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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>28.2. The Cumulative Statistics System</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="pgsql-docs@lists.postgresql.org" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /><link rel="prev" href="monitoring-ps.html" title="28.1. Standard Unix Tools" /><link rel="next" href="monitoring-locks.html" title="28.3. Viewing Locks" /></head><body id="docContent" class="container-fluid col-10"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">28.2. The Cumulative Statistics System</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="monitoring-ps.html" title="28.1. Standard Unix Tools">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="monitoring.html" title="Chapter 28. Monitoring Database Activity">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Chapter 28. Monitoring Database Activity</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 15.4 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="monitoring-locks.html" title="28.3. Viewing Locks">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="sect1" id="MONITORING-STATS"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">28.2. The Cumulative Statistics System</h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-SETUP">28.2.1. Statistics Collection Configuration</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-VIEWS">28.2.2. Viewing Statistics</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-ACTIVITY-VIEW">28.2.3. <code class="structname">pg_stat_activity</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-REPLICATION-VIEW">28.2.4. <code class="structname">pg_stat_replication</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-REPLICATION-SLOTS-VIEW">28.2.5. <code class="structname">pg_stat_replication_slots</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-WAL-RECEIVER-VIEW">28.2.6. <code class="structname">pg_stat_wal_receiver</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-RECOVERY-PREFETCH">28.2.7. <code class="structname">pg_stat_recovery_prefetch</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-SUBSCRIPTION">28.2.8. <code class="structname">pg_stat_subscription</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-SUBSCRIPTION-STATS">28.2.9. <code class="structname">pg_stat_subscription_stats</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-SSL-VIEW">28.2.10. <code class="structname">pg_stat_ssl</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-GSSAPI-VIEW">28.2.11. <code class="structname">pg_stat_gssapi</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-ARCHIVER-VIEW">28.2.12. <code class="structname">pg_stat_archiver</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-BGWRITER-VIEW">28.2.13. <code class="structname">pg_stat_bgwriter</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-WAL-VIEW">28.2.14. <code class="structname">pg_stat_wal</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-DATABASE-VIEW">28.2.15. <code class="structname">pg_stat_database</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-DATABASE-CONFLICTS-VIEW">28.2.16. <code class="structname">pg_stat_database_conflicts</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-ALL-TABLES-VIEW">28.2.17. <code class="structname">pg_stat_all_tables</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-ALL-INDEXES-VIEW">28.2.18. <code class="structname">pg_stat_all_indexes</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STATIO-ALL-TABLES-VIEW">28.2.19. <code class="structname">pg_statio_all_tables</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STATIO-ALL-INDEXES-VIEW">28.2.20. <code class="structname">pg_statio_all_indexes</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STATIO-ALL-SEQUENCES-VIEW">28.2.21. <code class="structname">pg_statio_all_sequences</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-USER-FUNCTIONS-VIEW">28.2.22. <code class="structname">pg_stat_user_functions</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-SLRU-VIEW">28.2.23. <code class="structname">pg_stat_slru</code></a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-FUNCTIONS">28.2.24. Statistics Functions</a></span></dt></dl></div><a id="id-1.6.15.7.2" class="indexterm"></a><p>
<span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span>'s <em class="firstterm">cumulative statistics
system</em> supports collection and reporting of information about
server activity. Presently, accesses to tables and indexes in both
disk-block and individual-row terms are counted. The total number of rows
in each table, and information about vacuum and analyze actions for each
table are also counted. If enabled, calls to user-defined functions and
the total time spent in each one are counted as well.
</p><p>
<span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> also supports reporting dynamic
information about exactly what is going on in the system right now, such as
the exact command currently being executed by other server processes, and
which other connections exist in the system. This facility is independent
of the cumulative statistics system.
</p><div class="sect2" id="MONITORING-STATS-SETUP"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">28.2.1. Statistics Collection Configuration</h3></div></div></div><p>
Since collection of statistics adds some overhead to query execution,
the system can be configured to collect or not collect information.
This is controlled by configuration parameters that are normally set in
<code class="filename">postgresql.conf</code>. (See <a class="xref" href="runtime-config.html" title="Chapter 20. Server Configuration">Chapter 20</a> for
details about setting configuration parameters.)
</p><p>
The parameter <a class="xref" href="runtime-config-statistics.html#GUC-TRACK-ACTIVITIES">track_activities</a> enables monitoring
of the current command being executed by any server process.
</p><p>
The parameter <a class="xref" href="runtime-config-statistics.html#GUC-TRACK-COUNTS">track_counts</a> controls whether
cumulative statistics are collected about table and index accesses.
</p><p>
The parameter <a class="xref" href="runtime-config-statistics.html#GUC-TRACK-FUNCTIONS">track_functions</a> enables tracking of
usage of user-defined functions.
</p><p>
The parameter <a class="xref" href="runtime-config-statistics.html#GUC-TRACK-IO-TIMING">track_io_timing</a> enables monitoring
of block read and write times.
</p><p>
The parameter <a class="xref" href="runtime-config-statistics.html#GUC-TRACK-WAL-IO-TIMING">track_wal_io_timing</a> enables monitoring
of WAL write times.
</p><p>
Normally these parameters are set in <code class="filename">postgresql.conf</code> so
that they apply to all server processes, but it is possible to turn
them on or off in individual sessions using the <a class="xref" href="sql-set.html" title="SET"><span class="refentrytitle">SET</span></a> command. (To prevent
ordinary users from hiding their activity from the administrator,
only superusers are allowed to change these parameters with
<code class="command">SET</code>.)
</p><p>
Cumulative statistics are collected in shared memory. Every
<span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> process collects statistics locally,
then updates the shared data at appropriate intervals. When a server,
including a physical replica, shuts down cleanly, a permanent copy of the
statistics data is stored in the <code class="filename">pg_stat</code> subdirectory,
so that statistics can be retained across server restarts. In contrast,
when starting from an unclean shutdown (e.g., after an immediate shutdown,
a server crash, starting from a base backup, and point-in-time recovery),
all statistics counters are reset.
</p></div><div class="sect2" id="MONITORING-STATS-VIEWS"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">28.2.2. Viewing Statistics</h3></div></div></div><p>
Several predefined views, listed in <a class="xref" href="monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-DYNAMIC-VIEWS-TABLE" title="Table 28.1. Dynamic Statistics Views">Table 28.1</a>, are available to show
the current state of the system. There are also several other
views, listed in <a class="xref" href="monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-VIEWS-TABLE" title="Table 28.2. Collected Statistics Views">Table 28.2</a>, available to show the accumulated
statistics. Alternatively, one can
build custom views using the underlying cumulative statistics functions, as
discussed in <a class="xref" href="monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-FUNCTIONS" title="28.2.24. Statistics Functions">Section 28.2.24</a>.
</p><p>
When using the cumulative statistics views and functions to monitor
collected data, it is important to realize that the information does not
update instantaneously. Each individual server process flushes out
accumulated statistics to shared memory just before going idle, but not
more frequently than once per <code class="varname">PGSTAT_MIN_INTERVAL</code>
milliseconds (1 second unless altered while building the server); so a
query or transaction still in progress does not affect the displayed totals
and the displayed information lags behind actual activity. However,
current-query information collected by <code class="varname">track_activities</code>
is always up-to-date.
</p><p>
Another important point is that when a server process is asked to display
any of the accumulated statistics, accessed values are cached until the end
of its current transaction in the default configuration. So the statistics
will show static information as long as you continue the current
transaction. Similarly, information about the current queries of all
sessions is collected when any such information is first requested within a
transaction, and the same information will be displayed throughout the
transaction. This is a feature, not a bug, because it allows you to perform
several queries on the statistics and correlate the results without
worrying that the numbers are changing underneath you.
When analyzing statistics interactively, or with expensive queries, the
time delta between accesses to individual statistics can lead to
significant skew in the cached statistics. To minimize skew,
<code class="varname">stats_fetch_consistency</code> can be set to
<code class="literal">snapshot</code>, at the price of increased memory usage for
caching not-needed statistics data. Conversely, if it's known that
statistics are only accessed once, caching accessed statistics is
unnecessary and can be avoided by setting
<code class="varname">stats_fetch_consistency</code> to <code class="literal">none</code>.
You can invoke <code class="function">pg_stat_clear_snapshot</code>() to discard the
current transaction's statistics snapshot or cached values (if any). The
next use of statistical information will (when in snapshot mode) cause a
new snapshot to be built or (when in cache mode) accessed statistics to be
cached.
</p><p>
A transaction can also see its own statistics (not yet flushed out to the
shared memory statistics) in the views
<code class="structname">pg_stat_xact_all_tables</code>,
<code class="structname">pg_stat_xact_sys_tables</code>,
<code class="structname">pg_stat_xact_user_tables</code>, and
<code class="structname">pg_stat_xact_user_functions</code>. These numbers do not act as
stated above; instead they update continuously throughout the transaction.
</p><p>
Some of the information in the dynamic statistics views shown in <a class="xref" href="monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-DYNAMIC-VIEWS-TABLE" title="Table 28.1. Dynamic Statistics Views">Table 28.1</a> is security restricted.
Ordinary users can only see all the information about their own sessions
(sessions belonging to a role that they are a member of). In rows about
other sessions, many columns will be null. Note, however, that the
existence of a session and its general properties such as its sessions user
and database are visible to all users. Superusers and roles with privileges of
built-in role <code class="literal">pg_read_all_stats</code> (see also <a class="xref" href="predefined-roles.html" title="22.5. Predefined Roles">Section 22.5</a>) can see all the information about all sessions.
</p><div class="table" id="MONITORING-STATS-DYNAMIC-VIEWS-TABLE"><p class="title"><strong>Table 28.1. Dynamic Statistics Views</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Dynamic Statistics Views" border="1"><colgroup><col /><col /></colgroup><thead><tr><th>View Name</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>
<code class="structname">pg_stat_activity</code>
<a id="id-1.6.15.7.6.7.2.2.1.1.2" class="indexterm"></a>
</td><td>
One row per server process, showing information related to
the current activity of that process, such as state and current query.
See <a class="link" href="monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-ACTIVITY-VIEW" title="28.2.3. pg_stat_activity">
<code class="structname">pg_stat_activity</code></a> for details.
</td></tr><tr><td><code class="structname">pg_stat_replication</code><a id="id-1.6.15.7.6.7.2.2.2.1.2" class="indexterm"></a></td><td>One row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about
replication to that sender's connected standby server.
See <a class="link" href="monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-REPLICATION-VIEW" title="28.2.4. pg_stat_replication">
<code class="structname">pg_stat_replication</code></a> for details.
</td></tr><tr><td><code class="structname">pg_stat_wal_receiver</code><a id="id-1.6.15.7.6.7.2.2.3.1.2" class="indexterm"></a></td><td>Only one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from
that receiver's connected server.
See <a class="link" href="monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-WAL-RECEIVER-VIEW" title="28.2.6. pg_stat_wal_receiver">
<code class="structname">pg_stat_wal_receiver</code></a> for details.
</td></tr><tr><td><code class="structname">pg_stat_recovery_prefetch</code><a id="id-1.6.15.7.6.7.2.2.4.1.2" class="indexterm"></a></td><td>Only one row, showing statistics about blocks prefetched during recovery.
See <a class="link" href="monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-RECOVERY-PREFETCH" title="28.2.7. pg_stat_recovery_prefetch">
<code class="structname">pg_stat_recovery_prefetch</code></a> for details.
</td></tr><tr><td><code class="structname">pg_stat_subscription</code><a id="id-1.6.15.7.6.7.2.2.5.1.2" class="indexterm"></a></td><td>At least one row per subscription, showing information about
the subscription workers.
See <a class="link" href="monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-SUBSCRIPTION" title="28.2.8. pg_stat_subscription">
<code class="structname">pg_stat_subscription</code></a> for details.
</td></tr><tr><td><code class="structname">pg_stat_ssl</code><a id="id-1.6.15.7.6.7.2.2.6.1.2" class="indexterm"></a></td><td>One row per connection (regular and replication), showing information about
SSL used on this connection.
See <a class="link" href="monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-SSL-VIEW" title="28.2.10. pg_stat_ssl">
<code class="structname">pg_stat_ssl</code></a> for details.
</td></tr><tr><td><code class="structname">pg_stat_gssapi</code><a id="id-1.6.15.7.6.7.2.2.7.1.2" class="indexterm"></a></td><td>One row per connection (regular and replication), showing information about
GSSAPI authentication and encryption used on this connection.
See <a class="link" href="monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-GSSAPI-VIEW" title="28.2.11. pg_stat_gssapi">
<code class="structname">pg_stat_gssapi</code></a> for details.
</td></tr><tr><td><code class="structname">pg_stat_progress_analyze</code><a id="id-1.6.15.7.6.7.2.2.8.1.2" class="indexterm"></a></td><td>One row for each backend (including autovacuum worker processes) running
<code class="command">ANALYZE</code>, showing current progress.
See <a class="xref" href="progress-reporting.html#ANALYZE-PROGRESS-REPORTING" title="28.4.1. ANALYZE Progress Reporting">Section 28.4.1</a>.
</td></tr><tr><td><code class="structname">pg_stat_progress_create_index</code><a id="id-1.6.15.7.6.7.2.2.9.1.2" class="indexterm"></a></td><td>One row for each backend running <code class="command">CREATE INDEX</code> or <code class="command">REINDEX</code>, showing
current progress.
See <a class="xref" href="progress-reporting.html#CREATE-INDEX-PROGRESS-REPORTING" title="28.4.2. CREATE INDEX Progress Reporting">Section 28.4.2</a>.
</td></tr><tr><td><code class="structname">pg_stat_progress_vacuum</code><a id="id-1.6.15.7.6.7.2.2.10.1.2" class="indexterm"></a></td><td>One row for each backend (including autovacuum worker processes) running
<code class="command">VACUUM</code>, showing current progress.
See <a class="xref" href="progress-reporting.html#VACUUM-PROGRESS-REPORTING" title="28.4.3. VACUUM Progress Reporting">Section 28.4.3</a>.
</td></tr><tr><td><code class="structname">pg_stat_progress_cluster</code><a id="id-1.6.15.7.6.7.2.2.11.1.2" class="indexterm"></a></td><td>One row for each backend running
<code class="command">CLUSTER</code> or <code class="command">VACUUM FULL</code>, showing current progress.
See <a class="xref" href="progress-reporting.html#CLUSTER-PROGRESS-REPORTING" title="28.4.4. CLUSTER Progress Reporting">Section 28.4.4</a>.
</td></tr><tr><td><code class="structname">pg_stat_progress_basebackup</code><a id="id-1.6.15.7.6.7.2.2.12.1.2" class="indexterm"></a></td><td>One row for each WAL sender process streaming a base backup,
showing current progress.
See <a class="xref" href="progress-reporting.html#BASEBACKUP-PROGRESS-REPORTING" title="28.4.5. Base Backup Progress Reporting">Section 28.4.5</a>.
</td></tr><tr><td><code class="structname">pg_stat_progress_copy</code><a id="id-1.6.15.7.6.7.2.2.13.1.2" class="indexterm"></a></td><td>One row for each backend running <code class="command">COPY</code>, showing current progress.
See <a class="xref" href="progress-reporting.html#COPY-PROGRESS-REPORTING" title="28.4.6. COPY Progress Reporting">Section 28.4.6</a>.
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="table" id="MONITORING-STATS-VIEWS-TABLE"><p class="title"><strong>Table 28.2. Collected Statistics Views</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Collected Statistics Views" border="1"><colgroup><col /><col /></colgroup><thead><tr><th>View Name</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code class="structname">pg_stat_archiver</code><a id="id-1.6.15.7.6.8.2.2.1.1.2" class="indexterm"></a></td><td>One row only, showing statistics about the
WAL archiver process's activity. See
<a class="link" href="monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-ARCHIVER-VIEW" title="28.2.12. pg_stat_archiver">
<code class="structname">pg_stat_archiver</code></a> for details.
</td></tr><tr><td><code class="structname">pg_stat_bgwriter</code><a id="id-1.6.15.7.6.8.2.2.2.1.2" class="indexterm"></a></td><td>One row only, showing statistics about the
background writer process's activity. See
<a class="link" href="monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-BGWRITER-VIEW" title="28.2.13. pg_stat_bgwriter">
<code class="structname">pg_stat_bgwriter</code></a> for details.
</td></tr><tr><td><code class="structname">pg_stat_wal</code><a id="id-1.6.15.7.6.8.2.2.3.1.2" class="indexterm"></a></td><td>One row only, showing statistics about WAL activity. See
<a class="link" href="monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-WAL-VIEW" title="28.2.14. pg_stat_wal">
<code class="structname">pg_stat_wal</code></a> for details.
</td></tr><tr><td><code class="structname">pg_stat_database</code><a id="id-1.6.15.7.6.8.2.2.4.1.2" class="indexterm"></a></td><td>One row per database, showing database-wide statistics. See
<a class="link" href="monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-DATABASE-VIEW" title="28.2.15. pg_stat_database">
<code class="structname">pg_stat_database</code></a> for details.
</td></tr><tr><td><code class="structname">pg_stat_database_conflicts</code><a id="id-1.6.15.7.6.8.2.2.5.1.2" class="indexterm"></a></td><td>
One row per database, showing database-wide statistics about
query cancels due to conflict with recovery on standby servers.
See <a class="link" href="monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-DATABASE-CONFLICTS-VIEW" title="28.2.16. pg_stat_database_conflicts">
<code class="structname">pg_stat_database_conflicts</code></a> for details.
</td></tr><tr><td><code class="structname">pg_stat_all_tables</code><a id="id-1.6.15.7.6.8.2.2.6.1.2" class="indexterm"></a></td><td>
One row for each table in the current database, showing statistics
about accesses to that specific table.
See <a class="link" href="monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-ALL-TABLES-VIEW" title="28.2.17. pg_stat_all_tables">
<code class="structname">pg_stat_all_tables</code></a> for details.
</td></tr><tr><td><code class="structname">pg_stat_sys_tables</code><a id="id-1.6.15.7.6.8.2.2.7.1.2" class="indexterm"></a></td><td>Same as <code class="structname">pg_stat_all_tables</code>, except that only
system tables are shown.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="structname">pg_stat_user_tables</code><a id="id-1.6.15.7.6.8.2.2.8.1.2" class="indexterm"></a></td><td>Same as <code class="structname">pg_stat_all_tables</code>, except that only user
tables are shown.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="structname">pg_stat_xact_all_tables</code><a id="id-1.6.15.7.6.8.2.2.9.1.2" class="indexterm"></a></td><td>Similar to <code class="structname">pg_stat_all_tables</code>, but counts actions
taken so far within the current transaction (which are <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span>
yet included in <code class="structname">pg_stat_all_tables</code> and related views).
The columns for numbers of live and dead rows and vacuum and
analyze actions are not present in this view.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="structname">pg_stat_xact_sys_tables</code><a id="id-1.6.15.7.6.8.2.2.10.1.2" class="indexterm"></a></td><td>Same as <code class="structname">pg_stat_xact_all_tables</code>, except that only
system tables are shown.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="structname">pg_stat_xact_user_tables</code><a id="id-1.6.15.7.6.8.2.2.11.1.2" class="indexterm"></a></td><td>Same as <code class="structname">pg_stat_xact_all_tables</code>, except that only
user tables are shown.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="structname">pg_stat_all_indexes</code><a id="id-1.6.15.7.6.8.2.2.12.1.2" class="indexterm"></a></td><td>
One row for each index in the current database, showing statistics
about accesses to that specific index.
See <a class="link" href="monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-ALL-INDEXES-VIEW" title="28.2.18. pg_stat_all_indexes">
<code class="structname">pg_stat_all_indexes</code></a> for details.
</td></tr><tr><td><code class="structname">pg_stat_sys_indexes</code><a id="id-1.6.15.7.6.8.2.2.13.1.2" class="indexterm"></a></td><td>Same as <code class="structname">pg_stat_all_indexes</code>, except that only
indexes on system tables are shown.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="structname">pg_stat_user_indexes</code><a id="id-1.6.15.7.6.8.2.2.14.1.2" class="indexterm"></a></td><td>Same as <code class="structname">pg_stat_all_indexes</code>, except that only
indexes on user tables are shown.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="structname">pg_statio_all_tables</code><a id="id-1.6.15.7.6.8.2.2.15.1.2" class="indexterm"></a></td><td>
One row for each table in the current database, showing statistics
about I/O on that specific table.
See <a class="link" href="monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STATIO-ALL-TABLES-VIEW" title="28.2.19. pg_statio_all_tables">
<code class="structname">pg_statio_all_tables</code></a> for details.
</td></tr><tr><td><code class="structname">pg_statio_sys_tables</code><a id="id-1.6.15.7.6.8.2.2.16.1.2" class="indexterm"></a></td><td>Same as <code class="structname">pg_statio_all_tables</code>, except that only
system tables are shown.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="structname">pg_statio_user_tables</code><a id="id-1.6.15.7.6.8.2.2.17.1.2" class="indexterm"></a></td><td>Same as <code class="structname">pg_statio_all_tables</code>, except that only
user tables are shown.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="structname">pg_statio_all_indexes</code><a id="id-1.6.15.7.6.8.2.2.18.1.2" class="indexterm"></a></td><td>
One row for each index in the current database,
showing statistics about I/O on that specific index.
See <a class="link" href="monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STATIO-ALL-INDEXES-VIEW" title="28.2.20. pg_statio_all_indexes">
<code class="structname">pg_statio_all_indexes</code></a> for details.
</td></tr><tr><td><code class="structname">pg_statio_sys_indexes</code><a id="id-1.6.15.7.6.8.2.2.19.1.2" class="indexterm"></a></td><td>Same as <code class="structname">pg_statio_all_indexes</code>, except that only
indexes on system tables are shown.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="structname">pg_statio_user_indexes</code><a id="id-1.6.15.7.6.8.2.2.20.1.2" class="indexterm"></a></td><td>Same as <code class="structname">pg_statio_all_indexes</code>, except that only
indexes on user tables are shown.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="structname">pg_statio_all_sequences</code><a id="id-1.6.15.7.6.8.2.2.21.1.2" class="indexterm"></a></td><td>
One row for each sequence in the current database,
showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.
See <a class="link" href="monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STATIO-ALL-SEQUENCES-VIEW" title="28.2.21. pg_statio_all_sequences">
<code class="structname">pg_statio_all_sequences</code></a> for details.
</td></tr><tr><td><code class="structname">pg_statio_sys_sequences</code><a id="id-1.6.15.7.6.8.2.2.22.1.2" class="indexterm"></a></td><td>Same as <code class="structname">pg_statio_all_sequences</code>, except that only
system sequences are shown. (Presently, no system sequences are defined,
so this view is always empty.)</td></tr><tr><td><code class="structname">pg_statio_user_sequences</code><a id="id-1.6.15.7.6.8.2.2.23.1.2" class="indexterm"></a></td><td>Same as <code class="structname">pg_statio_all_sequences</code>, except that only
user sequences are shown.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="structname">pg_stat_user_functions</code><a id="id-1.6.15.7.6.8.2.2.24.1.2" class="indexterm"></a></td><td>
One row for each tracked function, showing statistics
about executions of that function. See
<a class="link" href="monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-USER-FUNCTIONS-VIEW" title="28.2.22. pg_stat_user_functions">
<code class="structname">pg_stat_user_functions</code></a> for details.
</td></tr><tr><td><code class="structname">pg_stat_xact_user_functions</code><a id="id-1.6.15.7.6.8.2.2.25.1.2" class="indexterm"></a></td><td>Similar to <code class="structname">pg_stat_user_functions</code>, but counts only
calls during the current transaction (which are <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span>
yet included in <code class="structname">pg_stat_user_functions</code>).</td></tr><tr><td><code class="structname">pg_stat_slru</code><a id="id-1.6.15.7.6.8.2.2.26.1.2" class="indexterm"></a></td><td>One row per SLRU, showing statistics of operations. See
<a class="link" href="monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-SLRU-VIEW" title="28.2.23. pg_stat_slru">
<code class="structname">pg_stat_slru</code></a> for details.
</td></tr><tr><td><code class="structname">pg_stat_replication_slots</code><a id="id-1.6.15.7.6.8.2.2.27.1.2" class="indexterm"></a></td><td>One row per replication slot, showing statistics about the
replication slot's usage. See
<a class="link" href="monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-REPLICATION-SLOTS-VIEW" title="28.2.5. pg_stat_replication_slots">
<code class="structname">pg_stat_replication_slots</code></a> for details.
</td></tr><tr><td><code class="structname">pg_stat_subscription_stats</code><a id="id-1.6.15.7.6.8.2.2.28.1.2" class="indexterm"></a></td><td>One row per subscription, showing statistics about errors.
See <a class="link" href="monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-SUBSCRIPTION-STATS" title="28.2.9. pg_stat_subscription_stats">
<code class="structname">pg_stat_subscription_stats</code></a> for details.
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><p>
The per-index statistics are particularly useful to determine which
indexes are being used and how effective they are.
</p><p>
The <code class="structname">pg_statio_</code> views are primarily useful to
determine the effectiveness of the buffer cache. When the number
of actual disk reads is much smaller than the number of buffer
hits, then the cache is satisfying most read requests without
invoking a kernel call. However, these statistics do not give the
entire story: due to the way in which <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span>
handles disk I/O, data that is not in the
<span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> buffer cache might still reside in the
kernel's I/O cache, and might therefore still be fetched without
requiring a physical read. Users interested in obtaining more
detailed information on <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> I/O behavior are
advised to use the <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> statistics views
in combination with operating system utilities that allow insight
into the kernel's handling of I/O.
</p></div><div class="sect2" id="MONITORING-PG-STAT-ACTIVITY-VIEW"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">28.2.3. <code class="structname">pg_stat_activity</code></h3></div></div></div><a id="id-1.6.15.7.7.2" class="indexterm"></a><p>
The <code class="structname">pg_stat_activity</code> view will have one row
per server process, showing information related to
the current activity of that process.
</p><div class="table" id="PG-STAT-ACTIVITY-VIEW"><p class="title"><strong>Table 28.3. <code class="structname">pg_stat_activity</code> View</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="pg_stat_activity View" border="1"><colgroup><col /></colgroup><thead><tr><th class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
Column Type
</p>
<p>
Description
</p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">datid</code> <code class="type">oid</code>
</p>
<p>
OID of the database this backend is connected to
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">datname</code> <code class="type">name</code>
</p>
<p>
Name of the database this backend is connected to
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">pid</code> <code class="type">integer</code>
</p>
<p>
Process ID of this backend
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">leader_pid</code> <code class="type">integer</code>
</p>
<p>
Process ID of the parallel group leader, if this process is a
parallel query worker. <code class="literal">NULL</code> if this process is a
parallel group leader or does not participate in parallel query.
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">usesysid</code> <code class="type">oid</code>
</p>
<p>
OID of the user logged into this backend
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">usename</code> <code class="type">name</code>
</p>
<p>
Name of the user logged into this backend
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">application_name</code> <code class="type">text</code>
</p>
<p>
Name of the application that is connected
to this backend
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">client_addr</code> <code class="type">inet</code>
</p>
<p>
IP address of the client connected to this backend.
If this field is null, it indicates either that the client is
connected via a Unix socket on the server machine or that this is an
internal process such as autovacuum.
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">client_hostname</code> <code class="type">text</code>
</p>
<p>
Host name of the connected client, as reported by a
reverse DNS lookup of <code class="structfield">client_addr</code>. This field will
only be non-null for IP connections, and only when <a class="xref" href="runtime-config-logging.html#GUC-LOG-HOSTNAME">log_hostname</a> is enabled.
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">client_port</code> <code class="type">integer</code>
</p>
<p>
TCP port number that the client is using for communication
with this backend, or <code class="literal">-1</code> if a Unix socket is used.
If this field is null, it indicates that this is an internal server process.
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">backend_start</code> <code class="type">timestamp with time zone</code>
</p>
<p>
Time when this process was started. For client backends,
this is the time the client connected to the server.
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">xact_start</code> <code class="type">timestamp with time zone</code>
</p>
<p>
Time when this process' current transaction was started, or null
if no transaction is active. If the current
query is the first of its transaction, this column is equal to the
<code class="structfield">query_start</code> column.
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">query_start</code> <code class="type">timestamp with time zone</code>
</p>
<p>
Time when the currently active query was started, or if
<code class="structfield">state</code> is not <code class="literal">active</code>, when the last query
was started
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">state_change</code> <code class="type">timestamp with time zone</code>
</p>
<p>
Time when the <code class="structfield">state</code> was last changed
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">wait_event_type</code> <code class="type">text</code>
</p>
<p>
The type of event for which the backend is waiting, if any;
otherwise NULL. See <a class="xref" href="monitoring-stats.html#WAIT-EVENT-TABLE" title="Table 28.4. Wait Event Types">Table 28.4</a>.
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">wait_event</code> <code class="type">text</code>
</p>
<p>
Wait event name if backend is currently waiting, otherwise NULL.
See <a class="xref" href="monitoring-stats.html#WAIT-EVENT-ACTIVITY-TABLE" title="Table 28.5. Wait Events of Type Activity">Table 28.5</a> through
<a class="xref" href="monitoring-stats.html#WAIT-EVENT-TIMEOUT-TABLE" title="Table 28.13. Wait Events of Type Timeout">Table 28.13</a>.
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">state</code> <code class="type">text</code>
</p>
<p>
Current overall state of this backend.
Possible values are:
</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>
<code class="literal">active</code>: The backend is executing a query.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
<code class="literal">idle</code>: The backend is waiting for a new client command.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
<code class="literal">idle in transaction</code>: The backend is in a transaction,
but is not currently executing a query.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
<code class="literal">idle in transaction (aborted)</code>: This state is similar to
<code class="literal">idle in transaction</code>, except one of the statements in
the transaction caused an error.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
<code class="literal">fastpath function call</code>: The backend is executing a
fast-path function.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
<code class="literal">disabled</code>: This state is reported if <a class="xref" href="runtime-config-statistics.html#GUC-TRACK-ACTIVITIES">track_activities</a> is disabled in this backend.
</p></li></ul></div><p>
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">backend_xid</code> <code class="type">xid</code>
</p>
<p>
Top-level transaction identifier of this backend, if any.
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">backend_xmin</code> <code class="type">xid</code>
</p>
<p>
The current backend's <code class="literal">xmin</code> horizon.
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">query_id</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Identifier of this backend's most recent query. If
<code class="structfield">state</code> is <code class="literal">active</code> this
field shows the identifier of the currently executing query. In
all other states, it shows the identifier of last query that was
executed. Query identifiers are not computed by default so this
field will be null unless <a class="xref" href="runtime-config-statistics.html#GUC-COMPUTE-QUERY-ID">compute_query_id</a>
parameter is enabled or a third-party module that computes query
identifiers is configured.
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">query</code> <code class="type">text</code>
</p>
<p>
Text of this backend's most recent query. If
<code class="structfield">state</code> is <code class="literal">active</code> this field shows the
currently executing query. In all other states, it shows the last query
that was executed. By default the query text is truncated at 1024
bytes; this value can be changed via the parameter
<a class="xref" href="runtime-config-statistics.html#GUC-TRACK-ACTIVITY-QUERY-SIZE">track_activity_query_size</a>.
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">backend_type</code> <code class="type">text</code>
</p>
<p>
Type of current backend. Possible types are
<code class="literal">autovacuum launcher</code>, <code class="literal">autovacuum worker</code>,
<code class="literal">logical replication launcher</code>,
<code class="literal">logical replication worker</code>,
<code class="literal">parallel worker</code>, <code class="literal">background writer</code>,
<code class="literal">client backend</code>, <code class="literal">checkpointer</code>,
<code class="literal">archiver</code>,
<code class="literal">startup</code>, <code class="literal">walreceiver</code>,
<code class="literal">walsender</code> and <code class="literal">walwriter</code>.
In addition, background workers registered by extensions may have
additional types.
</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="note"><h3 class="title">Note</h3><p>
The <code class="structfield">wait_event</code> and <code class="structfield">state</code> columns are
independent. If a backend is in the <code class="literal">active</code> state,
it may or may not be <code class="literal">waiting</code> on some event. If the state
is <code class="literal">active</code> and <code class="structfield">wait_event</code> is non-null, it
means that a query is being executed, but is being blocked somewhere
in the system.
</p></div><div class="table" id="WAIT-EVENT-TABLE"><p class="title"><strong>Table 28.4. Wait Event Types</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Wait Event Types" border="1"><colgroup><col /><col /></colgroup><thead><tr><th>Wait Event Type</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code class="literal">Activity</code></td><td>The server process is idle. This event type indicates a process
waiting for activity in its main processing loop.
<code class="literal">wait_event</code> will identify the specific wait point;
see <a class="xref" href="monitoring-stats.html#WAIT-EVENT-ACTIVITY-TABLE" title="Table 28.5. Wait Events of Type Activity">Table 28.5</a>.
</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">BufferPin</code></td><td>The server process is waiting for exclusive access to
a data buffer. Buffer pin waits can be protracted if
another process holds an open cursor that last read data from the
buffer in question. See <a class="xref" href="monitoring-stats.html#WAIT-EVENT-BUFFERPIN-TABLE" title="Table 28.6. Wait Events of Type BufferPin">Table 28.6</a>.
</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">Client</code></td><td>The server process is waiting for activity on a socket
connected to a user application. Thus, the server expects something
to happen that is independent of its internal processes.
<code class="literal">wait_event</code> will identify the specific wait point;
see <a class="xref" href="monitoring-stats.html#WAIT-EVENT-CLIENT-TABLE" title="Table 28.7. Wait Events of Type Client">Table 28.7</a>.
</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">Extension</code></td><td>The server process is waiting for some condition defined by an
extension module.
See <a class="xref" href="monitoring-stats.html#WAIT-EVENT-EXTENSION-TABLE" title="Table 28.8. Wait Events of Type Extension">Table 28.8</a>.
</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">IO</code></td><td>The server process is waiting for an I/O operation to complete.
<code class="literal">wait_event</code> will identify the specific wait point;
see <a class="xref" href="monitoring-stats.html#WAIT-EVENT-IO-TABLE" title="Table 28.9. Wait Events of Type IO">Table 28.9</a>.
</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">IPC</code></td><td>The server process is waiting for some interaction with
another server process. <code class="literal">wait_event</code> will
identify the specific wait point;
see <a class="xref" href="monitoring-stats.html#WAIT-EVENT-IPC-TABLE" title="Table 28.10. Wait Events of Type IPC">Table 28.10</a>.
</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">Lock</code></td><td>The server process is waiting for a heavyweight lock.
Heavyweight locks, also known as lock manager locks or simply locks,
primarily protect SQL-visible objects such as tables. However,
they are also used to ensure mutual exclusion for certain internal
operations such as relation extension. <code class="literal">wait_event</code>
will identify the type of lock awaited;
see <a class="xref" href="monitoring-stats.html#WAIT-EVENT-LOCK-TABLE" title="Table 28.11. Wait Events of Type Lock">Table 28.11</a>.
</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">LWLock</code></td><td> The server process is waiting for a lightweight lock.
Most such locks protect a particular data structure in shared memory.
<code class="literal">wait_event</code> will contain a name identifying the purpose
of the lightweight lock. (Some locks have specific names; others
are part of a group of locks each with a similar purpose.)
See <a class="xref" href="monitoring-stats.html#WAIT-EVENT-LWLOCK-TABLE" title="Table 28.12. Wait Events of Type LWLock">Table 28.12</a>.
</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">Timeout</code></td><td>The server process is waiting for a timeout
to expire. <code class="literal">wait_event</code> will identify the specific wait
point; see <a class="xref" href="monitoring-stats.html#WAIT-EVENT-TIMEOUT-TABLE" title="Table 28.13. Wait Events of Type Timeout">Table 28.13</a>.
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="table" id="WAIT-EVENT-ACTIVITY-TABLE"><p class="title"><strong>Table 28.5. Wait Events of Type <code class="literal">Activity</code></strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Wait Events of Type Activity" border="1"><colgroup><col /><col /></colgroup><thead><tr><th><code class="literal">Activity</code> Wait Event</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code class="literal">ArchiverMain</code></td><td>Waiting in main loop of archiver process.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">AutoVacuumMain</code></td><td>Waiting in main loop of autovacuum launcher process.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">BgWriterHibernate</code></td><td>Waiting in background writer process, hibernating.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">BgWriterMain</code></td><td>Waiting in main loop of background writer process.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">CheckpointerMain</code></td><td>Waiting in main loop of checkpointer process.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">LogicalApplyMain</code></td><td>Waiting in main loop of logical replication apply process.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">LogicalLauncherMain</code></td><td>Waiting in main loop of logical replication launcher process.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">RecoveryWalStream</code></td><td>Waiting in main loop of startup process for WAL to arrive, during
streaming recovery.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">SysLoggerMain</code></td><td>Waiting in main loop of syslogger process.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">WalReceiverMain</code></td><td>Waiting in main loop of WAL receiver process.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">WalSenderMain</code></td><td>Waiting in main loop of WAL sender process.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">WalWriterMain</code></td><td>Waiting in main loop of WAL writer process.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="table" id="WAIT-EVENT-BUFFERPIN-TABLE"><p class="title"><strong>Table 28.6. Wait Events of Type <code class="literal">BufferPin</code></strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Wait Events of Type BufferPin" border="1"><colgroup><col /><col /></colgroup><thead><tr><th><code class="literal">BufferPin</code> Wait Event</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code class="literal">BufferPin</code></td><td>Waiting to acquire an exclusive pin on a buffer.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="table" id="WAIT-EVENT-CLIENT-TABLE"><p class="title"><strong>Table 28.7. Wait Events of Type <code class="literal">Client</code></strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Wait Events of Type Client" border="1"><colgroup><col /><col /></colgroup><thead><tr><th><code class="literal">Client</code> Wait Event</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code class="literal">ClientRead</code></td><td>Waiting to read data from the client.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">ClientWrite</code></td><td>Waiting to write data to the client.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">GSSOpenServer</code></td><td>Waiting to read data from the client while establishing a GSSAPI
session.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">LibPQWalReceiverConnect</code></td><td>Waiting in WAL receiver to establish connection to remote
server.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">LibPQWalReceiverReceive</code></td><td>Waiting in WAL receiver to receive data from remote server.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">SSLOpenServer</code></td><td>Waiting for SSL while attempting connection.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">WalSenderWaitForWAL</code></td><td>Waiting for WAL to be flushed in WAL sender process.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">WalSenderWriteData</code></td><td>Waiting for any activity when processing replies from WAL
receiver in WAL sender process.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="table" id="WAIT-EVENT-EXTENSION-TABLE"><p class="title"><strong>Table 28.8. Wait Events of Type <code class="literal">Extension</code></strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Wait Events of Type Extension" border="1"><colgroup><col /><col /></colgroup><thead><tr><th><code class="literal">Extension</code> Wait Event</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code class="literal">Extension</code></td><td>Waiting in an extension.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="table" id="WAIT-EVENT-IO-TABLE"><p class="title"><strong>Table 28.9. Wait Events of Type <code class="literal">IO</code></strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Wait Events of Type IO" border="1"><colgroup><col /><col /></colgroup><thead><tr><th><code class="literal">IO</code> Wait Event</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code class="literal">BaseBackupRead</code></td><td>Waiting for base backup to read from a file.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">BaseBackupSync</code></td><td>Waiting for data written by a base backup to reach durable storage.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">BaseBackupWrite</code></td><td>Waiting for base backup to write to a file.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">BufFileRead</code></td><td>Waiting for a read from a buffered file.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">BufFileWrite</code></td><td>Waiting for a write to a buffered file.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">BufFileTruncate</code></td><td>Waiting for a buffered file to be truncated.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">ControlFileRead</code></td><td>Waiting for a read from the <code class="filename">pg_control</code>
file.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">ControlFileSync</code></td><td>Waiting for the <code class="filename">pg_control</code> file to reach
durable storage.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">ControlFileSyncUpdate</code></td><td>Waiting for an update to the <code class="filename">pg_control</code> file
to reach durable storage.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">ControlFileWrite</code></td><td>Waiting for a write to the <code class="filename">pg_control</code>
file.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">ControlFileWriteUpdate</code></td><td>Waiting for a write to update the <code class="filename">pg_control</code>
file.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">CopyFileRead</code></td><td>Waiting for a read during a file copy operation.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">CopyFileWrite</code></td><td>Waiting for a write during a file copy operation.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">DSMFillZeroWrite</code></td><td>Waiting to fill a dynamic shared memory backing file with
zeroes.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">DataFileExtend</code></td><td>Waiting for a relation data file to be extended.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">DataFileFlush</code></td><td>Waiting for a relation data file to reach durable storage.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">DataFileImmediateSync</code></td><td>Waiting for an immediate synchronization of a relation data file to
durable storage.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">DataFilePrefetch</code></td><td>Waiting for an asynchronous prefetch from a relation data
file.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">DataFileRead</code></td><td>Waiting for a read from a relation data file.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">DataFileSync</code></td><td>Waiting for changes to a relation data file to reach durable storage.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">DataFileTruncate</code></td><td>Waiting for a relation data file to be truncated.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">DataFileWrite</code></td><td>Waiting for a write to a relation data file.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">LockFileAddToDataDirRead</code></td><td>Waiting for a read while adding a line to the data directory lock
file.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">LockFileAddToDataDirSync</code></td><td>Waiting for data to reach durable storage while adding a line to the
data directory lock file.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">LockFileAddToDataDirWrite</code></td><td>Waiting for a write while adding a line to the data directory
lock file.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">LockFileCreateRead</code></td><td>Waiting to read while creating the data directory lock
file.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">LockFileCreateSync</code></td><td>Waiting for data to reach durable storage while creating the data
directory lock file.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">LockFileCreateWrite</code></td><td>Waiting for a write while creating the data directory lock
file.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">LockFileReCheckDataDirRead</code></td><td>Waiting for a read during recheck of the data directory lock
file.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">LogicalRewriteCheckpointSync</code></td><td>Waiting for logical rewrite mappings to reach durable storage
during a checkpoint.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">LogicalRewriteMappingSync</code></td><td>Waiting for mapping data to reach durable storage during a logical
rewrite.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">LogicalRewriteMappingWrite</code></td><td>Waiting for a write of mapping data during a logical
rewrite.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">LogicalRewriteSync</code></td><td>Waiting for logical rewrite mappings to reach durable
storage.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">LogicalRewriteTruncate</code></td><td>Waiting for truncate of mapping data during a logical
rewrite.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">LogicalRewriteWrite</code></td><td>Waiting for a write of logical rewrite mappings.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">RelationMapRead</code></td><td>Waiting for a read of the relation map file.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">RelationMapSync</code></td><td>Waiting for the relation map file to reach durable storage.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">RelationMapWrite</code></td><td>Waiting for a write to the relation map file.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">ReorderBufferRead</code></td><td>Waiting for a read during reorder buffer management.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">ReorderBufferWrite</code></td><td>Waiting for a write during reorder buffer management.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">ReorderLogicalMappingRead</code></td><td>Waiting for a read of a logical mapping during reorder buffer
management.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">ReplicationSlotRead</code></td><td>Waiting for a read from a replication slot control file.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">ReplicationSlotRestoreSync</code></td><td>Waiting for a replication slot control file to reach durable storage
while restoring it to memory.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">ReplicationSlotSync</code></td><td>Waiting for a replication slot control file to reach durable
storage.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">ReplicationSlotWrite</code></td><td>Waiting for a write to a replication slot control file.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">SLRUFlushSync</code></td><td>Waiting for SLRU data to reach durable storage during a checkpoint
or database shutdown.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">SLRURead</code></td><td>Waiting for a read of an SLRU page.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">SLRUSync</code></td><td>Waiting for SLRU data to reach durable storage following a page
write.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">SLRUWrite</code></td><td>Waiting for a write of an SLRU page.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">SnapbuildRead</code></td><td>Waiting for a read of a serialized historical catalog
snapshot.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">SnapbuildSync</code></td><td>Waiting for a serialized historical catalog snapshot to reach
durable storage.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">SnapbuildWrite</code></td><td>Waiting for a write of a serialized historical catalog
snapshot.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">TimelineHistoryFileSync</code></td><td>Waiting for a timeline history file received via streaming
replication to reach durable storage.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">TimelineHistoryFileWrite</code></td><td>Waiting for a write of a timeline history file received via
streaming replication.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">TimelineHistoryRead</code></td><td>Waiting for a read of a timeline history file.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">TimelineHistorySync</code></td><td>Waiting for a newly created timeline history file to reach durable
storage.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">TimelineHistoryWrite</code></td><td>Waiting for a write of a newly created timeline history
file.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">TwophaseFileRead</code></td><td>Waiting for a read of a two phase state file.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">TwophaseFileSync</code></td><td>Waiting for a two phase state file to reach durable storage.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">TwophaseFileWrite</code></td><td>Waiting for a write of a two phase state file.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">VersionFileWrite</code></td><td>Waiting for the version file to be written while creating a database.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">WALBootstrapSync</code></td><td>Waiting for WAL to reach durable storage during
bootstrapping.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">WALBootstrapWrite</code></td><td>Waiting for a write of a WAL page during bootstrapping.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">WALCopyRead</code></td><td>Waiting for a read when creating a new WAL segment by copying an
existing one.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">WALCopySync</code></td><td>Waiting for a new WAL segment created by copying an existing one to
reach durable storage.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">WALCopyWrite</code></td><td>Waiting for a write when creating a new WAL segment by copying an
existing one.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">WALInitSync</code></td><td>Waiting for a newly initialized WAL file to reach durable
storage.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">WALInitWrite</code></td><td>Waiting for a write while initializing a new WAL file.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">WALRead</code></td><td>Waiting for a read from a WAL file.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">WALSenderTimelineHistoryRead</code></td><td>Waiting for a read from a timeline history file during a walsender
timeline command.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">WALSync</code></td><td>Waiting for a WAL file to reach durable storage.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">WALSyncMethodAssign</code></td><td>Waiting for data to reach durable storage while assigning a new
WAL sync method.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">WALWrite</code></td><td>Waiting for a write to a WAL file.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="table" id="WAIT-EVENT-IPC-TABLE"><p class="title"><strong>Table 28.10. Wait Events of Type <code class="literal">IPC</code></strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Wait Events of Type IPC" border="1"><colgroup><col /><col /></colgroup><thead><tr><th><code class="literal">IPC</code> Wait Event</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code class="literal">AppendReady</code></td><td>Waiting for subplan nodes of an <code class="literal">Append</code> plan
node to be ready.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">ArchiveCleanupCommand</code></td><td>Waiting for <a class="xref" href="runtime-config-wal.html#GUC-ARCHIVE-CLEANUP-COMMAND">archive_cleanup_command</a> to
complete.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">ArchiveCommand</code></td><td>Waiting for <a class="xref" href="runtime-config-wal.html#GUC-ARCHIVE-COMMAND">archive_command</a> to
complete.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">BackendTermination</code></td><td>Waiting for the termination of another backend.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">BackupWaitWalArchive</code></td><td>Waiting for WAL files required for a backup to be successfully
archived.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">BgWorkerShutdown</code></td><td>Waiting for background worker to shut down.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">BgWorkerStartup</code></td><td>Waiting for background worker to start up.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">BtreePage</code></td><td>Waiting for the page number needed to continue a parallel B-tree
scan to become available.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">BufferIO</code></td><td>Waiting for buffer I/O to complete.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">CheckpointDone</code></td><td>Waiting for a checkpoint to complete.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">CheckpointStart</code></td><td>Waiting for a checkpoint to start.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">ExecuteGather</code></td><td>Waiting for activity from a child process while
executing a <code class="literal">Gather</code> plan node.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">HashBatchAllocate</code></td><td>Waiting for an elected Parallel Hash participant to allocate a hash
table.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">HashBatchElect</code></td><td>Waiting to elect a Parallel Hash participant to allocate a hash
table.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">HashBatchLoad</code></td><td>Waiting for other Parallel Hash participants to finish loading a
hash table.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">HashBuildAllocate</code></td><td>Waiting for an elected Parallel Hash participant to allocate the
initial hash table.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">HashBuildElect</code></td><td>Waiting to elect a Parallel Hash participant to allocate the
initial hash table.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">HashBuildHashInner</code></td><td>Waiting for other Parallel Hash participants to finish hashing the
inner relation.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">HashBuildHashOuter</code></td><td>Waiting for other Parallel Hash participants to finish partitioning
the outer relation.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">HashGrowBatchesAllocate</code></td><td>Waiting for an elected Parallel Hash participant to allocate more
batches.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">HashGrowBatchesDecide</code></td><td>Waiting to elect a Parallel Hash participant to decide on future
batch growth.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">HashGrowBatchesElect</code></td><td>Waiting to elect a Parallel Hash participant to allocate more
batches.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">HashGrowBatchesFinish</code></td><td>Waiting for an elected Parallel Hash participant to decide on
future batch growth.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">HashGrowBatchesRepartition</code></td><td>Waiting for other Parallel Hash participants to finish
repartitioning.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">HashGrowBucketsAllocate</code></td><td>Waiting for an elected Parallel Hash participant to finish
allocating more buckets.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">HashGrowBucketsElect</code></td><td>Waiting to elect a Parallel Hash participant to allocate more
buckets.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">HashGrowBucketsReinsert</code></td><td>Waiting for other Parallel Hash participants to finish inserting
tuples into new buckets.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">LogicalSyncData</code></td><td>Waiting for a logical replication remote server to send data for
initial table synchronization.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">LogicalSyncStateChange</code></td><td>Waiting for a logical replication remote server to change
state.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">MessageQueueInternal</code></td><td>Waiting for another process to be attached to a shared message
queue.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">MessageQueuePutMessage</code></td><td>Waiting to write a protocol message to a shared message queue.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">MessageQueueReceive</code></td><td>Waiting to receive bytes from a shared message queue.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">MessageQueueSend</code></td><td>Waiting to send bytes to a shared message queue.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">ParallelBitmapScan</code></td><td>Waiting for parallel bitmap scan to become initialized.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">ParallelCreateIndexScan</code></td><td>Waiting for parallel <code class="command">CREATE INDEX</code> workers to
finish heap scan.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">ParallelFinish</code></td><td>Waiting for parallel workers to finish computing.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">ProcArrayGroupUpdate</code></td><td>Waiting for the group leader to clear the transaction ID at
end of a parallel operation.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">ProcSignalBarrier</code></td><td>Waiting for a barrier event to be processed by all
backends.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">Promote</code></td><td>Waiting for standby promotion.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">RecoveryConflictSnapshot</code></td><td>Waiting for recovery conflict resolution for a vacuum
cleanup.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">RecoveryConflictTablespace</code></td><td>Waiting for recovery conflict resolution for dropping a
tablespace.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">RecoveryEndCommand</code></td><td>Waiting for <a class="xref" href="runtime-config-wal.html#GUC-RECOVERY-END-COMMAND">recovery_end_command</a> to
complete.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">RecoveryPause</code></td><td>Waiting for recovery to be resumed.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">ReplicationOriginDrop</code></td><td>Waiting for a replication origin to become inactive so it can be
dropped.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">ReplicationSlotDrop</code></td><td>Waiting for a replication slot to become inactive so it can be
dropped.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">RestoreCommand</code></td><td>Waiting for <a class="xref" href="runtime-config-wal.html#GUC-RESTORE-COMMAND">restore_command</a> to
complete.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">SafeSnapshot</code></td><td>Waiting to obtain a valid snapshot for a <code class="literal">READ ONLY
DEFERRABLE</code> transaction.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">SyncRep</code></td><td>Waiting for confirmation from a remote server during synchronous
replication.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">WalReceiverExit</code></td><td>Waiting for the WAL receiver to exit.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">WalReceiverWaitStart</code></td><td>Waiting for startup process to send initial data for streaming
replication.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">XactGroupUpdate</code></td><td>Waiting for the group leader to update transaction status at
end of a parallel operation.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="table" id="WAIT-EVENT-LOCK-TABLE"><p class="title"><strong>Table 28.11. Wait Events of Type <code class="literal">Lock</code></strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Wait Events of Type Lock" border="1"><colgroup><col /><col /></colgroup><thead><tr><th><code class="literal">Lock</code> Wait Event</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code class="literal">advisory</code></td><td>Waiting to acquire an advisory user lock.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">extend</code></td><td>Waiting to extend a relation.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">frozenid</code></td><td>Waiting to
update <code class="structname">pg_database</code>.<code class="structfield">datfrozenxid</code>
and <code class="structname">pg_database</code>.<code class="structfield">datminmxid</code>.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">object</code></td><td>Waiting to acquire a lock on a non-relation database object.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">page</code></td><td>Waiting to acquire a lock on a page of a relation.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">relation</code></td><td>Waiting to acquire a lock on a relation.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">spectoken</code></td><td>Waiting to acquire a speculative insertion lock.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">transactionid</code></td><td>Waiting for a transaction to finish.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">tuple</code></td><td>Waiting to acquire a lock on a tuple.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">userlock</code></td><td>Waiting to acquire a user lock.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">virtualxid</code></td><td>Waiting to acquire a virtual transaction ID lock.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="table" id="WAIT-EVENT-LWLOCK-TABLE"><p class="title"><strong>Table 28.12. Wait Events of Type <code class="literal">LWLock</code></strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Wait Events of Type LWLock" border="1"><colgroup><col /><col /></colgroup><thead><tr><th><code class="literal">LWLock</code> Wait Event</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code class="literal">AddinShmemInit</code></td><td>Waiting to manage an extension's space allocation in shared
memory.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">AutoFile</code></td><td>Waiting to update the <code class="filename">postgresql.auto.conf</code>
file.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">Autovacuum</code></td><td>Waiting to read or update the current state of autovacuum
workers.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">AutovacuumSchedule</code></td><td>Waiting to ensure that a table selected for autovacuum
still needs vacuuming.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">BackgroundWorker</code></td><td>Waiting to read or update background worker state.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">BtreeVacuum</code></td><td>Waiting to read or update vacuum-related information for a
B-tree index.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">BufferContent</code></td><td>Waiting to access a data page in memory.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">BufferMapping</code></td><td>Waiting to associate a data block with a buffer in the buffer
pool.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">CheckpointerComm</code></td><td>Waiting to manage fsync requests.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">CommitTs</code></td><td>Waiting to read or update the last value set for a
transaction commit timestamp.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">CommitTsBuffer</code></td><td>Waiting for I/O on a commit timestamp SLRU buffer.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">CommitTsSLRU</code></td><td>Waiting to access the commit timestamp SLRU cache.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">ControlFile</code></td><td>Waiting to read or update the <code class="filename">pg_control</code>
file or create a new WAL file.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">DynamicSharedMemoryControl</code></td><td>Waiting to read or update dynamic shared memory allocation
information.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">LockFastPath</code></td><td>Waiting to read or update a process' fast-path lock
information.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">LockManager</code></td><td>Waiting to read or update information
about <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">heavyweight</span>”</span> locks.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">LogicalRepWorker</code></td><td>Waiting to read or update the state of logical replication
workers.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">MultiXactGen</code></td><td>Waiting to read or update shared multixact state.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">MultiXactMemberBuffer</code></td><td>Waiting for I/O on a multixact member SLRU buffer.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">MultiXactMemberSLRU</code></td><td>Waiting to access the multixact member SLRU cache.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">MultiXactOffsetBuffer</code></td><td>Waiting for I/O on a multixact offset SLRU buffer.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">MultiXactOffsetSLRU</code></td><td>Waiting to access the multixact offset SLRU cache.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">MultiXactTruncation</code></td><td>Waiting to read or truncate multixact information.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">NotifyBuffer</code></td><td>Waiting for I/O on a <code class="command">NOTIFY</code> message SLRU
buffer.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">NotifyQueue</code></td><td>Waiting to read or update <code class="command">NOTIFY</code> messages.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">NotifyQueueTail</code></td><td>Waiting to update limit on <code class="command">NOTIFY</code> message
storage.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">NotifySLRU</code></td><td>Waiting to access the <code class="command">NOTIFY</code> message SLRU
cache.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">OidGen</code></td><td>Waiting to allocate a new OID.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">OldSnapshotTimeMap</code></td><td>Waiting to read or update old snapshot control information.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">ParallelAppend</code></td><td>Waiting to choose the next subplan during Parallel Append plan
execution.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">ParallelHashJoin</code></td><td>Waiting to synchronize workers during Parallel Hash Join plan
execution.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">ParallelQueryDSA</code></td><td>Waiting for parallel query dynamic shared memory allocation.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">PerSessionDSA</code></td><td>Waiting for parallel query dynamic shared memory allocation.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">PerSessionRecordType</code></td><td>Waiting to access a parallel query's information about composite
types.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">PerSessionRecordTypmod</code></td><td>Waiting to access a parallel query's information about type
modifiers that identify anonymous record types.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">PerXactPredicateList</code></td><td>Waiting to access the list of predicate locks held by the current
serializable transaction during a parallel query.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">PredicateLockManager</code></td><td>Waiting to access predicate lock information used by
serializable transactions.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">ProcArray</code></td><td>Waiting to access the shared per-process data structures
(typically, to get a snapshot or report a session's transaction
ID).</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">RelationMapping</code></td><td>Waiting to read or update
a <code class="filename">pg_filenode.map</code> file (used to track the
filenode assignments of certain system catalogs).</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">RelCacheInit</code></td><td>Waiting to read or update a <code class="filename">pg_internal.init</code>
relation cache initialization file.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">ReplicationOrigin</code></td><td>Waiting to create, drop or use a replication origin.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">ReplicationOriginState</code></td><td>Waiting to read or update the progress of one replication
origin.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">ReplicationSlotAllocation</code></td><td>Waiting to allocate or free a replication slot.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">ReplicationSlotControl</code></td><td>Waiting to read or update replication slot state.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">ReplicationSlotIO</code></td><td>Waiting for I/O on a replication slot.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">SerialBuffer</code></td><td>Waiting for I/O on a serializable transaction conflict SLRU
buffer.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">SerializableFinishedList</code></td><td>Waiting to access the list of finished serializable
transactions.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">SerializablePredicateList</code></td><td>Waiting to access the list of predicate locks held by
serializable transactions.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">PgStatsDSA</code></td><td>Waiting for stats dynamic shared memory allocator access</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">PgStatsHash</code></td><td>Waiting for stats shared memory hash table access</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">PgStatsData</code></td><td>Waiting for shared memory stats data access</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">SerializableXactHash</code></td><td>Waiting to read or update information about serializable
transactions.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">SerialSLRU</code></td><td>Waiting to access the serializable transaction conflict SLRU
cache.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">SharedTidBitmap</code></td><td>Waiting to access a shared TID bitmap during a parallel bitmap
index scan.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">SharedTupleStore</code></td><td>Waiting to access a shared tuple store during parallel
query.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">ShmemIndex</code></td><td>Waiting to find or allocate space in shared memory.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">SInvalRead</code></td><td>Waiting to retrieve messages from the shared catalog invalidation
queue.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">SInvalWrite</code></td><td>Waiting to add a message to the shared catalog invalidation
queue.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">SubtransBuffer</code></td><td>Waiting for I/O on a sub-transaction SLRU buffer.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">SubtransSLRU</code></td><td>Waiting to access the sub-transaction SLRU cache.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">SyncRep</code></td><td>Waiting to read or update information about the state of
synchronous replication.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">SyncScan</code></td><td>Waiting to select the starting location of a synchronized table
scan.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">TablespaceCreate</code></td><td>Waiting to create or drop a tablespace.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">TwoPhaseState</code></td><td>Waiting to read or update the state of prepared transactions.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">WALBufMapping</code></td><td>Waiting to replace a page in WAL buffers.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">WALInsert</code></td><td>Waiting to insert WAL data into a memory buffer.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">WALWrite</code></td><td>Waiting for WAL buffers to be written to disk.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">WrapLimitsVacuum</code></td><td>Waiting to update limits on transaction id and multixact
consumption.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">XactBuffer</code></td><td>Waiting for I/O on a transaction status SLRU buffer.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">XactSLRU</code></td><td>Waiting to access the transaction status SLRU cache.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">XactTruncation</code></td><td>Waiting to execute <code class="function">pg_xact_status</code> or update
the oldest transaction ID available to it.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">XidGen</code></td><td>Waiting to allocate a new transaction ID.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="note"><h3 class="title">Note</h3><p>
Extensions can add <code class="literal">LWLock</code> types to the list shown in
<a class="xref" href="monitoring-stats.html#WAIT-EVENT-LWLOCK-TABLE" title="Table 28.12. Wait Events of Type LWLock">Table 28.12</a>. In some cases, the name
assigned by an extension will not be available in all server processes;
so an <code class="literal">LWLock</code> wait event might be reported as
just <span class="quote">“<span class="quote"><code class="literal">extension</code></span>”</span> rather than the
extension-assigned name.
</p></div><div class="table" id="WAIT-EVENT-TIMEOUT-TABLE"><p class="title"><strong>Table 28.13. Wait Events of Type <code class="literal">Timeout</code></strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Wait Events of Type Timeout" border="1"><colgroup><col /><col /></colgroup><thead><tr><th><code class="literal">Timeout</code> Wait Event</th><th>Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code class="literal">BaseBackupThrottle</code></td><td>Waiting during base backup when throttling activity.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">CheckpointWriteDelay</code></td><td>Waiting between writes while performing a checkpoint.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">PgSleep</code></td><td>Waiting due to a call to <code class="function">pg_sleep</code> or
a sibling function.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">RecoveryApplyDelay</code></td><td>Waiting to apply WAL during recovery because of a delay
setting.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">RecoveryRetrieveRetryInterval</code></td><td>Waiting during recovery when WAL data is not available from any
source (<code class="filename">pg_wal</code>, archive or stream).</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">RegisterSyncRequest</code></td><td>Waiting while sending synchronization requests to the
checkpointer, because the request queue is full.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">VacuumDelay</code></td><td>Waiting in a cost-based vacuum delay point.</td></tr><tr><td><code class="literal">VacuumTruncate</code></td><td>Waiting to acquire an exclusive lock to truncate off any
empty pages at the end of a table vacuumed.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><p>
Here is an example of how wait events can be viewed:
</p><pre class="programlisting">
SELECT pid, wait_event_type, wait_event FROM pg_stat_activity WHERE wait_event is NOT NULL;
pid | wait_event_type | wait_event
------+-----------------+------------
2540 | Lock | relation
6644 | LWLock | ProcArray
(2 rows)
</pre><p>
</p></div><div class="sect2" id="MONITORING-PG-STAT-REPLICATION-VIEW"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">28.2.4. <code class="structname">pg_stat_replication</code></h3></div></div></div><a id="id-1.6.15.7.8.2" class="indexterm"></a><p>
The <code class="structname">pg_stat_replication</code> view will contain one row
per WAL sender process, showing statistics about replication to that
sender's connected standby server. Only directly connected standbys are
listed; no information is available about downstream standby servers.
</p><div class="table" id="PG-STAT-REPLICATION-VIEW"><p class="title"><strong>Table 28.14. <code class="structname">pg_stat_replication</code> View</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="pg_stat_replication View" border="1"><colgroup><col /></colgroup><thead><tr><th class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
Column Type
</p>
<p>
Description
</p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">pid</code> <code class="type">integer</code>
</p>
<p>
Process ID of a WAL sender process
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">usesysid</code> <code class="type">oid</code>
</p>
<p>
OID of the user logged into this WAL sender process
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">usename</code> <code class="type">name</code>
</p>
<p>
Name of the user logged into this WAL sender process
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">application_name</code> <code class="type">text</code>
</p>
<p>
Name of the application that is connected
to this WAL sender
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">client_addr</code> <code class="type">inet</code>
</p>
<p>
IP address of the client connected to this WAL sender.
If this field is null, it indicates that the client is
connected via a Unix socket on the server machine.
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">client_hostname</code> <code class="type">text</code>
</p>
<p>
Host name of the connected client, as reported by a
reverse DNS lookup of <code class="structfield">client_addr</code>. This field will
only be non-null for IP connections, and only when <a class="xref" href="runtime-config-logging.html#GUC-LOG-HOSTNAME">log_hostname</a> is enabled.
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">client_port</code> <code class="type">integer</code>
</p>
<p>
TCP port number that the client is using for communication
with this WAL sender, or <code class="literal">-1</code> if a Unix socket is used
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">backend_start</code> <code class="type">timestamp with time zone</code>
</p>
<p>
Time when this process was started, i.e., when the
client connected to this WAL sender
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">backend_xmin</code> <code class="type">xid</code>
</p>
<p>
This standby's <code class="literal">xmin</code> horizon reported
by <a class="xref" href="runtime-config-replication.html#GUC-HOT-STANDBY-FEEDBACK">hot_standby_feedback</a>.
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">state</code> <code class="type">text</code>
</p>
<p>
Current WAL sender state.
Possible values are:
</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>
<code class="literal">startup</code>: This WAL sender is starting up.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
<code class="literal">catchup</code>: This WAL sender's connected standby is
catching up with the primary.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
<code class="literal">streaming</code>: This WAL sender is streaming changes
after its connected standby server has caught up with the primary.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
<code class="literal">backup</code>: This WAL sender is sending a backup.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
<code class="literal">stopping</code>: This WAL sender is stopping.
</p></li></ul></div><p>
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">sent_lsn</code> <code class="type">pg_lsn</code>
</p>
<p>
Last write-ahead log location sent on this connection
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">write_lsn</code> <code class="type">pg_lsn</code>
</p>
<p>
Last write-ahead log location written to disk by this standby
server
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">flush_lsn</code> <code class="type">pg_lsn</code>
</p>
<p>
Last write-ahead log location flushed to disk by this standby
server
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">replay_lsn</code> <code class="type">pg_lsn</code>
</p>
<p>
Last write-ahead log location replayed into the database on this
standby server
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">write_lag</code> <code class="type">interval</code>
</p>
<p>
Time elapsed between flushing recent WAL locally and receiving
notification that this standby server has written it (but not yet
flushed it or applied it). This can be used to gauge the delay that
<code class="literal">synchronous_commit</code> level
<code class="literal">remote_write</code> incurred while committing if this
server was configured as a synchronous standby.
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">flush_lag</code> <code class="type">interval</code>
</p>
<p>
Time elapsed between flushing recent WAL locally and receiving
notification that this standby server has written and flushed it
(but not yet applied it). This can be used to gauge the delay that
<code class="literal">synchronous_commit</code> level
<code class="literal">on</code> incurred while committing if this
server was configured as a synchronous standby.
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">replay_lag</code> <code class="type">interval</code>
</p>
<p>
Time elapsed between flushing recent WAL locally and receiving
notification that this standby server has written, flushed and
applied it. This can be used to gauge the delay that
<code class="literal">synchronous_commit</code> level
<code class="literal">remote_apply</code> incurred while committing if this
server was configured as a synchronous standby.
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">sync_priority</code> <code class="type">integer</code>
</p>
<p>
Priority of this standby server for being chosen as the
synchronous standby in a priority-based synchronous replication.
This has no effect in a quorum-based synchronous replication.
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">sync_state</code> <code class="type">text</code>
</p>
<p>
Synchronous state of this standby server.
Possible values are:
</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>
<code class="literal">async</code>: This standby server is asynchronous.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
<code class="literal">potential</code>: This standby server is now asynchronous,
but can potentially become synchronous if one of current
synchronous ones fails.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
<code class="literal">sync</code>: This standby server is synchronous.
</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
<code class="literal">quorum</code>: This standby server is considered as a candidate
for quorum standbys.
</p></li></ul></div><p>
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">reply_time</code> <code class="type">timestamp with time zone</code>
</p>
<p>
Send time of last reply message received from standby server
</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><p>
The lag times reported in the <code class="structname">pg_stat_replication</code>
view are measurements of the time taken for recent WAL to be written,
flushed and replayed and for the sender to know about it. These times
represent the commit delay that was (or would have been) introduced by each
synchronous commit level, if the remote server was configured as a
synchronous standby. For an asynchronous standby, the
<code class="structfield">replay_lag</code> column approximates the delay
before recent transactions became visible to queries. If the standby
server has entirely caught up with the sending server and there is no more
WAL activity, the most recently measured lag times will continue to be
displayed for a short time and then show NULL.
</p><p>
Lag times work automatically for physical replication. Logical decoding
plugins may optionally emit tracking messages; if they do not, the tracking
mechanism will simply display NULL lag.
</p><div class="note"><h3 class="title">Note</h3><p>
The reported lag times are not predictions of how long it will take for
the standby to catch up with the sending server assuming the current
rate of replay. Such a system would show similar times while new WAL is
being generated, but would differ when the sender becomes idle. In
particular, when the standby has caught up completely,
<code class="structname">pg_stat_replication</code> shows the time taken to
write, flush and replay the most recent reported WAL location rather than
zero as some users might expect. This is consistent with the goal of
measuring synchronous commit and transaction visibility delays for
recent write transactions.
To reduce confusion for users expecting a different model of lag, the
lag columns revert to NULL after a short time on a fully replayed idle
system. Monitoring systems should choose whether to represent this
as missing data, zero or continue to display the last known value.
</p></div></div><div class="sect2" id="MONITORING-PG-STAT-REPLICATION-SLOTS-VIEW"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">28.2.5. <code class="structname">pg_stat_replication_slots</code></h3></div></div></div><a id="id-1.6.15.7.9.2" class="indexterm"></a><p>
The <code class="structname">pg_stat_replication_slots</code> view will contain
one row per logical replication slot, showing statistics about its usage.
</p><div class="table" id="PG-STAT-REPLICATION-SLOTS-VIEW"><p class="title"><strong>Table 28.15. <code class="structname">pg_stat_replication_slots</code> View</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="pg_stat_replication_slots View" border="1"><colgroup><col /></colgroup><thead><tr><th class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
Column Type
</p>
<p>
Description
</p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">slot_name</code> <code class="type">text</code>
</p>
<p>
A unique, cluster-wide identifier for the replication slot
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">spill_txns</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of transactions spilled to disk once the memory used by
logical decoding to decode changes from WAL has exceeded
<code class="literal">logical_decoding_work_mem</code>. The counter gets
incremented for both top-level transactions and subtransactions.
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">spill_count</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of times transactions were spilled to disk while decoding
changes from WAL for this slot. This counter is incremented each time
a transaction is spilled, and the same transaction may be spilled
multiple times.
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">spill_bytes</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Amount of decoded transaction data spilled to disk while performing
decoding of changes from WAL for this slot. This and other spill
counters can be used to gauge the I/O which occurred during logical
decoding and allow tuning <code class="literal">logical_decoding_work_mem</code>.
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">stream_txns</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of in-progress transactions streamed to the decoding output
plugin after the memory used by logical decoding to decode changes
from WAL for this slot has exceeded
<code class="literal">logical_decoding_work_mem</code>. Streaming only
works with top-level transactions (subtransactions can't be streamed
independently), so the counter is not incremented for subtransactions.
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">stream_count</code><code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of times in-progress transactions were streamed to the decoding
output plugin while decoding changes from WAL for this slot. This
counter is incremented each time a transaction is streamed, and the
same transaction may be streamed multiple times.
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">stream_bytes</code><code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Amount of transaction data decoded for streaming in-progress
transactions to the decoding output plugin while decoding changes from
WAL for this slot. This and other streaming counters for this slot can
be used to tune <code class="literal">logical_decoding_work_mem</code>.
</p>
</td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">total_txns</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of decoded transactions sent to the decoding output plugin for
this slot. This counts top-level transactions only, and is not incremented
for subtransactions. Note that this includes the transactions that are
streamed and/or spilled.
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">total_bytes</code><code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Amount of transaction data decoded for sending transactions to the
decoding output plugin while decoding changes from WAL for this slot.
Note that this includes data that is streamed and/or spilled.
</p>
</td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">stats_reset</code> <code class="type">timestamp with time zone</code>
</p>
<p>
Time at which these statistics were last reset
</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></div><div class="sect2" id="MONITORING-PG-STAT-WAL-RECEIVER-VIEW"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">28.2.6. <code class="structname">pg_stat_wal_receiver</code></h3></div></div></div><a id="id-1.6.15.7.10.2" class="indexterm"></a><p>
The <code class="structname">pg_stat_wal_receiver</code> view will contain only
one row, showing statistics about the WAL receiver from that receiver's
connected server.
</p><div class="table" id="PG-STAT-WAL-RECEIVER-VIEW"><p class="title"><strong>Table 28.16. <code class="structname">pg_stat_wal_receiver</code> View</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="pg_stat_wal_receiver View" border="1"><colgroup><col /></colgroup><thead><tr><th class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
Column Type
</p>
<p>
Description
</p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">pid</code> <code class="type">integer</code>
</p>
<p>
Process ID of the WAL receiver process
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">status</code> <code class="type">text</code>
</p>
<p>
Activity status of the WAL receiver process
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">receive_start_lsn</code> <code class="type">pg_lsn</code>
</p>
<p>
First write-ahead log location used when WAL receiver is
started
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">receive_start_tli</code> <code class="type">integer</code>
</p>
<p>
First timeline number used when WAL receiver is started
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">written_lsn</code> <code class="type">pg_lsn</code>
</p>
<p>
Last write-ahead log location already received and written to disk,
but not flushed. This should not be used for data integrity checks.
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">flushed_lsn</code> <code class="type">pg_lsn</code>
</p>
<p>
Last write-ahead log location already received and flushed to
disk, the initial value of this field being the first log location used
when WAL receiver is started
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">received_tli</code> <code class="type">integer</code>
</p>
<p>
Timeline number of last write-ahead log location received and
flushed to disk, the initial value of this field being the timeline
number of the first log location used when WAL receiver is started
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">last_msg_send_time</code> <code class="type">timestamp with time zone</code>
</p>
<p>
Send time of last message received from origin WAL sender
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">last_msg_receipt_time</code> <code class="type">timestamp with time zone</code>
</p>
<p>
Receipt time of last message received from origin WAL sender
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">latest_end_lsn</code> <code class="type">pg_lsn</code>
</p>
<p>
Last write-ahead log location reported to origin WAL sender
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">latest_end_time</code> <code class="type">timestamp with time zone</code>
</p>
<p>
Time of last write-ahead log location reported to origin WAL sender
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">slot_name</code> <code class="type">text</code>
</p>
<p>
Replication slot name used by this WAL receiver
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">sender_host</code> <code class="type">text</code>
</p>
<p>
Host of the <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> instance
this WAL receiver is connected to. This can be a host name,
an IP address, or a directory path if the connection is via
Unix socket. (The path case can be distinguished because it
will always be an absolute path, beginning with <code class="literal">/</code>.)
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">sender_port</code> <code class="type">integer</code>
</p>
<p>
Port number of the <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> instance
this WAL receiver is connected to.
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">conninfo</code> <code class="type">text</code>
</p>
<p>
Connection string used by this WAL receiver,
with security-sensitive fields obfuscated.
</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></div><div class="sect2" id="MONITORING-PG-STAT-RECOVERY-PREFETCH"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">28.2.7. <code class="structname">pg_stat_recovery_prefetch</code></h3></div></div></div><a id="id-1.6.15.7.11.2" class="indexterm"></a><p>
The <code class="structname">pg_stat_recovery_prefetch</code> view will contain
only one row. The columns <code class="structfield">wal_distance</code>,
<code class="structfield">block_distance</code> and
<code class="structfield">io_depth</code> show current values, and the
other columns show cumulative counters that can be reset
with the <code class="function">pg_stat_reset_shared</code> function.
</p><div class="table" id="PG-STAT-RECOVERY-PREFETCH-VIEW"><p class="title"><strong>Table 28.17. <code class="structname">pg_stat_recovery_prefetch</code> View</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="pg_stat_recovery_prefetch View" border="1"><colgroup><col /></colgroup><thead><tr><th class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
Column Type
</p>
<p>
Description
</p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry">
<p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">stats_reset</code> <code class="type">timestamp with time zone</code>
</p>
<p>
Time at which these statistics were last reset
</p>
</td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry">
<p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">prefetch</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of blocks prefetched because they were not in the buffer pool
</p>
</td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry">
<p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">hit</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of blocks not prefetched because they were already in the buffer pool
</p>
</td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry">
<p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">skip_init</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of blocks not prefetched because they would be zero-initialized
</p>
</td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry">
<p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">skip_new</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of blocks not prefetched because they didn't exist yet
</p>
</td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry">
<p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">skip_fpw</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of blocks not prefetched because a full page image was included in the WAL
</p>
</td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry">
<p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">skip_rep</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of blocks not prefetched because they were already recently prefetched
</p>
</td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry">
<p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">wal_distance</code> <code class="type">int</code>
</p>
<p>
How many bytes ahead the prefetcher is looking
</p>
</td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry">
<p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">block_distance</code> <code class="type">int</code>
</p>
<p>
How many blocks ahead the prefetcher is looking
</p>
</td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry">
<p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">io_depth</code> <code class="type">int</code>
</p>
<p>
How many prefetches have been initiated but are not yet known to have completed
</p>
</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></div><div class="sect2" id="MONITORING-PG-STAT-SUBSCRIPTION"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">28.2.8. <code class="structname">pg_stat_subscription</code></h3></div></div></div><a id="id-1.6.15.7.12.2" class="indexterm"></a><div class="table" id="PG-STAT-SUBSCRIPTION"><p class="title"><strong>Table 28.18. <code class="structname">pg_stat_subscription</code> View</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="pg_stat_subscription View" border="1"><colgroup><col /></colgroup><thead><tr><th class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
Column Type
</p>
<p>
Description
</p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">subid</code> <code class="type">oid</code>
</p>
<p>
OID of the subscription
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">subname</code> <code class="type">name</code>
</p>
<p>
Name of the subscription
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">pid</code> <code class="type">integer</code>
</p>
<p>
Process ID of the subscription worker process
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">relid</code> <code class="type">oid</code>
</p>
<p>
OID of the relation that the worker is synchronizing; null for the
main apply worker
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">received_lsn</code> <code class="type">pg_lsn</code>
</p>
<p>
Last write-ahead log location received, the initial value of
this field being 0
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">last_msg_send_time</code> <code class="type">timestamp with time zone</code>
</p>
<p>
Send time of last message received from origin WAL sender
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">last_msg_receipt_time</code> <code class="type">timestamp with time zone</code>
</p>
<p>
Receipt time of last message received from origin WAL sender
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">latest_end_lsn</code> <code class="type">pg_lsn</code>
</p>
<p>
Last write-ahead log location reported to origin WAL sender
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">latest_end_time</code> <code class="type">timestamp with time zone</code>
</p>
<p>
Time of last write-ahead log location reported to origin WAL
sender
</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></div><div class="sect2" id="MONITORING-PG-STAT-SUBSCRIPTION-STATS"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">28.2.9. <code class="structname">pg_stat_subscription_stats</code></h3></div></div></div><a id="id-1.6.15.7.13.2" class="indexterm"></a><p>
The <code class="structname">pg_stat_subscription_stats</code> view will contain
one row per subscription.
</p><div class="table" id="PG-STAT-SUBSCRIPTION-STATS"><p class="title"><strong>Table 28.19. <code class="structname">pg_stat_subscription_stats</code> View</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="pg_stat_subscription_stats View" border="1"><colgroup><col /></colgroup><thead><tr><th class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
Column Type
</p>
<p>
Description
</p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">subid</code> <code class="type">oid</code>
</p>
<p>
OID of the subscription
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">subname</code> <code class="type">name</code>
</p>
<p>
Name of the subscription
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">apply_error_count</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of times an error occurred while applying changes
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">sync_error_count</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of times an error occurred during the initial table
synchronization
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">stats_reset</code> <code class="type">timestamp with time zone</code>
</p>
<p>
Time at which these statistics were last reset
</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></div><div class="sect2" id="MONITORING-PG-STAT-SSL-VIEW"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">28.2.10. <code class="structname">pg_stat_ssl</code></h3></div></div></div><a id="id-1.6.15.7.14.2" class="indexterm"></a><p>
The <code class="structname">pg_stat_ssl</code> view will contain one row per
backend or WAL sender process, showing statistics about SSL usage on
this connection. It can be joined to <code class="structname">pg_stat_activity</code>
or <code class="structname">pg_stat_replication</code> on the
<code class="structfield">pid</code> column to get more details about the
connection.
</p><div class="table" id="PG-STAT-SSL-VIEW"><p class="title"><strong>Table 28.20. <code class="structname">pg_stat_ssl</code> View</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="pg_stat_ssl View" border="1"><colgroup><col /></colgroup><thead><tr><th class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
Column Type
</p>
<p>
Description
</p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">pid</code> <code class="type">integer</code>
</p>
<p>
Process ID of a backend or WAL sender process
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">ssl</code> <code class="type">boolean</code>
</p>
<p>
True if SSL is used on this connection
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">version</code> <code class="type">text</code>
</p>
<p>
Version of SSL in use, or NULL if SSL is not in use
on this connection
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">cipher</code> <code class="type">text</code>
</p>
<p>
Name of SSL cipher in use, or NULL if SSL is not in use
on this connection
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">bits</code> <code class="type">integer</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of bits in the encryption algorithm used, or NULL
if SSL is not used on this connection
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">client_dn</code> <code class="type">text</code>
</p>
<p>
Distinguished Name (DN) field from the client certificate
used, or NULL if no client certificate was supplied or if SSL
is not in use on this connection. This field is truncated if the
DN field is longer than <code class="symbol">NAMEDATALEN</code> (64 characters
in a standard build).
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">client_serial</code> <code class="type">numeric</code>
</p>
<p>
Serial number of the client certificate, or NULL if no client
certificate was supplied or if SSL is not in use on this connection. The
combination of certificate serial number and certificate issuer uniquely
identifies a certificate (unless the issuer erroneously reuses serial
numbers).
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">issuer_dn</code> <code class="type">text</code>
</p>
<p>
DN of the issuer of the client certificate, or NULL if no client
certificate was supplied or if SSL is not in use on this connection.
This field is truncated like <code class="structfield">client_dn</code>.
</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></div><div class="sect2" id="MONITORING-PG-STAT-GSSAPI-VIEW"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">28.2.11. <code class="structname">pg_stat_gssapi</code></h3></div></div></div><a id="id-1.6.15.7.15.2" class="indexterm"></a><p>
The <code class="structname">pg_stat_gssapi</code> view will contain one row per
backend, showing information about GSSAPI usage on this connection. It can
be joined to <code class="structname">pg_stat_activity</code> or
<code class="structname">pg_stat_replication</code> on the
<code class="structfield">pid</code> column to get more details about the
connection.
</p><div class="table" id="PG-STAT-GSSAPI-VIEW"><p class="title"><strong>Table 28.21. <code class="structname">pg_stat_gssapi</code> View</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="pg_stat_gssapi View" border="1"><colgroup><col /></colgroup><thead><tr><th class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
Column Type
</p>
<p>
Description
</p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">pid</code> <code class="type">integer</code>
</p>
<p>
Process ID of a backend
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">gss_authenticated</code> <code class="type">boolean</code>
</p>
<p>
True if GSSAPI authentication was used for this connection
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">principal</code> <code class="type">text</code>
</p>
<p>
Principal used to authenticate this connection, or NULL
if GSSAPI was not used to authenticate this connection. This
field is truncated if the principal is longer than
<code class="symbol">NAMEDATALEN</code> (64 characters in a standard build).
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">encrypted</code> <code class="type">boolean</code>
</p>
<p>
True if GSSAPI encryption is in use on this connection
</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></div><div class="sect2" id="MONITORING-PG-STAT-ARCHIVER-VIEW"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">28.2.12. <code class="structname">pg_stat_archiver</code></h3></div></div></div><a id="id-1.6.15.7.16.2" class="indexterm"></a><p>
The <code class="structname">pg_stat_archiver</code> view will always have a
single row, containing data about the archiver process of the cluster.
</p><div class="table" id="PG-STAT-ARCHIVER-VIEW"><p class="title"><strong>Table 28.22. <code class="structname">pg_stat_archiver</code> View</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="pg_stat_archiver View" border="1"><colgroup><col /></colgroup><thead><tr><th class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
Column Type
</p>
<p>
Description
</p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">archived_count</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of WAL files that have been successfully archived
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">last_archived_wal</code> <code class="type">text</code>
</p>
<p>
Name of the WAL file most recently successfully archived
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">last_archived_time</code> <code class="type">timestamp with time zone</code>
</p>
<p>
Time of the most recent successful archive operation
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">failed_count</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of failed attempts for archiving WAL files
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">last_failed_wal</code> <code class="type">text</code>
</p>
<p>
Name of the WAL file of the most recent failed archival operation
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">last_failed_time</code> <code class="type">timestamp with time zone</code>
</p>
<p>
Time of the most recent failed archival operation
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">stats_reset</code> <code class="type">timestamp with time zone</code>
</p>
<p>
Time at which these statistics were last reset
</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><p>
Normally, WAL files are archived in order, oldest to newest, but that is
not guaranteed, and does not hold under special circumstances like when
promoting a standby or after crash recovery. Therefore it is not safe to
assume that all files older than
<code class="structfield">last_archived_wal</code> have also been successfully
archived.
</p></div><div class="sect2" id="MONITORING-PG-STAT-BGWRITER-VIEW"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">28.2.13. <code class="structname">pg_stat_bgwriter</code></h3></div></div></div><a id="id-1.6.15.7.17.2" class="indexterm"></a><p>
The <code class="structname">pg_stat_bgwriter</code> view will always have a
single row, containing global data for the cluster.
</p><div class="table" id="PG-STAT-BGWRITER-VIEW"><p class="title"><strong>Table 28.23. <code class="structname">pg_stat_bgwriter</code> View</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="pg_stat_bgwriter View" border="1"><colgroup><col /></colgroup><thead><tr><th class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
Column Type
</p>
<p>
Description
</p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">checkpoints_timed</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of scheduled checkpoints that have been performed
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">checkpoints_req</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of requested checkpoints that have been performed
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">checkpoint_write_time</code> <code class="type">double precision</code>
</p>
<p>
Total amount of time that has been spent in the portion of
checkpoint processing where files are written to disk, in milliseconds
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">checkpoint_sync_time</code> <code class="type">double precision</code>
</p>
<p>
Total amount of time that has been spent in the portion of
checkpoint processing where files are synchronized to disk, in
milliseconds
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">buffers_checkpoint</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of buffers written during checkpoints
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">buffers_clean</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of buffers written by the background writer
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">maxwritten_clean</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of times the background writer stopped a cleaning
scan because it had written too many buffers
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">buffers_backend</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of buffers written directly by a backend
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">buffers_backend_fsync</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of times a backend had to execute its own
<code class="function">fsync</code> call (normally the background writer handles those
even when the backend does its own write)
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">buffers_alloc</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of buffers allocated
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">stats_reset</code> <code class="type">timestamp with time zone</code>
</p>
<p>
Time at which these statistics were last reset
</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></div><div class="sect2" id="MONITORING-PG-STAT-WAL-VIEW"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">28.2.14. <code class="structname">pg_stat_wal</code></h3></div></div></div><a id="id-1.6.15.7.18.2" class="indexterm"></a><p>
The <code class="structname">pg_stat_wal</code> view will always have a
single row, containing data about WAL activity of the cluster.
</p><div class="table" id="PG-STAT-WAL-VIEW"><p class="title"><strong>Table 28.24. <code class="structname">pg_stat_wal</code> View</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="pg_stat_wal View" border="1"><colgroup><col /></colgroup><thead><tr><th class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
Column Type
</p>
<p>
Description
</p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">wal_records</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Total number of WAL records generated
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">wal_fpi</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Total number of WAL full page images generated
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">wal_bytes</code> <code class="type">numeric</code>
</p>
<p>
Total amount of WAL generated in bytes
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">wal_buffers_full</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of times WAL data was written to disk because WAL buffers became full
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">wal_write</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of times WAL buffers were written out to disk via
<code class="function">XLogWrite</code> request.
See <a class="xref" href="wal-configuration.html" title="30.5. WAL Configuration">Section 30.5</a> for more information about
the internal WAL function <code class="function">XLogWrite</code>.
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">wal_sync</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of times WAL files were synced to disk via
<code class="function">issue_xlog_fsync</code> request
(if <a class="xref" href="runtime-config-wal.html#GUC-FSYNC">fsync</a> is <code class="literal">on</code> and
<a class="xref" href="runtime-config-wal.html#GUC-WAL-SYNC-METHOD">wal_sync_method</a> is either
<code class="literal">fdatasync</code>, <code class="literal">fsync</code> or
<code class="literal">fsync_writethrough</code>, otherwise zero).
See <a class="xref" href="wal-configuration.html" title="30.5. WAL Configuration">Section 30.5</a> for more information about
the internal WAL function <code class="function">issue_xlog_fsync</code>.
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">wal_write_time</code> <code class="type">double precision</code>
</p>
<p>
Total amount of time spent writing WAL buffers to disk via
<code class="function">XLogWrite</code> request, in milliseconds
(if <a class="xref" href="runtime-config-statistics.html#GUC-TRACK-WAL-IO-TIMING">track_wal_io_timing</a> is enabled,
otherwise zero). This includes the sync time when
<code class="varname">wal_sync_method</code> is either
<code class="literal">open_datasync</code> or <code class="literal">open_sync</code>.
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">wal_sync_time</code> <code class="type">double precision</code>
</p>
<p>
Total amount of time spent syncing WAL files to disk via
<code class="function">issue_xlog_fsync</code> request, in milliseconds
(if <code class="varname">track_wal_io_timing</code> is enabled,
<code class="varname">fsync</code> is <code class="literal">on</code>, and
<code class="varname">wal_sync_method</code> is either
<code class="literal">fdatasync</code>, <code class="literal">fsync</code> or
<code class="literal">fsync_writethrough</code>, otherwise zero).
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">stats_reset</code> <code class="type">timestamp with time zone</code>
</p>
<p>
Time at which these statistics were last reset
</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></div><div class="sect2" id="MONITORING-PG-STAT-DATABASE-VIEW"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">28.2.15. <code class="structname">pg_stat_database</code></h3></div></div></div><a id="id-1.6.15.7.19.2" class="indexterm"></a><p>
The <code class="structname">pg_stat_database</code> view will contain one row
for each database in the cluster, plus one for shared objects, showing
database-wide statistics.
</p><div class="table" id="PG-STAT-DATABASE-VIEW"><p class="title"><strong>Table 28.25. <code class="structname">pg_stat_database</code> View</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="pg_stat_database View" border="1"><colgroup><col /></colgroup><thead><tr><th class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
Column Type
</p>
<p>
Description
</p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">datid</code> <code class="type">oid</code>
</p>
<p>
OID of this database, or 0 for objects belonging to a shared
relation
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">datname</code> <code class="type">name</code>
</p>
<p>
Name of this database, or <code class="literal">NULL</code> for shared
objects.
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">numbackends</code> <code class="type">integer</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of backends currently connected to this database, or
<code class="literal">NULL</code> for shared objects. This is the only column
in this view that returns a value reflecting current state; all other
columns return the accumulated values since the last reset.
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">xact_commit</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of transactions in this database that have been
committed
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">xact_rollback</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of transactions in this database that have been
rolled back
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">blks_read</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of disk blocks read in this database
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">blks_hit</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of times disk blocks were found already in the buffer
cache, so that a read was not necessary (this only includes hits in the
PostgreSQL buffer cache, not the operating system's file system cache)
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">tup_returned</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of live rows fetched by sequential scans and index entries returned by index scans in this database
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">tup_fetched</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of live rows fetched by index scans in this database
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">tup_inserted</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of rows inserted by queries in this database
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">tup_updated</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of rows updated by queries in this database
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">tup_deleted</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of rows deleted by queries in this database
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">conflicts</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of queries canceled due to conflicts with recovery
in this database. (Conflicts occur only on standby servers; see
<a class="link" href="monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-DATABASE-CONFLICTS-VIEW" title="28.2.16. pg_stat_database_conflicts">
<code class="structname">pg_stat_database_conflicts</code></a> for details.)
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">temp_files</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of temporary files created by queries in this database.
All temporary files are counted, regardless of why the temporary file
was created (e.g., sorting or hashing), and regardless of the
<a class="xref" href="runtime-config-logging.html#GUC-LOG-TEMP-FILES">log_temp_files</a> setting.
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">temp_bytes</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Total amount of data written to temporary files by queries in
this database. All temporary files are counted, regardless of why
the temporary file was created, and
regardless of the <a class="xref" href="runtime-config-logging.html#GUC-LOG-TEMP-FILES">log_temp_files</a> setting.
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">deadlocks</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of deadlocks detected in this database
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">checksum_failures</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of data page checksum failures detected in this
database (or on a shared object), or NULL if data checksums are not
enabled.
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">checksum_last_failure</code> <code class="type">timestamp with time zone</code>
</p>
<p>
Time at which the last data page checksum failure was detected in
this database (or on a shared object), or NULL if data checksums are not
enabled.
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">blk_read_time</code> <code class="type">double precision</code>
</p>
<p>
Time spent reading data file blocks by backends in this database,
in milliseconds (if <a class="xref" href="runtime-config-statistics.html#GUC-TRACK-IO-TIMING">track_io_timing</a> is enabled,
otherwise zero)
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">blk_write_time</code> <code class="type">double precision</code>
</p>
<p>
Time spent writing data file blocks by backends in this database,
in milliseconds (if <a class="xref" href="runtime-config-statistics.html#GUC-TRACK-IO-TIMING">track_io_timing</a> is enabled,
otherwise zero)
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">session_time</code> <code class="type">double precision</code>
</p>
<p>
Time spent by database sessions in this database, in milliseconds
(note that statistics are only updated when the state of a session
changes, so if sessions have been idle for a long time, this idle time
won't be included)
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">active_time</code> <code class="type">double precision</code>
</p>
<p>
Time spent executing SQL statements in this database, in milliseconds
(this corresponds to the states <code class="literal">active</code> and
<code class="literal">fastpath function call</code> in
<a class="link" href="monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-ACTIVITY-VIEW" title="28.2.3. pg_stat_activity">
<code class="structname">pg_stat_activity</code></a>)
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">idle_in_transaction_time</code> <code class="type">double precision</code>
</p>
<p>
Time spent idling while in a transaction in this database, in milliseconds
(this corresponds to the states <code class="literal">idle in transaction</code> and
<code class="literal">idle in transaction (aborted)</code> in
<a class="link" href="monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-ACTIVITY-VIEW" title="28.2.3. pg_stat_activity">
<code class="structname">pg_stat_activity</code></a>)
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">sessions</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Total number of sessions established to this database
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">sessions_abandoned</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of database sessions to this database that were terminated
because connection to the client was lost
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">sessions_fatal</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of database sessions to this database that were terminated
by fatal errors
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">sessions_killed</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of database sessions to this database that were terminated
by operator intervention
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">stats_reset</code> <code class="type">timestamp with time zone</code>
</p>
<p>
Time at which these statistics were last reset
</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></div><div class="sect2" id="MONITORING-PG-STAT-DATABASE-CONFLICTS-VIEW"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">28.2.16. <code class="structname">pg_stat_database_conflicts</code></h3></div></div></div><a id="id-1.6.15.7.20.2" class="indexterm"></a><p>
The <code class="structname">pg_stat_database_conflicts</code> view will contain
one row per database, showing database-wide statistics about
query cancels occurring due to conflicts with recovery on standby servers.
This view will only contain information on standby servers, since
conflicts do not occur on primary servers.
</p><div class="table" id="PG-STAT-DATABASE-CONFLICTS-VIEW"><p class="title"><strong>Table 28.26. <code class="structname">pg_stat_database_conflicts</code> View</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="pg_stat_database_conflicts View" border="1"><colgroup><col /></colgroup><thead><tr><th class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
Column Type
</p>
<p>
Description
</p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">datid</code> <code class="type">oid</code>
</p>
<p>
OID of a database
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">datname</code> <code class="type">name</code>
</p>
<p>
Name of this database
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">confl_tablespace</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to
dropped tablespaces
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">confl_lock</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to
lock timeouts
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">confl_snapshot</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to
old snapshots
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">confl_bufferpin</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to
pinned buffers
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">confl_deadlock</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of queries in this database that have been canceled due to
deadlocks
</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></div><div class="sect2" id="MONITORING-PG-STAT-ALL-TABLES-VIEW"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">28.2.17. <code class="structname">pg_stat_all_tables</code></h3></div></div></div><a id="id-1.6.15.7.21.2" class="indexterm"></a><p>
The <code class="structname">pg_stat_all_tables</code> view will contain
one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST
tables), showing statistics about accesses to that specific table. The
<code class="structname">pg_stat_user_tables</code> and
<code class="structname">pg_stat_sys_tables</code> views
contain the same information,
but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.
</p><div class="table" id="PG-STAT-ALL-TABLES-VIEW"><p class="title"><strong>Table 28.27. <code class="structname">pg_stat_all_tables</code> View</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="pg_stat_all_tables View" border="1"><colgroup><col /></colgroup><thead><tr><th class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
Column Type
</p>
<p>
Description
</p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">relid</code> <code class="type">oid</code>
</p>
<p>
OID of a table
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">schemaname</code> <code class="type">name</code>
</p>
<p>
Name of the schema that this table is in
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">relname</code> <code class="type">name</code>
</p>
<p>
Name of this table
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">seq_scan</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of sequential scans initiated on this table
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">seq_tup_read</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of live rows fetched by sequential scans
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">idx_scan</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of index scans initiated on this table
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">idx_tup_fetch</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of live rows fetched by index scans
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">n_tup_ins</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of rows inserted
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">n_tup_upd</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of rows updated (includes <a class="link" href="storage-hot.html" title="73.7. Heap-Only Tuples (HOT)">HOT updated rows</a>)
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">n_tup_del</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of rows deleted
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">n_tup_hot_upd</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of rows HOT updated (i.e., with no separate index
update required)
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">n_live_tup</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Estimated number of live rows
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">n_dead_tup</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Estimated number of dead rows
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">n_mod_since_analyze</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Estimated number of rows modified since this table was last analyzed
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">n_ins_since_vacuum</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Estimated number of rows inserted since this table was last vacuumed
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">last_vacuum</code> <code class="type">timestamp with time zone</code>
</p>
<p>
Last time at which this table was manually vacuumed
(not counting <code class="command">VACUUM FULL</code>)
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">last_autovacuum</code> <code class="type">timestamp with time zone</code>
</p>
<p>
Last time at which this table was vacuumed by the autovacuum
daemon
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">last_analyze</code> <code class="type">timestamp with time zone</code>
</p>
<p>
Last time at which this table was manually analyzed
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">last_autoanalyze</code> <code class="type">timestamp with time zone</code>
</p>
<p>
Last time at which this table was analyzed by the autovacuum
daemon
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">vacuum_count</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of times this table has been manually vacuumed
(not counting <code class="command">VACUUM FULL</code>)
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">autovacuum_count</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of times this table has been vacuumed by the autovacuum
daemon
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">analyze_count</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of times this table has been manually analyzed
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">autoanalyze_count</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of times this table has been analyzed by the autovacuum
daemon
</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></div><div class="sect2" id="MONITORING-PG-STAT-ALL-INDEXES-VIEW"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">28.2.18. <code class="structname">pg_stat_all_indexes</code></h3></div></div></div><a id="id-1.6.15.7.22.2" class="indexterm"></a><p>
The <code class="structname">pg_stat_all_indexes</code> view will contain
one row for each index in the current database,
showing statistics about accesses to that specific index. The
<code class="structname">pg_stat_user_indexes</code> and
<code class="structname">pg_stat_sys_indexes</code> views
contain the same information,
but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.
</p><div class="table" id="PG-STAT-ALL-INDEXES-VIEW"><p class="title"><strong>Table 28.28. <code class="structname">pg_stat_all_indexes</code> View</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="pg_stat_all_indexes View" border="1"><colgroup><col /></colgroup><thead><tr><th class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
Column Type
</p>
<p>
Description
</p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">relid</code> <code class="type">oid</code>
</p>
<p>
OID of the table for this index
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">indexrelid</code> <code class="type">oid</code>
</p>
<p>
OID of this index
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">schemaname</code> <code class="type">name</code>
</p>
<p>
Name of the schema this index is in
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">relname</code> <code class="type">name</code>
</p>
<p>
Name of the table for this index
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">indexrelname</code> <code class="type">name</code>
</p>
<p>
Name of this index
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">idx_scan</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of index scans initiated on this index
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">idx_tup_read</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of index entries returned by scans on this index
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">idx_tup_fetch</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of live table rows fetched by simple index scans using this
index
</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><p>
Indexes can be used by simple index scans, <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">bitmap</span>”</span> index scans,
and the optimizer. In a bitmap scan
the output of several indexes can be combined via AND or OR rules,
so it is difficult to associate individual heap row fetches
with specific indexes when a bitmap scan is used. Therefore, a bitmap
scan increments the
<code class="structname">pg_stat_all_indexes</code>.<code class="structfield">idx_tup_read</code>
count(s) for the index(es) it uses, and it increments the
<code class="structname">pg_stat_all_tables</code>.<code class="structfield">idx_tup_fetch</code>
count for the table, but it does not affect
<code class="structname">pg_stat_all_indexes</code>.<code class="structfield">idx_tup_fetch</code>.
The optimizer also accesses indexes to check for supplied constants
whose values are outside the recorded range of the optimizer statistics
because the optimizer statistics might be stale.
</p><div class="note"><h3 class="title">Note</h3><p>
The <code class="structfield">idx_tup_read</code> and <code class="structfield">idx_tup_fetch</code> counts
can be different even without any use of bitmap scans,
because <code class="structfield">idx_tup_read</code> counts
index entries retrieved from the index while <code class="structfield">idx_tup_fetch</code>
counts live rows fetched from the table. The latter will be less if any
dead or not-yet-committed rows are fetched using the index, or if any
heap fetches are avoided by means of an index-only scan.
</p></div></div><div class="sect2" id="MONITORING-PG-STATIO-ALL-TABLES-VIEW"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">28.2.19. <code class="structname">pg_statio_all_tables</code></h3></div></div></div><a id="id-1.6.15.7.23.2" class="indexterm"></a><p>
The <code class="structname">pg_statio_all_tables</code> view will contain
one row for each table in the current database (including TOAST
tables), showing statistics about I/O on that specific table. The
<code class="structname">pg_statio_user_tables</code> and
<code class="structname">pg_statio_sys_tables</code> views
contain the same information,
but filtered to only show user and system tables respectively.
</p><div class="table" id="PG-STATIO-ALL-TABLES-VIEW"><p class="title"><strong>Table 28.29. <code class="structname">pg_statio_all_tables</code> View</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="pg_statio_all_tables View" border="1"><colgroup><col /></colgroup><thead><tr><th class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
Column Type
</p>
<p>
Description
</p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">relid</code> <code class="type">oid</code>
</p>
<p>
OID of a table
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">schemaname</code> <code class="type">name</code>
</p>
<p>
Name of the schema that this table is in
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">relname</code> <code class="type">name</code>
</p>
<p>
Name of this table
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">heap_blks_read</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of disk blocks read from this table
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">heap_blks_hit</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of buffer hits in this table
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">idx_blks_read</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of disk blocks read from all indexes on this table
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">idx_blks_hit</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of buffer hits in all indexes on this table
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">toast_blks_read</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of disk blocks read from this table's TOAST table (if any)
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">toast_blks_hit</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of buffer hits in this table's TOAST table (if any)
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">tidx_blks_read</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of disk blocks read from this table's TOAST table indexes (if any)
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">tidx_blks_hit</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of buffer hits in this table's TOAST table indexes (if any)
</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></div><div class="sect2" id="MONITORING-PG-STATIO-ALL-INDEXES-VIEW"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">28.2.20. <code class="structname">pg_statio_all_indexes</code></h3></div></div></div><a id="id-1.6.15.7.24.2" class="indexterm"></a><p>
The <code class="structname">pg_statio_all_indexes</code> view will contain
one row for each index in the current database,
showing statistics about I/O on that specific index. The
<code class="structname">pg_statio_user_indexes</code> and
<code class="structname">pg_statio_sys_indexes</code> views
contain the same information,
but filtered to only show user and system indexes respectively.
</p><div class="table" id="PG-STATIO-ALL-INDEXES-VIEW"><p class="title"><strong>Table 28.30. <code class="structname">pg_statio_all_indexes</code> View</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="pg_statio_all_indexes View" border="1"><colgroup><col /></colgroup><thead><tr><th class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
Column Type
</p>
<p>
Description
</p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">relid</code> <code class="type">oid</code>
</p>
<p>
OID of the table for this index
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">indexrelid</code> <code class="type">oid</code>
</p>
<p>
OID of this index
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">schemaname</code> <code class="type">name</code>
</p>
<p>
Name of the schema this index is in
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">relname</code> <code class="type">name</code>
</p>
<p>
Name of the table for this index
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">indexrelname</code> <code class="type">name</code>
</p>
<p>
Name of this index
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">idx_blks_read</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of disk blocks read from this index
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">idx_blks_hit</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of buffer hits in this index
</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></div><div class="sect2" id="MONITORING-PG-STATIO-ALL-SEQUENCES-VIEW"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">28.2.21. <code class="structname">pg_statio_all_sequences</code></h3></div></div></div><a id="id-1.6.15.7.25.2" class="indexterm"></a><p>
The <code class="structname">pg_statio_all_sequences</code> view will contain
one row for each sequence in the current database,
showing statistics about I/O on that specific sequence.
</p><div class="table" id="PG-STATIO-ALL-SEQUENCES-VIEW"><p class="title"><strong>Table 28.31. <code class="structname">pg_statio_all_sequences</code> View</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="pg_statio_all_sequences View" border="1"><colgroup><col /></colgroup><thead><tr><th class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
Column Type
</p>
<p>
Description
</p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">relid</code> <code class="type">oid</code>
</p>
<p>
OID of a sequence
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">schemaname</code> <code class="type">name</code>
</p>
<p>
Name of the schema this sequence is in
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">relname</code> <code class="type">name</code>
</p>
<p>
Name of this sequence
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">blks_read</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of disk blocks read from this sequence
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">blks_hit</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of buffer hits in this sequence
</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></div><div class="sect2" id="MONITORING-PG-STAT-USER-FUNCTIONS-VIEW"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">28.2.22. <code class="structname">pg_stat_user_functions</code></h3></div></div></div><a id="id-1.6.15.7.26.2" class="indexterm"></a><p>
The <code class="structname">pg_stat_user_functions</code> view will contain
one row for each tracked function, showing statistics about executions of
that function. The <a class="xref" href="runtime-config-statistics.html#GUC-TRACK-FUNCTIONS">track_functions</a> parameter
controls exactly which functions are tracked.
</p><div class="table" id="PG-STAT-USER-FUNCTIONS-VIEW"><p class="title"><strong>Table 28.32. <code class="structname">pg_stat_user_functions</code> View</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="pg_stat_user_functions View" border="1"><colgroup><col /></colgroup><thead><tr><th class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
Column Type
</p>
<p>
Description
</p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">funcid</code> <code class="type">oid</code>
</p>
<p>
OID of a function
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">schemaname</code> <code class="type">name</code>
</p>
<p>
Name of the schema this function is in
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">funcname</code> <code class="type">name</code>
</p>
<p>
Name of this function
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">calls</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of times this function has been called
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">total_time</code> <code class="type">double precision</code>
</p>
<p>
Total time spent in this function and all other functions
called by it, in milliseconds
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">self_time</code> <code class="type">double precision</code>
</p>
<p>
Total time spent in this function itself, not including
other functions called by it, in milliseconds
</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></div><div class="sect2" id="MONITORING-PG-STAT-SLRU-VIEW"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">28.2.23. <code class="structname">pg_stat_slru</code></h3></div></div></div><a id="id-1.6.15.7.27.2" class="indexterm"></a><a id="id-1.6.15.7.27.3" class="indexterm"></a><p>
<span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> accesses certain on-disk information
via <em class="firstterm">SLRU</em> (simple least-recently-used) caches.
The <code class="structname">pg_stat_slru</code> view will contain
one row for each tracked SLRU cache, showing statistics about access
to cached pages.
</p><div class="table" id="PG-STAT-SLRU-VIEW"><p class="title"><strong>Table 28.33. <code class="structname">pg_stat_slru</code> View</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="pg_stat_slru View" border="1"><colgroup><col /></colgroup><thead><tr><th class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
Column Type
</p>
<p>
Description
</p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">name</code> <code class="type">text</code>
</p>
<p>
Name of the SLRU
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">blks_zeroed</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of blocks zeroed during initializations
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">blks_hit</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of times disk blocks were found already in the SLRU,
so that a read was not necessary (this only includes hits in the
SLRU, not the operating system's file system cache)
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">blks_read</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of disk blocks read for this SLRU
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">blks_written</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of disk blocks written for this SLRU
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">blks_exists</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of blocks checked for existence for this SLRU
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">flushes</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of flushes of dirty data for this SLRU
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">truncates</code> <code class="type">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Number of truncates for this SLRU
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="catalog_table_entry"><p class="column_definition">
<code class="structfield">stats_reset</code> <code class="type">timestamp with time zone</code>
</p>
<p>
Time at which these statistics were last reset
</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></div><div class="sect2" id="MONITORING-STATS-FUNCTIONS"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">28.2.24. Statistics Functions</h3></div></div></div><p>
Other ways of looking at the statistics can be set up by writing
queries that use the same underlying statistics access functions used by
the standard views shown above. For details such as the functions' names,
consult the definitions of the standard views. (For example, in
<span class="application">psql</span> you could issue <code class="literal">\d+ pg_stat_activity</code>.)
The access functions for per-database statistics take a database OID as an
argument to identify which database to report on.
The per-table and per-index functions take a table or index OID.
The functions for per-function statistics take a function OID.
Note that only tables, indexes, and functions in the current database
can be seen with these functions.
</p><p>
Additional functions related to the cumulative statistics system are listed
in <a class="xref" href="monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-FUNCS-TABLE" title="Table 28.34. Additional Statistics Functions">Table 28.34</a>.
</p><div class="table" id="MONITORING-STATS-FUNCS-TABLE"><p class="title"><strong>Table 28.34. Additional Statistics Functions</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Additional Statistics Functions" border="1"><colgroup><col /></colgroup><thead><tr><th class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature">
Function
</p>
<p>
Description
</p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature">
<code class="function">pg_backend_pid</code> ()
→ <code class="returnvalue">integer</code>
</p>
<p>
Returns the process ID of the server process attached to the current
session.
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature">
<a id="id-1.6.15.7.28.4.2.2.2.1.1.1" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="function">pg_stat_get_activity</code> ( <code class="type">integer</code> )
→ <code class="returnvalue">setof record</code>
</p>
<p>
Returns a record of information about the backend with the specified
process ID, or one record for each active backend in the system
if <code class="literal">NULL</code> is specified. The fields returned are a
subset of those in the <code class="structname">pg_stat_activity</code> view.
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature">
<a id="id-1.6.15.7.28.4.2.2.3.1.1.1" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="function">pg_stat_get_snapshot_timestamp</code> ()
→ <code class="returnvalue">timestamp with time zone</code>
</p>
<p>
Returns the timestamp of the current statistics snapshot, or NULL if
no statistics snapshot has been taken. A snapshot is taken the first
time cumulative statistics are accessed in a transaction if
<code class="varname">stats_fetch_consistency</code> is set to
<code class="literal">snapshot</code>
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature">
<a id="id-1.6.15.7.28.4.2.2.4.1.1.1" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="function">pg_stat_get_xact_blocks_fetched</code> ( <code class="type">oid</code> )
→ <code class="returnvalue">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Returns the number of block read requests for table or index, in the
current transaction. This number minus
<code class="function">pg_stat_get_xact_blocks_hit</code> gives the number of
kernel <code class="function">read()</code> calls; the number of actual
physical reads is usually lower due to kernel-level buffering.
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature">
<a id="id-1.6.15.7.28.4.2.2.5.1.1.1" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="function">pg_stat_get_xact_blocks_hit</code> ( <code class="type">oid</code> )
→ <code class="returnvalue">bigint</code>
</p>
<p>
Returns the number of block read requests for table or index, in the
current transaction, found in cache (not triggering kernel
<code class="function">read()</code> calls).
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature">
<a id="id-1.6.15.7.28.4.2.2.6.1.1.1" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="function">pg_stat_clear_snapshot</code> ()
→ <code class="returnvalue">void</code>
</p>
<p>
Discards the current statistics snapshot or cached information.
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature">
<a id="id-1.6.15.7.28.4.2.2.7.1.1.1" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="function">pg_stat_reset</code> ()
→ <code class="returnvalue">void</code>
</p>
<p>
Resets all statistics counters for the current database to zero.
</p>
<p>
This function is restricted to superusers by default, but other users
can be granted EXECUTE to run the function.
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature">
<a id="id-1.6.15.7.28.4.2.2.8.1.1.1" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="function">pg_stat_reset_shared</code> ( <code class="type">text</code> )
→ <code class="returnvalue">void</code>
</p>
<p>
Resets some cluster-wide statistics counters to zero, depending on the
argument. The argument can be <code class="literal">bgwriter</code> to reset
all the counters shown in
the <code class="structname">pg_stat_bgwriter</code>
view, <code class="literal">archiver</code> to reset all the counters shown in
the <code class="structname">pg_stat_archiver</code> view,
<code class="literal">wal</code> to reset all the counters shown in the
<code class="structname">pg_stat_wal</code> view or
<code class="literal">recovery_prefetch</code> to reset all the counters shown
in the <code class="structname">pg_stat_recovery_prefetch</code> view.
</p>
<p>
This function is restricted to superusers by default, but other users
can be granted EXECUTE to run the function.
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature">
<a id="id-1.6.15.7.28.4.2.2.9.1.1.1" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="function">pg_stat_reset_single_table_counters</code> ( <code class="type">oid</code> )
→ <code class="returnvalue">void</code>
</p>
<p>
Resets statistics for a single table or index in the current database
or shared across all databases in the cluster to zero.
</p>
<p>
This function is restricted to superusers by default, but other users
can be granted EXECUTE to run the function.
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature">
<a id="id-1.6.15.7.28.4.2.2.10.1.1.1" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="function">pg_stat_reset_single_function_counters</code> ( <code class="type">oid</code> )
→ <code class="returnvalue">void</code>
</p>
<p>
Resets statistics for a single function in the current database to
zero.
</p>
<p>
This function is restricted to superusers by default, but other users
can be granted EXECUTE to run the function.
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature">
<a id="id-1.6.15.7.28.4.2.2.11.1.1.1" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="function">pg_stat_reset_slru</code> ( <code class="type">text</code> )
→ <code class="returnvalue">void</code>
</p>
<p>
Resets statistics to zero for a single SLRU cache, or for all SLRUs in
the cluster. If the argument is NULL, all counters shown in
the <code class="structname">pg_stat_slru</code> view for all SLRU caches are
reset. The argument can be one of
<code class="literal">CommitTs</code>,
<code class="literal">MultiXactMember</code>,
<code class="literal">MultiXactOffset</code>,
<code class="literal">Notify</code>,
<code class="literal">Serial</code>,
<code class="literal">Subtrans</code>, or
<code class="literal">Xact</code>
to reset the counters for only that entry.
If the argument is <code class="literal">other</code> (or indeed, any
unrecognized name), then the counters for all other SLRU caches, such
as extension-defined caches, are reset.
</p>
<p>
This function is restricted to superusers by default, but other users
can be granted EXECUTE to run the function.
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature">
<a id="id-1.6.15.7.28.4.2.2.12.1.1.1" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="function">pg_stat_reset_replication_slot</code> ( <code class="type">text</code> )
→ <code class="returnvalue">void</code>
</p>
<p>
Resets statistics of the replication slot defined by the argument. If
the argument is <code class="literal">NULL</code>, resets statistics for all
the replication slots.
</p>
<p>
This function is restricted to superusers by default, but other users
can be granted EXECUTE to run the function.
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature">
<a id="id-1.6.15.7.28.4.2.2.13.1.1.1" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="function">pg_stat_reset_subscription_stats</code> ( <code class="type">oid</code> )
→ <code class="returnvalue">void</code>
</p>
<p>
Resets statistics for a single subscription shown in the
<code class="structname">pg_stat_subscription_stats</code> view to zero. If
the argument is <code class="literal">NULL</code>, reset statistics for all
subscriptions.
</p>
<p>
This function is restricted to superusers by default, but other users
can be granted EXECUTE to run the function.
</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /><div class="warning"><h3 class="title">Warning</h3><p>
Using <code class="function">pg_stat_reset()</code> also resets counters that
autovacuum uses to determine when to trigger a vacuum or an analyze.
Resetting these counters can cause autovacuum to not perform necessary
work, which can cause problems such as table bloat or out-dated
table statistics. A database-wide <code class="command">ANALYZE</code> is
recommended after the statistics have been reset.
</p></div><p>
<code class="function">pg_stat_get_activity</code>, the underlying function of
the <code class="structname">pg_stat_activity</code> view, returns a set of records
containing all the available information about each backend process.
Sometimes it may be more convenient to obtain just a subset of this
information. In such cases, an older set of per-backend statistics
access functions can be used; these are shown in <a class="xref" href="monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-STATS-BACKEND-FUNCS-TABLE" title="Table 28.35. Per-Backend Statistics Functions">Table 28.35</a>.
These access functions use a backend ID number, which ranges from one
to the number of currently active backends.
The function <code class="function">pg_stat_get_backend_idset</code> provides a
convenient way to generate one row for each active backend for
invoking these functions. For example, to show the <acronym class="acronym">PID</acronym>s and
current queries of all backends:
</p><pre class="programlisting">
SELECT pg_stat_get_backend_pid(s.backendid) AS pid,
pg_stat_get_backend_activity(s.backendid) AS query
FROM (SELECT pg_stat_get_backend_idset() AS backendid) AS s;
</pre><p>
</p><div class="table" id="MONITORING-STATS-BACKEND-FUNCS-TABLE"><p class="title"><strong>Table 28.35. Per-Backend Statistics Functions</strong></p><div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Per-Backend Statistics Functions" border="1"><colgroup><col /></colgroup><thead><tr><th class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature">
Function
</p>
<p>
Description
</p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature">
<a id="id-1.6.15.7.28.7.2.2.1.1.1.1" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="function">pg_stat_get_backend_idset</code> ()
→ <code class="returnvalue">setof integer</code>
</p>
<p>
Returns the set of currently active backend ID numbers (from 1 to the
number of active backends).
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature">
<a id="id-1.6.15.7.28.7.2.2.2.1.1.1" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="function">pg_stat_get_backend_activity</code> ( <code class="type">integer</code> )
→ <code class="returnvalue">text</code>
</p>
<p>
Returns the text of this backend's most recent query.
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature">
<a id="id-1.6.15.7.28.7.2.2.3.1.1.1" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="function">pg_stat_get_backend_activity_start</code> ( <code class="type">integer</code> )
→ <code class="returnvalue">timestamp with time zone</code>
</p>
<p>
Returns the time when the backend's most recent query was started.
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature">
<a id="id-1.6.15.7.28.7.2.2.4.1.1.1" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="function">pg_stat_get_backend_client_addr</code> ( <code class="type">integer</code> )
→ <code class="returnvalue">inet</code>
</p>
<p>
Returns the IP address of the client connected to this backend.
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature">
<a id="id-1.6.15.7.28.7.2.2.5.1.1.1" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="function">pg_stat_get_backend_client_port</code> ( <code class="type">integer</code> )
→ <code class="returnvalue">integer</code>
</p>
<p>
Returns the TCP port number that the client is using for communication.
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature">
<a id="id-1.6.15.7.28.7.2.2.6.1.1.1" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="function">pg_stat_get_backend_dbid</code> ( <code class="type">integer</code> )
→ <code class="returnvalue">oid</code>
</p>
<p>
Returns the OID of the database this backend is connected to.
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature">
<a id="id-1.6.15.7.28.7.2.2.7.1.1.1" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="function">pg_stat_get_backend_pid</code> ( <code class="type">integer</code> )
→ <code class="returnvalue">integer</code>
</p>
<p>
Returns the process ID of this backend.
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature">
<a id="id-1.6.15.7.28.7.2.2.8.1.1.1" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="function">pg_stat_get_backend_start</code> ( <code class="type">integer</code> )
→ <code class="returnvalue">timestamp with time zone</code>
</p>
<p>
Returns the time when this process was started.
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature">
<a id="id-1.6.15.7.28.7.2.2.9.1.1.1" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="function">pg_stat_get_backend_userid</code> ( <code class="type">integer</code> )
→ <code class="returnvalue">oid</code>
</p>
<p>
Returns the OID of the user logged into this backend.
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature">
<a id="id-1.6.15.7.28.7.2.2.10.1.1.1" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="function">pg_stat_get_backend_wait_event_type</code> ( <code class="type">integer</code> )
→ <code class="returnvalue">text</code>
</p>
<p>
Returns the wait event type name if this backend is currently waiting,
otherwise NULL. See <a class="xref" href="monitoring-stats.html#WAIT-EVENT-TABLE" title="Table 28.4. Wait Event Types">Table 28.4</a> for details.
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature">
<a id="id-1.6.15.7.28.7.2.2.11.1.1.1" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="function">pg_stat_get_backend_wait_event</code> ( <code class="type">integer</code> )
→ <code class="returnvalue">text</code>
</p>
<p>
Returns the wait event name if this backend is currently waiting,
otherwise NULL. See <a class="xref" href="monitoring-stats.html#WAIT-EVENT-ACTIVITY-TABLE" title="Table 28.5. Wait Events of Type Activity">Table 28.5</a> through
<a class="xref" href="monitoring-stats.html#WAIT-EVENT-TIMEOUT-TABLE" title="Table 28.13. Wait Events of Type Timeout">Table 28.13</a>.
</p></td></tr><tr><td class="func_table_entry"><p class="func_signature">
<a id="id-1.6.15.7.28.7.2.2.12.1.1.1" class="indexterm"></a>
<code class="function">pg_stat_get_backend_xact_start</code> ( <code class="type">integer</code> )
→ <code class="returnvalue">timestamp with time zone</code>
</p>
<p>
Returns the time when the backend's current transaction was started.
</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br class="table-break" /></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="monitoring-ps.html" title="28.1. Standard Unix Tools">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="monitoring.html" title="Chapter 28. Monitoring Database Activity">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="monitoring-locks.html" title="28.3. Viewing Locks">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">28.1. Standard Unix Tools </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 15.4 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> 28.3. Viewing Locks</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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