Merging upstream version 1.72.1+dfsg1.

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

4 files changed, 572 insertions, 237 deletions

diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/ambiguity.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/ambiguity.rs
index 7ab652761..f785c4eaf 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/ambiguity.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/ambiguity.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use rustc_hir::def_id::DefId;
 use rustc_infer::infer::{InferCtxt, LateBoundRegionConversionTime};
 use rustc_infer::traits::util::elaborate;
-use rustc_infer::traits::{Obligation, ObligationCause, TraitObligation};
+use rustc_infer::traits::{Obligation, ObligationCause, PolyTraitObligation};
 use rustc_middle::ty;
 use rustc_span::{Span, DUMMY_SP};
 
@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@ pub enum Ambiguity {
 
 pub fn recompute_applicable_impls<'tcx>(
     infcx: &InferCtxt<'tcx>,
-    obligation: &TraitObligation<'tcx>,
+    obligation: &PolyTraitObligation<'tcx>,
 ) -> Vec<Ambiguity> {
     let tcx = infcx.tcx;
     let param_env = obligation.param_env;
 
     let impl_may_apply = |impl_def_id| {
-        let ocx = ObligationCtxt::new_in_snapshot(infcx);
+        let ocx = ObligationCtxt::new(infcx);
         let placeholder_obligation =
             infcx.instantiate_binder_with_placeholders(obligation.predicate);
         let obligation_trait_ref =
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ pub fn recompute_applicable_impls<'tcx>(
     };
 
     let param_env_candidate_may_apply = |poly_trait_predicate: ty::PolyTraitPredicate<'tcx>| {
-        let ocx = ObligationCtxt::new_in_snapshot(infcx);
+        let ocx = ObligationCtxt::new(infcx);
         let placeholder_obligation =
             infcx.instantiate_binder_with_placeholders(obligation.predicate);
         let obligation_trait_ref =
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ pub fn recompute_applicable_impls<'tcx>(
         tcx.predicates_of(obligation.cause.body_id.to_def_id()).instantiate_identity(tcx);
     for (pred, span) in elaborate(tcx, predicates.into_iter()) {
         let kind = pred.kind();
-        if let ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::Trait(trait_pred)) = kind.skip_binder()
+        if let ty::ClauseKind::Trait(trait_pred) = kind.skip_binder()
             && param_env_candidate_may_apply(kind.rebind(trait_pred))
         {
             if kind.rebind(trait_pred.trait_ref) == ty::Binder::dummy(ty::TraitRef::identity(tcx, trait_pred.def_id())) {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/mod.rs
index a10ececbb..f34218059 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/mod.rs
@@ -5,13 +5,13 @@ pub mod suggestions;
 use super::{
     FulfillmentError, FulfillmentErrorCode, MismatchedProjectionTypes, Obligation, ObligationCause,
     ObligationCauseCode, ObligationCtxt, OutputTypeParameterMismatch, Overflow,
-    PredicateObligation, SelectionContext, SelectionError, TraitNotObjectSafe,
+    PredicateObligation, SelectionError, TraitNotObjectSafe,
 };
 use crate::infer::error_reporting::{TyCategory, TypeAnnotationNeeded as ErrorCode};
 use crate::infer::type_variable::{TypeVariableOrigin, TypeVariableOriginKind};
 use crate::infer::{self, InferCtxt};
+use crate::solve::{GenerateProofTree, InferCtxtEvalExt, UseGlobalCache};
 use crate::traits::query::evaluate_obligation::InferCtxtExt as _;
-use crate::traits::query::normalize::QueryNormalizeExt as _;
 use crate::traits::specialize::to_pretty_impl_header;
 use crate::traits::NormalizeExt;
 use on_unimplemented::{AppendConstMessage, OnUnimplementedNote, TypeErrCtxtExt as _};
@@ -28,21 +28,24 @@ use rustc_hir::{GenericParam, Item, Node};
 use rustc_infer::infer::error_reporting::TypeErrCtxt;
 use rustc_infer::infer::{InferOk, TypeTrace};
 use rustc_middle::traits::select::OverflowError;
-use rustc_middle::traits::SelectionOutputTypeParameterMismatch;
+use rustc_middle::traits::solve::Goal;
+use rustc_middle::traits::{DefiningAnchor, SelectionOutputTypeParameterMismatch};
 use rustc_middle::ty::abstract_const::NotConstEvaluatable;
 use rustc_middle::ty::error::{ExpectedFound, TypeError};
-use rustc_middle::ty::fold::{TypeFolder, TypeSuperFoldable};
+use rustc_middle::ty::fold::{BottomUpFolder, TypeFolder, TypeSuperFoldable};
 use rustc_middle::ty::print::{with_forced_trimmed_paths, FmtPrinter, Print};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{
     self, SubtypePredicate, ToPolyTraitRef, ToPredicate, TraitRef, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeFoldable,
     TypeVisitable, TypeVisitableExt,
 };
-use rustc_session::config::TraitSolver;
+use rustc_session::config::{DumpSolverProofTree, TraitSolver};
 use rustc_session::Limit;
 use rustc_span::def_id::LOCAL_CRATE;
 use rustc_span::symbol::sym;
 use rustc_span::{ExpnKind, Span, DUMMY_SP};
+use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::fmt;
+use std::io::Write;
 use std::iter;
 use std::ops::ControlFlow;
 use suggestions::TypeErrCtxtExt as _;
@@ -59,12 +62,17 @@ pub enum CandidateSimilarity {
     Fuzzy { ignoring_lifetimes: bool },
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct ImplCandidate<'tcx> {
     pub trait_ref: ty::TraitRef<'tcx>,
     pub similarity: CandidateSimilarity,
 }
 
+enum GetSafeTransmuteErrorAndReason {
+    Silent,
+    Error { err_msg: String, safe_transmute_explanation: String },
+}
+
 pub trait InferCtxtExt<'tcx> {
     /// Given some node representing a fn-like thing in the HIR map,
     /// returns a span and `ArgKind` information that describes the
@@ -148,6 +156,12 @@ pub trait TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> {
         root_obligation: &PredicateObligation<'tcx>,
         error: &SelectionError<'tcx>,
     );
+
+    fn report_const_param_not_wf(
+        &self,
+        ty: Ty<'tcx>,
+        obligation: &PredicateObligation<'tcx>,
+    ) -> DiagnosticBuilder<'tcx, ErrorGuaranteed>;
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> InferCtxtExt<'tcx> for InferCtxt<'tcx> {
@@ -365,7 +379,7 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxtExt<'tcx> for InferCtxt<'tcx> {
                     param_env,
                     ty.rebind(ty::TraitPredicate { trait_ref, constness, polarity }),
                 );
-                let ocx = ObligationCtxt::new_in_snapshot(self);
+                let ocx = ObligationCtxt::new(self);
                 ocx.register_obligation(obligation);
                 if ocx.select_all_or_error().is_empty() {
                     return Ok((
@@ -618,6 +632,11 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
         error: &SelectionError<'tcx>,
     ) {
         let tcx = self.tcx;
+
+        if tcx.sess.opts.unstable_opts.dump_solver_proof_tree == DumpSolverProofTree::OnError {
+            dump_proof_tree(root_obligation, self.infcx);
+        }
+
         let mut span = obligation.cause.span;
         // FIXME: statically guarantee this by tainting after the diagnostic is emitted
         self.set_tainted_by_errors(
@@ -640,6 +659,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                         span = obligation.cause.span;
                     }
                 }
+
                 if let ObligationCauseCode::CompareImplItemObligation {
                     impl_item_def_id,
                     trait_item_def_id,
@@ -656,9 +676,16 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                     return;
                 }
 
+                // Report a const-param specific error
+                if let ObligationCauseCode::ConstParam(ty) = *obligation.cause.code().peel_derives()
+                {
+                    self.report_const_param_not_wf(ty, &obligation).emit();
+                    return;
+                }
+
                 let bound_predicate = obligation.predicate.kind();
                 match bound_predicate.skip_binder() {
-                    ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::Trait(trait_predicate)) => {
+                    ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::ClauseKind::Trait(trait_predicate)) => {
                         let trait_predicate = bound_predicate.rebind(trait_predicate);
                         let mut trait_predicate = self.resolve_vars_if_possible(trait_predicate);
 
@@ -724,11 +751,17 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                             == self.tcx.lang_items().transmute_trait()
                         {
                             // Recompute the safe transmute reason and use that for the error reporting
-                            self.get_safe_transmute_error_and_reason(
+                            match self.get_safe_transmute_error_and_reason(
                                 obligation.clone(),
                                 trait_ref,
                                 span,
-                            )
+                            ) {
+                                GetSafeTransmuteErrorAndReason::Silent => return,
+                                GetSafeTransmuteErrorAndReason::Error {
+                                    err_msg,
+                                    safe_transmute_explanation,
+                                } => (err_msg, Some(safe_transmute_explanation)),
+                            }
                         } else {
                             (err_msg, None)
                         };
@@ -940,7 +973,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                             && self.fallback_has_occurred
                         {
                             let predicate = trait_predicate.map_bound(|trait_pred| {
-                                trait_pred.with_self_ty(self.tcx, self.tcx.mk_unit())
+                                trait_pred.with_self_ty(self.tcx, Ty::new_unit(self.tcx))
                             });
                             let unit_obligation = obligation.with(tcx, predicate);
                             if self.predicate_may_hold(&unit_obligation) {
@@ -995,8 +1028,8 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                         span_bug!(span, "coerce requirement gave wrong error: `{:?}`", predicate)
                     }
 
-                    ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::RegionOutlives(..))
-                    | ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::TypeOutlives(..)) => {
+                    ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::ClauseKind::RegionOutlives(..))
+                    | ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::ClauseKind::TypeOutlives(..)) => {
                         span_bug!(
                             span,
                             "outlives clauses should not error outside borrowck. obligation: `{:?}`",
@@ -1004,7 +1037,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                         )
                     }
 
-                    ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::Projection(..)) => {
+                    ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::ClauseKind::Projection(..)) => {
                         span_bug!(
                             span,
                             "projection clauses should be implied from elsewhere. obligation: `{:?}`",
@@ -1022,7 +1055,8 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                         self.report_closure_error(&obligation, closure_def_id, found_kind, kind)
                     }
 
-                    ty::PredicateKind::WellFormed(ty) => {
+                    ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::ClauseKind::WellFormed(ty)) => {
+                        let ty = self.resolve_vars_if_possible(ty);
                         match self.tcx.sess.opts.unstable_opts.trait_solver {
                             TraitSolver::Classic => {
                                 // WF predicates cannot themselves make
@@ -1032,7 +1066,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                                 // (which may fail).
                                 span_bug!(span, "WF predicate not satisfied for {:?}", ty);
                             }
-                            TraitSolver::Chalk | TraitSolver::Next => {
+                            TraitSolver::Next | TraitSolver::NextCoherence => {
                                 // FIXME: we'll need a better message which takes into account
                                 // which bounds actually failed to hold.
                                 self.tcx.sess.struct_span_err(
@@ -1043,7 +1077,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                         }
                     }
 
-                    ty::PredicateKind::ConstEvaluatable(..) => {
+                    ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::ClauseKind::ConstEvaluatable(..)) => {
                         // Errors for `ConstEvaluatable` predicates show up as
                         // `SelectionError::ConstEvalFailure`,
                         // not `Unimplemented`.
@@ -1067,17 +1101,12 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
 
                     ty::PredicateKind::Ambiguous => span_bug!(span, "ambiguous"),
 
-                    ty::PredicateKind::TypeWellFormedFromEnv(..) => span_bug!(
-                        span,
-                        "TypeWellFormedFromEnv predicate should only exist in the environment"
-                    ),
-
                     ty::PredicateKind::AliasRelate(..) => span_bug!(
                         span,
                         "AliasRelate predicate should never be the predicate cause of a SelectionError"
                     ),
 
-                    ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::ConstArgHasType(ct, ty)) => {
+                    ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::ClauseKind::ConstArgHasType(ct, ty)) => {
                         let mut diag = self.tcx.sess.struct_span_err(
                             span,
                             format!("the constant `{}` is not of type `{}`", ct, ty),
@@ -1122,6 +1151,11 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                 }
             }
 
+            SelectionError::OpaqueTypeAutoTraitLeakageUnknown(def_id) => self.report_opaque_type_auto_trait_leakage(
+                &obligation,
+                def_id,
+            ),
+
             TraitNotObjectSafe(did) => {
                 let violations = self.tcx.object_safety_violations(did);
                 report_object_safety_error(self.tcx, span, did, violations)
@@ -1140,16 +1174,10 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
             }
 
             // Already reported in the query.
-            SelectionError::NotConstEvaluatable(NotConstEvaluatable::Error(_)) => {
-                // FIXME(eddyb) remove this once `ErrorGuaranteed` becomes a proof token.
-                self.tcx.sess.delay_span_bug(span, "`ErrorGuaranteed` without an error");
-                return;
-            }
+            SelectionError::NotConstEvaluatable(NotConstEvaluatable::Error(_)) |
             // Already reported.
-            Overflow(OverflowError::Error(_)) => {
-                self.tcx.sess.delay_span_bug(span, "`OverflowError` has been reported");
-                return;
-            }
+            Overflow(OverflowError::Error(_)) => return,
+
             Overflow(_) => {
                 bug!("overflow should be handled before the `report_selection_error` path");
             }
@@ -1162,6 +1190,102 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
         self.point_at_returns_when_relevant(&mut err, &obligation);
         err.emit();
     }
+
+    fn report_const_param_not_wf(
+        &self,
+        ty: Ty<'tcx>,
+        obligation: &PredicateObligation<'tcx>,
+    ) -> DiagnosticBuilder<'tcx, ErrorGuaranteed> {
+        let span = obligation.cause.span;
+
+        let mut diag = match ty.kind() {
+            _ if ty.has_param() => {
+                span_bug!(span, "const param tys cannot mention other generic parameters");
+            }
+            ty::Float(_) => {
+                struct_span_err!(
+                    self.tcx.sess,
+                    span,
+                    E0741,
+                    "`{ty}` is forbidden as the type of a const generic parameter",
+                )
+            }
+            ty::FnPtr(_) => {
+                struct_span_err!(
+                    self.tcx.sess,
+                    span,
+                    E0741,
+                    "using function pointers as const generic parameters is forbidden",
+                )
+            }
+            ty::RawPtr(_) => {
+                struct_span_err!(
+                    self.tcx.sess,
+                    span,
+                    E0741,
+                    "using raw pointers as const generic parameters is forbidden",
+                )
+            }
+            ty::Adt(def, _) => {
+                // We should probably see if we're *allowed* to derive `ConstParamTy` on the type...
+                let mut diag = struct_span_err!(
+                    self.tcx.sess,
+                    span,
+                    E0741,
+                    "`{ty}` must implement `ConstParamTy` to be used as the type of a const generic parameter",
+                );
+                // Only suggest derive if this isn't a derived obligation,
+                // and the struct is local.
+                if let Some(span) = self.tcx.hir().span_if_local(def.did())
+                    && obligation.cause.code().parent().is_none()
+                {
+                    if ty.is_structural_eq_shallow(self.tcx) {
+                        diag.span_suggestion(
+                            span,
+                            "add `#[derive(ConstParamTy)]` to the struct",
+                            "#[derive(ConstParamTy)]\n",
+                            Applicability::MachineApplicable,
+                        );
+                    } else {
+                        // FIXME(adt_const_params): We should check there's not already an
+                        // overlapping `Eq`/`PartialEq` impl.
+                        diag.span_suggestion(
+                            span,
+                            "add `#[derive(ConstParamTy, PartialEq, Eq)]` to the struct",
+                            "#[derive(ConstParamTy, PartialEq, Eq)]\n",
+                            Applicability::MachineApplicable,
+                        );
+                    }
+                }
+                diag
+            }
+            _ => {
+                struct_span_err!(
+                    self.tcx.sess,
+                    span,
+                    E0741,
+                    "`{ty}` can't be used as a const parameter type",
+                )
+            }
+        };
+
+        let mut code = obligation.cause.code();
+        let mut pred = obligation.predicate.to_opt_poly_trait_pred();
+        while let Some((next_code, next_pred)) = code.parent() {
+            if let Some(pred) = pred {
+                let pred = self.instantiate_binder_with_placeholders(pred);
+                diag.note(format!(
+                    "`{}` must implement `{}`, but it does not",
+                    pred.self_ty(),
+                    pred.print_modifiers_and_trait_path()
+                ));
+            }
+            code = next_code;
+            pred = next_pred;
+        }
+
+        diag
+    }
 }
 
 trait InferCtxtPrivExt<'tcx> {
@@ -1292,7 +1416,7 @@ trait InferCtxtPrivExt<'tcx> {
         obligation: PredicateObligation<'tcx>,
         trait_ref: ty::PolyTraitRef<'tcx>,
         span: Span,
-    ) -> (String, Option<String>);
+    ) -> GetSafeTransmuteErrorAndReason;
 
     fn add_tuple_trait_message(
         &self,
@@ -1345,6 +1469,12 @@ trait InferCtxtPrivExt<'tcx> {
         terr: TypeError<'tcx>,
     ) -> DiagnosticBuilder<'tcx, ErrorGuaranteed>;
 
+    fn report_opaque_type_auto_trait_leakage(
+        &self,
+        obligation: &PredicateObligation<'tcx>,
+        def_id: DefId,
+    ) -> DiagnosticBuilder<'tcx, ErrorGuaranteed>;
+
     fn report_type_parameter_mismatch_error(
         &self,
         obligation: &PredicateObligation<'tcx>,
@@ -1372,8 +1502,8 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxtPrivExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
         let bound_error = error.kind();
         let (cond, error) = match (cond.kind().skip_binder(), bound_error.skip_binder()) {
             (
-                ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::Trait(..)),
-                ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::Trait(error)),
+                ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::ClauseKind::Trait(..)),
+                ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::ClauseKind::Trait(error)),
             ) => (cond, bound_error.rebind(error)),
             _ => {
                 // FIXME: make this work in other cases too.
@@ -1383,7 +1513,7 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxtPrivExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
 
         for pred in super::elaborate(self.tcx, std::iter::once(cond)) {
             let bound_predicate = pred.kind();
-            if let ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::Trait(implication)) =
+            if let ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::ClauseKind::Trait(implication)) =
                 bound_predicate.skip_binder()
             {
                 let error = error.to_poly_trait_ref();
@@ -1404,6 +1534,10 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxtPrivExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
 
     #[instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
     fn report_fulfillment_error(&self, error: &FulfillmentError<'tcx>) {
+        if self.tcx.sess.opts.unstable_opts.dump_solver_proof_tree == DumpSolverProofTree::OnError {
+            dump_proof_tree(&error.root_obligation, self.infcx);
+        }
+
         match error.code {
             FulfillmentErrorCode::CodeSelectionError(ref selection_error) => {
                 self.report_selection_error(
@@ -1474,14 +1608,14 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxtPrivExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
         }
 
         self.probe(|_| {
-            let ocx = ObligationCtxt::new_in_snapshot(self);
+            let ocx = ObligationCtxt::new(self);
 
             // try to find the mismatched types to report the error with.
             //
             // this can fail if the problem was higher-ranked, in which
             // cause I have no idea for a good error message.
             let bound_predicate = predicate.kind();
-            let (values, err) = if let ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::Projection(data)) =
+            let (values, err) = if let ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::ClauseKind::Projection(data)) =
                 bound_predicate.skip_binder()
             {
                 let data = self.instantiate_binder_with_fresh_vars(
@@ -1490,20 +1624,21 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxtPrivExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                     bound_predicate.rebind(data),
                 );
                 let unnormalized_term = match data.term.unpack() {
-                    ty::TermKind::Ty(_) => self
-                        .tcx
-                        .mk_projection(data.projection_ty.def_id, data.projection_ty.substs)
-                        .into(),
-                    ty::TermKind::Const(ct) => self
-                        .tcx
-                        .mk_const(
-                            ty::UnevaluatedConst {
-                                def: data.projection_ty.def_id,
-                                substs: data.projection_ty.substs,
-                            },
-                            ct.ty(),
-                        )
-                        .into(),
+                    ty::TermKind::Ty(_) => Ty::new_projection(
+                        self.tcx,
+                        data.projection_ty.def_id,
+                        data.projection_ty.substs,
+                    )
+                    .into(),
+                    ty::TermKind::Const(ct) => ty::Const::new_unevaluated(
+                        self.tcx,
+                        ty::UnevaluatedConst {
+                            def: data.projection_ty.def_id,
+                            substs: data.projection_ty.substs,
+                        },
+                        ct.ty(),
+                    )
+                    .into(),
                 };
                 let normalized_term =
                     ocx.normalize(&obligation.cause, obligation.param_env, unnormalized_term);
@@ -1564,7 +1699,7 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxtPrivExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
             let mut diag = struct_span_err!(self.tcx.sess, obligation.cause.span, E0271, "{msg}");
 
             let secondary_span = (|| {
-                let ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::Projection(proj)) =
+                let ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::ClauseKind::Projection(proj)) =
                     predicate.kind().skip_binder()
                 else {
                     return None;
@@ -1602,7 +1737,7 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxtPrivExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                         }),
                     ) => Some((
                         ty.span,
-                        with_forced_trimmed_paths!(format!(
+                        with_forced_trimmed_paths!(Cow::from(format!(
                             "type mismatch resolving `{}`",
                             self.resolve_vars_if_possible(predicate)
                                 .print(FmtPrinter::new_with_limit(
@@ -1612,7 +1747,7 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxtPrivExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                                 ))
                                 .unwrap()
                                 .into_buffer()
-                        )),
+                        ))),
                     )),
                     _ => None,
                 }
@@ -1702,12 +1837,13 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxtPrivExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                 ty::Alias(ty::Projection, ..) => Some(12),
                 ty::Alias(ty::Inherent, ..) => Some(13),
                 ty::Alias(ty::Opaque, ..) => Some(14),
-                ty::Never => Some(15),
-                ty::Adt(..) => Some(16),
-                ty::Generator(..) => Some(17),
-                ty::Foreign(..) => Some(18),
-                ty::GeneratorWitness(..) => Some(19),
-                ty::GeneratorWitnessMIR(..) => Some(20),
+                ty::Alias(ty::Weak, ..) => Some(15),
+                ty::Never => Some(16),
+                ty::Adt(..) => Some(17),
+                ty::Generator(..) => Some(18),
+                ty::Foreign(..) => Some(19),
+                ty::GeneratorWitness(..) => Some(20),
+                ty::GeneratorWitnessMIR(..) => Some(21),
                 ty::Placeholder(..) | ty::Bound(..) | ty::Infer(..) | ty::Error(_) => None,
             }
         }
@@ -1775,6 +1911,7 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxtPrivExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                     || !trait_pred
                         .skip_binder()
                         .is_constness_satisfied_by(self.tcx.constness(def_id))
+                    || !self.tcx.is_user_visible_dep(def_id.krate)
                 {
                     return None;
                 }
@@ -1803,10 +1940,7 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxtPrivExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
         other: bool,
     ) -> bool {
         let other = if other { "other " } else { "" };
-        let report = |mut candidates: Vec<TraitRef<'tcx>>, err: &mut Diagnostic| {
-            candidates.sort();
-            candidates.dedup();
-            let len = candidates.len();
+        let report = |candidates: Vec<TraitRef<'tcx>>, err: &mut Diagnostic| {
             if candidates.is_empty() {
                 return false;
             }
@@ -1835,11 +1969,14 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxtPrivExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                 candidates.iter().map(|c| c.print_only_trait_path().to_string()).collect();
             traits.sort();
             traits.dedup();
+            // FIXME: this could use a better heuristic, like just checking
+            // that substs[1..] is the same.
+            let all_traits_equal = traits.len() == 1;
 
-            let mut candidates: Vec<String> = candidates
+            let candidates: Vec<String> = candidates
                 .into_iter()
                 .map(|c| {
-                    if traits.len() == 1 {
+                    if all_traits_equal {
                         format!("\n  {}", c.self_ty())
                     } else {
                         format!("\n  {}", c)
@@ -1847,14 +1984,16 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxtPrivExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                 })
                 .collect();
 
-            candidates.sort();
-            candidates.dedup();
             let end = if candidates.len() <= 9 { candidates.len() } else { 8 };
             err.help(format!(
                 "the following {other}types implement trait `{}`:{}{}",
                 trait_ref.print_only_trait_path(),
                 candidates[..end].join(""),
-                if len > 9 { format!("\nand {} others", len - 8) } else { String::new() }
+                if candidates.len() > 9 {
+                    format!("\nand {} others", candidates.len() - 8)
+                } else {
+                    String::new()
+                }
             ));
             true
         };
@@ -1868,7 +2007,7 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxtPrivExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                 // Mentioning implementers of `Copy`, `Debug` and friends is not useful.
                 return false;
             }
-            let normalized_impl_candidates: Vec<_> = self
+            let mut impl_candidates: Vec<_> = self
                 .tcx
                 .all_impls(def_id)
                 // Ignore automatically derived impls and `!Trait` impls.
@@ -1895,7 +2034,10 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxtPrivExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                     }
                 })
                 .collect();
-            return report(normalized_impl_candidates, err);
+
+            impl_candidates.sort();
+            impl_candidates.dedup();
+            return report(impl_candidates, err);
         }
 
         // Sort impl candidates so that ordering is consistent for UI tests.
@@ -1904,27 +2046,25 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxtPrivExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
         //
         // Prefer more similar candidates first, then sort lexicographically
         // by their normalized string representation.
-        let mut normalized_impl_candidates_and_similarities = impl_candidates
+        let mut impl_candidates: Vec<_> = impl_candidates
             .iter()
-            .copied()
-            .map(|ImplCandidate { trait_ref, similarity }| {
-                // FIXME(compiler-errors): This should be using `NormalizeExt::normalize`
-                let normalized = self
-                    .at(&ObligationCause::dummy(), ty::ParamEnv::empty())
-                    .query_normalize(trait_ref)
-                    .map_or(trait_ref, |normalized| normalized.value);
-                (similarity, normalized)
+            .cloned()
+            .map(|mut cand| {
+                // Fold the consts so that they shows up as, e.g., `10`
+                // instead of `core::::array::{impl#30}::{constant#0}`.
+                cand.trait_ref = cand.trait_ref.fold_with(&mut BottomUpFolder {
+                    tcx: self.tcx,
+                    ty_op: |ty| ty,
+                    lt_op: |lt| lt,
+                    ct_op: |ct| ct.eval(self.tcx, ty::ParamEnv::empty()),
+                });
+                cand
             })
-            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
-        normalized_impl_candidates_and_similarities.sort();
-        normalized_impl_candidates_and_similarities.dedup();
-
-        let normalized_impl_candidates = normalized_impl_candidates_and_similarities
-            .into_iter()
-            .map(|(_, normalized)| normalized)
-            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+            .collect();
+        impl_candidates.sort_by_key(|cand| (cand.similarity, cand.trait_ref));
+        impl_candidates.dedup();
 
-        report(normalized_impl_candidates, err)
+        report(impl_candidates.into_iter().map(|cand| cand.trait_ref).collect(), err)
     }
 
     fn report_similar_impl_candidates_for_root_obligation(
@@ -2075,7 +2215,7 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxtPrivExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
 
         let bound_predicate = predicate.kind();
         let mut err = match bound_predicate.skip_binder() {
-            ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::Trait(data)) => {
+            ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::ClauseKind::Trait(data)) => {
                 let trait_ref = bound_predicate.rebind(data.trait_ref);
                 debug!(?trait_ref);
 
@@ -2145,55 +2285,40 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxtPrivExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                     )
                 };
 
-                let obligation = obligation.with(self.tcx, trait_ref);
-                let mut selcx = SelectionContext::new(&self);
-                match selcx.select_from_obligation(&obligation) {
-                    Ok(None) => {
-                        let ambiguities =
-                            ambiguity::recompute_applicable_impls(self.infcx, &obligation);
-                        let has_non_region_infer = trait_ref
-                            .skip_binder()
-                            .substs
-                            .types()
-                            .any(|t| !t.is_ty_or_numeric_infer());
-                        // It doesn't make sense to talk about applicable impls if there are more
-                        // than a handful of them.
-                        if ambiguities.len() > 1 && ambiguities.len() < 10 && has_non_region_infer {
-                            if self.tainted_by_errors().is_some() && subst.is_none() {
-                                // If `subst.is_none()`, then this is probably two param-env
-                                // candidates or impl candidates that are equal modulo lifetimes.
-                                // Therefore, if we've already emitted an error, just skip this
-                                // one, since it's not particularly actionable.
-                                err.cancel();
-                                return;
-                            }
-                            self.annotate_source_of_ambiguity(&mut err, &ambiguities, predicate);
-                        } else {
-                            if self.tainted_by_errors().is_some() {
-                                err.cancel();
-                                return;
-                            }
-                            err.note(format!("cannot satisfy `{}`", predicate));
-                            let impl_candidates = self.find_similar_impl_candidates(
-                                predicate.to_opt_poly_trait_pred().unwrap(),
-                            );
-                            if impl_candidates.len() < 10 {
-                                self.report_similar_impl_candidates(
-                                    impl_candidates.as_slice(),
-                                    trait_ref,
-                                    obligation.cause.body_id,
-                                    &mut err,
-                                    false,
-                                );
-                            }
-                        }
+                let ambiguities = ambiguity::recompute_applicable_impls(
+                    self.infcx,
+                    &obligation.with(self.tcx, trait_ref),
+                );
+                let has_non_region_infer =
+                    trait_ref.skip_binder().substs.types().any(|t| !t.is_ty_or_numeric_infer());
+                // It doesn't make sense to talk about applicable impls if there are more
+                // than a handful of them.
+                if ambiguities.len() > 1 && ambiguities.len() < 10 && has_non_region_infer {
+                    if self.tainted_by_errors().is_some() && subst.is_none() {
+                        // If `subst.is_none()`, then this is probably two param-env
+                        // candidates or impl candidates that are equal modulo lifetimes.
+                        // Therefore, if we've already emitted an error, just skip this
+                        // one, since it's not particularly actionable.
+                        err.cancel();
+                        return;
                     }
-                    _ => {
-                        if self.tainted_by_errors().is_some() {
-                            err.cancel();
-                            return;
-                        }
-                        err.note(format!("cannot satisfy `{}`", predicate));
+                    self.annotate_source_of_ambiguity(&mut err, &ambiguities, predicate);
+                } else {
+                    if self.tainted_by_errors().is_some() {
+                        err.cancel();
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    err.note(format!("cannot satisfy `{}`", predicate));
+                    let impl_candidates = self
+                        .find_similar_impl_candidates(predicate.to_opt_poly_trait_pred().unwrap());
+                    if impl_candidates.len() < 10 {
+                        self.report_similar_impl_candidates(
+                            impl_candidates.as_slice(),
+                            trait_ref,
+                            obligation.cause.body_id,
+                            &mut err,
+                            false,
+                        );
                     }
                 }
 
@@ -2258,17 +2383,21 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxtPrivExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                             && let Some(impl_def_id) = trait_impls.non_blanket_impls().values().flatten().next()
                         {
                             let non_blanket_impl_count = trait_impls.non_blanket_impls().values().flatten().count();
-                            let message = if non_blanket_impl_count == 1 {
-                                "use the fully-qualified path to the only available implementation".to_string()
-                            } else {
+                            // If there is only one implementation of the trait, suggest using it.
+                            // Otherwise, use a placeholder comment for the implementation.
+                            let (message, impl_suggestion) = if non_blanket_impl_count == 1 {(
+                                "use the fully-qualified path to the only available implementation".to_string(),
+                                format!("<{} as ", self.tcx.type_of(impl_def_id).subst_identity())
+                            )} else {(
                                 format!(
                                     "use a fully-qualified path to a specific available implementation ({} found)",
                                     non_blanket_impl_count
-                                )
-                            };
+                                ),
+                                "</* self type */ as ".to_string()
+                            )};
                             let mut suggestions = vec![(
                                 path.span.shrink_to_lo(),
-                                format!("<{} as ", self.tcx.type_of(impl_def_id).subst_identity())
+                                impl_suggestion
                             )];
                             if let Some(generic_arg) = trait_path_segment.args {
                                 let between_span = trait_path_segment.ident.span.between(generic_arg.span_ext);
@@ -2291,7 +2420,7 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxtPrivExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                 err
             }
 
-            ty::PredicateKind::WellFormed(arg) => {
+            ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::ClauseKind::WellFormed(arg)) => {
                 // Same hacky approach as above to avoid deluging user
                 // with error messages.
                 if arg.references_error()
@@ -2329,7 +2458,7 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxtPrivExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                     true,
                 )
             }
-            ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::Projection(data)) => {
+            ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::ClauseKind::Projection(data)) => {
                 if predicate.references_error() || self.tainted_by_errors().is_some() {
                     return;
                 }
@@ -2363,7 +2492,7 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxtPrivExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                 }
             }
 
-            ty::PredicateKind::ConstEvaluatable(data) => {
+            ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::ClauseKind::ConstEvaluatable(data)) => {
                 if predicate.references_error() || self.tainted_by_errors().is_some() {
                     return;
                 }
@@ -2526,11 +2655,11 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxtPrivExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
             }
 
             fn fold_ty(&mut self, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> Ty<'tcx> {
-                if let ty::Param(ty::ParamTy { name, .. }) = *ty.kind() {
+                if let ty::Param(_) = *ty.kind() {
                     let infcx = self.infcx;
                     *self.var_map.entry(ty).or_insert_with(|| {
                         infcx.next_ty_var(TypeVariableOrigin {
-                            kind: TypeVariableOriginKind::TypeParameterDefinition(name, None),
+                            kind: TypeVariableOriginKind::MiscVariable,
                             span: DUMMY_SP,
                         })
                     })
@@ -2577,7 +2706,7 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxtPrivExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
         err: &mut Diagnostic,
         obligation: &PredicateObligation<'tcx>,
     ) {
-        let ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::Trait(pred)) = obligation.predicate.kind().skip_binder() else { return; };
+        let ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::ClauseKind::Trait(pred)) = obligation.predicate.kind().skip_binder() else { return; };
         let (ObligationCauseCode::BindingObligation(item_def_id, span)
         | ObligationCauseCode::ExprBindingObligation(item_def_id, span, ..))
             = *obligation.cause.code().peel_derives() else { return; };
@@ -2738,7 +2867,9 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxtPrivExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
         obligation: PredicateObligation<'tcx>,
         trait_ref: ty::PolyTraitRef<'tcx>,
         span: Span,
-    ) -> (String, Option<String>) {
+    ) -> GetSafeTransmuteErrorAndReason {
+        use rustc_transmute::Answer;
+
         // Erase regions because layout code doesn't particularly care about regions.
         let trait_ref = self.tcx.erase_regions(self.tcx.erase_late_bound_regions(trait_ref));
 
@@ -2751,19 +2882,20 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxtPrivExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
             rustc_transmute::Assume::from_const(self.infcx.tcx, obligation.param_env, trait_ref.substs.const_at(3)) else {
                 span_bug!(span, "Unable to construct rustc_transmute::Assume where it was previously possible");
             };
+
         match rustc_transmute::TransmuteTypeEnv::new(self.infcx).is_transmutable(
             obligation.cause,
             src_and_dst,
             scope,
             assume,
         ) {
-            rustc_transmute::Answer::No(reason) => {
+            Answer::No(reason) => {
                 let dst = trait_ref.substs.type_at(0);
                 let src = trait_ref.substs.type_at(1);
-                let custom_err_msg = format!(
+                let err_msg = format!(
                     "`{src}` cannot be safely transmuted into `{dst}` in the defining scope of `{scope}`"
                 );
-                let reason_msg = match reason {
+                let safe_transmute_explanation = match reason {
                     rustc_transmute::Reason::SrcIsUnspecified => {
                         format!("`{src}` does not have a well-specified layout")
                     }
@@ -2779,19 +2911,39 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxtPrivExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                     rustc_transmute::Reason::DstIsPrivate => format!(
                         "`{dst}` is or contains a type or field that is not visible in that scope"
                     ),
-                    // FIXME(bryangarza): Include the number of bytes of src and dst
                     rustc_transmute::Reason::DstIsTooBig => {
                         format!("The size of `{src}` is smaller than the size of `{dst}`")
                     }
+                    rustc_transmute::Reason::DstHasStricterAlignment {
+                        src_min_align,
+                        dst_min_align,
+                    } => {
+                        format!(
+                            "The minimum alignment of `{src}` ({src_min_align}) should be greater than that of `{dst}` ({dst_min_align})"
+                        )
+                    }
+                    rustc_transmute::Reason::DstIsMoreUnique => {
+                        format!("`{src}` is a shared reference, but `{dst}` is a unique reference")
+                    }
+                    // Already reported by rustc
+                    rustc_transmute::Reason::TypeError => {
+                        return GetSafeTransmuteErrorAndReason::Silent;
+                    }
+                    rustc_transmute::Reason::SrcLayoutUnknown => {
+                        format!("`{src}` has an unknown layout")
+                    }
+                    rustc_transmute::Reason::DstLayoutUnknown => {
+                        format!("`{dst}` has an unknown layout")
+                    }
                 };
-                (custom_err_msg, Some(reason_msg))
+                GetSafeTransmuteErrorAndReason::Error { err_msg, safe_transmute_explanation }
             }
             // Should never get a Yes at this point! We already ran it before, and did not get a Yes.
-            rustc_transmute::Answer::Yes => span_bug!(
+            Answer::Yes => span_bug!(
                 span,
                 "Inconsistent rustc_transmute::is_transmutable(...) result, got Yes",
             ),
-            _ => span_bug!(span, "Unsupported rustc_transmute::Reason variant"),
+            other => span_bug!(span, "Unsupported rustc_transmute::Answer variant: `{other:?}`"),
         }
     }
 
@@ -3049,6 +3201,39 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxtPrivExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
         )
     }
 
+    fn report_opaque_type_auto_trait_leakage(
+        &self,
+        obligation: &PredicateObligation<'tcx>,
+        def_id: DefId,
+    ) -> DiagnosticBuilder<'tcx, ErrorGuaranteed> {
+        let name = match self.tcx.opaque_type_origin(def_id.expect_local()) {
+            hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::FnReturn(_) | hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::AsyncFn(_) => {
+                format!("opaque type")
+            }
+            hir::OpaqueTyOrigin::TyAlias { .. } => {
+                format!("`{}`", self.tcx.def_path_debug_str(def_id))
+            }
+        };
+        let mut err = self.tcx.sess.struct_span_err(
+            obligation.cause.span,
+            format!("cannot check whether the hidden type of {name} satisfies auto traits"),
+        );
+        err.span_note(self.tcx.def_span(def_id), "opaque type is declared here");
+        match self.defining_use_anchor {
+            DefiningAnchor::Bubble | DefiningAnchor::Error => {}
+            DefiningAnchor::Bind(bind) => {
+                err.span_note(
+                    self.tcx.def_ident_span(bind).unwrap_or_else(|| self.tcx.def_span(bind)),
+                    "this item depends on auto traits of the hidden type, \
+                    but may also be registering the hidden type. \
+                    This is not supported right now. \
+                    You can try moving the opaque type and the item that actually registers a hidden type into a new submodule".to_string(),
+                );
+            }
+        };
+        err
+    }
+
     fn report_type_parameter_mismatch_error(
         &self,
         obligation: &PredicateObligation<'tcx>,
@@ -3178,7 +3363,7 @@ impl<'tcx> InferCtxtPrivExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
         }
 
         match obligation.predicate.kind().skip_binder() {
-            ty::PredicateKind::ConstEvaluatable(ct) => {
+            ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::ClauseKind::ConstEvaluatable(ct)) => {
                 let ty::ConstKind::Unevaluated(uv) = ct.kind() else {
                     bug!("const evaluatable failed for non-unevaluated const `{ct:?}`");
                 };
@@ -3360,3 +3545,16 @@ pub enum DefIdOrName {
     DefId(DefId),
     Name(&'static str),
 }
+
+pub fn dump_proof_tree<'tcx>(o: &Obligation<'tcx, ty::Predicate<'tcx>>, infcx: &InferCtxt<'tcx>) {
+    infcx.probe(|_| {
+        let goal = Goal { predicate: o.predicate, param_env: o.param_env };
+        let tree = infcx
+            .evaluate_root_goal(goal, GenerateProofTree::Yes(UseGlobalCache::No))
+            .1
+            .expect("proof tree should have been generated");
+        let mut lock = std::io::stdout().lock();
+        let _ = lock.write_fmt(format_args!("{tree:?}"));
+        let _ = lock.flush();
+    });
+}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/on_unimplemented.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/on_unimplemented.rs
index 10bd027b6..b16d2eb5f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/on_unimplemented.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/on_unimplemented.rs
@@ -41,7 +41,6 @@ pub trait TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> {
 static ALLOWED_FORMAT_SYMBOLS: &[Symbol] = &[
     kw::SelfUpper,
     sym::ItemContext,
-    sym::from_method,
     sym::from_desugaring,
     sym::direct,
     sym::cause,
@@ -172,23 +171,6 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
             }
         }
 
-        if let ObligationCauseCode::ItemObligation(item)
-        | ObligationCauseCode::BindingObligation(item, _)
-        | ObligationCauseCode::ExprItemObligation(item, ..)
-        | ObligationCauseCode::ExprBindingObligation(item, ..) = *obligation.cause.code()
-        {
-            // FIXME: maybe also have some way of handling methods
-            // from other traits? That would require name resolution,
-            // which we might want to be some sort of hygienic.
-            //
-            // Currently I'm leaving it for what I need for `try`.
-            if self.tcx.trait_of_item(item) == Some(trait_ref.def_id) {
-                let method = self.tcx.item_name(item);
-                flags.push((sym::from_method, None));
-                flags.push((sym::from_method, Some(method.to_string())));
-            }
-        }
-
         if let Some(k) = obligation.cause.span.desugaring_kind() {
             flags.push((sym::from_desugaring, None));
             flags.push((sym::from_desugaring, Some(format!("{:?}", k))));
@@ -278,7 +260,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
             // Arrays give us `[]`, `[{ty}; _]` and `[{ty}; N]`
             if let ty::Array(aty, len) = self_ty.kind() {
                 flags.push((sym::_Self, Some("[]".to_string())));
-                let len = len.kind().try_to_value().and_then(|v| v.try_to_target_usize(self.tcx));
+                let len = len.try_to_value().and_then(|v| v.try_to_target_usize(self.tcx));
                 flags.push((sym::_Self, Some(format!("[{}; _]", aty))));
                 if let Some(n) = len {
                     flags.push((sym::_Self, Some(format!("[{}; {}]", aty, n))));
@@ -672,7 +654,7 @@ impl<'tcx> OnUnimplementedFormatString {
                             None => {
                                 if let Some(val) = options.get(&s) {
                                     val
-                                } else if s == sym::from_desugaring || s == sym::from_method {
+                                } else if s == sym::from_desugaring {
                                     // don't break messages using these two arguments incorrectly
                                     &empty_string
                                 } else if s == sym::ItemContext {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/suggestions.rs b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/suggestions.rs
index 82bad96ea..9ac1ba027 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/suggestions.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_trait_selection/src/traits/error_reporting/suggestions.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashSet;
 use rustc_data_structures::stack::ensure_sufficient_stack;
 use rustc_errors::{
     error_code, pluralize, struct_span_err, Applicability, Diagnostic, DiagnosticBuilder,
-    ErrorGuaranteed, MultiSpan, Style,
+    ErrorGuaranteed, MultiSpan, Style, SuggestionStyle,
 };
 use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::def::DefKind;
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ use rustc_span::def_id::LocalDefId;
 use rustc_span::symbol::{sym, Ident, Symbol};
 use rustc_span::{BytePos, DesugaringKind, ExpnKind, MacroKind, Span, DUMMY_SP};
 use rustc_target::spec::abi;
+use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::iter;
 use std::ops::Deref;
 
@@ -186,7 +187,12 @@ pub trait TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> {
         trait_pred: ty::PolyTraitPredicate<'tcx>,
     ) -> bool;
 
-    fn get_closure_name(&self, def_id: DefId, err: &mut Diagnostic, msg: &str) -> Option<Symbol>;
+    fn get_closure_name(
+        &self,
+        def_id: DefId,
+        err: &mut Diagnostic,
+        msg: Cow<'static, str>,
+    ) -> Option<Symbol>;
 
     fn suggest_fn_call(
         &self,
@@ -356,6 +362,15 @@ pub trait TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> {
         err: &mut Diagnostic,
         trait_pred: ty::PolyTraitPredicate<'tcx>,
     );
+
+    fn suggest_option_method_if_applicable(
+        &self,
+        failed_pred: ty::Predicate<'tcx>,
+        param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>,
+        err: &mut Diagnostic,
+        expr: &hir::Expr<'_>,
+    );
+
     fn note_function_argument_obligation(
         &self,
         body_id: LocalDefId,
@@ -771,7 +786,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                 if let Some(steps) =
                     autoderef.into_iter().enumerate().find_map(|(steps, (ty, obligations))| {
                         // Re-add the `&`
-                        let ty = self.tcx.mk_ref(region, TypeAndMut { ty, mutbl });
+                        let ty = Ty::new_ref(self.tcx, region, TypeAndMut { ty, mutbl });
 
                         // Remapping bound vars here
                         let real_trait_pred_and_ty =
@@ -857,7 +872,12 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
     /// Given a closure's `DefId`, return the given name of the closure.
     ///
     /// This doesn't account for reassignments, but it's only used for suggestions.
-    fn get_closure_name(&self, def_id: DefId, err: &mut Diagnostic, msg: &str) -> Option<Symbol> {
+    fn get_closure_name(
+        &self,
+        def_id: DefId,
+        err: &mut Diagnostic,
+        msg: Cow<'static, str>,
+    ) -> Option<Symbol> {
         let get_name = |err: &mut Diagnostic, kind: &hir::PatKind<'_>| -> Option<Symbol> {
             // Get the local name of this closure. This can be inaccurate because
             // of the possibility of reassignment, but this should be good enough.
@@ -900,7 +920,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
             return false;
         }
 
-        if let ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::Trait(trait_pred)) = obligation.predicate.kind().skip_binder()
+        if let ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::ClauseKind::Trait(trait_pred)) = obligation.predicate.kind().skip_binder()
             && Some(trait_pred.def_id()) == self.tcx.lang_items().sized_trait()
         {
             // Don't suggest calling to turn an unsized type into a sized type
@@ -934,17 +954,17 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
         let msg = match def_id_or_name {
             DefIdOrName::DefId(def_id) => match self.tcx.def_kind(def_id) {
                 DefKind::Ctor(CtorOf::Struct, _) => {
-                    "use parentheses to construct this tuple struct".to_string()
+                    Cow::from("use parentheses to construct this tuple struct")
                 }
                 DefKind::Ctor(CtorOf::Variant, _) => {
-                    "use parentheses to construct this tuple variant".to_string()
+                    Cow::from("use parentheses to construct this tuple variant")
                 }
-                kind => format!(
+                kind => Cow::from(format!(
                     "use parentheses to call this {}",
                     self.tcx.def_kind_descr(kind, def_id)
-                ),
+                )),
             },
-            DefIdOrName::Name(name) => format!("use parentheses to call this {name}"),
+            DefIdOrName::Name(name) => Cow::from(format!("use parentheses to call this {name}")),
         };
 
         let args = inputs
@@ -979,7 +999,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                     ..
                 })) => {
                     err.span_label(*fn_decl_span, "consider calling this closure");
-                    let Some(name) = self.get_closure_name(def_id, err, &msg) else {
+                    let Some(name) = self.get_closure_name(def_id, err, msg.clone()) else {
                         return false;
                     };
                     name.to_string()
@@ -1137,7 +1157,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                 }
                 ty::Alias(ty::Opaque, ty::AliasTy { def_id, substs, .. }) => {
                     self.tcx.item_bounds(def_id).subst(self.tcx, substs).iter().find_map(|pred| {
-                        if let ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::Projection(proj)) = pred.kind().skip_binder()
+                        if let ty::ClauseKind::Projection(proj) = pred.kind().skip_binder()
                         && Some(proj.projection_ty.def_id) == self.tcx.lang_items().fn_once_output()
                         // args tuple will always be substs[1]
                         && let ty::Tuple(args) = proj.projection_ty.substs.type_at(1).kind()
@@ -1181,7 +1201,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                         DefIdOrName::Name("type parameter")
                     };
                     param_env.caller_bounds().iter().find_map(|pred| {
-                        if let ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::Projection(proj)) = pred.kind().skip_binder()
+                        if let ty::ClauseKind::Projection(proj) = pred.kind().skip_binder()
                         && Some(proj.projection_ty.def_id) == self.tcx.lang_items().fn_once_output()
                         && proj.projection_ty.self_ty() == found
                         // args tuple will always be substs[1]
@@ -1278,13 +1298,13 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
             let trait_pred_and_imm_ref = old_pred.map_bound(|trait_pred| {
                 (
                     trait_pred,
-                    self.tcx.mk_imm_ref(self.tcx.lifetimes.re_static, trait_pred.self_ty()),
+                    Ty::new_imm_ref(self.tcx, self.tcx.lifetimes.re_static, trait_pred.self_ty()),
                 )
             });
             let trait_pred_and_mut_ref = old_pred.map_bound(|trait_pred| {
                 (
                     trait_pred,
-                    self.tcx.mk_mut_ref(self.tcx.lifetimes.re_static, trait_pred.self_ty()),
+                    Ty::new_mut_ref(self.tcx, self.tcx.lifetimes.re_static, trait_pred.self_ty()),
                 )
             });
 
@@ -1341,7 +1361,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                         err.note(msg);
                     } else {
                         err.message =
-                            vec![(rustc_errors::DiagnosticMessage::Str(msg), Style::NoStyle)];
+                            vec![(rustc_errors::DiagnosticMessage::from(msg), Style::NoStyle)];
                     }
                     err.span_label(
                         span,
@@ -1445,7 +1465,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
     ) {
         let ty::Ref(_, object_ty, hir::Mutability::Not) = target_ty.kind() else { return; };
         let ty::Dynamic(predicates, _, ty::Dyn) = object_ty.kind() else { return; };
-        let self_ref_ty = self.tcx.mk_imm_ref(self.tcx.lifetimes.re_erased, self_ty);
+        let self_ref_ty = Ty::new_imm_ref(self.tcx, self.tcx.lifetimes.re_erased, self_ty);
 
         for predicate in predicates.iter() {
             if !self.predicate_must_hold_modulo_regions(
@@ -1619,7 +1639,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
             }
             // FIXME: account for associated `async fn`s.
             if let hir::Expr { span, kind: hir::ExprKind::Call(base, _), .. } = expr {
-                if let ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::Trait(pred)) =
+                if let ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::ClauseKind::Trait(pred)) =
                     obligation.predicate.kind().skip_binder()
                 {
                     err.span_label(*span, format!("this call returns `{}`", pred.self_ty()));
@@ -1686,8 +1706,8 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
             if let ty::Ref(region, t_type, mutability) = *trait_pred.skip_binder().self_ty().kind()
             {
                 let suggested_ty = match mutability {
-                    hir::Mutability::Mut => self.tcx.mk_imm_ref(region, t_type),
-                    hir::Mutability::Not => self.tcx.mk_mut_ref(region, t_type),
+                    hir::Mutability::Mut => Ty::new_imm_ref(self.tcx, region, t_type),
+                    hir::Mutability::Not => Ty::new_mut_ref(self.tcx, region, t_type),
                 };
 
                 // Remapping bound vars here
@@ -1931,7 +1951,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                 ),
             };
 
-            infcx.tcx.mk_fn_ptr(trait_ref.rebind(sig))
+            Ty::new_fn_ptr(infcx.tcx, trait_ref.rebind(sig))
         }
 
         let argument_kind = match expected.skip_binder().self_ty().kind() {
@@ -1981,7 +2001,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
         if let ObligationCauseCode::ExprBindingObligation(def_id, _, _, idx) = cause
             && let predicates = self.tcx.predicates_of(def_id).instantiate_identity(self.tcx)
             && let Some(pred) = predicates.predicates.get(*idx)
-            && let ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::Trait(trait_pred)) = pred.kind().skip_binder()
+            && let ty::ClauseKind::Trait(trait_pred) = pred.kind().skip_binder()
             && self.tcx.is_fn_trait(trait_pred.def_id())
         {
             let expected_self =
@@ -1995,7 +2015,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
             let other_pred = predicates.into_iter()
                 .enumerate()
                 .find(|(other_idx, (pred, _))| match pred.kind().skip_binder() {
-                    ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::Trait(trait_pred))
+                    ty::ClauseKind::Trait(trait_pred)
                         if self.tcx.is_fn_trait(trait_pred.def_id())
                             && other_idx != idx
                             // Make sure that the self type matches
@@ -2121,7 +2141,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
         // bound was introduced. At least one generator should be present for this diagnostic to be
         // modified.
         let (mut trait_ref, mut target_ty) = match obligation.predicate.kind().skip_binder() {
-            ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::Trait(p)) => (Some(p), Some(p.self_ty())),
+            ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::ClauseKind::Trait(p)) => (Some(p), Some(p.self_ty())),
             _ => (None, None),
         };
         let mut generator = None;
@@ -2643,8 +2663,15 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
             | ObligationCauseCode::LetElse
             | ObligationCauseCode::BinOp { .. }
             | ObligationCauseCode::AscribeUserTypeProvePredicate(..)
-            | ObligationCauseCode::RustCall
-            | ObligationCauseCode::DropImpl => {}
+            | ObligationCauseCode::DropImpl
+            | ObligationCauseCode::ConstParam(_) => {}
+            ObligationCauseCode::RustCall => {
+                if let Some(pred) = predicate.to_opt_poly_trait_pred()
+                    && Some(pred.def_id()) == self.tcx.lang_items().sized_trait()
+                {
+                    err.note("argument required to be sized due to `extern \"rust-call\"` ABI");
+                }
+            }
             ObligationCauseCode::SliceOrArrayElem => {
                 err.note("slice and array elements must have `Sized` type");
             }
@@ -2697,6 +2724,32 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                     let msg = format!("required by this bound in `{short_item_name}`");
                     multispan.push_span_label(span, msg);
                     err.span_note(multispan, descr);
+                    if let ty::PredicateKind::Clause(clause) = predicate.kind().skip_binder()
+                        && let ty::ClauseKind::Trait(trait_pred) = clause
+                    {
+                        let def_id = trait_pred.def_id();
+                        let visible_item = if let Some(local) = def_id.as_local() {
+                            // Check for local traits being reachable.
+                            let vis = &self.tcx.resolutions(()).effective_visibilities;
+                            // Account for non-`pub` traits in the root of the local crate.
+                            let is_locally_reachable = self.tcx.parent(def_id).is_crate_root();
+                            vis.is_reachable(local) || is_locally_reachable
+                        } else {
+                            // Check for foreign traits being reachable.
+                            self.tcx.visible_parent_map(()).get(&def_id).is_some()
+                        };
+                        if let DefKind::Trait = tcx.def_kind(item_def_id) && !visible_item {
+                            // FIXME(estebank): extend this to search for all the types that do
+                            // implement this trait and list them.
+                            err.note(format!(
+                                "`{short_item_name}` is a \"sealed trait\", because to implement \
+                                 it you also need to implelement `{}`, which is not accessible; \
+                                 this is usually done to force you to use one of the provided \
+                                 types that already implement it",
+                                with_no_trimmed_paths!(tcx.def_path_str(def_id)),
+                            ));
+                        }
+                    }
                 } else {
                     err.span_note(tcx.def_span(item_def_id), descr);
                 }
@@ -2786,10 +2839,10 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                     err.help("unsized locals are gated as an unstable feature");
                 }
             }
-            ObligationCauseCode::SizedArgumentType(sp) => {
-                if let Some(span) = sp {
+            ObligationCauseCode::SizedArgumentType(ty_span) => {
+                if let Some(span) = ty_span {
                     if let ty::PredicateKind::Clause(clause) = predicate.kind().skip_binder()
-                        && let ty::Clause::Trait(trait_pred) = clause
+                        && let ty::ClauseKind::Trait(trait_pred) = clause
                         && let ty::Dynamic(..) = trait_pred.self_ty().kind()
                     {
                         let span = if let Ok(snippet) = self.tcx.sess.source_map().span_to_snippet(span)
@@ -2958,7 +3011,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                                 for ty in bound_tys.skip_binder() {
                                     with_forced_trimmed_paths!(write!(msg, "`{}`, ", ty).unwrap());
                                 }
-                                err.note(msg.trim_end_matches(", "))
+                                err.note(msg.trim_end_matches(", ").to_string())
                             }
                             ty::GeneratorWitnessMIR(def_id, substs) => {
                                 use std::fmt::Write;
@@ -2972,7 +3025,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                                     let ty = bty.subst(tcx, substs);
                                     write!(msg, "`{}`, ", ty).unwrap();
                                 }
-                                err.note(msg.trim_end_matches(", "))
+                                err.note(msg.trim_end_matches(", ").to_string())
                             }
                             ty::Generator(def_id, _, _) => {
                                 let sp = self.tcx.def_span(def_id);
@@ -3171,6 +3224,29 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                     )
                 });
             }
+            ObligationCauseCode::TypeAlias(ref nested, span, def_id) => {
+                // #74711: avoid a stack overflow
+                ensure_sufficient_stack(|| {
+                    self.note_obligation_cause_code(
+                        body_id,
+                        err,
+                        predicate,
+                        param_env,
+                        nested,
+                        obligated_types,
+                        seen_requirements,
+                    )
+                });
+                let mut multispan = MultiSpan::from(span);
+                multispan.push_span_label(span, "required by this bound");
+                err.span_note(
+                    multispan,
+                    format!(
+                        "required by a bound on the type alias `{}`",
+                        self.infcx.tcx.item_name(def_id)
+                    ),
+                );
+            }
             ObligationCauseCode::FunctionArgumentObligation {
                 arg_hir_id,
                 call_hir_id,
@@ -3271,7 +3347,8 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                 let item_def_id = self.tcx.associated_item_def_ids(future_trait)[0];
                 // `<T as Future>::Output`
                 let projection_ty = trait_pred.map_bound(|trait_pred| {
-                    self.tcx.mk_projection(
+                    Ty::new_projection(
+                        self.tcx,
                         item_def_id,
                         // Future::Output has no substs
                         [trait_pred.self_ty()],
@@ -3425,7 +3502,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
         {
             if let hir::Expr { kind: hir::ExprKind::Block(..), .. } = expr {
                 let expr = expr.peel_blocks();
-                let ty = typeck_results.expr_ty_adjusted_opt(expr).unwrap_or(tcx.ty_error_misc());
+                let ty = typeck_results.expr_ty_adjusted_opt(expr).unwrap_or(Ty::new_misc_error(tcx,));
                 let span = expr.span;
                 if Some(span) != err.span.primary_span() {
                     err.span_label(
@@ -3450,7 +3527,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                 && let where_clauses = self.tcx.predicates_of(def_id).instantiate(self.tcx, node_substs)
                 && let Some(where_pred) = where_clauses.predicates.get(*idx)
             {
-                if let Some(where_pred) = where_pred.to_opt_poly_trait_pred()
+                if let Some(where_pred) = where_pred.as_trait_clause()
                     && let Some(failed_pred) = failed_pred.to_opt_poly_trait_pred()
                 {
                     let where_pred = self.instantiate_binder_with_placeholders(where_pred);
@@ -3473,13 +3550,13 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                             }
                         })
                     };
-                } else if let Some(where_pred) = where_pred.to_opt_poly_projection_pred()
+                } else if let Some(where_pred) = where_pred.as_projection_clause()
                     && let Some(failed_pred) = failed_pred.to_opt_poly_projection_pred()
                     && let Some(found) = failed_pred.skip_binder().term.ty()
                 {
                     type_diffs = vec![
                         Sorts(ty::error::ExpectedFound {
-                            expected: self.tcx.mk_alias(ty::Projection, where_pred.skip_binder().projection_ty),
+                            expected: Ty::new_alias(self.tcx,ty::Projection, where_pred.skip_binder().projection_ty),
                             found,
                         }),
                     ];
@@ -3509,15 +3586,93 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                 err.replace_span_with(path.ident.span, true);
             }
         }
-        if let Some(Node::Expr(hir::Expr {
-            kind:
-                hir::ExprKind::Call(hir::Expr { span, .. }, _)
-                | hir::ExprKind::MethodCall(hir::PathSegment { ident: Ident { span, .. }, .. }, ..),
-            ..
-        })) = hir.find(call_hir_id)
+
+        if let Some(Node::Expr(expr)) = hir.find(call_hir_id) {
+            if let hir::ExprKind::Call(hir::Expr { span, .. }, _)
+            | hir::ExprKind::MethodCall(
+                hir::PathSegment { ident: Ident { span, .. }, .. },
+                ..,
+            ) = expr.kind
+            {
+                if Some(*span) != err.span.primary_span() {
+                    err.span_label(*span, "required by a bound introduced by this call");
+                }
+            }
+
+            if let hir::ExprKind::MethodCall(_, expr, ..) = expr.kind {
+                self.suggest_option_method_if_applicable(failed_pred, param_env, err, expr);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn suggest_option_method_if_applicable(
+        &self,
+        failed_pred: ty::Predicate<'tcx>,
+        param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>,
+        err: &mut Diagnostic,
+        expr: &hir::Expr<'_>,
+    ) {
+        let tcx = self.tcx;
+        let infcx = self.infcx;
+        let Some(typeck_results) = self.typeck_results.as_ref() else { return };
+
+        // Make sure we're dealing with the `Option` type.
+        let Some(option_ty_adt) = typeck_results.expr_ty_adjusted(expr).ty_adt_def() else { return };
+        if !tcx.is_diagnostic_item(sym::Option, option_ty_adt.did()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Given the predicate `fn(&T): FnOnce<(U,)>`, extract `fn(&T)` and `(U,)`,
+        // then suggest `Option::as_deref(_mut)` if `U` can deref to `T`
+        if let ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::ClauseKind::Trait(ty::TraitPredicate { trait_ref, .. }))
+            = failed_pred.kind().skip_binder()
+            && tcx.is_fn_trait(trait_ref.def_id)
+            && let [self_ty, found_ty] = trait_ref.substs.as_slice()
+            && let Some(fn_ty) = self_ty.as_type().filter(|ty| ty.is_fn())
+            && let fn_sig @ ty::FnSig {
+                abi: abi::Abi::Rust,
+                c_variadic: false,
+                unsafety: hir::Unsafety::Normal,
+                ..
+            } = fn_ty.fn_sig(tcx).skip_binder()
+
+            // Extract first param of fn sig with peeled refs, e.g. `fn(&T)` -> `T`
+            && let Some(&ty::Ref(_, target_ty, needs_mut)) = fn_sig.inputs().first().map(|t| t.kind())
+            && !target_ty.has_escaping_bound_vars()
+
+            // Extract first tuple element out of fn trait, e.g. `FnOnce<(U,)>` -> `U`
+            && let Some(ty::Tuple(tys)) = found_ty.as_type().map(Ty::kind)
+            && let &[found_ty] = tys.as_slice()
+            && !found_ty.has_escaping_bound_vars()
+
+            // Extract `<U as Deref>::Target` assoc type and check that it is `T`
+            && let Some(deref_target_did) = tcx.lang_items().deref_target()
+            && let projection = Ty::new_projection(tcx,deref_target_did, tcx.mk_substs(&[ty::GenericArg::from(found_ty)]))
+            && let InferOk { value: deref_target, obligations } = infcx.at(&ObligationCause::dummy(), param_env).normalize(projection)
+            && obligations.iter().all(|obligation| infcx.predicate_must_hold_modulo_regions(obligation))
+            && infcx.can_eq(param_env, deref_target, target_ty)
         {
-            if Some(*span) != err.span.primary_span() {
-                err.span_label(*span, "required by a bound introduced by this call");
+            let help = if let hir::Mutability::Mut = needs_mut
+                && let Some(deref_mut_did) = tcx.lang_items().deref_mut_trait()
+                && infcx
+                    .type_implements_trait(deref_mut_did, iter::once(found_ty), param_env)
+                    .must_apply_modulo_regions()
+            {
+                Some(("call `Option::as_deref_mut()` first", ".as_deref_mut()"))
+            } else if let hir::Mutability::Not = needs_mut {
+                Some(("call `Option::as_deref()` first", ".as_deref()"))
+            } else {
+                None
+            };
+
+            if let Some((msg, sugg)) = help {
+                err.span_suggestion_with_style(
+                    expr.span.shrink_to_hi(),
+                    msg,
+                    sugg,
+                    Applicability::MaybeIncorrect,
+                    SuggestionStyle::ShowAlways
+                );
             }
         }
     }
@@ -3539,7 +3694,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
         let mut assocs = vec![];
         let mut expr = expr;
         let mut prev_ty = self.resolve_vars_if_possible(
-            typeck_results.expr_ty_adjusted_opt(expr).unwrap_or(tcx.ty_error_misc()),
+            typeck_results.expr_ty_adjusted_opt(expr).unwrap_or(Ty::new_misc_error(tcx)),
         );
         while let hir::ExprKind::MethodCall(_path_segment, rcvr_expr, _args, span) = expr.kind {
             // Point at every method call in the chain with the resulting type.
@@ -3550,7 +3705,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                 self.probe_assoc_types_at_expr(&type_diffs, span, prev_ty, expr.hir_id, param_env);
             assocs.push(assocs_in_this_method);
             prev_ty = self.resolve_vars_if_possible(
-                typeck_results.expr_ty_adjusted_opt(expr).unwrap_or(tcx.ty_error_misc()),
+                typeck_results.expr_ty_adjusted_opt(expr).unwrap_or(Ty::new_misc_error(tcx)),
             );
 
             if let hir::ExprKind::Path(hir::QPath::Resolved(None, path)) = expr.kind
@@ -3568,7 +3723,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
                 if let hir::Node::Param(param) = parent {
                     // ...and it is a an fn argument.
                     let prev_ty = self.resolve_vars_if_possible(
-                        typeck_results.node_type_opt(param.hir_id).unwrap_or(tcx.ty_error_misc()),
+                        typeck_results.node_type_opt(param.hir_id).unwrap_or(Ty::new_misc_error(tcx,)),
                     );
                     let assocs_in_this_method = self.probe_assoc_types_at_expr(&type_diffs, param.ty_span, prev_ty, param.hir_id, param_env);
                     if assocs_in_this_method.iter().any(|a| a.is_some()) {
@@ -3671,7 +3826,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
         body_id: hir::HirId,
         param_env: ty::ParamEnv<'tcx>,
     ) -> Vec<Option<(Span, (DefId, Ty<'tcx>))>> {
-        let ocx = ObligationCtxt::new_in_snapshot(self.infcx);
+        let ocx = ObligationCtxt::new(self.infcx);
         let mut assocs_in_this_method = Vec::with_capacity(type_diffs.len());
         for diff in type_diffs {
             let Sorts(expected_found) = diff else { continue; };
@@ -3698,12 +3853,12 @@ impl<'tcx> TypeErrCtxtExt<'tcx> for TypeErrCtxt<'_, 'tcx> {
             // in. For example, this would be what `Iterator::Item` is here.
             let ty_var = self.infcx.next_ty_var(origin);
             // This corresponds to `<ExprTy as Iterator>::Item = _`.
-            let projection = ty::Binder::dummy(ty::PredicateKind::Clause(ty::Clause::Projection(
-                ty::ProjectionPredicate {
+            let projection = ty::Binder::dummy(ty::PredicateKind::Clause(
+                ty::ClauseKind::Projection(ty::ProjectionPredicate {
                     projection_ty: self.tcx.mk_alias_ty(proj.def_id, substs),
                     term: ty_var.into(),
-                },
-            )));
+                }),
+            ));
             let body_def_id = self.tcx.hir().enclosing_body_owner(body_id);
             // Add `<ExprTy as Iterator>::Item = _` obligation.
             ocx.register_obligation(Obligation::misc(