path: root/templates/man2/bpf.2.pot

# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
# Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc.
# This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
#
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2024-03-01 16:53+0100\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
"Language: \n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"

#. type: TH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "bpf"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: archlinux fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#, no-wrap
msgid "2023-11-01"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: archlinux fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.06"
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "NAME"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "bpf - perform a command on an extended BPF map or program"
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "SYNOPSIS"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<#include E<lt>linux/bpf.hE<gt>>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<int bpf(int >I<cmd>B<, union bpf_attr *>I<attr>B<, unsigned int >I<size>B<);>\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "DESCRIPTION"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The B<bpf>()  system call performs a range of operations related to extended "
"Berkeley Packet Filters.  Extended BPF (or eBPF) is similar to the original "
"(\"classic\") BPF (cBPF) used to filter network packets.  For both cBPF and "
"eBPF programs, the kernel statically analyzes the programs before loading "
"them, in order to ensure that they cannot harm the running system."
msgstr ""

#.  See 'enum bpf_func_id' in include/uapi/linux/bpf.h
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"eBPF extends cBPF in multiple ways, including the ability to call a fixed "
"set of in-kernel helper functions (via the B<BPF_CALL> opcode extension "
"provided by eBPF)  and access shared data structures such as eBPF maps."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Extended BPF Design/Architecture"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"eBPF maps are a generic data structure for storage of different data types.  "
"Data types are generally treated as binary blobs, so a user just specifies "
"the size of the key and the size of the value at map-creation time.  In "
"other words, a key/value for a given map can have an arbitrary structure."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"A user process can create multiple maps (with key/value-pairs being opaque "
"bytes of data) and access them via file descriptors.  Different eBPF "
"programs can access the same maps in parallel.  It's up to the user process "
"and eBPF program to decide what they store inside maps."
msgstr ""

#.  Defined by the kernel constant MAX_TAIL_CALL_CNT in include/linux/bpf.h
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"There's one special map type, called a program array.  This type of map "
"stores file descriptors referring to other eBPF programs.  When a lookup in "
"the map is performed, the program flow is redirected in-place to the "
"beginning of another eBPF program and does not return back to the calling "
"program.  The level of nesting has a fixed limit of 32, so that infinite "
"loops cannot be crafted.  At run time, the program file descriptors stored "
"in the map can be modified, so program functionality can be altered based on "
"specific requirements.  All programs referred to in a program-array map must "
"have been previously loaded into the kernel via B<bpf>().  If a map lookup "
"fails, the current program continues its execution.  See "
"B<BPF_MAP_TYPE_PROG_ARRAY> below for further details."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Generally, eBPF programs are loaded by the user process and automatically "
"unloaded when the process exits.  In some cases, for example, B<tc-bpf>(8), "
"the program will continue to stay alive inside the kernel even after the "
"process that loaded the program exits.  In that case, the tc subsystem holds "
"a reference to the eBPF program after the file descriptor has been closed by "
"the user-space program.  Thus, whether a specific program continues to live "
"inside the kernel depends on how it is further attached to a given kernel "
"subsystem after it was loaded via B<bpf>()."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Each eBPF program is a set of instructions that is safe to run until its "
"completion.  An in-kernel verifier statically determines that the eBPF "
"program terminates and is safe to execute.  During verification, the kernel "
"increments reference counts for each of the maps that the eBPF program uses, "
"so that the attached maps can't be removed until the program is unloaded."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"eBPF programs can be attached to different events.  These events can be the "
"arrival of network packets, tracing events, classification events by network "
"queueing disciplines (for eBPF programs attached to a B<tc>(8)  classifier), "
"and other types that may be added in the future.  A new event triggers "
"execution of the eBPF program, which may store information about the event "
"in eBPF maps.  Beyond storing data, eBPF programs may call a fixed set of in-"
"kernel helper functions."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The same eBPF program can be attached to multiple events and different eBPF "
"programs can access the same map:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"tracing     tracing    tracing    packet      packet     packet\n"
"event A     event B    event C    on eth0     on eth1    on eth2\n"
" |             |         |          |           |          \\[ha]\n"
" |             |         |          |           v          |\n"
" --E<gt> tracing E<lt>--     tracing      socket    tc ingress   tc egress\n"
"      prog_1          prog_2      prog_3    classifier    action\n"
"      |  |              |           |         prog_4      prog_5\n"
"   |---  -----|  |------|          map_3        |           |\n"
" map_1       map_2                              --| map_4 |--\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Arguments"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The operation to be performed by the B<bpf>()  system call is determined by "
"the I<cmd> argument.  Each operation takes an accompanying argument, "
"provided via I<attr>, which is a pointer to a union of type I<bpf_attr> (see "
"below).  The unused fields and padding must be zeroed out before the call.  "
"The I<size> argument is the size of the union pointed to by I<attr>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "The value provided in I<cmd> is one of the following:"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<BPF_MAP_CREATE>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Create a map and return a file descriptor that refers to the map.  The close-"
"on-exec file descriptor flag (see B<fcntl>(2))  is automatically enabled for "
"the new file descriptor."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<BPF_MAP_LOOKUP_ELEM>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Look up an element by key in a specified map and return its value."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<BPF_MAP_UPDATE_ELEM>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Create or update an element (key/value pair) in a specified map."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<BPF_MAP_DELETE_ELEM>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Look up and delete an element by key in a specified map."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<BPF_MAP_GET_NEXT_KEY>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Look up an element by key in a specified map and return the key of the next "
"element."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<BPF_PROG_LOAD>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Verify and load an eBPF program, returning a new file descriptor associated "
"with the program.  The close-on-exec file descriptor flag (see B<fcntl>(2))  "
"is automatically enabled for the new file descriptor."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The I<bpf_attr> union consists of various anonymous structures that are used "
"by different B<bpf>()  commands:"
msgstr ""

#.                  commit 2541517c32be2531e0da59dfd7efc1ce844644f5
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"union bpf_attr {\n"
"    struct {    /* Used by BPF_MAP_CREATE */\n"
"        __u32         map_type;\n"
"        __u32         key_size;    /* size of key in bytes */\n"
"        __u32         value_size;  /* size of value in bytes */\n"
"        __u32         max_entries; /* maximum number of entries\n"
"                                      in a map */\n"
"    };\n"
"\\&\n"
"    struct {    /* Used by BPF_MAP_*_ELEM and BPF_MAP_GET_NEXT_KEY\n"
"                   commands */\n"
"        __u32         map_fd;\n"
"        __aligned_u64 key;\n"
"        union {\n"
"            __aligned_u64 value;\n"
"            __aligned_u64 next_key;\n"
"        };\n"
"        __u64         flags;\n"
"    };\n"
"\\&\n"
"    struct {    /* Used by BPF_PROG_LOAD */\n"
"        __u32         prog_type;\n"
"        __u32         insn_cnt;\n"
"        __aligned_u64 insns;      /* \\[aq]const struct bpf_insn *\\[aq] */\n"
"        __aligned_u64 license;    /* \\[aq]const char *\\[aq] */\n"
"        __u32         log_level;  /* verbosity level of verifier */\n"
"        __u32         log_size;   /* size of user buffer */\n"
"        __aligned_u64 log_buf;    /* user supplied \\[aq]char *\\[aq]\n"
"                                     buffer */\n"
"        __u32         kern_version;\n"
"                                  /* checked when prog_type=kprobe\n"
"                                     (since Linux 4.1) */\n"
"    };\n"
"} __attribute__((aligned(8)));\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "eBPF maps"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Maps are a generic data structure for storage of different types of data.  "
"They allow sharing of data between eBPF kernel programs, and also between "
"kernel and user-space applications."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Each map type has the following attributes:"
msgstr ""

#. type: IP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "\\[bu]"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "type"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "maximum number of elements"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "key size in bytes"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "value size in bytes"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The following wrapper functions demonstrate how various B<bpf>()  commands "
"can be used to access the maps.  The functions use the I<cmd> argument to "
"invoke different operations."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The B<BPF_MAP_CREATE> command creates a new map, returning a new file "
"descriptor that refers to the map."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"int\n"
"bpf_create_map(enum bpf_map_type map_type,\n"
"               unsigned int key_size,\n"
"               unsigned int value_size,\n"
"               unsigned int max_entries)\n"
"{\n"
"    union bpf_attr attr = {\n"
"        .map_type    = map_type,\n"
"        .key_size    = key_size,\n"
"        .value_size  = value_size,\n"
"        .max_entries = max_entries\n"
"    };\n"
"\\&\n"
"    return bpf(BPF_MAP_CREATE, &attr, sizeof(attr));\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The new map has the type specified by I<map_type>, and attributes as "
"specified in I<key_size>, I<value_size>, and I<max_entries>.  On success, "
"this operation returns a file descriptor.  On error, -1 is returned and "
"I<errno> is set to B<EINVAL>, B<EPERM>, or B<ENOMEM>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The I<key_size> and I<value_size> attributes will be used by the verifier "
"during program loading to check that the program is calling "
"B<bpf_map_*_elem>()  helper functions with a correctly initialized I<key> "
"and to check that the program doesn't access the map element I<value> beyond "
"the specified I<value_size>.  For example, when a map is created with a "
"I<key_size> of 8 and the eBPF program calls"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "bpf_map_lookup_elem(map_fd, fp - 4)\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "the program will be rejected, since the in-kernel helper function"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "bpf_map_lookup_elem(map_fd, void *key)\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"expects to read 8 bytes from the location pointed to by I<key>, but the "
"I<fp\\ -\\ 4> (where I<fp> is the top of the stack)  starting address will "
"cause out-of-bounds stack access."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Similarly, when a map is created with a I<value_size> of 1 and the eBPF "
"program contains"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"value = bpf_map_lookup_elem(...);\n"
"*(u32 *) value = 1;\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"the program will be rejected, since it accesses the I<value> pointer beyond "
"the specified 1 byte I<value_size> limit."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Currently, the following values are supported for I<map_type>:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"enum bpf_map_type {\n"
"    BPF_MAP_TYPE_UNSPEC,  /* Reserve 0 as invalid map type */\n"
"    BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH,\n"
"    BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY,\n"
"    BPF_MAP_TYPE_PROG_ARRAY,\n"
"    BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERF_EVENT_ARRAY,\n"
"    BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERCPU_HASH,\n"
"    BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERCPU_ARRAY,\n"
"    BPF_MAP_TYPE_STACK_TRACE,\n"
"    BPF_MAP_TYPE_CGROUP_ARRAY,\n"
"    BPF_MAP_TYPE_LRU_HASH,\n"
"    BPF_MAP_TYPE_LRU_PERCPU_HASH,\n"
"    BPF_MAP_TYPE_LPM_TRIE,\n"
"    BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY_OF_MAPS,\n"
"    BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH_OF_MAPS,\n"
"    BPF_MAP_TYPE_DEVMAP,\n"
"    BPF_MAP_TYPE_SOCKMAP,\n"
"    BPF_MAP_TYPE_CPUMAP,\n"
"    BPF_MAP_TYPE_XSKMAP,\n"
"    BPF_MAP_TYPE_SOCKHASH,\n"
"    BPF_MAP_TYPE_CGROUP_STORAGE,\n"
"    BPF_MAP_TYPE_REUSEPORT_SOCKARRAY,\n"
"    BPF_MAP_TYPE_PERCPU_CGROUP_STORAGE,\n"
"    BPF_MAP_TYPE_QUEUE,\n"
"    BPF_MAP_TYPE_STACK,\n"
"    /* See /usr/include/linux/bpf.h for the full list. */\n"
"};\n"
msgstr ""

#.  FIXME We need an explanation of why one might choose each of
#.  these map implementations
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"I<map_type> selects one of the available map implementations in the kernel.  "
"For all map types, eBPF programs access maps with the same "
"B<bpf_map_lookup_elem>()  and B<bpf_map_update_elem>()  helper functions.  "
"Further details of the various map types are given below."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The B<BPF_MAP_LOOKUP_ELEM> command looks up an element with a given I<key> "
"in the map referred to by the file descriptor I<fd>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"int\n"
"bpf_lookup_elem(int fd, const void *key, void *value)\n"
"{\n"
"    union bpf_attr attr = {\n"
"        .map_fd = fd,\n"
"        .key    = ptr_to_u64(key),\n"
"        .value  = ptr_to_u64(value),\n"
"    };\n"
"\\&\n"
"    return bpf(BPF_MAP_LOOKUP_ELEM, &attr, sizeof(attr));\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"If an element is found, the operation returns zero and stores the element's "
"value into I<value>, which must point to a buffer of I<value_size> bytes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"If no element is found, the operation returns -1 and sets I<errno> to "
"B<ENOENT>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The B<BPF_MAP_UPDATE_ELEM> command creates or updates an element with a "
"given I<key/value> in the map referred to by the file descriptor I<fd>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"int\n"
"bpf_update_elem(int fd, const void *key, const void *value,\n"
"                uint64_t flags)\n"
"{\n"
"    union bpf_attr attr = {\n"
"        .map_fd = fd,\n"
"        .key    = ptr_to_u64(key),\n"
"        .value  = ptr_to_u64(value),\n"
"        .flags  = flags,\n"
"    };\n"
"\\&\n"
"    return bpf(BPF_MAP_UPDATE_ELEM, &attr, sizeof(attr));\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "The I<flags> argument should be specified as one of the following:"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<BPF_ANY>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Create a new element or update an existing element."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<BPF_NOEXIST>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Create a new element only if it did not exist."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<BPF_EXIST>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Update an existing element."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"On success, the operation returns zero.  On error, -1 is returned and "
"I<errno> is set to B<EINVAL>, B<EPERM>, B<ENOMEM>, or B<E2BIG>.  B<E2BIG> "
"indicates that the number of elements in the map reached the I<max_entries> "
"limit specified at map creation time.  B<EEXIST> will be returned if "
"I<flags> specifies B<BPF_NOEXIST> and the element with I<key> already exists "
"in the map.  B<ENOENT> will be returned if I<flags> specifies B<BPF_EXIST> "
"and the element with I<key> doesn't exist in the map."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The B<BPF_MAP_DELETE_ELEM> command deletes the element whose key is I<key> "
"from the map referred to by the file descriptor I<fd>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"int\n"
"bpf_delete_elem(int fd, const void *key)\n"
"{\n"
"    union bpf_attr attr = {\n"
"        .map_fd = fd,\n"
"        .key    = ptr_to_u64(key),\n"
"    };\n"
"\\&\n"
"    return bpf(BPF_MAP_DELETE_ELEM, &attr, sizeof(attr));\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"On success, zero is returned.  If the element is not found, -1 is returned "
"and I<errno> is set to B<ENOENT>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The B<BPF_MAP_GET_NEXT_KEY> command looks up an element by I<key> in the map "
"referred to by the file descriptor I<fd> and sets the I<next_key> pointer to "
"the key of the next element."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"int\n"
"bpf_get_next_key(int fd, const void *key, void *next_key)\n"
"{\n"
"    union bpf_attr attr = {\n"
"        .map_fd   = fd,\n"
"        .key      = ptr_to_u64(key),\n"
"        .next_key = ptr_to_u64(next_key),\n"
"    };\n"
"\\&\n"
"    return bpf(BPF_MAP_GET_NEXT_KEY, &attr, sizeof(attr));\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"If I<key> is found, the operation returns zero and sets the I<next_key> "
"pointer to the key of the next element.  If I<key> is not found, the "
"operation returns zero and sets the I<next_key> pointer to the key of the "
"first element.  If I<key> is the last element, -1 is returned and I<errno> "
"is set to B<ENOENT>.  Other possible I<errno> values are B<ENOMEM>, "
"B<EFAULT>, B<EPERM>, and B<EINVAL>.  This method can be used to iterate over "
"all elements in the map."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<close(map_fd)>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Delete the map referred to by the file descriptor I<map_fd>.  When the user-"
"space program that created a map exits, all maps will be deleted "
"automatically (but see NOTES)."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "eBPF map types"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "The following map types are supported:"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<BPF_MAP_TYPE_HASH>"
msgstr ""

#.  commit 0f8e4bd8a1fc8c4185f1630061d0a1f2d197a475
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Hash-table maps have the following characteristics:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Maps are created and destroyed by user-space programs.  Both user-space and "
"eBPF programs can perform lookup, update, and delete operations."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "The kernel takes care of allocating and freeing key/value pairs."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The B<map_update_elem>()  helper will fail to insert new element when the "
"I<max_entries> limit is reached.  (This ensures that eBPF programs cannot "
"exhaust memory.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "B<map_update_elem>()  replaces existing elements atomically."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Hash-table maps are optimized for speed of lookup."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY>"
msgstr ""

#.  commit 28fbcfa08d8ed7c5a50d41a0433aad222835e8e3
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Array maps have the following characteristics:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Optimized for fastest possible lookup.  In the future the verifier/JIT "
"compiler may recognize lookup() operations that employ a constant key and "
"optimize it into constant pointer.  It is possible to optimize a non-"
"constant key into direct pointer arithmetic as well, since pointers and "
"I<value_size> are constant for the life of the eBPF program.  In other "
"words, B<array_map_lookup_elem>()  may be 'inlined' by the verifier/JIT "
"compiler while preserving concurrent access to this map from user space."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "All array elements pre-allocated and zero initialized at init time"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "The key is an array index, and must be exactly four bytes."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"B<map_delete_elem>()  fails with the error B<EINVAL>, since elements cannot "
"be deleted."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"B<map_update_elem>()  replaces elements in a B<nonatomic> fashion; for "
"atomic updates, a hash-table map should be used instead.  There is however "
"one special case that can also be used with arrays: the atomic built-in "
"B<__sync_fetch_and_add()> can be used on 32 and 64 bit atomic counters.  For "
"example, it can be applied on the whole value itself if it represents a "
"single counter, or in case of a structure containing multiple counters, it "
"could be used on individual counters.  This is quite often useful for "
"aggregation and accounting of events."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Among the uses for array maps are the following:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"As \"global\" eBPF variables: an array of 1 element whose key is (index) 0 "
"and where the value is a collection of 'global' variables which eBPF "
"programs can use to keep state between events."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Aggregation of tracing events into a fixed set of buckets."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Accounting of networking events, for example, number of packets and packet "
"sizes."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<BPF_MAP_TYPE_PROG_ARRAY> (since Linux 4.2)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"A program array map is a special kind of array map whose map values contain "
"only file descriptors referring to other eBPF programs.  Thus, both the "
"I<key_size> and I<value_size> must be exactly four bytes.  This map is used "
"in conjunction with the B<bpf_tail_call>()  helper."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"This means that an eBPF program with a program array map attached to it can "
"call from kernel side into"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"void bpf_tail_call(void *context, void *prog_map,\n"
"                   unsigned int index);\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"and therefore replace its own program flow with the one from the program at "
"the given program array slot, if present.  This can be regarded as kind of a "
"jump table to a different eBPF program.  The invoked program will then reuse "
"the same stack.  When a jump into the new program has been performed, it "
"won't return to the old program anymore."
msgstr ""

#.  MAX_TAIL_CALL_CNT
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"If no eBPF program is found at the given index of the program array (because "
"the map slot doesn't contain a valid program file descriptor, the specified "
"lookup index/key is out of bounds, or the limit of 32 nested calls has been "
"exceed), execution continues with the current eBPF program.  This can be "
"used as a fall-through for default cases."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"A program array map is useful, for example, in tracing or networking, to "
"handle individual system calls or protocols in their own subprograms and use "
"their identifiers as an individual map index.  This approach may result in "
"performance benefits, and also makes it possible to overcome the maximum "
"instruction limit of a single eBPF program.  In dynamic environments, a user-"
"space daemon might atomically replace individual subprograms at run-time "
"with newer versions to alter overall program behavior, for instance, if "
"global policies change."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "eBPF programs"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The B<BPF_PROG_LOAD> command is used to load an eBPF program into the "
"kernel.  The return value for this command is a new file descriptor "
"associated with this eBPF program."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"char bpf_log_buf[LOG_BUF_SIZE];\n"
"\\&\n"
"int\n"
"bpf_prog_load(enum bpf_prog_type type,\n"
"              const struct bpf_insn *insns, int insn_cnt,\n"
"              const char *license)\n"
"{\n"
"    union bpf_attr attr = {\n"
"        .prog_type = type,\n"
"        .insns     = ptr_to_u64(insns),\n"
"        .insn_cnt  = insn_cnt,\n"
"        .license   = ptr_to_u64(license),\n"
"        .log_buf   = ptr_to_u64(bpf_log_buf),\n"
"        .log_size  = LOG_BUF_SIZE,\n"
"        .log_level = 1,\n"
"    };\n"
"\\&\n"
"    return bpf(BPF_PROG_LOAD, &attr, sizeof(attr));\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "I<prog_type> is one of the available program types:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"enum bpf_prog_type {\n"
"    BPF_PROG_TYPE_UNSPEC,        /* Reserve 0 as invalid\n"
"                                    program type */\n"
"    BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCKET_FILTER,\n"
"    BPF_PROG_TYPE_KPROBE,\n"
"    BPF_PROG_TYPE_SCHED_CLS,\n"
"    BPF_PROG_TYPE_SCHED_ACT,\n"
"    BPF_PROG_TYPE_TRACEPOINT,\n"
"    BPF_PROG_TYPE_XDP,\n"
"    BPF_PROG_TYPE_PERF_EVENT,\n"
"    BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SKB,\n"
"    BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK,\n"
"    BPF_PROG_TYPE_LWT_IN,\n"
"    BPF_PROG_TYPE_LWT_OUT,\n"
"    BPF_PROG_TYPE_LWT_XMIT,\n"
"    BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCK_OPS,\n"
"    BPF_PROG_TYPE_SK_SKB,\n"
"    BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_DEVICE,\n"
"    BPF_PROG_TYPE_SK_MSG,\n"
"    BPF_PROG_TYPE_RAW_TRACEPOINT,\n"
"    BPF_PROG_TYPE_CGROUP_SOCK_ADDR,\n"
"    BPF_PROG_TYPE_LWT_SEG6LOCAL,\n"
"    BPF_PROG_TYPE_LIRC_MODE2,\n"
"    BPF_PROG_TYPE_SK_REUSEPORT,\n"
"    BPF_PROG_TYPE_FLOW_DISSECTOR,\n"
"    /* See /usr/include/linux/bpf.h for the full list. */\n"
"};\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "For further details of eBPF program types, see below."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "The remaining fields of I<bpf_attr> are set as follows:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "I<insns> is an array of I<struct bpf_insn> instructions."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"I<insn_cnt> is the number of instructions in the program referred to by "
"I<insns>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"I<license> is a license string, which must be GPL compatible to call helper "
"functions marked I<gpl_only>.  (The licensing rules are the same as for "
"kernel modules, so that also dual licenses, such as \"Dual BSD/GPL\", may be "
"used.)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"I<log_buf> is a pointer to a caller-allocated buffer in which the in-kernel "
"verifier can store the verification log.  This log is a multi-line string "
"that can be checked by the program author in order to understand how the "
"verifier came to the conclusion that the eBPF program is unsafe.  The format "
"of the output can change at any time as the verifier evolves."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"I<log_size> size of the buffer pointed to by I<log_buf>.  If the size of the "
"buffer is not large enough to store all verifier messages, -1 is returned "
"and I<errno> is set to B<ENOSPC>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
msgid ""
"I<log_level> verbosity level of the verifier.  A value of zero means that "
"the verifier will not provide a log; in this case, I<log_buf> must be a null "
"pointer, and I<log_size> must be zero."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Applying B<close>(2)  to the file descriptor returned by B<BPF_PROG_LOAD> "
"will unload the eBPF program (but see NOTES)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Maps are accessible from eBPF programs and are used to exchange data between "
"eBPF programs and between eBPF programs and user-space programs.  For "
"example, eBPF programs can process various events (like kprobe, packets) and "
"store their data into a map, and user-space programs can then fetch data "
"from the map.  Conversely, user-space programs can use a map as a "
"configuration mechanism, populating the map with values checked by the eBPF "
"program, which then modifies its behavior on the fly according to those "
"values."
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "eBPF program types"
msgstr ""

#
#.  FIXME
#.  Somewhere in this page we need a general introduction to the
#.  bpf_context. For example, how does a BPF program access the
#.  context?
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The eBPF program type (I<prog_type>)  determines the subset of kernel helper "
"functions that the program may call.  The program type also determines the "
"program input (context)\\[em]the format of I<struct bpf_context> (which is "
"the data blob passed into the eBPF program as the first argument)."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"For example, a tracing program does not have the exact same subset of helper "
"functions as a socket filter program (though they may have some helpers in "
"common).  Similarly, the input (context) for a tracing program is a set of "
"register values, while for a socket filter it is a network packet."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The set of functions available to eBPF programs of a given type may increase "
"in the future."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "The following program types are supported:"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCKET_FILTER> (since Linux 3.19)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Currently, the set of functions for B<BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCKET_FILTER> is:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"bpf_map_lookup_elem(map_fd, void *key)\n"
"                    /* look up key in a map_fd */\n"
"bpf_map_update_elem(map_fd, void *key, void *value)\n"
"                    /* update key/value */\n"
"bpf_map_delete_elem(map_fd, void *key)\n"
"                    /* delete key in a map_fd */\n"
msgstr ""

#
#.  FIXME: We need some text here to explain how the program
#.  accesses __sk_buff.
#.  See 'struct __sk_buff' and commit 9bac3d6d548e5
#.  Alexei commented:
#.  Actually now in case of SOCKET_FILTER, SCHED_CLS, SCHED_ACT
#.  the program can now access skb fields.
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "The I<bpf_context> argument is a pointer to a I<struct __sk_buff>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<BPF_PROG_TYPE_KPROBE> (since Linux 4.1)"
msgstr ""

#.  commit 94caee8c312d96522bcdae88791aaa9ebcd5f22c
#.  commit a8cb5f556b567974d75ea29c15181c445c541b1f
#.  FIXME Document this program type
#. 	  Describe allowed helper functions for this program type
#. 	  Describe bpf_context for this program type
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "[To be documented]"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<BPF_PROG_TYPE_SCHED_CLS> (since Linux 4.1)"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<BPF_PROG_TYPE_SCHED_ACT> (since Linux 4.1)"
msgstr ""

#. type: SS
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Events"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Once a program is loaded, it can be attached to an event.  Various kernel "
"subsystems have different ways to do so."
msgstr ""

#.  commit 89aa075832b0da4402acebd698d0411dcc82d03e
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Since Linux 3.19, the following call will attach the program I<prog_fd> to "
"the socket I<sockfd>, which was created by an earlier call to B<socket>(2):"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"setsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ATTACH_BPF,\n"
"           &prog_fd, sizeof(prog_fd));\n"
msgstr ""

#.  commit 2541517c32be2531e0da59dfd7efc1ce844644f5
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Since Linux 4.1, the following call may be used to attach the eBPF program "
"referred to by the file descriptor I<prog_fd> to a perf event file "
"descriptor, I<event_fd>, that was created by a previous call to "
"B<perf_event_open>(2):"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "ioctl(event_fd, PERF_EVENT_IOC_SET_BPF, prog_fd);\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "RETURN VALUE"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "For a successful call, the return value depends on the operation:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "The new file descriptor associated with the eBPF map."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "The new file descriptor associated with the eBPF program."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "All other commands"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Zero."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "On error, -1 is returned, and I<errno> is set to indicate the error."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "ERRORS"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<E2BIG>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The eBPF program is too large or a map reached the I<max_entries> limit "
"(maximum number of elements)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EACCES>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"For B<BPF_PROG_LOAD>, even though all program instructions are valid, the "
"program has been rejected because it was deemed unsafe.  This may be because "
"it may have accessed a disallowed memory region or an uninitialized stack/"
"register or because the function constraints don't match the actual types or "
"because there was a misaligned memory access.  In this case, it is "
"recommended to call B<bpf>()  again with I<log_level = 1> and examine "
"I<log_buf> for the specific reason provided by the verifier."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EAGAIN>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"For B<BPF_PROG_LOAD>, indicates that needed resources are blocked.  This "
"happens when the verifier detects pending signals while it is checking the "
"validity of the bpf program.  In this case, just call B<bpf>()  again with "
"the same parameters."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EBADF>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "I<fd> is not an open file descriptor."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EFAULT>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"One of the pointers (I<key> or I<value> or I<log_buf> or I<insns>)  is "
"outside the accessible address space."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EINVAL>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "The value specified in I<cmd> is not recognized by this kernel."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "For B<BPF_MAP_CREATE>, either I<map_type> or attributes are invalid."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"For B<BPF_MAP_*_ELEM> commands, some of the fields of I<union bpf_attr> that "
"are not used by this command are not set to zero."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"For B<BPF_PROG_LOAD>, indicates an attempt to load an invalid program.  eBPF "
"programs can be deemed invalid due to unrecognized instructions, the use of "
"reserved fields, jumps out of range, infinite loops or calls of unknown "
"functions."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<ENOENT>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"For B<BPF_MAP_LOOKUP_ELEM> or B<BPF_MAP_DELETE_ELEM>, indicates that the "
"element with the given I<key> was not found."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<ENOMEM>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Cannot allocate sufficient memory."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<EPERM>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The call was made without sufficient privilege (without the B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> "
"capability)."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "STANDARDS"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Linux."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "HISTORY"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Linux 3.18."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "NOTES"
msgstr ""

#.  commit 1be7f75d1668d6296b80bf35dcf6762393530afc
#.  [Linux 5.6] mtk: The list of available functions is, I think, governed
#.  by the check in net/core/filter.c::bpf_base_func_proto().
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Prior to Linux 4.4, all B<bpf>()  commands require the caller to have the "
"B<CAP_SYS_ADMIN> capability.  From Linux 4.4 onwards, an unprivileged user "
"may create limited programs of type B<BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCKET_FILTER> and "
"associated maps.  However they may not store kernel pointers within the maps "
"and are presently limited to the following helper functions:"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "get_random"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "get_smp_processor_id"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "tail_call"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "ktime_get_ns"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Unprivileged access may be blocked by writing the value 1 to the file I</"
"proc/sys/kernel/unprivileged_bpf_disabled>."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"eBPF objects (maps and programs) can be shared between processes.  For "
"example, after B<fork>(2), the child inherits file descriptors referring to "
"the same eBPF objects.  In addition, file descriptors referring to eBPF "
"objects can be transferred over UNIX domain sockets.  File descriptors "
"referring to eBPF objects can be duplicated in the usual way, using "
"B<dup>(2)  and similar calls.  An eBPF object is deallocated only after all "
"file descriptors referring to the object have been closed."
msgstr ""

#.  There are also examples for the tc classifier, in the iproute2
#.  project, in examples/bpf
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"eBPF programs can be written in a restricted C that is compiled (using the "
"B<clang> compiler) into eBPF bytecode.  Various features are omitted from "
"this restricted C, such as loops, global variables, variadic functions, "
"floating-point numbers, and passing structures as function arguments.  Some "
"examples can be found in the I<samples/bpf/*_kern.c> files in the kernel "
"source tree."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The kernel contains a just-in-time (JIT) compiler that translates eBPF "
"bytecode into native machine code for better performance.  Before Linux "
"4.15, the JIT compiler is disabled by default, but its operation can be "
"controlled by writing one of the following integer strings to the file I</"
"proc/sys/net/core/bpf_jit_enable>:"
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<0>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Disable JIT compilation (default)."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<1>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "Normal compilation."
msgstr ""

#. type: TP
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "B<2>"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Debugging mode.  The generated opcodes are dumped in hexadecimal into the "
"kernel log.  These opcodes can then be disassembled using the program "
"I<tools/net/bpf_jit_disasm.c> provided in the kernel source tree."
msgstr ""

#.  commit 290af86629b25ffd1ed6232c4e9107da031705cb
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Since Linux 4.15, the kernel may configured with the "
"B<CONFIG_BPF_JIT_ALWAYS_ON> option.  In this case, the JIT compiler is "
"always enabled, and the I<bpf_jit_enable> is initialized to 1 and is "
"immutable.  (This kernel configuration option was provided as a mitigation "
"for one of the Spectre attacks against the BPF interpreter.)"
msgstr ""

#.  Last reviewed in Linux 4.18-rc by grepping for BPF_ALU64 in arch/
#.  and by checking the documentation for bpf_jit_enable in
#.  Documentation/sysctl/net.txt
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"The JIT compiler for eBPF is currently available for the following "
"architectures:"
msgstr ""

#.  commit 0a14842f5a3c0e88a1e59fac5c3025db39721f74
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "x86-64 (since Linux 3.18; cBPF since Linux 3.0);"
msgstr ""

#.  commit ddecdfcea0ae891f782ae853771c867ab51024c2
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "ARM32 (since Linux 3.18; cBPF since Linux 3.4);"
msgstr ""

#.  commit 2809a2087cc44b55e4377d7b9be3f7f5d2569091
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "SPARC 32 (since Linux 3.18; cBPF since Linux 3.5);"
msgstr ""

#.  commit e54bcde3d69d40023ae77727213d14f920eb264a
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "ARM-64 (since Linux 3.18);"
msgstr ""

#.  commit c10302efe569bfd646b4c22df29577a4595b4580
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "s390 (since Linux 4.1; cBPF since Linux 3.7);"
msgstr ""

#.  commit 0ca87f05ba8bdc6791c14878464efc901ad71e99
#.  commit 156d0e290e969caba25f1851c52417c14d141b24
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "PowerPC 64 (since Linux 4.8; cBPF since Linux 3.1);"
msgstr ""

#.  commit 7a12b5031c6b947cc13918237ae652b536243b76
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "SPARC 64 (since Linux 4.12);"
msgstr ""

#.  commit 03f5781be2c7b7e728d724ac70ba10799cc710d7
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "x86-32 (since Linux 4.18);"
msgstr ""

#.  commit c6610de353da5ca6eee5b8960e838a87a90ead0c
#.  commit f381bf6d82f032b7410185b35d000ea370ac706b
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "MIPS 64 (since Linux 4.18; cBPF since Linux 3.16);"
msgstr ""

#.  commit 2353ecc6f91fd15b893fa01bf85a1c7a823ee4f2
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "riscv (since Linux 5.1)."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "EXAMPLES"
msgstr ""

#.                                 == atomic64_add
#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide mageia-cauldron
#: opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"/* bpf+sockets example:\n"
" * 1. create array map of 256 elements\n"
" * 2. load program that counts number of packets received\n"
" *    r0 = skb-E<gt>data[ETH_HLEN + offsetof(struct iphdr, protocol)]\n"
" *    map[r0]++\n"
" * 3. attach prog_fd to raw socket via setsockopt()\n"
" * 4. print number of received TCP/UDP packets every second\n"
" */\n"
"int\n"
"main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
"{\n"
"    int sock, map_fd, prog_fd, key;\n"
"    long long value = 0, tcp_cnt, udp_cnt;\n"
"\\&\n"
"    map_fd = bpf_create_map(BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY, sizeof(key),\n"
"                            sizeof(value), 256);\n"
"    if (map_fd E<lt> 0) {\n"
"        printf(\"failed to create map \\[aq]%s\\[aq]\\en\", strerror(errno));\n"
"        /* likely not run as root */\n"
"        return 1;\n"
"    }\n"
"\\&\n"
"    struct bpf_insn prog[] = {\n"
"        BPF_MOV64_REG(BPF_REG_6, BPF_REG_1),        /* r6 = r1 */\n"
"        BPF_LD_ABS(BPF_B, ETH_HLEN + offsetof(struct iphdr, protocol)),\n"
"                                /* r0 = ip-E<gt>proto */\n"
"        BPF_STX_MEM(BPF_W, BPF_REG_10, BPF_REG_0, -4),\n"
"                                /* *(u32 *)(fp - 4) = r0 */\n"
"        BPF_MOV64_REG(BPF_REG_2, BPF_REG_10),       /* r2 = fp */\n"
"        BPF_ALU64_IMM(BPF_ADD, BPF_REG_2, -4),      /* r2 = r2 - 4 */\n"
"        BPF_LD_MAP_FD(BPF_REG_1, map_fd),           /* r1 = map_fd */\n"
"        BPF_CALL_FUNC(BPF_FUNC_map_lookup_elem),\n"
"                                /* r0 = map_lookup(r1, r2) */\n"
"        BPF_JMP_IMM(BPF_JEQ, BPF_REG_0, 0, 2),\n"
"                                /* if (r0 == 0) goto pc+2 */\n"
"        BPF_MOV64_IMM(BPF_REG_1, 1),                /* r1 = 1 */\n"
"        BPF_XADD(BPF_DW, BPF_REG_0, BPF_REG_1, 0, 0),\n"
"                                /* lock *(u64 *) r0 += r1 */\n"
"        BPF_MOV64_IMM(BPF_REG_0, 0),                /* r0 = 0 */\n"
"        BPF_EXIT_INSN(),                            /* return r0 */\n"
"    };\n"
"\\&\n"
"    prog_fd = bpf_prog_load(BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCKET_FILTER, prog,\n"
"                            sizeof(prog) / sizeof(prog[0]), \"GPL\");\n"
"\\&\n"
"    sock = open_raw_sock(\"lo\");\n"
"\\&\n"
"    assert(setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ATTACH_BPF, &prog_fd,\n"
"                      sizeof(prog_fd)) == 0);\n"
"\\&\n"
"    for (;;) {\n"
"        key = IPPROTO_TCP;\n"
"        assert(bpf_lookup_elem(map_fd, &key, &tcp_cnt) == 0);\n"
"        key = IPPROTO_UDP;\n"
"        assert(bpf_lookup_elem(map_fd, &key, &udp_cnt) == 0);\n"
"        printf(\"TCP %lld UDP %lld packets\\en\", tcp_cnt, udp_cnt);\n"
"        sleep(1);\n"
"    }\n"
"\\&\n"
"    return 0;\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Some complete working code can be found in the I<samples/bpf> directory in "
"the kernel source tree."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "SEE ALSO"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid "B<seccomp>(2), B<bpf-helpers>(7), B<socket>(7), B<tc>(8), B<tc-bpf>(8)"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: archlinux debian-bookworm debian-unstable fedora-40 fedora-rawhide
#: mageia-cauldron opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"Both classic and extended BPF are explained in the kernel source file "
"I<Documentation/networking/filter.txt>."
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: debian-bookworm
#, no-wrap
msgid "2023-02-05"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: debian-bookworm
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.03"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"union bpf_attr {\n"
"    struct {    /* Used by BPF_MAP_CREATE */\n"
"        __u32         map_type;\n"
"        __u32         key_size;    /* size of key in bytes */\n"
"        __u32         value_size;  /* size of value in bytes */\n"
"        __u32         max_entries; /* maximum number of entries\n"
"                                      in a map */\n"
"    };\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    struct {    /* Used by BPF_MAP_*_ELEM and BPF_MAP_GET_NEXT_KEY\n"
"                   commands */\n"
"        __u32         map_fd;\n"
"        __aligned_u64 key;\n"
"        union {\n"
"            __aligned_u64 value;\n"
"            __aligned_u64 next_key;\n"
"        };\n"
"        __u64         flags;\n"
"    };\n"
msgstr ""

#.                  commit 2541517c32be2531e0da59dfd7efc1ce844644f5
#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    struct {    /* Used by BPF_PROG_LOAD */\n"
"        __u32         prog_type;\n"
"        __u32         insn_cnt;\n"
"        __aligned_u64 insns;      /* \\[aq]const struct bpf_insn *\\[aq] */\n"
"        __aligned_u64 license;    /* \\[aq]const char *\\[aq] */\n"
"        __u32         log_level;  /* verbosity level of verifier */\n"
"        __u32         log_size;   /* size of user buffer */\n"
"        __aligned_u64 log_buf;    /* user supplied \\[aq]char *\\[aq]\n"
"                                     buffer */\n"
"        __u32         kern_version;\n"
"                                  /* checked when prog_type=kprobe\n"
"                                     (since Linux 4.1) */\n"
"    };\n"
"} __attribute__((aligned(8)));\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"int\n"
"bpf_create_map(enum bpf_map_type map_type,\n"
"               unsigned int key_size,\n"
"               unsigned int value_size,\n"
"               unsigned int max_entries)\n"
"{\n"
"    union bpf_attr attr = {\n"
"        .map_type    = map_type,\n"
"        .key_size    = key_size,\n"
"        .value_size  = value_size,\n"
"        .max_entries = max_entries\n"
"    };\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    return bpf(BPF_MAP_CREATE, &attr, sizeof(attr));\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"int\n"
"bpf_lookup_elem(int fd, const void *key, void *value)\n"
"{\n"
"    union bpf_attr attr = {\n"
"        .map_fd = fd,\n"
"        .key    = ptr_to_u64(key),\n"
"        .value  = ptr_to_u64(value),\n"
"    };\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    return bpf(BPF_MAP_LOOKUP_ELEM, &attr, sizeof(attr));\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"int\n"
"bpf_update_elem(int fd, const void *key, const void *value,\n"
"                uint64_t flags)\n"
"{\n"
"    union bpf_attr attr = {\n"
"        .map_fd = fd,\n"
"        .key    = ptr_to_u64(key),\n"
"        .value  = ptr_to_u64(value),\n"
"        .flags  = flags,\n"
"    };\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    return bpf(BPF_MAP_UPDATE_ELEM, &attr, sizeof(attr));\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"int\n"
"bpf_delete_elem(int fd, const void *key)\n"
"{\n"
"    union bpf_attr attr = {\n"
"        .map_fd = fd,\n"
"        .key    = ptr_to_u64(key),\n"
"    };\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    return bpf(BPF_MAP_DELETE_ELEM, &attr, sizeof(attr));\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"int\n"
"bpf_get_next_key(int fd, const void *key, void *next_key)\n"
"{\n"
"    union bpf_attr attr = {\n"
"        .map_fd   = fd,\n"
"        .key      = ptr_to_u64(key),\n"
"        .next_key = ptr_to_u64(next_key),\n"
"    };\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    return bpf(BPF_MAP_GET_NEXT_KEY, &attr, sizeof(attr));\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid "char bpf_log_buf[LOG_BUF_SIZE];\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"int\n"
"bpf_prog_load(enum bpf_prog_type type,\n"
"              const struct bpf_insn *insns, int insn_cnt,\n"
"              const char *license)\n"
"{\n"
"    union bpf_attr attr = {\n"
"        .prog_type = type,\n"
"        .insns     = ptr_to_u64(insns),\n"
"        .insn_cnt  = insn_cnt,\n"
"        .license   = ptr_to_u64(license),\n"
"        .log_buf   = ptr_to_u64(bpf_log_buf),\n"
"        .log_size  = LOG_BUF_SIZE,\n"
"        .log_level = 1,\n"
"    };\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    return bpf(BPF_PROG_LOAD, &attr, sizeof(attr));\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm debian-unstable opensuse-leap-15-6 opensuse-tumbleweed
msgid ""
"I<log_level> verbosity level of the verifier.  A value of zero means that "
"the verifier will not provide a log; in this case, I<log_buf> must be a NULL "
"pointer, and I<log_size> must be zero."
msgstr ""

#. type: SH
#: debian-bookworm
#, no-wrap
msgid "VERSIONS"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm
msgid "The B<bpf>()  system call first appeared in Linux 3.18."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm
msgid "The B<bpf>()  system call is Linux-specific."
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"/* bpf+sockets example:\n"
" * 1. create array map of 256 elements\n"
" * 2. load program that counts number of packets received\n"
" *    r0 = skb-E<gt>data[ETH_HLEN + offsetof(struct iphdr, protocol)]\n"
" *    map[r0]++\n"
" * 3. attach prog_fd to raw socket via setsockopt()\n"
" * 4. print number of received TCP/UDP packets every second\n"
" */\n"
"int\n"
"main(int argc, char *argv[])\n"
"{\n"
"    int sock, map_fd, prog_fd, key;\n"
"    long long value = 0, tcp_cnt, udp_cnt;\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    map_fd = bpf_create_map(BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY, sizeof(key),\n"
"                            sizeof(value), 256);\n"
"    if (map_fd E<lt> 0) {\n"
"        printf(\"failed to create map \\[aq]%s\\[aq]\\en\", strerror(errno));\n"
"        /* likely not run as root */\n"
"        return 1;\n"
"    }\n"
msgstr ""

#.                                 == atomic64_add
#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    struct bpf_insn prog[] = {\n"
"        BPF_MOV64_REG(BPF_REG_6, BPF_REG_1),        /* r6 = r1 */\n"
"        BPF_LD_ABS(BPF_B, ETH_HLEN + offsetof(struct iphdr, protocol)),\n"
"                                /* r0 = ip-E<gt>proto */\n"
"        BPF_STX_MEM(BPF_W, BPF_REG_10, BPF_REG_0, -4),\n"
"                                /* *(u32 *)(fp - 4) = r0 */\n"
"        BPF_MOV64_REG(BPF_REG_2, BPF_REG_10),       /* r2 = fp */\n"
"        BPF_ALU64_IMM(BPF_ADD, BPF_REG_2, -4),      /* r2 = r2 - 4 */\n"
"        BPF_LD_MAP_FD(BPF_REG_1, map_fd),           /* r1 = map_fd */\n"
"        BPF_CALL_FUNC(BPF_FUNC_map_lookup_elem),\n"
"                                /* r0 = map_lookup(r1, r2) */\n"
"        BPF_JMP_IMM(BPF_JEQ, BPF_REG_0, 0, 2),\n"
"                                /* if (r0 == 0) goto pc+2 */\n"
"        BPF_MOV64_IMM(BPF_REG_1, 1),                /* r1 = 1 */\n"
"        BPF_XADD(BPF_DW, BPF_REG_0, BPF_REG_1, 0, 0),\n"
"                                /* lock *(u64 *) r0 += r1 */\n"
"        BPF_MOV64_IMM(BPF_REG_0, 0),                /* r0 = 0 */\n"
"        BPF_EXIT_INSN(),                            /* return r0 */\n"
"    };\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    prog_fd = bpf_prog_load(BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCKET_FILTER, prog,\n"
"                            sizeof(prog) / sizeof(prog[0]), \"GPL\");\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid "    sock = open_raw_sock(\"lo\");\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    assert(setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ATTACH_BPF, &prog_fd,\n"
"                      sizeof(prog_fd)) == 0);\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    for (;;) {\n"
"        key = IPPROTO_TCP;\n"
"        assert(bpf_lookup_elem(map_fd, &key, &tcp_cnt) == 0);\n"
"        key = IPPROTO_UDP;\n"
"        assert(bpf_lookup_elem(map_fd, &key, &udp_cnt) == 0);\n"
"        printf(\"TCP %lld UDP %lld packets\\en\", tcp_cnt, udp_cnt);\n"
"        sleep(1);\n"
"    }\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: Plain text
#: debian-bookworm opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid ""
"    return 0;\n"
"}\n"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: debian-unstable opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "2023-07-28"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: debian-unstable opensuse-tumbleweed
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.05.01"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid "2023-03-30"
msgstr ""

#. type: TH
#: opensuse-leap-15-6
#, no-wrap
msgid "Linux man-pages 6.04"
msgstr ""