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-//! The implementation is based on Dmitry Vyukov's bounded MPMC queue.
-//!
-//! Source:
-//! - <http://www.1024cores.net/home/lock-free-algorithms/queues/bounded-mpmc-queue>
-
-use alloc::boxed::Box;
-use core::cell::UnsafeCell;
-use core::fmt;
-use core::mem::MaybeUninit;
-use core::sync::atomic::{self, AtomicUsize, Ordering};
-
-use crossbeam_utils::{Backoff, CachePadded};
-
-/// A slot in a queue.
-struct Slot<T> {
- /// The current stamp.
- ///
- /// If the stamp equals the tail, this node will be next written to. If it equals head + 1,
- /// this node will be next read from.
- stamp: AtomicUsize,
-
- /// The value in this slot.
- value: UnsafeCell<MaybeUninit<T>>,
-}
-
-/// A bounded multi-producer multi-consumer queue.
-///
-/// This queue allocates a fixed-capacity buffer on construction, which is used to store pushed
-/// elements. The queue cannot hold more elements than the buffer allows. Attempting to push an
-/// element into a full queue will fail. Alternatively, [`force_push`] makes it possible for
-/// this queue to be used as a ring-buffer. Having a buffer allocated upfront makes this queue
-/// a bit faster than [`SegQueue`].
-///
-/// [`force_push`]: ArrayQueue::force_push
-/// [`SegQueue`]: super::SegQueue
-///
-/// # Examples
-///
-/// ```
-/// use crossbeam_queue::ArrayQueue;
-///
-/// let q = ArrayQueue::new(2);
-///
-/// assert_eq!(q.push('a'), Ok(()));
-/// assert_eq!(q.push('b'), Ok(()));
-/// assert_eq!(q.push('c'), Err('c'));
-/// assert_eq!(q.pop(), Some('a'));
-/// ```
-pub struct ArrayQueue<T> {
- /// The head of the queue.
- ///
- /// This value is a "stamp" consisting of an index into the buffer and a lap, but packed into a
- /// single `usize`. The lower bits represent the index, while the upper bits represent the lap.
- ///
- /// Elements are popped from the head of the queue.
- head: CachePadded<AtomicUsize>,
-
- /// The tail of the queue.
- ///
- /// This value is a "stamp" consisting of an index into the buffer and a lap, but packed into a
- /// single `usize`. The lower bits represent the index, while the upper bits represent the lap.
- ///
- /// Elements are pushed into the tail of the queue.
- tail: CachePadded<AtomicUsize>,
-
- /// The buffer holding slots.
- buffer: Box<[Slot<T>]>,
-
- /// The queue capacity.
- cap: usize,
-
- /// A stamp with the value of `{ lap: 1, index: 0 }`.
- one_lap: usize,
-}
-
-unsafe impl<T: Send> Sync for ArrayQueue<T> {}
-unsafe impl<T: Send> Send for ArrayQueue<T> {}
-
-impl<T> ArrayQueue<T> {
- /// Creates a new bounded queue with the given capacity.
- ///
- /// # Panics
- ///
- /// Panics if the capacity is zero.
- ///
- /// # Examples
- ///
- /// ```
- /// use crossbeam_queue::ArrayQueue;
- ///
- /// let q = ArrayQueue::<i32>::new(100);
- /// ```
- pub fn new(cap: usize) -> ArrayQueue<T> {
- assert!(cap > 0, "capacity must be non-zero");
-
- // Head is initialized to `{ lap: 0, index: 0 }`.
- // Tail is initialized to `{ lap: 0, index: 0 }`.
- let head = 0;
- let tail = 0;
-
- // Allocate a buffer of `cap` slots initialized
- // with stamps.
- let buffer: Box<[Slot<T>]> = (0..cap)
- .map(|i| {
- // Set the stamp to `{ lap: 0, index: i }`.
- Slot {
- stamp: AtomicUsize::new(i),
- value: UnsafeCell::new(MaybeUninit::uninit()),
- }
- })
- .collect();
-
- // One lap is the smallest power of two greater than `cap`.
- let one_lap = (cap + 1).next_power_of_two();
-
- ArrayQueue {
- buffer,
- cap,
- one_lap,
- head: CachePadded::new(AtomicUsize::new(head)),
- tail: CachePadded::new(AtomicUsize::new(tail)),
- }
- }
-
- fn push_or_else<F>(&self, mut value: T, f: F) -> Result<(), T>
- where
- F: Fn(T, usize, usize, &Slot<T>) -> Result<T, T>,
- {
- let backoff = Backoff::new();
- let mut tail = self.tail.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
-
- loop {
- // Deconstruct the tail.
- let index = tail & (self.one_lap - 1);
- let lap = tail & !(self.one_lap - 1);
-
- let new_tail = if index + 1 < self.cap {
- // Same lap, incremented index.
- // Set to `{ lap: lap, index: index + 1 }`.
- tail + 1
- } else {
- // One lap forward, index wraps around to zero.
- // Set to `{ lap: lap.wrapping_add(1), index: 0 }`.
- lap.wrapping_add(self.one_lap)
- };
-
- // Inspect the corresponding slot.
- debug_assert!(index < self.buffer.len());
- let slot = unsafe { self.buffer.get_unchecked(index) };
- let stamp = slot.stamp.load(Ordering::Acquire);
-
- // If the tail and the stamp match, we may attempt to push.
- if tail == stamp {
- // Try moving the tail.
- match self.tail.compare_exchange_weak(
- tail,
- new_tail,
- Ordering::SeqCst,
- Ordering::Relaxed,
- ) {
- Ok(_) => {
- // Write the value into the slot and update the stamp.
- unsafe {
- slot.value.get().write(MaybeUninit::new(value));
- }
- slot.stamp.store(tail + 1, Ordering::Release);
- return Ok(());
- }
- Err(t) => {
- tail = t;
- backoff.spin();
- }
- }
- } else if stamp.wrapping_add(self.one_lap) == tail + 1 {
- atomic::fence(Ordering::SeqCst);
- value = f(value, tail, new_tail, slot)?;
- backoff.spin();
- tail = self.tail.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
- } else {
- // Snooze because we need to wait for the stamp to get updated.
- backoff.snooze();
- tail = self.tail.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
- }
- }
- }
-
- /// Attempts to push an element into the queue.
- ///
- /// If the queue is full, the element is returned back as an error.
- ///
- /// # Examples
- ///
- /// ```
- /// use crossbeam_queue::ArrayQueue;
- ///
- /// let q = ArrayQueue::new(1);
- ///
- /// assert_eq!(q.push(10), Ok(()));
- /// assert_eq!(q.push(20), Err(20));
- /// ```
- pub fn push(&self, value: T) -> Result<(), T> {
- self.push_or_else(value, |v, tail, _, _| {
- let head = self.head.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
-
- // If the head lags one lap behind the tail as well...
- if head.wrapping_add(self.one_lap) == tail {
- // ...then the queue is full.
- Err(v)
- } else {
- Ok(v)
- }
- })
- }
-
- /// Pushes an element into the queue, replacing the oldest element if necessary.
- ///
- /// If the queue is full, the oldest element is replaced and returned,
- /// otherwise `None` is returned.
- ///
- /// # Examples
- ///
- /// ```
- /// use crossbeam_queue::ArrayQueue;
- ///
- /// let q = ArrayQueue::new(2);
- ///
- /// assert_eq!(q.force_push(10), None);
- /// assert_eq!(q.force_push(20), None);
- /// assert_eq!(q.force_push(30), Some(10));
- /// assert_eq!(q.pop(), Some(20));
- /// ```
- pub fn force_push(&self, value: T) -> Option<T> {
- self.push_or_else(value, |v, tail, new_tail, slot| {
- let head = tail.wrapping_sub(self.one_lap);
- let new_head = new_tail.wrapping_sub(self.one_lap);
-
- // Try moving the head.
- if self
- .head
- .compare_exchange_weak(head, new_head, Ordering::SeqCst, Ordering::Relaxed)
- .is_ok()
- {
- // Move the tail.
- self.tail.store(new_tail, Ordering::SeqCst);
-
- // Swap the previous value.
- let old = unsafe { slot.value.get().replace(MaybeUninit::new(v)).assume_init() };
-
- // Update the stamp.
- slot.stamp.store(tail + 1, Ordering::Release);
-
- Err(old)
- } else {
- Ok(v)
- }
- })
- .err()
- }
-
- /// Attempts to pop an element from the queue.
- ///
- /// If the queue is empty, `None` is returned.
- ///
- /// # Examples
- ///
- /// ```
- /// use crossbeam_queue::ArrayQueue;
- ///
- /// let q = ArrayQueue::new(1);
- /// assert_eq!(q.push(10), Ok(()));
- ///
- /// assert_eq!(q.pop(), Some(10));
- /// assert!(q.pop().is_none());
- /// ```
- pub fn pop(&self) -> Option<T> {
- let backoff = Backoff::new();
- let mut head = self.head.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
-
- loop {
- // Deconstruct the head.
- let index = head & (self.one_lap - 1);
- let lap = head & !(self.one_lap - 1);
-
- // Inspect the corresponding slot.
- debug_assert!(index < self.buffer.len());
- let slot = unsafe { self.buffer.get_unchecked(index) };
- let stamp = slot.stamp.load(Ordering::Acquire);
-
- // If the the stamp is ahead of the head by 1, we may attempt to pop.
- if head + 1 == stamp {
- let new = if index + 1 < self.cap {
- // Same lap, incremented index.
- // Set to `{ lap: lap, index: index + 1 }`.
- head + 1
- } else {
- // One lap forward, index wraps around to zero.
- // Set to `{ lap: lap.wrapping_add(1), index: 0 }`.
- lap.wrapping_add(self.one_lap)
- };
-
- // Try moving the head.
- match self.head.compare_exchange_weak(
- head,
- new,
- Ordering::SeqCst,
- Ordering::Relaxed,
- ) {
- Ok(_) => {
- // Read the value from the slot and update the stamp.
- let msg = unsafe { slot.value.get().read().assume_init() };
- slot.stamp
- .store(head.wrapping_add(self.one_lap), Ordering::Release);
- return Some(msg);
- }
- Err(h) => {
- head = h;
- backoff.spin();
- }
- }
- } else if stamp == head {
- atomic::fence(Ordering::SeqCst);
- let tail = self.tail.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
-
- // If the tail equals the head, that means the channel is empty.
- if tail == head {
- return None;
- }
-
- backoff.spin();
- head = self.head.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
- } else {
- // Snooze because we need to wait for the stamp to get updated.
- backoff.snooze();
- head = self.head.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
- }
- }
- }
-
- /// Returns the capacity of the queue.
- ///
- /// # Examples
- ///
- /// ```
- /// use crossbeam_queue::ArrayQueue;
- ///
- /// let q = ArrayQueue::<i32>::new(100);
- ///
- /// assert_eq!(q.capacity(), 100);
- /// ```
- pub fn capacity(&self) -> usize {
- self.cap
- }
-
- /// Returns `true` if the queue is empty.
- ///
- /// # Examples
- ///
- /// ```
- /// use crossbeam_queue::ArrayQueue;
- ///
- /// let q = ArrayQueue::new(100);
- ///
- /// assert!(q.is_empty());
- /// q.push(1).unwrap();
- /// assert!(!q.is_empty());
- /// ```
- pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
- let head = self.head.load(Ordering::SeqCst);
- let tail = self.tail.load(Ordering::SeqCst);
-
- // Is the tail lagging one lap behind head?
- // Is the tail equal to the head?
- //
- // Note: If the head changes just before we load the tail, that means there was a moment
- // when the channel was not empty, so it is safe to just return `false`.
- tail == head
- }
-
- /// Returns `true` if the queue is full.
- ///
- /// # Examples
- ///
- /// ```
- /// use crossbeam_queue::ArrayQueue;
- ///
- /// let q = ArrayQueue::new(1);
- ///
- /// assert!(!q.is_full());
- /// q.push(1).unwrap();
- /// assert!(q.is_full());
- /// ```
- pub fn is_full(&self) -> bool {
- let tail = self.tail.load(Ordering::SeqCst);
- let head = self.head.load(Ordering::SeqCst);
-
- // Is the head lagging one lap behind tail?
- //
- // Note: If the tail changes just before we load the head, that means there was a moment
- // when the queue was not full, so it is safe to just return `false`.
- head.wrapping_add(self.one_lap) == tail
- }
-
- /// Returns the number of elements in the queue.
- ///
- /// # Examples
- ///
- /// ```
- /// use crossbeam_queue::ArrayQueue;
- ///
- /// let q = ArrayQueue::new(100);
- /// assert_eq!(q.len(), 0);
- ///
- /// q.push(10).unwrap();
- /// assert_eq!(q.len(), 1);
- ///
- /// q.push(20).unwrap();
- /// assert_eq!(q.len(), 2);
- /// ```
- pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
- loop {
- // Load the tail, then load the head.
- let tail = self.tail.load(Ordering::SeqCst);
- let head = self.head.load(Ordering::SeqCst);
-
- // If the tail didn't change, we've got consistent values to work with.
- if self.tail.load(Ordering::SeqCst) == tail {
- let hix = head & (self.one_lap - 1);
- let tix = tail & (self.one_lap - 1);
-
- return if hix < tix {
- tix - hix
- } else if hix > tix {
- self.cap - hix + tix
- } else if tail == head {
- 0
- } else {
- self.cap
- };
- }
- }
- }
-}
-
-impl<T> Drop for ArrayQueue<T> {
- fn drop(&mut self) {
- // Get the index of the head.
- let hix = self.head.load(Ordering::Relaxed) & (self.one_lap - 1);
-
- // Loop over all slots that hold a message and drop them.
- for i in 0..self.len() {
- // Compute the index of the next slot holding a message.
- let index = if hix + i < self.cap {
- hix + i
- } else {
- hix + i - self.cap
- };
-
- unsafe {
- debug_assert!(index < self.buffer.len());
- let slot = self.buffer.get_unchecked_mut(index);
- let value = &mut *slot.value.get();
- value.as_mut_ptr().drop_in_place();
- }
- }
- }
-}
-
-impl<T> fmt::Debug for ArrayQueue<T> {
- fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
- f.pad("ArrayQueue { .. }")
- }
-}
-
-impl<T> IntoIterator for ArrayQueue<T> {
- type Item = T;
-
- type IntoIter = IntoIter<T>;
-
- fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter {
- IntoIter { value: self }
- }
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct IntoIter<T> {
- value: ArrayQueue<T>,
-}
-
-impl<T> Iterator for IntoIter<T> {
- type Item = T;
-
- fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
- let value = &mut self.value;
- let head = *value.head.get_mut();
- if value.head.get_mut() != value.tail.get_mut() {
- let index = head & (value.one_lap - 1);
- let lap = head & !(value.one_lap - 1);
- // SAFETY: We have mutable access to this, so we can read without
- // worrying about concurrency. Furthermore, we know this is
- // initialized because it is the value pointed at by `value.head`
- // and this is a non-empty queue.
- let val = unsafe {
- debug_assert!(index < value.buffer.len());
- let slot = value.buffer.get_unchecked_mut(index);
- slot.value.get().read().assume_init()
- };
- let new = if index + 1 < value.cap {
- // Same lap, incremented index.
- // Set to `{ lap: lap, index: index + 1 }`.
- head + 1
- } else {
- // One lap forward, index wraps around to zero.
- // Set to `{ lap: lap.wrapping_add(1), index: 0 }`.
- lap.wrapping_add(value.one_lap)
- };
- *value.head.get_mut() = new;
- Option::Some(val)
- } else {
- Option::None
- }
- }
-}