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.\" Copyright (c) Bruno Haible <haible@clisp.cons.org>
.\"
.\" This is free documentation; you can redistribute it and/or
.\" modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
.\" published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
.\" the License, or (at your option) any later version.
.\"
.\" References consulted:
.\" GNU glibc-2 source code and manual
.\" GNU gettext source code and manual
.\" LI18NUX 2000 Globalization Specification
.\"
.TH GETTEXT 3 "May 2001" "GNU gettext 20220912"
.SH NAME
gettext, dgettext, dcgettext \- translate message
.SH SYNOPSIS
.nf
.B #include <libintl.h>
.sp
.BI "char * gettext (const char * " msgid );
.BI "char * dgettext (const char * " domainname ", const char * " msgid );
.BI "char * dcgettext (const char * " domainname ", const char * " msgid ,
.BI " int " category );
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
The \fBgettext\fP, \fBdgettext\fP and \fBdcgettext\fP functions attempt to
translate a text string into the user's native language, by looking up the
translation in a message catalog.
.PP
The \fImsgid\fP argument identifies the message to be translated. By
convention, it is the English version of the message, with non-ASCII
characters replaced by ASCII approximations. This choice allows the
translators to work with message catalogs, called PO files, that contain
both the English and the translated versions of each message, and can be
installed using the \fBmsgfmt\fP utility.
.PP
A message domain is a set of translatable \fImsgid\fP messages. Usually,
every software package has its own message domain. The domain name is used
to determine the message catalog where the translation is looked up; it must
be a non-empty string. For the \fBgettext\fP function, it is specified through
a preceding \fBtextdomain\fP call. For the \fBdgettext\fP and \fBdcgettext\fP
functions, it is passed as the \fIdomainname\fP argument; if this argument is
NULL, the domain name specified through a preceding \fBtextdomain\fP call is
used instead.
.PP
Translation lookup operates in the context of the current locale. For the
\fBgettext\fP and \fBdgettext\fP functions, the \fBLC_MESSAGES\fP locale
facet is used. It is determined by a preceding call to the \fBsetlocale\fP
function. \fBsetlocale(LC_ALL,"")\fP initializes the \fBLC_MESSAGES\fP locale
based on the first nonempty value of the three environment variables
\fBLC_ALL\fP, \fBLC_MESSAGES\fP, \fBLANG\fP; see \fBsetlocale\fP(3). For the
\fBdcgettext\fP function, the locale facet is determined by the \fIcategory\fP
argument, which should be one of the \fBLC_xxx\fP constants defined in the
<locale.h> header, excluding \fBLC_ALL\fP. In both cases, the functions also
use the \fBLC_CTYPE\fP locale facet in order to convert the translated message
from the translator's codeset to the current locale's codeset, unless
overridden by a prior call to the \fBbind_textdomain_codeset\fP function.
.PP
The message catalog used by the functions is at the pathname
\fIdirname\fP/\fIlocale\fP/\fIcategory\fP/\fIdomainname\fP.mo. Here
\fIdirname\fP is the directory specified through \fBbindtextdomain\fP. Its
default is system and configuration dependent; typically it is
\fIprefix\fP/share/locale, where \fIprefix\fP is the installation prefix of the
package. \fIlocale\fP is the name of the current locale facet; the GNU
implementation also tries generalizations, such as the language name without
the territory name. \fIcategory\fP is \fBLC_MESSAGES\fP for the \fBgettext\fP
and \fBdgettext\fP functions, or the argument passed to the \fBdcgettext\fP
function.
.PP
If the \fBLANGUAGE\fP environment variable is set to a nonempty value, and the
locale is not the "C" locale, the value of \fBLANGUAGE\fP is assumed to contain
a colon separated list of locale names. The functions will attempt to look up
a translation of \fImsgid\fP in each of the locales in turn. This is a GNU
extension.
.PP
In the "C" locale, or if none of the used catalogs contain a translation for
\fImsgid\fP, the \fBgettext\fP, \fBdgettext\fP and \fBdcgettext\fP functions
return \fImsgid\fP.
.SH "RETURN VALUE"
If a translation was found in one of the specified catalogs, it is converted
to the locale's codeset and returned. The resulting string is statically
allocated and must not be modified or freed. Otherwise \fImsgid\fP is returned.
.SH ERRORS
\fBerrno\fP is not modified.
.SH BUGS
The return type ought to be \fBconst char *\fP, but is \fBchar *\fP to avoid
warnings in C code predating ANSI C.
.PP
When an empty string is used for \fImsgid\fP, the functions may return a
nonempty string.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.BR ngettext (3),
.BR dngettext (3),
.BR dcngettext (3),
.BR setlocale (3),
.BR textdomain (3),
.BR bindtextdomain (3),
.BR bind_textdomain_codeset (3),
.BR msgfmt (1)
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