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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><title>REVOKE</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="stylesheet.css" /><link rev="made" href="pgsql-docs@lists.postgresql.org" /><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot" /><link rel="prev" href="sql-reset.html" title="RESET" /><link rel="next" href="sql-rollback.html" title="ROLLBACK" /></head><body id="docContent" class="container-fluid col-10"><div class="navheader"><table width="100%" summary="Navigation header"><tr><th colspan="5" align="center">REVOKE</th></tr><tr><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="sql-reset.html" title="RESET">Prev</a> </td><td width="10%" align="left"><a accesskey="u" href="sql-commands.html" title="SQL Commands">Up</a></td><th width="60%" align="center">SQL Commands</th><td width="10%" align="right"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 16.2 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="10%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="sql-rollback.html" title="ROLLBACK">Next</a></td></tr></table><hr /></div><div class="refentry" id="SQL-REVOKE"><div class="titlepage"></div><a id="id-1.9.3.166.1" class="indexterm"></a><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle">REVOKE</span></h2><p>REVOKE — remove access privileges</p></div><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><h2>Synopsis</h2><pre class="synopsis">
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE | TRUNCATE | REFERENCES | TRIGGER }
[, ...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON { [ TABLE ] <em class="replaceable"><code>table_name</code></em> [, ...]
| ALL TABLES IN SCHEMA <em class="replaceable"><code>schema_name</code></em> [, ...] }
FROM <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> [, ...]
[ GRANTED BY <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> ]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | REFERENCES } ( <em class="replaceable"><code>column_name</code></em> [, ...] )
[, ...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] ( <em class="replaceable"><code>column_name</code></em> [, ...] ) }
ON [ TABLE ] <em class="replaceable"><code>table_name</code></em> [, ...]
FROM <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> [, ...]
[ GRANTED BY <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> ]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { USAGE | SELECT | UPDATE }
[, ...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON { SEQUENCE <em class="replaceable"><code>sequence_name</code></em> [, ...]
| ALL SEQUENCES IN SCHEMA <em class="replaceable"><code>schema_name</code></em> [, ...] }
FROM <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> [, ...]
[ GRANTED BY <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> ]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { CREATE | CONNECT | TEMPORARY | TEMP } [, ...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON DATABASE <em class="replaceable"><code>database_name</code></em> [, ...]
FROM <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> [, ...]
[ GRANTED BY <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> ]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON DOMAIN <em class="replaceable"><code>domain_name</code></em> [, ...]
FROM <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> [, ...]
[ GRANTED BY <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> ]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER <em class="replaceable"><code>fdw_name</code></em> [, ...]
FROM <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> [, ...]
[ GRANTED BY <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> ]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON FOREIGN SERVER <em class="replaceable"><code>server_name</code></em> [, ...]
FROM <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> [, ...]
[ GRANTED BY <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> ]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ EXECUTE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON { { FUNCTION | PROCEDURE | ROUTINE } <em class="replaceable"><code>function_name</code></em> [ ( [ [ <em class="replaceable"><code>argmode</code></em> ] [ <em class="replaceable"><code>arg_name</code></em> ] <em class="replaceable"><code>arg_type</code></em> [, ...] ] ) ] [, ...]
| ALL { FUNCTIONS | PROCEDURES | ROUTINES } IN SCHEMA <em class="replaceable"><code>schema_name</code></em> [, ...] }
FROM <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> [, ...]
[ GRANTED BY <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> ]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON LANGUAGE <em class="replaceable"><code>lang_name</code></em> [, ...]
FROM <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> [, ...]
[ GRANTED BY <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> ]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { SELECT | UPDATE } [, ...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON LARGE OBJECT <em class="replaceable"><code>loid</code></em> [, ...]
FROM <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> [, ...]
[ GRANTED BY <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> ]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { SET | ALTER SYSTEM } [, ...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON PARAMETER <em class="replaceable"><code>configuration_parameter</code></em> [, ...]
FROM <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> [, ...]
[ GRANTED BY <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> ]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ { CREATE | USAGE } [, ...] | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON SCHEMA <em class="replaceable"><code>schema_name</code></em> [, ...]
FROM <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> [, ...]
[ GRANTED BY <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> ]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ CREATE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON TABLESPACE <em class="replaceable"><code>tablespace_name</code></em> [, ...]
FROM <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> [, ...]
[ GRANTED BY <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> ]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ GRANT OPTION FOR ]
{ USAGE | ALL [ PRIVILEGES ] }
ON TYPE <em class="replaceable"><code>type_name</code></em> [, ...]
FROM <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> [, ...]
[ GRANTED BY <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> ]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
REVOKE [ { ADMIN | INHERIT | SET } OPTION FOR ]
<em class="replaceable"><code>role_name</code></em> [, ...] FROM <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> [, ...]
[ GRANTED BY <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> ]
[ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]
<span class="phrase">where <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em> can be:</span>
[ GROUP ] <em class="replaceable"><code>role_name</code></em>
| PUBLIC
| CURRENT_ROLE
| CURRENT_USER
| SESSION_USER
</pre></div><div class="refsect1" id="SQL-REVOKE-DESCRIPTION"><h2>Description</h2><p>
The <code class="command">REVOKE</code> command revokes previously granted
privileges from one or more roles. The key word
<code class="literal">PUBLIC</code> refers to the implicitly defined group of
all roles.
</p><p>
See the description of the <a class="link" href="sql-grant.html" title="GRANT"><code class="command">GRANT</code></a> command for
the meaning of the privilege types.
</p><p>
Note that any particular role will have the sum
of privileges granted directly to it, privileges granted to any role it
is presently a member of, and privileges granted to
<code class="literal">PUBLIC</code>. Thus, for example, revoking <code class="literal">SELECT</code> privilege
from <code class="literal">PUBLIC</code> does not necessarily mean that all roles
have lost <code class="literal">SELECT</code> privilege on the object: those who have it granted
directly or via another role will still have it. Similarly, revoking
<code class="literal">SELECT</code> from a user might not prevent that user from using
<code class="literal">SELECT</code> if <code class="literal">PUBLIC</code> or another membership
role still has <code class="literal">SELECT</code> rights.
</p><p>
If <code class="literal">GRANT OPTION FOR</code> is specified, only the grant
option for the privilege is revoked, not the privilege itself.
Otherwise, both the privilege and the grant option are revoked.
</p><p>
If a user holds a privilege with grant option and has granted it to
other users then the privileges held by those other users are
called dependent privileges. If the privilege or the grant option
held by the first user is being revoked and dependent privileges
exist, those dependent privileges are also revoked if
<code class="literal">CASCADE</code> is specified; if it is not, the revoke action
will fail. This recursive revocation only affects privileges that
were granted through a chain of users that is traceable to the user
that is the subject of this <code class="literal">REVOKE</code> command.
Thus, the affected users might effectively keep the privilege if it
was also granted through other users.
</p><p>
When revoking privileges on a table, the corresponding column privileges
(if any) are automatically revoked on each column of the table, as well.
On the other hand, if a role has been granted privileges on a table, then
revoking the same privileges from individual columns will have no effect.
</p><p>
When revoking membership in a role, <code class="literal">GRANT OPTION</code> is instead
called <code class="literal">ADMIN OPTION</code>, but the behavior is similar.
Note that, in releases prior to <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span> 16,
dependent privileges were not tracked for grants of role membership,
and thus <code class="literal">CASCADE</code> had no effect for role membership.
This is no longer the case.
Note also that this form of the command does not
allow the noise word <code class="literal">GROUP</code>
in <em class="replaceable"><code>role_specification</code></em>.
</p><p>
Just as <code class="literal">ADMIN OPTION</code> can be removed from an existing
role grant, it is also possible to revoke <code class="literal">INHERIT OPTION</code>
or <code class="literal">SET OPTION</code>. This is equivalent to setting the value
of the corresponding option to <code class="literal">FALSE</code>.
</p></div><div class="refsect1" id="SQL-REVOKE-NOTES"><h2>Notes</h2><p>
A user can only revoke privileges that were granted directly by
that user. If, for example, user A has granted a privilege with
grant option to user B, and user B has in turn granted it to user
C, then user A cannot revoke the privilege directly from C.
Instead, user A could revoke the grant option from user B and use
the <code class="literal">CASCADE</code> option so that the privilege is
in turn revoked from user C. For another example, if both A and B
have granted the same privilege to C, A can revoke their own grant
but not B's grant, so C will still effectively have the privilege.
</p><p>
When a non-owner of an object attempts to <code class="command">REVOKE</code> privileges
on the object, the command will fail outright if the user has no
privileges whatsoever on the object. As long as some privilege is
available, the command will proceed, but it will revoke only those
privileges for which the user has grant options. The <code class="command">REVOKE ALL
PRIVILEGES</code> forms will issue a warning message if no grant options are
held, while the other forms will issue a warning if grant options for
any of the privileges specifically named in the command are not held.
(In principle these statements apply to the object owner as well, but
since the owner is always treated as holding all grant options, the
cases can never occur.)
</p><p>
If a superuser chooses to issue a <code class="command">GRANT</code> or <code class="command">REVOKE</code>
command, the command is performed as though it were issued by the
owner of the affected object. (Since roles do not have owners, in the
case of a <code class="command">GRANT</code> of role membership, the command is
performed as though it were issued by the bootstrap superuser.)
Since all privileges ultimately come
from the object owner (possibly indirectly via chains of grant options),
it is possible for a superuser to revoke all privileges, but this might
require use of <code class="literal">CASCADE</code> as stated above.
</p><p>
<code class="command">REVOKE</code> can also be done by a role
that is not the owner of the affected object, but is a member of the role
that owns the object, or is a member of a role that holds privileges
<code class="literal">WITH GRANT OPTION</code> on the object. In this case the
command is performed as though it were issued by the containing role that
actually owns the object or holds the privileges
<code class="literal">WITH GRANT OPTION</code>. For example, if table
<code class="literal">t1</code> is owned by role <code class="literal">g1</code>, of which role
<code class="literal">u1</code> is a member, then <code class="literal">u1</code> can revoke privileges
on <code class="literal">t1</code> that are recorded as being granted by <code class="literal">g1</code>.
This would include grants made by <code class="literal">u1</code> as well as by other
members of role <code class="literal">g1</code>.
</p><p>
If the role executing <code class="command">REVOKE</code> holds privileges
indirectly via more than one role membership path, it is unspecified
which containing role will be used to perform the command. In such cases
it is best practice to use <code class="command">SET ROLE</code> to become the specific
role you want to do the <code class="command">REVOKE</code> as. Failure to do so might
lead to revoking privileges other than the ones you intended, or not
revoking anything at all.
</p><p>
See <a class="xref" href="ddl-priv.html" title="5.7. Privileges">Section 5.7</a> for more information about specific
privilege types, as well as how to inspect objects' privileges.
</p></div><div class="refsect1" id="SQL-REVOKE-EXAMPLES"><h2>Examples</h2><p>
Revoke insert privilege for the public on table
<code class="literal">films</code>:
</p><pre class="programlisting">
REVOKE INSERT ON films FROM PUBLIC;
</pre><p>
</p><p>
Revoke all privileges from user <code class="literal">manuel</code> on view
<code class="literal">kinds</code>:
</p><pre class="programlisting">
REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES ON kinds FROM manuel;
</pre><p>
Note that this actually means <span class="quote">“<span class="quote">revoke all privileges that I
granted</span>”</span>.
</p><p>
Revoke membership in role <code class="literal">admins</code> from user <code class="literal">joe</code>:
</p><pre class="programlisting">
REVOKE admins FROM joe;
</pre></div><div class="refsect1" id="SQL-REVOKE-COMPATIBILITY"><h2>Compatibility</h2><p>
The compatibility notes of the <a class="link" href="sql-grant.html" title="GRANT"><code class="command">GRANT</code></a> command
apply analogously to <code class="command">REVOKE</code>.
The keyword <code class="literal">RESTRICT</code> or <code class="literal">CASCADE</code>
is required according to the standard, but <span class="productname">PostgreSQL</span>
assumes <code class="literal">RESTRICT</code> by default.
</p></div><div class="refsect1" id="id-1.9.3.166.9"><h2>See Also</h2><span class="simplelist"><a class="xref" href="sql-grant.html" title="GRANT"><span class="refentrytitle">GRANT</span></a>, <a class="xref" href="sql-alterdefaultprivileges.html" title="ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES"><span class="refentrytitle">ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES</span></a></span></div></div><div class="navfooter"><hr /><table width="100%" summary="Navigation footer"><tr><td width="40%" align="left"><a accesskey="p" href="sql-reset.html" title="RESET">Prev</a> </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="u" href="sql-commands.html" title="SQL Commands">Up</a></td><td width="40%" align="right"> <a accesskey="n" href="sql-rollback.html" title="ROLLBACK">Next</a></td></tr><tr><td width="40%" align="left" valign="top">RESET </td><td width="20%" align="center"><a accesskey="h" href="index.html" title="PostgreSQL 16.2 Documentation">Home</a></td><td width="40%" align="right" valign="top"> ROLLBACK</td></tr></table></div></body></html>
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