path: root/src/test/regress/expected/timestamp.out

--
-- TIMESTAMP
--
CREATE TABLE TIMESTAMP_TBL (d1 timestamp(2) without time zone);
-- Test shorthand input values
-- We can't just "select" the results since they aren't constants; test for
-- equality instead.  We can do that by running the test inside a transaction
-- block, within which the value of 'now' shouldn't change, and so these
-- related values shouldn't either.
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('today');
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('yesterday');
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('tomorrow');
-- time zone should be ignored by this data type
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('tomorrow EST');
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('tomorrow zulu');
SELECT count(*) AS One FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL WHERE d1 = timestamp without time zone 'today';
 one 
-----
   1
(1 row)

SELECT count(*) AS Three FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL WHERE d1 = timestamp without time zone 'tomorrow';
 three 
-------
     3
(1 row)

SELECT count(*) AS One FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL WHERE d1 = timestamp without time zone 'yesterday';
 one 
-----
   1
(1 row)

COMMIT;
DELETE FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
-- Verify that 'now' *does* change over a reasonable interval such as 100 msec,
-- and that it doesn't change over the same interval within a transaction block
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('now');
SELECT pg_sleep(0.1);
 pg_sleep 
----------
 
(1 row)

BEGIN;
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('now');
SELECT pg_sleep(0.1);
 pg_sleep 
----------
 
(1 row)

INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('now');
SELECT pg_sleep(0.1);
 pg_sleep 
----------
 
(1 row)

SELECT count(*) AS two FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL WHERE d1 = timestamp(2) without time zone 'now';
 two 
-----
   2
(1 row)

SELECT count(d1) AS three, count(DISTINCT d1) AS two FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
 three | two 
-------+-----
     3 |   2
(1 row)

COMMIT;
TRUNCATE TIMESTAMP_TBL;
-- Special values
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('-infinity');
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('infinity');
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('epoch');
SELECT timestamp 'infinity' = timestamp '+infinity' AS t;
 t 
---
 t
(1 row)

-- Postgres v6.0 standard output format
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 PST');
-- Variations on Postgres v6.1 standard output format
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.000001 1997 PST');
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.999999 1997 PST');
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.4 1997 PST');
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.5 1997 PST');
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.6 1997 PST');
-- ISO 8601 format
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('1997-01-02');
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('1997-01-02 03:04:05');
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('1997-02-10 17:32:01-08');
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('1997-02-10 17:32:01-0800');
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('1997-02-10 17:32:01 -08:00');
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('19970210 173201 -0800');
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('1997-06-10 17:32:01 -07:00');
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('2001-09-22T18:19:20');
-- POSIX format (note that the timezone abbrev is just decoration here)
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('2000-03-15 08:14:01 GMT+8');
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('2000-03-15 13:14:02 GMT-1');
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('2000-03-15 12:14:03 GMT-2');
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('2000-03-15 03:14:04 PST+8');
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('2000-03-15 02:14:05 MST+7:00');
-- Variations for acceptable input formats
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 10 17:32:01 1997 -0800');
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 10 17:32:01 1997');
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 10 5:32PM 1997');
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('1997/02/10 17:32:01-0800');
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('1997-02-10 17:32:01 PST');
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb-10-1997 17:32:01 PST');
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('02-10-1997 17:32:01 PST');
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('19970210 173201 PST');
set datestyle to ymd;
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('97FEB10 5:32:01PM UTC');
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('97/02/10 17:32:01 UTC');
reset datestyle;
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('1997.041 17:32:01 UTC');
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('19970210 173201 America/New_York');
-- this fails (even though TZ is a no-op, we still look it up)
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('19970710 173201 America/Does_not_exist');
ERROR:  time zone "america/does_not_exist" not recognized
LINE 1: INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('19970710 173201 America/D...
                                          ^
-- Test non-error-throwing API
SELECT pg_input_is_valid('now', 'timestamp');
 pg_input_is_valid 
-------------------
 t
(1 row)

SELECT pg_input_is_valid('garbage', 'timestamp');
 pg_input_is_valid 
-------------------
 f
(1 row)

SELECT pg_input_is_valid('2001-01-01 00:00 Nehwon/Lankhmar', 'timestamp');
 pg_input_is_valid 
-------------------
 f
(1 row)

SELECT * FROM pg_input_error_info('garbage', 'timestamp');
                      message                       | detail | hint | sql_error_code 
----------------------------------------------------+--------+------+----------------
 invalid input syntax for type timestamp: "garbage" |        |      | 22007
(1 row)

SELECT * FROM pg_input_error_info('2001-01-01 00:00 Nehwon/Lankhmar', 'timestamp');
                  message                   | detail | hint | sql_error_code 
--------------------------------------------+--------+------+----------------
 time zone "nehwon/lankhmar" not recognized |        |      | 22023
(1 row)

-- Check date conversion and date arithmetic
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('1997-06-10 18:32:01 PDT');
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 10 17:32:01 1997');
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 11 17:32:01 1997');
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 12 17:32:01 1997');
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 13 17:32:01 1997');
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 14 17:32:01 1997');
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 15 17:32:01 1997');
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 1997');
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 BC');
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 0097');
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 0597');
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 1097');
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 1697');
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 1797');
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 1897');
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 1997');
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 2097');
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 28 17:32:01 1996');
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 29 17:32:01 1996');
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Mar 01 17:32:01 1996');
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Dec 30 17:32:01 1996');
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Dec 31 17:32:01 1996');
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Jan 01 17:32:01 1997');
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 28 17:32:01 1997');
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 29 17:32:01 1997');
ERROR:  date/time field value out of range: "Feb 29 17:32:01 1997"
LINE 1: INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 29 17:32:01 1997');
                                          ^
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Mar 01 17:32:01 1997');
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Dec 30 17:32:01 1997');
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Dec 31 17:32:01 1997');
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Dec 31 17:32:01 1999');
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Jan 01 17:32:01 2000');
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Dec 31 17:32:01 2000');
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Jan 01 17:32:01 2001');
-- Currently unsupported syntax and ranges
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 -0097');
ERROR:  time zone displacement out of range: "Feb 16 17:32:01 -0097"
LINE 1: INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 -0097');
                                          ^
INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 5097 BC');
ERROR:  timestamp out of range: "Feb 16 17:32:01 5097 BC"
LINE 1: INSERT INTO TIMESTAMP_TBL VALUES ('Feb 16 17:32:01 5097 BC')...
                                          ^
SELECT d1 FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
             d1              
-----------------------------
 -infinity
 infinity
 Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:02 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.4 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.5 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.6 1997
 Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 1997
 Thu Jan 02 03:04:05 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Tue Jun 10 17:32:01 1997
 Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001
 Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000
 Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000
 Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000
 Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000
 Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:00 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Tue Jun 10 18:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Tue Feb 11 17:32:01 1997
 Wed Feb 12 17:32:01 1997
 Thu Feb 13 17:32:01 1997
 Fri Feb 14 17:32:01 1997
 Sat Feb 15 17:32:01 1997
 Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997
 Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 BC
 Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 0097
 Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 0597
 Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1097
 Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 1697
 Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 1797
 Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1897
 Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997
 Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 2097
 Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996
 Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996
 Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996
 Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996
 Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996
 Wed Jan 01 17:32:01 1997
 Fri Feb 28 17:32:01 1997
 Sat Mar 01 17:32:01 1997
 Tue Dec 30 17:32:01 1997
 Wed Dec 31 17:32:01 1997
 Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999
 Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000
 Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000
 Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001
(65 rows)

-- Check behavior at the boundaries of the timestamp range
SELECT '4714-11-24 00:00:00 BC'::timestamp;
          timestamp          
-----------------------------
 Mon Nov 24 00:00:00 4714 BC
(1 row)

SELECT '4714-11-23 23:59:59 BC'::timestamp;  -- out of range
ERROR:  timestamp out of range: "4714-11-23 23:59:59 BC"
LINE 1: SELECT '4714-11-23 23:59:59 BC'::timestamp;
               ^
SELECT '294276-12-31 23:59:59'::timestamp;
         timestamp          
----------------------------
 Sun Dec 31 23:59:59 294276
(1 row)

SELECT '294277-01-01 00:00:00'::timestamp;  -- out of range
ERROR:  timestamp out of range: "294277-01-01 00:00:00"
LINE 1: SELECT '294277-01-01 00:00:00'::timestamp;
               ^
-- Demonstrate functions and operators
SELECT d1 FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL
   WHERE d1 > timestamp without time zone '1997-01-02';
             d1             
----------------------------
 infinity
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:02 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.4 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.5 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.6 1997
 Thu Jan 02 03:04:05 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Tue Jun 10 17:32:01 1997
 Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001
 Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000
 Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000
 Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000
 Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000
 Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:00 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Tue Jun 10 18:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Tue Feb 11 17:32:01 1997
 Wed Feb 12 17:32:01 1997
 Thu Feb 13 17:32:01 1997
 Fri Feb 14 17:32:01 1997
 Sat Feb 15 17:32:01 1997
 Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997
 Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997
 Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 2097
 Fri Feb 28 17:32:01 1997
 Sat Mar 01 17:32:01 1997
 Tue Dec 30 17:32:01 1997
 Wed Dec 31 17:32:01 1997
 Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999
 Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000
 Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000
 Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001
(49 rows)

SELECT d1 FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL
   WHERE d1 < timestamp without time zone '1997-01-02';
             d1              
-----------------------------
 -infinity
 Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
 Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 BC
 Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 0097
 Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 0597
 Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1097
 Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 1697
 Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 1797
 Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1897
 Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996
 Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996
 Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996
 Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996
 Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996
 Wed Jan 01 17:32:01 1997
(15 rows)

SELECT d1 FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL
   WHERE d1 = timestamp without time zone '1997-01-02';
            d1            
--------------------------
 Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 1997
(1 row)

SELECT d1 FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL
   WHERE d1 != timestamp without time zone '1997-01-02';
             d1              
-----------------------------
 -infinity
 infinity
 Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:02 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.4 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.5 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.6 1997
 Thu Jan 02 03:04:05 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Tue Jun 10 17:32:01 1997
 Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001
 Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000
 Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000
 Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000
 Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000
 Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:00 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Tue Jun 10 18:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Tue Feb 11 17:32:01 1997
 Wed Feb 12 17:32:01 1997
 Thu Feb 13 17:32:01 1997
 Fri Feb 14 17:32:01 1997
 Sat Feb 15 17:32:01 1997
 Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997
 Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 BC
 Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 0097
 Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 0597
 Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1097
 Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 1697
 Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 1797
 Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1897
 Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997
 Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 2097
 Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996
 Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996
 Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996
 Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996
 Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996
 Wed Jan 01 17:32:01 1997
 Fri Feb 28 17:32:01 1997
 Sat Mar 01 17:32:01 1997
 Tue Dec 30 17:32:01 1997
 Wed Dec 31 17:32:01 1997
 Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999
 Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000
 Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000
 Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001
(64 rows)

SELECT d1 FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL
   WHERE d1 <= timestamp without time zone '1997-01-02';
             d1              
-----------------------------
 -infinity
 Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970
 Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 1997
 Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 BC
 Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 0097
 Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 0597
 Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1097
 Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 1697
 Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 1797
 Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1897
 Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996
 Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996
 Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996
 Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996
 Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996
 Wed Jan 01 17:32:01 1997
(16 rows)

SELECT d1 FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL
   WHERE d1 >= timestamp without time zone '1997-01-02';
             d1             
----------------------------
 infinity
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:02 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.4 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.5 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.6 1997
 Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 1997
 Thu Jan 02 03:04:05 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Tue Jun 10 17:32:01 1997
 Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001
 Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000
 Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000
 Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000
 Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000
 Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:00 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Tue Jun 10 18:32:01 1997
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997
 Tue Feb 11 17:32:01 1997
 Wed Feb 12 17:32:01 1997
 Thu Feb 13 17:32:01 1997
 Fri Feb 14 17:32:01 1997
 Sat Feb 15 17:32:01 1997
 Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997
 Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997
 Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 2097
 Fri Feb 28 17:32:01 1997
 Sat Mar 01 17:32:01 1997
 Tue Dec 30 17:32:01 1997
 Wed Dec 31 17:32:01 1997
 Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999
 Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000
 Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000
 Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001
(50 rows)

SELECT d1 - timestamp without time zone '1997-01-02' AS diff
   FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL WHERE d1 BETWEEN '1902-01-01' AND '2038-01-01';
                  diff                  
----------------------------------------
 @ 9863 days ago
 @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 2 secs
 @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1.4 secs
 @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1.5 secs
 @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1.6 secs
 @ 0
 @ 3 hours 4 mins 5 secs
 @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 159 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 1724 days 18 hours 19 mins 20 secs
 @ 1168 days 8 hours 14 mins 1 sec
 @ 1168 days 13 hours 14 mins 2 secs
 @ 1168 days 12 hours 14 mins 3 secs
 @ 1168 days 3 hours 14 mins 4 secs
 @ 1168 days 2 hours 14 mins 5 secs
 @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins
 @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 159 days 18 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 40 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 41 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 42 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 43 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 44 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 45 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 45 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 308 days 6 hours 27 mins 59 secs ago
 @ 307 days 6 hours 27 mins 59 secs ago
 @ 306 days 6 hours 27 mins 59 secs ago
 @ 2 days 6 hours 27 mins 59 secs ago
 @ 1 day 6 hours 27 mins 59 secs ago
 @ 6 hours 27 mins 59 secs ago
 @ 57 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 58 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 362 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 363 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 1093 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 1094 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 1459 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 1460 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
(55 rows)

SELECT date_trunc( 'week', timestamp '2004-02-29 15:44:17.71393' ) AS week_trunc;
        week_trunc        
--------------------------
 Mon Feb 23 00:00:00 2004
(1 row)

-- verify date_bin behaves the same as date_trunc for relevant intervals
-- case 1: AD dates, origin < input
SELECT
  str,
  interval,
  date_trunc(str, ts) = date_bin(interval::interval, ts, timestamp '2001-01-01') AS equal
FROM (
  VALUES
  ('week', '7 d'),
  ('day', '1 d'),
  ('hour', '1 h'),
  ('minute', '1 m'),
  ('second', '1 s'),
  ('millisecond', '1 ms'),
  ('microsecond', '1 us')
) intervals (str, interval),
(VALUES (timestamp '2020-02-29 15:44:17.71393')) ts (ts);
     str     | interval | equal 
-------------+----------+-------
 week        | 7 d      | t
 day         | 1 d      | t
 hour        | 1 h      | t
 minute      | 1 m      | t
 second      | 1 s      | t
 millisecond | 1 ms     | t
 microsecond | 1 us     | t
(7 rows)

-- case 2: BC dates, origin < input
SELECT
  str,
  interval,
  date_trunc(str, ts) = date_bin(interval::interval, ts, timestamp '2000-01-01 BC') AS equal
FROM (
  VALUES
  ('week', '7 d'),
  ('day', '1 d'),
  ('hour', '1 h'),
  ('minute', '1 m'),
  ('second', '1 s'),
  ('millisecond', '1 ms'),
  ('microsecond', '1 us')
) intervals (str, interval),
(VALUES (timestamp '0055-6-10 15:44:17.71393 BC')) ts (ts);
     str     | interval | equal 
-------------+----------+-------
 week        | 7 d      | t
 day         | 1 d      | t
 hour        | 1 h      | t
 minute      | 1 m      | t
 second      | 1 s      | t
 millisecond | 1 ms     | t
 microsecond | 1 us     | t
(7 rows)

-- case 3: AD dates, origin > input
SELECT
  str,
  interval,
  date_trunc(str, ts) = date_bin(interval::interval, ts, timestamp '2020-03-02') AS equal
FROM (
  VALUES
  ('week', '7 d'),
  ('day', '1 d'),
  ('hour', '1 h'),
  ('minute', '1 m'),
  ('second', '1 s'),
  ('millisecond', '1 ms'),
  ('microsecond', '1 us')
) intervals (str, interval),
(VALUES (timestamp '2020-02-29 15:44:17.71393')) ts (ts);
     str     | interval | equal 
-------------+----------+-------
 week        | 7 d      | t
 day         | 1 d      | t
 hour        | 1 h      | t
 minute      | 1 m      | t
 second      | 1 s      | t
 millisecond | 1 ms     | t
 microsecond | 1 us     | t
(7 rows)

-- case 4: BC dates, origin > input
SELECT
  str,
  interval,
  date_trunc(str, ts) = date_bin(interval::interval, ts, timestamp '0055-06-17 BC') AS equal
FROM (
  VALUES
  ('week', '7 d'),
  ('day', '1 d'),
  ('hour', '1 h'),
  ('minute', '1 m'),
  ('second', '1 s'),
  ('millisecond', '1 ms'),
  ('microsecond', '1 us')
) intervals (str, interval),
(VALUES (timestamp '0055-6-10 15:44:17.71393 BC')) ts (ts);
     str     | interval | equal 
-------------+----------+-------
 week        | 7 d      | t
 day         | 1 d      | t
 hour        | 1 h      | t
 minute      | 1 m      | t
 second      | 1 s      | t
 millisecond | 1 ms     | t
 microsecond | 1 us     | t
(7 rows)

-- bin timestamps into arbitrary intervals
SELECT
  interval,
  ts,
  origin,
  date_bin(interval::interval, ts, origin)
FROM (
  VALUES
  ('15 days'),
  ('2 hours'),
  ('1 hour 30 minutes'),
  ('15 minutes'),
  ('10 seconds'),
  ('100 milliseconds'),
  ('250 microseconds')
) intervals (interval),
(VALUES (timestamp '2020-02-11 15:44:17.71393')) ts (ts),
(VALUES (timestamp '2001-01-01')) origin (origin);
     interval      |               ts               |          origin          |            date_bin            
-------------------+--------------------------------+--------------------------+--------------------------------
 15 days           | Tue Feb 11 15:44:17.71393 2020 | Mon Jan 01 00:00:00 2001 | Thu Feb 06 00:00:00 2020
 2 hours           | Tue Feb 11 15:44:17.71393 2020 | Mon Jan 01 00:00:00 2001 | Tue Feb 11 14:00:00 2020
 1 hour 30 minutes | Tue Feb 11 15:44:17.71393 2020 | Mon Jan 01 00:00:00 2001 | Tue Feb 11 15:00:00 2020
 15 minutes        | Tue Feb 11 15:44:17.71393 2020 | Mon Jan 01 00:00:00 2001 | Tue Feb 11 15:30:00 2020
 10 seconds        | Tue Feb 11 15:44:17.71393 2020 | Mon Jan 01 00:00:00 2001 | Tue Feb 11 15:44:10 2020
 100 milliseconds  | Tue Feb 11 15:44:17.71393 2020 | Mon Jan 01 00:00:00 2001 | Tue Feb 11 15:44:17.7 2020
 250 microseconds  | Tue Feb 11 15:44:17.71393 2020 | Mon Jan 01 00:00:00 2001 | Tue Feb 11 15:44:17.71375 2020
(7 rows)

-- shift bins using the origin parameter:
SELECT date_bin('5 min'::interval, timestamp '2020-02-01 01:01:01', timestamp '2020-02-01 00:02:30');
         date_bin         
--------------------------
 Sat Feb 01 00:57:30 2020
(1 row)

-- disallow intervals with months or years
SELECT date_bin('5 months'::interval, timestamp '2020-02-01 01:01:01', timestamp '2001-01-01');
ERROR:  timestamps cannot be binned into intervals containing months or years
SELECT date_bin('5 years'::interval,  timestamp '2020-02-01 01:01:01', timestamp '2001-01-01');
ERROR:  timestamps cannot be binned into intervals containing months or years
-- disallow zero intervals
SELECT date_bin('0 days'::interval, timestamp '1970-01-01 01:00:00' , timestamp '1970-01-01 00:00:00');
ERROR:  stride must be greater than zero
-- disallow negative intervals
SELECT date_bin('-2 days'::interval, timestamp '1970-01-01 01:00:00' , timestamp '1970-01-01 00:00:00');
ERROR:  stride must be greater than zero
-- Test casting within a BETWEEN qualifier
SELECT d1 - timestamp without time zone '1997-01-02' AS diff
  FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL
  WHERE d1 BETWEEN timestamp without time zone '1902-01-01'
   AND timestamp without time zone '2038-01-01';
                  diff                  
----------------------------------------
 @ 9863 days ago
 @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 2 secs
 @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1.4 secs
 @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1.5 secs
 @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1.6 secs
 @ 0
 @ 3 hours 4 mins 5 secs
 @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 159 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 1724 days 18 hours 19 mins 20 secs
 @ 1168 days 8 hours 14 mins 1 sec
 @ 1168 days 13 hours 14 mins 2 secs
 @ 1168 days 12 hours 14 mins 3 secs
 @ 1168 days 3 hours 14 mins 4 secs
 @ 1168 days 2 hours 14 mins 5 secs
 @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins
 @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 159 days 18 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 39 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 40 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 41 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 42 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 43 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 44 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 45 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 45 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 308 days 6 hours 27 mins 59 secs ago
 @ 307 days 6 hours 27 mins 59 secs ago
 @ 306 days 6 hours 27 mins 59 secs ago
 @ 2 days 6 hours 27 mins 59 secs ago
 @ 1 day 6 hours 27 mins 59 secs ago
 @ 6 hours 27 mins 59 secs ago
 @ 57 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 58 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 362 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 363 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 1093 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 1094 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 1459 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
 @ 1460 days 17 hours 32 mins 1 sec
(55 rows)

-- DATE_PART (timestamp_part)
SELECT d1 as "timestamp",
   date_part( 'year', d1) AS year, date_part( 'month', d1) AS month,
   date_part( 'day', d1) AS day, date_part( 'hour', d1) AS hour,
   date_part( 'minute', d1) AS minute, date_part( 'second', d1) AS second
   FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
          timestamp          |   year    | month | day | hour | minute | second 
-----------------------------+-----------+-------+-----+------+--------+--------
 -infinity                   | -Infinity |       |     |      |        |       
 infinity                    |  Infinity |       |     |      |        |       
 Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970    |      1970 |     1 |   1 |    0 |      0 |      0
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |      1
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |      1
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:02 1997    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |      2
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.4 1997  |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |    1.4
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.5 1997  |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |    1.5
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.6 1997  |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |    1.6
 Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 1997    |      1997 |     1 |   2 |    0 |      0 |      0
 Thu Jan 02 03:04:05 1997    |      1997 |     1 |   2 |    3 |      4 |      5
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |      1
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |      1
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |      1
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |      1
 Tue Jun 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     6 |  10 |   17 |     32 |      1
 Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001    |      2001 |     9 |  22 |   18 |     19 |     20
 Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000    |      2000 |     3 |  15 |    8 |     14 |      1
 Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000    |      2000 |     3 |  15 |   13 |     14 |      2
 Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000    |      2000 |     3 |  15 |   12 |     14 |      3
 Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000    |      2000 |     3 |  15 |    3 |     14 |      4
 Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000    |      2000 |     3 |  15 |    2 |     14 |      5
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |      1
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |      1
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:00 1997    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |      0
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |      1
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |      1
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |      1
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |      1
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |      1
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |      1
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |      1
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |      1
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |      1
 Tue Jun 10 18:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     6 |  10 |   18 |     32 |      1
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     2 |  10 |   17 |     32 |      1
 Tue Feb 11 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     2 |  11 |   17 |     32 |      1
 Wed Feb 12 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     2 |  12 |   17 |     32 |      1
 Thu Feb 13 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     2 |  13 |   17 |     32 |      1
 Fri Feb 14 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     2 |  14 |   17 |     32 |      1
 Sat Feb 15 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     2 |  15 |   17 |     32 |      1
 Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     2 |  16 |   17 |     32 |      1
 Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 BC |       -97 |     2 |  16 |   17 |     32 |      1
 Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 0097    |        97 |     2 |  16 |   17 |     32 |      1
 Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 0597    |       597 |     2 |  16 |   17 |     32 |      1
 Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1097    |      1097 |     2 |  16 |   17 |     32 |      1
 Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 1697    |      1697 |     2 |  16 |   17 |     32 |      1
 Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 1797    |      1797 |     2 |  16 |   17 |     32 |      1
 Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1897    |      1897 |     2 |  16 |   17 |     32 |      1
 Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     2 |  16 |   17 |     32 |      1
 Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 2097    |      2097 |     2 |  16 |   17 |     32 |      1
 Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996    |      1996 |     2 |  28 |   17 |     32 |      1
 Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996    |      1996 |     2 |  29 |   17 |     32 |      1
 Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996    |      1996 |     3 |   1 |   17 |     32 |      1
 Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996    |      1996 |    12 |  30 |   17 |     32 |      1
 Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996    |      1996 |    12 |  31 |   17 |     32 |      1
 Wed Jan 01 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     1 |   1 |   17 |     32 |      1
 Fri Feb 28 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     2 |  28 |   17 |     32 |      1
 Sat Mar 01 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |     3 |   1 |   17 |     32 |      1
 Tue Dec 30 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    12 |  30 |   17 |     32 |      1
 Wed Dec 31 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    12 |  31 |   17 |     32 |      1
 Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999    |      1999 |    12 |  31 |   17 |     32 |      1
 Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000    |      2000 |     1 |   1 |   17 |     32 |      1
 Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000    |      2000 |    12 |  31 |   17 |     32 |      1
 Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001    |      2001 |     1 |   1 |   17 |     32 |      1
(65 rows)

SELECT d1 as "timestamp",
   date_part( 'quarter', d1) AS quarter, date_part( 'msec', d1) AS msec,
   date_part( 'usec', d1) AS usec
   FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
          timestamp          | quarter | msec  |   usec   
-----------------------------+---------+-------+----------
 -infinity                   |         |       |         
 infinity                    |         |       |         
 Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970    |       1 |     0 |        0
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:02 1997    |       1 |  2000 |  2000000
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.4 1997  |       1 |  1400 |  1400000
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.5 1997  |       1 |  1500 |  1500000
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.6 1997  |       1 |  1600 |  1600000
 Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 1997    |       1 |     0 |        0
 Thu Jan 02 03:04:05 1997    |       1 |  5000 |  5000000
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
 Tue Jun 10 17:32:01 1997    |       2 |  1000 |  1000000
 Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001    |       3 | 20000 | 20000000
 Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
 Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000    |       1 |  2000 |  2000000
 Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000    |       1 |  3000 |  3000000
 Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000    |       1 |  4000 |  4000000
 Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000    |       1 |  5000 |  5000000
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:00 1997    |       1 |     0 |        0
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
 Tue Jun 10 18:32:01 1997    |       2 |  1000 |  1000000
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
 Tue Feb 11 17:32:01 1997    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
 Wed Feb 12 17:32:01 1997    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
 Thu Feb 13 17:32:01 1997    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
 Fri Feb 14 17:32:01 1997    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
 Sat Feb 15 17:32:01 1997    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
 Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
 Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 BC |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
 Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 0097    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
 Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 0597    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
 Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1097    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
 Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 1697    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
 Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 1797    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
 Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1897    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
 Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
 Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 2097    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
 Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
 Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
 Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
 Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996    |       4 |  1000 |  1000000
 Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996    |       4 |  1000 |  1000000
 Wed Jan 01 17:32:01 1997    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
 Fri Feb 28 17:32:01 1997    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
 Sat Mar 01 17:32:01 1997    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
 Tue Dec 30 17:32:01 1997    |       4 |  1000 |  1000000
 Wed Dec 31 17:32:01 1997    |       4 |  1000 |  1000000
 Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999    |       4 |  1000 |  1000000
 Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
 Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000    |       4 |  1000 |  1000000
 Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001    |       1 |  1000 |  1000000
(65 rows)

SELECT d1 as "timestamp",
   date_part( 'isoyear', d1) AS isoyear, date_part( 'week', d1) AS week,
   date_part( 'isodow', d1) AS isodow, date_part( 'dow', d1) AS dow,
   date_part( 'doy', d1) AS doy
   FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
          timestamp          |  isoyear  | week | isodow | dow | doy 
-----------------------------+-----------+------+--------+-----+-----
 -infinity                   | -Infinity |      |        |     |    
 infinity                    |  Infinity |      |        |     |    
 Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970    |      1970 |    1 |      4 |   4 |   1
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:02 1997    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.4 1997  |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.5 1997  |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.6 1997  |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
 Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 1997    |      1997 |    1 |      4 |   4 |   2
 Thu Jan 02 03:04:05 1997    |      1997 |    1 |      4 |   4 |   2
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
 Tue Jun 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |   24 |      2 |   2 | 161
 Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001    |      2001 |   38 |      6 |   6 | 265
 Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000    |      2000 |   11 |      3 |   3 |  75
 Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000    |      2000 |   11 |      3 |   3 |  75
 Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000    |      2000 |   11 |      3 |   3 |  75
 Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000    |      2000 |   11 |      3 |   3 |  75
 Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000    |      2000 |   11 |      3 |   3 |  75
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:00 1997    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
 Tue Jun 10 18:32:01 1997    |      1997 |   24 |      2 |   2 | 161
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    7 |      1 |   1 |  41
 Tue Feb 11 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    7 |      2 |   2 |  42
 Wed Feb 12 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    7 |      3 |   3 |  43
 Thu Feb 13 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    7 |      4 |   4 |  44
 Fri Feb 14 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    7 |      5 |   5 |  45
 Sat Feb 15 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    7 |      6 |   6 |  46
 Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    7 |      7 |   0 |  47
 Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 BC |       -97 |    7 |      2 |   2 |  47
 Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 0097    |        97 |    7 |      6 |   6 |  47
 Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 0597    |       597 |    7 |      4 |   4 |  47
 Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1097    |      1097 |    7 |      2 |   2 |  47
 Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 1697    |      1697 |    7 |      6 |   6 |  47
 Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 1797    |      1797 |    7 |      4 |   4 |  47
 Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1897    |      1897 |    7 |      2 |   2 |  47
 Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    7 |      7 |   0 |  47
 Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 2097    |      2097 |    7 |      6 |   6 |  47
 Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996    |      1996 |    9 |      3 |   3 |  59
 Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996    |      1996 |    9 |      4 |   4 |  60
 Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996    |      1996 |    9 |      5 |   5 |  61
 Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996    |      1997 |    1 |      1 |   1 | 365
 Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996    |      1997 |    1 |      2 |   2 | 366
 Wed Jan 01 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    1 |      3 |   3 |   1
 Fri Feb 28 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    9 |      5 |   5 |  59
 Sat Mar 01 17:32:01 1997    |      1997 |    9 |      6 |   6 |  60
 Tue Dec 30 17:32:01 1997    |      1998 |    1 |      2 |   2 | 364
 Wed Dec 31 17:32:01 1997    |      1998 |    1 |      3 |   3 | 365
 Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999    |      1999 |   52 |      5 |   5 | 365
 Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000    |      1999 |   52 |      6 |   6 |   1
 Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000    |      2000 |   52 |      7 |   0 | 366
 Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001    |      2001 |    1 |      1 |   1 |   1
(65 rows)

SELECT d1 as "timestamp",
   date_part( 'decade', d1) AS decade,
   date_part( 'century', d1) AS century,
   date_part( 'millennium', d1) AS millennium,
   round(date_part( 'julian', d1)) AS julian,
   date_part( 'epoch', d1) AS epoch
   FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
          timestamp          |  decade   |  century  | millennium |  julian   |    epoch     
-----------------------------+-----------+-----------+------------+-----------+--------------
 -infinity                   | -Infinity | -Infinity |  -Infinity | -Infinity |    -Infinity
 infinity                    |  Infinity |  Infinity |   Infinity |  Infinity |     Infinity
 Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970    |       197 |        20 |          2 |   2440588 |            0
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |    855595921
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |    855595921
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:02 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |    855595922
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.4 1997  |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |  855595921.4
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.5 1997  |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |  855595921.5
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.6 1997  |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |  855595921.6
 Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450451 |    852163200
 Thu Jan 02 03:04:05 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450451 |    852174245
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |    855595921
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |    855595921
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |    855595921
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |    855595921
 Tue Jun 10 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450611 |    865963921
 Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001    |       200 |        21 |          3 |   2452176 |   1001182760
 Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000    |       200 |        20 |          2 |   2451619 |    953108041
 Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000    |       200 |        20 |          2 |   2451620 |    953126042
 Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000    |       200 |        20 |          2 |   2451620 |    953122443
 Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000    |       200 |        20 |          2 |   2451619 |    953090044
 Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000    |       200 |        20 |          2 |   2451619 |    953086445
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |    855595921
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |    855595921
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:00 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |    855595920
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |    855595921
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |    855595921
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |    855595921
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |    855595921
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |    855595921
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |    855595921
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |    855595921
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |    855595921
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |    855595921
 Tue Jun 10 18:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450611 |    865967521
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450491 |    855595921
 Tue Feb 11 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450492 |    855682321
 Wed Feb 12 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450493 |    855768721
 Thu Feb 13 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450494 |    855855121
 Fri Feb 14 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450495 |    855941521
 Sat Feb 15 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450496 |    856027921
 Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450497 |    856114321
 Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 BC |       -10 |        -1 |         -1 |   1686043 | -65192711279
 Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 0097    |         9 |         1 |          1 |   1756537 | -59102029679
 Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 0597    |        59 |         6 |          1 |   1939158 | -43323575279
 Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1097    |       109 |        11 |          2 |   2121779 | -27545120879
 Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 1697    |       169 |        17 |          2 |   2340925 |  -8610906479
 Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 1797    |       179 |        18 |          2 |   2377449 |  -5455232879
 Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1897    |       189 |        19 |          2 |   2413973 |  -2299559279
 Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450497 |    856114321
 Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 2097    |       209 |        21 |          3 |   2487022 |   4011874321
 Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450143 |    825528721
 Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450144 |    825615121
 Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450145 |    825701521
 Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450449 |    851967121
 Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450450 |    852053521
 Wed Jan 01 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450451 |    852139921
 Fri Feb 28 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450509 |    857151121
 Sat Mar 01 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450510 |    857237521
 Tue Dec 30 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450814 |    883503121
 Wed Dec 31 17:32:01 1997    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2450815 |    883589521
 Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999    |       199 |        20 |          2 |   2451545 |    946661521
 Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000    |       200 |        20 |          2 |   2451546 |    946747921
 Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000    |       200 |        20 |          2 |   2451911 |    978283921
 Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001    |       200 |        21 |          3 |   2451912 |    978370321
(65 rows)

-- extract implementation is mostly the same as date_part, so only
-- test a few cases for additional coverage.
SELECT d1 as "timestamp",
   extract(microseconds from d1) AS microseconds,
   extract(milliseconds from d1) AS milliseconds,
   extract(seconds from d1) AS seconds,
   round(extract(julian from d1)) AS julian,
   extract(epoch from d1) AS epoch
   FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
          timestamp          | microseconds | milliseconds |  seconds  |  julian   |        epoch        
-----------------------------+--------------+--------------+-----------+-----------+---------------------
 -infinity                   |              |              |           | -Infinity |           -Infinity
 infinity                    |              |              |           |  Infinity |            Infinity
 Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970    |            0 |        0.000 |  0.000000 |   2440588 |            0.000000
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450491 |    855595921.000000
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450491 |    855595921.000000
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:02 1997    |      2000000 |     2000.000 |  2.000000 |   2450491 |    855595922.000000
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.4 1997  |      1400000 |     1400.000 |  1.400000 |   2450491 |    855595921.400000
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.5 1997  |      1500000 |     1500.000 |  1.500000 |   2450491 |    855595921.500000
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01.6 1997  |      1600000 |     1600.000 |  1.600000 |   2450491 |    855595921.600000
 Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 1997    |            0 |        0.000 |  0.000000 |   2450451 |    852163200.000000
 Thu Jan 02 03:04:05 1997    |      5000000 |     5000.000 |  5.000000 |   2450451 |    852174245.000000
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450491 |    855595921.000000
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450491 |    855595921.000000
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450491 |    855595921.000000
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450491 |    855595921.000000
 Tue Jun 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450611 |    865963921.000000
 Sat Sep 22 18:19:20 2001    |     20000000 |    20000.000 | 20.000000 |   2452176 |   1001182760.000000
 Wed Mar 15 08:14:01 2000    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2451619 |    953108041.000000
 Wed Mar 15 13:14:02 2000    |      2000000 |     2000.000 |  2.000000 |   2451620 |    953126042.000000
 Wed Mar 15 12:14:03 2000    |      3000000 |     3000.000 |  3.000000 |   2451620 |    953122443.000000
 Wed Mar 15 03:14:04 2000    |      4000000 |     4000.000 |  4.000000 |   2451619 |    953090044.000000
 Wed Mar 15 02:14:05 2000    |      5000000 |     5000.000 |  5.000000 |   2451619 |    953086445.000000
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450491 |    855595921.000000
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450491 |    855595921.000000
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:00 1997    |            0 |        0.000 |  0.000000 |   2450491 |    855595920.000000
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450491 |    855595921.000000
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450491 |    855595921.000000
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450491 |    855595921.000000
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450491 |    855595921.000000
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450491 |    855595921.000000
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450491 |    855595921.000000
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450491 |    855595921.000000
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450491 |    855595921.000000
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450491 |    855595921.000000
 Tue Jun 10 18:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450611 |    865967521.000000
 Mon Feb 10 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450491 |    855595921.000000
 Tue Feb 11 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450492 |    855682321.000000
 Wed Feb 12 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450493 |    855768721.000000
 Thu Feb 13 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450494 |    855855121.000000
 Fri Feb 14 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450495 |    855941521.000000
 Sat Feb 15 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450496 |    856027921.000000
 Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450497 |    856114321.000000
 Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 0097 BC |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   1686043 | -65192711279.000000
 Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 0097    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   1756537 | -59102029679.000000
 Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 0597    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   1939158 | -43323575279.000000
 Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1097    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2121779 | -27545120879.000000
 Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 1697    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2340925 |  -8610906479.000000
 Thu Feb 16 17:32:01 1797    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2377449 |  -5455232879.000000
 Tue Feb 16 17:32:01 1897    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2413973 |  -2299559279.000000
 Sun Feb 16 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450497 |    856114321.000000
 Sat Feb 16 17:32:01 2097    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2487022 |   4011874321.000000
 Wed Feb 28 17:32:01 1996    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450143 |    825528721.000000
 Thu Feb 29 17:32:01 1996    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450144 |    825615121.000000
 Fri Mar 01 17:32:01 1996    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450145 |    825701521.000000
 Mon Dec 30 17:32:01 1996    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450449 |    851967121.000000
 Tue Dec 31 17:32:01 1996    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450450 |    852053521.000000
 Wed Jan 01 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450451 |    852139921.000000
 Fri Feb 28 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450509 |    857151121.000000
 Sat Mar 01 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450510 |    857237521.000000
 Tue Dec 30 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450814 |    883503121.000000
 Wed Dec 31 17:32:01 1997    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2450815 |    883589521.000000
 Fri Dec 31 17:32:01 1999    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2451545 |    946661521.000000
 Sat Jan 01 17:32:01 2000    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2451546 |    946747921.000000
 Sun Dec 31 17:32:01 2000    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2451911 |    978283921.000000
 Mon Jan 01 17:32:01 2001    |      1000000 |     1000.000 |  1.000000 |   2451912 |    978370321.000000
(65 rows)

-- value near upper bound uses special case in code
SELECT date_part('epoch', '294270-01-01 00:00:00'::timestamp);
   date_part   
---------------
 9224097091200
(1 row)

SELECT extract(epoch from '294270-01-01 00:00:00'::timestamp);
       extract        
----------------------
 9224097091200.000000
(1 row)

-- another internal overflow test case
SELECT extract(epoch from '5000-01-01 00:00:00'::timestamp);
      extract       
--------------------
 95617584000.000000
(1 row)

-- test edge-case overflow in timestamp subtraction
SELECT timestamp '294276-12-31 23:59:59' - timestamp '1999-12-23 19:59:04.224193' AS ok;
                   ok                    
-----------------------------------------
 @ 106751991 days 4 hours 54.775807 secs
(1 row)

SELECT timestamp '294276-12-31 23:59:59' - timestamp '1999-12-23 19:59:04.224192' AS overflows;
ERROR:  interval out of range
-- TO_CHAR()
SELECT to_char(d1, 'DAY Day day DY Dy dy MONTH Month month RM MON Mon mon')
   FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
                                         to_char                                          
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 THURSDAY  Thursday  thursday  THU Thu thu JANUARY   January   january   I    JAN Jan jan
 MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
 MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
 MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
 MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
 MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
 MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
 THURSDAY  Thursday  thursday  THU Thu thu JANUARY   January   january   I    JAN Jan jan
 THURSDAY  Thursday  thursday  THU Thu thu JANUARY   January   january   I    JAN Jan jan
 MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
 MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
 MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
 MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
 TUESDAY   Tuesday   tuesday   TUE Tue tue JUNE      June      june      VI   JUN Jun jun
 SATURDAY  Saturday  saturday  SAT Sat sat SEPTEMBER September september IX   SEP Sep sep
 WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday WED Wed wed MARCH     March     march     III  MAR Mar mar
 WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday WED Wed wed MARCH     March     march     III  MAR Mar mar
 WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday WED Wed wed MARCH     March     march     III  MAR Mar mar
 WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday WED Wed wed MARCH     March     march     III  MAR Mar mar
 WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday WED Wed wed MARCH     March     march     III  MAR Mar mar
 MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
 MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
 MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
 MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
 MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
 MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
 MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
 MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
 MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
 MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
 MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
 MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
 TUESDAY   Tuesday   tuesday   TUE Tue tue JUNE      June      june      VI   JUN Jun jun
 MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
 TUESDAY   Tuesday   tuesday   TUE Tue tue FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
 WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday WED Wed wed FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
 THURSDAY  Thursday  thursday  THU Thu thu FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
 FRIDAY    Friday    friday    FRI Fri fri FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
 SATURDAY  Saturday  saturday  SAT Sat sat FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
 SUNDAY    Sunday    sunday    SUN Sun sun FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
 TUESDAY   Tuesday   tuesday   TUE Tue tue FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
 SATURDAY  Saturday  saturday  SAT Sat sat FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
 THURSDAY  Thursday  thursday  THU Thu thu FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
 TUESDAY   Tuesday   tuesday   TUE Tue tue FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
 SATURDAY  Saturday  saturday  SAT Sat sat FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
 THURSDAY  Thursday  thursday  THU Thu thu FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
 TUESDAY   Tuesday   tuesday   TUE Tue tue FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
 SUNDAY    Sunday    sunday    SUN Sun sun FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
 SATURDAY  Saturday  saturday  SAT Sat sat FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
 WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday WED Wed wed FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
 THURSDAY  Thursday  thursday  THU Thu thu FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
 FRIDAY    Friday    friday    FRI Fri fri MARCH     March     march     III  MAR Mar mar
 MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon DECEMBER  December  december  XII  DEC Dec dec
 TUESDAY   Tuesday   tuesday   TUE Tue tue DECEMBER  December  december  XII  DEC Dec dec
 WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday WED Wed wed JANUARY   January   january   I    JAN Jan jan
 FRIDAY    Friday    friday    FRI Fri fri FEBRUARY  February  february  II   FEB Feb feb
 SATURDAY  Saturday  saturday  SAT Sat sat MARCH     March     march     III  MAR Mar mar
 TUESDAY   Tuesday   tuesday   TUE Tue tue DECEMBER  December  december  XII  DEC Dec dec
 WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday WED Wed wed DECEMBER  December  december  XII  DEC Dec dec
 FRIDAY    Friday    friday    FRI Fri fri DECEMBER  December  december  XII  DEC Dec dec
 SATURDAY  Saturday  saturday  SAT Sat sat JANUARY   January   january   I    JAN Jan jan
 SUNDAY    Sunday    sunday    SUN Sun sun DECEMBER  December  december  XII  DEC Dec dec
 MONDAY    Monday    monday    MON Mon mon JANUARY   January   january   I    JAN Jan jan
(65 rows)

SELECT to_char(d1, 'FMDAY FMDay FMday FMMONTH FMMonth FMmonth FMRM')
   FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
                           to_char                            
--------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 THURSDAY Thursday thursday JANUARY January january I
 MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
 MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
 MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
 MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
 MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
 MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
 THURSDAY Thursday thursday JANUARY January january I
 THURSDAY Thursday thursday JANUARY January january I
 MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
 MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
 MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
 MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
 TUESDAY Tuesday tuesday JUNE June june VI
 SATURDAY Saturday saturday SEPTEMBER September september IX
 WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday MARCH March march III
 WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday MARCH March march III
 WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday MARCH March march III
 WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday MARCH March march III
 WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday MARCH March march III
 MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
 MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
 MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
 MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
 MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
 MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
 MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
 MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
 MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
 MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
 MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
 MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
 TUESDAY Tuesday tuesday JUNE June june VI
 MONDAY Monday monday FEBRUARY February february II
 TUESDAY Tuesday tuesday FEBRUARY February february II
 WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday FEBRUARY February february II
 THURSDAY Thursday thursday FEBRUARY February february II
 FRIDAY Friday friday FEBRUARY February february II
 SATURDAY Saturday saturday FEBRUARY February february II
 SUNDAY Sunday sunday FEBRUARY February february II
 TUESDAY Tuesday tuesday FEBRUARY February february II
 SATURDAY Saturday saturday FEBRUARY February february II
 THURSDAY Thursday thursday FEBRUARY February february II
 TUESDAY Tuesday tuesday FEBRUARY February february II
 SATURDAY Saturday saturday FEBRUARY February february II
 THURSDAY Thursday thursday FEBRUARY February february II
 TUESDAY Tuesday tuesday FEBRUARY February february II
 SUNDAY Sunday sunday FEBRUARY February february II
 SATURDAY Saturday saturday FEBRUARY February february II
 WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday FEBRUARY February february II
 THURSDAY Thursday thursday FEBRUARY February february II
 FRIDAY Friday friday MARCH March march III
 MONDAY Monday monday DECEMBER December december XII
 TUESDAY Tuesday tuesday DECEMBER December december XII
 WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday JANUARY January january I
 FRIDAY Friday friday FEBRUARY February february II
 SATURDAY Saturday saturday MARCH March march III
 TUESDAY Tuesday tuesday DECEMBER December december XII
 WEDNESDAY Wednesday wednesday DECEMBER December december XII
 FRIDAY Friday friday DECEMBER December december XII
 SATURDAY Saturday saturday JANUARY January january I
 SUNDAY Sunday sunday DECEMBER December december XII
 MONDAY Monday monday JANUARY January january I
(65 rows)

SELECT to_char(d1, 'Y,YYY YYYY YYY YY Y CC Q MM WW DDD DD D J')
   FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
                     to_char                      
--------------------------------------------------
 
 
 1,970 1970 970 70 0 20 1 01 01 001 01 5 2440588
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 01 01 002 02 5 2450451
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 01 01 002 02 5 2450451
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 2 06 23 161 10 3 2450610
 2,001 2001 001 01 1 21 3 09 38 265 22 7 2452175
 2,000 2000 000 00 0 20 1 03 11 075 15 4 2451619
 2,000 2000 000 00 0 20 1 03 11 075 15 4 2451619
 2,000 2000 000 00 0 20 1 03 11 075 15 4 2451619
 2,000 2000 000 00 0 20 1 03 11 075 15 4 2451619
 2,000 2000 000 00 0 20 1 03 11 075 15 4 2451619
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 2 06 23 161 10 3 2450610
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 041 10 2 2450490
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 06 042 11 3 2450491
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 07 043 12 4 2450492
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 07 044 13 5 2450493
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 07 045 14 6 2450494
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 07 046 15 7 2450495
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 07 047 16 1 2450496
 0,097 0097 097 97 7 -01 1 02 07 047 16 3 1686042
 0,097 0097 097 97 7 01 1 02 07 047 16 7 1756536
 0,597 0597 597 97 7 06 1 02 07 047 16 5 1939157
 1,097 1097 097 97 7 11 1 02 07 047 16 3 2121778
 1,697 1697 697 97 7 17 1 02 07 047 16 7 2340924
 1,797 1797 797 97 7 18 1 02 07 047 16 5 2377448
 1,897 1897 897 97 7 19 1 02 07 047 16 3 2413972
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 07 047 16 1 2450496
 2,097 2097 097 97 7 21 1 02 07 047 16 7 2487021
 1,996 1996 996 96 6 20 1 02 09 059 28 4 2450142
 1,996 1996 996 96 6 20 1 02 09 060 29 5 2450143
 1,996 1996 996 96 6 20 1 03 09 061 01 6 2450144
 1,996 1996 996 96 6 20 4 12 53 365 30 2 2450448
 1,996 1996 996 96 6 20 4 12 53 366 31 3 2450449
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 01 01 001 01 4 2450450
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 02 09 059 28 6 2450508
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 03 09 060 01 7 2450509
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 4 12 52 364 30 3 2450813
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 4 12 53 365 31 4 2450814
 1,999 1999 999 99 9 20 4 12 53 365 31 6 2451544
 2,000 2000 000 00 0 20 1 01 01 001 01 7 2451545
 2,000 2000 000 00 0 20 4 12 53 366 31 1 2451910
 2,001 2001 001 01 1 21 1 01 01 001 01 2 2451911
(65 rows)

SELECT to_char(d1, 'FMY,YYY FMYYYY FMYYY FMYY FMY FMCC FMQ FMMM FMWW FMDDD FMDD FMD FMJ')
   FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
                     to_char                     
-------------------------------------------------
 
 
 1,970 1970 970 70 0 20 1 1 1 1 1 5 2440588
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 1 1 2 2 5 2450451
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 1 1 2 2 5 2450451
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 2 6 23 161 10 3 2450610
 2,001 2001 1 1 1 21 3 9 38 265 22 7 2452175
 2,000 2000 0 0 0 20 1 3 11 75 15 4 2451619
 2,000 2000 0 0 0 20 1 3 11 75 15 4 2451619
 2,000 2000 0 0 0 20 1 3 11 75 15 4 2451619
 2,000 2000 0 0 0 20 1 3 11 75 15 4 2451619
 2,000 2000 0 0 0 20 1 3 11 75 15 4 2451619
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 2 6 23 161 10 3 2450610
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 41 10 2 2450490
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 6 42 11 3 2450491
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 7 43 12 4 2450492
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 7 44 13 5 2450493
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 7 45 14 6 2450494
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 7 46 15 7 2450495
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 7 47 16 1 2450496
 0,097 97 97 97 7 -1 1 2 7 47 16 3 1686042
 0,097 97 97 97 7 1 1 2 7 47 16 7 1756536
 0,597 597 597 97 7 6 1 2 7 47 16 5 1939157
 1,097 1097 97 97 7 11 1 2 7 47 16 3 2121778
 1,697 1697 697 97 7 17 1 2 7 47 16 7 2340924
 1,797 1797 797 97 7 18 1 2 7 47 16 5 2377448
 1,897 1897 897 97 7 19 1 2 7 47 16 3 2413972
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 7 47 16 1 2450496
 2,097 2097 97 97 7 21 1 2 7 47 16 7 2487021
 1,996 1996 996 96 6 20 1 2 9 59 28 4 2450142
 1,996 1996 996 96 6 20 1 2 9 60 29 5 2450143
 1,996 1996 996 96 6 20 1 3 9 61 1 6 2450144
 1,996 1996 996 96 6 20 4 12 53 365 30 2 2450448
 1,996 1996 996 96 6 20 4 12 53 366 31 3 2450449
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 1 1 1 1 4 2450450
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 2 9 59 28 6 2450508
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 1 3 9 60 1 7 2450509
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 4 12 52 364 30 3 2450813
 1,997 1997 997 97 7 20 4 12 53 365 31 4 2450814
 1,999 1999 999 99 9 20 4 12 53 365 31 6 2451544
 2,000 2000 0 0 0 20 1 1 1 1 1 7 2451545
 2,000 2000 0 0 0 20 4 12 53 366 31 1 2451910
 2,001 2001 1 1 1 21 1 1 1 1 1 2 2451911
(65 rows)

SELECT to_char(d1, 'HH HH12 HH24 MI SS SSSS')
   FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
       to_char        
----------------------
 
 
 12 12 00 00 00 0
 05 05 17 32 01 63121
 05 05 17 32 01 63121
 05 05 17 32 02 63122
 05 05 17 32 01 63121
 05 05 17 32 01 63121
 05 05 17 32 01 63121
 12 12 00 00 00 0
 03 03 03 04 05 11045
 05 05 17 32 01 63121
 05 05 17 32 01 63121
 05 05 17 32 01 63121
 05 05 17 32 01 63121
 05 05 17 32 01 63121
 06 06 18 19 20 65960
 08 08 08 14 01 29641
 01 01 13 14 02 47642
 12 12 12 14 03 44043
 03 03 03 14 04 11644
 02 02 02 14 05 8045
 05 05 17 32 01 63121
 05 05 17 32 01 63121
 05 05 17 32 00 63120
 05 05 17 32 01 63121
 05 05 17 32 01 63121
 05 05 17 32 01 63121
 05 05 17 32 01 63121
 05 05 17 32 01 63121
 05 05 17 32 01 63121
 05 05 17 32 01 63121
 05 05 17 32 01 63121
 05 05 17 32 01 63121
 06 06 18 32 01 66721
 05 05 17 32 01 63121
 05 05 17 32 01 63121
 05 05 17 32 01 63121
 05 05 17 32 01 63121
 05 05 17 32 01 63121
 05 05 17 32 01 63121
 05 05 17 32 01 63121
 05 05 17 32 01 63121
 05 05 17 32 01 63121
 05 05 17 32 01 63121
 05 05 17 32 01 63121
 05 05 17 32 01 63121
 05 05 17 32 01 63121
 05 05 17 32 01 63121
 05 05 17 32 01 63121
 05 05 17 32 01 63121
 05 05 17 32 01 63121
 05 05 17 32 01 63121
 05 05 17 32 01 63121
 05 05 17 32 01 63121
 05 05 17 32 01 63121
 05 05 17 32 01 63121
 05 05 17 32 01 63121
 05 05 17 32 01 63121
 05 05 17 32 01 63121
 05 05 17 32 01 63121
 05 05 17 32 01 63121
 05 05 17 32 01 63121
 05 05 17 32 01 63121
 05 05 17 32 01 63121
(65 rows)

SELECT to_char(d1, E'"HH:MI:SS is" HH:MI:SS "\\"text between quote marks\\""')
   FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
                     to_char                     
-------------------------------------------------
 
 
 HH:MI:SS is 12:00:00 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 05:32:02 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 12:00:00 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 03:04:05 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 06:19:20 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 08:14:01 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 01:14:02 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 12:14:03 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 03:14:04 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 02:14:05 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 05:32:00 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 06:32:01 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
 HH:MI:SS is 05:32:01 "text between quote marks"
(65 rows)

SELECT to_char(d1, 'HH24--text--MI--text--SS')
   FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
        to_char         
------------------------
 
 
 00--text--00--text--00
 17--text--32--text--01
 17--text--32--text--01
 17--text--32--text--02
 17--text--32--text--01
 17--text--32--text--01
 17--text--32--text--01
 00--text--00--text--00
 03--text--04--text--05
 17--text--32--text--01
 17--text--32--text--01
 17--text--32--text--01
 17--text--32--text--01
 17--text--32--text--01
 18--text--19--text--20
 08--text--14--text--01
 13--text--14--text--02
 12--text--14--text--03
 03--text--14--text--04
 02--text--14--text--05
 17--text--32--text--01
 17--text--32--text--01
 17--text--32--text--00
 17--text--32--text--01
 17--text--32--text--01
 17--text--32--text--01
 17--text--32--text--01
 17--text--32--text--01
 17--text--32--text--01
 17--text--32--text--01
 17--text--32--text--01
 17--text--32--text--01
 18--text--32--text--01
 17--text--32--text--01
 17--text--32--text--01
 17--text--32--text--01
 17--text--32--text--01
 17--text--32--text--01
 17--text--32--text--01
 17--text--32--text--01
 17--text--32--text--01
 17--text--32--text--01
 17--text--32--text--01
 17--text--32--text--01
 17--text--32--text--01
 17--text--32--text--01
 17--text--32--text--01
 17--text--32--text--01
 17--text--32--text--01
 17--text--32--text--01
 17--text--32--text--01
 17--text--32--text--01
 17--text--32--text--01
 17--text--32--text--01
 17--text--32--text--01
 17--text--32--text--01
 17--text--32--text--01
 17--text--32--text--01
 17--text--32--text--01
 17--text--32--text--01
 17--text--32--text--01
 17--text--32--text--01
 17--text--32--text--01
(65 rows)

SELECT to_char(d1, 'YYYYTH YYYYth Jth')
   FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
         to_char         
-------------------------
 
 
 1970TH 1970th 2440588th
 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
 1997TH 1997th 2450451st
 1997TH 1997th 2450451st
 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
 1997TH 1997th 2450610th
 2001ST 2001st 2452175th
 2000TH 2000th 2451619th
 2000TH 2000th 2451619th
 2000TH 2000th 2451619th
 2000TH 2000th 2451619th
 2000TH 2000th 2451619th
 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
 1997TH 1997th 2450610th
 1997TH 1997th 2450490th
 1997TH 1997th 2450491st
 1997TH 1997th 2450492nd
 1997TH 1997th 2450493rd
 1997TH 1997th 2450494th
 1997TH 1997th 2450495th
 1997TH 1997th 2450496th
 0097TH 0097th 1686042nd
 0097TH 0097th 1756536th
 0597TH 0597th 1939157th
 1097TH 1097th 2121778th
 1697TH 1697th 2340924th
 1797TH 1797th 2377448th
 1897TH 1897th 2413972nd
 1997TH 1997th 2450496th
 2097TH 2097th 2487021st
 1996TH 1996th 2450142nd
 1996TH 1996th 2450143rd
 1996TH 1996th 2450144th
 1996TH 1996th 2450448th
 1996TH 1996th 2450449th
 1997TH 1997th 2450450th
 1997TH 1997th 2450508th
 1997TH 1997th 2450509th
 1997TH 1997th 2450813th
 1997TH 1997th 2450814th
 1999TH 1999th 2451544th
 2000TH 2000th 2451545th
 2000TH 2000th 2451910th
 2001ST 2001st 2451911th
(65 rows)

SELECT to_char(d1, 'YYYY A.D. YYYY a.d. YYYY bc HH:MI:SS P.M. HH:MI:SS p.m. HH:MI:SS pm')
   FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
                               to_char                               
---------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 1970 A.D. 1970 a.d. 1970 ad 12:00:00 A.M. 12:00:00 a.m. 12:00:00 am
 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:02 P.M. 05:32:02 p.m. 05:32:02 pm
 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 12:00:00 A.M. 12:00:00 a.m. 12:00:00 am
 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 03:04:05 A.M. 03:04:05 a.m. 03:04:05 am
 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
 2001 A.D. 2001 a.d. 2001 ad 06:19:20 P.M. 06:19:20 p.m. 06:19:20 pm
 2000 A.D. 2000 a.d. 2000 ad 08:14:01 A.M. 08:14:01 a.m. 08:14:01 am
 2000 A.D. 2000 a.d. 2000 ad 01:14:02 P.M. 01:14:02 p.m. 01:14:02 pm
 2000 A.D. 2000 a.d. 2000 ad 12:14:03 P.M. 12:14:03 p.m. 12:14:03 pm
 2000 A.D. 2000 a.d. 2000 ad 03:14:04 A.M. 03:14:04 a.m. 03:14:04 am
 2000 A.D. 2000 a.d. 2000 ad 02:14:05 A.M. 02:14:05 a.m. 02:14:05 am
 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:00 P.M. 05:32:00 p.m. 05:32:00 pm
 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 06:32:01 P.M. 06:32:01 p.m. 06:32:01 pm
 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
 0097 B.C. 0097 b.c. 0097 bc 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
 0097 A.D. 0097 a.d. 0097 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
 0597 A.D. 0597 a.d. 0597 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
 1097 A.D. 1097 a.d. 1097 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
 1697 A.D. 1697 a.d. 1697 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
 1797 A.D. 1797 a.d. 1797 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
 1897 A.D. 1897 a.d. 1897 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
 2097 A.D. 2097 a.d. 2097 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
 1996 A.D. 1996 a.d. 1996 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
 1996 A.D. 1996 a.d. 1996 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
 1996 A.D. 1996 a.d. 1996 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
 1996 A.D. 1996 a.d. 1996 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
 1996 A.D. 1996 a.d. 1996 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
 1997 A.D. 1997 a.d. 1997 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
 1999 A.D. 1999 a.d. 1999 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
 2000 A.D. 2000 a.d. 2000 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
 2000 A.D. 2000 a.d. 2000 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
 2001 A.D. 2001 a.d. 2001 ad 05:32:01 P.M. 05:32:01 p.m. 05:32:01 pm
(65 rows)

SELECT to_char(d1, 'IYYY IYY IY I IW IDDD ID')
   FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
        to_char         
------------------------
 
 
 1970 970 70 0 01 004 4
 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
 1997 997 97 7 01 004 4
 1997 997 97 7 01 004 4
 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
 1997 997 97 7 24 163 2
 2001 001 01 1 38 265 6
 2000 000 00 0 11 073 3
 2000 000 00 0 11 073 3
 2000 000 00 0 11 073 3
 2000 000 00 0 11 073 3
 2000 000 00 0 11 073 3
 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
 1997 997 97 7 24 163 2
 1997 997 97 7 07 043 1
 1997 997 97 7 07 044 2
 1997 997 97 7 07 045 3
 1997 997 97 7 07 046 4
 1997 997 97 7 07 047 5
 1997 997 97 7 07 048 6
 1997 997 97 7 07 049 7
 0097 097 97 7 07 044 2
 0097 097 97 7 07 048 6
 0597 597 97 7 07 046 4
 1097 097 97 7 07 044 2
 1697 697 97 7 07 048 6
 1797 797 97 7 07 046 4
 1897 897 97 7 07 044 2
 1997 997 97 7 07 049 7
 2097 097 97 7 07 048 6
 1996 996 96 6 09 059 3
 1996 996 96 6 09 060 4
 1996 996 96 6 09 061 5
 1997 997 97 7 01 001 1
 1997 997 97 7 01 002 2
 1997 997 97 7 01 003 3
 1997 997 97 7 09 061 5
 1997 997 97 7 09 062 6
 1998 998 98 8 01 002 2
 1998 998 98 8 01 003 3
 1999 999 99 9 52 362 5
 1999 999 99 9 52 363 6
 2000 000 00 0 52 364 7
 2001 001 01 1 01 001 1
(65 rows)

SELECT to_char(d1, 'FMIYYY FMIYY FMIY FMI FMIW FMIDDD FMID')
   FROM TIMESTAMP_TBL;
        to_char         
------------------------
 
 
 1970 970 70 0 1 4 4
 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
 1997 997 97 7 1 4 4
 1997 997 97 7 1 4 4
 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
 1997 997 97 7 24 163 2
 2001 1 1 1 38 265 6
 2000 0 0 0 11 73 3
 2000 0 0 0 11 73 3
 2000 0 0 0 11 73 3
 2000 0 0 0 11 73 3
 2000 0 0 0 11 73 3
 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
 1997 997 97 7 24 163 2
 1997 997 97 7 7 43 1
 1997 997 97 7 7 44 2
 1997 997 97 7 7 45 3
 1997 997 97 7 7 46 4
 1997 997 97 7 7 47 5
 1997 997 97 7 7 48 6
 1997 997 97 7 7 49 7
 97 97 97 7 7 44 2
 97 97 97 7 7 48 6
 597 597 97 7 7 46 4
 1097 97 97 7 7 44 2
 1697 697 97 7 7 48 6
 1797 797 97 7 7 46 4
 1897 897 97 7 7 44 2
 1997 997 97 7 7 49 7
 2097 97 97 7 7 48 6
 1996 996 96 6 9 59 3
 1996 996 96 6 9 60 4
 1996 996 96 6 9 61 5
 1997 997 97 7 1 1 1
 1997 997 97 7 1 2 2
 1997 997 97 7 1 3 3
 1997 997 97 7 9 61 5
 1997 997 97 7 9 62 6
 1998 998 98 8 1 2 2
 1998 998 98 8 1 3 3
 1999 999 99 9 52 362 5
 1999 999 99 9 52 363 6
 2000 0 0 0 52 364 7
 2001 1 1 1 1 1 1
(65 rows)

SELECT to_char(d, 'FF1 FF2 FF3 FF4 FF5 FF6  ff1 ff2 ff3 ff4 ff5 ff6  MS US')
   FROM (VALUES
       ('2018-11-02 12:34:56'::timestamp),
       ('2018-11-02 12:34:56.78'),
       ('2018-11-02 12:34:56.78901'),
       ('2018-11-02 12:34:56.78901234')
   ) d(d);
                              to_char                               
--------------------------------------------------------------------
 0 00 000 0000 00000 000000  0 00 000 0000 00000 000000  000 000000
 7 78 780 7800 78000 780000  7 78 780 7800 78000 780000  780 780000
 7 78 789 7890 78901 789010  7 78 789 7890 78901 789010  789 789010
 7 78 789 7890 78901 789012  7 78 789 7890 78901 789012  789 789012
(4 rows)

-- Roman months, with upper and lower case.
SELECT i,
       to_char(i * interval '1mon', 'rm'),
       to_char(i * interval '1mon', 'RM')
    FROM generate_series(-13, 13) i;
  i  | to_char | to_char 
-----+---------+---------
 -13 | xii     | XII 
 -12 | i       | I   
 -11 | ii      | II  
 -10 | iii     | III 
  -9 | iv      | IV  
  -8 | v       | V   
  -7 | vi      | VI  
  -6 | vii     | VII 
  -5 | viii    | VIII
  -4 | ix      | IX  
  -3 | x       | X   
  -2 | xi      | XI  
  -1 | xii     | XII 
   0 |         | 
   1 | i       | I   
   2 | ii      | II  
   3 | iii     | III 
   4 | iv      | IV  
   5 | v       | V   
   6 | vi      | VI  
   7 | vii     | VII 
   8 | viii    | VIII
   9 | ix      | IX  
  10 | x       | X   
  11 | xi      | XI  
  12 | xii     | XII 
  13 | i       | I   
(27 rows)

-- timestamp numeric fields constructor
SELECT make_timestamp(2014, 12, 28, 6, 30, 45.887);
        make_timestamp        
------------------------------
 Sun Dec 28 06:30:45.887 2014
(1 row)

SELECT make_timestamp(-44, 3, 15, 12, 30, 15);
       make_timestamp        
-----------------------------
 Fri Mar 15 12:30:15 0044 BC
(1 row)

-- should fail
select make_timestamp(0, 7, 15, 12, 30, 15);
ERROR:  date field value out of range: 0-07-15
-- generate_series for timestamp
select * from generate_series('2020-01-01 00:00'::timestamp,
                              '2020-01-02 03:00'::timestamp,
                              '1 hour'::interval);
     generate_series      
--------------------------
 Wed Jan 01 00:00:00 2020
 Wed Jan 01 01:00:00 2020
 Wed Jan 01 02:00:00 2020
 Wed Jan 01 03:00:00 2020
 Wed Jan 01 04:00:00 2020
 Wed Jan 01 05:00:00 2020
 Wed Jan 01 06:00:00 2020
 Wed Jan 01 07:00:00 2020
 Wed Jan 01 08:00:00 2020
 Wed Jan 01 09:00:00 2020
 Wed Jan 01 10:00:00 2020
 Wed Jan 01 11:00:00 2020
 Wed Jan 01 12:00:00 2020
 Wed Jan 01 13:00:00 2020
 Wed Jan 01 14:00:00 2020
 Wed Jan 01 15:00:00 2020
 Wed Jan 01 16:00:00 2020
 Wed Jan 01 17:00:00 2020
 Wed Jan 01 18:00:00 2020
 Wed Jan 01 19:00:00 2020
 Wed Jan 01 20:00:00 2020
 Wed Jan 01 21:00:00 2020
 Wed Jan 01 22:00:00 2020
 Wed Jan 01 23:00:00 2020
 Thu Jan 02 00:00:00 2020
 Thu Jan 02 01:00:00 2020
 Thu Jan 02 02:00:00 2020
 Thu Jan 02 03:00:00 2020
(28 rows)

-- the LIMIT should allow this to terminate in a reasonable amount of time
-- (but that unfortunately doesn't work yet for SELECT * FROM ...)
select generate_series('2022-01-01 00:00'::timestamp,
                       'infinity'::timestamp,
                       '1 month'::interval) limit 10;
     generate_series      
--------------------------
 Sat Jan 01 00:00:00 2022
 Tue Feb 01 00:00:00 2022
 Tue Mar 01 00:00:00 2022
 Fri Apr 01 00:00:00 2022
 Sun May 01 00:00:00 2022
 Wed Jun 01 00:00:00 2022
 Fri Jul 01 00:00:00 2022
 Mon Aug 01 00:00:00 2022
 Thu Sep 01 00:00:00 2022
 Sat Oct 01 00:00:00 2022
(10 rows)

-- errors
select * from generate_series('2020-01-01 00:00'::timestamp,
                              '2020-01-02 03:00'::timestamp,
                              '0 hour'::interval);
ERROR:  step size cannot equal zero