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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>E.2. Release 16.1</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="pgsql-docs@lists.postgresql.org" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /><link rel="prev" href="release-16-2.html" title="E.1. Release 16.2" /><link rel="next" href="release-16.html" title="E.3. Release 16" /></head><body id="docContent" class="container-fluid col-10"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">E.2. Release 16.1</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="release-16-2.html" title="E.1. Release 16.2">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="release.html" title="Appendix E. Release Notes">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">Appendix E. Release Notes</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 16.2 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="release-16.html" title="E.3. Release 16">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="sect1" id="RELEASE-16-1"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">E.2. Release 16.1 <a href="#RELEASE-16-1" class="id_link">#</a></h2></div></div></div><div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="release-16-1.html#RELEASE-16-1-MIGRATION">E.2.1. Migration to Version 16.1</a></span></dt><dt><span class="sect2"><a href="release-16-1.html#RELEASE-16-1-CHANGES">E.2.2. Changes</a></span></dt></dl></div><p><strong>Release date: </strong>2023-11-09</p><p>
   This release contains a variety of fixes from 16.0.
   For information about new features in major release 16, see
   <a class="xref" href="release-16.html" title="E.3. Release 16">Section E.3</a>.
  </p><div class="sect2" id="RELEASE-16-1-MIGRATION"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">E.2.1. Migration to Version 16.1 <a href="#RELEASE-16-1-MIGRATION" class="id_link">#</a></h3></div></div></div><p>
    A dump/restore is not required for those running 16.X.
   </p><p>
    However, several mistakes have been discovered that could lead to
    certain types of indexes yielding wrong search results or being
    unnecessarily inefficient.  It is advisable
    to <code class="command">REINDEX</code> potentially-affected indexes after
    installing this update.  See the fourth through seventh changelog
    entries below.
   </p></div><div class="sect2" id="RELEASE-16-1-CHANGES"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">E.2.2. Changes <a href="#RELEASE-16-1-CHANGES" class="id_link">#</a></h3></div></div></div><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem"><p>
      Fix handling of unknown-type arguments
      in <code class="literal">DISTINCT</code> <code class="type">"any"</code> aggregate
      functions (Tom Lane)
     </p><p>
      This error led to a <code class="type">text</code>-type value being interpreted
      as an <code class="type">unknown</code>-type value (that is, a zero-terminated
      string) at runtime.  This could result in disclosure of server
      memory following the <code class="type">text</code> value.
     </p><p>
      The <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> Project thanks Jingzhou Fu
      for reporting this problem.
      (CVE-2023-5868)
     </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
      Detect integer overflow while computing new array dimensions
      (Tom Lane)
     </p><p>
      When assigning new elements to array subscripts that are outside the
      current array bounds, an undetected integer overflow could occur in
      edge cases.  Memory stomps that are potentially exploitable for
      arbitrary code execution are possible, and so is disclosure of
      server memory.
     </p><p>
      The <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> Project thanks Pedro
      Gallegos for reporting this problem.
      (CVE-2023-5869)
     </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
      Prevent the <code class="literal">pg_signal_backend</code> role from
      signalling background workers and autovacuum processes
      (Noah Misch, Jelte Fennema-Nio)
     </p><p>
      The documentation says that <code class="literal">pg_signal_backend</code>
      cannot issue signals to superuser-owned processes.  It was able to
      signal these background processes, though, because they advertise a
      role OID of zero.  Treat that as indicating superuser ownership.
      The security implications of cancelling one of these process types
      are fairly small so far as the core code goes (we'll just start
      another one), but extensions might add background workers that are
      more vulnerable.
     </p><p>
      Also ensure that the <code class="varname">is_superuser</code> parameter is
      set correctly in such processes.  No specific security consequences
      are known for that oversight, but it might be significant for some
      extensions.
     </p><p>
      The <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> Project thanks
      Hemanth Sandrana and Mahendrakar Srinivasarao
      for reporting this problem.
      (CVE-2023-5870)
     </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
      Fix misbehavior during recursive page split in GiST index build
      (Heikki Linnakangas)
     </p><p>
      Fix a case where the location of a page downlink was incorrectly
      tracked, and introduce some logic to allow recovering from such
      situations rather than silently doing the wrong thing.  This error
      could result in incorrect answers from subsequent index searches.
      It may be advisable to reindex all GiST indexes after installing
      this update.
     </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
      Prevent de-duplication of btree index entries
      for <code class="type">interval</code> columns (Noah Misch)
     </p><p>
      There are <code class="type">interval</code> values that are distinguishable but
      compare equal, for example <code class="literal">24:00:00</code>
      and <code class="literal">1 day</code>.  This breaks assumptions made by btree
      de-duplication, so <code class="type">interval</code> columns need to be excluded
      from de-duplication.  This oversight can cause incorrect results
      from index-only scans.  Moreover, after
      updating <span class="application">amcheck</span> will report an error for
      almost all such indexes.  Users should reindex any btree indexes
      on <code class="type">interval</code> columns.
     </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
      Process <code class="type">date</code> values more sanely in
      BRIN <code class="literal">datetime_minmax_multi_ops</code> indexes
      (Tomas Vondra)
     </p><p>
      The distance calculation for dates was backward, causing poor
      decisions about which entries to merge.  The index still produces
      correct results, but is much less efficient than it should be.
      Reindexing BRIN <code class="literal">minmax_multi</code> indexes
      on <code class="type">date</code> columns is advisable.
     </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
      Process large <code class="type">timestamp</code> and <code class="type">timestamptz</code>
      values more sanely in
      BRIN <code class="literal">datetime_minmax_multi_ops</code> indexes
      (Tomas Vondra)
     </p><p>
      Infinities were mistakenly treated as having distance zero rather
      than a large distance from other values, causing poor decisions
      about which entries to merge.  Also, finite-but-very-large values
      (near the endpoints of the representable timestamp range) could
      result in internal overflows, again causing poor decisions.  The
      index still produces correct results, but is much less efficient
      than it should be.  Reindexing BRIN <code class="literal">minmax_multi</code>
      indexes on <code class="type">timestamp</code> and <code class="type">timestamptz</code>
      columns is advisable if the column contains, or has contained,
      infinities or large finite values.
     </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
      Avoid calculation overflows in
      BRIN <code class="literal">interval_minmax_multi_ops</code> indexes with
      extreme interval values (Tomas Vondra)
     </p><p>
      This bug might have caused unexpected failures while trying to
      insert large interval values into such an index.
     </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
      Fix partition step generation and runtime partition pruning for
      hash-partitioned tables with multiple partition keys (David Rowley)
     </p><p>
      Some cases involving an <code class="literal">IS NULL</code> condition on one
      of the partition keys could result in a crash.
     </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
      Fix inconsistent rechecking of concurrently-updated rows
      during <code class="command">MERGE</code> (Dean Rasheed)
     </p><p>
      In <code class="literal">READ COMMITTED</code> mode, an update that finds that
      its target row was just updated by a concurrent transaction will
      recheck the query's <code class="literal">WHERE</code> conditions on the
      updated row.  <code class="command">MERGE</code> failed to ensure that the
      proper rows of other joined tables were used during this recheck,
      possibly resulting in incorrect decisions about whether the
      newly-updated row should be updated again
      by <code class="command">MERGE</code>.
     </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
      Correctly identify the target table in an
      inherited <code class="command">UPDATE</code>/<code class="command">DELETE</code>/<code class="command">MERGE</code>
      even when the parent table is excluded by constraints (Amit Langote,
      Tom Lane)
     </p><p>
      If the initially-named table is excluded by constraints, but not all
      its inheritance descendants are, the first non-excluded descendant
      was identified as the primary target table.  This would lead to
      firing statement-level triggers associated with that table, rather
      than the initially-named table as should happen.  In v16, the same
      oversight could also lead to <span class="quote"><span class="quote">invalid perminfoindex 0 in RTE
      with relid NNNN</span></span> errors.
     </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
      Fix edge case in btree mark/restore processing of ScalarArrayOpExpr
      clauses (Peter Geoghegan)
     </p><p>
      When restoring an indexscan to a previously marked position, the
      code could miss required setup steps if the scan had advanced
      exactly to the end of the matches for a ScalarArrayOpExpr (that is,
      an <code class="literal">indexcol = ANY(ARRAY[])</code>) clause.  This could
      result in missing some rows that should have been fetched.
     </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
      Fix intra-query memory leak in Memoize execution
      (Orlov Aleksej, David Rowley)
     </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
      Fix intra-query memory leak when a set-returning function repeatedly
      returns zero rows (Tom Lane)
     </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
      Don't crash if <code class="function">cursor_to_xmlschema()</code> is applied
      to a non-data-returning Portal (Boyu Yang)
     </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
      Fix improper sharing of origin filter condition across
      successive <code class="function">pg_logical_slot_get_changes()</code> calls
      (Hou Zhijie)
     </p><p>
      The origin condition set by one call of this function would be
      re-used by later calls that did not specify the origin argument.
      This was not intended.
     </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
      Throw the intended error if <code class="function">pgrowlocks()</code> is
      applied to a partitioned table (David Rowley)
     </p><p>
      Previously, a not-on-point complaint <span class="quote"><span class="quote">only heap AM is
      supported</span></span> would be raised.
     </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
      Handle invalid indexes more cleanly in assorted SQL functions
      (Noah Misch)
     </p><p>
      Report an error if <code class="function">pgstatindex()</code>,
      <code class="function">pgstatginindex()</code>,
      <code class="function">pgstathashindex()</code>,
      or <code class="function">pgstattuple()</code> is applied to an invalid
      index.  If <code class="function">brin_desummarize_range()</code>,
      <code class="function">brin_summarize_new_values()</code>,
      <code class="function">brin_summarize_range()</code>,
      or <code class="function">gin_clean_pending_list()</code> is applied to an
      invalid index, do nothing except to report a debug-level message.
      Formerly these functions attempted to process the index, and might
      fail in strange ways depending on what the failed <code class="command">CREATE
      INDEX</code> had left behind.
     </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
      Avoid premature memory allocation failure with long inputs
      to <code class="function">to_tsvector()</code> (Tom Lane)
     </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
      Fix over-allocation of the constructed <code class="type">tsvector</code>
      in <code class="function">tsvectorrecv()</code> (Denis Erokhin)
     </p><p>
      If the incoming vector includes position data, the binary receive
      function left wasted space (roughly equal to the size of the
      position data) in the finished <code class="type">tsvector</code>.  In extreme
      cases this could lead to <span class="quote"><span class="quote">maximum total lexeme length
      exceeded</span></span> failures for vectors that were under the length
      limit when emitted.  In any case it could lead to wasted space
      on-disk.
     </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
      Improve checks for corrupt PGLZ compressed data (Flavien Guedez)
     </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
      Fix <code class="command">ALTER SUBSCRIPTION</code> so that a commanded change
      in the <code class="literal">run_as_owner</code> option is actually applied
      (Hou Zhijie)
     </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
      Fix bulk table insertion into partitioned tables (Andres Freund)
     </p><p>
      Improper sharing of insertion state across partitions could result
      in failures during <code class="command">COPY FROM</code>, typically
      manifesting as <span class="quote"><span class="quote">could not read block NNNN in file XXXX: read
      only 0 of 8192 bytes</span></span> errors.
     </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
      In <code class="command">COPY FROM</code>, avoid evaluating column default
      values that will not be needed by the command (Laurenz Albe)
     </p><p>
      This avoids a possible error if the default value isn't actually
      valid for the column, or if the default's expression would fail in
      the current execution context.  Such edge cases sometimes arise
      while restoring dumps, for example.  Previous releases did not fail
      in this situation, so prevent v16 from doing so.
     </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
      In <code class="command">COPY FROM</code>, fail cleanly when an unsupported
      encoding conversion is needed (Tom Lane)
     </p><p>
      Recent refactoring accidentally removed the intended error check for
      this, such that it ended in <span class="quote"><span class="quote">cache lookup failed for function
      0</span></span> instead of a useful error message.
     </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
      Avoid crash in <code class="command">EXPLAIN</code> if a parameter marked to
      be displayed by <code class="command">EXPLAIN</code> has a NULL boot-time
      value (Xing Guo, Aleksander Alekseev, Tom Lane)
     </p><p>
      No built-in parameter fits this description, but an extension could
      define such a parameter.
     </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
      Ensure we have a snapshot while dropping <code class="literal">ON COMMIT
      DROP</code> temp tables (Tom Lane)
     </p><p>
      This prevents possible misbehavior if any catalog entries for the
      temp tables have fields wide enough to require toasting (such as a
      very complex <code class="literal">CHECK</code> condition).
     </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
      Avoid improper response to shutdown signals in child processes
      just forked by <code class="function">system()</code> (Nathan Bossart)
     </p><p>
      This fix avoids a race condition in which a child process that has
      been forked off by <code class="function">system()</code>, but hasn't yet
      exec'd the intended child program, might receive and act on a signal
      intended for the parent server process.  That would lead to
      duplicate cleanup actions being performed, which will not end well.
     </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
      Cope with torn reads of <code class="filename">pg_control</code> in frontend
      programs (Thomas Munro)
     </p><p>
      On some file systems, reading <code class="filename">pg_control</code> may
      not be an atomic action when the server concurrently writes that
      file.  This is detectable via a bad CRC.  Retry a few times to see
      if the file becomes valid before we report error.
     </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
      Avoid torn reads of <code class="filename">pg_control</code> in relevant SQL
      functions (Thomas Munro)
     </p><p>
      Acquire the appropriate lock before
      reading <code class="filename">pg_control</code>, to ensure we get a
      consistent view of that file.
     </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
      Fix <span class="quote"><span class="quote">could not find pathkey item to sort</span></span> errors
      occurring while planning aggregate functions with <code class="literal">ORDER
      BY</code> or <code class="literal">DISTINCT</code> options (David Rowley)
     </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
      Avoid integer overflow when computing size of backend activity
      string array (Jakub Wartak)
     </p><p>
      On 64-bit machines we will allow values
      of <code class="varname">track_activity_query_size</code> large enough to
      cause 32-bit overflow when multiplied by the allowed number of
      connections.  The code actually allocating the per-backend local
      array was careless about this though, and allocated the array
      incorrectly.
     </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
      Fix briefly showing inconsistent progress statistics
      for <code class="command">ANALYZE</code> on inherited tables
      (Heikki Linnakangas)
     </p><p>
      The block-level counters should be reset to zero at the same time we
      update the current-relation field.
     </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
      Fix the background writer to report any WAL writes it makes to the
      statistics counters (Nazir Bilal Yavuz)
     </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
      Fix confusion about forced-flush behavior
      in <code class="function">pgstat_report_wal()</code>
      (Ryoga Yoshida, Michael Paquier)
     </p><p>
      This could result in some statistics about WAL I/O being forgotten
      in a shutdown.
     </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
      Fix statistics tracking of temporary-table extensions (Karina
      Litskevich, Andres Freund)
     </p><p>
      These were counted as normal-table writes when they should be
      counted as temp-table writes.
     </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
      When <code class="varname">track_io_timing</code> is enabled, include the
      time taken by relation extension operations as write time
      (Nazir Bilal Yavuz)
     </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
      Track the dependencies of cached <code class="command">CALL</code> statements,
      and re-plan them when needed (Tom Lane)
     </p><p>
      DDL commands, such as replacement of a function that has been
      inlined into a <code class="command">CALL</code> argument, can create the need
      to re-plan a <code class="command">CALL</code> that has been cached by
      PL/pgSQL.  That was not happening, leading to misbehavior or strange
      errors such as <span class="quote"><span class="quote">cache lookup failed</span></span>.
     </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
      Avoid a possible pfree-a-NULL-pointer crash after an error in
      OpenSSL connection setup (Sergey Shinderuk)
     </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
      Track nesting depth correctly when
      inspecting <code class="type">RECORD</code>-type Vars from outer query levels
      (Richard Guo)
     </p><p>
      This oversight could lead to assertion failures, core dumps,
      or <span class="quote"><span class="quote">bogus varno</span></span> errors.
     </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
      Track hash function and negator function dependencies of
      ScalarArrayOpExpr plan nodes (David Rowley)
     </p><p>
      In most cases this oversight was harmless, since these functions
      would be unlikely to disappear while the node's original operator
      remains present.
     </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
      Fix error-handling bug in <code class="type">RECORD</code> type cache management
      (Thomas Munro)
     </p><p>
      An out-of-memory error occurring at just the wrong point could leave
      behind inconsistent state that would lead to an infinite loop.
     </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
      Treat out-of-memory failures as fatal while reading WAL
      (Michael Paquier)
     </p><p>
      Previously this would be treated as a bogus-data condition, leading
      to the conclusion that we'd reached the end of WAL, which is
      incorrect and could lead to inconsistent WAL replay.
     </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
      Fix possible recovery failure due to trying to allocate memory based
      on a bogus WAL record length field (Thomas Munro, Michael Paquier)
     </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
      Fix <span class="quote"><span class="quote">could not duplicate handle</span></span> error occurring on
      Windows when <code class="varname">min_dynamic_shared_memory</code> is set
      above zero (Thomas Munro)
     </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
      Fix order of operations in <code class="function">GenericXLogFinish</code>
      (Jeff Davis)
     </p><p>
      This code violated the conditions required for crash safety by
      writing WAL before marking changed buffers dirty.  No core code uses
      this function, but extensions do (<code class="filename">contrib/bloom</code>
      does, for example).
     </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
      Remove incorrect assertion in PL/Python exception handling
      (Alexander Lakhin)
     </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
      Fix <span class="application">pg_dump</span> to dump the
      new <code class="literal">run_as_owner</code> option of subscriptions
      (Philip Warner)
     </p><p>
      Due to this oversight, subscriptions would always be restored
      with <code class="literal">run_as_owner</code> set
      to <code class="literal">false</code>, which is not equivalent to their
      behavior in pre-v16 releases.
     </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
      Fix <span class="application">pg_restore</span> so that selective restores
      will include both table-level and column-level ACLs for selected
      tables (Euler Taveira, Tom Lane)
     </p><p>
      Formerly, only the table-level ACL would get restored if both types
      were present.
     </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
      Add logic to <span class="application">pg_upgrade</span> to check for use
      of <code class="type">abstime</code>, <code class="type">reltime</code>,
      and <code class="type">tinterval</code> data types (Álvaro Herrera)
     </p><p>
      These obsolete data types were removed
      in <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> version 12, so check to
      make sure they aren't present in an older database before claiming
      it can be upgraded.
     </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
      Avoid false <span class="quote"><span class="quote">too many client connections</span></span> errors
      in <span class="application">pgbench</span> on Windows (Noah Misch)
     </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
      Fix <span class="application">vacuumdb</span>'s handling of
      multiple <code class="option">-N</code> switches (Nathan Bossart, Kuwamura
      Masaki)
     </p><p>
      Multiple <code class="option">-N</code> switches should exclude tables
      in multiple schemas, but in fact excluded nothing due to faulty
      construction of a generated query.
     </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
      Fix <span class="application">vacuumdb</span> to honor
      its <code class="option">--buffer-usage-limit</code> option in analyze-only
      mode (Ryoga Yoshida, David Rowley)
     </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
      In <code class="filename">contrib/amcheck</code>, do not report interrupted
      page deletion as corruption (Noah Misch)
     </p><p>
      This fix prevents false-positive reports of <span class="quote"><span class="quote">the first child
      of leftmost target page is not leftmost of its
      level</span></span>, <span class="quote"><span class="quote">block NNNN is not leftmost</span></span>
      or <span class="quote"><span class="quote">left link/right link pair in index XXXX not in
      agreement</span></span>.  They appeared
      if <span class="application">amcheck</span> ran after an unfinished btree
      index page deletion and before <code class="command">VACUUM</code> had cleaned
      things up.
     </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
      Fix failure of <code class="filename">contrib/btree_gin</code> indexes
      on <code class="type">interval</code> columns,
      when an indexscan using the <code class="literal">&lt;</code>
      or <code class="literal">&lt;=</code> operator is performed (Dean Rasheed)
     </p><p>
      Such an indexscan failed to return all the entries it should.
     </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
      Add support for LLVM 16 and 17 (Thomas Munro, Dmitry Dolgov)
     </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
      Suppress assorted build-time warnings on
      recent <span class="productname">macOS</span> (Tom Lane)
     </p><p>
      <span class="productname">Xcode 15</span> (released
      with <span class="productname">macOS Sonoma</span>) changed the linker's
      behavior in a way that causes many duplicate-library warnings while
      building <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span>.  These were
      harmless, but they're annoying so avoid citing the same libraries
      twice.  Also remove use of the <code class="option">-multiply_defined
      suppress</code> linker switch, which apparently has been a no-op
      for a long time, and is now actively complained of.
     </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
      When building <code class="filename">contrib/unaccent</code>'s rules file,
      fall back to using <code class="literal">python</code>
      if <code class="literal">--with-python</code> was not given and make
      variable <code class="literal">PYTHON</code> was not set (Japin Li)
     </p></li><li class="listitem"><p>
      Remove <code class="literal">PHOT</code> (Phoenix Islands Time) from the
      default timezone abbreviations list (Tom Lane)
     </p><p>
      Presence of this abbreviation in the default list can cause failures
      on recent Debian and Ubuntu releases, as they no longer install the
      underlying tzdb entry by default.  Since this is a made-up
      abbreviation for a zone with a total human population of about two
      dozen, it seems unlikely that anyone will miss it.  If someone does,
      they can put it back via a custom abbreviations file.
     </p></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="release-16-2.html" title="E.1. Release 16.2">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="release.html" title="Appendix E. Release Notes">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="release-16.html" title="E.3. Release 16">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">E.1. Release 16.2 </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 16.2 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> E.3. Release 16</td></tr></table></div></body></html>