD_ALLOW_SEALING>"

#.  FIXME Why is the MFD_ALLOW_SEALING behavior not simply the default?
#.  Is it worth adding some text explaining this?
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Allow sealing operations on this file.  See the discussion of the "
"B<F_ADD_SEALS> and B<F_GET_SEALS> operations in B<fcntl>(2), and also NOTES, "
"below.  The initial set of seals is empty.  If this flag is not set, the "
"initial set of seals will be B<F_SEAL_SEAL>, meaning that no other seals can "
"be set on the file."
msgstr ""
"Разрешает операции опечатывания (sealing) файла. Описание операций "
"B<F_ADD_SEALS> и B<F_GET_SEALS> смотрите в B<fcntl>(2), а также в ЗАМЕЧАНИЯ "
"ниже. Первоначально набор печатей пуст. Если этот флаг не установлен, то "
"начальным набором печатей будет B<F_SEAL_SEAL>, означающий запрещение "
"установки печатей на файл."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<MFD_HUGETLB> (since Linux 4.14)"
msgstr "B<MFD_HUGETLB> (начиная с Linux 4.14)"

#.  commit 749df87bd7bee5a79cef073f5d032ddb2b211de8
#.  commit 47b9012ecdc747f6936395265e677d41e11a31ff
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The anonymous file will be created in the hugetlbfs filesystem using huge "
"pages.  See the Linux kernel source file I<Documentation/admin-guide/mm/"
"hugetlbpage.rst> for more information about hugetlbfs.  Specifying both "
"B<MFD_HUGETLB> and B<MFD_ALLOW_SEALING> in I<flags> is supported since Linux "
"4.16."
msgstr ""
"В файловой системе hugetlbfs, использующей огромные страницы, будет создан "
"анонимный файл. В файле исходного кода Linux I<Documentation/admin-guide/mm/"
"hugetlbpage.rst> дана подробная информация о hugetlbfs. Одновременное "
"указание B<MFD_HUGETLB> и B<MFD_ALLOW_SEALING> в I<flags> поддерживается "
"начиная с Linux 4.16."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<MFD_HUGE_2MB>"
msgstr ""

#. type: TQ
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<MFD_HUGE_1GB>"
msgstr ""

#. type: TQ
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\&.\\|.\\|."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Used in conjunction with B<MFD_HUGETLB> to select alternative hugetlb page "
"sizes (respectively, 2\\ MB, 1\\ GB, ...)  on systems that support multiple "
"hugetlb page sizes.  Definitions for known huge page sizes are included in "
"the header file I<E<lt>linux/memfd.hE<gt>.>"
msgstr ""
"Используется как дополнение к B<MFD_HUGETLB> для выбора размера страницы "
"hugetlb (соответственно, 2\\ МБ, 1\\ ГБ, …) в системах, которые поддерживают "
"различные размеры страниц hugetlb. Определения размеров огромных страниц "
"включены в заголовочный файл I<E<lt>linux/memfd.hE<gt>.>"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"For details on encoding huge page sizes not included in the header file, see "
"the discussion of the similarly named constants in B<mmap>(2)."
msgstr ""
"Дополнительную информацию о кодировании размеров огромных страниц, "
"отсутствующих в заголовочном файле, смотрите в описании сходных по имени "
"констант в B<mmap>(2)."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Unused bits in I<flags> must be 0."
msgstr "Неиспользуемые биты в I<flags> должны быть равны 0."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"As its return value, B<memfd_create>()  returns a new file descriptor that "
"can be used to refer to the file.  This file descriptor is opened for both "
"reading and writing (B<O_RDWR>)  and B<O_LARGEFILE> is set for the file "
"descriptor."
msgstr ""
"В качестве возвращаемого значения B<memfd_create>() возвращает новый "
"файловый дескриптор, который можно использовать для обращения к файлу. "
"Данный файловый дескриптор открыт на чтение и запись (B<O_RDWR>) и в "
"файловом дескрипторе установлен флаг B<O_LARGEFILE>."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"With respect to B<fork>(2)  and B<execve>(2), the usual semantics apply for "
"the file descriptor created by B<memfd_create>().  A copy of the file "
"descriptor is inherited by the child produced by B<fork>(2)  and refers to "
"the same file.  The file descriptor is preserved across B<execve>(2), unless "
"the close-on-exec flag has been set."
msgstr ""
"При вызове B<fork>(2) и B<execve>(2) с файловым дескриптором, созданным "
"B<memfd_create>(), применяется обычная семантика. Копия файлового "
"дескриптора наследуется потомком, созданным B<fork>(2), указывает на тот же "
"файл. Файловый дескриптор сохраняется при после B<execve>(2), если не "
"установлен флаг close-on-exec."

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "RETURN VALUE"
msgstr "ВОЗВРАЩАЕМОЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЕ"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"On success, B<memfd_create>()  returns a new file descriptor.  On error, -1 "
"is returned and I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
msgstr ""
"При успешном выполнении B<memfd_create>() возвращает новый файловый "
"дескриптор. При ошибке возвращается -1, и I<errno> устанавливается в "
"соответствующее значение."

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "ERRORS"
msgstr "ОШИБКИ"

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EFAULT>"
msgstr "B<EFAULT>"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "The address in I<name> points to invalid memory."
msgstr "Некорректный адрес в I<name>."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EINVAL>"
msgstr "B<EINVAL>"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "I<flags> included unknown bits."
msgstr "В I<flags> указаны неизвестные биты."

#.  NAME_MAX - strlen("memfd:")
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"I<name> was too long.  (The limit is 249 bytes, excluding the terminating "
"null byte.)"
msgstr ""
"Значение I<name> было слишком длинным (ограничено 249 байтами, не считая "
"конечный байт null)."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Both B<MFD_HUGETLB> and B<MFD_ALLOW_SEALING> were specified in I<flags>."
msgstr "В I<flags> указаны B<MFD_HUGETLB> и B<MFD_ALLOW_SEALING> одновременно."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EMFILE>"
msgstr "B<EMFILE>"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The per-process limit on the number of open file descriptors has been "
"reached."
msgstr ""
"Было достигнуто ограничение по количеству открытых файловых дескрипторов на "
"процесс."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<ENFILE>"
msgstr "B<ENFILE>"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The system-wide limit on the total number of open files has been reached."
msgstr "Достигнуто максимальное количество открытых файлов в системе."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<ENOMEM>"
msgstr "B<ENOMEM>"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "There was insufficient memory to create a new anonymous file."
msgstr "Недостаточно памяти для создания нового анонимного файла."

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EPERM>"
msgstr "B<EPERM>"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The B<MFD_HUGETLB> flag was specified, but the caller was not privileged "
"(did not have the B<CAP_IPC_LOCK> capability)  and is not a member of the "
"I<sysctl_hugetlb_shm_group> group; see the description of I</proc/sys/vm/"
"sysctl_hugetlb_shm_group> in B<proc>(5)."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "STANDARDS"
msgstr "СТАНДАРТЫ"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Linux."
msgstr "Linux."

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "HISTORY"
msgstr "ИСТОРИЯ"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "Since glibc 2.2.2:"
msgid "Linux 3.17, glibc 2.27."
msgstr "Начиная с glibc 2.2.2:"

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "NOTES"
msgstr "ПРИМЕЧАНИЯ"

#.  See also http://lwn.net/Articles/593918/
#.  and http://lwn.net/Articles/594919/ and http://lwn.net/Articles/591108/
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The B<memfd_create>()  system call provides a simple alternative to manually "
"mounting a B<tmpfs>(5)  filesystem and creating and opening a file in that "
"filesystem.  The primary purpose of B<memfd_create>()  is to create files "
"and associated file descriptors that are used with the file-sealing APIs "
"provided by B<fcntl>(2)."
msgstr ""
"Системный вызов B<memfd_create>() предоставляет простую альтернативу ручному "
"монтированию файловой системы B<tmpfs>(5), созданию и открытию файла в этой "
"файловой системе. Основным предназначением B<memfd_create>() является "
"создание файлов и соответствующих файловых дескрипторов, которые "
"используются с программным интерфейсом опечатывания файлов, предоставляемым "
"B<fcntl>(2)."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The B<memfd_create>()  system call also has uses without file sealing (which "
"is why file-sealing is disabled, unless explicitly requested with the "
"B<MFD_ALLOW_SEALING> flag).  In particular, it can be used as an alternative "
"to creating files in I<tmp> or as an alternative to using the B<open>(2)  "
"B<O_TMPFILE> in cases where there is no intention to actually link the "
"resulting file into the filesystem."
msgstr ""
"Системный вызов B<memfd_create>() также используется и без опечатывания "
"файла (вот почему опечатывание файлов отключено, если этого не запросить "
"явно с помощью флага B<MFD_ALLOW_SEALING>). В частности, он может "
"использоваться как альтернатива созданию файлов в I<tmp> или использованию "
"B<open>(2) с B<O_TMPFILE> в случаях, когда не требуется реальная ссылка на "
"конечный файл в файловой системе."

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "File sealing"
msgstr "Опечатывание файла (file sealing)"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"In the absence of file sealing, processes that communicate via shared memory "
"must either trust each other, or take measures to deal with the possibility "
"that an untrusted peer may manipulate the shared memory region in "
"problematic ways.  For example, an untrusted peer might modify the contents "
"of the shared memory at any time, or shrink the shared memory region.  The "
"former possibility leaves the local process vulnerable to time-of-check-to-"
"time-of-use race conditions (typically dealt with by copying data from the "
"shared memory region before checking and using it).  The latter possibility "
"leaves the local process vulnerable to B<SIGBUS> signals when an attempt is "
"made to access a now-nonexistent location in the shared memory region.  "
"(Dealing with this possibility necessitates the use of a handler for the "
"B<SIGBUS> signal.)"
msgstr ""
"Ели файл не опечатан, то процессы, которые связываются через общую память, "
"должны или доверять друг другу, или учитывать возможность того, что "
"недоверенная сторона может работать с общей памятью проблемным способом. "
"Например, недоверенная сторона может изменить содержимое общей памяти в "
"любое время или уменьшить область общей памяти. Первая возможность делает "
"локальный процесс уязвимым к состязательности условий «момент проверки — "
"момент использования» (обычно решается копированием данных из области общей "
"памяти перед проверкой и использованием). Последняя возможность делает "
"локальный процесс уязвимым к сигналам B<SIGBUS>, которые возникают при "
"попытке получить доступ к теперь несуществующему расположению в области "
"общей памяти (решается использованием обработчика сигнала B<SIGBUS>)."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Dealing with untrusted peers imposes extra complexity on code that employs "
"shared memory.  Memory sealing enables that extra complexity to be "
"eliminated, by allowing a process to operate secure in the knowledge that "
"its peer can't modify the shared memory in an undesired fashion."
msgstr ""
"Взаимодействие с недоверенными сторонами приводит к усложнению кода для "
"работы с общей памятью. Опечатывание памяти позволяет устранить эту "
"сложность, позволяя процессу безопасно работать, зная что его партнёр не "
"может изменить общую память нежелательным способом."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "An example of the usage of the sealing mechanism is as follows:"
msgstr "В примере использования механизма опечатывания происходит следующее:"

#. type: IP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "(1)"
msgstr "(1)"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The first process creates a B<tmpfs>(5)  file using B<memfd_create>().  The "
"call yields a file descriptor used in subsequent steps."
msgstr ""
"Первый процесс создаёт файл B<tmpfs>(5) с помощью B<memfd_create>(). Вызов "
"возвращает файловый дескриптор, используемый далее."

#. type: IP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "(2)"
msgstr "(2)"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The first process sizes the file created in the previous step using "
"B<ftruncate>(2), maps it using B<mmap>(2), and populates the shared memory "
"with the desired data."
msgstr ""
"Первый процесс задаёт размер файла, созданного ранее, с помощью "
"B<ftruncate>(2), отображает его с помощью B<mmap>(2) и заполняется общую "
"память нужными данными."

#. type: IP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "(3)"
msgstr "(3)"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The first process uses the B<fcntl>(2)  B<F_ADD_SEALS> operation to place "
#| "one or more seals on the file, in order to restrict further modifications "
#| "on the file.  (If placing the seal B<F_SEAL_WRITE>, then it will be "
#| "necessary to first unmap the shared writable mapping created in the "
#| "previous step.)"
msgid ""
"The first process uses the B<fcntl>(2)  B<F_ADD_SEALS> operation to place "
"one or more seals on the file, in order to restrict further modifications on "
"the file.  (If placing the seal B<F_SEAL_WRITE>, then it will be necessary "
"to first unmap the shared writable mapping created in the previous step.  "
"Otherwise, behavior similar to B<F_SEAL_WRITE> can be achieved by using "
"B<F_SEAL_FUTURE_WRITE>, which will prevent future writes via B<mmap>(2)  and "
"B<write>(2)  from succeeding while keeping existing shared writable "
"mappings)."
msgstr ""
"Первый процесс использует B<fcntl>(2) с операцией B<F_ADD_SEALS> для "
"установки одной или более печатей на файл, чтобы в дальнейшем ограничить "
"изменение файла (если устанавливается печать B<F_SEAL_WRITE>, то сначала "
"нужно удалить общее доступное на запись отображение, созданное ранее)."

#. type: IP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "(4)"
msgstr "(4)"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"A second process obtains a file descriptor for the B<tmpfs>(5)  file and "
"maps it.  Among the possible ways in which this could happen are the "
"following:"
msgstr ""
"Второй процесс получает файловый дескриптор файла B<tmpfs>(5) и отображает "
"его. Варианты того, как это можно сделать:"

#. type: IP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\[bu]"
msgstr "\\[bu]"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The process that called B<memfd_create>()  could transfer the resulting file "
"descriptor to the second process via a UNIX domain socket (see B<unix>(7)  "
"and B<cmsg>(3)).  The second process then maps the file using B<mmap>(2)."
msgstr ""
"Процесс, вызвавший B<memfd_create>(), может переслать полученный файловый "
"дескриптор второму процессу через доменный сокет UNIX (смотрите B<unix>(7) и "
"B<cmsg>(3)). Второй процесс затем отображает файл с помощью B<mmap>(2)."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The second process is created via B<fork>(2)  and thus automatically "
"inherits the file descriptor and mapping.  (Note that in this case and the "
"next, there is a natural trust relationship between the two processes, since "
"they are running under the same user ID.  Therefore, file sealing would not "
"normally be necessary.)"
msgstr ""
"Второй процесс создаётся с помощью B<fork>(2) и, таким образом, наследует "
"файловый дескриптор и отображение (заметим, что в этом случае и следующем "
"образуется природное доверие между двумя процессами, так как они работают с "
"правами одного пользовательского идентификатора. Поэтому опечатывание файла "
"здесь не нужно)."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The second process opens the file I</proc/E<lt>pidE<gt>/fd/E<lt>fdE<gt>>, "
#| "where I<E<lt>pidE<gt>> is the PID of the first process (the one that "
#| "called B<memfd_create>()), and I<E<lt>fdE<gt>> is the number of the file "
#| "descriptor returned by the call to B<memfd_create>()  in that process.  "
#| "The second process then maps the file using B<mmap>(2)."
msgid ""
"The second process opens the file I</proc/>pidI</fd/>fd, where "
"I<E<lt>pidE<gt>> is the PID of the first process (the one that called "
"B<memfd_create>()), and I<E<lt>fdE<gt>> is the number of the file descriptor "
"returned by the call to B<memfd_create>()  in that process.  The second "
"process then maps the file using B<mmap>(2)."
msgstr ""
"Второй процесс открывает файл I</proc/E<lt>pidE<gt>/fd/E<lt>fdE<gt>>, где "
"I<E<lt>pidE<gt>> — PID первого процесса (вызвавшего B<memfd_create>()), а "
"I<E<lt>fdE<gt>> — номер файлового дескриптора, возвращённого вызовом "
"B<memfd_create>() в этом процессе. Затем второй процесс отображает файл с "
"помощью B<mmap>(2)."

#. type: IP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "(5)"
msgstr "(5)"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The second process uses the B<fcntl>(2)  B<F_GET_SEALS> operation to "
"retrieve the bit mask of seals that has been applied to the file.  This bit "
"mask can be inspected in order to determine what kinds of restrictions have "
"been placed on file modifications.  If desired, the second process can apply "
"further seals to impose additional restrictions (so long as the "
"B<F_SEAL_SEAL> seal has not yet been applied)."
msgstr ""
"Второй процесс использует B<fcntl>(2) с операцией B<F_GET_SEALS> для "
"получения битовой маски печатей, которые были применены к файлу. Данная "
"маска проверяется, чтобы определить какие ограничения наложены на изменения "
"файла. Если требуется, то второй процесс может наложить дополнительные "
"печати, что ещё ограничить действия (возможно до тех пор, пока не будет "
"наложена печать B<F_SEAL_SEAL>)."

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "EXAMPLES"
msgstr "ПРИМЕРЫ"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Below are shown two example programs that demonstrate the use of "
"B<memfd_create>()  and the file sealing API."
msgstr ""
"Далее показано два примера программы, в которых продемонстрировано "
"использование B<memfd_create>() и программный интерфейс опечатывания файла."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The first program, I<t_memfd_create.c>, creates a B<tmpfs>(5)  file using "
"B<memfd_create>(), sets a size for the file, maps it into memory, and "
"optionally places some seals on the file.  The program accepts up to three "
"command-line arguments, of which the first two are required.  The first "
"argument is the name to associate with the file, the second argument is the "
"size to be set for the file, and the optional third argument is a string of "
"characters that specify seals to be set on the file."
msgstr ""
"Первая программа, I<t_memfd_create.c>, создаёт файл B<tmpfs>(5) с помощью "
"B<memfd_create>(), изменяет его размер, отображает в память и, возможно, "
"накладывает несколько печатей на файл. Программа принимает не более трёх "
"аргументов командной строки, два первых обязательные. Первым аргументом "
"задаётся имя файла, во втором — размер файла, а в необязательном третьем — "
"строка символов, задающих устанавливаемые печати на файл."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The second program, I<t_get_seals.c>, can be used to open an existing file "
"that was created via B<memfd_create>()  and inspect the set of seals that "
"have been applied to that file."
msgstr ""
"Вторая программа, I<t_get_seals.c>, может использоваться для открытия "
"существующего файла, созданного B<memfd_create>(), и проверки набора "
"печатей, применённых к файлу."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The following shell session demonstrates the use of these programs.  First "
"we create a B<tmpfs>(5)  file and set some seals on it:"
msgstr ""
"Следующий пример сеанса показывает как использовать программу. Сначала "
"создаётся файл B<tmpfs>(5) и накладываются печати:"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ B<./t_memfd_create my_memfd_file 4096 sw &>\n"
"[1] 11775\n"
"PID: 11775; fd: 3; /proc/11775/fd/3\n"
msgstr ""
"$ B<./t_memfd_create my_memfd_file 4096 sw &>\n"
"[1] 11775\n"
"PID: 11775; fd: 3; /proc/11775/fd/3\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"At this point, the I<t_memfd_create> program continues to run in the "
"background.  From another program, we can obtain a file descriptor for the "
"file created by B<memfd_create>()  by opening the I</proc/>pidI</fd> file "
"that corresponds to the file descriptor opened by B<memfd_create>().  Using "
"that pathname, we inspect the content of the I</proc/>pidI</fd> symbolic "
"link, and use our I<t_get_seals> program to view the seals that have been "
"placed on the file:"
msgstr ""
"После этого программа I<t_memfd_create> продолжает выполняться в фоновом "
"режиме. Из другой программы можно получить дескриптор файла, созданный "
"B<memfd_create>(), открыв файл I</proc/>pidI</fd>, который соответствует "
"файловому дескриптору, открытому B<memfd_create>(). Используя это имя, можно "
"просмотреть содержимое символьной ссылки I</proc/>pidI</fd> и использовать "
"программу I<t_get_seals> для просмотра печатей, которые установлены на файл:"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"$ B<readlink /proc/11775/fd/3>\n"
"/memfd:my_memfd_file (deleted)\n"
"$ B<./t_get_seals /proc/11775/fd/3>\n"
"Existing seals: WRITE SHRINK\n"
msgstr ""
"$ B<readlink /proc/11775/fd/3>\n"
"/memfd:my_memfd_file (удалён)\n"
"$ B<./t_get_seals /proc/11775/fd/3>\n"
"Наложенные печати: WRITE SHRINK\n"

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Program source: t_memfd_create.c"
msgstr "Исходный код программы: t_memfd_create.c"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#define _GNU_SOURCE\n"
"#include E<lt>err.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdint.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>string.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>sys/mman.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>sys/types.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
"\\&\n"
"int\n"
"main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
"{\n"
"    int           fd;\n"
"    char          *name, *seals_arg;\n"
"    ssize_t       len;\n"
"    unsigned int  seals;\n"
"\\&\n"
"    if (argc E<lt> 3) {\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"%s name size [seals]\\en\", argv[0]);\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\[aq]seals\\[aq] can contain any of the \"\n"
"                \"following characters:\\en\");\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\etg - F_SEAL_GROW\\en\");\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\ets - F_SEAL_SHRINK\\en\");\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\etw - F_SEAL_WRITE\\en\");\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\etW - F_SEAL_FUTURE_WRITE\\en\");\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\etS - F_SEAL_SEAL\\en\");\n"
"        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"    }\n"
"\\&\n"
"    name = argv[1];\n"
"    len = atoi(argv[2]);\n"
"    seals_arg = argv[3];\n"
"\\&\n"
"    /* Create an anonymous file in tmpfs; allow seals to be\n"
"       placed on the file. */\n"
"\\&\n"
"    fd = memfd_create(name, MFD_ALLOW_SEALING);\n"
"    if (fd == -1)\n"
"        err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"memfd_create\");\n"
"\\&\n"
"    /* Size the file as specified on the command line. */\n"
"\\&\n"
"    if (ftruncate(fd, len) == -1)\n"
"        err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"truncate\");\n"
"\\&\n"
"    printf(\"PID: %jd; fd: %d; /proc/%jd/fd/%d\\en\",\n"
"           (intmax_t) getpid(), fd, (intmax_t) getpid(), fd);\n"
"\\&\n"
"    /* Code to map the file and populate the mapping with data\n"
"       omitted. */\n"
"\\&\n"
"    /* If a \\[aq]seals\\[aq] command-line argument was supplied, set some\n"
"       seals on the file. */\n"
"\\&\n"
"    if (seals_arg != NULL) {\n"
"        seals = 0;\n"
"\\&\n"
"        if (strchr(seals_arg, \\[aq]g\\[aq]) != NULL)\n"
"            seals |= F_SEAL_GROW;\n"
"        if (strchr(seals_arg, \\[aq]s\\[aq]) != NULL)\n"
"            seals |= F_SEAL_SHRINK;\n"
"        if (strchr(seals_arg, \\[aq]w\\[aq]) != NULL)\n"
"            seals |= F_SEAL_WRITE;\n"
"        if (strchr(seals_arg, \\[aq]W\\[aq]) != NULL)\n"
"            seals |= F_SEAL_FUTURE_WRITE;\n"
"        if (strchr(seals_arg, \\[aq]S\\[aq]) != NULL)\n"
"            seals |= F_SEAL_SEAL;\n"
"\\&\n"
"        if (fcntl(fd, F_ADD_SEALS, seals) == -1)\n"
"            err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"fcntl\");\n"
"    }\n"
"\\&\n"
"    /* Keep running, so that the file created by memfd_create()\n"
"       continues to exist. */\n"
"\\&\n"
"    pause();\n"
"\\&\n"
"    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""

#.  SRC END
#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Program source: t_get_seals.c"
msgstr "Исходный код программы: t_get_seals.c"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#define _GNU_SOURCE\n"
"#include E<lt>err.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
"\\&\n"
"int\n"
"main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
"{\n"
"    int           fd;\n"
"    unsigned int  seals;\n"
"\\&\n"
"    if (argc != 2) {\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"%s /proc/PID/fd/FD\\en\", argv[0]);\n"
"        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"    }\n"
"\\&\n"
"    fd = open(argv[1], O_RDWR);\n"
"    if (fd == -1)\n"
"        err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"open\");\n"
"\\&\n"
"    seals = fcntl(fd, F_GET_SEALS);\n"
"    if (seals == -1)\n"
"        err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"fcntl\");\n"
"\\&\n"
"    printf(\"Existing seals:\");\n"
"    if (seals & F_SEAL_SEAL)\n"
"        printf(\" SEAL\");\n"
"    if (seals & F_SEAL_GROW)\n"
"        printf(\" GROW\");\n"
"    if (seals & F_SEAL_WRITE)\n"
"        printf(\" WRITE\");\n"
"    if (seals & F_SEAL_FUTURE_WRITE)\n"
"        printf(\" FUTURE_WRITE\");\n"
"    if (seals & F_SEAL_SHRINK)\n"
"        printf(\" SHRINK\");\n"
"    printf(\"\\en\");\n"
"\\&\n"
"    /* Code to map the file and access the contents of the\n"
"       resulting mapping omitted. */\n"
"\\&\n"
"    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""

#.  SRC END
#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "SEE ALSO"
msgstr "СМОТРИТЕ ТАКЖЕ"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"B<fcntl>(2), B<ftruncate>(2), B<memfd_secret>(2), B<mmap>(2), B<shmget>(2), "
"B<shm_open>(3)"
msgstr ""
"B<fcntl>(2), B<ftruncate>(2), B<memfd_secret>(2), B<mmap>(2), B<shmget>(2), "
"B<shm_open>(3)"

#. type: TH
#: debian-bookworm
#, no-wrap
msgid "2023-02-05"
msgstr "5 февраля 2023 г."

#. type: TH
#: debian-bookworm
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.03"
msgstr "Linux man-pages 6.03"

#. type: TP
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<MFD_HUGE_2MB>, B<MFD_HUGE_1GB>, B<...>"
msgstr "B<MFD_HUGE_2MB>, B<MFD_HUGE_1GB>, B<...>"

#. type: SH
#: debian-bookworm
#, no-wrap
msgid "VERSIONS"
msgstr "ВЕРСИИ"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The B<memfd_create>()  system call first appeared in Linux 3.17; glibc "
#| "support was added in version 2.27."
msgid ""
"The B<memfd_create>()  system call first appeared in Linux 3.17; glibc "
"support was added in glibc 2.27."
msgstr ""
"Системный вызов B<memfd_create>() появился в Linux 3.17; поддержка в glibc "
"началась с версии 2.27."

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm
msgid "The B<memfd_create>()  system call is Linux-specific."
msgstr "Системный вызов B<memfd_create>() есть только в Linux."

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm
msgid ""
"The second process opens the file I</proc/E<lt>pidE<gt>/fd/E<lt>fdE<gt>>, "
"where I<E<lt>pidE<gt>> is the PID of the first process (the one that called "
"B<memfd_create>()), and I<E<lt>fdE<gt>> is the number of the file descriptor "
"returned by the call to B<memfd_create>()  in that process.  The second "
"process then maps the file using B<mmap>(2)."
msgstr ""
"Второй процесс открывает файл I</proc/E<lt>pidE<gt>/fd/E<lt>fdE<gt>>, где "
"I<E<lt>pidE<gt>> — PID первого процесса (вызвавшего B<memfd_create>()), а "
"I<E<lt>fdE<gt>> — номер файлового дескриптора, возвращённого вызовом "
"B<memfd_create>() в этом процессе. Затем второй процесс отображает файл с "
"помощью B<mmap>(2)."

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#define _GNU_SOURCE\n"
"#include E<lt>err.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdint.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>string.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>sys/mman.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
msgstr ""
"#define _GNU_SOURCE\n"
"#include E<lt>err.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdint.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>string.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>sys/mman.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"int\n"
"main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
"{\n"
"    int           fd;\n"
"    char          *name, *seals_arg;\n"
"    ssize_t       len;\n"
"    unsigned int  seals;\n"
msgstr ""
"int\n"
"main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
"{\n"
"    int           fd;\n"
"    char          *name, *seals_arg;\n"
"    ssize_t       len;\n"
"    unsigned int  seals;\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, fuzzy, no-wrap
#| msgid ""
#| "    if (argc E<lt> 3) {\n"
#| "        fprintf(stderr, \"%s name size [seals]\\en\", argv[0]);\n"
#| "        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\(aqseals\\(aq can contain any of the \"\n"
#| "                \"following characters:\\en\");\n"
#| "        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\etg - F_SEAL_GROW\\en\");\n"
#| "        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\ets - F_SEAL_SHRINK\\en\");\n"
#| "        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\etw - F_SEAL_WRITE\\en\");\n"
#| "        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\etW - F_SEAL_FUTURE_WRITE\\en\");\n"
#| "        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\etS - F_SEAL_SEAL\\en\");\n"
#| "        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
#| "    }\n"
msgid ""
"    if (argc E<lt> 3) {\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"%s name size [seals]\\en\", argv[0]);\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\[aq]seals\\[aq] can contain any of the \"\n"
"                \"following characters:\\en\");\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\etg - F_SEAL_GROW\\en\");\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\ets - F_SEAL_SHRINK\\en\");\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\etw - F_SEAL_WRITE\\en\");\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\etW - F_SEAL_FUTURE_WRITE\\en\");\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\etS - F_SEAL_SEAL\\en\");\n"
"        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"    }\n"
msgstr ""
"    if (argc E<lt> 3) {\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"%s name size [seals]\\en\", argv[0]);\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\(aqseals\\(aq могут быть \"\n"
"                \"следующие символы::\\en\");\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\etg - F_SEAL_GROW\\en\");\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\ets - F_SEAL_SHRINK\\en\");\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\etw - F_SEAL_WRITE\\en\");\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\etW - F_SEAL_FUTURE_WRITE\\en\");\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\etS - F_SEAL_SEAL\\en\");\n"
"        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"    }\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    name = argv[1];\n"
"    len = atoi(argv[2]);\n"
"    seals_arg = argv[3];\n"
msgstr ""
"    name = argv[1];\n"
"    len = atoi(argv[2]);\n"
"    seals_arg = argv[3];\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    /* Create an anonymous file in tmpfs; allow seals to be\n"
"       placed on the file. */\n"
msgstr ""
"    /* Создаётся анонимный файл в tmpfs; на файл\n"
"       накладываются указанные печати. */\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    fd = memfd_create(name, MFD_ALLOW_SEALING);\n"
"    if (fd == -1)\n"
"        err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"memfd_create\");\n"
msgstr ""
"    fd = memfd_create(name, MFD_ALLOW_SEALING);\n"
"    if (fd == -1)\n"
"        err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"memfd_create\");\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid "    /* Size the file as specified on the command line. */\n"
msgstr "    /* Размер файл как указано в командной строке. */\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    if (ftruncate(fd, len) == -1)\n"
"        err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"truncate\");\n"
msgstr ""
"    if (ftruncate(fd, len) == -1)\n"
"        err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"truncate\");\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    printf(\"PID: %jd; fd: %d; /proc/%jd/fd/%d\\en\",\n"
"           (intmax_t) getpid(), fd, (intmax_t) getpid(), fd);\n"
msgstr ""
"    printf(\"PID: %jd; fd: %d; /proc/%jd/fd/%d\\en\",\n"
"           (intmax_t) getpid(), fd, (intmax_t) getpid(), fd);\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    /* Code to map the file and populate the mapping with data\n"
"       omitted. */\n"
msgstr "    /* Здесь может быть код для отображения файла и заполнения данными. */\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, fuzzy, no-wrap
#| msgid ""
#| "    /* If a \\(aqseals\\(aq command-line argument was supplied, set some\n"
#| "       seals on the file. */\n"
msgid ""
"    /* If a \\[aq]seals\\[aq] command-line argument was supplied, set some\n"
"       seals on the file. */\n"
msgstr ""
"    /* Если в командной строке задан параметр \\(aqпечати\\(aq, то\n"
"       накладываем их на файл. */\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    if (seals_arg != NULL) {\n"
"        seals = 0;\n"
msgstr ""
"    if (seals_arg != NULL) {\n"
"        seals = 0;\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, fuzzy, no-wrap
#| msgid ""
#| "        if (strchr(seals_arg, \\(aqg\\(aq) != NULL)\n"
#| "            seals |= F_SEAL_GROW;\n"
#| "        if (strchr(seals_arg, \\(aqs\\(aq) != NULL)\n"
#| "            seals |= F_SEAL_SHRINK;\n"
#| "        if (strchr(seals_arg, \\(aqw\\(aq) != NULL)\n"
#| "            seals |= F_SEAL_WRITE;\n"
#| "        if (strchr(seals_arg, \\(aqW\\(aq) != NULL)\n"
#| "            seals |= F_SEAL_FUTURE_WRITE;\n"
#| "        if (strchr(seals_arg, \\(aqS\\(aq) != NULL)\n"
#| "            seals |= F_SEAL_SEAL;\n"
msgid ""
"        if (strchr(seals_arg, \\[aq]g\\[aq]) != NULL)\n"
"            seals |= F_SEAL_GROW;\n"
"        if (strchr(seals_arg, \\[aq]s\\[aq]) != NULL)\n"
"            seals |= F_SEAL_SHRINK;\n"
"        if (strchr(seals_arg, \\[aq]w\\[aq]) != NULL)\n"
"            seals |= F_SEAL_WRITE;\n"
"        if (strchr(seals_arg, \\[aq]W\\[aq]) != NULL)\n"
"            seals |= F_SEAL_FUTURE_WRITE;\n"
"        if (strchr(seals_arg, \\[aq]S\\[aq]) != NULL)\n"
"            seals |= F_SEAL_SEAL;\n"
msgstr ""
"        if (strchr(seals_arg, \\(aqg\\(aq) != NULL)\n"
"            seals |= F_SEAL_GROW;\n"
"        if (strchr(seals_arg, \\(aqs\\(aq) != NULL)\n"
"            seals |= F_SEAL_SHRINK;\n"
"        if (strchr(seals_arg, \\(aqw\\(aq) != NULL)\n"
"            seals |= F_SEAL_WRITE;\n"
"        if (strchr(seals_arg, \\(aqW\\(aq) != NULL)\n"
"            seals |= F_SEAL_FUTURE_WRITE;\n"
"        if (strchr(seals_arg, \\(aqS\\(aq) != NULL)\n"
"            seals |= F_SEAL_SEAL;\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"        if (fcntl(fd, F_ADD_SEALS, seals) == -1)\n"
"            err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"fcntl\");\n"
"    }\n"
msgstr ""
"        if (fcntl(fd, F_ADD_SEALS, seals) == -1)\n"
"            err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"fcntl\");\n"
"    }\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    /* Keep running, so that the file created by memfd_create()\n"
"       continues to exist. */\n"
msgstr ""
"    /* Продолжаем выполнение для того, чтобы файл, созданный memfd_create(),\n"
"       продолжал существовать. */\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid "    pause();\n"
msgstr "    pause();\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""
"    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
"}\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#define _GNU_SOURCE\n"
"#include E<lt>err.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
msgstr ""
"#define _GNU_SOURCE\n"
"#include E<lt>err.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"int\n"
"main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
"{\n"
"    int           fd;\n"
"    unsigned int  seals;\n"
msgstr ""
"int\n"
"main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
"{\n"
"    int           fd;\n"
"    unsigned int  seals;\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    if (argc != 2) {\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"%s /proc/PID/fd/FD\\en\", argv[0]);\n"
"        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"    }\n"
msgstr ""
"    if (argc != 2) {\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"%s /proc/PID/fd/FD\\en\", argv[0]);\n"
"        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"    }\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    fd = open(argv[1], O_RDWR);\n"
"    if (fd == -1)\n"
"        err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"open\");\n"
msgstr ""
"    fd = open(argv[1], O_RDWR);\n"
"    if (fd == -1)\n"
"        err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"open\");\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    seals = fcntl(fd, F_GET_SEALS);\n"
"    if (seals == -1)\n"
"        err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"fcntl\");\n"
msgstr ""
"    seals = fcntl(fd, F_GET_SEALS);\n"
"    if (seals == -1)\n"
"        err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"fcntl\");\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    printf(\"Existing seals:\");\n"
"    if (seals & F_SEAL_SEAL)\n"
"        printf(\" SEAL\");\n"
"    if (seals & F_SEAL_GROW)\n"
"        printf(\" GROW\");\n"
"    if (seals & F_SEAL_WRITE)\n"
"        printf(\" WRITE\");\n"
"    if (seals & F_SEAL_FUTURE_WRITE)\n"
"        printf(\" FUTURE_WRITE\");\n"
"    if (seals & F_SEAL_SHRINK)\n"
"        printf(\" SHRINK\");\n"
"    printf(\"\\en\");\n"
msgstr ""
"    printf(\"Наложенные печати:\");\n"
"    if (seals & F_SEAL_SEAL)\n"
"        printf(\" SEAL\");\n"
"    if (seals & F_SEAL_GROW)\n"
"        printf(\" GROW\");\n"
"    if (seals & F_SEAL_WRITE)\n"
"        printf(\" WRITE\");\n"
"    if (seals & F_SEAL_FUTURE_WRITE)\n"
"        printf(\" FUTURE_WRITE\");\n"
"    if (seals & F_SEAL_SHRINK)\n"
"        printf(\" SHRINK\");\n"
"    printf(\"\\en\");\n"

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    /* Code to map the file and access the contents of the\n"
"       resulting mapping omitted. */\n"
msgstr "    /* Здесь может быть код для отображения и доступа к содержимому файла. */\n"

#. type: TH
#: fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#, no-wrap
msgid "2023-10-31"
msgstr "31 октября 2023 г."

#. type: TH
#: fedora-40 mageia-cauldron
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.06"
msgstr "Linux man-pages 6.06"

#. type: Plain text
#: fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"#define _GNU_SOURCE\n"
"#include E<lt>err.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>fcntl.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdint.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdio.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>stdlib.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>string.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>sys/mman.hE<gt>\n"
"#include E<lt>unistd.hE<gt>\n"
"\\&\n"
"int\n"
"main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
"{\n"
"    int           fd;\n"
"    char          *name, *seals_arg;\n"
"    ssize_t       len;\n"
"    unsigned int  seals;\n"
"\\&\n"
"    if (argc E<lt> 3) {\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"%s name size [seals]\\en\", argv[0]);\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\[aq]seals\\[aq] can contain any of the \"\n"
"                \"following characters:\\en\");\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\etg - F_SEAL_GROW\\en\");\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\ets - F_SEAL_SHRINK\\en\");\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\etw - F_SEAL_WRITE\\en\");\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\etW - F_SEAL_FUTURE_WRITE\\en\");\n"
"        fprintf(stderr, \"\\et\\etS - F_SEAL_SEAL\\en\");\n"
"        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);\n"
"    }\n"
"\\&\n"
"    name = argv[1];\n"
"    len = atoi(argv[2]);\n"
"    seals_arg = argv[3];\n"
"\\&\n"
"    /* Create an anonymous file in tmpfs; allow seals to be\n"
"       placed on the file. */\n"
"\\&\n"
"    fd = memfd_create(name, MFD_ALLOW_SEALING);\n"
"    if (fd == -1)\n"
"        err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"memfd_create\");\n"
"\\&\n"
"    /* Size the file as specified on the command line. */\n"
"\\&\n"
"    if (ftruncate(fd, len) == -1)\n"
"        err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"truncate\");\n"
"\\&\n"
"    printf(\"PID: %jd; fd: %d; /proc/%jd/fd/%d\\en\",\n"
"           (intmax_t) getpid(), fd, (intmax_t) getpid(), fd);\n"
"\\&\n"
"    /* Code to map the file and populate the mapping with data\n"
"       omitted. */\n"
"\\&\n"
"    /* If a \\[aq]seals\\[aq] command-line argument was supplied, set some\n"
"       seals on the file. */\n"
"\\&\n"
"    if (seals_arg != NULL) {\n"
"        seals = 0;\n"
"\\&\n"
"        if (strchr(seals_arg, \\[aq]g\\[aq]) != NULL)\n"
"            seals |= F_SEAL_GROW;\n"
"        if (strchr(seals_arg, \\[aq]s\\[aq]) != NULL)\n"
"            seals |= F_SEAL_SHRINK;\n"
"        if (strchr(seals_arg, \\[aq]w\\[aq]) != NULL)\n"
"            seals |= F_SEAL_WRITE;\n"
"        if (strchr(seals_arg, \\[aq]W\\[aq]) != NULL)\n"
"            seals |= F_SEAL_FUTURE_WRITE;\n"
"        if (strchr(seals_arg, \\[aq]S\\[aq]) != NULL)\n"
"            seals |= F_SEAL_SEAL;\n"
"\\&\n"
"        if (fcntl(fd, F_ADD_SEALS, seals) == -1)\n"
"            err(EXIT_FAILURE, \"fcntl\");\n"
"    }\n"
"\\&\n"
"    /* Keep running, so that the file created by memfd_create()\n"
"       continues to exist. */\n"
"\\&\n"
"    pause();\n"
"\\&\n"
"    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: fedora-rawhide
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.7"
msgstr "Linux man-pages 6.7"

#. type: TH
#: opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid "2023-04-03"
msgstr "3 апреля 2023 г."

#. type: TH
#: opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.04"
msgstr "Linux man-pages 6.04"

#. type: TH
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
#, fuzzy, no-wrap
#| msgid "Linux man-pages 6.7"
msgid "Linux man-pages (unreleased)"
msgstr "Linux man-pages 6.7"