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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>pg_dumpall</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="pgsql-docs@lists.postgresql.org" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /><link rel="prev" href="app-pgdump.html" title="pg_dump" /><link rel="next" href="app-pg-isready.html" title="pg_isready" /></head><body id="docContent" class="container-fluid col-10"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center"><span class="application">pg_dumpall</span></th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="app-pgdump.html" title="pg_dump">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="reference-client.html" title="PostgreSQL Client Applications">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">PostgreSQL Client Applications</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 16.2 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="app-pg-isready.html" title="pg_isready">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="refentry" id="APP-PG-DUMPALL"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.4.14.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">pg_dumpall</span></span></h2><p>pg_dumpall — extract a <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> database cluster into a script file</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><div class="cmdsynopsis"><p id="id-1.9.4.14.4.1"><code class="command">pg_dumpall</code> [<em class="replaceable"><code>connection-option</code></em>...] [<em class="replaceable"><code>option</code></em>...]</p></div></div><div class="refsect1" id="APP-PG-DUMPALL-DESCRIPTION"><h2>Description</h2><p>
<span class="application">pg_dumpall</span> is a utility for writing out
(<span class="quote">“<span class="quote">dumping</span>”</span>) all <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> databases
of a cluster into one script file. The script file contains
<acronym class="acronym">SQL</acronym> commands that can be used as input to <a class="xref" href="app-psql.html" title="psql"><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">psql</span></span></a> to restore the databases. It does this by
calling <a class="xref" href="app-pgdump.html" title="pg_dump"><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">pg_dump</span></span></a> for each database in the cluster.
<span class="application">pg_dumpall</span> also dumps global objects
that are common to all databases, namely database roles, tablespaces,
and privilege grants for configuration parameters.
(<span class="application">pg_dump</span> does not save these objects.)
</p><p>
Since <span class="application">pg_dumpall</span> reads tables from all
databases you will most likely have to connect as a database
superuser in order to produce a complete dump. Also you will need
superuser privileges to execute the saved script in order to be
allowed to add roles and create databases.
</p><p>
The SQL script will be written to the standard output. Use the
<code class="option">-f</code>/<code class="option">--file</code> option or shell operators to
redirect it into a file.
</p><p>
<span class="application">pg_dumpall</span> needs to connect several
times to the <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> server (once per
database). If you use password authentication it will ask for
a password each time. It is convenient to have a
<code class="filename">~/.pgpass</code> file in such cases. See <a class="xref" href="libpq-pgpass.html" title="34.16. The Password File">Section 34.16</a> for more information.
</p></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.4.14.6"><h2>Options</h2><p>
The following command-line options control the content and
format of the output.
</p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-a</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--data-only</code></span></dt><dd><p>
Dump only the data, not the schema (data definitions).
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-c</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--clean</code></span></dt><dd><p>
Emit SQL commands to <code class="command">DROP</code> all the dumped
databases, roles, and tablespaces before recreating them.
This option is useful when the restore is to overwrite an existing
cluster. If any of the objects do not exist in the destination
cluster, ignorable error messages will be reported during
restore, unless <code class="option">--if-exists</code> is also specified.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-E <em class="replaceable"><code>encoding</code></em></code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--encoding=<em class="replaceable"><code>encoding</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p>
Create the dump in the specified character set encoding. By default,
the dump is created in the database encoding. (Another way to get the
same result is to set the <code class="envar">PGCLIENTENCODING</code> environment
variable to the desired dump encoding.)
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-f <em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--file=<em class="replaceable"><code>filename</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p>
Send output to the specified file. If this is omitted, the
standard output is used.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-g</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--globals-only</code></span></dt><dd><p>
Dump only global objects (roles and tablespaces), no databases.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-O</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--no-owner</code></span></dt><dd><p>
Do not output commands to set
ownership of objects to match the original database.
By default, <span class="application">pg_dumpall</span> issues
<code class="command">ALTER OWNER</code> or
<code class="command">SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION</code>
statements to set ownership of created schema elements.
These statements
will fail when the script is run unless it is started by a superuser
(or the same user that owns all of the objects in the script).
To make a script that can be restored by any user, but will give
that user ownership of all the objects, specify <code class="option">-O</code>.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-r</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--roles-only</code></span></dt><dd><p>
Dump only roles, no databases or tablespaces.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-s</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--schema-only</code></span></dt><dd><p>
Dump only the object definitions (schema), not data.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-S <em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em></code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--superuser=<em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p>
Specify the superuser user name to use when disabling triggers.
This is relevant only if <code class="option">--disable-triggers</code> is used.
(Usually, it's better to leave this out, and instead start the
resulting script as superuser.)
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-t</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--tablespaces-only</code></span></dt><dd><p>
Dump only tablespaces, no databases or roles.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-v</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--verbose</code></span></dt><dd><p>
Specifies verbose mode. This will cause
<span class="application">pg_dumpall</span> to output start/stop
times to the dump file, and progress messages to standard error.
Repeating the option causes additional debug-level messages
to appear on standard error.
The option is also passed down to <span class="application">pg_dump</span>.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-V</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--version</code></span></dt><dd><p>
Print the <span class="application">pg_dumpall</span> version and exit.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-x</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--no-privileges</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--no-acl</code></span></dt><dd><p>
Prevent dumping of access privileges (grant/revoke commands).
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--binary-upgrade</code></span></dt><dd><p>
This option is for use by in-place upgrade utilities. Its use
for other purposes is not recommended or supported. The
behavior of the option may change in future releases without
notice.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--column-inserts</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--attribute-inserts</code></span></dt><dd><p>
Dump data as <code class="command">INSERT</code> commands with explicit
column names (<code class="literal">INSERT INTO
<em class="replaceable"><code>table</code></em>
(<em class="replaceable"><code>column</code></em>, ...) VALUES
...</code>). This will make restoration very slow; it is mainly
useful for making dumps that can be loaded into
non-<span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> databases.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--disable-dollar-quoting</code></span></dt><dd><p>
This option disables the use of dollar quoting for function bodies,
and forces them to be quoted using SQL standard string syntax.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--disable-triggers</code></span></dt><dd><p>
This option is relevant only when creating a data-only dump.
It instructs <span class="application">pg_dumpall</span> to include commands
to temporarily disable triggers on the target tables while
the data is restored. Use this if you have referential
integrity checks or other triggers on the tables that you
do not want to invoke during data restore.
</p><p>
Presently, the commands emitted for <code class="option">--disable-triggers</code>
must be done as superuser. So, you should also specify
a superuser name with <code class="option">-S</code>, or preferably be careful to
start the resulting script as a superuser.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--exclude-database=<em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p>
Do not dump databases whose name matches
<em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em>.
Multiple patterns can be excluded by writing multiple
<code class="option">--exclude-database</code> switches. The
<em class="replaceable"><code>pattern</code></em> parameter is
interpreted as a pattern according to the same rules used by
<span class="application">psql</span>'s <code class="literal">\d</code>
commands (see <a class="xref" href="app-psql.html#APP-PSQL-PATTERNS" title="Patterns">Patterns</a>),
so multiple databases can also be excluded by writing wildcard
characters in the pattern. When using wildcards, be careful to
quote the pattern if needed to prevent shell wildcard expansion.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--extra-float-digits=<em class="replaceable"><code>ndigits</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p>
Use the specified value of extra_float_digits when dumping
floating-point data, instead of the maximum available precision.
Routine dumps made for backup purposes should not use this option.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--if-exists</code></span></dt><dd><p>
Use <code class="literal">DROP ... IF EXISTS</code> commands to drop objects
in <code class="option">--clean</code> mode. This suppresses <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">does not
exist</span>”</span> errors that might otherwise be reported. This
option is not valid unless <code class="option">--clean</code> is also
specified.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--inserts</code></span></dt><dd><p>
Dump data as <code class="command">INSERT</code> commands (rather
than <code class="command">COPY</code>). This will make restoration very slow;
it is mainly useful for making dumps that can be loaded into
non-<span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> databases. Note that
the restore might fail altogether if you have rearranged column order.
The <code class="option">--column-inserts</code> option is safer, though even
slower.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--load-via-partition-root</code></span></dt><dd><p>
When dumping data for a table partition, make
the <code class="command">COPY</code> or <code class="command">INSERT</code> statements
target the root of the partitioning hierarchy that contains it, rather
than the partition itself. This causes the appropriate partition to
be re-determined for each row when the data is loaded. This may be
useful when restoring data on a server where rows do not always fall
into the same partitions as they did on the original server. That
could happen, for example, if the partitioning column is of type text
and the two systems have different definitions of the collation used
to sort the partitioning column.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--lock-wait-timeout=<em class="replaceable"><code>timeout</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p>
Do not wait forever to acquire shared table locks at the beginning of
the dump. Instead, fail if unable to lock a table within the specified
<em class="replaceable"><code>timeout</code></em>. The timeout may be
specified in any of the formats accepted by <code class="command">SET
statement_timeout</code>.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--no-comments</code></span></dt><dd><p>
Do not dump comments.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--no-publications</code></span></dt><dd><p>
Do not dump publications.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--no-role-passwords</code></span></dt><dd><p>
Do not dump passwords for roles. When restored, roles will have a
null password, and password authentication will always fail until the
password is set. Since password values aren't needed when this option
is specified, the role information is read from the catalog
view <code class="structname">pg_roles</code> instead
of <code class="structname">pg_authid</code>. Therefore, this option also
helps if access to <code class="structname">pg_authid</code> is restricted by
some security policy.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--no-security-labels</code></span></dt><dd><p>
Do not dump security labels.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--no-subscriptions</code></span></dt><dd><p>
Do not dump subscriptions.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--no-sync</code></span></dt><dd><p>
By default, <code class="command">pg_dumpall</code> will wait for all files
to be written safely to disk. This option causes
<code class="command">pg_dumpall</code> to return without waiting, which is
faster, but means that a subsequent operating system crash can leave
the dump corrupt. Generally, this option is useful for testing
but should not be used when dumping data from production installation.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--no-table-access-method</code></span></dt><dd><p>
Do not output commands to select table access methods.
With this option, all objects will be created with whichever
table access method is the default during restore.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--no-tablespaces</code></span></dt><dd><p>
Do not output commands to create tablespaces nor select tablespaces
for objects.
With this option, all objects will be created in whichever
tablespace is the default during restore.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--no-toast-compression</code></span></dt><dd><p>
Do not output commands to set <acronym class="acronym">TOAST</acronym> compression
methods.
With this option, all columns will be restored with the default
compression setting.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--no-unlogged-table-data</code></span></dt><dd><p>
Do not dump the contents of unlogged tables. This option has no
effect on whether or not the table definitions (schema) are dumped;
it only suppresses dumping the table data.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--on-conflict-do-nothing</code></span></dt><dd><p>
Add <code class="literal">ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING</code> to
<code class="command">INSERT</code> commands.
This option is not valid unless <code class="option">--inserts</code> or
<code class="option">--column-inserts</code> is also specified.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--quote-all-identifiers</code></span></dt><dd><p>
Force quoting of all identifiers. This option is recommended when
dumping a database from a server whose <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span>
major version is different from <span class="application">pg_dumpall</span>'s, or when
the output is intended to be loaded into a server of a different
major version. By default, <span class="application">pg_dumpall</span> quotes only
identifiers that are reserved words in its own major version.
This sometimes results in compatibility issues when dealing with
servers of other versions that may have slightly different sets
of reserved words. Using <code class="option">--quote-all-identifiers</code> prevents
such issues, at the price of a harder-to-read dump script.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--rows-per-insert=<em class="replaceable"><code>nrows</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p>
Dump data as <code class="command">INSERT</code> commands (rather than
<code class="command">COPY</code>). Controls the maximum number of rows per
<code class="command">INSERT</code> command. The value specified must be a
number greater than zero. Any error during restoring will cause only
rows that are part of the problematic <code class="command">INSERT</code> to be
lost, rather than the entire table contents.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--use-set-session-authorization</code></span></dt><dd><p>
Output SQL-standard <code class="command">SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION</code> commands
instead of <code class="command">ALTER OWNER</code> commands to determine object
ownership. This makes the dump more standards compatible, but
depending on the history of the objects in the dump, might not restore
properly.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-?</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--help</code></span></dt><dd><p>
Show help about <span class="application">pg_dumpall</span> command line
arguments, and exit.
</p></dd></dl></div><p>
</p><p>
The following command-line options control the database connection parameters.
</p><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-d <em class="replaceable"><code>connstr</code></em></code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--dbname=<em class="replaceable"><code>connstr</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p>
Specifies parameters used to connect to the server, as a <a class="link" href="libpq-connect.html#LIBPQ-CONNSTRING" title="34.1.1. Connection Strings">connection string</a>; these
will override any conflicting command line options.
</p><p>
The option is called <code class="literal">--dbname</code> for consistency with other
client applications, but because <span class="application">pg_dumpall</span>
needs to connect to many databases, the database name in the
connection string will be ignored. Use the <code class="literal">-l</code>
option to specify the name of the database used for the initial
connection, which will dump global objects and discover what other
databases should be dumped.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-h <em class="replaceable"><code>host</code></em></code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--host=<em class="replaceable"><code>host</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p>
Specifies the host name of the machine on which the database
server is running. If the value begins with a slash, it is
used as the directory for the Unix domain socket. The default
is taken from the <code class="envar">PGHOST</code> environment variable,
if set, else a Unix domain socket connection is attempted.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-l <em class="replaceable"><code>dbname</code></em></code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--database=<em class="replaceable"><code>dbname</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p>
Specifies the name of the database to connect to for dumping global
objects and discovering what other databases should be dumped. If
not specified, the <code class="literal">postgres</code> database will be used,
and if that does not exist, <code class="literal">template1</code> will be used.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-p <em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--port=<em class="replaceable"><code>port</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p>
Specifies the TCP port or local Unix domain socket file
extension on which the server is listening for connections.
Defaults to the <code class="envar">PGPORT</code> environment variable, if
set, or a compiled-in default.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-U <em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em></code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--username=<em class="replaceable"><code>username</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p>
User name to connect as.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-w</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--no-password</code></span></dt><dd><p>
Never issue a password prompt. If the server requires
password authentication and a password is not available by
other means such as a <code class="filename">.pgpass</code> file, the
connection attempt will fail. This option can be useful in
batch jobs and scripts where no user is present to enter a
password.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">-W</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="option">--password</code></span></dt><dd><p>
Force <span class="application">pg_dumpall</span> to prompt for a
password before connecting to a database.
</p><p>
This option is never essential, since
<span class="application">pg_dumpall</span> will automatically prompt
for a password if the server demands password authentication.
However, <span class="application">pg_dumpall</span> will waste a
connection attempt finding out that the server wants a password.
In some cases it is worth typing <code class="option">-W</code> to avoid the extra
connection attempt.
</p><p>
Note that the password prompt will occur again for each database
to be dumped. Usually, it's better to set up a
<code class="filename">~/.pgpass</code> file than to rely on manual password entry.
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="option">--role=<em class="replaceable"><code>rolename</code></em></code></span></dt><dd><p>
Specifies a role name to be used to create the dump.
This option causes <span class="application">pg_dumpall</span> to issue a
<code class="command">SET ROLE</code> <em class="replaceable"><code>rolename</code></em>
command after connecting to the database. It is useful when the
authenticated user (specified by <code class="option">-U</code>) lacks privileges
needed by <span class="application">pg_dumpall</span>, but can switch to a role with
the required rights. Some installations have a policy against
logging in directly as a superuser, and use of this option allows
dumps to be made without violating the policy.
</p></dd></dl></div><p>
</p></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.4.14.7"><h2>Environment</h2><div class="variablelist"><dl class="variablelist"><dt><span class="term"><code class="envar">PGHOST</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="envar">PGOPTIONS</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="envar">PGPORT</code><br /></span><span class="term"><code class="envar">PGUSER</code></span></dt><dd><p>
Default connection parameters
</p></dd><dt><span class="term"><code class="envar">PG_COLOR</code></span></dt><dd><p>
Specifies whether to use color in diagnostic messages. Possible values
are <code class="literal">always</code>, <code class="literal">auto</code> and
<code class="literal">never</code>.
</p></dd></dl></div><p>
This utility, like most other <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> utilities,
also uses the environment variables supported by <span class="application">libpq</span>
(see <a class="xref" href="libpq-envars.html" title="34.15. Environment Variables">Section 34.15</a>).
</p></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.4.14.8"><h2>Notes</h2><p>
Since <span class="application">pg_dumpall</span> calls
<span class="application">pg_dump</span> internally, some diagnostic
messages will refer to <span class="application">pg_dump</span>.
</p><p>
The <code class="option">--clean</code> option can be useful even when your
intention is to restore the dump script into a fresh cluster. Use of
<code class="option">--clean</code> authorizes the script to drop and re-create the
built-in <code class="literal">postgres</code> and <code class="literal">template1</code>
databases, ensuring that those databases will retain the same properties
(for instance, locale and encoding) that they had in the source cluster.
Without the option, those databases will retain their existing
database-level properties, as well as any pre-existing contents.
</p><p>
Once restored, it is wise to run <code class="command">ANALYZE</code> on each
database so the optimizer has useful statistics. You
can also run <code class="command">vacuumdb -a -z</code> to analyze all
databases.
</p><p>
The dump script should not be expected to run completely without errors.
In particular, because the script will issue <code class="command">CREATE ROLE</code>
for every role existing in the source cluster, it is certain to get a
<span class="quote">“<span class="quote">role already exists</span>”</span> error for the bootstrap superuser,
unless the destination cluster was initialized with a different bootstrap
superuser name. This error is harmless and should be ignored. Use of
the <code class="option">--clean</code> option is likely to produce additional
harmless error messages about non-existent objects, although you can
minimize those by adding <code class="option">--if-exists</code>.
</p><p>
<span class="application">pg_dumpall</span> requires all needed
tablespace directories to exist before the restore; otherwise,
database creation will fail for databases in non-default
locations.
</p></div><div class="refsect1" id="APP-PG-DUMPALL-EX"><h2>Examples</h2><p>
To dump all databases:
</p><pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>pg_dumpall > db.out</code></strong>
</pre><p>
</p><p>
To restore database(s) from this file, you can use:
</p><pre class="screen">
<code class="prompt">$</code> <strong class="userinput"><code>psql -f db.out postgres</code></strong>
</pre><p>
It is not important to which database you connect here since the
script file created by <span class="application">pg_dumpall</span> will
contain the appropriate commands to create and connect to the saved
databases. An exception is that if you specified <code class="option">--clean</code>,
you must connect to the <code class="literal">postgres</code> database initially;
the script will attempt to drop other databases immediately, and that
will fail for the database you are connected to.
</p></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.4.14.10"><h2>See Also</h2><p>
Check <a class="xref" href="app-pgdump.html" title="pg_dump"><span class="refentrytitle"><span class="application">pg_dump</span></span></a> for details on possible
error conditions.
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