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-'\" t
-.\" Copyright (c) 1993 by Thomas Koenig (ig25@rz.uni-karlsruhe.de)
-.\" and Copyright 2014 Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
-.\"
-.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: Linux-man-pages-copyleft
-.\"
-.\" Modified Sat Jul 24 17:45:39 1993 by Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
-.\" Modified 2000-02-13 by Nicolás Lichtmaier <nick@debian.org>
-.TH toupper 3 2024-02-25 "Linux man-pages 6.7"
-.SH NAME
-toupper, tolower, toupper_l, tolower_l \- convert uppercase or lowercase
-.SH LIBRARY
-Standard C library
-.RI ( libc ", " \-lc )
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.nf
-.B #include <ctype.h>
-.P
-.BI "int toupper(int " "c" );
-.BI "int tolower(int " "c" );
-.P
-.BI "int toupper_l(int " c ", locale_t " locale );
-.BI "int tolower_l(int " c ", locale_t " locale );
-.fi
-.P
-.RS -4
-Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see
-.BR feature_test_macros (7)):
-.RE
-.P
-.BR toupper_l (),
-.BR tolower_l ():
-.nf
- Since glibc 2.10:
- _XOPEN_SOURCE >= 700
- Before glibc 2.10:
- _GNU_SOURCE
-.fi
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-These functions convert lowercase letters to uppercase, and vice versa.
-.P
-If
-.I c
-is a lowercase letter,
-.BR toupper ()
-returns its uppercase equivalent,
-if an uppercase representation exists in the current locale.
-Otherwise, it returns
-.IR c .
-The
-.BR toupper_l ()
-function performs the same task,
-but uses the locale referred to by the locale handle
-.IR locale .
-.P
-If
-.I c
-is an uppercase letter,
-.BR tolower ()
-returns its lowercase equivalent,
-if a lowercase representation exists in the current locale.
-Otherwise, it returns
-.IR c .
-The
-.BR tolower_l ()
-function performs the same task,
-but uses the locale referred to by the locale handle
-.IR locale .
-.P
-If
-.I c
-is neither an
-.I "unsigned char"
-value nor
-.BR EOF ,
-the behavior of these functions
-is undefined.
-.P
-The behavior of
-.BR toupper_l ()
-and
-.BR tolower_l ()
-is undefined if
-.I locale
-is the special locale object
-.B LC_GLOBAL_LOCALE
-(see
-.BR duplocale (3))
-or is not a valid locale object handle.
-.SH RETURN VALUE
-The value returned is that of the converted letter, or
-.I c
-if the conversion was not possible.
-.SH ATTRIBUTES
-For an explanation of the terms used in this section, see
-.BR attributes (7).
-.TS
-allbox;
-lbx lb lb
-l l l.
-Interface Attribute Value
-T{
-.na
-.nh
-.BR toupper (),
-.BR tolower (),
-.BR toupper_l (),
-.BR tolower_l ()
-T} Thread safety MT-Safe
-.TE
-.SH STANDARDS
-.TP
-.BR toupper ()
-.TQ
-.BR tolower ()
-C11, POSIX.1-2008.
-.TP
-.BR toupper_l ()
-.TQ
-.BR tolower_l ()
-POSIX.1-2008.
-.SH HISTORY
-.TP
-.BR toupper ()
-.TQ
-.BR tolower ()
-C89, 4.3BSD, POSIX.1-2001.
-.TP
-.BR toupper_l ()
-.TQ
-.BR tolower_l ()
-POSIX.1-2008.
-.SH NOTES
-The standards require that the argument
-.I c
-for these functions is either
-.B EOF
-or a value that is representable in the type
-.IR "unsigned char" .
-If the argument
-.I c
-is of type
-.IR char ,
-it must be cast to
-.IR "unsigned char" ,
-as in the following example:
-.P
-.in +4n
-.EX
-char c;
-\&...
-res = toupper((unsigned char) c);
-.EE
-.in
-.P
-This is necessary because
-.I char
-may be the equivalent
-.IR "signed char" ,
-in which case a byte where the top bit is set would be sign extended when
-converting to
-.IR int ,
-yielding a value that is outside the range of
-.IR "unsigned char" .
-.P
-The details of what constitutes an uppercase or lowercase letter depend
-on the locale.
-For example, the default
-.B \[dq]C\[dq]
-locale does not know about umlauts, so no conversion is done for them.
-.P
-In some non-English locales, there are lowercase letters with no
-corresponding uppercase equivalent;
-.\" FIXME One day the statement about "sharp s" needs to be reworked,
-.\" since there is nowadays a capital "sharp s" that has a codepoint
-.\" in Unicode 5.0; see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_%E1%BA%9E
-the German sharp s is one example.
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR isalpha (3),
-.BR newlocale (3),
-.BR setlocale (3),
-.BR towlower (3),
-.BR towupper (3),
-.BR uselocale (3),
-.BR locale (7)