Adding upstream version 16.2.upstream/16.2

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

1 files changed, 2153 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/groupingsets.out b/src/test/regress/expected/groupingsets.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a3b9aac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/groupingsets.out
@@ -0,0 +1,2153 @@
+--
+-- grouping sets
+--
+-- test data sources
+create temp view gstest1(a,b,v)
+  as values (1,1,10),(1,1,11),(1,2,12),(1,2,13),(1,3,14),
+            (2,3,15),
+            (3,3,16),(3,4,17),
+            (4,1,18),(4,1,19);
+create temp table gstest2 (a integer, b integer, c integer, d integer,
+                           e integer, f integer, g integer, h integer);
+copy gstest2 from stdin;
+create temp table gstest3 (a integer, b integer, c integer, d integer);
+copy gstest3 from stdin;
+alter table gstest3 add primary key (a);
+create temp table gstest4(id integer, v integer,
+                          unhashable_col bit(4), unsortable_col xid);
+insert into gstest4
+values (1,1,b'0000','1'), (2,2,b'0001','1'),
+       (3,4,b'0010','2'), (4,8,b'0011','2'),
+       (5,16,b'0000','2'), (6,32,b'0001','2'),
+       (7,64,b'0010','1'), (8,128,b'0011','1');
+create temp table gstest_empty (a integer, b integer, v integer);
+create function gstest_data(v integer, out a integer, out b integer)
+  returns setof record
+  as $f$
+    begin
+      return query select v, i from generate_series(1,3) i;
+    end;
+  $f$ language plpgsql;
+-- basic functionality
+set enable_hashagg = false;  -- test hashing explicitly later
+-- simple rollup with multiple plain aggregates, with and without ordering
+-- (and with ordering differing from grouping)
+select a, b, grouping(a,b), sum(v), count(*), max(v)
+  from gstest1 group by rollup (a,b);
+ a | b | grouping | sum | count | max 
+---+---+----------+-----+-------+-----
+ 1 | 1 |        0 |  21 |     2 |  11
+ 1 | 2 |        0 |  25 |     2 |  13
+ 1 | 3 |        0 |  14 |     1 |  14
+ 1 |   |        1 |  60 |     5 |  14
+ 2 | 3 |        0 |  15 |     1 |  15
+ 2 |   |        1 |  15 |     1 |  15
+ 3 | 3 |        0 |  16 |     1 |  16
+ 3 | 4 |        0 |  17 |     1 |  17
+ 3 |   |        1 |  33 |     2 |  17
+ 4 | 1 |        0 |  37 |     2 |  19
+ 4 |   |        1 |  37 |     2 |  19
+   |   |        3 | 145 |    10 |  19
+(12 rows)
+
+select a, b, grouping(a,b), sum(v), count(*), max(v)
+  from gstest1 group by rollup (a,b) order by a,b;
+ a | b | grouping | sum | count | max 
+---+---+----------+-----+-------+-----
+ 1 | 1 |        0 |  21 |     2 |  11
+ 1 | 2 |        0 |  25 |     2 |  13
+ 1 | 3 |        0 |  14 |     1 |  14
+ 1 |   |        1 |  60 |     5 |  14
+ 2 | 3 |        0 |  15 |     1 |  15
+ 2 |   |        1 |  15 |     1 |  15
+ 3 | 3 |        0 |  16 |     1 |  16
+ 3 | 4 |        0 |  17 |     1 |  17
+ 3 |   |        1 |  33 |     2 |  17
+ 4 | 1 |        0 |  37 |     2 |  19
+ 4 |   |        1 |  37 |     2 |  19
+   |   |        3 | 145 |    10 |  19
+(12 rows)
+
+select a, b, grouping(a,b), sum(v), count(*), max(v)
+  from gstest1 group by rollup (a,b) order by b desc, a;
+ a | b | grouping | sum | count | max 
+---+---+----------+-----+-------+-----
+ 1 |   |        1 |  60 |     5 |  14
+ 2 |   |        1 |  15 |     1 |  15
+ 3 |   |        1 |  33 |     2 |  17
+ 4 |   |        1 |  37 |     2 |  19
+   |   |        3 | 145 |    10 |  19
+ 3 | 4 |        0 |  17 |     1 |  17
+ 1 | 3 |        0 |  14 |     1 |  14
+ 2 | 3 |        0 |  15 |     1 |  15
+ 3 | 3 |        0 |  16 |     1 |  16
+ 1 | 2 |        0 |  25 |     2 |  13
+ 1 | 1 |        0 |  21 |     2 |  11
+ 4 | 1 |        0 |  37 |     2 |  19
+(12 rows)
+
+select a, b, grouping(a,b), sum(v), count(*), max(v)
+  from gstest1 group by rollup (a,b) order by coalesce(a,0)+coalesce(b,0);
+ a | b | grouping | sum | count | max 
+---+---+----------+-----+-------+-----
+   |   |        3 | 145 |    10 |  19
+ 1 |   |        1 |  60 |     5 |  14
+ 1 | 1 |        0 |  21 |     2 |  11
+ 2 |   |        1 |  15 |     1 |  15
+ 3 |   |        1 |  33 |     2 |  17
+ 1 | 2 |        0 |  25 |     2 |  13
+ 1 | 3 |        0 |  14 |     1 |  14
+ 4 |   |        1 |  37 |     2 |  19
+ 4 | 1 |        0 |  37 |     2 |  19
+ 2 | 3 |        0 |  15 |     1 |  15
+ 3 | 3 |        0 |  16 |     1 |  16
+ 3 | 4 |        0 |  17 |     1 |  17
+(12 rows)
+
+-- various types of ordered aggs
+select a, b, grouping(a,b),
+       array_agg(v order by v),
+       string_agg(v::text, ':' order by v desc),
+       percentile_disc(0.5) within group (order by v),
+       rank(1,2,12) within group (order by a,b,v)
+  from gstest1 group by rollup (a,b) order by a,b;
+ a | b | grouping |            array_agg            |          string_agg           | percentile_disc | rank 
+---+---+----------+---------------------------------+-------------------------------+-----------------+------
+ 1 | 1 |        0 | {10,11}                         | 11:10                         |              10 |    3
+ 1 | 2 |        0 | {12,13}                         | 13:12                         |              12 |    1
+ 1 | 3 |        0 | {14}                            | 14                            |              14 |    1
+ 1 |   |        1 | {10,11,12,13,14}                | 14:13:12:11:10                |              12 |    3
+ 2 | 3 |        0 | {15}                            | 15                            |              15 |    1
+ 2 |   |        1 | {15}                            | 15                            |              15 |    1
+ 3 | 3 |        0 | {16}                            | 16                            |              16 |    1
+ 3 | 4 |        0 | {17}                            | 17                            |              17 |    1
+ 3 |   |        1 | {16,17}                         | 17:16                         |              16 |    1
+ 4 | 1 |        0 | {18,19}                         | 19:18                         |              18 |    1
+ 4 |   |        1 | {18,19}                         | 19:18                         |              18 |    1
+   |   |        3 | {10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19} | 19:18:17:16:15:14:13:12:11:10 |              14 |    3
+(12 rows)
+
+-- test usage of grouped columns in direct args of aggs
+select grouping(a), a, array_agg(b),
+       rank(a) within group (order by b nulls first),
+       rank(a) within group (order by b nulls last)
+  from (values (1,1),(1,4),(1,5),(3,1),(3,2)) v(a,b)
+ group by rollup (a) order by a;
+ grouping | a |  array_agg  | rank | rank 
+----------+---+-------------+------+------
+        0 | 1 | {1,4,5}     |    1 |    1
+        0 | 3 | {1,2}       |    3 |    3
+        1 |   | {1,4,5,1,2} |    1 |    6
+(3 rows)
+
+-- nesting with window functions
+select a, b, sum(c), sum(sum(c)) over (order by a,b) as rsum
+  from gstest2 group by rollup (a,b) order by rsum, a, b;
+ a | b | sum | rsum 
+---+---+-----+------
+ 1 | 1 |   8 |    8
+ 1 | 2 |   2 |   10
+ 1 |   |  10 |   20
+ 2 | 2 |   2 |   22
+ 2 |   |   2 |   24
+   |   |  12 |   36
+(6 rows)
+
+-- nesting with grouping sets
+select sum(c) from gstest2
+  group by grouping sets((), grouping sets((), grouping sets(())))
+  order by 1 desc;
+ sum 
+-----
+  12
+  12
+  12
+(3 rows)
+
+select sum(c) from gstest2
+  group by grouping sets((), grouping sets((), grouping sets(((a, b)))))
+  order by 1 desc;
+ sum 
+-----
+  12
+  12
+   8
+   2
+   2
+(5 rows)
+
+select sum(c) from gstest2
+  group by grouping sets(grouping sets(rollup(c), grouping sets(cube(c))))
+  order by 1 desc;
+ sum 
+-----
+  12
+  12
+   6
+   6
+   6
+   6
+(6 rows)
+
+select sum(c) from gstest2
+  group by grouping sets(a, grouping sets(a, cube(b)))
+  order by 1 desc;
+ sum 
+-----
+  12
+  10
+  10
+   8
+   4
+   2
+   2
+(7 rows)
+
+select sum(c) from gstest2
+  group by grouping sets(grouping sets((a, (b))))
+  order by 1 desc;
+ sum 
+-----
+   8
+   2
+   2
+(3 rows)
+
+select sum(c) from gstest2
+  group by grouping sets(grouping sets((a, b)))
+  order by 1 desc;
+ sum 
+-----
+   8
+   2
+   2
+(3 rows)
+
+select sum(c) from gstest2
+  group by grouping sets(grouping sets(a, grouping sets(a), a))
+  order by 1 desc;
+ sum 
+-----
+  10
+  10
+  10
+   2
+   2
+   2
+(6 rows)
+
+select sum(c) from gstest2
+  group by grouping sets(grouping sets(a, grouping sets(a, grouping sets(a), ((a)), a, grouping sets(a), (a)), a))
+  order by 1 desc;
+ sum 
+-----
+  10
+  10
+  10
+  10
+  10
+  10
+  10
+  10
+   2
+   2
+   2
+   2
+   2
+   2
+   2
+   2
+(16 rows)
+
+select sum(c) from gstest2
+  group by grouping sets((a,(a,b)), grouping sets((a,(a,b)),a))
+  order by 1 desc;
+ sum 
+-----
+  10
+   8
+   8
+   2
+   2
+   2
+   2
+   2
+(8 rows)
+
+-- empty input: first is 0 rows, second 1, third 3 etc.
+select a, b, sum(v), count(*) from gstest_empty group by grouping sets ((a,b),a);
+ a | b | sum | count 
+---+---+-----+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+select a, b, sum(v), count(*) from gstest_empty group by grouping sets ((a,b),());
+ a | b | sum | count 
+---+---+-----+-------
+   |   |     |     0
+(1 row)
+
+select a, b, sum(v), count(*) from gstest_empty group by grouping sets ((a,b),(),(),());
+ a | b | sum | count 
+---+---+-----+-------
+   |   |     |     0
+   |   |     |     0
+   |   |     |     0
+(3 rows)
+
+select sum(v), count(*) from gstest_empty group by grouping sets ((),(),());
+ sum | count 
+-----+-------
+     |     0
+     |     0
+     |     0
+(3 rows)
+
+-- empty input with joins tests some important code paths
+select t1.a, t2.b, sum(t1.v), count(*) from gstest_empty t1, gstest_empty t2
+ group by grouping sets ((t1.a,t2.b),());
+ a | b | sum | count 
+---+---+-----+-------
+   |   |     |     0
+(1 row)
+
+-- simple joins, var resolution, GROUPING on join vars
+select t1.a, t2.b, grouping(t1.a, t2.b), sum(t1.v), max(t2.a)
+  from gstest1 t1, gstest2 t2
+ group by grouping sets ((t1.a, t2.b), ());
+ a | b | grouping | sum  | max 
+---+---+----------+------+-----
+ 1 | 1 |        0 |  420 |   1
+ 1 | 2 |        0 |  120 |   2
+ 2 | 1 |        0 |  105 |   1
+ 2 | 2 |        0 |   30 |   2
+ 3 | 1 |        0 |  231 |   1
+ 3 | 2 |        0 |   66 |   2
+ 4 | 1 |        0 |  259 |   1
+ 4 | 2 |        0 |   74 |   2
+   |   |        3 | 1305 |   2
+(9 rows)
+
+select t1.a, t2.b, grouping(t1.a, t2.b), sum(t1.v), max(t2.a)
+  from gstest1 t1 join gstest2 t2 on (t1.a=t2.a)
+ group by grouping sets ((t1.a, t2.b), ());
+ a | b | grouping | sum | max 
+---+---+----------+-----+-----
+ 1 | 1 |        0 | 420 |   1
+ 1 | 2 |        0 |  60 |   1
+ 2 | 2 |        0 |  15 |   2
+   |   |        3 | 495 |   2
+(4 rows)
+
+select a, b, grouping(a, b), sum(t1.v), max(t2.c)
+  from gstest1 t1 join gstest2 t2 using (a,b)
+ group by grouping sets ((a, b), ());
+ a | b | grouping | sum | max 
+---+---+----------+-----+-----
+ 1 | 1 |        0 | 147 |   2
+ 1 | 2 |        0 |  25 |   2
+   |   |        3 | 172 |   2
+(3 rows)
+
+-- check that functionally dependent cols are not nulled
+select a, d, grouping(a,b,c)
+  from gstest3
+ group by grouping sets ((a,b), (a,c));
+ a | d | grouping 
+---+---+----------
+ 1 | 1 |        1
+ 2 | 2 |        1
+ 1 | 1 |        2
+ 2 | 2 |        2
+(4 rows)
+
+-- check that distinct grouping columns are kept separate
+-- even if they are equal()
+explain (costs off)
+select g as alias1, g as alias2
+  from generate_series(1,3) g
+ group by alias1, rollup(alias2);
+                   QUERY PLAN                   
+------------------------------------------------
+ GroupAggregate
+   Group Key: g, g
+   Group Key: g
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: g
+         ->  Function Scan on generate_series g
+(6 rows)
+
+select g as alias1, g as alias2
+  from generate_series(1,3) g
+ group by alias1, rollup(alias2);
+ alias1 | alias2 
+--------+--------
+      1 |      1
+      1 |       
+      2 |      2
+      2 |       
+      3 |      3
+      3 |       
+(6 rows)
+
+-- check that pulled-up subquery outputs still go to null when appropriate
+select four, x
+  from (select four, ten, 'foo'::text as x from tenk1) as t
+  group by grouping sets (four, x)
+  having x = 'foo';
+ four |  x  
+------+-----
+      | foo
+(1 row)
+
+select four, x || 'x'
+  from (select four, ten, 'foo'::text as x from tenk1) as t
+  group by grouping sets (four, x)
+  order by four;
+ four | ?column? 
+------+----------
+    0 | 
+    1 | 
+    2 | 
+    3 | 
+      | foox
+(5 rows)
+
+select (x+y)*1, sum(z)
+ from (select 1 as x, 2 as y, 3 as z) s
+ group by grouping sets (x+y, x);
+ ?column? | sum 
+----------+-----
+        3 |   3
+          |   3
+(2 rows)
+
+select x, not x as not_x, q2 from
+  (select *, q1 = 1 as x from int8_tbl i1) as t
+  group by grouping sets(x, q2)
+  order by x, q2;
+ x | not_x |        q2         
+---+-------+-------------------
+ f | t     |                  
+   |       | -4567890123456789
+   |       |               123
+   |       |               456
+   |       |  4567890123456789
+(5 rows)
+
+-- check qual push-down rules for a subquery with grouping sets
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select * from (
+  select 1 as x, q1, sum(q2)
+  from int8_tbl i1
+  group by grouping sets(1, 2)
+) ss
+where x = 1 and q1 = 123;
+                 QUERY PLAN                 
+--------------------------------------------
+ Subquery Scan on ss
+   Output: ss.x, ss.q1, ss.sum
+   Filter: ((ss.x = 1) AND (ss.q1 = 123))
+   ->  GroupAggregate
+         Output: (1), i1.q1, sum(i1.q2)
+         Group Key: 1
+         Sort Key: i1.q1
+           Group Key: i1.q1
+         ->  Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl i1
+               Output: 1, i1.q1, i1.q2
+(10 rows)
+
+select * from (
+  select 1 as x, q1, sum(q2)
+  from int8_tbl i1
+  group by grouping sets(1, 2)
+) ss
+where x = 1 and q1 = 123;
+ x | q1 | sum 
+---+----+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+-- check handling of pulled-up SubPlan in GROUPING() argument (bug #17479)
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select grouping(ss.x)
+from int8_tbl i1
+cross join lateral (select (select i1.q1) as x) ss
+group by ss.x;
+                   QUERY PLAN                   
+------------------------------------------------
+ GroupAggregate
+   Output: GROUPING((SubPlan 1)), ((SubPlan 2))
+   Group Key: ((SubPlan 2))
+   ->  Sort
+         Output: ((SubPlan 2)), i1.q1
+         Sort Key: ((SubPlan 2))
+         ->  Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl i1
+               Output: (SubPlan 2), i1.q1
+               SubPlan 2
+                 ->  Result
+                       Output: i1.q1
+(11 rows)
+
+select grouping(ss.x)
+from int8_tbl i1
+cross join lateral (select (select i1.q1) as x) ss
+group by ss.x;
+ grouping 
+----------
+        0
+        0
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (verbose, costs off)
+select (select grouping(ss.x))
+from int8_tbl i1
+cross join lateral (select (select i1.q1) as x) ss
+group by ss.x;
+                 QUERY PLAN                 
+--------------------------------------------
+ GroupAggregate
+   Output: (SubPlan 2), ((SubPlan 3))
+   Group Key: ((SubPlan 3))
+   ->  Sort
+         Output: ((SubPlan 3)), i1.q1
+         Sort Key: ((SubPlan 3))
+         ->  Seq Scan on public.int8_tbl i1
+               Output: (SubPlan 3), i1.q1
+               SubPlan 3
+                 ->  Result
+                       Output: i1.q1
+   SubPlan 2
+     ->  Result
+           Output: GROUPING((SubPlan 1))
+(14 rows)
+
+select (select grouping(ss.x))
+from int8_tbl i1
+cross join lateral (select (select i1.q1) as x) ss
+group by ss.x;
+ grouping 
+----------
+        0
+        0
+(2 rows)
+
+-- simple rescan tests
+select a, b, sum(v.x)
+  from (values (1),(2)) v(x), gstest_data(v.x)
+ group by rollup (a,b);
+ a | b | sum 
+---+---+-----
+ 1 | 1 |   1
+ 1 | 2 |   1
+ 1 | 3 |   1
+ 1 |   |   3
+ 2 | 1 |   2
+ 2 | 2 |   2
+ 2 | 3 |   2
+ 2 |   |   6
+   |   |   9
+(9 rows)
+
+select *
+  from (values (1),(2)) v(x),
+       lateral (select a, b, sum(v.x) from gstest_data(v.x) group by rollup (a,b)) s;
+ERROR:  aggregate functions are not allowed in FROM clause of their own query level
+LINE 3:        lateral (select a, b, sum(v.x) from gstest_data(v.x) ...
+                                     ^
+-- min max optimization should still work with GROUP BY ()
+explain (costs off)
+  select min(unique1) from tenk1 GROUP BY ();
+                         QUERY PLAN                         
+------------------------------------------------------------
+ Result
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $0)
+     ->  Limit
+           ->  Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1
+                 Index Cond: (unique1 IS NOT NULL)
+(5 rows)
+
+-- Views with GROUPING SET queries
+CREATE VIEW gstest_view AS select a, b, grouping(a,b), sum(c), count(*), max(c)
+  from gstest2 group by rollup ((a,b,c),(c,d));
+NOTICE:  view "gstest_view" will be a temporary view
+select pg_get_viewdef('gstest_view'::regclass, true);
+            pg_get_viewdef             
+---------------------------------------
+  SELECT a,                           +
+     b,                               +
+     GROUPING(a, b) AS "grouping",    +
+     sum(c) AS sum,                   +
+     count(*) AS count,               +
+     max(c) AS max                    +
+    FROM gstest2                      +
+   GROUP BY ROLLUP((a, b, c), (c, d));
+(1 row)
+
+-- Nested queries with 3 or more levels of nesting
+select(select (select grouping(a,b) from (values (1)) v2(c)) from (values (1,2)) v1(a,b) group by (a,b)) from (values(6,7)) v3(e,f) GROUP BY ROLLUP(e,f);
+ grouping 
+----------
+        0
+        0
+        0
+(3 rows)
+
+select(select (select grouping(e,f) from (values (1)) v2(c)) from (values (1,2)) v1(a,b) group by (a,b)) from (values(6,7)) v3(e,f) GROUP BY ROLLUP(e,f);
+ grouping 
+----------
+        0
+        1
+        3
+(3 rows)
+
+select(select (select grouping(c) from (values (1)) v2(c) GROUP BY c) from (values (1,2)) v1(a,b) group by (a,b)) from (values(6,7)) v3(e,f) GROUP BY ROLLUP(e,f);
+ grouping 
+----------
+        0
+        0
+        0
+(3 rows)
+
+-- Combinations of operations
+select a, b, c, d from gstest2 group by rollup(a,b),grouping sets(c,d);
+ a | b | c | d 
+---+---+---+---
+ 1 | 1 | 1 |  
+ 1 |   | 1 |  
+   |   | 1 |  
+ 1 | 1 | 2 |  
+ 1 | 2 | 2 |  
+ 1 |   | 2 |  
+ 2 | 2 | 2 |  
+ 2 |   | 2 |  
+   |   | 2 |  
+ 1 | 1 |   | 1
+ 1 |   |   | 1
+   |   |   | 1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 2
+ 1 | 2 |   | 2
+ 1 |   |   | 2
+ 2 | 2 |   | 2
+ 2 |   |   | 2
+   |   |   | 2
+(18 rows)
+
+select a, b from (values (1,2),(2,3)) v(a,b) group by a,b, grouping sets(a);
+ a | b 
+---+---
+ 1 | 2
+ 2 | 3
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Tests for chained aggregates
+select a, b, grouping(a,b), sum(v), count(*), max(v)
+  from gstest1 group by grouping sets ((a,b),(a+1,b+1),(a+2,b+2)) order by 3,6;
+ a | b | grouping | sum | count | max 
+---+---+----------+-----+-------+-----
+ 1 | 1 |        0 |  21 |     2 |  11
+ 1 | 2 |        0 |  25 |     2 |  13
+ 1 | 3 |        0 |  14 |     1 |  14
+ 2 | 3 |        0 |  15 |     1 |  15
+ 3 | 3 |        0 |  16 |     1 |  16
+ 3 | 4 |        0 |  17 |     1 |  17
+ 4 | 1 |        0 |  37 |     2 |  19
+   |   |        3 |  21 |     2 |  11
+   |   |        3 |  21 |     2 |  11
+   |   |        3 |  25 |     2 |  13
+   |   |        3 |  25 |     2 |  13
+   |   |        3 |  14 |     1 |  14
+   |   |        3 |  14 |     1 |  14
+   |   |        3 |  15 |     1 |  15
+   |   |        3 |  15 |     1 |  15
+   |   |        3 |  16 |     1 |  16
+   |   |        3 |  16 |     1 |  16
+   |   |        3 |  17 |     1 |  17
+   |   |        3 |  17 |     1 |  17
+   |   |        3 |  37 |     2 |  19
+   |   |        3 |  37 |     2 |  19
+(21 rows)
+
+select(select (select grouping(a,b) from (values (1)) v2(c)) from (values (1,2)) v1(a,b) group by (a,b)) from (values(6,7)) v3(e,f) GROUP BY ROLLUP((e+1),(f+1));
+ grouping 
+----------
+        0
+        0
+        0
+(3 rows)
+
+select(select (select grouping(a,b) from (values (1)) v2(c)) from (values (1,2)) v1(a,b) group by (a,b)) from (values(6,7)) v3(e,f) GROUP BY CUBE((e+1),(f+1)) ORDER BY (e+1),(f+1);
+ grouping 
+----------
+        0
+        0
+        0
+        0
+(4 rows)
+
+select a, b, sum(c), sum(sum(c)) over (order by a,b) as rsum
+  from gstest2 group by cube (a,b) order by rsum, a, b;
+ a | b | sum | rsum 
+---+---+-----+------
+ 1 | 1 |   8 |    8
+ 1 | 2 |   2 |   10
+ 1 |   |  10 |   20
+ 2 | 2 |   2 |   22
+ 2 |   |   2 |   24
+   | 1 |   8 |   32
+   | 2 |   4 |   36
+   |   |  12 |   48
+(8 rows)
+
+select a, b, sum(c) from (values (1,1,10),(1,1,11),(1,2,12),(1,2,13),(1,3,14),(2,3,15),(3,3,16),(3,4,17),(4,1,18),(4,1,19)) v(a,b,c) group by rollup (a,b);
+ a | b | sum 
+---+---+-----
+ 1 | 1 |  21
+ 1 | 2 |  25
+ 1 | 3 |  14
+ 1 |   |  60
+ 2 | 3 |  15
+ 2 |   |  15
+ 3 | 3 |  16
+ 3 | 4 |  17
+ 3 |   |  33
+ 4 | 1 |  37
+ 4 |   |  37
+   |   | 145
+(12 rows)
+
+select a, b, sum(v.x)
+  from (values (1),(2)) v(x), gstest_data(v.x)
+ group by cube (a,b) order by a,b;
+ a | b | sum 
+---+---+-----
+ 1 | 1 |   1
+ 1 | 2 |   1
+ 1 | 3 |   1
+ 1 |   |   3
+ 2 | 1 |   2
+ 2 | 2 |   2
+ 2 | 3 |   2
+ 2 |   |   6
+   | 1 |   3
+   | 2 |   3
+   | 3 |   3
+   |   |   9
+(12 rows)
+
+-- Test reordering of grouping sets
+explain (costs off)
+select * from gstest1 group by grouping sets((a,b,v),(v)) order by v,b,a;
+                                  QUERY PLAN                                  
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ GroupAggregate
+   Group Key: "*VALUES*".column3, "*VALUES*".column2, "*VALUES*".column1
+   Group Key: "*VALUES*".column3
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: "*VALUES*".column3, "*VALUES*".column2, "*VALUES*".column1
+         ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
+(6 rows)
+
+-- Agg level check. This query should error out.
+select (select grouping(a,b) from gstest2) from gstest2 group by a,b;
+ERROR:  arguments to GROUPING must be grouping expressions of the associated query level
+LINE 1: select (select grouping(a,b) from gstest2) from gstest2 grou...
+                                ^
+--Nested queries
+select a, b, sum(c), count(*) from gstest2 group by grouping sets (rollup(a,b),a);
+ a | b | sum | count 
+---+---+-----+-------
+ 1 | 1 |   8 |     7
+ 1 | 2 |   2 |     1
+ 1 |   |  10 |     8
+ 1 |   |  10 |     8
+ 2 | 2 |   2 |     1
+ 2 |   |   2 |     1
+ 2 |   |   2 |     1
+   |   |  12 |     9
+(8 rows)
+
+-- HAVING queries
+select ten, sum(distinct four) from onek a
+group by grouping sets((ten,four),(ten))
+having exists (select 1 from onek b where sum(distinct a.four) = b.four);
+ ten | sum 
+-----+-----
+   0 |   0
+   0 |   2
+   0 |   2
+   1 |   1
+   1 |   3
+   2 |   0
+   2 |   2
+   2 |   2
+   3 |   1
+   3 |   3
+   4 |   0
+   4 |   2
+   4 |   2
+   5 |   1
+   5 |   3
+   6 |   0
+   6 |   2
+   6 |   2
+   7 |   1
+   7 |   3
+   8 |   0
+   8 |   2
+   8 |   2
+   9 |   1
+   9 |   3
+(25 rows)
+
+-- Tests around pushdown of HAVING clauses, partially testing against previous bugs
+select a,count(*) from gstest2 group by rollup(a) order by a;
+ a | count 
+---+-------
+ 1 |     8
+ 2 |     1
+   |     9
+(3 rows)
+
+select a,count(*) from gstest2 group by rollup(a) having a is distinct from 1 order by a;
+ a | count 
+---+-------
+ 2 |     1
+   |     9
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select a,count(*) from gstest2 group by rollup(a) having a is distinct from 1 order by a;
+            QUERY PLAN            
+----------------------------------
+ GroupAggregate
+   Group Key: a
+   Group Key: ()
+   Filter: (a IS DISTINCT FROM 1)
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: a
+         ->  Seq Scan on gstest2
+(7 rows)
+
+select v.c, (select count(*) from gstest2 group by () having v.c)
+  from (values (false),(true)) v(c) order by v.c;
+ c | count 
+---+-------
+ f |      
+ t |     9
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select v.c, (select count(*) from gstest2 group by () having v.c)
+    from (values (false),(true)) v(c) order by v.c;
+                        QUERY PLAN                         
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: "*VALUES*".column1
+   ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
+         SubPlan 1
+           ->  Aggregate
+                 Group Key: ()
+                 Filter: "*VALUES*".column1
+                 ->  Result
+                       One-Time Filter: "*VALUES*".column1
+                       ->  Seq Scan on gstest2
+(10 rows)
+
+-- HAVING with GROUPING queries
+select ten, grouping(ten) from onek
+group by grouping sets(ten) having grouping(ten) >= 0
+order by 2,1;
+ ten | grouping 
+-----+----------
+   0 |        0
+   1 |        0
+   2 |        0
+   3 |        0
+   4 |        0
+   5 |        0
+   6 |        0
+   7 |        0
+   8 |        0
+   9 |        0
+(10 rows)
+
+select ten, grouping(ten) from onek
+group by grouping sets(ten, four) having grouping(ten) > 0
+order by 2,1;
+ ten | grouping 
+-----+----------
+     |        1
+     |        1
+     |        1
+     |        1
+(4 rows)
+
+select ten, grouping(ten) from onek
+group by rollup(ten) having grouping(ten) > 0
+order by 2,1;
+ ten | grouping 
+-----+----------
+     |        1
+(1 row)
+
+select ten, grouping(ten) from onek
+group by cube(ten) having grouping(ten) > 0
+order by 2,1;
+ ten | grouping 
+-----+----------
+     |        1
+(1 row)
+
+select ten, grouping(ten) from onek
+group by (ten) having grouping(ten) >= 0
+order by 2,1;
+ ten | grouping 
+-----+----------
+   0 |        0
+   1 |        0
+   2 |        0
+   3 |        0
+   4 |        0
+   5 |        0
+   6 |        0
+   7 |        0
+   8 |        0
+   9 |        0
+(10 rows)
+
+-- FILTER queries
+select ten, sum(distinct four) filter (where four::text ~ '123') from onek a
+group by rollup(ten);
+ ten | sum 
+-----+-----
+   0 |    
+   1 |    
+   2 |    
+   3 |    
+   4 |    
+   5 |    
+   6 |    
+   7 |    
+   8 |    
+   9 |    
+     |    
+(11 rows)
+
+-- More rescan tests
+select * from (values (1),(2)) v(a) left join lateral (select v.a, four, ten, count(*) from onek group by cube(four,ten)) s on true order by v.a,four,ten;
+ a | a | four | ten | count 
+---+---+------+-----+-------
+ 1 | 1 |    0 |   0 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    0 |   2 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    0 |   4 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    0 |   6 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    0 |   8 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    0 |     |   250
+ 1 | 1 |    1 |   1 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    1 |   3 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    1 |   5 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    1 |   7 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    1 |   9 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    1 |     |   250
+ 1 | 1 |    2 |   0 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    2 |   2 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    2 |   4 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    2 |   6 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    2 |   8 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    2 |     |   250
+ 1 | 1 |    3 |   1 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    3 |   3 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    3 |   5 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    3 |   7 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    3 |   9 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    3 |     |   250
+ 1 | 1 |      |   0 |   100
+ 1 | 1 |      |   1 |   100
+ 1 | 1 |      |   2 |   100
+ 1 | 1 |      |   3 |   100
+ 1 | 1 |      |   4 |   100
+ 1 | 1 |      |   5 |   100
+ 1 | 1 |      |   6 |   100
+ 1 | 1 |      |   7 |   100
+ 1 | 1 |      |   8 |   100
+ 1 | 1 |      |   9 |   100
+ 1 | 1 |      |     |  1000
+ 2 | 2 |    0 |   0 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    0 |   2 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    0 |   4 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    0 |   6 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    0 |   8 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    0 |     |   250
+ 2 | 2 |    1 |   1 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    1 |   3 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    1 |   5 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    1 |   7 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    1 |   9 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    1 |     |   250
+ 2 | 2 |    2 |   0 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    2 |   2 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    2 |   4 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    2 |   6 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    2 |   8 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    2 |     |   250
+ 2 | 2 |    3 |   1 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    3 |   3 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    3 |   5 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    3 |   7 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    3 |   9 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    3 |     |   250
+ 2 | 2 |      |   0 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |      |   1 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |      |   2 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |      |   3 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |      |   4 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |      |   5 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |      |   6 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |      |   7 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |      |   8 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |      |   9 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |      |     |  1000
+(70 rows)
+
+select array(select row(v.a,s1.*) from (select two,four, count(*) from onek group by cube(two,four) order by two,four) s1) from (values (1),(2)) v(a);
+                                                                        array                                                                         
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {"(1,0,0,250)","(1,0,2,250)","(1,0,,500)","(1,1,1,250)","(1,1,3,250)","(1,1,,500)","(1,,0,250)","(1,,1,250)","(1,,2,250)","(1,,3,250)","(1,,,1000)"}
+ {"(2,0,0,250)","(2,0,2,250)","(2,0,,500)","(2,1,1,250)","(2,1,3,250)","(2,1,,500)","(2,,0,250)","(2,,1,250)","(2,,2,250)","(2,,3,250)","(2,,,1000)"}
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Grouping on text columns
+select sum(ten) from onek group by two, rollup(four::text) order by 1;
+ sum  
+------
+ 1000
+ 1000
+ 1250
+ 1250
+ 2000
+ 2500
+(6 rows)
+
+select sum(ten) from onek group by rollup(four::text), two order by 1;
+ sum  
+------
+ 1000
+ 1000
+ 1250
+ 1250
+ 2000
+ 2500
+(6 rows)
+
+-- hashing support
+set enable_hashagg = true;
+-- failure cases
+select count(*) from gstest4 group by rollup(unhashable_col,unsortable_col);
+ERROR:  could not implement GROUP BY
+DETAIL:  Some of the datatypes only support hashing, while others only support sorting.
+select array_agg(v order by v) from gstest4 group by grouping sets ((id,unsortable_col),(id));
+ERROR:  could not implement GROUP BY
+DETAIL:  Some of the datatypes only support hashing, while others only support sorting.
+-- simple cases
+select a, b, grouping(a,b), sum(v), count(*), max(v)
+  from gstest1 group by grouping sets ((a),(b)) order by 3,1,2;
+ a | b | grouping | sum | count | max 
+---+---+----------+-----+-------+-----
+ 1 |   |        1 |  60 |     5 |  14
+ 2 |   |        1 |  15 |     1 |  15
+ 3 |   |        1 |  33 |     2 |  17
+ 4 |   |        1 |  37 |     2 |  19
+   | 1 |        2 |  58 |     4 |  19
+   | 2 |        2 |  25 |     2 |  13
+   | 3 |        2 |  45 |     3 |  16
+   | 4 |        2 |  17 |     1 |  17
+(8 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select a, b, grouping(a,b), sum(v), count(*), max(v)
+  from gstest1 group by grouping sets ((a),(b)) order by 3,1,2;
+                                               QUERY PLAN                                               
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: (GROUPING("*VALUES*".column1, "*VALUES*".column2)), "*VALUES*".column1, "*VALUES*".column2
+   ->  HashAggregate
+         Hash Key: "*VALUES*".column1
+         Hash Key: "*VALUES*".column2
+         ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
+(6 rows)
+
+select a, b, grouping(a,b), sum(v), count(*), max(v)
+  from gstest1 group by cube(a,b) order by 3,1,2;
+ a | b | grouping | sum | count | max 
+---+---+----------+-----+-------+-----
+ 1 | 1 |        0 |  21 |     2 |  11
+ 1 | 2 |        0 |  25 |     2 |  13
+ 1 | 3 |        0 |  14 |     1 |  14
+ 2 | 3 |        0 |  15 |     1 |  15
+ 3 | 3 |        0 |  16 |     1 |  16
+ 3 | 4 |        0 |  17 |     1 |  17
+ 4 | 1 |        0 |  37 |     2 |  19
+ 1 |   |        1 |  60 |     5 |  14
+ 2 |   |        1 |  15 |     1 |  15
+ 3 |   |        1 |  33 |     2 |  17
+ 4 |   |        1 |  37 |     2 |  19
+   | 1 |        2 |  58 |     4 |  19
+   | 2 |        2 |  25 |     2 |  13
+   | 3 |        2 |  45 |     3 |  16
+   | 4 |        2 |  17 |     1 |  17
+   |   |        3 | 145 |    10 |  19
+(16 rows)
+
+explain (costs off) select a, b, grouping(a,b), sum(v), count(*), max(v)
+  from gstest1 group by cube(a,b) order by 3,1,2;
+                                               QUERY PLAN                                               
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: (GROUPING("*VALUES*".column1, "*VALUES*".column2)), "*VALUES*".column1, "*VALUES*".column2
+   ->  MixedAggregate
+         Hash Key: "*VALUES*".column1, "*VALUES*".column2
+         Hash Key: "*VALUES*".column1
+         Hash Key: "*VALUES*".column2
+         Group Key: ()
+         ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
+(8 rows)
+
+-- shouldn't try and hash
+explain (costs off)
+  select a, b, grouping(a,b), array_agg(v order by v)
+    from gstest1 group by cube(a,b);
+                        QUERY PLAN                        
+----------------------------------------------------------
+ GroupAggregate
+   Group Key: "*VALUES*".column1, "*VALUES*".column2
+   Group Key: "*VALUES*".column1
+   Group Key: ()
+   Sort Key: "*VALUES*".column2
+     Group Key: "*VALUES*".column2
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: "*VALUES*".column1, "*VALUES*".column2
+         ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
+(9 rows)
+
+-- unsortable cases
+select unsortable_col, count(*)
+  from gstest4 group by grouping sets ((unsortable_col),(unsortable_col))
+  order by unsortable_col::text;
+ unsortable_col | count 
+----------------+-------
+              1 |     4
+              1 |     4
+              2 |     4
+              2 |     4
+(4 rows)
+
+-- mixed hashable/sortable cases
+select unhashable_col, unsortable_col,
+       grouping(unhashable_col, unsortable_col),
+       count(*), sum(v)
+  from gstest4 group by grouping sets ((unhashable_col),(unsortable_col))
+ order by 3, 5;
+ unhashable_col | unsortable_col | grouping | count | sum 
+----------------+----------------+----------+-------+-----
+ 0000           |                |        1 |     2 |  17
+ 0001           |                |        1 |     2 |  34
+ 0010           |                |        1 |     2 |  68
+ 0011           |                |        1 |     2 | 136
+                |              2 |        2 |     4 |  60
+                |              1 |        2 |     4 | 195
+(6 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select unhashable_col, unsortable_col,
+         grouping(unhashable_col, unsortable_col),
+         count(*), sum(v)
+    from gstest4 group by grouping sets ((unhashable_col),(unsortable_col))
+   order by 3,5;
+                            QUERY PLAN                            
+------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: (GROUPING(unhashable_col, unsortable_col)), (sum(v))
+   ->  MixedAggregate
+         Hash Key: unsortable_col
+         Group Key: unhashable_col
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: unhashable_col
+               ->  Seq Scan on gstest4
+(8 rows)
+
+select unhashable_col, unsortable_col,
+       grouping(unhashable_col, unsortable_col),
+       count(*), sum(v)
+  from gstest4 group by grouping sets ((v,unhashable_col),(v,unsortable_col))
+ order by 3,5;
+ unhashable_col | unsortable_col | grouping | count | sum 
+----------------+----------------+----------+-------+-----
+ 0000           |                |        1 |     1 |   1
+ 0001           |                |        1 |     1 |   2
+ 0010           |                |        1 |     1 |   4
+ 0011           |                |        1 |     1 |   8
+ 0000           |                |        1 |     1 |  16
+ 0001           |                |        1 |     1 |  32
+ 0010           |                |        1 |     1 |  64
+ 0011           |                |        1 |     1 | 128
+                |              1 |        2 |     1 |   1
+                |              1 |        2 |     1 |   2
+                |              2 |        2 |     1 |   4
+                |              2 |        2 |     1 |   8
+                |              2 |        2 |     1 |  16
+                |              2 |        2 |     1 |  32
+                |              1 |        2 |     1 |  64
+                |              1 |        2 |     1 | 128
+(16 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select unhashable_col, unsortable_col,
+         grouping(unhashable_col, unsortable_col),
+         count(*), sum(v)
+    from gstest4 group by grouping sets ((v,unhashable_col),(v,unsortable_col))
+   order by 3,5;
+                            QUERY PLAN                            
+------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: (GROUPING(unhashable_col, unsortable_col)), (sum(v))
+   ->  MixedAggregate
+         Hash Key: v, unsortable_col
+         Group Key: v, unhashable_col
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: v, unhashable_col
+               ->  Seq Scan on gstest4
+(8 rows)
+
+-- empty input: first is 0 rows, second 1, third 3 etc.
+select a, b, sum(v), count(*) from gstest_empty group by grouping sets ((a,b),a);
+ a | b | sum | count 
+---+---+-----+-------
+(0 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select a, b, sum(v), count(*) from gstest_empty group by grouping sets ((a,b),a);
+           QUERY PLAN           
+--------------------------------
+ HashAggregate
+   Hash Key: a, b
+   Hash Key: a
+   ->  Seq Scan on gstest_empty
+(4 rows)
+
+select a, b, sum(v), count(*) from gstest_empty group by grouping sets ((a,b),());
+ a | b | sum | count 
+---+---+-----+-------
+   |   |     |     0
+(1 row)
+
+select a, b, sum(v), count(*) from gstest_empty group by grouping sets ((a,b),(),(),());
+ a | b | sum | count 
+---+---+-----+-------
+   |   |     |     0
+   |   |     |     0
+   |   |     |     0
+(3 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select a, b, sum(v), count(*) from gstest_empty group by grouping sets ((a,b),(),(),());
+           QUERY PLAN           
+--------------------------------
+ MixedAggregate
+   Hash Key: a, b
+   Group Key: ()
+   Group Key: ()
+   Group Key: ()
+   ->  Seq Scan on gstest_empty
+(6 rows)
+
+select sum(v), count(*) from gstest_empty group by grouping sets ((),(),());
+ sum | count 
+-----+-------
+     |     0
+     |     0
+     |     0
+(3 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select sum(v), count(*) from gstest_empty group by grouping sets ((),(),());
+           QUERY PLAN           
+--------------------------------
+ Aggregate
+   Group Key: ()
+   Group Key: ()
+   Group Key: ()
+   ->  Seq Scan on gstest_empty
+(5 rows)
+
+-- check that functionally dependent cols are not nulled
+select a, d, grouping(a,b,c)
+  from gstest3
+ group by grouping sets ((a,b), (a,c));
+ a | d | grouping 
+---+---+----------
+ 1 | 1 |        1
+ 2 | 2 |        1
+ 1 | 1 |        2
+ 2 | 2 |        2
+(4 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select a, d, grouping(a,b,c)
+    from gstest3
+   group by grouping sets ((a,b), (a,c));
+        QUERY PLAN         
+---------------------------
+ HashAggregate
+   Hash Key: a, b
+   Hash Key: a, c
+   ->  Seq Scan on gstest3
+(4 rows)
+
+-- simple rescan tests
+select a, b, sum(v.x)
+  from (values (1),(2)) v(x), gstest_data(v.x)
+ group by grouping sets (a,b)
+ order by 1, 2, 3;
+ a | b | sum 
+---+---+-----
+ 1 |   |   3
+ 2 |   |   6
+   | 1 |   3
+   | 2 |   3
+   | 3 |   3
+(5 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select a, b, sum(v.x)
+    from (values (1),(2)) v(x), gstest_data(v.x)
+   group by grouping sets (a,b)
+   order by 3, 1, 2;
+                             QUERY PLAN                              
+---------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: (sum("*VALUES*".column1)), gstest_data.a, gstest_data.b
+   ->  HashAggregate
+         Hash Key: gstest_data.a
+         Hash Key: gstest_data.b
+         ->  Nested Loop
+               ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
+               ->  Function Scan on gstest_data
+(8 rows)
+
+select *
+  from (values (1),(2)) v(x),
+       lateral (select a, b, sum(v.x) from gstest_data(v.x) group by grouping sets (a,b)) s;
+ERROR:  aggregate functions are not allowed in FROM clause of their own query level
+LINE 3:        lateral (select a, b, sum(v.x) from gstest_data(v.x) ...
+                                     ^
+explain (costs off)
+  select *
+    from (values (1),(2)) v(x),
+         lateral (select a, b, sum(v.x) from gstest_data(v.x) group by grouping sets (a,b)) s;
+ERROR:  aggregate functions are not allowed in FROM clause of their own query level
+LINE 4:          lateral (select a, b, sum(v.x) from gstest_data(v.x...
+                                       ^
+-- Tests for chained aggregates
+select a, b, grouping(a,b), sum(v), count(*), max(v)
+  from gstest1 group by grouping sets ((a,b),(a+1,b+1),(a+2,b+2)) order by 3,6;
+ a | b | grouping | sum | count | max 
+---+---+----------+-----+-------+-----
+ 1 | 1 |        0 |  21 |     2 |  11
+ 1 | 2 |        0 |  25 |     2 |  13
+ 1 | 3 |        0 |  14 |     1 |  14
+ 2 | 3 |        0 |  15 |     1 |  15
+ 3 | 3 |        0 |  16 |     1 |  16
+ 3 | 4 |        0 |  17 |     1 |  17
+ 4 | 1 |        0 |  37 |     2 |  19
+   |   |        3 |  21 |     2 |  11
+   |   |        3 |  21 |     2 |  11
+   |   |        3 |  25 |     2 |  13
+   |   |        3 |  25 |     2 |  13
+   |   |        3 |  14 |     1 |  14
+   |   |        3 |  14 |     1 |  14
+   |   |        3 |  15 |     1 |  15
+   |   |        3 |  15 |     1 |  15
+   |   |        3 |  16 |     1 |  16
+   |   |        3 |  16 |     1 |  16
+   |   |        3 |  17 |     1 |  17
+   |   |        3 |  17 |     1 |  17
+   |   |        3 |  37 |     2 |  19
+   |   |        3 |  37 |     2 |  19
+(21 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select a, b, grouping(a,b), sum(v), count(*), max(v)
+    from gstest1 group by grouping sets ((a,b),(a+1,b+1),(a+2,b+2)) order by 3,6;
+                                        QUERY PLAN                                         
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: (GROUPING("*VALUES*".column1, "*VALUES*".column2)), (max("*VALUES*".column3))
+   ->  HashAggregate
+         Hash Key: "*VALUES*".column1, "*VALUES*".column2
+         Hash Key: ("*VALUES*".column1 + 1), ("*VALUES*".column2 + 1)
+         Hash Key: ("*VALUES*".column1 + 2), ("*VALUES*".column2 + 2)
+         ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
+(7 rows)
+
+select a, b, sum(c), sum(sum(c)) over (order by a,b) as rsum
+  from gstest2 group by cube (a,b) order by rsum, a, b;
+ a | b | sum | rsum 
+---+---+-----+------
+ 1 | 1 |   8 |    8
+ 1 | 2 |   2 |   10
+ 1 |   |  10 |   20
+ 2 | 2 |   2 |   22
+ 2 |   |   2 |   24
+   | 1 |   8 |   32
+   | 2 |   4 |   36
+   |   |  12 |   48
+(8 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select a, b, sum(c), sum(sum(c)) over (order by a,b) as rsum
+    from gstest2 group by cube (a,b) order by rsum, a, b;
+                 QUERY PLAN                  
+---------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: (sum((sum(c))) OVER (?)), a, b
+   ->  WindowAgg
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: a, b
+               ->  MixedAggregate
+                     Hash Key: a, b
+                     Hash Key: a
+                     Hash Key: b
+                     Group Key: ()
+                     ->  Seq Scan on gstest2
+(11 rows)
+
+select a, b, sum(v.x)
+  from (values (1),(2)) v(x), gstest_data(v.x)
+ group by cube (a,b) order by a,b;
+ a | b | sum 
+---+---+-----
+ 1 | 1 |   1
+ 1 | 2 |   1
+ 1 | 3 |   1
+ 1 |   |   3
+ 2 | 1 |   2
+ 2 | 2 |   2
+ 2 | 3 |   2
+ 2 |   |   6
+   | 1 |   3
+   | 2 |   3
+   | 3 |   3
+   |   |   9
+(12 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select a, b, sum(v.x)
+    from (values (1),(2)) v(x), gstest_data(v.x)
+   group by cube (a,b) order by a,b;
+                   QUERY PLAN                   
+------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: gstest_data.a, gstest_data.b
+   ->  MixedAggregate
+         Hash Key: gstest_data.a, gstest_data.b
+         Hash Key: gstest_data.a
+         Hash Key: gstest_data.b
+         Group Key: ()
+         ->  Nested Loop
+               ->  Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
+               ->  Function Scan on gstest_data
+(10 rows)
+
+-- Verify that we correctly handle the child node returning a
+-- non-minimal slot, which happens if the input is pre-sorted,
+-- e.g. due to an index scan.
+BEGIN;
+SET LOCAL enable_hashagg = false;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT a, b, count(*), max(a), max(b) FROM gstest3 GROUP BY GROUPING SETS(a, b,()) ORDER BY a, b;
+              QUERY PLAN               
+---------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: a, b
+   ->  GroupAggregate
+         Group Key: a
+         Group Key: ()
+         Sort Key: b
+           Group Key: b
+         ->  Sort
+               Sort Key: a
+               ->  Seq Scan on gstest3
+(10 rows)
+
+SELECT a, b, count(*), max(a), max(b) FROM gstest3 GROUP BY GROUPING SETS(a, b,()) ORDER BY a, b;
+ a | b | count | max | max 
+---+---+-------+-----+-----
+ 1 |   |     1 |   1 |   1
+ 2 |   |     1 |   2 |   2
+   | 1 |     1 |   1 |   1
+   | 2 |     1 |   2 |   2
+   |   |     2 |   2 |   2
+(5 rows)
+
+SET LOCAL enable_seqscan = false;
+EXPLAIN (COSTS OFF) SELECT a, b, count(*), max(a), max(b) FROM gstest3 GROUP BY GROUPING SETS(a, b,()) ORDER BY a, b;
+                      QUERY PLAN                      
+------------------------------------------------------
+ Sort
+   Sort Key: a, b
+   ->  GroupAggregate
+         Group Key: a
+         Group Key: ()
+         Sort Key: b
+           Group Key: b
+         ->  Index Scan using gstest3_pkey on gstest3
+(8 rows)
+
+SELECT a, b, count(*), max(a), max(b) FROM gstest3 GROUP BY GROUPING SETS(a, b,()) ORDER BY a, b;
+ a | b | count | max | max 
+---+---+-------+-----+-----
+ 1 |   |     1 |   1 |   1
+ 2 |   |     1 |   2 |   2
+   | 1 |     1 |   1 |   1
+   | 2 |     1 |   2 |   2
+   |   |     2 |   2 |   2
+(5 rows)
+
+COMMIT;
+-- More rescan tests
+select * from (values (1),(2)) v(a) left join lateral (select v.a, four, ten, count(*) from onek group by cube(four,ten)) s on true order by v.a,four,ten;
+ a | a | four | ten | count 
+---+---+------+-----+-------
+ 1 | 1 |    0 |   0 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    0 |   2 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    0 |   4 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    0 |   6 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    0 |   8 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    0 |     |   250
+ 1 | 1 |    1 |   1 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    1 |   3 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    1 |   5 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    1 |   7 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    1 |   9 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    1 |     |   250
+ 1 | 1 |    2 |   0 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    2 |   2 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    2 |   4 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    2 |   6 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    2 |   8 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    2 |     |   250
+ 1 | 1 |    3 |   1 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    3 |   3 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    3 |   5 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    3 |   7 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    3 |   9 |    50
+ 1 | 1 |    3 |     |   250
+ 1 | 1 |      |   0 |   100
+ 1 | 1 |      |   1 |   100
+ 1 | 1 |      |   2 |   100
+ 1 | 1 |      |   3 |   100
+ 1 | 1 |      |   4 |   100
+ 1 | 1 |      |   5 |   100
+ 1 | 1 |      |   6 |   100
+ 1 | 1 |      |   7 |   100
+ 1 | 1 |      |   8 |   100
+ 1 | 1 |      |   9 |   100
+ 1 | 1 |      |     |  1000
+ 2 | 2 |    0 |   0 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    0 |   2 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    0 |   4 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    0 |   6 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    0 |   8 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    0 |     |   250
+ 2 | 2 |    1 |   1 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    1 |   3 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    1 |   5 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    1 |   7 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    1 |   9 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    1 |     |   250
+ 2 | 2 |    2 |   0 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    2 |   2 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    2 |   4 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    2 |   6 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    2 |   8 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    2 |     |   250
+ 2 | 2 |    3 |   1 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    3 |   3 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    3 |   5 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    3 |   7 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    3 |   9 |    50
+ 2 | 2 |    3 |     |   250
+ 2 | 2 |      |   0 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |      |   1 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |      |   2 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |      |   3 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |      |   4 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |      |   5 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |      |   6 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |      |   7 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |      |   8 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |      |   9 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |      |     |  1000
+(70 rows)
+
+select array(select row(v.a,s1.*) from (select two,four, count(*) from onek group by cube(two,four) order by two,four) s1) from (values (1),(2)) v(a);
+                                                                        array                                                                         
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {"(1,0,0,250)","(1,0,2,250)","(1,0,,500)","(1,1,1,250)","(1,1,3,250)","(1,1,,500)","(1,,0,250)","(1,,1,250)","(1,,2,250)","(1,,3,250)","(1,,,1000)"}
+ {"(2,0,0,250)","(2,0,2,250)","(2,0,,500)","(2,1,1,250)","(2,1,3,250)","(2,1,,500)","(2,,0,250)","(2,,1,250)","(2,,2,250)","(2,,3,250)","(2,,,1000)"}
+(2 rows)
+
+-- Rescan logic changes when there are no empty grouping sets, so test
+-- that too:
+select * from (values (1),(2)) v(a) left join lateral (select v.a, four, ten, count(*) from onek group by grouping sets(four,ten)) s on true order by v.a,four,ten;
+ a | a | four | ten | count 
+---+---+------+-----+-------
+ 1 | 1 |    0 |     |   250
+ 1 | 1 |    1 |     |   250
+ 1 | 1 |    2 |     |   250
+ 1 | 1 |    3 |     |   250
+ 1 | 1 |      |   0 |   100
+ 1 | 1 |      |   1 |   100
+ 1 | 1 |      |   2 |   100
+ 1 | 1 |      |   3 |   100
+ 1 | 1 |      |   4 |   100
+ 1 | 1 |      |   5 |   100
+ 1 | 1 |      |   6 |   100
+ 1 | 1 |      |   7 |   100
+ 1 | 1 |      |   8 |   100
+ 1 | 1 |      |   9 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |    0 |     |   250
+ 2 | 2 |    1 |     |   250
+ 2 | 2 |    2 |     |   250
+ 2 | 2 |    3 |     |   250
+ 2 | 2 |      |   0 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |      |   1 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |      |   2 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |      |   3 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |      |   4 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |      |   5 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |      |   6 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |      |   7 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |      |   8 |   100
+ 2 | 2 |      |   9 |   100
+(28 rows)
+
+select array(select row(v.a,s1.*) from (select two,four, count(*) from onek group by grouping sets(two,four) order by two,four) s1) from (values (1),(2)) v(a);
+                                      array                                      
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ {"(1,0,,500)","(1,1,,500)","(1,,0,250)","(1,,1,250)","(1,,2,250)","(1,,3,250)"}
+ {"(2,0,,500)","(2,1,,500)","(2,,0,250)","(2,,1,250)","(2,,2,250)","(2,,3,250)"}
+(2 rows)
+
+-- test the knapsack
+set enable_indexscan = false;
+set hash_mem_multiplier = 1.0;
+set work_mem = '64kB';
+explain (costs off)
+  select unique1,
+         count(two), count(four), count(ten),
+         count(hundred), count(thousand), count(twothousand),
+         count(*)
+    from tenk1 group by grouping sets (unique1,twothousand,thousand,hundred,ten,four,two);
+          QUERY PLAN           
+-------------------------------
+ MixedAggregate
+   Hash Key: two
+   Hash Key: four
+   Hash Key: ten
+   Hash Key: hundred
+   Group Key: unique1
+   Sort Key: twothousand
+     Group Key: twothousand
+   Sort Key: thousand
+     Group Key: thousand
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: unique1
+         ->  Seq Scan on tenk1
+(13 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+  select unique1,
+         count(two), count(four), count(ten),
+         count(hundred), count(thousand), count(twothousand),
+         count(*)
+    from tenk1 group by grouping sets (unique1,hundred,ten,four,two);
+          QUERY PLAN           
+-------------------------------
+ MixedAggregate
+   Hash Key: two
+   Hash Key: four
+   Hash Key: ten
+   Hash Key: hundred
+   Group Key: unique1
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: unique1
+         ->  Seq Scan on tenk1
+(9 rows)
+
+set work_mem = '384kB';
+explain (costs off)
+  select unique1,
+         count(two), count(four), count(ten),
+         count(hundred), count(thousand), count(twothousand),
+         count(*)
+    from tenk1 group by grouping sets (unique1,twothousand,thousand,hundred,ten,four,two);
+          QUERY PLAN           
+-------------------------------
+ MixedAggregate
+   Hash Key: two
+   Hash Key: four
+   Hash Key: ten
+   Hash Key: hundred
+   Hash Key: thousand
+   Group Key: unique1
+   Sort Key: twothousand
+     Group Key: twothousand
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: unique1
+         ->  Seq Scan on tenk1
+(12 rows)
+
+-- check collation-sensitive matching between grouping expressions
+-- (similar to a check for aggregates, but there are additional code
+-- paths for GROUPING, so check again here)
+select v||'a', case grouping(v||'a') when 1 then 1 else 0 end, count(*)
+  from unnest(array[1,1], array['a','b']) u(i,v)
+ group by rollup(i, v||'a') order by 1,3;
+ ?column? | case | count 
+----------+------+-------
+ aa       |    0 |     1
+ ba       |    0 |     1
+          |    1 |     2
+          |    1 |     2
+(4 rows)
+
+select v||'a', case when grouping(v||'a') = 1 then 1 else 0 end, count(*)
+  from unnest(array[1,1], array['a','b']) u(i,v)
+ group by rollup(i, v||'a') order by 1,3;
+ ?column? | case | count 
+----------+------+-------
+ aa       |    0 |     1
+ ba       |    0 |     1
+          |    1 |     2
+          |    1 |     2
+(4 rows)
+
+-- Bug #16784
+create table bug_16784(i int, j int);
+analyze bug_16784;
+alter table bug_16784 set (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+update pg_class set reltuples = 10 where relname='bug_16784';
+insert into bug_16784 select g/10, g from generate_series(1,40) g;
+set work_mem='64kB';
+set enable_sort = false;
+select * from
+  (values (1),(2)) v(a),
+  lateral (select a, i, j, count(*) from
+             bug_16784 group by cube(i,j)) s
+  order by v.a, i, j;
+ a | a | i | j  | count 
+---+---+---+----+-------
+ 1 | 1 | 0 |  1 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 0 |  2 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 0 |  3 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 0 |  4 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 0 |  5 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 0 |  6 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 0 |  7 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 0 |  8 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 0 |  9 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 0 |    |     9
+ 1 | 1 | 1 | 10 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 1 | 11 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 1 | 12 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 1 | 13 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 1 | 14 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 1 | 15 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 1 | 16 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 1 | 17 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 1 | 18 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 1 | 19 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 1 |    |    10
+ 1 | 1 | 2 | 20 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 2 | 21 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 2 | 22 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 2 | 23 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 2 | 24 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 2 | 25 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 2 | 26 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 2 | 27 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 2 | 28 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 2 | 29 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 2 |    |    10
+ 1 | 1 | 3 | 30 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 3 | 31 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 3 | 32 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 3 | 33 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 3 | 34 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 3 | 35 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 3 | 36 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 3 | 37 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 3 | 38 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 3 | 39 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 3 |    |    10
+ 1 | 1 | 4 | 40 |     1
+ 1 | 1 | 4 |    |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   |  1 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   |  2 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   |  3 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   |  4 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   |  5 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   |  6 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   |  7 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   |  8 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   |  9 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 10 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 11 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 12 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 13 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 14 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 15 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 16 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 17 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 18 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 19 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 20 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 21 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 22 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 23 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 24 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 25 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 26 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 27 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 28 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 29 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 30 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 31 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 32 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 33 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 34 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 35 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 36 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 37 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 38 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 39 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   | 40 |     1
+ 1 | 1 |   |    |    40
+ 2 | 2 | 0 |  1 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 0 |  2 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 0 |  3 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 0 |  4 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 0 |  5 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 0 |  6 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 0 |  7 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 0 |  8 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 0 |  9 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 0 |    |     9
+ 2 | 2 | 1 | 10 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 1 | 11 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 1 | 12 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 1 | 13 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 1 | 14 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 1 | 15 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 1 | 16 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 1 | 17 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 1 | 18 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 1 | 19 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 1 |    |    10
+ 2 | 2 | 2 | 20 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 2 | 21 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 2 | 22 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 2 | 23 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 2 | 24 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 2 | 25 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 2 | 26 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 2 | 27 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 2 | 28 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 2 | 29 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 2 |    |    10
+ 2 | 2 | 3 | 30 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 3 | 31 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 3 | 32 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 3 | 33 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 3 | 34 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 3 | 35 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 3 | 36 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 3 | 37 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 3 | 38 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 3 | 39 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 3 |    |    10
+ 2 | 2 | 4 | 40 |     1
+ 2 | 2 | 4 |    |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   |  1 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   |  2 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   |  3 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   |  4 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   |  5 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   |  6 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   |  7 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   |  8 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   |  9 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 10 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 11 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 12 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 13 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 14 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 15 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 16 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 17 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 18 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 19 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 20 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 21 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 22 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 23 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 24 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 25 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 26 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 27 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 28 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 29 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 30 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 31 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 32 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 33 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 34 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 35 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 36 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 37 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 38 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 39 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   | 40 |     1
+ 2 | 2 |   |    |    40
+(172 rows)
+
+--
+-- Compare results between plans using sorting and plans using hash
+-- aggregation. Force spilling in both cases by setting work_mem low
+-- and altering the statistics.
+--
+create table gs_data_1 as
+select g%1000 as g1000, g%100 as g100, g%10 as g10, g
+   from generate_series(0,1999) g;
+analyze gs_data_1;
+alter table gs_data_1 set (autovacuum_enabled = 'false');
+update pg_class set reltuples = 10 where relname='gs_data_1';
+set work_mem='64kB';
+-- Produce results with sorting.
+set enable_sort = true;
+set enable_hashagg = false;
+set jit_above_cost = 0;
+explain (costs off)
+select g100, g10, sum(g::numeric), count(*), max(g::text)
+from gs_data_1 group by cube (g1000, g100,g10);
+             QUERY PLAN             
+------------------------------------
+ GroupAggregate
+   Group Key: g1000, g100, g10
+   Group Key: g1000, g100
+   Group Key: g1000
+   Group Key: ()
+   Sort Key: g100, g10
+     Group Key: g100, g10
+     Group Key: g100
+   Sort Key: g10, g1000
+     Group Key: g10, g1000
+     Group Key: g10
+   ->  Sort
+         Sort Key: g1000, g100, g10
+         ->  Seq Scan on gs_data_1
+(14 rows)
+
+create table gs_group_1 as
+select g100, g10, sum(g::numeric), count(*), max(g::text)
+from gs_data_1 group by cube (g1000, g100,g10);
+-- Produce results with hash aggregation.
+set enable_hashagg = true;
+set enable_sort = false;
+explain (costs off)
+select g100, g10, sum(g::numeric), count(*), max(g::text)
+from gs_data_1 group by cube (g1000, g100,g10);
+          QUERY PLAN          
+------------------------------
+ MixedAggregate
+   Hash Key: g1000, g100, g10
+   Hash Key: g1000, g100
+   Hash Key: g1000
+   Hash Key: g100, g10
+   Hash Key: g100
+   Hash Key: g10, g1000
+   Hash Key: g10
+   Group Key: ()
+   ->  Seq Scan on gs_data_1
+(10 rows)
+
+create table gs_hash_1 as
+select g100, g10, sum(g::numeric), count(*), max(g::text)
+from gs_data_1 group by cube (g1000, g100,g10);
+set enable_sort = true;
+set work_mem to default;
+set hash_mem_multiplier to default;
+-- Compare results
+(select * from gs_hash_1 except select * from gs_group_1)
+  union all
+(select * from gs_group_1 except select * from gs_hash_1);
+ g100 | g10 | sum | count | max 
+------+-----+-----+-------+-----
+(0 rows)
+
+drop table gs_group_1;
+drop table gs_hash_1;
+-- GROUP BY DISTINCT
+-- "normal" behavior...
+select a, b, c
+from (values (1, 2, 3), (4, null, 6), (7, 8, 9)) as t (a, b, c)
+group by all rollup(a, b), rollup(a, c)
+order by a, b, c;
+ a | b | c 
+---+---+---
+ 1 | 2 | 3
+ 1 | 2 |  
+ 1 | 2 |  
+ 1 |   | 3
+ 1 |   | 3
+ 1 |   |  
+ 1 |   |  
+ 1 |   |  
+ 4 |   | 6
+ 4 |   | 6
+ 4 |   | 6
+ 4 |   |  
+ 4 |   |  
+ 4 |   |  
+ 4 |   |  
+ 4 |   |  
+ 7 | 8 | 9
+ 7 | 8 |  
+ 7 | 8 |  
+ 7 |   | 9
+ 7 |   | 9
+ 7 |   |  
+ 7 |   |  
+ 7 |   |  
+   |   |  
+(25 rows)
+
+-- ...which is also the default
+select a, b, c
+from (values (1, 2, 3), (4, null, 6), (7, 8, 9)) as t (a, b, c)
+group by rollup(a, b), rollup(a, c)
+order by a, b, c;
+ a | b | c 
+---+---+---
+ 1 | 2 | 3
+ 1 | 2 |  
+ 1 | 2 |  
+ 1 |   | 3
+ 1 |   | 3
+ 1 |   |  
+ 1 |   |  
+ 1 |   |  
+ 4 |   | 6
+ 4 |   | 6
+ 4 |   | 6
+ 4 |   |  
+ 4 |   |  
+ 4 |   |  
+ 4 |   |  
+ 4 |   |  
+ 7 | 8 | 9
+ 7 | 8 |  
+ 7 | 8 |  
+ 7 |   | 9
+ 7 |   | 9
+ 7 |   |  
+ 7 |   |  
+ 7 |   |  
+   |   |  
+(25 rows)
+
+-- "group by distinct" behavior...
+select a, b, c
+from (values (1, 2, 3), (4, null, 6), (7, 8, 9)) as t (a, b, c)
+group by distinct rollup(a, b), rollup(a, c)
+order by a, b, c;
+ a | b | c 
+---+---+---
+ 1 | 2 | 3
+ 1 | 2 |  
+ 1 |   | 3
+ 1 |   |  
+ 4 |   | 6
+ 4 |   | 6
+ 4 |   |  
+ 4 |   |  
+ 7 | 8 | 9
+ 7 | 8 |  
+ 7 |   | 9
+ 7 |   |  
+   |   |  
+(13 rows)
+
+-- ...which is not the same as "select distinct"
+select distinct a, b, c
+from (values (1, 2, 3), (4, null, 6), (7, 8, 9)) as t (a, b, c)
+group by rollup(a, b), rollup(a, c)
+order by a, b, c;
+ a | b | c 
+---+---+---
+ 1 | 2 | 3
+ 1 | 2 |  
+ 1 |   | 3
+ 1 |   |  
+ 4 |   | 6
+ 4 |   |  
+ 7 | 8 | 9
+ 7 | 8 |  
+ 7 |   | 9
+ 7 |   |  
+   |   |  
+(11 rows)
+
+-- test handling of outer GroupingFunc within subqueries
+explain (costs off)
+select (select grouping(v1)) from (values ((select 1))) v(v1) group by cube(v1);
+        QUERY PLAN         
+---------------------------
+ MixedAggregate
+   Hash Key: $2
+   Group Key: ()
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $1)
+     ->  Result
+   InitPlan 3 (returns $2)
+     ->  Result
+   ->  Result
+   SubPlan 2
+     ->  Result
+(10 rows)
+
+select (select grouping(v1)) from (values ((select 1))) v(v1) group by cube(v1);
+ grouping 
+----------
+        1
+        0
+(2 rows)
+
+explain (costs off)
+select (select grouping(v1)) from (values ((select 1))) v(v1) group by v1;
+        QUERY PLAN         
+---------------------------
+ GroupAggregate
+   InitPlan 1 (returns $1)
+     ->  Result
+   InitPlan 3 (returns $2)
+     ->  Result
+   ->  Result
+   SubPlan 2
+     ->  Result
+(8 rows)
+
+select (select grouping(v1)) from (values ((select 1))) v(v1) group by v1;
+ grouping 
+----------
+        0
+(1 row)
+
+-- end