path: root/po/ru/man7/path_resolution.7.po

# Russian translation of manpages
# This file is distributed under the same license as the manpages-l10n package.
# Copyright © of this file:
# Alexey, 2016.
# Azamat Hackimov <azamat.hackimov@gmail.com>, 2014-2017.
# kogamatranslator49 <r.podarov@yandex.ru>, 2015.
# Kogan, Darima <silverdk99@gmail.com>, 2014.
# Max Is <ismax799@gmail.com>, 2016.
# Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>, 2011-2019.
# Иван Павлов <pavia00@gmail.com>, 2017.
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: manpages-l10n\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-03-01 17:03+0100\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2019-10-12 08:58+0300\n"
"Last-Translator: Yuri Kozlov <yuray@komyakino.ru>\n"
"Language-Team: Russian <man-pages-ru-talks@lists.sourceforge.net>\n"
"Language: ru\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=4; plural=(n%10==1 && n%100!=11 ? 0 : n%10>=2 && "
"n%10<=4 && (n%100<12 || n%100>14) ? 1 : n%10==0 || (n%10>=5 && n%10<=9) || "
"(n%100>=11 && n%100<=14)? 2 : 3);\n"
"X-Generator: Lokalize 2.0\n"

#. type: TH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "path_resolution"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: archlinux fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#, no-wrap
msgid "2023-10-31"
msgstr "31 октября 2023 г."

#. type: TH
#: archlinux fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.06"
msgstr "Linux man-pages 6.06"

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "NAME"
msgstr "ИМЯ"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "path_resolution - how a pathname is resolved to a file"
msgstr "path_resolution - как путь преобразуется в файл"

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "DESCRIPTION"
msgstr "ОПИСАНИЕ"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Some UNIX/Linux system calls have as parameter one or more filenames.  A "
"filename (or pathname) is resolved as follows."
msgstr ""
"У некоторых системных вызовов UNIX/Linux есть параметр для указания одного "
"или нескольких имён файлов. Имя файла (или путь) преобразуется (resolved) "
"следующим образом."

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Step 1: start of the resolution process"
msgstr "Шаг 1: запуск процесса преобразования"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "If the pathname starts with the \\(aq/\\(aq character, the starting "
#| "lookup directory is the root directory of the calling process.  (A "
#| "process inherits its root directory from its parent.  Usually this will "
#| "be the root directory of the file hierarchy.  A process may get a "
#| "different root directory by use of the B<chroot>(2)  system call.  A "
#| "process may get an entirely private mount namespace in case it\\(emor one "
#| "of its ancestors\\(emwas started by an invocation of the B<clone>(2)  "
#| "system call that had the B<CLONE_NEWNS> flag set.)  This handles the "
#| "\\(aq/\\(aq part of the pathname."
msgid ""
"If the pathname starts with the \\[aq]/\\[aq] character, the starting lookup "
"directory is the root directory of the calling process.  A process inherits "
"its root directory from its parent.  Usually this will be the root directory "
"of the file hierarchy.  A process may get a different root directory by use "
"of the B<chroot>(2)  system call, or may temporarily use a different root "
"directory by using B<openat2>(2)  with the B<RESOLVE_IN_ROOT> flag set."
msgstr ""
"Если путь начинается с символа «/», то начальным каталогом поиска "
"назначается корневой каталог вызывающего процесса (процесс наследует свой "
"корневой каталог от родителя. Обычно, это корневой каталог файловой "
"иерархии. Процесс может получить другой корневой каталог, используя "
"системный вызов B<chroot>(2). Процесс может получить полностью закрытое "
"пространство имён монтирования когда он сам или один из его предков был "
"запущен системным вызовом B<clone>(2) с флагом B<CLONE_NEWNS>). Так "
"обрабатывается часть пути «/»."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"A process may get an entirely private mount namespace in case it\\[em]or one "
"of its ancestors\\[em]was started by an invocation of the B<clone>(2)  "
"system call that had the B<CLONE_NEWNS> flag set.  This handles the \\[aq]/"
"\\[aq] part of the pathname."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "If the pathname does not start with the \\(aq/\\(aq character, the "
#| "starting lookup directory of the resolution process is the current "
#| "working directory of the process.  (This is also inherited from the "
#| "parent.  It can be changed by use of the B<chdir>(2)  system call.)"
msgid ""
"If the pathname does not start with the \\[aq]/\\[aq] character, the "
"starting lookup directory of the resolution process is the current working "
"directory of the process \\[em] or in the case of B<openat>(2)-style system "
"calls, the I<dfd> argument (or the current working directory if B<AT_FDCWD> "
"is passed as the I<dfd> argument).  The current working directory is "
"inherited from the parent, and can be changed by use of the B<chdir>(2)  "
"system call."
msgstr ""
"Если путь не начинается с символа «/», то начальным каталогом поиска "
"процесса преобразование выбирается текущий рабочий каталог процесса (также "
"наследуемый от родителя; может быть системным вызовом B<chdir>(2))."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Pathnames starting with a \\(aq/\\(aq character are called absolute "
#| "pathnames.  Pathnames not starting with a \\(aq/\\(aq are called relative "
#| "pathnames."
msgid ""
"Pathnames starting with a \\[aq]/\\[aq] character are called absolute "
"pathnames.  Pathnames not starting with a \\[aq]/\\[aq] are called relative "
"pathnames."
msgstr ""
"Пути, начинающиеся с символа «/», называются абсолютными путями. Пути, не "
"начинающиеся с символа «/», называются относительными путями."

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Step 2: walk along the path"
msgstr "Шаг 2: обход пути"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Set the current lookup directory to the starting lookup directory.  Now, "
#| "for each nonfinal component of the pathname, where a component is a "
#| "substring delimited by \\(aq/\\(aq characters, this component is looked "
#| "up in the current lookup directory."
msgid ""
"Set the current lookup directory to the starting lookup directory.  Now, for "
"each nonfinal component of the pathname, where a component is a substring "
"delimited by \\[aq]/\\[aq] characters, this component is looked up in the "
"current lookup directory."
msgstr ""
"Назначаем текущим каталогом поиска начальный каталог поиска. Теперь для "
"каждого не конечного компонента пути (подстрока, разделённая символами «/») "
"будет производиться поиск в текущем каталоге поиска."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"If the process does not have search permission on the current lookup "
"directory, an B<EACCES> error is returned (\"Permission denied\")."
msgstr ""
"Если у процесса нет права поиска в текущем каталоге просмотра, будет "
"возвращена ошибка B<EACCES> («Доступ запрещён»)."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"If the component is not found, an B<ENOENT> error is returned (\"No such "
"file or directory\")."
msgstr ""
"Если компонент не найдет, будет возвращена ошибка B<ENOENT> («Нет такого "
"файла или каталога»)."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"If the component is found, but is neither a directory nor a symbolic link, "
"an B<ENOTDIR> error is returned (\"Not a directory\")."
msgstr ""
"Если компонент найден, но не является ни каталогом, ни символической "
"ссылкой, будет возвращена ошибка B<ENOTDIR> («Не является каталогом»)."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"If the component is found and is a directory, we set the current lookup "
"directory to that directory, and go to the next component."
msgstr ""
"Если компонент найден и является каталогом, значением текущего каталога "
"поиска устанавливается этот каталог, после чего осуществляется переход к "
"следующему компоненту."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "If the component is found and is a symbolic link (symlink), we first "
#| "resolve this symbolic link (with the current lookup directory as starting "
#| "lookup directory).  Upon error, that error is returned.  If the result is "
#| "not a directory, an B<ENOTDIR> error is returned.  If the resolution of "
#| "the symlink is successful and returns a directory, we set the current "
#| "lookup directory to that directory, and go to the next component.  Note "
#| "that the resolution process here can involve recursion if the prefix "
#| "('dirname') component of a pathname contains a filename that is a "
#| "symbolic link that resolves to a directory (where the prefix component of "
#| "that directory may contain a symbolic link, and so on).  In order to "
#| "protect the kernel against stack overflow, and also to protect against "
#| "denial of service, there are limits on the maximum recursion depth, and "
#| "on the maximum number of symbolic links followed.  An B<ELOOP> error is "
#| "returned when the maximum is exceeded (\"Too many levels of symbolic "
#| "links\")."
msgid ""
"If the component is found and is a symbolic link, we first resolve this "
"symbolic link (with the current lookup directory as starting lookup "
"directory).  Upon error, that error is returned.  If the result is not a "
"directory, an B<ENOTDIR> error is returned.  If the resolution of the "
"symbolic link is successful and returns a directory, we set the current "
"lookup directory to that directory, and go to the next component.  Note that "
"the resolution process here can involve recursion if the prefix ('dirname') "
"component of a pathname contains a filename that is a symbolic link that "
"resolves to a directory (where the prefix component of that directory may "
"contain a symbolic link, and so on).  In order to protect the kernel against "
"stack overflow, and also to protect against denial of service, there are "
"limits on the maximum recursion depth, and on the maximum number of symbolic "
"links followed.  An B<ELOOP> error is returned when the maximum is exceeded "
"(\"Too many levels of symbolic links\")."
msgstr ""
"Если компонент найден и это символическая ссылка (symlink), то сначала мы "
"разрешаем эту символическую ссылку (от текущего каталога, как начального "
"пути поиска). При ошибках, возвращаем ошибку. Если результат не каталог, то "
"возвращается ошибка B<ENOTDIR>. Если разрешение символической ссылки удалось "
"и получен каталог, то мы назначаем этот каталог текущим каталогом поиска и "
"переходим к следующему компоненту. Заметим, что процесс разрешения здесь "
"может вызвать рекурсию, если компонент префикса («dirname») пути содержит "
"имя символической ссылки, которая разрешается в каталог (где префикс "
"компонента этого каталога может содержать символическую ссылку и т .д.). Для "
"защиты ядра от переполнения стека, а также от отказа в обслуживании, есть "
"ограничение на максимальную глубину рекурсии и на максимальное количество "
"переходов по символическим ссылкам. При превышении возвращается ошибка "
"B<ELOOP> («Слишком много уровней символических ссылок»)."

#.  presently: max recursion depth during symlink resolution: 5
#.  max total number of symbolic links followed: 40
#.  _POSIX_SYMLOOP_MAX is 8
#.  MAXSYMLINKS is 40
#.  MAX_NESTED_LINKS
#.  commit 894bc8c4662ba9daceafe943a5ba0dd407da5cd3
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "As currently implemented on Linux, the maximum number of symbolic links "
#| "that will be followed while resolving a pathname is 40.  In kernels "
#| "before 2.6.18, the limit on the recursion depth was 5.  Starting with "
#| "Linux 2.6.18, this limit was raised to 8.  In Linux 4.2, the kernel's "
#| "pathname-resolution code was reworked to eliminate the use of recursion, "
#| "so that the only limit that remains is the maximum of 40 resolutions for "
#| "the entire pathname."
msgid ""
"As currently implemented on Linux, the maximum number of symbolic links that "
"will be followed while resolving a pathname is 40.  Before Linux 2.6.18, the "
"limit on the recursion depth was 5.  Starting with Linux 2.6.18, this limit "
"was raised to 8.  In Linux 4.2, the kernel's pathname-resolution code was "
"reworked to eliminate the use of recursion, so that the only limit that "
"remains is the maximum of 40 resolutions for the entire pathname."
msgstr ""
"В текущей реализации Linux максимальное количество допустимых переходов по "
"символическим ссылкам при преобразовании пути равно 40. В ядрах до версии "
"2.6.18 ограничение глубины рекурсии было равно 5. Начиная с Linux 2.6.18, "
"это ограничение увеличилось до 8. В Linux 4.2 код ядра разрешения пути был "
"переработан и возникновение рекурсии больше не происходит, поэтому осталось "
"только ограничение на 40 разрешений для всего пути."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The resolution of symbolic links during this stage can be blocked by using "
"B<openat2>(2), with the B<RESOLVE_NO_SYMLINKS> flag set."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Step 3: find the final entry"
msgstr "Шаг 3: поиск последнего элемента"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The lookup of the final component of the pathname goes just like that of "
#| "all other components, as described in the previous step, with two "
#| "differences: (i) the final component need not be a directory (at least as "
#| "far as the path resolution process is concerned\\(emit may have to be a "
#| "directory, or a nondirectory, because of the requirements of the specific "
#| "system call), and (ii) it is not necessarily an error if the component is "
#| "not found\\(emmaybe we are just creating it.  The details on the "
#| "treatment of the final entry are described in the manual pages of the "
#| "specific system calls."
msgid ""
"The lookup of the final component of the pathname goes just like that of all "
"other components, as described in the previous step, with two differences: "
"(i) the final component need not be a directory (at least as far as the path "
"resolution process is concerned\\[em]it may have to be a directory, or a "
"nondirectory, because of the requirements of the specific system call), and "
"(ii) it is not necessarily an error if the component is not found\\[em]maybe "
"we are just creating it.  The details on the treatment of the final entry "
"are described in the manual pages of the specific system calls."
msgstr ""
"Поиск конечного компонента пути происходит таким же образом, как и всех "
"других компонентов, как было описано в предыдущем шаге, но с двумя "
"различиями: конечному компоненту не нужно быть каталогом (по крайней мере, "
"это не важно для процесса преобразования — он может быть каталогом или не "
"каталогом, в зависимости от требований определённого системного вызова), и "
"если компонент не найден это необязательна ошибка — возможно, его только "
"требуется создать. О том, чем считается последний элемент, описано в "
"справочных страницах соответствующих системных вызовов."

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ". and .."
msgstr ". и .."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"By convention, every directory has the entries \".\" and \"..\", which refer "
"to the directory itself and to its parent directory, respectively."
msgstr ""
"По соглашению, в каждом каталоге есть записи «.» и «..», которые ссылаются "
"на сам каталог и на его родительских каталог, соответственно."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The path resolution process will assume that these entries have their "
"conventional meanings, regardless of whether they are actually present in "
"the physical filesystem."
msgstr ""
"Процесс определения пути предполагает, что эти записи имеют свои "
"общепринятые значения, независимо от того, присутствуют ли они на самом деле "
"в физической файловой системе."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "One cannot walk down past the root: \"/..\" is the same as \"/\"."
msgid "One cannot walk up past the root: \"/..\" is the same as \"/\"."
msgstr "Невозможно перейти за пределы корня: путь «/..» равен «/»."

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Mount points"
msgstr "Точки монтирования"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "After a \"mount dev path\" command, the pathname \"path\" refers to the "
#| "root of the filesystem hierarchy on the device \"dev\", and no longer to "
#| "whatever it referred to earlier."
msgid ""
"After a I<mount dev path> command, the pathname \"path\" refers to the root "
"of the filesystem hierarchy on the device \"dev\", and no longer to whatever "
"it referred to earlier."
msgstr ""
"После команды «mount устройство путь» путь указывает на корень иерархии "
"файловой системы устройства, и больше не указывает на то, что было раньше."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"One can walk out of a mounted filesystem: \"path/..\" refers to the parent "
"directory of \"path\", outside of the filesystem hierarchy on \"dev\"."
msgstr ""
"Можно выйти за пределы смонтированной файловой системы: «путь/..» указывает "
"на родительский каталог «пути», лежащий вне иерархии файловой системы "
"устройства."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Traversal of mount points can be blocked by using B<openat2>(2), with the "
"B<RESOLVE_NO_XDEV> flag set (though note that this also restricts bind mount "
"traversal)."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Trailing slashes"
msgstr "Конечные символы косой черты"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "If a pathname ends in a \\(aq/\\(aq, that forces resolution of the "
#| "preceding component as in Step 2: it has to exist and resolve to a "
#| "directory.  Otherwise, a trailing \\(aq/\\(aq is ignored.  (Or, "
#| "equivalently, a pathname with a trailing \\(aq/\\(aq is equivalent to the "
#| "pathname obtained by appending \\(aq.\\(aq to it.)"
msgid ""
"If a pathname ends in a \\[aq]/\\[aq], that forces resolution of the "
"preceding component as in Step 2: the component preceding the slash either "
"exists and resolves to a directory or it names a directory that is to be "
"created immediately after the pathname is resolved.  Otherwise, a trailing "
"\\[aq]/\\[aq] is ignored."
msgstr ""
"Если путь заканчивается на «/», то это приводит к обработке предыдущего "
"компонента согласно шагу 2: он существует и преобразуется в каталог. В "
"противном случае конечный  «/» будет проигнорирован (или, что тоже самое, "
"путь с конечной косой чертой «/» будет равен пути, полученному добавлением к "
"его концу «.»)."

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, fuzzy, no-wrap
#| msgid "Final symlink"
msgid "Final symbolic link"
msgstr "Символьная ссылка в конце"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "If the last component of a pathname is a symbolic link, then it depends "
#| "on the system call whether the file referred to will be the symbolic link "
#| "or the result of path resolution on its contents.  For example, the "
#| "system call B<lstat>(2)  will operate on the symlink, while B<stat>(2)  "
#| "operates on the file pointed to by the symlink."
msgid ""
"If the last component of a pathname is a symbolic link, then it depends on "
"the system call whether the file referred to will be the symbolic link or "
"the result of path resolution on its contents.  For example, the system call "
"B<lstat>(2)  will operate on the symbolic link, while B<stat>(2)  operates "
"on the file pointed to by the symbolic link."
msgstr ""
"Если последний компонент пути является символической ссылкой, то это зависит "
"от системного вызова, будет ли файл указывать на саму символическую ссылку "
"или на её содержимое. Например, системный вызов B<lstat>(2) будет работать с "
"символической ссылкой, а B<stat>(2) работает с файлом, на который указывает "
"символическая ссылка."

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Length limit"
msgstr "Ограничение длины"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"There is a maximum length for pathnames.  If the pathname (or some "
"intermediate pathname obtained while resolving symbolic links)  is too long, "
"an B<ENAMETOOLONG> error is returned (\"Filename too long\")."
msgstr ""
"Существует максимально допустимая длина пути. Если путь (или какой-нибудь "
"промежуточный путь, полученный при разрешении символических ссылок) очень "
"длинный, то возвращается B<ENAMETOOLONG> («Имя файла очень длинное»)."

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Empty pathname"
msgstr "Пустой путь"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"In the original UNIX, the empty pathname referred to the current directory.  "
"Nowadays POSIX decrees that an empty pathname must not be resolved "
"successfully.  Linux returns B<ENOENT> in this case."
msgstr ""
"В оригинальном UNIX, пустой путь считался текущим каталогом. В наши дни в "
"POSIX указано, что пустой путь не должен быть преобразован без ошибки. В "
"Linux в этом случае возвращается B<ENOENT>."

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Permissions"
msgstr "Права доступа"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The permission bits of a file consist of three groups of three bits; see "
"B<chmod>(1)  and B<stat>(2).  The first group of three is used when the "
"effective user ID of the calling process equals the owner ID of the file.  "
"The second group of three is used when the group ID of the file either "
"equals the effective group ID of the calling process, or is one of the "
"supplementary group IDs of the calling process (as set by B<setgroups>(2)).  "
"When neither holds, the third group is used."
msgstr ""
"Биты прав файла делятся на три группы по три бита; смотрите B<chmod>(1) и "
"B<stat>(2). Первая группа используется тогда, когда эффективный "
"идентификатор пользователя вызывающего процесса равен идентификатору "
"владельца файла. Вторая группа используется, если идентификатор группы файла "
"равен эффективному идентификатору группы вызывающего процесса или одному из "
"дополнительных групп вызывающего процесса (установленных B<setgroups>(2)). В "
"остальных случаях используется третья группа."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Of the three bits used, the first bit determines read permission, the second "
"write permission, and the last execute permission in case of ordinary files, "
"or search permission in case of directories."
msgstr ""
"Три бита используются следующим образом: первым битом задаётся доступ на "
"чтение, вторым на запись, а последним, в случае обычных файлов — разрешение "
"на выполнение, в в случае каталогов разрешение на поиск."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Linux uses the fsuid instead of the effective user ID in permission checks.  "
"Ordinarily the fsuid will equal the effective user ID, but the fsuid can be "
"changed by the system call B<setfsuid>(2)."
msgstr ""
"Для проверки доступа в Linux используется fsuid вместо эффективного "
"идентификатора пользователя. Обычно, fsuid равен эффективному идентификатору "
"пользователя, fsuid может быть изменён системным вызовом B<setfsuid>(2)."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"(Here \"fsuid\" stands for something like \"filesystem user ID\".  The "
"concept was required for the implementation of a user space NFS server at a "
"time when processes could send a signal to a process with the same effective "
"user ID.  It is obsolete now.  Nobody should use B<setfsuid>(2).)"
msgstr ""
"(Здесь «fsuid» сокращение от «пользовательский идентификатор в файловой "
"системе, filesystem user ID». Это требовалось для реализации сервера NFS в "
"пользовательском пространстве во времена, когда процессы могли посылать "
"сигнал процессу с тем же эффективным идентификатором пользователя. Сейчас "
"это устарело. Никто не должен использовать B<setfsuid>(2).)"

#.  FIXME . say something about filesystem mounted read-only ?
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Similarly, Linux uses the fsgid (\"filesystem group ID\")  instead of the "
"effective group ID.  See B<setfsgid>(2)."
msgstr ""
"Схожим образом в Linux используется fsgid (\"filesystem group ID\") вместо "
"идентификатора эффективной группы. Смотрите B<setfsgid>(2)."

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Bypassing permission checks: superuser and capabilities"
msgstr "Пропуск проверки прав доступа: суперпользователь и мандаты"

#.  (but for exec at least one x bit must be set) -- AEB
#.  but there is variation across systems on this point: for
#.  example, HP-UX and Tru64 are as described by AEB.  However,
#.  on some implementations (e.g., Solaris, FreeBSD),
#.  access(X_OK) by superuser will report success, regardless
#.  of the file's execute permission bits. -- MTK (Oct 05)
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"On a traditional UNIX system, the superuser (I<root>, user ID 0) is all-"
"powerful, and bypasses all permissions restrictions when accessing files."
msgstr ""
"В традиционных системах UNIX суперпользователю (I<root>, идентификатор "
"пользователя 0) доступно всё и при доступе к файлам никаких проверок "
"ограничений не производится."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"On Linux, superuser privileges are divided into capabilities (see "
"B<capabilities>(7)).  Two capabilities are relevant for file permissions "
"checks: B<CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE> and B<CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH>.  (A process has "
"these capabilities if its fsuid is 0.)"
msgstr ""
"В Linux права суперпользователя делятся мандатами (смотрите "
"B<capabilities>(7)). Два мандата относятся к проверка доступа к файлам: "
"B<CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE> и B<CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH> (процесс имеет эти мандаты, "
"если его fsuid равен 0)."

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The B<CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE> capability overrides all permission checking, but "
"grants execute permission only when at least one of the file's three execute "
"permission bits is set."
msgstr ""
"Мандат B<CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE> заменяет всех проверки прав, но позволяет право "
"выполнения только, когда установлен хотя бы один из трёх битов выполнения "
"файла."

#.  FIXME . say something about immutable files
#.  FIXME . say something about ACLs
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The B<CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH> capability grants read and search permission on "
"directories, and read permission on ordinary files."
msgstr ""
"Мандат B<CAP_DAC_READ_SEARCH> разрешает чтение и поиск в по каталогу, а "
"также чтение обычных файлов."

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "SEE ALSO"
msgstr "СМ. ТАКЖЕ"

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "B<readlink>(2), B<capabilities>(7), B<credentials>(7), B<symlink>(7)"
msgstr "B<readlink>(2), B<capabilities>(7), B<credentials>(7), B<symlink>(7)"

#. type: TH
#: debian-bookworm debian-unstable opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "2023-02-05"
msgstr "5 февраля 2023 г."

#. type: TH
#: debian-bookworm
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.03"
msgstr "Linux man-pages 6.03"

#. type: TH
#: debian-unstable opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.05.01"
msgstr "Linux man-pages 6.05.01"

#. type: TH
#: opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.04"
msgstr "Linux man-pages 6.04"