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-.\"  Copyright (C) 2003  Davide Libenzi
-.\"  Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org>
-.\" and Copyright 2009, 2014, 2016, 2018, 2019 Michael Kerrisk <tk.manpages@gmail.com>
-.\"
-.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
-.\"
-.TH epoll_ctl 2 2023-10-31 "Linux man-pages 6.7"
-.SH NAME
-epoll_ctl \- control interface for an epoll file descriptor
-.SH LIBRARY
-Standard C library
-.RI ( libc ", " \-lc )
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.nf
-.B #include <sys/epoll.h>
-.P
-.BI "int epoll_ctl(int " epfd ", int " op ", int " fd ,
-.BI "              struct epoll_event *_Nullable " event );
-.fi
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-This system call is used to add, modify, or remove
-entries in the interest list of the
-.BR epoll (7)
-instance
-referred to by the file descriptor
-.IR epfd .
-It requests that the operation
-.I op
-be performed for the target file descriptor,
-.IR fd .
-.P
-Valid values for the
-.I op
-argument are:
-.TP
-.B EPOLL_CTL_ADD
-Add an entry to the interest list of the epoll file descriptor,
-.IR epfd .
-The entry includes the file descriptor,
-.IR fd ,
-a reference to the corresponding open file description (see
-.BR epoll (7)
-and
-.BR open (2)),
-and the settings specified in
-.IR event .
-.TP
-.B EPOLL_CTL_MOD
-Change the settings associated with
-.I fd
-in the interest list to the new settings specified in
-.IR event .
-.TP
-.B EPOLL_CTL_DEL
-Remove (deregister) the target file descriptor
-.I fd
-from the interest list.
-The
-.I event
-argument is ignored and can be NULL (but see BUGS below).
-.P
-The
-.I event
-argument describes the object linked to the file descriptor
-.IR fd .
-The
-.I struct epoll_event
-is described in
-.BR epoll_event (3type).
-.P
-The
-.I data
-member of the
-.I epoll_event
-structure specifies data that the kernel should save and then return (via
-.BR epoll_wait (2))
-when this file descriptor becomes ready.
-.P
-The
-.I events
-member of the
-.I epoll_event
-structure is a bit mask composed by ORing together zero or more event types,
-returned by
-.BR epoll_wait (2),
-and input flags, which affect its behaviour, but aren't returned.
-The available event types are:
-.TP
-.B EPOLLIN
-The associated file is available for
-.BR read (2)
-operations.
-.TP
-.B EPOLLOUT
-The associated file is available for
-.BR write (2)
-operations.
-.TP
-.BR EPOLLRDHUP " (since Linux 2.6.17)"
-Stream socket peer closed connection,
-or shut down writing half of connection.
-(This flag is especially useful for writing simple code to detect
-peer shutdown when using edge-triggered monitoring.)
-.TP
-.B EPOLLPRI
-There is an exceptional condition on the file descriptor.
-See the discussion of
-.B POLLPRI
-in
-.BR poll (2).
-.TP
-.B EPOLLERR
-Error condition happened on the associated file descriptor.
-This event is also reported for the write end of a pipe when the read end
-has been closed.
-.IP
-.BR epoll_wait (2)
-will always report for this event; it is not necessary to set it in
-.I events
-when calling
-.BR epoll_ctl ().
-.TP
-.B EPOLLHUP
-Hang up happened on the associated file descriptor.
-.IP
-.BR epoll_wait (2)
-will always wait for this event; it is not necessary to set it in
-.I events
-when calling
-.BR epoll_ctl ().
-.IP
-Note that when reading from a channel such as a pipe or a stream socket,
-this event merely indicates that the peer closed its end of the channel.
-Subsequent reads from the channel will return 0 (end of file)
-only after all outstanding data in the channel has been consumed.
-.P
-And the available input flags are:
-.TP
-.B EPOLLET
-Requests edge-triggered notification for the associated file descriptor.
-The default behavior for
-.B epoll
-is level-triggered.
-See
-.BR epoll (7)
-for more detailed information about edge-triggered and
-level-triggered notification.
-.TP
-.BR EPOLLONESHOT " (since Linux 2.6.2)"
-Requests one-shot notification for the associated file descriptor.
-This means that after an event notified for the file descriptor by
-.BR epoll_wait (2),
-the file descriptor is disabled in the interest list and no other events
-will be reported by the
-.B epoll
-interface.
-The user must call
-.BR epoll_ctl ()
-with
-.B EPOLL_CTL_MOD
-to rearm the file descriptor with a new event mask.
-.TP
-.BR EPOLLWAKEUP " (since Linux 3.5)"
-.\" commit 4d7e30d98939a0340022ccd49325a3d70f7e0238
-If
-.B EPOLLONESHOT
-and
-.B EPOLLET
-are clear and the process has the
-.B CAP_BLOCK_SUSPEND
-capability,
-ensure that the system does not enter "suspend" or
-"hibernate" while this event is pending or being processed.
-The event is considered as being "processed" from the time
-when it is returned by a call to
-.BR epoll_wait (2)
-until the next call to
-.BR epoll_wait (2)
-on the same
-.BR epoll (7)
-file descriptor,
-the closure of that file descriptor,
-the removal of the event file descriptor with
-.BR EPOLL_CTL_DEL ,
-or the clearing of
-.B EPOLLWAKEUP
-for the event file descriptor with
-.BR EPOLL_CTL_MOD .
-See also BUGS.
-.TP
-.BR EPOLLEXCLUSIVE " (since Linux 4.5)"
-Sets an exclusive wakeup mode for the epoll file descriptor that is being
-attached to the target file descriptor,
-.IR fd .
-When a wakeup event occurs and multiple epoll file descriptors
-are attached to the same target file using
-.BR EPOLLEXCLUSIVE ,
-one or more of the epoll file descriptors will receive an event with
-.BR epoll_wait (2).
-The default in this scenario (when
-.B EPOLLEXCLUSIVE
-is not set) is for all epoll file descriptors to receive an event.
-.B EPOLLEXCLUSIVE
-is thus useful for avoiding thundering herd problems in certain scenarios.
-.IP
-If the same file descriptor is in multiple epoll instances,
-some with the
-.B EPOLLEXCLUSIVE
-flag, and others without, then events will be provided to all epoll
-instances that did not specify
-.BR EPOLLEXCLUSIVE ,
-and at least one of the epoll instances that did specify
-.BR EPOLLEXCLUSIVE .
-.IP
-The following values may be specified in conjunction with
-.BR EPOLLEXCLUSIVE :
-.BR EPOLLIN ,
-.BR EPOLLOUT ,
-.BR EPOLLWAKEUP ,
-and
-.BR EPOLLET .
-.B EPOLLHUP
-and
-.B EPOLLERR
-can also be specified, but this is not required:
-as usual, these events are always reported if they occur,
-regardless of whether they are specified in
-.IR events .
-Attempts to specify other values in
-.I events
-yield the error
-.BR EINVAL .
-.IP
-.B EPOLLEXCLUSIVE
-may be used only in an
-.B EPOLL_CTL_ADD
-operation; attempts to employ it with
-.B EPOLL_CTL_MOD
-yield an error.
-If
-.B EPOLLEXCLUSIVE
-has been set using
-.BR epoll_ctl (),
-then a subsequent
-.B EPOLL_CTL_MOD
-on the same
-.IR epfd ,\~ fd
-pair yields an error.
-A call to
-.BR epoll_ctl ()
-that specifies
-.B EPOLLEXCLUSIVE
-in
-.I events
-and specifies the target file descriptor
-.I fd
-as an epoll instance will likewise fail.
-The error in all of these cases is
-.BR EINVAL .
-.SH RETURN VALUE
-When successful,
-.BR epoll_ctl ()
-returns zero.
-When an error occurs,
-.BR epoll_ctl ()
-returns \-1 and
-.I errno
-is set to indicate the error.
-.SH ERRORS
-.TP
-.B EBADF
-.I epfd
-or
-.I fd
-is not a valid file descriptor.
-.TP
-.B EEXIST
-.I op
-was
-.BR EPOLL_CTL_ADD ,
-and the supplied file descriptor
-.I fd
-is already registered with this epoll instance.
-.TP
-.B EINVAL
-.I epfd
-is not an
-.B epoll
-file descriptor,
-or
-.I fd
-is the same as
-.IR epfd ,
-or the requested operation
-.I op
-is not supported by this interface.
-.TP
-.B EINVAL
-An invalid event type was specified along with
-.B EPOLLEXCLUSIVE
-in
-.IR events .
-.TP
-.B EINVAL
-.I op
-was
-.B EPOLL_CTL_MOD
-and
-.I events
-included
-.BR EPOLLEXCLUSIVE .
-.TP
-.B EINVAL
-.I op
-was
-.B EPOLL_CTL_MOD
-and the
-.B EPOLLEXCLUSIVE
-flag has previously been applied to this
-.IR epfd ,\~ fd
-pair.
-.TP
-.B EINVAL
-.B EPOLLEXCLUSIVE
-was specified in
-.I event
-and
-.I fd
-refers to an epoll instance.
-.TP
-.B ELOOP
-.I fd
-refers to an epoll instance and this
-.B EPOLL_CTL_ADD
-operation would result in a circular loop of epoll instances
-monitoring one another or a nesting depth of epoll instances
-greater than 5.
-.TP
-.B ENOENT
-.I op
-was
-.B EPOLL_CTL_MOD
-or
-.BR EPOLL_CTL_DEL ,
-and
-.I fd
-is not registered with this epoll instance.
-.TP
-.B ENOMEM
-There was insufficient memory to handle the requested
-.I op
-control operation.
-.TP
-.B ENOSPC
-The limit imposed by
-.I /proc/sys/fs/epoll/max_user_watches
-was encountered while trying to register
-.RB ( EPOLL_CTL_ADD )
-a new file descriptor on an epoll instance.
-See
-.BR epoll (7)
-for further details.
-.TP
-.B EPERM
-The target file
-.I fd
-does not support
-.BR epoll .
-This error can occur if
-.I fd
-refers to, for example, a regular file or a directory.
-.SH STANDARDS
-Linux.
-.SH HISTORY
-Linux 2.6,
-.\" To be precise: Linux 2.5.44.
-.\" The interface should be finalized by Linux 2.5.66.
-glibc 2.3.2.
-.SH NOTES
-The
-.B epoll
-interface supports all file descriptors that support
-.BR poll (2).
-.SH BUGS
-Before Linux 2.6.9, the
-.B EPOLL_CTL_DEL
-operation required a non-null pointer in
-.IR event ,
-even though this argument is ignored.
-Since Linux 2.6.9,
-.I event
-can be specified as NULL
-when using
-.BR EPOLL_CTL_DEL .
-Applications that need to be portable to kernels before Linux 2.6.9
-should specify a non-null pointer in
-.IR event .
-.P
-If
-.B EPOLLWAKEUP
-is specified in
-.IR flags ,
-but the caller does not have the
-.B CAP_BLOCK_SUSPEND
-capability, then the
-.B EPOLLWAKEUP
-flag is
-.IR "silently ignored" .
-This unfortunate behavior is necessary because no validity
-checks were performed on the
-.I flags
-argument in the original implementation, and the addition of the
-.B EPOLLWAKEUP
-with a check that caused the call to fail if the caller did not have the
-.B CAP_BLOCK_SUSPEND
-capability caused a breakage in at least one existing user-space
-application that happened to randomly (and uselessly) specify this bit.
-.\" commit a8159414d7e3af7233e7a5a82d1c5d85379bd75c (behavior change)
-.\" https://lwn.net/Articles/520198/
-A robust application should therefore double check that it has the
-.B CAP_BLOCK_SUSPEND
-capability if attempting to use the
-.B EPOLLWAKEUP
-flag.
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR epoll_create (2),
-.BR epoll_wait (2),
-.BR poll (2),
-.BR epoll (7)