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+/*
+ * 1.test CREATE INDEX
+ *
+ * Deliberately avoid dropping objects in this section, to get some pg_dump
+ * coverage.
+ */
+
+-- Regular index with included columns
+CREATE TABLE tbl_include_reg (c1 int, c2 int, c3 int, c4 box);
+INSERT INTO tbl_include_reg SELECT x, 2*x, 3*x, box('4,4,4,4') FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+CREATE INDEX tbl_include_reg_idx ON tbl_include_reg (c1, c2) INCLUDE (c3, c4);
+-- duplicate column is pretty pointless, but we allow it anyway
+CREATE INDEX ON tbl_include_reg (c1, c2) INCLUDE (c1, c3);
+SELECT pg_get_indexdef(i.indexrelid)
+FROM pg_index i JOIN pg_class c ON i.indexrelid = c.oid
+WHERE i.indrelid = 'tbl_include_reg'::regclass ORDER BY c.relname;
+\d tbl_include_reg_idx
+
+-- Unique index and unique constraint
+CREATE TABLE tbl_include_unique1 (c1 int, c2 int, c3 int, c4 box);
+INSERT INTO tbl_include_unique1 SELECT x, 2*x, 3*x, box('4,4,4,4') FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX tbl_include_unique1_idx_unique ON tbl_include_unique1 using btree (c1, c2) INCLUDE (c3, c4);
+ALTER TABLE tbl_include_unique1 add UNIQUE USING INDEX tbl_include_unique1_idx_unique;
+ALTER TABLE tbl_include_unique1 add UNIQUE (c1, c2) INCLUDE (c3, c4);
+SELECT pg_get_indexdef(i.indexrelid)
+FROM pg_index i JOIN pg_class c ON i.indexrelid = c.oid
+WHERE i.indrelid = 'tbl_include_unique1'::regclass ORDER BY c.relname;
+
+-- Unique index and unique constraint. Both must fail.
+CREATE TABLE tbl_include_unique2 (c1 int, c2 int, c3 int, c4 box);
+INSERT INTO tbl_include_unique2 SELECT 1, 2, 3*x, box('4,4,4,4') FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX tbl_include_unique2_idx_unique ON tbl_include_unique2 using btree (c1, c2) INCLUDE (c3, c4);
+ALTER TABLE tbl_include_unique2 add UNIQUE (c1, c2) INCLUDE (c3, c4);
+
+-- PK constraint
+CREATE TABLE tbl_include_pk (c1 int, c2 int, c3 int, c4 box);
+INSERT INTO tbl_include_pk SELECT 1, 2*x, 3*x, box('4,4,4,4') FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+ALTER TABLE tbl_include_pk add PRIMARY KEY (c1, c2) INCLUDE (c3, c4);
+SELECT pg_get_indexdef(i.indexrelid)
+FROM pg_index i JOIN pg_class c ON i.indexrelid = c.oid
+WHERE i.indrelid = 'tbl_include_pk'::regclass ORDER BY c.relname;
+
+CREATE TABLE tbl_include_box (c1 int, c2 int, c3 int, c4 box);
+INSERT INTO tbl_include_box SELECT 1, 2*x, 3*x, box('4,4,4,4') FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX tbl_include_box_idx_unique ON tbl_include_box using btree (c1, c2) INCLUDE (c3, c4);
+ALTER TABLE tbl_include_box add PRIMARY KEY USING INDEX tbl_include_box_idx_unique;
+SELECT pg_get_indexdef(i.indexrelid)
+FROM pg_index i JOIN pg_class c ON i.indexrelid = c.oid
+WHERE i.indrelid = 'tbl_include_box'::regclass ORDER BY c.relname;
+
+-- PK constraint. Must fail.
+CREATE TABLE tbl_include_box_pk (c1 int, c2 int, c3 int, c4 box);
+INSERT INTO tbl_include_box_pk SELECT 1, 2, 3*x, box('4,4,4,4') FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+ALTER TABLE tbl_include_box_pk add PRIMARY KEY (c1, c2) INCLUDE (c3, c4);
+
+
+/*
+ * 2. Test CREATE TABLE with constraint
+ */
+CREATE TABLE tbl (c1 int,c2 int, c3 int, c4 box,
+ CONSTRAINT covering UNIQUE(c1,c2) INCLUDE(c3,c4));
+SELECT indexrelid::regclass, indnatts, indnkeyatts, indisunique, indisprimary, indkey, indclass FROM pg_index WHERE indrelid = 'tbl'::regclass::oid;
+SELECT pg_get_constraintdef(oid), conname, conkey FROM pg_constraint WHERE conrelid = 'tbl'::regclass::oid;
+-- ensure that constraint works
+INSERT INTO tbl SELECT 1, 2, 3*x, box('4,4,4,4') FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+DROP TABLE tbl;
+
+CREATE TABLE tbl (c1 int,c2 int, c3 int, c4 box,
+ CONSTRAINT covering PRIMARY KEY(c1,c2) INCLUDE(c3,c4));
+SELECT indexrelid::regclass, indnatts, indnkeyatts, indisunique, indisprimary, indkey, indclass FROM pg_index WHERE indrelid = 'tbl'::regclass::oid;
+SELECT pg_get_constraintdef(oid), conname, conkey FROM pg_constraint WHERE conrelid = 'tbl'::regclass::oid;
+-- ensure that constraint works
+INSERT INTO tbl SELECT 1, 2, 3*x, box('4,4,4,4') FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+INSERT INTO tbl SELECT 1, NULL, 3*x, box('4,4,4,4') FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+INSERT INTO tbl SELECT x, 2*x, NULL, NULL FROM generate_series(1,300) AS x;
+explain (costs off)
+select * from tbl where (c1,c2,c3) < (2,5,1);
+select * from tbl where (c1,c2,c3) < (2,5,1);
+-- row comparison that compares high key at page boundary
+SET enable_seqscan = off;
+explain (costs off)
+select * from tbl where (c1,c2,c3) < (262,1,1) limit 1;
+select * from tbl where (c1,c2,c3) < (262,1,1) limit 1;
+DROP TABLE tbl;
+RESET enable_seqscan;
+
+CREATE TABLE tbl (c1 int,c2 int, c3 int, c4 box,
+ UNIQUE(c1,c2) INCLUDE(c3,c4));
+SELECT indexrelid::regclass, indnatts, indnkeyatts, indisunique, indisprimary, indkey, indclass FROM pg_index WHERE indrelid = 'tbl'::regclass::oid;
+SELECT pg_get_constraintdef(oid), conname, conkey FROM pg_constraint WHERE conrelid = 'tbl'::regclass::oid;
+-- ensure that constraint works
+INSERT INTO tbl SELECT 1, 2, 3*x, box('4,4,4,4') FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+DROP TABLE tbl;
+
+CREATE TABLE tbl (c1 int,c2 int, c3 int, c4 box,
+ PRIMARY KEY(c1,c2) INCLUDE(c3,c4));
+SELECT indexrelid::regclass, indnatts, indnkeyatts, indisunique, indisprimary, indkey, indclass FROM pg_index WHERE indrelid = 'tbl'::regclass::oid;
+SELECT pg_get_constraintdef(oid), conname, conkey FROM pg_constraint WHERE conrelid = 'tbl'::regclass::oid;
+-- ensure that constraint works
+INSERT INTO tbl SELECT 1, 2, 3*x, box('4,4,4,4') FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+INSERT INTO tbl SELECT 1, NULL, 3*x, box('4,4,4,4') FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+INSERT INTO tbl SELECT x, 2*x, NULL, NULL FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+DROP TABLE tbl;
+
+CREATE TABLE tbl (c1 int,c2 int, c3 int, c4 box,
+ EXCLUDE USING btree (c1 WITH =) INCLUDE(c3,c4));
+SELECT indexrelid::regclass, indnatts, indnkeyatts, indisunique, indisprimary, indkey, indclass FROM pg_index WHERE indrelid = 'tbl'::regclass::oid;
+SELECT pg_get_constraintdef(oid), conname, conkey FROM pg_constraint WHERE conrelid = 'tbl'::regclass::oid;
+-- ensure that constraint works
+INSERT INTO tbl SELECT 1, 2, 3*x, box('4,4,4,4') FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+INSERT INTO tbl SELECT x, 2*x, NULL, NULL FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+DROP TABLE tbl;
+
+/*
+ * 3.0 Test ALTER TABLE DROP COLUMN.
+ * Any column deletion leads to index deletion.
+ */
+CREATE TABLE tbl (c1 int,c2 int, c3 int, c4 int);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX tbl_idx ON tbl using btree(c1, c2, c3, c4);
+SELECT indexdef FROM pg_indexes WHERE tablename = 'tbl' ORDER BY indexname;
+ALTER TABLE tbl DROP COLUMN c3;
+SELECT indexdef FROM pg_indexes WHERE tablename = 'tbl' ORDER BY indexname;
+DROP TABLE tbl;
+
+/*
+ * 3.1 Test ALTER TABLE DROP COLUMN.
+ * Included column deletion leads to the index deletion,
+ * AS well AS key columns deletion. It's explained in documentation.
+ */
+CREATE TABLE tbl (c1 int,c2 int, c3 int, c4 box);
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX tbl_idx ON tbl using btree(c1, c2) INCLUDE(c3,c4);
+SELECT indexdef FROM pg_indexes WHERE tablename = 'tbl' ORDER BY indexname;
+ALTER TABLE tbl DROP COLUMN c3;
+SELECT indexdef FROM pg_indexes WHERE tablename = 'tbl' ORDER BY indexname;
+DROP TABLE tbl;
+
+/*
+ * 3.2 Test ALTER TABLE DROP COLUMN.
+ * Included column deletion leads to the index deletion.
+ * AS well AS key columns deletion. It's explained in documentation.
+ */
+CREATE TABLE tbl (c1 int,c2 int, c3 int, c4 box, UNIQUE(c1, c2) INCLUDE(c3,c4));
+SELECT indexdef FROM pg_indexes WHERE tablename = 'tbl' ORDER BY indexname;
+ALTER TABLE tbl DROP COLUMN c3;
+SELECT indexdef FROM pg_indexes WHERE tablename = 'tbl' ORDER BY indexname;
+ALTER TABLE tbl DROP COLUMN c1;
+SELECT indexdef FROM pg_indexes WHERE tablename = 'tbl' ORDER BY indexname;
+DROP TABLE tbl;
+
+/*
+ * 3.3 Test ALTER TABLE SET STATISTICS
+ */
+CREATE TABLE tbl (c1 int, c2 int);
+CREATE INDEX tbl_idx ON tbl (c1, (c1+0)) INCLUDE (c2);
+ALTER INDEX tbl_idx ALTER COLUMN 1 SET STATISTICS 1000;
+ALTER INDEX tbl_idx ALTER COLUMN 2 SET STATISTICS 1000;
+ALTER INDEX tbl_idx ALTER COLUMN 3 SET STATISTICS 1000;
+ALTER INDEX tbl_idx ALTER COLUMN 4 SET STATISTICS 1000;
+DROP TABLE tbl;
+
+/*
+ * 4. CREATE INDEX CONCURRENTLY
+ */
+CREATE TABLE tbl (c1 int,c2 int, c3 int, c4 box, UNIQUE(c1, c2) INCLUDE(c3,c4));
+INSERT INTO tbl SELECT x, 2*x, 3*x, box('4,4,4,4') FROM generate_series(1,1000) AS x;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX CONCURRENTLY on tbl (c1, c2) INCLUDE (c3, c4);
+SELECT indexdef FROM pg_indexes WHERE tablename = 'tbl' ORDER BY indexname;
+DROP TABLE tbl;
+
+
+/*
+ * 5. REINDEX
+ */
+CREATE TABLE tbl (c1 int,c2 int, c3 int, c4 box, UNIQUE(c1, c2) INCLUDE(c3,c4));
+SELECT indexdef FROM pg_indexes WHERE tablename = 'tbl' ORDER BY indexname;
+ALTER TABLE tbl DROP COLUMN c3;
+SELECT indexdef FROM pg_indexes WHERE tablename = 'tbl' ORDER BY indexname;
+REINDEX INDEX tbl_c1_c2_c3_c4_key;
+SELECT indexdef FROM pg_indexes WHERE tablename = 'tbl' ORDER BY indexname;
+ALTER TABLE tbl DROP COLUMN c1;
+SELECT indexdef FROM pg_indexes WHERE tablename = 'tbl' ORDER BY indexname;
+DROP TABLE tbl;
+
+/*
+ * 7. Check various AMs. All but btree, gist and spgist must fail.
+ */
+CREATE TABLE tbl (c1 int,c2 int, c3 box, c4 box);
+CREATE INDEX on tbl USING brin(c1, c2) INCLUDE (c3, c4);
+CREATE INDEX on tbl USING gist(c3) INCLUDE (c1, c4);
+CREATE INDEX on tbl USING spgist(c3) INCLUDE (c4);
+CREATE INDEX on tbl USING gin(c1, c2) INCLUDE (c3, c4);
+CREATE INDEX on tbl USING hash(c1, c2) INCLUDE (c3, c4);
+CREATE INDEX on tbl USING rtree(c3) INCLUDE (c1, c4);
+CREATE INDEX on tbl USING btree(c1, c2) INCLUDE (c3, c4);
+DROP TABLE tbl;
+
+/*
+ * 8. Update, delete values in indexed table.
+ */
+CREATE TABLE tbl (c1 int, c2 int, c3 int, c4 box);
+INSERT INTO tbl SELECT x, 2*x, 3*x, box('4,4,4,4') FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX tbl_idx_unique ON tbl using btree(c1, c2) INCLUDE (c3,c4);
+UPDATE tbl SET c1 = 100 WHERE c1 = 2;
+UPDATE tbl SET c1 = 1 WHERE c1 = 3;
+-- should fail
+UPDATE tbl SET c2 = 2 WHERE c1 = 1;
+UPDATE tbl SET c3 = 1;
+DELETE FROM tbl WHERE c1 = 5 OR c3 = 12;
+DROP TABLE tbl;
+
+/*
+ * 9. Alter column type.
+ */
+CREATE TABLE tbl (c1 int,c2 int, c3 int, c4 box, UNIQUE(c1, c2) INCLUDE(c3,c4));
+INSERT INTO tbl SELECT x, 2*x, 3*x, box('4,4,4,4') FROM generate_series(1,10) AS x;
+ALTER TABLE tbl ALTER c1 TYPE bigint;
+ALTER TABLE tbl ALTER c3 TYPE bigint;
+\d tbl
+DROP TABLE tbl;