1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
|
.\" -*- mode: troff; coding: utf-8 -*-
.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man 5.01 (Pod::Simple 3.43)
.\"
.\" Standard preamble:
.\" ========================================================================
.de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP)
.if t .sp .5v
.if n .sp
..
.de Vb \" Begin verbatim text
.ft CW
.nf
.ne \\$1
..
.de Ve \" End verbatim text
.ft R
.fi
..
.\" \*(C` and \*(C' are quotes in nroff, nothing in troff, for use with C<>.
.ie n \{\
. ds C` ""
. ds C' ""
'br\}
.el\{\
. ds C`
. ds C'
'br\}
.\"
.\" Escape single quotes in literal strings from groff's Unicode transform.
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.\"
.\" If the F register is >0, we'll generate index entries on stderr for
.\" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.SS), items (.Ip), and index
.\" entries marked with X<> in POD. Of course, you'll have to process the
.\" output yourself in some meaningful fashion.
.\"
.\" Avoid warning from groff about undefined register 'F'.
.de IX
..
.nr rF 0
.if \n(.g .if rF .nr rF 1
.if (\n(rF:(\n(.g==0)) \{\
. if \nF \{\
. de IX
. tm Index:\\$1\t\\n%\t"\\$2"
..
. if !\nF==2 \{\
. nr % 0
. nr F 2
. \}
. \}
.\}
.rr rF
.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "OPENSSL-RSAUTL 1SSL"
.TH OPENSSL-RSAUTL 1SSL 2024-04-04 3.2.2-dev OpenSSL
.\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
.if n .ad l
.nh
.SH NAME
openssl\-rsautl \- RSA command
.SH SYNOPSIS
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
\&\fBopenssl\fR \fBrsautl\fR
[\fB\-help\fR]
[\fB\-in\fR \fIfile\fR]
[\fB\-passin\fR \fIarg\fR]
[\fB\-rev\fR]
[\fB\-out\fR \fIfile\fR]
[\fB\-inkey\fR \fIfilename\fR|\fIuri\fR]
[\fB\-keyform\fR \fBDER\fR|\fBPEM\fR|\fBP12\fR|\fBENGINE\fR]
[\fB\-pubin\fR]
[\fB\-certin\fR]
[\fB\-sign\fR]
[\fB\-verify\fR]
[\fB\-encrypt\fR]
[\fB\-decrypt\fR]
[\fB\-pkcs\fR]
[\fB\-x931\fR]
[\fB\-oaep\fR]
[\fB\-raw\fR]
[\fB\-hexdump\fR]
[\fB\-asn1parse\fR]
[\fB\-engine\fR \fIid\fR]
[\fB\-rand\fR \fIfiles\fR]
[\fB\-writerand\fR \fIfile\fR]
[\fB\-provider\fR \fIname\fR]
[\fB\-provider\-path\fR \fIpath\fR]
[\fB\-propquery\fR \fIpropq\fR]
.SH DESCRIPTION
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
This command has been deprecated.
The \fBopenssl\-pkeyutl\fR\|(1) command should be used instead.
.PP
This command can be used to sign, verify, encrypt and decrypt
data using the RSA algorithm.
.SH OPTIONS
.IX Header "OPTIONS"
.IP \fB\-help\fR 4
.IX Item "-help"
Print out a usage message.
.IP "\fB\-in\fR \fIfilename\fR" 4
.IX Item "-in filename"
This specifies the input filename to read data from or standard input
if this option is not specified.
.IP "\fB\-passin\fR \fIarg\fR" 4
.IX Item "-passin arg"
The passphrase used in the output file.
See see \fBopenssl\-passphrase\-options\fR\|(1).
.IP \fB\-rev\fR 4
.IX Item "-rev"
Reverse the order of the input.
.IP "\fB\-out\fR \fIfilename\fR" 4
.IX Item "-out filename"
Specifies the output filename to write to or standard output by
default.
.IP "\fB\-inkey\fR \fIfilename\fR|\fIuri\fR" 4
.IX Item "-inkey filename|uri"
The input key, by default it should be an RSA private key.
.IP "\fB\-keyform\fR \fBDER\fR|\fBPEM\fR|\fBP12\fR|\fBENGINE\fR" 4
.IX Item "-keyform DER|PEM|P12|ENGINE"
The key format; unspecified by default.
See \fBopenssl\-format\-options\fR\|(1) for details.
.IP \fB\-pubin\fR 4
.IX Item "-pubin"
By default a private key is read from the key input.
With this option a public key is read instead.
If the input contains no public key but a private key, its public part is used.
.IP \fB\-certin\fR 4
.IX Item "-certin"
The input is a certificate containing an RSA public key.
.IP \fB\-sign\fR 4
.IX Item "-sign"
Sign the input data and output the signed result. This requires
an RSA private key.
.IP \fB\-verify\fR 4
.IX Item "-verify"
Verify the input data and output the recovered data.
.IP \fB\-encrypt\fR 4
.IX Item "-encrypt"
Encrypt the input data using an RSA public key.
.IP \fB\-decrypt\fR 4
.IX Item "-decrypt"
Decrypt the input data using an RSA private key.
.IP "\fB\-pkcs\fR, \fB\-oaep\fR, \fB\-x931\fR, \fB\-raw\fR" 4
.IX Item "-pkcs, -oaep, -x931, -raw"
The padding to use: PKCS#1 v1.5 (the default), PKCS#1 OAEP,
ANSI X9.31, or no padding, respectively.
For signatures, only \fB\-pkcs\fR and \fB\-raw\fR can be used.
.Sp
Note: because of protection against Bleichenbacher attacks, decryption
using PKCS#1 v1.5 mode will not return errors in case padding check failed.
Use \fB\-raw\fR and inspect the returned value manually to check if the
padding is correct.
.IP \fB\-hexdump\fR 4
.IX Item "-hexdump"
Hex dump the output data.
.IP \fB\-asn1parse\fR 4
.IX Item "-asn1parse"
Parse the ASN.1 output data, this is useful when combined with the
\&\fB\-verify\fR option.
.IP "\fB\-engine\fR \fIid\fR" 4
.IX Item "-engine id"
See "Engine Options" in \fBopenssl\fR\|(1).
This option is deprecated.
.IP "\fB\-rand\fR \fIfiles\fR, \fB\-writerand\fR \fIfile\fR" 4
.IX Item "-rand files, -writerand file"
See "Random State Options" in \fBopenssl\fR\|(1) for details.
.IP "\fB\-provider\fR \fIname\fR" 4
.IX Item "-provider name"
.PD 0
.IP "\fB\-provider\-path\fR \fIpath\fR" 4
.IX Item "-provider-path path"
.IP "\fB\-propquery\fR \fIpropq\fR" 4
.IX Item "-propquery propq"
.PD
See "Provider Options" in \fBopenssl\fR\|(1), \fBprovider\fR\|(7), and \fBproperty\fR\|(7).
.SH NOTES
.IX Header "NOTES"
Since this command uses the RSA algorithm directly, it can only be
used to sign or verify small pieces of data.
.SH EXAMPLES
.IX Header "EXAMPLES"
Examples equivalent to these can be found in the documentation for the
non-deprecated \fBopenssl\-pkeyutl\fR\|(1) command.
.PP
Sign some data using a private key:
.PP
.Vb 1
\& openssl rsautl \-sign \-in file \-inkey key.pem \-out sig
.Ve
.PP
Recover the signed data
.PP
.Vb 1
\& openssl rsautl \-verify \-in sig \-inkey key.pem
.Ve
.PP
Examine the raw signed data:
.PP
.Vb 1
\& openssl rsautl \-verify \-in sig \-inkey key.pem \-raw \-hexdump
\&
\& 0000 \- 00 01 ff ff ff ff ff ff\-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
\& 0010 \- ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff\-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
\& 0020 \- ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff\-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
\& 0030 \- ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff\-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
\& 0040 \- ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff\-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
\& 0050 \- ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff\-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
\& 0060 \- ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff\-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
\& 0070 \- ff ff ff ff 00 68 65 6c\-6c 6f 20 77 6f 72 6c 64 .....hello world
.Ve
.PP
The PKCS#1 block formatting is evident from this. If this was done using
encrypt and decrypt the block would have been of type 2 (the second byte)
and random padding data visible instead of the 0xff bytes.
.PP
It is possible to analyse the signature of certificates using this
command in conjunction with \fBopenssl\-asn1parse\fR\|(1). Consider the self signed
example in \fIcerts/pca\-cert.pem\fR. Running \fBopenssl\-asn1parse\fR\|(1) as follows
yields:
.PP
.Vb 1
\& openssl asn1parse \-in pca\-cert.pem
\&
\& 0:d=0 hl=4 l= 742 cons: SEQUENCE
\& 4:d=1 hl=4 l= 591 cons: SEQUENCE
\& 8:d=2 hl=2 l= 3 cons: cont [ 0 ]
\& 10:d=3 hl=2 l= 1 prim: INTEGER :02
\& 13:d=2 hl=2 l= 1 prim: INTEGER :00
\& 16:d=2 hl=2 l= 13 cons: SEQUENCE
\& 18:d=3 hl=2 l= 9 prim: OBJECT :md5WithRSAEncryption
\& 29:d=3 hl=2 l= 0 prim: NULL
\& 31:d=2 hl=2 l= 92 cons: SEQUENCE
\& 33:d=3 hl=2 l= 11 cons: SET
\& 35:d=4 hl=2 l= 9 cons: SEQUENCE
\& 37:d=5 hl=2 l= 3 prim: OBJECT :countryName
\& 42:d=5 hl=2 l= 2 prim: PRINTABLESTRING :AU
\& ....
\& 599:d=1 hl=2 l= 13 cons: SEQUENCE
\& 601:d=2 hl=2 l= 9 prim: OBJECT :md5WithRSAEncryption
\& 612:d=2 hl=2 l= 0 prim: NULL
\& 614:d=1 hl=3 l= 129 prim: BIT STRING
.Ve
.PP
The final BIT STRING contains the actual signature. It can be extracted with:
.PP
.Vb 1
\& openssl asn1parse \-in pca\-cert.pem \-out sig \-noout \-strparse 614
.Ve
.PP
The certificate public key can be extracted with:
.PP
.Vb 1
\& openssl x509 \-in test/testx509.pem \-pubkey \-noout >pubkey.pem
.Ve
.PP
The signature can be analysed with:
.PP
.Vb 1
\& openssl rsautl \-in sig \-verify \-asn1parse \-inkey pubkey.pem \-pubin
\&
\& 0:d=0 hl=2 l= 32 cons: SEQUENCE
\& 2:d=1 hl=2 l= 12 cons: SEQUENCE
\& 4:d=2 hl=2 l= 8 prim: OBJECT :md5
\& 14:d=2 hl=2 l= 0 prim: NULL
\& 16:d=1 hl=2 l= 16 prim: OCTET STRING
\& 0000 \- f3 46 9e aa 1a 4a 73 c9\-37 ea 93 00 48 25 08 b5 .F...Js.7...H%..
.Ve
.PP
This is the parsed version of an ASN1 DigestInfo structure. It can be seen that
the digest used was md5. The actual part of the certificate that was signed can
be extracted with:
.PP
.Vb 1
\& openssl asn1parse \-in pca\-cert.pem \-out tbs \-noout \-strparse 4
.Ve
.PP
and its digest computed with:
.PP
.Vb 2
\& openssl md5 \-c tbs
\& MD5(tbs)= f3:46:9e:aa:1a:4a:73:c9:37:ea:93:00:48:25:08:b5
.Ve
.PP
which it can be seen agrees with the recovered value above.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
\&\fBopenssl\fR\|(1),
\&\fBopenssl\-pkeyutl\fR\|(1),
\&\fBopenssl\-dgst\fR\|(1),
\&\fBopenssl\-rsa\fR\|(1),
\&\fBopenssl\-genrsa\fR\|(1)
.SH HISTORY
.IX Header "HISTORY"
This command was deprecated in OpenSSL 3.0.
.PP
The \fB\-engine\fR option was deprecated in OpenSSL 3.0.
.SH COPYRIGHT
.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
Copyright 2000\-2023 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
.PP
Licensed under the Apache License 2.0 (the "License"). You may not use
this file except in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy
in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at
<https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html>.
|
