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diff --git a/docs/manual.html b/docs/manual.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..af6a993 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/manual.html @@ -0,0 +1,1497 @@ +<html><head> +<title>reprepro manual</title> +<!-- some style elements stolen from or inspired by bugs.debian.org /--> +<style> +<!-- +html { color: #000; background: #fefefe; font-family: serif; margin: 1em; border: 0; padding: 0; line-height: 120%; } +body { margin: 0; border: 0; padding: 0; } +pre { text-align: left; border: #f0f0f0 1px solid; padding: 1px;} +pre.shell { text-align: left; border: none; border-left: #f0f0f0 1px solid; padding: 2px;} +h1, h2, h3 { text-align: left; font-family: sans-serif; background-color: #f0f0ff; color: #3c3c3c; border: #a7a7a7 1px solid; padding: 10px;} +h1 { font-size: 180%; line-height: 150%; } +h2 { font-size: 150% } +h3 { font-size: 100% } +ul.dir { list-style-type: disc; } +ul { list-style-type: square; } +dt.dir, dt.file, dt.symlink { font-weight:bold; font-family: sans-serif; } +/--> +</style> +</head> +<body> +<h1>reprepro manual</h1> +This manual documents reprepro, a tool to generate and administer +Debian package repositories. +<br> +Other useful resources: +<ul> +<li> the <a href="http://mirrorer.alioth.debian.org/">homepage</a> of reprepro.</li> +<li> <a href="file://localhost/usr/share/doc/reprepro/">local directory</a> with documentation and examples, if you have reprepro installed.</li> +<li> the <a href="http://git.debian.org/?p=mirrorer/reprepro.git;a=blob_plain;f=docs/FAQ;hb=HEAD">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li> +</ul> +<h2>Table of contents</h2> +Sections of this document: +<ul> +<li><a href="#introduction">Introduction</a></li> +<li><a href="#firststeps">First steps</a></li> +<li><a href="#dirbasics">Repository basics</a></li> +<li><a href="#config">Config files</a></li> +<li><a href="#export">Generation of index files</a> + <ul> + <li><a href="#compression">Compression and file names</a></li> + <li><a href="#signing">Signing</a></li> + <li><a href="#contents">Contents files</a></li> + <li><a href="#exporthook">Additional index files (like .diff)</a></li> + </ul></li> +<li><a href="#localpackages">Local packages</a> + <ul> + <li><a href="#include">Including via command line</a></li> + <li><a href="#incoming">Processing an incoming queue</a></li> + </ul></li> +<li><a href="#mirroring">Mirroring</a></li> +<li><a href="#propagation">Propagation of packages</a></li> +<li><a href="#snapshosts">Snapshots</a> (TODO)</li> +<li><a href="#tracking">Source package tracking</a> (TODO)</li> +<li><a href="#hooks">Extending reprepro / Hooks and more</a></li> +<li><a href="#maintenance">Maintenance</a></li> +<li><a href="#internals">Internals</a></li> +<li><a href="#recovery">Disaster recovery</a></li> +<li><a href="#paranoia">Paranoia</a></li> +<li><a href="#counterindications">What reprepro cannot do</a></li> +</ul> +<h2><a name="introduction">Introduction</a></h2> +<h3>What reprepro does</h3> +Reprepro is a tool to take care of a repository of Debian packages +(<tt>.dsc</tt>,<tt>.deb</tt> and <tt>.udeb</tt>). +It installs them to the proper places, generates indices of packages +(<tt>Packages</tt> and <tt>Sources</tt> and their compressed variants) +and of index files (<tt>Release</tt> and optionally <tt>Release.gpg</tt>), +so tools like <tt>apt</tt> know what is available and where to get it from. +It will keep track which file belongs to where and remove files no longer +needed (unless told to not do so). +It can also make (partial) partial mirrors of remote repositories, +including merging multiple sources and +automatically (if explicitly requested) removing packages no longer available +in the source. +And many other things (sometimes I fear it got a few features too much). +<h3>What reprepro needs</h3> +It needs some libraries (<tt>zlib</tt>, <tt>libgpgme</tt>, <tt>libdb</tt> (Version 3, 4.3 or 4.4)) and can be compiled with some more for additional features (<tt>libarchive</tt>, +<tt>libbz2</tt>). +Otherwise it only needs +<tt>apt</tt>'s methods (only when downloading stuff), +<tt>gpg</tt> (only when signing or checking signatures), +and if compiled without <tt>libarchive</tt> it needs <tt>tar</tt> and <tt>ar</tt> installed. +<br> +If you tell reprepro to call scripts for you, you will of course need the interpreters for these scripts: +The included example to generate pdiff files needs python. The example to extract +changelogs needs dpkg-source. +<h3>What this manual aims to do</h3> +This manual aims to give some overview over the most important features, +so people can use them and so that I do not implement something a second +time because I forgot support is already there. +For a full reference of all possible commands and config options take a +look at the man page, as this manual might miss some of the more obscure +options. +<h2><a name="firststeps">First steps</a></h2> +<h3>generate a repository with local packages</h3> +<ul> +<li>Choose a directory (or create it).</li> +<li>Create a subdirectory called <tt>conf</tt> in there.</li> +<li>In the <tt>conf/</tt> subdirectory create a file called <tt>distributions</tt>, +with content like: +<pre class="file"> +Codename: mystuff +Components: main bad +Architectures: sparc i386 source +</pre> +or with content like: +<pre class="file"> +Codename: andy +Suite: rusty +Components: main bad +Architectures: sparc i386 source +Origin: myorg +Version: 20.3 +Description: my first little repository +</pre> +(Multiple distributions are separated by empty lines, Origin, Version and Description +are just copied to the generated Release files, more things controlling reprepro can +appear which are described later). +</li> +<li>If your <tt>conf/distributions</tt> file contained a <tt>Suite:</tt> and you +are too lazy to generate the symbolic links yourself, call: +<pre class="shell"> +reprepro -b $YOURBASEDIR createsymlinks +</pre> +</li> +<li>Include some package, like: +<pre class="shell"> +reprepro -b $YOURBASEDIR include mystuff mypackage.changes +</pre> +or: +<pre class="shell"> +reprepro -b $YOURBASEDIR includedeb mystuff mypackage.deb +</pre> +</li> +<li>Take a look at the generated <tt>pool</tt> and <tt>dists</tt> +directories. They contain everything needed to apt-get from. +Tell apt to include it by adding the following to your <tt>sources.list</tt>: +<pre class="file"> +deb file:///$YOURBASEDIR mystuff main bad +</pre> +or make it available via http or ftp and do the same <tt>http://</tt> or <tt>ftp://</tt> source.</li> +</ul> +<h3>mirroring packages from other repositories</h3> +This example shows how to generate a mirror of a single architecture with +all packages of etch plus security updates: +<ul> +<li>Choose a directory (or create it).</li> +<li>Create a subdirectory called <tt>conf</tt> in there (if not already existent).</li> +<li>In the <tt>conf/</tt> subdirectory create a file called <tt>distributions</tt>, +with content like (or add to that file after an empty line): +<pre class="file"> +Origin: Debian +Label: Debian +Suite: stable +Version: 4.0 +Codename: etch +Architectures: i386 +Components: main +Description: Debian 4.0 etch + security updates +Update: - debian security +Log: logfile +</pre> +Actually only <tt>Codename</tt>, <tt>Components</tt>, <tt>Architecture</tt> and <tt>Update</tt> is needed, the rest is just information for clients. +The <tt>Update</tt> line tells to delete everything no longer available (<tt>-</tt>), +then add the <tt>debian</tt> and <tt>security</tt> rules, which still have to be defined: +</li> +<li>In the <tt>conf/</tt> subdirectory create a file called <tt>updates</tt>, +with content like (or add to that file after an empty line:): +or with content like: +<pre class="file"> +Name: security +Method: http://security.debian.org/debian-security +Fallback: ftp://klecker.debian.org/debian-security +Suite: */updates +VerifyRelease: A70DAF536070D3A1|B5D0C804ADB11277 +Architectures: i386 +Components: main +UDebComponents: + +Name: debian +Method: http://ftp2.de.debian.org/debian +Config: Acquire::Http::Proxy=http://proxy.myorg.de:8080 +VerifyRelease: A70DAF536070D3A1|B5D0C804ADB11277 +</pre> +(If there are no Architecture, Components or UDebComponents, it will try all the distribution to update has. Fallback means a URL to try when the first cannot offer some file (Has to be the same method)). +</li> +<li>Tell reprepro to update: +<pre class="shell"> +reprepro -b $YOURBASEDIR update etch +</pre> +</li> +<li>Take a look at the generated <tt>pool</tt> and <tt>dists</tt> +directories. They contain everything needed to apt-get from. +Tell apt to include it by adding the following to your <tt>sources.list</tt>: +<pre class="shell"> +deb file:///$YOURBASEDIR etch main +</pre> +or make it available via http or ftp.</li> +</ul> +<h2><a name="dirbasics">Repository basics</a></h2> +An <tt>apt-get</tt>able repository of Debian packages consists of two parts: +the index files describing what is available and where it is and the actual +Debian binary (<tt class="suffix">.deb</tt>), +installer binary (<tt class="suffix">.udeb</tt>), +and source (<tt class="suffix">.dsc</tt> together with +<tt class="suffix">.tar.gz</tt> or +<tt class="suffix">.orig.tar.gz</tt> and +<tt class="suffix">.diff.gz</tt>) packages. +<br> +While you do not know how these look like to use reprepro, it's always a good +idea to know what you are creating. +<h3>Index files</h3> +All index files are in subdirectories of a directory called +<tt class="dirname">dists</tt>. Apt is very decided what names those should +have, including the name of <tt class="dirname">dists</tt>. +Including all optional and extensional files, the hierarchy looks like this: + +<dl class="dir"> +<dt class="dir">dists</dt><dd> + <dl class="dir"> + <dt class="dir">CODENAME</dt><dd> +Each distribution has it's own subdirectory here, named by it's codename. + <dl class="dir"> + <dt class="file">Release</dt><dd> +This file describes what distribution this is and the checksums of +all index files included. + </dd> + <dt class="file">Release.gpg</dt><dd> +This is the optional detached gpg signature of the Release file. +Take a look at the <a name="#signing">section about signing</a> for how to +active this. + </dd> + <dt class="file">Contents-ARCHITECTURE.gz</dt><dd> +This optional file lists all files and which packages they belong to. +It's downloaded and used by tools like +<a href="http://packages.debian.org/apt-file">apt-file</a> +to allow users to determine which package to install to get a specific file. +<br> +To activate generating of these files by reprepro, you need a <a href="#contents">Contents</a> +header in your distribution declaration. + </dd> + <dt class="dir">COMPONENT1</dt><dd> +Each component has it's own subdirectory here. They can be named whatever users +can be bothered to write into their <tt class="filename">sources.list</tt>, but +things like <tt>main</tt>, <tt>non-free</tt> and <tt>contrib</tt> are common. +But funny names like <tt>bad</tt> or <tt>universe</tt> are just as possible. + <dl class="dir"> + <dt class="dir">source</dt><dd> +If this distribution supports sources, this directory lists which source +packages are available in this component. + <dl class="dir"> + <dt class="file">Release</dt><dd> +This file contains a copy of those information about the distribution +applicable to this directory. + </dd> + <dt class="file">Sources</dt> + <dt class="file">Sources.gz</dt> + <dt class="file">Sources.bz2</dt><dd> +These files contain the actual description of the source Packages. By default +only the <tt class="suffix">.gz</tt> file created, to create all three add the +following to the declarations of the distributions: +<pre class="config"> +DscIndices Sources Release . .gz .bz2 +</pre> +That header can also be used to name those files differently, but then apt +will no longer find them... + </dd> + <dt class="dir">Sources.diff</dt><dd> +This optional directory contains diffs, so that only parts of the index +file must be downloaded if it changed. While reprepro cannot generate these +so-called <tt>pdiff</tt>s itself, it ships both with a program called rredtool +and with an example python script to generate those. + </dd> + </dl> + </dd> + </dl> + <dl class="dir"> + <dt class="dir">binary-ARCHITECTURE</dt><dd> +Each architecture has its own directory in each component. + <dl class="dir"> + <dt class="file">Release</dt><dd> +This file contains a copy of those information about the distribution +applicable to this directory. + </dd> + <dt class="file">Packages</dt> + <dt class="file">Packages.gz</dt> + <dt class="file">Packages.bz2</dt><dd> +These files contain the actual description of the binary Packages. By default +only the uncompressed and <tt class="suffix">.gz</tt> files are created. +To create all three, add the following to the declarations of the distributions: +<pre class="config"> +DebIndices Packages Release . .gz .bz2 +</pre> +That header can also be used to name those files differently, but then apt +will no longer find them... + </dd> + <dt class="dir">Packages.diff</dt><dd> +This optional directory contains diffs, so that only parts of the index +file must be downloaded if it changed. While reprepro cannot generate these +so-called <tt>pdiff</tt>s itself, it ships both with a program called rredtool +and with an example python script to generate those. + </dd> + </dl> + </dd> + <dt class="dir">debian-installer</dt><dd> +This directory contains information about the <tt class="suffix">.udeb</tt> +modules for the <a href="http://www.debian.org/devel/debian-installer/">Debian-Installer</a>. +Those are actually just a very stripped down form of normal <tt class="suffix">.deb</tt> +packages and this the hierarchy looks very similar: + + <dl class="dir"> + <dt class="dir">binary-ARCHITECTURE</dt><dd> + <dl class="dir"> + <dt class="file">Packages</dt><dd></dd> + <dt class="file">Packages.gz</dt><dd></dd> + </dl> + </dd> + </dl> + </dd> + </dl> + </dd> + <dt class="dir">COMPONENT2</dt><dd> +There is one dir for every component. All look just the same. + </dd> + </dl> + </dd> + <dt class="symlink">SUITE -> CODENAME</dt><dd> +To allow accessing distribution by function instead of by name, there are often +symbolic links from suite to codenames. That way users can write +<pre class="config"> +deb http://some.domain.tld/debian SUITE COMPONENT1 COMPONENT2 +</pre> +instead of +<pre class="config"> +deb http://some.domain.tld/debian CODENAME COMPONENT1 COMPONENT2 +</pre> +in their <tt class="filename">/etc/apt/sources.list</tt> and totally get +surprised by getting something new after a release. + </dd> + </dl> +</dd></dl> +<h3>Package pool</h3> +While the index files have a required filename, the actual files +are given just as relative path to the base directory you specify +in your sources list. That means apt can get them no matter what +scheme is used to place them. The classical way Debian used till +woody was to just put them in subdirectories of the +<tt class="dir">binary-ARCHITECTURE</tt> directories, with the exception +of the architecture-independent packages, which were put into a +artificial <tt class="dir">binary-all</tt> directory. This was replaced +for the official repository with package pools, which reprepro also uses. +(Actually reprepro stores everything in pool a bit longer than the official +repositories, that's why it recalculates all filenames without exception). +<br> +In a package pool, all package files of all distributions in that repository +are stored in a common directory hierarchy starting with <tt class="dir">pool/</tt>, +only separated by the component they belong to and the source package name. +As everything this has disadvantages and advantages: +<ul><li>disadvantages + <ul><li>different files in different distributions must have different filenames + </li><li>it's impossible to determine which distribution a file belongs to by path and filename (think mirroring) + </li><li>packages can no longer be grouped together in common subdirectories by having similar functions + </li></ul> +</li><li>advantages + <ul><li>the extremely confusing situation of having differently build packages with the same version if different distributions gets impossible by design. + </li><li>the source (well, if it exists) is in the same directory as the binaries generated from it + </li><li>same files in different distributions need disk-space and bandwidth only once + </li><li>each package can be found only knowing component and sourcename + </li></ul> +</li></ul> +Now let's look at the actual structure of a pool (there is currently no difference +between the pool structure of official Debian repositories and those generated by +reprepro): + +<dl class="dir"> +<dt class="dir">pool</dt><dd> + The directory all this resides in is normally called <tt class="dir">pool</tt>. + That's nowhere hard coded in apt but that only looks at the relative + directory names in the index files. But there is also no reason to name + it differently. + <dl class="dir"> + <dt class="dir">COMPONENT1</dt><dd> +Each component has it's own subdirectory here. +They can be named whatever users +can be bothered to write into their <tt class="filename">sources.list</tt>, but +things like <tt>main</tt>, <tt>non-free</tt> and <tt>contrib</tt> are common. +But funny names like <tt>bad</tt> or <tt>universe</tt> are just as possible. + <dl class="dir"> + <dt class="dir">a</dt><dd> +As there are really many different source packages, +the directory would be too full when all put here. +So they are separated in different directories. +Source packages starting with <tt class="constant">lib</tt> are put into a +directory named after the first four letters of the source name. +Everything else is put in a directory having the first letter as name. + <dl class="dir"> + <dt class="dir">asource</dt><dd> +Then the source package name follows. +So this directory <tt class="dir">pool/COMPONENT1/a/asource/</tt> would contain +all files of different versions of the hypothetical package <tt class="constant">asource</tt>. + <dl class="dir"> + <dt class="dir">asource</dt><dd> + <dt class="file">a-source_version.dsc</dt> + <dt>a-source_version.tar.gz</dt><dd> +The actual source package consists of its description file (<tt class="suffix">.dsc</tt>) +and the files references by that. + </dd> + <dt class="file">binary_version_ARCH1deb</dt> + <dt class="file">binary_version_ARCH2.deb</dt> + <dt class="file">binary2_version_all.deb</dt><dd> + <dt class="file">di-module_version_ARCH1.udeb</dt><dd> +Binary packages are stored here to. +So to know where a binary package is stored you need to know what its source package +name is. + </dd> + </dl> + </dd> + </dl> + </dd> + <dt class="dir">liba</dt><dd> +As described before packages starting with <tt class="constant">lib</tt> are not stored +in <tt class="dir">l</tt> but get a bit more context. + </dd> + </dl> + </dd> + <dt class="dir">COMPONENT2</dt><dd> +There is one dir for every component. All look just the same. + </dd> + </dl> +</dd></dl> +As said before, you don't need to know this hierarchy in normal operation. +reprepro will put everything to where it belong, keep account what is there +and needed by what distribution or snapshot, and delete files no longer needed. +(Unless told otherwise or when you are using the low-level commands). +<h2><a name="config">Config files</a></h2> +Configuring a reprepro repository is done by writing some config files +into a directory. +This directory is currently the <tt class="dir">conf</tt> subdirectory of the +base directory of the repository, +unless you specify <tt class="option">--confdir</tt> or set the +environment variable <tt class="env">REPREPRO_CONFIG_DIR</tt>. + +<dl class="dir"> +<dt class="dir">options</dt><dd> +If this file exists, reprepro will consider each line an additional +command line option. +Arguments must be in the same line after an equal sign. + +Options specified on the command line take precedence. +</dd> +<dt class="dir">distributions</dt><dd> +This is the main configuration file and the only that is needed in all +cases. +It lists the distributions this repository contains and their properties. +<br> +See <a href="#firststeps">First steps</a> for a short example or the manpage +for a list of all possible fields. +</dd> +<dt class="dir">updates</dt><dd> +Rules about where to download packages from other repositories. +See the section <a href="#mirroring">Mirroring / Updating</a> +for more examples or the man page for a full reference. +</dd> +<dt class="dir">pulls</dt><dd> +Rules about how to move packages in bulk between distributions +where to download packages from other repositories. +See the section <a href="#propagation">Propagation of packages</a> +for an example or the man page for full reference. +</dd> +<dt class="dir">incoming</dt><dd> +Rules for incoming queues as processed by <tt class="command">processincoming</tt>. +See <a href="#processincoming-incoming-config">Processing an incoming queue</a> for more information. +</dd> +</dl> +<h2><a name="export">Generation of index files</a></h2> +<h3>Deciding when to generate</h3> +As reprepro stores all state in its database, +you can decide when you want them to be written to the <tt class="dir">dists/</tt> +directory. +You can always tell reprepro to generate those files with the <tt>export</tt> command: +<pre class="command"> +reprepro -b $YOURBASEDIR export $CODENAMES +</pre> +This can be especially useful, if you just edited <tt class="file">conf/distributions</tt> +and want to test what it generates. +<p> +While that command regenerates all files, in normal operation reprepro will only +regenerate files where something just changed or that are missing. +With <tt class="option">--export</tt> option you can control when this fill happen: +<dl><dt>never</dt><dd>Don't touch any index files. +This can be useful for doing multiple operations in a row and not wanting to regenerate +the indices all the time. +Note that unless you do an explicit export or change the same parts later without that +option, the generated index files may be permanently out of date. +</dd><dt>silent-never</dt><dd>Like never, but be more silent about it. +</dd><dt>changed</dt><dd>This is the default behaviour since 3.0.1. +Only export distributions where something changed +(and no error occurred that makes an inconsistent state likely). +And in those distributions only (re-)generate files which content should have been changed +by the current action or which are missing. +</dd><dt>lookedat</dt><dd>New name for <tt>normal</tt> since 3.0.1. +</dd><dt>normal</dt><dd>This was the default behaviour until 3.0.0 (changed in 3.0.1). +In this mode all distributions are processed that were looked at without error +(where error means only errors happening while the package was open so have a chance +to cause strange contents). +This ensures that even after a operation that had nothing to do the looked at +distribution has all the files exported needed to access it. (But still only files +missing or that content would change with this action are regenerated). +</dd><dt>force</dt><dd>Also try to write the current state if some error occurred. +In all other modes reprepro will not write the index files if there was a problem. +While this keeps the repository usable for users, it means that you will need an +explicit export to write possible other changes done before that in the same run. +(reprepro will tell you that at the end of the run with error, but you should not +miss it). +</dd></dl> +<h3>Distribution specific fields</h3> +There are a lot of <tt class="file">conf/distributions</tt> headers to control +what index files to generate for some distribution, how to name +them, how to postprocess them and so on. The most important are: +<h4>Fields for the Release files</h4> +The following headers are copied verbatim to the Release file, if they exist: +<tt class="header">Origin</tt>, +<tt class="header">Label</tt>, +<tt class="header">Codename</tt>, +<tt class="header">Suite</tt>, +<tt class="header">Architectures</tt> (excluding a possible value "<tt>source</tt>"), +<tt class="header">Components</tt>, +<tt class="header">Description</tt>, and +<tt class="header">NotAutomatic</tt>, +<tt class="header">ButAutomaticUpgrades</tt>. +<h4><a name="compression">Choosing compression and file names</a></h4> +Depending on the type of the index files, different files are generated. +No specifying anything is equivalent to: +<pre class="config"> + DscIndices Sources Release .gz + DebIndices Packages Release . .gz + UDebIndices Packages . .gz +</pre> +This means to generate <tt>Release</tt>, <tt>Sources.gz</tt> for sources, +<tt>Release</tt>, <tt>Packages</tt> and <tt>Packages.gz</tt> for binaries +and <tt>Packages</tt> and <tt>Packages.gz</tt> for installer modules. +<br> +The format of these headers is the name of index file to generate, followed +by the optional name for a per-directory release description +(when no name is specified, no file is generated). +Then a list of compressions: +A single dot (<tt>.</tt>) means generating an uncompressed index, +<tt>.gz</tt> means generating a gzipped output, +while <tt>.bz2</tt> requests and bzip2ed file. +(<tt>.bz2</tt> is not available when disabled at compile time). +After the compressions a script can be given that is called to generate/update +additional forms, see <a href="#exporthook">"Additional index files"</a>. +<h4><a name="signing">Signing</a></h4> +If there is a <tt class="config">SignWith</tt> header, reprepro will try +to generate a <tt class="file">Release.gpg</tt> file using libgpgme. +If the value of the header is <tt>yes</tt> it will use the first key +it finds, otherwise it will give the option to libgpgme to determine the +key. (Which means fingerprints and keyids work fine, and whatever libgpgme +supports, which might include most that gpg supports to select a key). +<br> +The best way to deal with keys needing passphrases is to use +<a href="http://packages.debian.org/gnupg-agent">gpg-agent</a>. +The only way to specify which keyring to use is to set the +<tt class="env">GNUPGHOME</tt> environment variable, which will effect all +distributions. +<h4><a name="contents">Contents files</a></h4> +Reprepro can generate files called +<tt class="file">dists/CODENAME/Contents-ARCHITECTURE.gz</tt> +listing all files in all binary packages available for the selected +architecture in that distribution and which package they belong to. +<br> +This file can either be used by humans directly or via downloaded +and searched with tools like +<a href="http://packages.debian.org/apt-file">apt-file</a>. +<br> +To activate generating of these files by reprepro, you need a <tt class="config">Contents</tt> header in that distribution's declaration in <tt class="file">conf/distributions</tt>, +like: +<pre class="config"> +Contents: +</pre> +Versions before 3.0.0 need a ratio number there, like: +<pre class="config"> +Contents: 1 +</pre> +The number is the inverse ratio of not yet looked at and cached files to process in +every run. The larger the more packages are missing. 1 means to list everything. +<br> +The arguments of the Contents field and other fields control +which Architectures to generate Contents files for and which +Components to include in those. For example +<pre class="config"> +Contents: udebs nodebs . .gz .bz2 +ContentsArchitectures: ia64 +ContentsComponents: +ContentsUComponents: main +</pre> +means to not skip any packages, generate Contents for <tt class="suffix">.udeb</tt> +files, not generating Contents for <tt class="suffix">.deb</tt>s. Also it is only +generated for the <tt>ia64</tt> architecture and only packages in component +<tt>main</tt> are included. +<h4><a name="exporthook">Additional index files (like .diff)</a></h4> +Index files reprepro cannot generate itself, can be generated by telling +it to call a script. +<h5>using rredtool to generate pdiff files</h5> +Starting with version 4.1.0, the <tt>rredtool</tt> coming with reprepro +can be used as hook to create and update <tt>Packages.diff/Index</tt> files. +<br> +Unlike dak (which created the official Debian repositories) or the pdiff.py +script (see below) derived from dak, an user will only need to download +one of those patches, as new changes are merged into the old files. +<br> +To use it, make sure you have +<a href="http://packages.debian.org/diff">diff</a> and +<a href="http://packages.debian.org/gzip">gzip</a> +installed. +Then add something like the following to the headers of the distributions +that should use this in <tt class="file">conf/distributions</tt>: +<pre class="config"> + DscIndices: Sources Release . .gz /usr/bin/rredtool + DebIndices: Packages Release . .gz /usr/bin/rredtool +</pre> +<h5>the pdiff example hook script (generates pdiff files)</h5> +This example generates <tt class="file">Packages.diff</tt> and/or +<tt class="file">Sources.diff</tt> directories containing a set of +ed-style patches, so that people do not redownload the whole index +for just some small changes. +<br> +To use it, copy <tt class="file">pdiff.example</tt> from the examples directory +into your <tt class="dir">conf</tt> directory. +(or any other directory, then you will need to give an absolute path later). +Unpack, if needed. Rename it to pdiff.py and make it executable. +Make sure you have +<a href="http://packages.debian.org/python3-apt">python3-apt</a>, +<a href="http://packages.debian.org/diff">diff</a> and +<a href="http://packages.debian.org/gzip">gzip</a> +installed. +Then add something like the following to the headers of the distributions +that should use this in <tt class="file">conf/distributions</tt>: +<pre class="config"> + DscIndices: Sources Release . .gz pdiff.py + DebIndices: Packages Release . .gz pdiff.py +</pre> +More information can be found in the file itself. You should read it. +<h5>the bzip2 example hook script</h5> +This is an very simple example. +Simple and mostly useless, +as reprepro has built in <tt>.bz2</tt> generation support, +unless you compiled it your own with <tt>--without-libbz2</tt> or +with no <tt>libbz2-dev</tt> installed. +<br> +To use it, copy <tt class="file">bzip.example</tt> from the examples directory +into your <tt class="dir">conf</tt> directory. +(or any other directory, then you will need to give an absolute path later). +Unpack, if needed. Rename it to bzip2.sh and make it executable. +Then add something like the following to the headers of the distributions +that should use this in <tt class="file">conf/distributions</tt>: +<pre class="config"> + DscIndices: Sources Release . .gz bzip2.sh + DebIndices: Packages Release . .gz bzip2.sh + UDebIndices: Packages . .gz bzip2.sh +</pre> +The script will compress the index file using the +<a href="http://packages.debian.org/bzip2">bzip2</a> program and tell +reprepro which files to include in the Release file of the distribution. +<h5>internals</h5> +TO BE CONTINUED +<h4>...</h4> +TO BE CONTINUED +<h2><a name="localpackages">Local packages</a></h2> +There are two ways to get packages not yet in any repository into yours. +<dl><dt>includedsc, includedeb, include</dt><dd> +These are for including packages at the command line. +Many options are available to control what actually happens. +You can easily force components, section and priority and/or choose to +include only some files or only in specific architectures. +(Can be quite useful for architecture all packages depending on some +packages you will some time before building for some of your architectures). +Files can be moved instead of copied and most sanity checks overwritten. +They are also optimized towards being fast and simply try things instead of +checking a long time if they would succeed. +</dd><dt>processincoming</dt><dd> +This command checks for changes files in an incoming directory. +Being optimized for automatic processing (i.e. trying to checking +everything before actually doing anything), it can be slower +(as every file is copied at least once to sure the owner is correct, +with multiple partitions another copy can follow). +Component, section and priority can only be changed via the distribution's +override files. Every inclusion needs a <tt class="suffix">.changes</tt> file. +<br> +This method is also relatively new (only available since 2.0.0), thus +optimisation for automatic procession will happen even more. +</dd></dl> +<h3><a name="include">Including via command line</a></h3> +There are three commands to directly include packages into your repository: +<tt class="command">includedeb</tt>, <tt class="command">includedsc</tt> +and <tt class="command">includechanges</tt>. +Each needs to codename of the distribution you want to put your package into +as first argument and a file of the appropriate type +(<tt class="suffix">.deb</tt>, <tt class="suffix">.dsc</tt> or + <tt class="suffix">.changes</tt>, respectively) as second argument. +<br> +If no component is specified via <tt class="option">--component</tt> +(or short <tt class="option">-C</tt>), it will be guessed looking at its +section and the components of that distribution. +<br> +If there are no <tt class="option">--section</tt> +(or short <tt class="option">-S</tt>) option, and it is not specified +by the (binary or source, depending on the type) override file of the +distribution, the value from the <tt class="suffix">.changes</tt>-file +is used (if the command is <tt class="command">includechanges</tt>) +or it is extracted out of the file (if it is a +<tt class="suffix">.deb</tt>-file, future versions might also try to +extract it from a <tt class="suffix">.dsc</tt>'s diff or tarball). +<br> +Same with the priority and the <tt class="option">--priority</tt> +(or short <tt class="option">-P</tt>) option. +<br> +With the <tt class="option">--architecture</tt> (or short <tt class="option">-A</tt>) +option, the scope of the command is limited to that architecture. +<tt class="command">includdeb</tt> will add a Architecture <tt>all</tt> +packages only to that architecture (and complain about Debian packages for +other architectures). +<tt class="command">include</tt> will do the same and ignore packages for +other architectures (source packages will only be included if the value +for <tt class="option">--architecture</tt> is <tt>source</tt>). +<br> +To limit the scope to a specify type of package, use the +<tt class="option">--packagetype</tt> or short <tt class="option">-T</tt> +option. Possible values are <tt>deb</tt>, <tt>udeb</tt> and <tt>dsc</tt>. +<br> +When using the <tt class="option">--delete</tt> option, files will +be moved or deleted after copying them. +Repeating the <tt class="option">--delete</tt> option will also delete +unused files. +<br> +TO BE CONTINUED. +<h3><a name="incoming">Processing an incoming queue</a></h3> +Using the <tt class="command">processincoming</tt> command reprepro +can automatically process incoming queues. +While this is still improveable (reprepro still misses ways to send +mails and especially an easy way to send rejection mails to the +uploader directly), it makes it easy to have an directory where you +place your packages and reprepro will automatically include them. +<br> +To get this working you need three things: +<ul> +<li><a href="#processincoming-incoming-config"> +a file <tt class="file">conf/incoming</tt> describing your incoming directories, +</a></li> +<li><a href="#processincoming-dist-config"> +a <tt class="file">conf/distribution</tt> file describing your distributions +(as always with reprepro) +and +</a></li> +<li><a href="#processincoming-calling"> +a way to get reprepro called to process it. +</a></li> +</ul> +<a name="processincoming-incoming-config"> +<h4>The file <tt class="file">conf/incoming</tt></h4></a> +describes the different incoming queues. +As usual the different chunks are separated by empty lines. +Each chunk can have the following fields: +<dl><dt>Name</dt><dd>This +is the name of the incoming queue, that <tt class="command">processincoming</tt> +wants as argument.</dd> +<dt>IncomingDir</dt><dd>The actual directory to look for +<tt class="suffix">.changes</tt> files.</dd> +<dt>TempDir</dt><dd>To ensure integrity of the processed files and their +permissions, +every file is first copied from the incoming directory to this directory. +Only the user reprepro runs as needs write permissions here. +It speeds things up if this directory is in the same partition as the pool. +<dt>Allow</dt><dd> +This field lists the distributions this incoming queue might inject packages +into. +Each item can be a pair of a name of a distribution to accept and a distribution +to put it into. +Each upload has each item in its <tt class="field">Distribution:</tt> field +compared first to last to each of this items and is put in the first distribution +accepting it. For example +<pre class="line"> +Allow: stable>etch stable>etch-proposed-updates mystuff unstable>sid +</pre> +will put a <tt class="suffix">.changes</tt> file with +<tt class="field">Distribution: stable</tt> into etch. +If that is not possible (e.g. because etch has a +<tt class="field">UploadersList</tt> option not allowing this) it will +be put into etch-proposed-updates. +And a <tt class="suffix">.changes</tt> file with +<tt class="field">Distribution: unstable</tt> will be put into sid, while +with <tt class="field">Distribution: mystuff</tt> will end up in mystuff. +<br> +If there is a <tt class="field">Default</tt> field, the <tt class="field">Allow</tt> +field is optional.</dd> +<dt>Default</dt><dd> +Every upload not caught by an item of the <tt class="field">Allow</tt> +field is put into the distribution specified by this. +<br> +If there is a <tt class="field">Allow</tt> field, the <tt class="field">Default</tt> +field is optional.</dd> +<dt>Multiple</dt><dd> +This field only makes a difference if a <tt class="suffix">.changes</tt> file +has multiple distributions listed in its <tt class="field">Distribution:</tt> +field. +Without this field each of those distributions is tried according to the +above rules until the package is added to one (or none accepts it). +With this field it is tried for each distribution, so a package can be upload +to multiple distributions at the same time. +</dd> +<dt>Permit</dt><dd> +A list of options to allow things otherwise causing errors. +(see the manpage for possible values). +<br>This field os optional.</dd> +<dt>Cleanup</dt><dd> +Determines when and what files to delete from the incoming queue. +By default only successfully processed <tt class="suffix">.changes</tt> files +and the files references by those are deleted. +For a list of possible options take a look into the man page. +<br>This field os optional.</dd> +</dl> +<a name="processincoming-dist-config"> +<h4><tt class="file">conf/distribution</tt> for <tt class="command">processincoming</tt></h4></a> +There are no special requirements on the <tt class="file">conf/distribution</tt> +file by processincoming. So even a simple +<pre class="file"> +Codename: mystuff +Architectures: i386 source +Components: main non-free contrib bad +</pre> +will work. +<br> +The <tt class="field">Uploaders</tt> field can list a file limiting +uploads to this distribution to specific keys and +<tt class="field">AlsoAcceptFor</tt> is used to resolve unknown names +in <tt class="file">conf/incoming</tt>'s <tt class="field">Allow</tt> +and <tt class="field">Default</tt> fields. +<a name="processincoming-calling"> +<h4>Getting <tt class="command">processincoming</tt> called.</h4></a> +While you can just call <tt class="command">reprepro processincoming</tt> manually, +having an incoming queue needing manual intervention takes all the fun out of +having an incoming queue, so usually so automatic way is chosen: +<ul> +<li>Dupload and dput have ways to call an hook after an package was uploaded. +This can be an ssh to the host calling reprepro. +The disavantage is having to configure this in every +<tt class="file">.dupload.conf</tt> on every host you want to upload and give +everyone access to ssh and permissions on the archive who should upload. +The advantage is you can configure reprepro to have interactive scripts or +ask for passphrases. +</li> +<li>Install a cron-job calling reprepro every 5 minutes. Cron is usually +available everywhere and getting the output sent by mail to you or a mailing +list is easy. +The annoying part is having to wait almost 5 minutes for the processing. +</li> +<li>Use something like <a href="http://packages.debian.org/inoticoming"><tt class="external">inoticoming</tt></a>. +Linux has a syscall called inotify, allowing a program to be run whenever +something happens to a file. +One program making use of this is inoticoming. It watches a directory using +this facility and whenever a <tt class="suffix">.changes</tt> file is completed +it can call reprepro for you. +(As this happens directly, make sure you always upload the <tt class="suffix">.changes</tt> +file last, dupload and dput always ensure this). +This can be combined with Debian's cron-extension to have a program started at +boot time with the <tt>@reboot</tt> directive. +For example with a crontab like: +<pre class="file"> +MAILTO=myaddress@somewhere.tld + +@reboot inoticoming --logfile /my/basedir/logs/i.log /my/basedir/incoming/ --stderr-to-log --stdout-to-log --suffix '.changes' --chdir /my/basedir reprepro -b /my/basedir --waitforlock 100 processincoming local {} \; +</pre> +</li> +</ul> +<h2><a name="mirroring">Mirroring / Updating</a></h2> +Reprepro can fetch packages from other repositories. +For this it uses apt's methods from <tt class="dir">/usr/lib/apt/methods/</tt> +so everything (http, ftp, ...) that works with apt should also work with reprepro. +Note that this works on the level of packages, even though you can tell reprepro +to create a distribution having always the same packages as some remote repository, +the repository as a whole may not look exactly the same but only have the same set +of packages in the same versions. +<br> +You can also only mirror a specific subset of packages, merge multiple repositories +into one distribution, or even have distributions mixing remote and local packages. +<br> +Each distribution to receive packages from other repositories needs an +<tt class="field">Update:</tt> field listing the update rules applied to it. +Those update rules are listed in <tt class="file">conf/updates</tt>. +There is also the magic <tt>-</tt> update rule, which tells reprepro to delete +all packages not re-added by later rules. +<br> +To make reprepro to update all distributions call <tt>reprepro update</tt> +without further arguments, or give the distributions to update as additional +arguments. +<br> +Let's start with some examples: +<h3><a name="update-examples">Updating examples</a></h3> +Let's assume you have the following <tt class="file">conf/distributions</tt> +<pre class="file"> +Codename: etch +Architectures: i386 source +Components: main contrib +Update: local - debian security + +Codename: mystuff +Architectures: abacus source +Components: main bad +Update: debiantomystuff +</pre> +and the following <tt class="file">conf/updates</tt> +<pre class="file"> +Name: local +Method: http://ftp.myorg.tld/debian + +Name: debian +Method: http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian +VerifyRelease: A70DAF536070D3A1 +Config: Acquire::Http::Proxy=http://proxy.yours.org:8080 + +Name: security +Suite: */updates +Method: http://security.eu.debian.org/ +Fallback: http://security.debian.org/ +VerifyRelease: A70DAF536070D3A1 +Config: Acquire::Http::Proxy=http://proxy.yours.org:8080 + +Name: debiantomystuff +Suite: sid +Method: http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian +Architectures: i386>abacus source +Components: main non-free>bad contrib>bad +FilterFormula: Architecture (== all)| !Architecture +FilterList: deinstall list +</pre> +and a file <tt class="file">conf/list</tt> with some +output as <tt>dpkg --get-selections</tt> is printing. +<br> +If you then run +<tt class="command">reprepro update etch</tt> or +<tt class="command">reprepro checkupdate etch</tt>, +reprepro looks at etch's <tt class="field">Update:</tt> line +and finds four rules. The first is the <tt>local</tt> rule, +which only has a method, so that means it will download the +<tt class="file">Release</tt> file from +<tt>http://ftp.myorg.tld/debian/dists/etch/Release</tt> and +(unless it already has downloaded them before or that +repository does not have all of them) downloads the +<tt>binary-i386/Packages.gz</tt> +and <tt>source/Sources.gz</tt> files for main and contrib. +The same is done for the <tt>debian</tt> and <tt>security</tt> +rules. +As they have a <tt class="field">VerifyRelease</tt> field, +Release.gpg is also downloaded and checked to be signed with the +given key +(which you should have imported to you <tt class="external">gpg</tt> +keyring before). +As security has a <tt class="field">Suite:</tt> field, not the codename, +but the content of this field (with an possible<tt>*</tt> replaced by the codename), +is used as distribution to get. +<br> +Then it will parse for each part of the distribution, parse the files it +get from left to right. +For each package it starts with the version currently in the distribution, +if there is a newer on in <tt>local</tt> it will mark this. +Then there is the delete rule <tt>-</tt>, which will mark it to be deleted +(but remembers what was there, so if later the version in the distribution +or the version in <tt>local</tt> are newest, it will get them from here avoiding +slow downloads from far away). Then it will look into <tt>debian</tt> and then +in <tt>security</tt>, if they have a newer version (or the same version, clearing +the deletion mark). +<br> +If you issued <tt class="command">checkupdate</tt> reprepro will print what it would +do now, otherwise it tries to download all the needed files and when it got all, +change the packages in the distribution to the new ones, export the index files +for this distribution and finally delete old files no longer needed. +<br> +TO BE CONTINUED. +<h2><a name="propagation">Propagation of packages</a></h2> +You can copy packages between distributions using the +<tt class="command">pull</tt> and <tt class="command">copy</tt> commands. +<br> +With the <tt class="command">copy</tt> command you can copy packages +by name from one distribution to the other within the same repository. +<br> +With the <tt class="command">pull</tt> command you can pull all packages +(or a subset defined by some list, or exceptions by some list, or by some +formula, or ...) from one distribution to another within the same formula. +<br> +Note that both assume the filenames of the corresponding packages in the +pool will not differ, so you cannot move packages from one component to another. +<br> +Let's just look at a little example, more information can be found in the man page. +<br> +Assume you upload all new packages to a distribution and you want another +so you can keep using an old version until you know the newer works, too. +One way would be to use something like the following +<tt class="file">conf/distributions</tt>: +<pre class="file"> +Codename: development +Suite: unstable +Components: main extra +Architectures: i386 source + +Codename: bla +Suite: testing +Components: main extra +Architectures: i386 source +Pull: from_development +</pre> +and <tt class="file">conf/pulls</tt>: +<pre class="file"> +Name: from_development +From: development +</pre> +i.e. you have two distributions, bla and development. +Now you can just upload stuff to development (or it's alias unstable). +And when you want a single package to go to testing, you can use the copy +command: +<pre class="shell"> +reprepro copy bla development name1 name2 name3 +</pre> +If you do not want to copy all packages of a given name, but only some +of them, you can use <tt>-A</tt>, <tt>-T</tt> and <tt>-C</tt>: +<pre class="shell"> +reprepro -T deb -A i386 copy bla development name1 +</pre> +will copy <tt class="suffix">.deb</tt> packages called name1 from the i386 +parts of the distribution. +<br> +TO BE CONTINUED +<h2><a name="snapshosts">Snapshots</a></h2> +There is a gensnapshot command.<br> +TO BE DOCUMENTED +<h2><a name="tracking">Source package tracking</a></h2> +TO BE DOCUMENTED +<h2><a name="hooks">Extending reprepro / Hooks and more</a></h2> +When reprepro misses some functionality, +it often can be added by some kind of hook. +<br> +Currently you can execute your own scripts at the following occasions: +<ul> +<li><a href="#addhook">after adding or removing packages</a></li> +<li><a href="#byhandhook">to process byhand files</a></li> +<li><a href="#exporthook">when creating index files (Packages.gz, Sources.gz)</a></li> +<li><a href="#signhook">when signing releases</a></li> +<li><a href="#outhook">after changing the visible files of the repository managed</a></li> +<li><a href="#endhook">when reprepro finished</a></li> +</ul> +<h3><a name="addhook">Scripts to be run when adding or removing packages</a></h3> +Whenever a package is added or removed, +you can tell reprepro to log that to some file and/or call a script using the +<tt>Log:</tt> directive in <tt class="file">conf/distributions</tt>. +<br> +This script can send out mails and do other logging stuff, +but despite the name, it is not restricted to logging. +<br> +<h4>Automatically extracting changelog and copyright information</h4> +reprepro ships with an example script to extract <tt class="file">debian/changelog</tt> +and <tt class="file">debian/copyright</tt> +files from source packages into a hierarchy loosely resembling the way changelogs +are made available at +<a href="http://packages.debian.org/changelogs/">http://packages.debian.org/changelogs/</a>. +<br> +All you have to do is to copy (or unpack if compressed) the file +<tt class="file">changelogs.example</tt> from the examples directory +in the reprepro source or +<a href="file:///usr/share/doc/reprepro/examples/">/usr/share/doc/reprepro/examples/</a> +of your installed reprepro package into your <tt class="directory">conf/</tt> directory +(or somewhere else, then you will need an absolute path later), perhaps +change some directories specified in it +and add something like the following lines +to all distributions in <tt class="file">conf/distributions</tt> that should use +this feature: +<pre class="config"> +Log: + --type=dsc changelogs.example +</pre> +If you still want to log to some file, just keep the filename there: +<pre class="config"> +Log: mylogfilename + --type=dsc changelogs.example +</pre> +Then cause those files to be generated for all existing files via +<pre class="command"> +reprepro rerunnotifiers +</pre> +and all future source packages added or removed will get this list automatically +updated. +<h4>Writing your own Log: scripts</h4> +You can list an arbitrary amount of scripts, to be called at specified times +(which can overlap or even be the same): +<pre class="config"> +Log: logfilename + --type=dsc script-to-run-on-source-package-changes + script-to-run-on-package-changes + another-script-to-run-on-package-changes + --type=dsc --component=main script-to-run-on-main-source-packages + --architecture=i386 --type=udeb script-to-run-on-i386-udebs + --changes script-to-run-on-include-or-processincoming +</pre> +There are two kind of scripts: +The first one is called when a package was added or removed. +Using the <tt class="option">--archtecture=</tt>, +<tt class="option">--component=</tt> and +<tt class="option">--type=</tt> options you can limit it to specific parts +of the distribution. +The second kind is marked with <tt class="option">--changes</tt> and is +called when a <tt class="suffix">.changes</tt>-file was added with +<tt class="command">include</tt> or <tt class="command">processincoming</tt>. +Both are called asynchronous in the background <emph>after</emph> everything was done, +but before no longer referenced files are deleted (so the files of the +replaced or deleted package are still around). +<h5>Calling conventions for package addition/removal scripts</h5> +This type of script is called with a variable number of arguments. +The first argument is the action. This is either +<tt>add</tt>, <tt>remove</tt> or <tt>replace</tt>. +The next four arguments are the codename of the affected distribution +and the packagetype, component and architecture in that distribution +affected. +The sixth argument is the package's name. +After that is the version of the added package (<tt>add</tt> and <tt>replace</tt>) +and the version of the removed package (<tt>remove</tt> and <tt>replace</tt>). +Finally the filekeys of the new (<tt>add</tt> and <tt>replace</tt>) and/or +removed (<tt>remove</tt> and <tt>replace</tt>) package are listed +starting with the marker "<tt>--</tt>" followed by each filekey +(the name of the file in the <tt class="dir">pool/</tt> +relative to <tt class="env">REPREPRO_OUT_DIR</tt>) +as its own argument. +<br> +The environment variable <tt class="env">REPREPRO_CAUSING_COMMAND</tt> +contains the command of the action causing this change. +The environment variable +<tt class="env">REPREPRO_CAUSING_FILE</tt> contains the name of the file +given at the command line causing this package to be changed, +if there is one. +(i.e. with <tt class="command">includedeb</tt>, +<tt class="command">includedsc</tt> and <tt class="command">include</tt>). +The environment variables +<tt class="env">REPREPRO_CAUSING_RULE</tt> and +<tt class="env">REPREPRO_FROM</tt> are +the name of the update or pull rule pulling in a package +and the name of the distribution a package is coming from. +What this name is depends on the command and for most commands +it is simply not set at all. +And of course all the <tt class="env">REPREPRO_*_DIR</tt> variables are set. +<h5>Calling conventions for <tt class="suffix">.changes</tt> scripts</h5> +This type of script is called with 5 or 6 arguments. +The first is always "<tt>accepted</tt>", to make it easier to +check it is configured the right way. +The second argument is the codename of the distribution the +<tt class="suffix">.changes</tt>-file was added to. +The third argument is the source name, the forth the version. +The fifth name is the <tt class="suffix">.changes</tt> itself +(in case of <tt class="command">processingcoming</tt> the secure copy in the +temporary dir). +There is a sixth argument if the <tt class="suffix">.changes</tt>-file was +added to the <tt class="dir">pool/</tt>: +The filekey of the added .changes file +(i.e. the filename relative to <tt class="env">REPREPRO_OUT_DIR</tt>). +<br> +The environment variable <tt class="env">REPREPRO_CAUSING_COMMAND</tt> +contains the command of the action causing this change. +The environment variable +<tt class="env">REPREPRO_CAUSING_FILE</tt> contains the name of the file +given at the command line, if there is one +(e.g. with <tt class="command">include</tt>). +And of course all the <tt class="env">REPREPRO_*_DIR</tt> variables are set. +<h3><a name="byhandhook">Scripts to be run to process byhand files</a></h3> +<tt class="suffix">.changes</tt> files can (beside the usual packages files +to be included in the repository) contain additional files to be processed +specially. +Those are marked by the special section <tt class="constant">byhand</tt> (in Debian) +or <tt class="constant">raw-</tt>something (in Ubuntu). +Besides storing them just in the pool besides the packages using the +<tt class="constant">includebyhand</tt> value in the <tt class="field">Tracking</tt> +settings you can also let reprepro process a hook to process them when encountering +them in the <tt class="action">processincomming</tt> action +(Typical usages are uploading documentation files this way that are unpacked next +to the repository, or installer images or stuff like that). + +To use them add to the distribution's defining stanca in <tt class="filename">conf/distributions</tt> a field like: +<pre class="config"> +ByhandHooks: + byhand * manifesto.txt handle-byhand.sh +</pre> +This will call the hook script <tt class="constant">handle-byhand.sh</tt> for every byhand file with section <tt class="constant">byhand</tt>, any priority and filename <tt class="constant">manifesto.txt</tt>. (The first three fields allow glob characters for matching). + +The script will then be called with 5 arguments: +the codename of the distribution, +the section, +the priority, +the filename as found in the changes file and +the filename of where the script can find the actual file. + +<h3>Scripts to be run when creating index files (Packages.gz, Sources.gz)</h3> +this hook is described in the section <a href="#exporthook">"Additional index files"</a>. + +<h3><a name="signhook">Scripts to be run when signing releases</a></h3> +Instead of creating <tt class="filename">InRelease</tt> and +<tt class="filename">Release.gpg</tt> files using libgpgme, +the <tt class="option">SignWith</tt> option can also contain +a exclamation mark followed by a space and the name of a hook script to call. + +The script gets three arguments: +The filename to sign, +the filename of the InRelease file to create and +the filename of the Release.gpg to create +(a Release.gpg does not need to be created. reprepro will assume you do not care about that legacy file if it is not created). + +Reprepro will wait for the script to continue and only do the renaming +and deleting of old files after that, so the script might wait for example +for someone to copy files from the system, signing and copying them it, +for example. + +<h3><a name="outhook">Scripts to be run after changing the visible files of the repository managed</a></h3> +When using the <tt class="option">--outhook</tt> command line option (or the corresponding +<tt class="constant">outhook</tt> in the <tt class="filename">options</tt> file), +reprepro will create a <tt class="suffix">.outlog</tt> file in the log directory describing +any changes done to the out dir and calls the hook script given as argument with this +file as argument. + +The <tt class="suffix">.outlog</tt> file consists of lines each starting with a keyword +and then some arguments separated by tab characters. + +The possible keywords are: +<ul> +<li><tt class="constant">POOLNEW</tt>: +One argument is the filekey of a file newly added to the pool. +<li><tt class="constant">POOLDELETE</tt>: +One argument is the filekey of a file removed from the pool. +<li><tt class="constant">START-DISTRIBUTION</tt>, <tt class="constant">END-DISTRIBUTION</tt>: +two or three arguments: the codename, the directory, +and the suite (if set). +<li><tt class="constant">START-SNAPSHOT</tt>, <tt class="constant">END-SNAPSHOT</tt>: +three arguments: the codename, the directory, and the name of the snapshot generated. +<li><tt class="constant">DISTFILE</tt>: +three arguments: the directory of the distribution (relative to out dir), the name relative to that directory, and the filename generated by reprepro. +<li><tt class="constant">DISTSYMLINK</tt>: +three arguments: the directory of the distribution (relative to out dir), the name relative to that directory, and the symlink target (relative to that directory). +<li><tt class="constant">DISTDELETE</tt>: +two arguments: the directory of the distribution (relative to out dir), the name relative to that directory of a file no longer there. +<li><tt class="constant">DISTKEEP</tt> (not yet generated): +two arguments: the directory of the distribution (relative to out dir), the name relative to that directory. +</ul> + +All <tt class="constant">POOLNEW</tt> come before any distribution changes referencing them +and all <tt class="constant">POOLDELETE</tt> will be afterwards. +Each line belonging to a distribution is guaranteed to be between the corresponding +<tt class="constant">START-DISTRIBUTION</tt> and +<tt class="constant">END-DISTRIBUTION</tt> or between a +<tt class="constant">START-SNAPSHOT</tt> and +<tt class="constant">END-SNAPSHOT</tt> or between a +with the same directory +(i.e. there is some redundancy so you can choose to parse the information where it is more convenient for you). + +The lines starting with <tt class="constant">DIST</tt> describe new or modified files in the distribution description exported by reprepro. No hint is given if that file was previously non-existent, a proper file or a symlink (i.e. if you copy stuff, do not make any assumptions about that). +Future versions of reprepro might create <tt class="constant">DISTKEEP</tt> lines to denote files that have not changed (i.e. just ignore those lines to be future-proof). + +The directories for the distribution entries are what apt expects them (i.e. always starting with <tt class="constant">dists/</tt>, while the third argument to <tt class="constant">DISTFILE</tt> is the name reprepro generated (i.e. starts with the distdir value, which can be configured to not end with <tt class="constant">dists/</tt>). + +<h3><a name="endhook">when reprepro finished</a></h3> +With the <tt class="option">--endhook</tt> command line option (or the corresponding +<tt class="constant">endhook</tt> in the <tt class="filename">options</tt> file) you +can specify a hook to be executed after reprepro finished but before reprepro returns +the to calling process. +The hook gets all the command line arguments after the options (i.e. starting with +the name of the action) and the exit code reprepro would have produces. +For an example see the man page. +<h2><a name="maintenance">Maintenance</a></h2> +This section lists some commands you can use to check and improve the health +of you repository. +<br> +Normally nothing of this should be needed, but taking a look from time to time +cannot harm. +<pre class="command"> +reprepro -b $YOURBASEDIR dumpunreferenced +</pre> +This lists all files reprepro knows about that are not marked as needed by anything. +Unless you called reprepro with the <tt class="option">--keepunreferenced</tt> +option, those should never occur. Though if reprepro is confused or interrupted it +may sometimes prefer keeping files around instead of deleting them. +<pre class="command"> +reprepro -b $YOURBASEDIR deleteunreferenced +</pre> +This is like the command before, only that such files are directly forgotten and +deleted. +<pre class="command"> +reprepro -b $YOURBASEDIR check +</pre> +Look if all needed files are in fact marked needed and known. +<pre class="command"> +reprepro -b $YOURBASEDIR checkpool +</pre> +Make sure all known files are still there and still have the same checksum. +<pre class="command"> +reprepro -b $YOURBASEDIR checkpool fast +</pre> +As the command above, but do not compute checksums. +<pre class="command"> +reprepro -b $YOURBASEDIR tidytracks +</pre> +If you use source package tracking, check for files kept because of this +that should no longer by the current rules. +<br> +If you fear your tracking data could have became outdated, +you can also try the retrack command: +<pre class="command"> +reprepro -b $YOURBASEDIR retrack +</pre> +That refreshes the tracking information about packages used and then +runs a tidytracks. (Beware: don't do this with reprepro versions before 3.0.0). +<h2><a name="internals">Internals</a></h2> +reprepro stores the data it collects in Berkeley DB file (<tt class="suffix">.db</tt>) +in a directory called <tt class="dir">db/</tt> or whatever you specified via command +line. With a few exceptions, those files are NO CACHES, but the actual data. +While some of those data can be regained when you lose those files, they are better +not deleted. +<h3>packages.db</h3> +This file contains the actual package information. +<br> +It contains a database for every (codename,component,architecture,packagetype) quadruple +available. +<br> +Each is indexed by package name and essentially contains the information written do +the Packages and Sources files. +<br> +Note that if you change your <tt class="file">conf/distributions</tt> to no longer +list some codenames, architectures or components, +that will not remove the associated databases in this file. +That needs an explicit call to <tt class="command">clearvanished</tt>. +<h3>references.db</h3> +This file contains a single database that lists for every file why this file +is still needed. +This is either an identifier for a package database, an tracked source package, +or a snapshot. +<br> +Some low level commands to access this are (take a look at the manpage for how to use them): +<dl class="commands"> +<dt class="command">rereference</dt><dd>recreate references (i.e. forget old and create newly)</dd> +<dt class="command">dumpreferences</dt><dd>print a list of all references</dd> +<dt class="command">_removereferences</dt><dd>remove everything referenced by a given identifier</dd> +<dt class="command">_addreference</dt><dd>manually add a reference</dd> +<dt class="command">_addreferences</dt><dd>manually add multiple references</dd> +</dl> +<h3>files.db / checksums.db</h3> +These files contains what reprepro knows about your <tt class="dir">pool/</tt> directory, +i.e. what files it things are there with what sizes and checksums. +The file <tt class="filename">files.db</tt> is used by reprepro before version 3.3 +and kept for backwards compatibility. +If your repository was only used with newer versions you can safely delete it. +Otherwise you should run <tt class="command">collectnewchecksums</tt> before deleting +it. +The file <tt class="filename">checksums.db</tt> is the new file used since +version 3.3. +It can store more checksums types (<tt class="filename">files.db</tt> only contained +md5sums, <tt class="filename">checksums.db</tt> can store arbitrary checksums and +reprepro can even cope with it containing checksum types it does not yet know of) +but for compatibility with pre-3.3 versions is not the canonical source of information +as long as a <tt class="filename">files.db</tt> file exists). +<br> +If you manually put files in the pool or remove them, you should tell reprepro about that. +(it sometimes looks for files there without being told, but it never forgets files +except when it would have deleted them anyway). +Some low level commands (take a look at the man page for how to use them): +<dl class="commands"> +<dt class="command">collectnewchecksums</dt><dd>Make sure every file is listed in <tt class="filename">checksums.db</tt> and with all checksum types your reprepro supports.</dd> +<dt class="command">checkpool fast</dt><dd>Make sure all files are still there.</dd> +<dt class="command">checkpool</dt><dd>Make sure all files are still there and correct.</dd> +<dt class="command">dumpunreferenced</dt><dd>Show all known files without reference.</dd> +<dt class="command">deleteunreferenced</dt><dd>Delete all known files without reference.</dd> +<dt class="command">_listmd5sums</dt><dd>Dump this database (old style)</dd> +<dt class="command">_listchecksums</dt><dd>Dump this database (new style)</dd> +<dt class="command">_detect</dt><dd>Add files to the database</dd> +<dt class="command">_forget</dt><dd>Forget that some file is there</dd> +<dt class="command">_addmd5sums</dt><dd>Create the database from dumped data</dd> +<dt class="command">_addchecksums</dt><dd>dito</dd> +<h3>release.cache.db</h3> +In this file reprepro remembers what it already wrote to the <tt class="dir">dists</tt> +directory, +so that it can write their checksums (including the checksums of the uncompressed variant, +even if that was never written to disk) +in a newly to create <tt class="file">Release</tt> +file without having to trust those files or having to unpack them. +<h3>contents.cache.db</h3> +This file contains all the lists of files of binary package files where reprepro +already needed them. (which can only happen if you requested Contents files to be +generated). +<h3>tracking.db</h3> +This file contains the information of the <a href="#tracking">source package tracking</a>. +<h2><a name="recovery">Disaster recovery</a></h2> +TO BE DOCUMENTED (see the +<a href="http://git.debian.org/?p=mirrorer/reprepro.git;a=blob_plain;f=docs/recovery;hb=HEAD">recovery</a> +file until then) +<h2><a name="paranoia">Paranoia</a></h2> +As all software, reprepro might have bugs. +And it uses libraries not written by myself, +which I'm thus even more sure that they will have bugs. +Some of those bugs might be security relevant. +This section contains some tips, to reduce the impact of those. +<ul> +<li>Never run reprepro as root.<br> +All reprepro needs to work are permissions to files, +there is no excuse for running it as root. +</li> +<li>Don't publish your db/ directory.<br> +The contents of the db directory are not needed by everyone else. +Having them available to everyone may make it easier for them to +exploit some hypothetical problem in libdb and makes it easier to +know in advance how exactly reprepro will act in a given circumstances, +thus easier to exploit some hypothetical problem. +</li> +<li>Don't accept untrusted data without need.<br> +If an attacker cannot do anything, they cannot do anything harmful, either. +So if there is no need, don't offer an anonymous incoming queue. +<tt class="program">dput</tt> supports uploading via scp, so just having +an only group-writable incoming directory, or even better multiple incoming +directories can be a better alternative. +</li> +</ul> +External stuff being used and attack vectors opened by it: +<dl> +<dt>libgpgme/gpg</dt><dd> +Almost anything is run through <tt>libgpgme</tt> and thus <tt>gpg</tt>. +It will be used to check the <tt class="filename">Release.gpg</tt> file, +or to read <tt class="suffix">.dsc</tt> and <tt class="suffix">.changes</tt> +files (even when there is no key to look for specified, +as that is the best way to get the data from the signed block). +Avoiding this by just accepting stuff without looking for signatures on +untrusted data is not really an option, so I know nothing to prevent this +type of problems. +</dd> +<dt>libarchive</dt><dd> +The <tt class="suffix">.tar</tt> files within <tt class="suffix">.deb</tt> +files are normally (unless that library was +not available while compiling) read using libarchive. +This happens when a <tt class="suffix">.deb</tt> file is to be added +(though only after deciding if it should be added, so if it does not have +the correct checksum or the .changes did not have the signatures you specified, +it is not) or when the file list is to be extracted +(when creating <tt class="filename">Contents</tt> files). +Note that they are not processed when only mirroring them (of course unless +<tt class="filename">Contents</tt> files are generated), as then only the +information from the Packages file is copied. +</dd> +<dt>dpkg-deb/tar</dt><dd> +If reprepro was compiled without libarchive, +<tt class="program">dpkg-deb</tt> is used instead, which most likely will +call <tt class="program">tar</tt>. Otherwise just the same like the last +item. +</dd> +<dt>zlib</dt><dd> +When mirroring packages, the downloaded +<tt class="filename">Packages.gz</tt> and <tt class="filename">Sources.gz</tt> files +are read using zlib. Also the generated <tt class="suffix">.gz</tt> files +are generated using it. There is no option but hoping there is no security +relevant problem in that library. +</dd> +<dt>libbz2</dt><dd> +Only used to generate <tt class="suffix">.bz2</tt> files. +If you fear simple blockwise writing using that library has a security problem +that can be exploited by data enough harmless looking to be written to the +generated index files, you can always decide to no tell reprepro to generate +<tt class="suffix">.bz2</tt> files. +</dd> +</dl> +<h2><a name="counterindications">What reprepro cannot do</a></h2> +There are some things reprepro does not do: +<dl><dt>Verbatim mirroring</dt><dd> +Reprepro aims to put all files into a coherent <tt>pool/</tt> hierarchy. +Thus it cannot guarantee that files will have the same relatives path as in the +original repository (especially if those have no pool). +It also creates the index files from its own indices. +While this leads to a tidy repository and possible savings of disk-space, the +signatures of the repositories you mirror cannot be used to authenticate the mirror, +but you will have to sign (or tell reprepro to sign for you) the result. +While this is perfect when you only mirror some parts or specific packages or +also have local packages that need local signing anyway, reprepro is no suitable tool +for creating a full mirror that can be authenticated without adding the key of this +repository. +</dd> +<dt>Placing your files on your own</dt><dd> +Reprepro does all the calculation of filenames to save files as, +bookkeeping what files are there and what are needed and so on. +This cannot be switched off or disabled. +You can place files where reprepro will expect them and reprepro will use +them if their md5sum matches. +But reprepro is not suited if you want those files outside of a pool or in +places reprepro does not consider their canonical ones. +</dd> +<dt>Having different files with the same name</dt><dd> +take a look in the <a href="http://git.debian.org/?p=mirrorer/reprepro.git;a=blob_plain;f=docs/FAQ;hb=HEAD">FAQ</a> (currently question 1.2) why and how to avoid the problem. + +</dd> +</dl> +</body> +</html> |