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+//! Parallel merge sort.
+//!
+//! This implementation is copied verbatim from `std::slice::sort` and then parallelized.
+//! The only difference from the original is that the sequential `mergesort` returns
+//! `MergesortResult` and leaves descending arrays intact.
+
+use crate::iter::*;
+use crate::slice::ParallelSliceMut;
+use crate::SendPtr;
+use std::mem;
+use std::mem::size_of;
+use std::ptr;
+use std::slice;
+
+unsafe fn get_and_increment<T>(ptr: &mut *mut T) -> *mut T {
+ let old = *ptr;
+ *ptr = ptr.offset(1);
+ old
+}
+
+unsafe fn decrement_and_get<T>(ptr: &mut *mut T) -> *mut T {
+ *ptr = ptr.offset(-1);
+ *ptr
+}
+
+/// When dropped, copies from `src` into `dest` a sequence of length `len`.
+struct CopyOnDrop<T> {
+ src: *const T,
+ dest: *mut T,
+ len: usize,
+}
+
+impl<T> Drop for CopyOnDrop<T> {
+ fn drop(&mut self) {
+ unsafe {
+ ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(self.src, self.dest, self.len);
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+/// Inserts `v[0]` into pre-sorted sequence `v[1..]` so that whole `v[..]` becomes sorted.
+///
+/// This is the integral subroutine of insertion sort.
+fn insert_head<T, F>(v: &mut [T], is_less: &F)
+where
+ F: Fn(&T, &T) -> bool,
+{
+ if v.len() >= 2 && is_less(&v[1], &v[0]) {
+ unsafe {
+ // There are three ways to implement insertion here:
+ //
+ // 1. Swap adjacent elements until the first one gets to its final destination.
+ // However, this way we copy data around more than is necessary. If elements are big
+ // structures (costly to copy), this method will be slow.
+ //
+ // 2. Iterate until the right place for the first element is found. Then shift the
+ // elements succeeding it to make room for it and finally place it into the
+ // remaining hole. This is a good method.
+ //
+ // 3. Copy the first element into a temporary variable. Iterate until the right place
+ // for it is found. As we go along, copy every traversed element into the slot
+ // preceding it. Finally, copy data from the temporary variable into the remaining
+ // hole. This method is very good. Benchmarks demonstrated slightly better
+ // performance than with the 2nd method.
+ //
+ // All methods were benchmarked, and the 3rd showed best results. So we chose that one.
+ let tmp = mem::ManuallyDrop::new(ptr::read(&v[0]));
+
+ // Intermediate state of the insertion process is always tracked by `hole`, which
+ // serves two purposes:
+ // 1. Protects integrity of `v` from panics in `is_less`.
+ // 2. Fills the remaining hole in `v` in the end.
+ //
+ // Panic safety:
+ //
+ // If `is_less` panics at any point during the process, `hole` will get dropped and
+ // fill the hole in `v` with `tmp`, thus ensuring that `v` still holds every object it
+ // initially held exactly once.
+ let mut hole = InsertionHole {
+ src: &*tmp,
+ dest: &mut v[1],
+ };
+ ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(&v[1], &mut v[0], 1);
+
+ for i in 2..v.len() {
+ if !is_less(&v[i], &*tmp) {
+ break;
+ }
+ ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(&v[i], &mut v[i - 1], 1);
+ hole.dest = &mut v[i];
+ }
+ // `hole` gets dropped and thus copies `tmp` into the remaining hole in `v`.
+ }
+ }
+
+ // When dropped, copies from `src` into `dest`.
+ struct InsertionHole<T> {
+ src: *const T,
+ dest: *mut T,
+ }
+
+ impl<T> Drop for InsertionHole<T> {
+ fn drop(&mut self) {
+ unsafe {
+ ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(self.src, self.dest, 1);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+/// Merges non-decreasing runs `v[..mid]` and `v[mid..]` using `buf` as temporary storage, and
+/// stores the result into `v[..]`.
+///
+/// # Safety
+///
+/// The two slices must be non-empty and `mid` must be in bounds. Buffer `buf` must be long enough
+/// to hold a copy of the shorter slice. Also, `T` must not be a zero-sized type.
+unsafe fn merge<T, F>(v: &mut [T], mid: usize, buf: *mut T, is_less: &F)
+where
+ F: Fn(&T, &T) -> bool,
+{
+ let len = v.len();
+ let v = v.as_mut_ptr();
+ let v_mid = v.add(mid);
+ let v_end = v.add(len);
+
+ // The merge process first copies the shorter run into `buf`. Then it traces the newly copied
+ // run and the longer run forwards (or backwards), comparing their next unconsumed elements and
+ // copying the lesser (or greater) one into `v`.
+ //
+ // As soon as the shorter run is fully consumed, the process is done. If the longer run gets
+ // consumed first, then we must copy whatever is left of the shorter run into the remaining
+ // hole in `v`.
+ //
+ // Intermediate state of the process is always tracked by `hole`, which serves two purposes:
+ // 1. Protects integrity of `v` from panics in `is_less`.
+ // 2. Fills the remaining hole in `v` if the longer run gets consumed first.
+ //
+ // Panic safety:
+ //
+ // If `is_less` panics at any point during the process, `hole` will get dropped and fill the
+ // hole in `v` with the unconsumed range in `buf`, thus ensuring that `v` still holds every
+ // object it initially held exactly once.
+ let mut hole;
+
+ if mid <= len - mid {
+ // The left run is shorter.
+ ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(v, buf, mid);
+ hole = MergeHole {
+ start: buf,
+ end: buf.add(mid),
+ dest: v,
+ };
+
+ // Initially, these pointers point to the beginnings of their arrays.
+ let left = &mut hole.start;
+ let mut right = v_mid;
+ let out = &mut hole.dest;
+
+ while *left < hole.end && right < v_end {
+ // Consume the lesser side.
+ // If equal, prefer the left run to maintain stability.
+ let to_copy = if is_less(&*right, &**left) {
+ get_and_increment(&mut right)
+ } else {
+ get_and_increment(left)
+ };
+ ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(to_copy, get_and_increment(out), 1);
+ }
+ } else {
+ // The right run is shorter.
+ ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(v_mid, buf, len - mid);
+ hole = MergeHole {
+ start: buf,
+ end: buf.add(len - mid),
+ dest: v_mid,
+ };
+
+ // Initially, these pointers point past the ends of their arrays.
+ let left = &mut hole.dest;
+ let right = &mut hole.end;
+ let mut out = v_end;
+
+ while v < *left && buf < *right {
+ // Consume the greater side.
+ // If equal, prefer the right run to maintain stability.
+ let to_copy = if is_less(&*right.offset(-1), &*left.offset(-1)) {
+ decrement_and_get(left)
+ } else {
+ decrement_and_get(right)
+ };
+ ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(to_copy, decrement_and_get(&mut out), 1);
+ }
+ }
+ // Finally, `hole` gets dropped. If the shorter run was not fully consumed, whatever remains of
+ // it will now be copied into the hole in `v`.
+
+ // When dropped, copies the range `start..end` into `dest..`.
+ struct MergeHole<T> {
+ start: *mut T,
+ end: *mut T,
+ dest: *mut T,
+ }
+
+ impl<T> Drop for MergeHole<T> {
+ fn drop(&mut self) {
+ // `T` is not a zero-sized type, so it's okay to divide by its size.
+ let len = (self.end as usize - self.start as usize) / size_of::<T>();
+ unsafe {
+ // TODO 1.47: let len = self.end.offset_from(self.start) as usize;
+ ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(self.start, self.dest, len);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+/// The result of merge sort.
+#[must_use]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+enum MergesortResult {
+ /// The slice has already been sorted.
+ NonDescending,
+ /// The slice has been descending and therefore it was left intact.
+ Descending,
+ /// The slice was sorted.
+ Sorted,
+}
+
+/// A sorted run that starts at index `start` and is of length `len`.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+struct Run {
+ start: usize,
+ len: usize,
+}
+
+/// Examines the stack of runs and identifies the next pair of runs to merge. More specifically,
+/// if `Some(r)` is returned, that means `runs[r]` and `runs[r + 1]` must be merged next. If the
+/// algorithm should continue building a new run instead, `None` is returned.
+///
+/// TimSort is infamous for its buggy implementations, as described here:
+/// http://envisage-project.eu/timsort-specification-and-verification/
+///
+/// The gist of the story is: we must enforce the invariants on the top four runs on the stack.
+/// Enforcing them on just top three is not sufficient to ensure that the invariants will still
+/// hold for *all* runs in the stack.
+///
+/// This function correctly checks invariants for the top four runs. Additionally, if the top
+/// run starts at index 0, it will always demand a merge operation until the stack is fully
+/// collapsed, in order to complete the sort.
+#[inline]
+fn collapse(runs: &[Run]) -> Option<usize> {
+ let n = runs.len();
+
+ if n >= 2
+ && (runs[n - 1].start == 0
+ || runs[n - 2].len <= runs[n - 1].len
+ || (n >= 3 && runs[n - 3].len <= runs[n - 2].len + runs[n - 1].len)
+ || (n >= 4 && runs[n - 4].len <= runs[n - 3].len + runs[n - 2].len))
+ {
+ if n >= 3 && runs[n - 3].len < runs[n - 1].len {
+ Some(n - 3)
+ } else {
+ Some(n - 2)
+ }
+ } else {
+ None
+ }
+}
+
+/// Sorts a slice using merge sort, unless it is already in descending order.
+///
+/// This function doesn't modify the slice if it is already non-descending or descending.
+/// Otherwise, it sorts the slice into non-descending order.
+///
+/// This merge sort borrows some (but not all) ideas from TimSort, which is described in detail
+/// [here](https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/Objects/listsort.txt).
+///
+/// The algorithm identifies strictly descending and non-descending subsequences, which are called
+/// natural runs. There is a stack of pending runs yet to be merged. Each newly found run is pushed
+/// onto the stack, and then some pairs of adjacent runs are merged until these two invariants are
+/// satisfied:
+///
+/// 1. for every `i` in `1..runs.len()`: `runs[i - 1].len > runs[i].len`
+/// 2. for every `i` in `2..runs.len()`: `runs[i - 2].len > runs[i - 1].len + runs[i].len`
+///
+/// The invariants ensure that the total running time is *O*(*n* \* log(*n*)) worst-case.
+///
+/// # Safety
+///
+/// The argument `buf` is used as a temporary buffer and must be at least as long as `v`.
+unsafe fn mergesort<T, F>(v: &mut [T], buf: *mut T, is_less: &F) -> MergesortResult
+where
+ T: Send,
+ F: Fn(&T, &T) -> bool + Sync,
+{
+ // Very short runs are extended using insertion sort to span at least this many elements.
+ const MIN_RUN: usize = 10;
+
+ let len = v.len();
+
+ // In order to identify natural runs in `v`, we traverse it backwards. That might seem like a
+ // strange decision, but consider the fact that merges more often go in the opposite direction
+ // (forwards). According to benchmarks, merging forwards is slightly faster than merging
+ // backwards. To conclude, identifying runs by traversing backwards improves performance.
+ let mut runs = vec![];
+ let mut end = len;
+ while end > 0 {
+ // Find the next natural run, and reverse it if it's strictly descending.
+ let mut start = end - 1;
+
+ if start > 0 {
+ start -= 1;
+
+ if is_less(v.get_unchecked(start + 1), v.get_unchecked(start)) {
+ while start > 0 && is_less(v.get_unchecked(start), v.get_unchecked(start - 1)) {
+ start -= 1;
+ }
+
+ // If this descending run covers the whole slice, return immediately.
+ if start == 0 && end == len {
+ return MergesortResult::Descending;
+ } else {
+ v[start..end].reverse();
+ }
+ } else {
+ while start > 0 && !is_less(v.get_unchecked(start), v.get_unchecked(start - 1)) {
+ start -= 1;
+ }
+
+ // If this non-descending run covers the whole slice, return immediately.
+ if end - start == len {
+ return MergesortResult::NonDescending;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Insert some more elements into the run if it's too short. Insertion sort is faster than
+ // merge sort on short sequences, so this significantly improves performance.
+ while start > 0 && end - start < MIN_RUN {
+ start -= 1;
+ insert_head(&mut v[start..end], &is_less);
+ }
+
+ // Push this run onto the stack.
+ runs.push(Run {
+ start,
+ len: end - start,
+ });
+ end = start;
+
+ // Merge some pairs of adjacent runs to satisfy the invariants.
+ while let Some(r) = collapse(&runs) {
+ let left = runs[r + 1];
+ let right = runs[r];
+ merge(
+ &mut v[left.start..right.start + right.len],
+ left.len,
+ buf,
+ &is_less,
+ );
+
+ runs[r] = Run {
+ start: left.start,
+ len: left.len + right.len,
+ };
+ runs.remove(r + 1);
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Finally, exactly one run must remain in the stack.
+ debug_assert!(runs.len() == 1 && runs[0].start == 0 && runs[0].len == len);
+
+ // The original order of the slice was neither non-descending nor descending.
+ MergesortResult::Sorted
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Everything above this line is copied from `std::slice::sort` (with very minor tweaks).
+// Everything below this line is parallelization.
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/// Splits two sorted slices so that they can be merged in parallel.
+///
+/// Returns two indices `(a, b)` so that slices `left[..a]` and `right[..b]` come before
+/// `left[a..]` and `right[b..]`.
+fn split_for_merge<T, F>(left: &[T], right: &[T], is_less: &F) -> (usize, usize)
+where
+ F: Fn(&T, &T) -> bool,
+{
+ let left_len = left.len();
+ let right_len = right.len();
+
+ if left_len >= right_len {
+ let left_mid = left_len / 2;
+
+ // Find the first element in `right` that is greater than or equal to `left[left_mid]`.
+ let mut a = 0;
+ let mut b = right_len;
+ while a < b {
+ let m = a + (b - a) / 2;
+ if is_less(&right[m], &left[left_mid]) {
+ a = m + 1;
+ } else {
+ b = m;
+ }
+ }
+
+ (left_mid, a)
+ } else {
+ let right_mid = right_len / 2;
+
+ // Find the first element in `left` that is greater than `right[right_mid]`.
+ let mut a = 0;
+ let mut b = left_len;
+ while a < b {
+ let m = a + (b - a) / 2;
+ if is_less(&right[right_mid], &left[m]) {
+ b = m;
+ } else {
+ a = m + 1;
+ }
+ }
+
+ (a, right_mid)
+ }
+}
+
+/// Merges slices `left` and `right` in parallel and stores the result into `dest`.
+///
+/// # Safety
+///
+/// The `dest` pointer must have enough space to store the result.
+///
+/// Even if `is_less` panics at any point during the merge process, this function will fully copy
+/// all elements from `left` and `right` into `dest` (not necessarily in sorted order).
+unsafe fn par_merge<T, F>(left: &mut [T], right: &mut [T], dest: *mut T, is_less: &F)
+where
+ T: Send,
+ F: Fn(&T, &T) -> bool + Sync,
+{
+ // Slices whose lengths sum up to this value are merged sequentially. This number is slightly
+ // larger than `CHUNK_LENGTH`, and the reason is that merging is faster than merge sorting, so
+ // merging needs a bit coarser granularity in order to hide the overhead of Rayon's task
+ // scheduling.
+ const MAX_SEQUENTIAL: usize = 5000;
+
+ let left_len = left.len();
+ let right_len = right.len();
+
+ // Intermediate state of the merge process, which serves two purposes:
+ // 1. Protects integrity of `dest` from panics in `is_less`.
+ // 2. Copies the remaining elements as soon as one of the two sides is exhausted.
+ //
+ // Panic safety:
+ //
+ // If `is_less` panics at any point during the merge process, `s` will get dropped and copy the
+ // remaining parts of `left` and `right` into `dest`.
+ let mut s = State {
+ left_start: left.as_mut_ptr(),
+ left_end: left.as_mut_ptr().add(left_len),
+ right_start: right.as_mut_ptr(),
+ right_end: right.as_mut_ptr().add(right_len),
+ dest,
+ };
+
+ if left_len == 0 || right_len == 0 || left_len + right_len < MAX_SEQUENTIAL {
+ while s.left_start < s.left_end && s.right_start < s.right_end {
+ // Consume the lesser side.
+ // If equal, prefer the left run to maintain stability.
+ let to_copy = if is_less(&*s.right_start, &*s.left_start) {
+ get_and_increment(&mut s.right_start)
+ } else {
+ get_and_increment(&mut s.left_start)
+ };
+ ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(to_copy, get_and_increment(&mut s.dest), 1);
+ }
+ } else {
+ // Function `split_for_merge` might panic. If that happens, `s` will get destructed and copy
+ // the whole `left` and `right` into `dest`.
+ let (left_mid, right_mid) = split_for_merge(left, right, is_less);
+ let (left_l, left_r) = left.split_at_mut(left_mid);
+ let (right_l, right_r) = right.split_at_mut(right_mid);
+
+ // Prevent the destructor of `s` from running. Rayon will ensure that both calls to
+ // `par_merge` happen. If one of the two calls panics, they will ensure that elements still
+ // get copied into `dest_left` and `dest_right``.
+ mem::forget(s);
+
+ // Wrap pointers in SendPtr so that they can be sent to another thread
+ // See the documentation of SendPtr for a full explanation
+ let dest_l = SendPtr(dest);
+ let dest_r = SendPtr(dest.add(left_l.len() + right_l.len()));
+ rayon_core::join(
+ || par_merge(left_l, right_l, dest_l.0, is_less),
+ || par_merge(left_r, right_r, dest_r.0, is_less),
+ );
+ }
+ // Finally, `s` gets dropped if we used sequential merge, thus copying the remaining elements
+ // all at once.
+
+ // When dropped, copies arrays `left_start..left_end` and `right_start..right_end` into `dest`,
+ // in that order.
+ struct State<T> {
+ left_start: *mut T,
+ left_end: *mut T,
+ right_start: *mut T,
+ right_end: *mut T,
+ dest: *mut T,
+ }
+
+ impl<T> Drop for State<T> {
+ fn drop(&mut self) {
+ let size = size_of::<T>();
+ let left_len = (self.left_end as usize - self.left_start as usize) / size;
+ let right_len = (self.right_end as usize - self.right_start as usize) / size;
+
+ // Copy array `left`, followed by `right`.
+ unsafe {
+ ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(self.left_start, self.dest, left_len);
+ self.dest = self.dest.add(left_len);
+ ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(self.right_start, self.dest, right_len);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+/// Recursively merges pre-sorted chunks inside `v`.
+///
+/// Chunks of `v` are stored in `chunks` as intervals (inclusive left and exclusive right bound).
+/// Argument `buf` is an auxiliary buffer that will be used during the procedure.
+/// If `into_buf` is true, the result will be stored into `buf`, otherwise it will be in `v`.
+///
+/// # Safety
+///
+/// The number of chunks must be positive and they must be adjacent: the right bound of each chunk
+/// must equal the left bound of the following chunk.
+///
+/// The buffer must be at least as long as `v`.
+unsafe fn recurse<T, F>(
+ v: *mut T,
+ buf: *mut T,
+ chunks: &[(usize, usize)],
+ into_buf: bool,
+ is_less: &F,
+) where
+ T: Send,
+ F: Fn(&T, &T) -> bool + Sync,
+{
+ let len = chunks.len();
+ debug_assert!(len > 0);
+
+ // Base case of the algorithm.
+ // If only one chunk is remaining, there's no more work to split and merge.
+ if len == 1 {
+ if into_buf {
+ // Copy the chunk from `v` into `buf`.
+ let (start, end) = chunks[0];
+ let src = v.add(start);
+ let dest = buf.add(start);
+ ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(src, dest, end - start);
+ }
+ return;
+ }
+
+ // Split the chunks into two halves.
+ let (start, _) = chunks[0];
+ let (mid, _) = chunks[len / 2];
+ let (_, end) = chunks[len - 1];
+ let (left, right) = chunks.split_at(len / 2);
+
+ // After recursive calls finish we'll have to merge chunks `(start, mid)` and `(mid, end)` from
+ // `src` into `dest`. If the current invocation has to store the result into `buf`, we'll
+ // merge chunks from `v` into `buf`, and viceversa.
+ //
+ // Recursive calls flip `into_buf` at each level of recursion. More concretely, `par_merge`
+ // merges chunks from `buf` into `v` at the first level, from `v` into `buf` at the second
+ // level etc.
+ let (src, dest) = if into_buf { (v, buf) } else { (buf, v) };
+
+ // Panic safety:
+ //
+ // If `is_less` panics at any point during the recursive calls, the destructor of `guard` will
+ // be executed, thus copying everything from `src` into `dest`. This way we ensure that all
+ // chunks are in fact copied into `dest`, even if the merge process doesn't finish.
+ let guard = CopyOnDrop {
+ src: src.add(start),
+ dest: dest.add(start),
+ len: end - start,
+ };
+
+ // Wrap pointers in SendPtr so that they can be sent to another thread
+ // See the documentation of SendPtr for a full explanation
+ let v = SendPtr(v);
+ let buf = SendPtr(buf);
+ rayon_core::join(
+ || recurse(v.0, buf.0, left, !into_buf, is_less),
+ || recurse(v.0, buf.0, right, !into_buf, is_less),
+ );
+
+ // Everything went all right - recursive calls didn't panic.
+ // Forget the guard in order to prevent its destructor from running.
+ mem::forget(guard);
+
+ // Merge chunks `(start, mid)` and `(mid, end)` from `src` into `dest`.
+ let src_left = slice::from_raw_parts_mut(src.add(start), mid - start);
+ let src_right = slice::from_raw_parts_mut(src.add(mid), end - mid);
+ par_merge(src_left, src_right, dest.add(start), is_less);
+}
+
+/// Sorts `v` using merge sort in parallel.
+///
+/// The algorithm is stable, allocates memory, and `O(n log n)` worst-case.
+/// The allocated temporary buffer is of the same length as is `v`.
+pub(super) fn par_mergesort<T, F>(v: &mut [T], is_less: F)
+where
+ T: Send,
+ F: Fn(&T, &T) -> bool + Sync,
+{
+ // Slices of up to this length get sorted using insertion sort in order to avoid the cost of
+ // buffer allocation.
+ const MAX_INSERTION: usize = 20;
+ // The length of initial chunks. This number is as small as possible but so that the overhead
+ // of Rayon's task scheduling is still negligible.
+ const CHUNK_LENGTH: usize = 2000;
+
+ // Sorting has no meaningful behavior on zero-sized types.
+ if size_of::<T>() == 0 {
+ return;
+ }
+
+ let len = v.len();
+
+ // Short slices get sorted in-place via insertion sort to avoid allocations.
+ if len <= MAX_INSERTION {
+ if len >= 2 {
+ for i in (0..len - 1).rev() {
+ insert_head(&mut v[i..], &is_less);
+ }
+ }
+ return;
+ }
+
+ // Allocate a buffer to use as scratch memory. We keep the length 0 so we can keep in it
+ // shallow copies of the contents of `v` without risking the dtors running on copies if
+ // `is_less` panics.
+ let mut buf = Vec::<T>::with_capacity(len);
+ let buf = buf.as_mut_ptr();
+
+ // If the slice is not longer than one chunk would be, do sequential merge sort and return.
+ if len <= CHUNK_LENGTH {
+ let res = unsafe { mergesort(v, buf, &is_less) };
+ if res == MergesortResult::Descending {
+ v.reverse();
+ }
+ return;
+ }
+
+ // Split the slice into chunks and merge sort them in parallel.
+ // However, descending chunks will not be sorted - they will be simply left intact.
+ let mut iter = {
+ // Wrap pointer in SendPtr so that it can be sent to another thread
+ // See the documentation of SendPtr for a full explanation
+ let buf = SendPtr(buf);
+
+ v.par_chunks_mut(CHUNK_LENGTH)
+ .with_max_len(1)
+ .enumerate()
+ .map(|(i, chunk)| {
+ let l = CHUNK_LENGTH * i;
+ let r = l + chunk.len();
+ unsafe {
+ let buf = buf.0.add(l);
+ (l, r, mergesort(chunk, buf, &is_less))
+ }
+ })
+ .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+ .into_iter()
+ .peekable()
+ };
+
+ // Now attempt to concatenate adjacent chunks that were left intact.
+ let mut chunks = Vec::with_capacity(iter.len());
+
+ while let Some((a, mut b, res)) = iter.next() {
+ // If this chunk was not modified by the sort procedure...
+ if res != MergesortResult::Sorted {
+ while let Some(&(x, y, r)) = iter.peek() {
+ // If the following chunk is of the same type and can be concatenated...
+ if r == res && (r == MergesortResult::Descending) == is_less(&v[x], &v[x - 1]) {
+ // Concatenate them.
+ b = y;
+ iter.next();
+ } else {
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Descending chunks must be reversed.
+ if res == MergesortResult::Descending {
+ v[a..b].reverse();
+ }
+
+ chunks.push((a, b));
+ }
+
+ // All chunks are properly sorted.
+ // Now we just have to merge them together.
+ unsafe {
+ recurse(v.as_mut_ptr(), buf, &chunks, false, &is_less);
+ }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+ use super::split_for_merge;
+ use rand::distributions::Uniform;
+ use rand::{thread_rng, Rng};
+
+ #[test]
+ fn test_split_for_merge() {
+ fn check(left: &[u32], right: &[u32]) {
+ let (l, r) = split_for_merge(left, right, &|&a, &b| a < b);
+ assert!(left[..l]
+ .iter()
+ .all(|&x| right[r..].iter().all(|&y| x <= y)));
+ assert!(right[..r].iter().all(|&x| left[l..].iter().all(|&y| x < y)));
+ }
+
+ check(&[1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3], &[1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3]);
+ check(&[1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3], &[]);
+ check(&[], &[1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3]);
+
+ let ref mut rng = thread_rng();
+
+ for _ in 0..100 {
+ let limit: u32 = rng.gen_range(1..21);
+ let left_len: usize = rng.gen_range(0..20);
+ let right_len: usize = rng.gen_range(0..20);
+
+ let mut left = rng
+ .sample_iter(&Uniform::new(0, limit))
+ .take(left_len)
+ .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+ let mut right = rng
+ .sample_iter(&Uniform::new(0, limit))
+ .take(right_len)
+ .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+ left.sort();
+ right.sort();
+ check(&left, &right);
+ }
+ }
+}