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diff --git a/nselib/bittorrent.lua b/nselib/bittorrent.lua
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+--- Bittorrent and DHT protocol library which enables users to read
+-- information from a torrent file, decode bencoded (bittorrent
+-- encoded) buffers, find peers associated with a certain torrent and
+-- retrieve nodes discovered during the search for peers.
+--
+-- For more information on the Bittorrent and DHT protocol go to:
+-- http://www.bittorrent.org/beps/bep_0000.html
+--
+-- The library contains the class <code>Torrent</code> and the function bdecode(buf)
+--
+-- How this library is likely to be used:
+-- <code>
+-- local filename = "/home/user/name.torrent"
+-- local torrent = bittorrent.Torrent:new()
+-- torrent:load_from_file(filename)
+-- torrent:trackers_peers() -- to load peers from the trackers
+-- torrent:dht_peers() -- to further load peers using the DHT protocol from existing peers
+-- </code>
+-- After these operations the peers and nodes can be found in <code>torrent.peers</code> and
+-- <code>torrent.nodes</code> tables respectively
+--
+-- @author Gorjan Petrovski
+-- @license "Same as Nmap--See https://nmap.org/book/man-legal.html"
+--
+
+-- The usage of the library would be first to initialize a new Torrent
+-- object. This initialization includes setting values for several
+-- variables.
+-- Next, a the torrent information needs to be loaded from a torrent file
+-- or a magnet link. The information in question would be a list of
+-- trackers, and the info_hash variable which is a 20 bytes length SHA1
+-- hash of the info field in the torrent file. The torrent file includes
+-- the field itself, but the magnet link only includes the info_hash
+-- value.
+-- After the basic info for the torrent is set, next the peers from the
+-- trackers need to be downloaded (torrent:trackers_peers()). There are
+-- http and udp trackers which use different protocols implemented in the
+-- Torrent:http_tracker_peers() and Torrent:udp_tracker_peers(). The
+-- communication is done serially and could be improved by using threads.
+-- After a few peers have been discovered we can continue in using the
+-- DHT protocol to discover more. We MUST have several peers in order to
+-- use the DHT protocol, and what's more at least one of the peers must
+-- have that protocol implemented. A peer which implements the DHT
+-- protocol is called a node. What that protocol allows is actually to
+-- find more peers for the torrent we are downloading/interested in, and
+-- it also allows us to find more nodes (hosts which implement the DHT
+-- protocol). Please notice that a DHT node does not necessarily have to
+-- be a peer sharing the torrent we need. So, in fact we have two
+-- networks, the network of peers (hosts sharing the torrent we need) and
+-- the DHT network (network of nodes which allow us to find more peers
+-- and nodes.
+-- There are three kinds of commands we need to do DHT discovery:
+-- - dht_ping, which is sent to a peer to test if the peer is a DHT node
+-- - find_node, which is sent to a DHT node to discover more DHT nodes
+-- - get_peers, which is sent to a DHT node to discover peers sharing a
+-- specific torrent; If the node that we send the get_peers command
+-- doesn't have a record of peers sharing that torrent, it returns more
+-- nodes.
+-- So in the bittorrent library I implemented every command in functions
+-- which are run as separate threads. They synchronize their work using
+-- the pnt condvar table. This is the map of pnt (peer node table):
+-- pnt = { peers_dht_ping, peers, nodes_find_node, nodes_get_peers, nodes }
+-- The dht_ping thread pings every peer in peers_dht_ping and then
+-- inserts it into peers. It does this for batches of a 100 peers. If the
+-- peer responds it adds it to the nodes_find_node list.
+-- The find_node thread sends find_node queries to the nodes in
+-- nodes_find_node, after which it puts them in nodes_get_peers. The
+-- nodes included in the response are added to the nodes_find_node list
+-- if they are not present in any of the nodes' lists.
+-- The nodes_get_peers sends a get_peers query to every node in the list
+-- after which they are added to the nodes list. If undiscovered peers
+-- are returned they are inserted into peers_dht_ping. If undiscovered
+-- nodes are found they are inserted into nodes_find_node.
+-- All of these threads run for a specified timeout whose default value
+-- is ~ 30 seconds.
+-- As you can see all newly discovered nodes are added to the
+-- nodes_find_node, and are processed first by the find_node thread, and
+-- then by the get_peers thread. All newly discovered peers are added to
+-- the peers_dht_ping to be processed by the dht_ping thread and so on.
+-- That enables the three threads to cooperate and pass on peers and
+-- nodes between each other.
+--
+-- There is also a bdecode function which decodes Bittorrent encoded
+-- buffers and organizes them into a structure I deemed fit for use.
+-- There are two known bittorrent structures: the list and the
+-- dictionary. One problem I encountered was that the bittorrent
+-- dictionary can have multiple entries with same-name keys. This kind of
+-- structure is not supported by Lua, so I had to use lists to represent
+-- the dictionaries as well which made accessing the keys a bit quirky
+
+local ipOps = require "ipOps"
+local coroutine = require "coroutine"
+local http = require "http"
+local io = require "io"
+local nmap = require "nmap"
+local openssl = require "openssl"
+local os = require "os"
+local stdnse = require "stdnse"
+local string = require "string"
+local table = require "table"
+local url = require "url"
+local rand = require "rand"
+_ENV = stdnse.module("bittorrent", stdnse.seeall)
+
+--- Given a buffer and a starting position in the buffer, this function decodes
+-- a bencoded string there and returns it as a normal lua string, as well as
+-- the position after the string
+local bdec_string = function(buf, pos)
+ local len = tonumber(string.match(buf, "^(%d+):", pos) or "nil", 10)
+ if not len then
+ return nil, pos
+ end
+ pos = string.find(buf, ":", pos, true) + 1
+
+ local str = buf:sub(pos,pos+len-1)
+ pos = pos+len
+ return str, pos
+end
+
+--- Given a buffer and a starting position in the buffer, this function decodes
+-- a bencoded number there and returns it as a normal lua number, as well as
+-- the position after the number
+local bdec_number = function(buf, pos)
+ local s, n = string.match(buf, "^i(%-*)(%d+)e", pos)
+ if not n then return nil end
+
+ local num = tonumber(n)
+ -- 1 for the "i", 1 for the "e", 1 if there is a "-" plus the length of n
+ pos = pos + 2 + #n
+
+ if s == "-" then
+ num = -num
+ pos = pos + 1
+ end
+
+ return num, pos
+end
+
+--- Parses a bencoded buffer
+-- @param buf, string with the bencoded buffer
+-- @return bool indicating if parsing went ok
+-- @return table containing the decoded structure, or error string
+bdecode = function(buf)
+ local len = #buf
+
+ -- the main table
+ local t = {}
+ local stack = {}
+
+ local pos = 1
+ local cur = {}
+ cur.type = "list"
+ cur.ref = t
+ table.insert(stack, cur)
+ cur.ref.type="list"
+ cur.ref.start = pos
+
+ while pos <= len do
+
+ if cur.type == "list" then
+ -- next element is a string
+ if tonumber( string.char( buf:byte(pos) ) ) then
+ local str
+ str, pos = bdec_string(buf, pos)
+ if not str then return nil, "Error parsing string", pos end
+ table.insert(cur.ref, str)
+
+ -- next element is a number
+ elseif "i" == string.char(buf:byte(pos)) then
+ local num
+ num, pos = bdec_number(buf, pos)
+ if not num then return nil, "Error parsing number", pos end
+ table.insert(cur.ref, num)
+
+ -- next element is a list
+ elseif "l" == string.char(buf:byte(pos)) then
+ local new_list = {}
+ new_list.type="list"
+ table.insert(cur.ref, new_list)
+
+ cur = {}
+ cur.type = "list"
+ cur.ref = new_list
+ cur.ref.start = pos
+ table.insert(stack, cur)
+ pos = pos+1
+
+ --next element is a dict
+ elseif "d" == string.char(buf:byte(pos)) then
+ local new_dict = {}
+ new_dict.type = "dict"
+ table.insert(cur.ref, new_dict)
+
+ cur = {}
+ cur.type = "dict"
+ cur.ref = new_dict
+ cur.ref.start = pos
+ table.insert(stack, cur)
+ pos = pos+1
+
+ --escape from the list
+ elseif "e" == string.char(buf:byte(pos)) then
+ stack[#stack].ref.endpos = pos
+ table.remove(stack, #stack)
+ cur = stack[#stack]
+ if not cur then return nil, "Problem with list closure:", pos end
+ pos = pos+1
+
+ -- trailing whitespace
+ elseif string.match(buf, "^%s*$", pos) then
+ pos = len+1
+ else
+ return nil, "Unknown type found.", pos
+ end
+
+ elseif cur.type == "dict" then
+ local item = {} -- {key = <string>, value = <.*>}
+ -- used to skip reading the value when escaping from a structure
+ local escape_flag = false
+
+ -- fill the key
+ if tonumber( string.char( buf:byte(pos) ) ) then
+ local str
+ local tmp_pos = pos
+ str, pos = bdec_string(buf, pos)
+ if not str then return nil, "Error parsing string.", pos end
+ item.key = str
+ elseif "e" == string.char(buf:byte(pos)) then
+ stack[#stack].ref.endpos = pos
+ table.remove(stack, #stack)
+ cur = stack[#stack]
+ if not cur then return nil, "Problem with list closure:", pos end
+ pos = pos+1
+
+ escape_flag = true
+
+ else
+ return nil, "A dict key has to be a string or escape.", pos
+ end
+
+ if not escape_flag then
+ -- value
+ -- next element is a string
+ if tonumber( string.char( buf:byte(pos) ) ) then
+ local str
+ str, pos = bdec_string(buf, pos)
+ if not str then return nil, "Error parsing string.", pos end
+ item.value = str
+ table.insert(cur.ref, item)
+
+ --next element is a number
+ elseif "i" == string.char(buf:byte(pos)) then
+ local num
+ num, pos = bdec_number(buf, pos)
+ if not num then return nil, "Error parsing number.", pos end
+ item.value = num
+ table.insert(cur.ref, item)
+
+ -- next element is a list
+ elseif "l" == string.char(buf:byte(pos)) then
+ item.value = {}
+ item.value.type = "list"
+ table.insert(cur.ref, item)
+
+ cur = {}
+ cur.type = "list"
+ cur.ref = item.value
+ cur.ref.start = pos
+
+ table.insert(stack, cur)
+ pos = pos+1
+
+ --next element is a dict
+ elseif "d" == string.char(buf:byte(pos)) then
+ item.value = {}
+ item.value.type = "dict"
+ table.insert(cur.ref, item)
+
+ cur = {}
+ cur.type = "dict"
+ cur.ref = item.value
+ cur.ref.start = pos
+
+ table.insert(stack, cur)
+ pos = pos+1
+
+ --escape from the dict
+ elseif "e" == string.char(buf:byte(pos)) then
+ stack[#stack].ref.endpos = pos
+ table.remove(stack, #stack)
+ cur = stack[#stack]
+ if not cur then return false, "Problem with dict closure", pos end
+ pos = pos+1
+ else
+ return false, "Error parsing file, unknown type found", pos
+ end
+ end -- if not escape_flag
+ else -- elseif type == "dict"
+ return false, "Invalid type of structure. Fix the code."
+ end
+ end -- while(true)
+
+ -- The code below is commented out because some responses from trackers are
+ -- not according to standards
+
+ -- next(stack) is never gonna be nil because we're always in the main list
+ -- next(stack, next(stack)) should be nil if we're in the main list
+ -- if next(stack, next(stack)) then
+ -- return false, "Probably file incorrect format"
+ -- end
+
+ return true, t
+end
+
+--- This is the thread function which sends a DHT ping probe to every peer in
+-- pnt.peers_dht_ping after which the peer is moved to the pnt.peers and
+-- removed from pnt.peers_dht_ping. Every peer which responds to the DHT ping
+-- is actually a DHT node and is added to the pnt.nodes_find_node table in
+-- order to be processed byt the find_node_thread(). This operation is done
+-- during the specified timeout which has a default value of about 30 seconds.
+local dht_ping_thread = function(pnt, timeout)
+ local condvar = nmap.condvar(pnt)
+ local socket = nmap.new_socket("udp")
+ socket:set_timeout(3000)
+ local status, data
+
+ local transaction_id = 0
+ local start = os.time()
+
+ while os.time() - start < timeout do
+ local num_peers = 0
+ --ping a 100 peers if there are as many
+
+ while next(pnt.peers_dht_ping) ~= nil and num_peers <= 100 and os.time() - start < timeout do
+ num_peers = num_peers +1
+ local peer_ip, peer_info = next(pnt.peers_dht_ping)
+
+ --transaction ids are 2 bytes long
+ peer_info.transaction_id = string.pack(">I2",transaction_id % 0xffff)
+
+ -- mark it as received so we can distinguish from the others and
+ -- successfully iterate while receiving
+ peer_info.received = false
+
+ pnt.peers[peer_ip] = peer_info
+ pnt.peers_dht_ping[peer_ip] = nil
+
+ -- bencoded ping query describing a dictionary with y = q (query), q = ping
+ -- {"t":<transaction_id>, "y":"q", "q":"ping", "a":{"id":<node_id>}}
+ local ping_query = "d1:ad2:id20:" .. pnt.node_id .. "e1:q4:ping1:t2:" ..
+ peer_info.transaction_id .. "1:y1:qe"
+
+ status, data = socket:sendto(peer_ip, peer_info.port, ping_query)
+
+ transaction_id = transaction_id +1
+ if transaction_id % 0xffff == 0 then
+ transaction_id = 0
+ end
+ end
+
+ -- receive responses up to a 100
+ for c = 1, 100 do
+ if os.time() - start >= timeout then break end
+ status, data = socket:receive()
+ if not status then break end
+
+ local s, r = bdecode(data)
+ -- if the response is decoded process it
+ if s then
+ local error_flag = true
+ local good_response = false
+ local node_id = nil
+ local trans_id = nil
+
+ for _, i in ipairs(r[1]) do
+ if i.key == "y" and i.value == "r" then
+ error_flag = false
+ elseif i.key == "r" and i.value and i.value[1] and i.value[1].value then
+ node_id = i.value[1].value
+ good_response = true
+ elseif i.key == "t" then
+ trans_id = i.value
+ end
+ end
+
+ if (not error_flag) and good_response and node_id and trans_id then
+ local peer_ip
+ for ip, info in pairs(pnt.peers) do
+ if info.transaction_id == trans_id then
+ info.received = nil
+ peer_ip = ip
+ break
+ end
+ end
+ if peer_ip then
+ pnt.peers[peer_ip].node_id = node_id
+ if not (pnt.nodes_find_node[peer_ip] or pnt.nodes_get_peers[peer_ip] or
+ pnt.nodes[peer_ip]) then
+ pnt.nodes_find_node[peer_ip] = pnt.peers[peer_ip]
+ end
+ end
+ end
+ end -- if s then
+ end -- /for c = 1, 100
+ end -- /while true
+ socket:close()
+ condvar("signal")
+end
+
+
+--- This thread sends a DHT find_node query to every node in
+-- pnt.nodes_find_node, after which every node is moved to pnt.nodes_get_peers
+-- to be processed by the get_peers_thread() function. The responses to these
+-- queries contain addresses of other DHT nodes (usually 8) which are added to
+-- the pnt.nodes_find_node list. This action is done for a timeout with a
+-- default value of 30 seconds.
+local find_node_thread = function(pnt, timeout)
+ local condvar = nmap.condvar(pnt)
+ local socket = nmap.new_socket("udp")
+ socket:set_timeout(3000)
+ local status, data
+
+ local start = os.time()
+ while true do
+ if os.time() - start >= timeout then break end
+ local num_peers = 0
+
+ while next(pnt.nodes_find_node) ~= nil and num_peers <= 100 do
+ num_peers = num_peers +1
+ local node_ip, node_info = next(pnt.nodes_find_node)
+
+ -- standard bittorrent protocol specified find_node query with y = q (query),
+ -- q = "find_node" (type of query),
+ -- find_node Query = {"t":<transaction_id>, "y":"q", "q":"find_node", "a": {"id":<node_id>, "target":<info_hash>}}
+ local find_node_query = "d1:ad2:id20:" .. pnt.node_id .. "6:target20:" ..
+ pnt.info_hash .. "e1:q9:find_node1:t2:" .. rand.random_string(2) .. "1:y1:qe"
+
+ -- add the traversed nodes to pnt.nodes_get_peers so they can be traversed by get_peers_thread
+ pnt.nodes_get_peers[node_ip] = node_info
+ pnt.nodes_find_node[node_ip] = nil
+
+ status, data = socket:sendto(node_ip, node_info.port, find_node_query)
+ end
+
+ for c = 1, 100 do
+ if os.time() - start >= timeout then break end
+ status, data = socket:receive()
+ if not status then break end
+ local s, r = bdecode(data)
+
+ if s then
+ local nodes = nil
+ if r[1] and r[1][1] and r[1][1].key == "r" and r[1][1].value then
+ for _, el in ipairs(r[1][1].value) do
+ if el.key == "nodes" then
+ nodes = el.value
+ end
+ end
+ end
+
+ --parse the nodes an add them to pnt.nodes_find_node
+ if nodes then
+ local pos = 1
+ while pos < #nodes do
+ local node_id, node_ip, node_port
+ node_id, node_ip, node_port, pos = string.unpack(">c20 I4 I2", nodes, pos)
+ node_ip = ipOps.fromdword(node_ip)
+
+ local node_info = {
+ port = node_port,
+ node_id = node_id,
+ }
+
+ if not (pnt.nodes[node_ip] or pnt.nodes_get_peers[node_ip]
+ or pnt.nodes_find_node[node_ip]) then
+ pnt.nodes_find_node[node_ip] = node_info
+ end
+ end
+ end -- if nodes
+ end -- if s
+ end -- for c = 1, 100
+ end -- while true
+ socket:close()
+ condvar("signal")
+end
+
+
+--- This thread sends get_peers DHT queries to all the nodes in
+-- pnt.nodes_get_peers, after which they are moved to pnt.nodes. There are two
+-- kinds of responses to these kinds of queries. One response contains peers,
+-- which would be added to the pnt.peers_dht_ping list, and the other kind of
+-- response is sent when the queried node has no peers, and contains more nodes
+-- which are added to the pnt.nodes_find_node list.
+local get_peers_thread = function(pnt, timeout)
+ local condvar = nmap.condvar(pnt)
+ local socket = nmap.new_socket("udp")
+ socket:set_timeout(3000)
+ local status, data
+
+ local start = os.time()
+ while true do
+ if os.time() - start >= timeout then break end
+ local num_peers = 0
+
+ while next(pnt.nodes_get_peers) ~= nil and num_peers <= 100 do
+ num_peers = num_peers +1
+ local node_ip, node_info = next(pnt.nodes_get_peers)
+
+ -- standard bittorrent protocol specified get_peers query with y ="q" (query)
+ -- and q = "get_peers" (type of query)
+ -- {"t":<transaction_id>, "y":"q", "q":"get_peers", "a": {"id":<node_id>, "info_hash":<info_hash>}}
+ local get_peers_query = "d1:ad2:id20:" .. pnt.node_id .. "9:info_hash20:" ..
+ pnt.info_hash .. "e1:q9:get_peers1:t2:" .. rand.random_string(2) .. "1:y1:qe"
+
+ pnt.nodes[node_ip] = node_info
+ pnt.nodes_get_peers[node_ip] = nil
+
+ status, data = socket:sendto(node_ip, node_info.port, get_peers_query)
+ end
+
+ for c = 1, 100 do
+ if os.time() - start >= timeout then break end
+ status, data = socket:receive()
+ if not status then break end
+ local s, r = bdecode(data)
+
+ if s then
+ local good_response = false
+ local nodes = nil
+ local peers = nil
+ for _,el in ipairs(r[1]) do
+ if el.key == "y" and el.value == "r" then
+ good_response = true
+ elseif el.key == "r" then
+ for _,i in ipairs(el.value) do
+ -- the key will either be for nodes or peers
+ if i.key == "nodes" then -- nodes
+ nodes = i.value
+ break
+ elseif i.key == "values" then -- peers
+ peers = i.value
+ break
+ end
+ end
+ end
+ end
+
+ if not good_response then
+ break
+ end
+
+ if nodes then
+
+ local pos = 1
+ while pos < #nodes do
+ local node_id, node_ip, node_port
+ node_id, node_ip, node_port, pos = string.unpack(">c20 I4 I2", nodes, pos)
+ node_ip = ipOps.fromdword(node_ip)
+
+ local node_info = {
+ port = node_port,
+ node_id = node_id,
+ }
+
+ if not (pnt.nodes[node_ip] or pnt.nodes_get_peers[node_ip] or
+ pnt.nodes_find_node[node_ip]) then
+ pnt.nodes_find_node[node_ip] = node_info
+ end
+ end
+
+ elseif peers then
+
+ for _, peer in ipairs(peers) do
+ local ip, port = string.unpack(">I4 I2", peer)
+ ip = ipOps.fromdword(ip)
+
+ if not (pnt.peers[ip] or pnt.peers_dht_ping[ip]) then
+ pnt.peers_dht_ping[ip] = {}
+ pnt.peers_dht_ping[ip].port = port
+ end
+ end
+
+ end -- if nodes / elseif peers
+ end -- if s then
+ end -- for c = 1,100
+ end -- while true
+ socket:close()
+ condvar("signal")
+end
+
+
+
+Torrent =
+{
+ new = function(self)
+ local o ={}
+ setmetatable(o, self)
+ self.__index = self
+
+ self.buffer = nil -- buffer to keep the torrent
+ self.tor_struct = nil -- the decoded structure from the bencoded buffer
+
+ self.trackers = {} -- list of trackers {"tr1", "tr2", "tr3"...}
+ self.port = 6881 -- port on which our peer "listens" / it doesn't actually listen
+ self.size = nil -- size of the files in the torrent
+
+ self.info_buf = nil --buffer for info_hash
+ self.info_hash = nil --info_hash binary string
+ self.info_hash_url = nil --info_hash escaped
+
+ self.peers = {} -- peers = { [ip1] = {port1, id1}, [ip2] = {port2, id2}, ...}
+ self.nodes = {} -- nodes = { [ip1] = {port1, id1}, [ip2] = {port2, id2}, ...}
+ return o
+ end,
+
+ --- Loads trackers and similar information for a torrent from a magnet link.
+ load_from_magnet = function(self, magnet)
+ local info_hash_hex = magnet:match("^magnet:%?xt=urn:btih:(%w+)&")
+ if not info_hash_hex then
+ return false, "Erroneous magnet link"
+ end
+ self.info_hash = stdnse.fromhex(info_hash_hex)
+
+ local pos = #info_hash_hex + 21
+ local name = magnet:sub(pos,#magnet):match("^&dn=(.-)&")
+ if name then
+ pos = pos + 4 + #name
+ end
+ magnet = magnet:sub(pos,#magnet)
+ for tracker in magnet:gmatch("&tr=([^&]+)") do
+ local trac = url.unescape(tracker)
+ table.insert(self.trackers, trac)
+ end
+ self.size = 50
+ end,
+
+ --- Reads a torrent file, loads self.buffer and parses it using
+ -- self:parse_buffer(), then self:calc_info_hash()
+ --
+ -- @param filename, string containing filename of the torrent file
+ -- @return boolean indicating whether loading went alright
+ -- @return err string with error message if loadin went wrong
+ load_from_file = function(self, filename)
+ if not filename then return false, "No filename specified." end
+
+ local file = io.open(filename, "r")
+ if not file then return false, "Cannot open file: "..filename end
+
+ self.buffer = file:read("a")
+ file:close()
+
+ local status, err = self:parse_buffer()
+ if not status then
+ return false, "Could not parse file: ".. err
+ end
+
+ status, err = self:calc_info_hash()
+ if not status then
+ return false, "Could not calculate info_hash: " .. err
+ end
+
+ status, err = self:load_trackers()
+ if not status then
+ return false, "Could not load trackers: " .. err
+ end
+
+ status, err = self:calc_torrent_size()
+ if not status then
+ if not err then err = "" end
+ return false, "Could not calculate torrent size: " .. err
+ end
+
+ return true
+ end,
+
+ --- Gets peers available from the loaded trackers
+ trackers_peers = function(self)
+ for _, tracker in ipairs(self.trackers) do
+ local status, err
+
+ if tracker:match("^http://") then -- http tracker
+ status, err = self:http_tracker_peers(tracker)
+ if not status then
+ stdnse.debug1("Could not get peers from tracker %s, reason: %s",tracker, err)
+ end
+ elseif tracker:match("^udp://") then -- udp tracker
+ status, err = self:udp_tracker_peers(tracker)
+ if not status then
+ stdnse.debug1("Could not get peers from tracker %s, reason: %s",tracker, err)
+ end
+ else -- unknown tracker
+ stdnse.debug1("Unknown tracker protocol for: %s", tracker)
+ end
+ --if not status then return false, err end
+ end
+
+ return true
+ end,
+
+ --- Runs the three threads which do a DHT discovery of nodes and peers.
+ --
+ -- The default timeout for this discovery is 30 seconds but it can be
+ -- set through the timeout argument.
+ dht_peers = function(self, timeout)
+ stdnse.debug1("bittorrent: Starting DHT peers discovery")
+
+ if next(self.peers) == nil then
+ stdnse.debug1("bittorrent: No peers detected")
+ return
+ end
+
+ if not timeout or type(timeout)~="number" then timeout = 30 end
+
+ -- peer node table a.k.a. the condvar!
+ local pnt = {}
+ pnt.peers = {}
+ pnt.peers_dht_ping = self.peers
+
+ pnt.nodes = {}
+ pnt.nodes_get_peers = {}
+ pnt.nodes_find_node = self.nodes
+
+ pnt.node_id = rand.random_string(20)
+ pnt.info_hash = self.info_hash
+
+ local condvar = nmap.condvar(pnt)
+
+ local dht_ping_co = stdnse.new_thread(dht_ping_thread, pnt, timeout)
+ local find_node_co = stdnse.new_thread(find_node_thread, pnt, timeout)
+ local get_peers_co = stdnse.new_thread(get_peers_thread, pnt, timeout)
+
+ while true do
+ stdnse.sleep(0.5)
+ if coroutine.status(dht_ping_co) == "dead" and
+ coroutine.status(find_node_co) == "dead" and
+ coroutine.status(get_peers_co) == "dead" then
+ break
+ end
+ end
+
+ self.peers = pnt.peers
+ self.nodes = pnt.nodes
+
+ -- Add some residue nodes and peers
+ for peer_ip, peer_info in pairs(pnt.peers_dht_ping) do
+ if not self.peers[peer_ip] then
+ self.peers[peer_ip] = peer_info
+ end
+ end
+ for node_ip, node_info in pairs(pnt.nodes_find_node) do
+ if not self.nodes[node_ip] then
+ self.nodes[node_ip] = node_info
+ end
+ end
+ for node_ip, node_info in pairs(pnt.nodes_get_peers) do
+ if not self.nodes[node_ip] then
+ self.nodes[node_ip] = node_info
+ end
+ end
+ end,
+
+ --- Parses self.buffer, fills self.tor_struct, self.info_buf
+ --
+ -- This function is similar to the bdecode function but it has a few
+ -- additions for calculating torrent file specific fields
+ parse_buffer = function(self)
+ local status, t = bdecode(self.buffer)
+ if not status then
+ return status, t
+ end
+ self.tor_struct = t
+
+ for _, i in ipairs(t[1]) do
+ if i.key == "info" then
+ self.info_buf = self.buffer:sub(i.value.start, i.value.endpos)
+ break
+ end
+ end
+
+ return true
+ end,
+
+ --- Loads the list of trackers in self.trackers from self.tor_struct
+ load_trackers = function(self)
+ local tor = self.tor_struct
+ local trackers = {}
+ self.trackers = trackers
+
+ -- load the announce tracker
+ if tor and tor[1] and tor[1][1] and tor[1][1].key and
+ tor[1][1].key == "announce" and tor[1][1].value then
+
+ if tor[1][1].value.type and tor[1][1].value.type == "list" then
+ for _, trac in ipairs(tor[1][1].value) do
+ table.insert(trackers, trac)
+ end
+ else
+ table.insert(trackers, tor[1][1].value)
+ end
+ else
+ return nil, "Announce field not found"
+ end
+
+ -- load the announce-list trackers
+ if tor[1][2] and tor[1][2].key and tor[1][2].key == "announce-list" and tor[1][2].value then
+ for _, trac_list in ipairs(tor[1][2].value) do
+ if trac_list.type and trac_list.type == "list" then
+ for _, trac in ipairs(trac_list) do
+ table.insert(trackers, trac)
+ end
+ else
+ table.insert(trackers, trac_list)
+ end
+ end
+ end
+
+ return true
+ end,
+
+ --- Calculates the size of the torrent in bytes
+ -- @param tor, decoded bencoded torrent file structure
+ calc_torrent_size = function(self)
+ local tor = self.tor_struct
+ local size = nil
+ if tor[1].type ~= "dict" then return nil, "first element not a dict" end
+ for _, m in ipairs(tor[1]) do
+ if m.key == "info" then
+ if m.value.type ~= "dict" then return nil, "info is not a dict" end
+ for _, n in ipairs(m.value) do
+ if n.key == "files" then
+ size = 0
+ for _, f in ipairs(n.value) do
+ for _, k in ipairs(f) do
+ if k.key == "length" then
+ size = size + k.value
+ break
+ end
+ end
+ end
+ break
+ elseif n.key == "length" then
+ size = n.value
+ break
+ end
+ end
+ end
+ end
+ self.size=size
+ if size == 0 then return false, "size is zero" end
+ return true
+ end,
+
+ --- Calculates the info hash using self.info_buf.
+ --
+ -- The info_hash value is used in many communication transactions for
+ -- identifying the file shared among the bittorrent peers
+ calc_info_hash = function(self)
+ local info_hash = openssl.sha1(self.info_buf)
+ self.info_hash_url = url.escape(info_hash)
+ self.info_hash = info_hash
+ self.info_buf = nil
+ return true
+ end,
+
+ --- Generates a peer_id similar to the ones generated by Ktorrent version 4.1.1
+ generate_peer_id = function(self)
+ -- let's fool trackers that we use ktorrent just in case they control
+ -- which client they give peers to
+ local fingerprint = "-KT4110-"
+ local chars = {}
+ -- the full length of a peer_id is 20 bytes but we already have 8 from the fingerprint
+ return fingerprint .. rand.random_string(12,
+ "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789")
+ end,
+
+ --- Gets the peers from a http tracker when supplied the URL of the tracker
+ http_tracker_peers = function(self, tracker)
+ local url, trac_port, url_ext = tracker:match("^http://(.-):(%d-)(/.*)")
+ if not url then
+ --probably no port specification
+ url, url_ext = tracker:match("^http://(.-)(/.*)")
+ trac_port = "80"
+ end
+
+ trac_port = tonumber(trac_port)
+ -- a http torrent tracker request specifying the info_hash of the torrent, our random
+ -- generated peer_id (with some mods), notifying the tracker that we are just starting
+ -- to download the torrent, with 0 downloaded and 0 uploaded bytes, an as many bytes
+ -- left to download as the size of the torrent, requesting 200 peers in a compact format
+ -- because some trackers refuse connection if they are not explicitly requested that way
+ local request = "?info_hash=" .. self.info_hash_url .. "&peer_id=" .. self:generate_peer_id() ..
+ "&port=" .. self.port .. "&uploaded=0&downloaded=0&left=" .. self.size ..
+ "&event=started&numwant=200&compact=1"
+
+ local response = http.get(url, trac_port, url_ext .. request, nil)
+
+ if not response or not response.body then
+ return false, "No response from tracker: " .. tracker
+ end
+
+ local status, t = bdecode(response.body)
+
+ if not status then
+ return false, "Could not parse response:"..t
+ end
+
+ if not t[1] then
+ return nil, "No response from server."
+ end
+
+ for _, k in ipairs(t[1]) do
+ if k.key == "peers" and type(k.value) == "string" then
+ -- binary peers
+ local pos=1
+ while pos < #k.value do
+ local ip, port
+ ip, port, pos = string.unpack(">I4 I2", k.value, pos)
+ ip = ipOps.fromdword(ip)
+
+ if not self.peers[ip] then
+ self.peers[ip] = {}
+ self.peers[ip].port = port
+ end
+ end
+ break
+ elseif k.key == "peers" and type(k.value) == "table" then
+ -- table peers
+ for _, peer_table in ipairs(k.value) do
+ local peer = {}
+ for _, f in ipairs(peer_table) do
+ if f.key == "peer_id" then
+ peer.id = f.value
+ elseif f.key == "ip" then
+ peer.ip = f.value
+ elseif f.key == "port" then
+ peer.port = f.value
+ end
+ end
+ if not peer.id then peer.id = "" end
+ if not self.peers[peer.ip] then
+ self.peers[peer.ip] = {}
+ self.peers[peer.ip].port = peer.port
+ self.peers[peer.ip].id = peer.id
+ else
+ self.peers[peer.ip].port = peer.port
+ end
+ end
+ break
+ end
+ end
+
+ return true
+ end,
+
+ --- Gets the peers from udp trackers when supplied the URL of the tracker.
+ --
+ -- First we establish a connection to the udp server and then we can request
+ -- peers. For a good specification refer to:
+ -- http://www.rasterbar.com/products/libtorrent/udp_tracker_protocol.html
+ udp_tracker_peers = function(self, tracker)
+ local host, port = tracker:match("^udp://(.-):(%d+)")
+ port = tonumber(port)
+ if (not host) or (not port) then
+ return false, "Could not parse tracker url"
+ end
+
+ local socket = nmap.new_socket("udp")
+
+ -- The initial connection parameters' variables have hello_ prefixed names
+ local hello_transaction_id = rand.random_string(4)
+ local hello_packet = "\0\0\x04\x17\x27\x10\x19\x80" -- identification of the protocol
+ .. "\0\0\0\0" -- 0 for a connection request
+ .. hello_transaction_id
+ local status, msg = socket:sendto(host, port, hello_packet)
+ if not status then return false, msg end
+
+ status, msg = socket:receive()
+ if not status then return false, "Could not connect to tracker:"..tracker.." reason:"..msg end
+
+ local r_action, r_transaction_id, r_connection_id =string.unpack(">I4c4c8",msg)
+
+ if not (r_transaction_id == hello_transaction_id) then
+ return false, "Received transaction ID not equivalent to sent transaction ID"
+ end
+
+ -- the action in the response has to be 0 too
+ if r_action ~= 0 then
+ return false, "Wrong action field, usually caused by an erroneous request"
+ end
+
+ -- established a connection, and now for an announce message, to which a
+ -- response holds the peers
+
+ -- the announce connection parameters' variables are prefixed with a_
+ local a_action = 1 -- 1 for announce
+ local a_transaction_id = rand.random_string(4)
+ local a_info_hash = self.info_hash -- info_hash of the torrent
+ local a_peer_id = self:generate_peer_id()
+ local a_downloaded = 0 -- 0 bytes downloaded
+
+ local a_left = self.size -- bytes left to download is the size of torrent
+
+ local a_uploaded = 0 -- 0 bytes uploaded
+ local a_event = 2 -- value of 2 for started torrent
+ local a_ip = 0 -- not necessary to specify our ip since it's resolved
+ -- by tracker automatically
+ local a_key = rand.random_string(4)
+ local a_num_want = 0xFFFFFFFF -- request for many many peers
+ local a_port = 6881 -- the port "we are listening on"
+ local a_extensions = 0 -- client recognizes no extensions of the bittorrent proto
+ local announce_packet = string.pack(">c8 I4 c4 c40 c20 I8 I8 I8 I4 I4 c4 I4 I2 I2",
+ r_connection_id, a_action, a_transaction_id,
+ a_info_hash, a_peer_id, a_downloaded, a_left, a_uploaded, a_event, a_ip, a_key,
+ a_num_want, a_port, a_extensions)
+
+ status, msg = socket:sendto(host, port, announce_packet)
+ if not status then
+ return false, "Couldn't send announce message, reason: "..msg
+ end
+
+ status, msg = socket:receive()
+ if not status then
+ return false, "Didn't receive response to announce message, reason: "..msg
+ end
+ local p_action, p_transaction_id, p_interval, p_leechers, p_seeders, pos = string.unpack(">I4 c4 I4 I4 I4",msg)
+
+ -- the action field in the response has to be 1 (like the sent response)
+ if not (p_action == 1) then
+ return false, "Action in response to announce erroneous"
+ end
+ if not (p_transaction_id == a_transaction_id) then
+ return false, "Transaction ID in response to announce message not equal to original"
+ end
+
+ -- parse peers from msg:sub(pos, #msg)
+
+ while pos < #msg do
+ local ip, port
+ ip, port, pos = string.unpack(">I4 I2", msg, pos)
+ ip = ipOps.fromdword(ip)
+ if not self.peers[ip] then
+ self.peers[ip] = {}
+ end
+ self.peers[ip].port = port
+ end
+
+ return true
+ end
+}
+
+
+
+return _ENV;
generated by cgit v1.2.3 (git 2.39.1) at 2024-12-22 09:00:14 +0000