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-.\" Copyright (c) 2018 by Eugene Syromyatnikov <evgsyr@gmail.com>,
-.\" and Copyright (c) 2018 Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com>
-.\"
-.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: Linux-man-pages-copyleft
-.\"
-.TH address_families 7 2024-01-28 "Linux man-pages 6.7"
-.SH NAME
-address_families \- socket address families (domains)
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.nf
-.BR "#include <sys/types.h>" " /* See NOTES */"
-.B #include <sys/socket.h>
-.P
-.BI "int socket(int " domain ", int " type ", int " protocol );
-.fi
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-The
-.I domain
-argument of the
-.BR socket (2)
-specifies a communication domain; this selects the protocol
-family which will be used for communication.
-These families are defined in
-.IR <sys/socket.h> .
-The formats currently understood by the Linux kernel include:
-.TP
-.B AF_UNIX
-.TQ
-.B AF_LOCAL
-Local communication.
-For further information, see
-.BR unix (7).
-.TP
-.B AF_INET
-IPv4 Internet protocols.
-For further information, see
-.BR ip (7).
-.TP
-.B AF_AX25
-Amateur radio AX.25 protocol.
-For further information, see
-.BR ax25 (4).
-.\" Part of ax25-tools
-.TP
-.B AF_IPX
-IPX \- Novell protocols.
-.TP
-.B AF_APPLETALK
-AppleTalk
-For further information, see
-.BR ddp (7).
-.TP
-.B AF_NETROM
-AX.25 packet layer protocol.
-For further information, see
-.BR netrom (4),
-.\" Part of ax25-tools package
-.UR https://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/AX25-HOWTO/x61.html
-.I The Packet Radio Protocols and Linux
-.UE
-and the
-.IR AX.25 ", " NET/ROM ", and " "ROSE network programming"
-chapters of the
-.UR https://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/AX25-HOWTO/x2107.html
-.I Linux Amateur Radio AX.25 HOWTO
-.UE .
-.TP
-.B AF_BRIDGE
-Can't be used for creating sockets;
-mostly used for bridge links in
-.BR rtnetlink (7)
-protocol commands.
-.TP
-.B AF_ATMPVC
-Access to raw ATM Permanent Virtual Circuits (PVCs).
-For further information, see the
-.UR https://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/text/ATM-Linux-HOWTO
-.I ATM on Linux HOWTO
-.UE .
-.TP
-.B AF_X25
-ITU-T X.25 / ISO/IEC\~8208 protocol.
-For further information, see
-.BR x25 (7).
-.TP
-.B AF_INET6
-IPv6 Internet protocols.
-For further information, see
-.BR ipv6 (7).
-.TP
-.B AF_ROSE
-RATS (Radio Amateur Telecommunications Society).
-Open Systems environment (ROSE) AX.25 packet layer protocol.
-For further information, see the resources listed for
-.BR AF_NETROM .
-.TP
-.B AF_DECnet
-DECet protocol sockets.
-See
-.I Documentation/networking/decnet.txt
-in the Linux kernel source tree for details.
-.TP
-.B AF_NETBEUI
-Reserved for "802.2LLC project"; never used.
-.TP
-.B AF_SECURITY
-This was a short-lived (between Linux 2.1.30 and 2.1.99pre2) protocol family
-for firewall upcalls.
-.TP
-.B AF_KEY
-Key management protocol, originally developed for usage with IPsec
-(since Linux 2.1.38).
-This has no relation to
-.BR keyctl (2)
-and the in-kernel key storage facility.
-See
-.UR https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2367
-RFC 2367
-.I PF_KEY Key Management API, Version 2
-.UE
-for details.
-.TP
-.B AF_NETLINK
-Kernel user interface device.
-For further information, see
-.BR netlink (7).
-.TP
-.B AF_PACKET
-Low-level packet interface.
-For further information, see
-.BR packet (7).
-.\" .TP
-.\" .B AF_ASH
-.\" Asynchronous Serial Host protocol (?)
-.\" Notes from Eugene Syromyatnikov:
-.\" I haven't found any concrete information about this one;
-.\" it never was implemented in Linux, at least, judging by historical
-.\" repos. There is also this file (and its variations):
-.\" https://github.com/ecki/net-tools/blob/master/lib/ash.c
-.\" ( https://github.com/ecki/net-tools/commits/master/lib/ash.c )
-.\" it mentions "NET-2 distribution" (BSD Net/2?), but, again, I failed
-.\" to find any mentions of "ash" protocol there.
-.\" (for the reference:
-.\" ftp://pdp11.org.ru/pub/unix-archive/Distributions/UCB/Net2/net2.tar.gz )
-.\" Another source that mentions it is
-.\" https://www.silabs.com/documents/public/user-guides/ug101-uart-gateway-protocol-reference.pdf
-.\" https://www.silabs.com/documents/public/user-guides/ug115-ashv3-protocol-reference.pdf
-.\" but I doubt that it's related, as former files use 64-byte addresses and
-.\" "Hamming-encode of hops", and that's barely combines with a protocol
-.\" that is mainly used over serial connection.
-.TP
-.B AF_ECONET
-.\" commit: 349f29d841dbae854bd7367be7c250401f974f47
-Acorn Econet protocol (removed in Linux 3.5).
-See the
-.UR http://www.8bs.com/othrdnld/manuals/econet.shtml
-Econet documentation
-.UE
-for details.
-.TP
-.B AF_ATMSVC
-Access to ATM Switched Virtual Circuits (SVCs)
-See the
-.UR https://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/text/ATM-Linux-HOWTO
-.I ATM on Linux HOWTO
-.UE
-for details.
-.TP
-.B AF_RDS
-.\" commit: 639b321b4d8f4e412bfbb2a4a19bfebc1e68ace4
-Reliable Datagram Sockets (RDS) protocol (since Linux 2.6.30).
-RDS over RDMA has no relation to
-.B AF_SMC
-or
-.BR AF_XDP .
-For further information, see
-.\" rds-tools: https://github.com/oracle/rds-tools/blob/master/rds.7
-.\" rds-tools: https://github.com/oracle/rds-tools/blob/master/rds-rdma.7
-.BR rds (7),
-.BR rds\-rdma (7),
-and
-.I Documentation/networking/rds.txt
-in the Linux kernel source tree.
-.TP
-.B AF_IRDA
-.\" commits: 1ca163afb6fd569b, d64c2a76123f0300
-Socket interface over IrDA
-(moved to staging in Linux 4.14, removed in Linux 4.17).
-.\" irda-utils: https://sourceforge.net/p/irda/code/HEAD/tree/tags/IRDAUTILS_0_9_18/irda-utils/man/irda.7.gz?format=raw
-For further information, see
-.BR irda (7).
-.TP
-.B AF_PPPOX
-Generic PPP transport layer, for setting up L2 tunnels
-(L2TP and PPPoE).
-See
-.I Documentation/networking/l2tp.txt
-in the Linux kernel source tree for details.
-.TP
-.B AF_WANPIPE
-.\" commits: ce0ecd594d78710422599918a608e96dd1ee6024
-Legacy protocol for wide area network (WAN) connectivity
-that was used by Sangoma WAN cards (called "WANPIPE");
-removed in Linux 2.6.21.
-.TP
-.B AF_LLC
-.\" linux-history commit: 34beb106cde7da233d4df35dd3d6cf4fee937caa
-Logical link control (IEEE 802.2 LLC) protocol, upper part
-of data link layer of ISO/OSI networking protocol stack
-(since Linux 2.4);
-has no relation to
-.BR AF_PACKET .
-See chapter
-.I 13.5.3. Logical Link Control
-in
-.I Understanding Linux Kernel Internals
-(O'Reilly Media, 2006)
-and
-.I IEEE Standards for Local Area Networks: Logical Link Control
-(The Institute of Electronics and Electronics Engineers, Inc.,
-New York, New York, 1985)
-for details.
-See also
-.UR https://wiki.linuxfoundation.org/networking/llc
-some historical notes
-.UE
-regarding its development.
-.TP
-.B AF_IB
-.\" commits: 8d36eb01da5d371f..ce117ffac2e93334
-InfiniBand native addressing (since Linux 3.11).
-.TP
-.B AF_MPLS
-.\" commits: 0189197f441602acdca3f97750d392a895b778fd
-Multiprotocol Label Switching (since Linux 4.1);
-mostly used for configuring MPLS routing via
-.BR netlink (7),
-as it doesn't expose ability to create sockets to user space.
-.TP
-.B AF_CAN
-.\" commits: 8dbde28d9711475a..5423dd67bd0108a1
-Controller Area Network automotive bus protocol (since Linux 2.6.25).
-See
-.I Documentation/networking/can.rst
-in the Linux kernel source tree for details.
-.TP
-.B AF_TIPC
-.\" commits: b97bf3fd8f6a16966d4f18983b2c40993ff937d4
-TIPC, "cluster domain sockets" protocol (since Linux 2.6.16).
-See
-.UR http://tipc.io/programming.html
-.I TIPC Programmer's Guide
-.UE
-and the
-.UR http://tipc.io/protocol.html
-protocol description
-.UE
-for details.
-.TP
-.B AF_BLUETOOTH
-.\" commits: 8d36eb01da5d371f..ce117ffac2e93334
-Bluetooth low-level socket protocol (since Linux 3.11).
-See
-.UR https://git.kernel.org\:/pub/scm\:/bluetooth/bluez.git\:/tree/doc/mgmt-api.txt
-.I Bluetooth Management API overview
-.UE
-and
-.UR https://people.csail.mit.edu/albert/bluez-intro/
-.I An Introduction to Bluetooth Programming
-by Albert Huang
-.UE
-for details.
-.TP
-.B AF_IUCV
-.\" commit: eac3731bd04c7131478722a3c148b78774553116
-IUCV (inter-user communication vehicle) z/VM protocol
-for hypervisor-guest interaction (since Linux 2.6.21);
-has no relation to
-.B AF_VSOCK
-and/or
-.B AF_SMC
-See
-.UR https://www.ibm.com\:/support\:/knowledgecenter\:/en/SSB27U_6.4.0\:/com.ibm.zvm.v640.hcpb4\:/iucv.htm
-.I IUCV protocol overview
-.UE
-for details.
-.TP
-.B AF_RXRPC
-.\" commit: 17926a79320afa9b95df6b977b40cca6d8713cea
-.\" http://people.redhat.com/~dhowells/rxrpc/
-.\" https://www.infradead.org/~dhowells/kafs/af_rxrpc_client.html
-.\" http://workshop.openafs.org/afsbpw09/talks/thu_2/kafs.pdf
-.\" http://pages.cs.wisc.edu/~remzi/OSTEP/dist-afs.pdf
-.\" http://web.mit.edu/kolya/afs/rx/rx-spec
-Rx, Andrew File System remote procedure call protocol
-(since Linux 2.6.22).
-See
-.I Documentation/networking/rxrpc.txt
-in the Linux kernel source tree for details.
-.TP
-.B AF_ISDN
-.\" commit: 1b2b03f8e514e4f68e293846ba511a948b80243c
-New "modular ISDN" driver interface protocol (since Linux 2.6.27).
-See the
-.UR http://www.misdn.eu/wiki/Main_Page/
-mISDN wiki
-.UE
-for details.
-.TP
-.B AF_PHONET
-.\" commit: 4b07b3f69a8471cdc142c51461a331226fef248a
-Nokia cellular modem IPC/RPC interface (since Linux 2.6.31).
-See
-.I Documentation/networking/phonet.txt
-in the Linux kernel source tree for details.
-.TP
-.B AF_IEEE802154
-.\" commit: 9ec7671603573ede31207eb5b0b3e1aa211b2854
-IEEE 802.15.4 WPAN (wireless personal area network) raw packet protocol
-(since Linux 2.6.31).
-See
-.I Documentation/networking/ieee802154.txt
-in the Linux kernel source tree for details.
-.TP
-.B AF_CAIF
-.\" commit: 529d6dad5bc69de14cdd24831e2a14264e93daa4
-.\" https://lwn.net/Articles/371017/
-.\" http://read.pudn.com/downloads157/doc/comm/698729/Misc/caif/Com%20CPU%20to%20Appl%20CPU%20Interface%20DESCRIPTION_LZN901%202002_revR1C.pdf
-.\" http://read.pudn.com/downloads157/doc/comm/698729/Misc/caif/Com%20CPU%20to%20Appl%20CPU%20Interface%20PROTOCOL%20SPECIFICATION_LZN901%201708_revR1A.pdf
-Ericsson's Communication CPU to Application CPU interface (CAIF) protocol
-(since Linux 2.6.36).
-See
-.I Documentation/networking/caif/Linux\-CAIF.txt
-in the Linux kernel source tree for details.
-.TP
-.B AF_ALG
-Interface to kernel crypto API (since Linux 2.6.38).
-See
-.I Documentation/crypto/userspace\-if.rst
-in the Linux kernel source tree for details.
-.TP
-.B AF_VSOCK
-.\" commit: d021c344051af91f42c5ba9fdedc176740cbd238
-VMWare VSockets protocol for hypervisor-guest interaction (since Linux 3.9);
-has no relation to
-.B AF_IUCV
-and
-.BR AF_SMC .
-For further information, see
-.BR vsock (7).
-.TP
-.B AF_KCM
-.\" commit: 03c8efc1ffeb6b82a22c1af8dd908af349563314
-KCM (kernel connection multiplexer) interface (since Linux 4.6).
-See
-.I Documentation/networking/kcm.txt
-in the Linux kernel source tree for details.
-.TP
-.B AF_QIPCRTR
-.\" commit: bdabad3e363d825ddf9679dd431cca0b2c30f881
-Qualcomm IPC router interface protocol (since Linux 4.7).
-.TP
-.B AF_SMC
-.\" commit: f3a3e248f3f7cd9a4bed334022704d7e7fc781bf
-SMC-R (shared memory communications over RDMA) protocol (since Linux 4.11),
-and SMC-D (shared memory communications, direct memory access) protocol
-for intra-node z/VM quest interaction (since Linux 4.19);
-has no relation to
-.BR AF_RDS ", " AF_IUCV
-or
-.BR AF_VSOCK .
-See
-.UR https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7609
-RFC 7609
-.I IBM's Shared Memory Communications over RDMA (SMC-R) Protocol
-.UE
-for details regarding SMC-R.
-See
-.UR https://www-01.ibm.com\:/software/network\:/commserver\:/SMC-D/index.html
-.I SMC-D Reference Information
-.UE
-for details regarding SMC-D.
-.TP
-.B AF_XDP
-.\" commit: c0c77d8fb787cfe0c3fca689c2a30d1dad4eaba7
-XDP (express data path) interface (since Linux 4.18).
-See
-.I Documentation/networking/af_xdp.rst
-in the Linux kernel source tree for details.
-.SH SEE ALSO
-.BR socket (2),
-.BR socket (7)