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.\"***************************************************************************
.\" Copyright 2018-2023,2024 Thomas E. Dickey *
.\" Copyright 1998-2010,2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc. *
.\" *
.\" Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a *
.\" copy of this software and associated documentation files (the *
.\" "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including *
.\" without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, *
.\" distribute, distribute with modifications, sublicense, and/or sell *
.\" copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is *
.\" furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: *
.\" *
.\" The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included *
.\" in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. *
.\" *
.\" THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS *
.\" OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF *
.\" MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. *
.\" IN NO EVENT SHALL THE ABOVE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, *
.\" DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR *
.\" OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR *
.\" THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. *
.\" *
.\" Except as contained in this notice, the name(s) of the above copyright *
.\" holders shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the *
.\" sale, use or other dealings in this Software without prior written *
.\" authorization. *
.\"***************************************************************************
.\"
.\" $Id: curs_scanw.3x,v 1.53 2024/04/20 19:18:18 tom Exp $
.TH scanw 3NCURSES 2024-04-20 "ncurses 6.5" "Library calls"
.ie \n(.g \{\
.ds `` \(lq
.ds '' \(rq
.\}
.el \{\
.ie t .ds `` ``
.el .ds `` ""
.ie t .ds '' ''
.el .ds '' ""
.\}
.
.de bP
.ie n .IP \(bu 4
.el .IP \(bu 2
..
.SH NAME
\fB\%scanw\fP,
\fB\%wscanw\fP,
\fB\%mvscanw\fP,
\fB\%mvwscanw\fP,
\fB\%vwscanw\fP,
\fB\%vw_scanw\fP \-
read formatted input from a \fIcurses\fR window
.SH SYNOPSIS
.nf
\fB#include <ncursesw/curses.h>
.PP
\fBint scanw(const char *\fIfmt\fP, ...);
\fBint wscanw(WINDOW *\fIwin\fP, const char *\fIfmt\fP, ...);
\fBint mvscanw(int \fIy\fP, int \fIx\fP, const char *\fIfmt\fP, ...);
\fBint mvwscanw(WINDOW *\fIwin\fP, int \fIy\fP, int \fIx\fP, const char *\fIfmt\fP, ...);
.PP
\fBint vw_scanw(WINDOW *\fIwin\fP, const char *\fIfmt\fP, va_list \fIvarglist\fP);
.PP
\fI/* obsolete */\fP
\fBint vwscanw(WINDOW *\fIwin\fP, const char *\fIfmt\fP, va_list \fIvarglist\fP);
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
\fB\%scanw\fP,
\fB\%wscanw\fP,
\fB\%mvscanw\fP,
and
\fB\%mvwscanw\fP
are analogous to \fI\%scanf\fP(3).
In effect,
they call \fB\%wgetstr\fP(3NCURSES) with
.I win
(or
.BR \%stdscr )
as its first argument,
then attempt conversion of the resulting string with \fI\%vsscanf\fP(3).
Fields in the string that do not map to a variable in the \fIfmt\fP
parameter are discarded.
.PP
\fB\%vwscanw\fP
and
\fB\%vw_scanw\fP are analogous to \fI\%vscanf\fP(3),
and perform a \fB\%wscanw\fP using a variable argument list.
The third argument is a \fI\%va_list\fP,
a pointer to a list of arguments,
as defined in \fI\%stdarg.h\fP.
.SH RETURN VALUE
These functions return
.B ERR
upon failure and otherwise a count of successful conversions;
this quantity may be zero.
.PP
In
.IR \%ncurses ,
failure occurs if \fI\%vsscanf\fP(3) returns
\fBEOF\fP,
or if the window pointer
.I win
is null.
.PP
Functions prefixed with \*(``mv\*('' first perform cursor movement and
fail if the position
.RI ( y ,
.IR x )
is outside the window boundaries.
.SH NOTES
No wide character counterpart functions are defined by the
\*(``wide\*(''
.I \%ncurses
configuration nor by any standard.
They are unnecessary:
to retrieve and convert a wide-character string from a
.I curses
terminal keyboard,
use these functions with the \fI\%scanf\fP(3) conversions \*(``%lc\*(''
and \*(``%ls\*('' for wide characters and strings,
respectively.
.PP
.I \%ncurses
implements \fI\%vsscanf\fP(3) internally if it is unavailable when the
library is configured.
.SH PORTABILITY
X/Open Curses,
Issue 4 describes these functions.
It specifies no error conditions for them.
.PP
.I \%ncurses
defines \fB\%vw_scanw\fP and \fB\%vwscanw\fP identically to support
legacy applications.
However,
the latter is obsolete.
.bP
X/Open Curses,
Issue 4 Version 2 (1996),
marked \fB\%vwscanw\fP as requiring \fI\%varargs.h\fP and
\*(``TO BE WITHDRAWN\*('',
and specified \fB\%vw_scanw\fP using the \fI\%stdarg.h\fP interface.
.bP
X/Open Curses,
Issue 5,
Draft 2 (December 2007) marked \fB\%vwscanw\fP (along with
\fB\%vwscanw\fP and the \fItermcap\fP interface) as withdrawn.
After incorporating review comments,
this became
X/Open Curses, Issue 7 (2009).
.bP
.I \%ncurses
provides \fB\%vwscanw\fP,
but marks it as deprecated.
.PP
X/Open Curses Issues 4 and 7 both state that these functions return
\fBERR\fP or \fBOK\fP.
This is likely an erratum.
.bP
Since the underlying \fI\%scanf\fP(3) returns the number of successful
conversions,
and SVr4
.I curses
was documented to use this feature,
this may have been an editorial solecism introduced by X/Open,
rather than an intentional change.
.bP
This implementation retains compatibility with SVr4
.IR curses .
As of 2018,
NetBSD
.I curses
also returns the number of successful conversions.
Both
.I \%ncurses\fP
and NetBSD
.I curses
call \fI\%vsscanf\fP(3) to scan the string,
which returns \fBEOF\fP on error.
.bP
Portable applications should test only if the return value is \fBERR\fP,
and not compare it to \fBOK\fP,
since that value (zero) might be misleading.
.IP
One portable way to get useful results would be to use a \*(``%n\*(''
conversion at the end of the format string,
and check the value of the corresponding variable to determine how many
conversions succeeded.
.SH HISTORY
\fB\%scanw\fP was implemented in 4BSD
(November 1980);
.\" https://minnie.tuhs.org/cgi-bin/utree.pl?file=4BSD/usr/src/lib/\
.\" libcurses/scanw.c
that early version of
.I curses
preceded the ANSI C standard of 1989.
The function was unused in Berkeley distributions for over ten years,
until 4.4BSD,
which employed it in a game.
The 4BSD \fB\%scanw\fP did not use \fI\%varargs.h\fP,
though that had been available since Seventh Edition Unix (1979).
.\" https://minnie.tuhs.org/cgi-bin/utree.pl?file=V7/usr/include/\
.\" varargs.h
In 1991
(a couple of years after SVr4 was generally available,
and after the C standard was published),
other developers updated the library,
using \fI\%stdarg.h\fP internally in 4.4BSD
.IR curses .
Even with this improvement,
BSD
.I curses
did not use function prototypes
(nor even declare functions)
in \fI\%curses.h\fP until 1992.
.PP
SVr2 (1984) documented \fB\%scanw\fP and \fB\%wscanw\fP tersely as
\*(``scanf through \fB\%stdscr\fP\*('' and
\*(``scanf through \fIwin\fP\*('',
respectively.
.PP
SVr3 (1987) added
\fB\%mvscanw\fP, and
\fB\%mvwscanw\fP, stating
.RS
.PP
\*(``[t]hese routines correspond to \fIscanf\fP(3S),
as do their arguments and return values.
\fB\%wgetstr\fP() is called on the window,
and the resulting line is used as input for the scan.\*(''
.RE
.PP
SVr3 also implemented \fB\%vwscanw\fP,
describing its third parameter as a \fI\%va_list\fP,
defined in \fI\%varargs.h\fP,
and referred the reader to the manual pages for \fI\%varargs\fP and
\fI\%vprintf\fP for detailed descriptions.
(Because the SVr3 documentation does not mention \fI\%vscanf\fP,
the reference to \fI\%vprintf\fP might not be an error).
.PP
SVr4 (1989) introduced no new variations of \fI\%scanw\fP,
but provided for using either \fI\%varargs.h\fP or \fI\%stdarg.h\fP to
define the \fI\%va_list\fP type.
.\" either header declares "va_list", but only one can be used
.PP
X/Open Curses, Issue 4 (1995),
defined \fI\%vw_scanw\fP to replace \fI\%vwscanw\fP,
stating that its \fI\%va_list\fP type is defined in \fI\%stdarg.h\fP.
.SH SEE ALSO
\fB\%ncurses\fP(3NCURSES),
\fB\%getstr\fP(3NCURSES),
\fB\%printw\fP(3NCURSES),
\fB\%scanf\fP(3),
\fB\%vscanf\fP(3)
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