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diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/html/sql-begin.html b/doc/src/sgml/html/sql-begin.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0b1794f --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/src/sgml/html/sql-begin.html @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>BEGIN</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="pgsql-docs@lists.postgresql.org" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /><link rel="prev" href="sql-analyze.html" title="ANALYZE" /><link rel="next" href="sql-call.html" title="CALL" /></head><body id="docContent" class="container-fluid col-10"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">BEGIN</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="sql-analyze.html" title="ANALYZE">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="sql-commands.html" title="SQL Commands">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">SQL Commands</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 15.4 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="sql-call.html" title="CALL">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="refentry" id="SQL-BEGIN"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.3.47.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle">BEGIN</span></h2><p>BEGIN — start a transaction block</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><pre class="synopsis"> +BEGIN [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] [ <em class="replaceable"><code>transaction_mode</code></em> [, ...] ] + +<span class="phrase">where <em class="replaceable"><code>transaction_mode</code></em> is one of:</span> + + ISOLATION LEVEL { SERIALIZABLE | REPEATABLE READ | READ COMMITTED | READ UNCOMMITTED } + READ WRITE | READ ONLY + [ NOT ] DEFERRABLE +</pre></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.3.47.5"><h2>Description</h2><p> + <code class="command">BEGIN</code> initiates a transaction block, that is, + all statements after a <code class="command">BEGIN</code> command will be + executed in a single transaction until an explicit <a class="link" href="sql-commit.html" title="COMMIT"><code class="command">COMMIT</code></a> or <a class="link" href="sql-rollback.html" title="ROLLBACK"><code class="command">ROLLBACK</code></a> is given. + By default (without <code class="command">BEGIN</code>), + <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> executes + transactions in <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">autocommit</span>”</span> mode, that is, each + statement is executed in its own transaction and a commit is + implicitly performed at the end of the statement (if execution was + successful, otherwise a rollback is done). + </p><p> + Statements are executed more quickly in a transaction block, because + transaction start/commit requires significant CPU and disk + activity. Execution of multiple statements inside a transaction is + also useful to ensure consistency when making several related changes: + other sessions will be unable to see the intermediate states + wherein not all the related updates have been done. + </p><p> + If the isolation level, read/write mode, or deferrable mode is specified, the new + transaction has those characteristics, as if + <a class="link" href="sql-set-transaction.html" title="SET TRANSACTION"><code class="command">SET TRANSACTION</code></a> + was executed. + </p></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.3.47.6"><h2>Parameters</h2><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term"><code class="literal">WORK</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="literal">TRANSACTION</code></span></dt><dd><p> + Optional key words. They have no effect. + </p></dd></dl></div><p> + Refer to <a class="xref" href="sql-set-transaction.html" title="SET TRANSACTION"><span class="refentrytitle">SET TRANSACTION</span></a> for information on the meaning + of the other parameters to this statement. + </p></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.3.47.7"><h2>Notes</h2><p> + <a class="link" href="sql-start-transaction.html" title="START TRANSACTION"><code class="command">START TRANSACTION</code></a> has the same functionality + as <code class="command">BEGIN</code>. + </p><p> + Use <a class="link" href="sql-commit.html" title="COMMIT"><code class="command">COMMIT</code></a> or + <a class="link" href="sql-rollback.html" title="ROLLBACK"><code class="command">ROLLBACK</code></a> + to terminate a transaction block. + </p><p> + Issuing <code class="command">BEGIN</code> when already inside a transaction block will + provoke a warning message. The state of the transaction is not affected. + To nest transactions within a transaction block, use savepoints + (see <a class="xref" href="sql-savepoint.html" title="SAVEPOINT"><span class="refentrytitle">SAVEPOINT</span></a>). + </p><p> + For reasons of backwards compatibility, the commas between successive + <em class="replaceable"><code>transaction_modes</code></em> can be + omitted. + </p></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.3.47.8"><h2>Examples</h2><p> + To begin a transaction block: + +</p><pre class="programlisting"> +BEGIN; +</pre></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.3.47.9"><h2>Compatibility</h2><p> + <code class="command">BEGIN</code> is a <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> + language extension. It is equivalent to the SQL-standard command + <a class="link" href="sql-start-transaction.html" title="START TRANSACTION"><code class="command">START TRANSACTION</code></a>, whose reference page + contains additional compatibility information. + </p><p> + The <code class="literal">DEFERRABLE</code> + <em class="replaceable"><code>transaction_mode</code></em> + is a <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> language extension. + </p><p> + Incidentally, the <code class="literal">BEGIN</code> key word is used for a + different purpose in embedded SQL. You are advised to be careful + about the transaction semantics when porting database applications. + </p></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.3.47.10"><h2>See Also</h2><span class="simplelist"><a class="xref" href="sql-commit.html" title="COMMIT"><span class="refentrytitle">COMMIT</span></a>, <a class="xref" href="sql-rollback.html" title="ROLLBACK"><span class="refentrytitle">ROLLBACK</span></a>, <a class="xref" href="sql-start-transaction.html" title="START TRANSACTION"><span class="refentrytitle">START TRANSACTION</span></a>, <a class="xref" href="sql-savepoint.html" title="SAVEPOINT"><span class="refentrytitle">SAVEPOINT</span></a></span></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="sql-analyze.html" title="ANALYZE">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="sql-commands.html" title="SQL Commands">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="sql-call.html" title="CALL">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">ANALYZE </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 15.4 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> CALL</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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