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+// This file is part of ICU4X. For terms of use, please see the file
+// called LICENSE at the top level of the ICU4X source tree
+// (online at: https://github.com/unicode-org/icu4x/blob/main/LICENSE ).
+
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
+use alloc::borrow::{Cow, ToOwned};
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
+use alloc::string::String;
+
+/// Trait for types that can be created from a reference to a different type `C` with no allocations,
+/// i.e. a zero-copy (zero-alloc) version of "From"
+///
+/// A type can be the `ZeroFrom` target of multiple other types.
+///
+/// The intention is for `ZeroFrom` to produce a struct from a other with as little work as
+/// possible. Although it is technically possible to implement `ZeroFrom` without being
+/// zero-copy (using heap allocations), doing so defeats the purpose of `ZeroFrom`.
+///
+/// For example, `impl ZeroFrom<C> for Cow<str>` should return a `Cow::Borrowed` pointing at
+/// data in the other type `C`, even if the other type is itself fully owned.
+///
+/// One can use the [`#[derive(ZeroFrom)]`](zerofrom_derive::ZeroFrom) custom derive to automatically
+/// implement this trait.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// Implementing `ZeroFrom` on a custom data struct:
+///
+/// ```
+/// use std::borrow::Cow;
+/// use zerofrom::ZeroFrom;
+///
+/// struct MyStruct<'data> {
+/// message: Cow<'data, str>,
+/// }
+///
+/// // Reference from a borrowed version of self
+/// impl<'zf> ZeroFrom<'zf, MyStruct<'_>> for MyStruct<'zf> {
+/// fn zero_from(other: &'zf MyStruct<'_>) -> Self {
+/// MyStruct {
+/// message: Cow::Borrowed(&other.message),
+/// }
+/// }
+/// }
+///
+/// // Reference from a string slice directly
+/// impl<'zf> ZeroFrom<'zf, str> for MyStruct<'zf> {
+/// fn zero_from(other: &'zf str) -> Self {
+/// MyStruct {
+/// message: Cow::Borrowed(other),
+/// }
+/// }
+/// }
+/// ```
+pub trait ZeroFrom<'zf, C: ?Sized>: 'zf {
+ /// Clone the other `C` into a struct that may retain references into `C`.
+ fn zero_from(other: &'zf C) -> Self;
+}
+
+// Note: The following could be blanket implementations, but that would require constraining the
+// blanket `T` on `T: 'static`, which may not be desirable for all downstream users who may wish
+// to customize their `ZeroFrom` impl. The blanket implementation may be safe once Rust has
+// specialization.
+
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
+impl<'zf> ZeroFrom<'zf, str> for Cow<'zf, str> {
+ #[inline]
+ fn zero_from(other: &'zf str) -> Self {
+ Cow::Borrowed(other)
+ }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
+impl<'zf> ZeroFrom<'zf, String> for Cow<'zf, str> {
+ #[inline]
+ fn zero_from(other: &'zf String) -> Self {
+ Cow::Borrowed(other)
+ }
+}
+
+impl<'zf> ZeroFrom<'zf, str> for &'zf str {
+ #[inline]
+ fn zero_from(other: &'zf str) -> Self {
+ other
+ }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
+impl<'zf> ZeroFrom<'zf, String> for &'zf str {
+ #[inline]
+ fn zero_from(other: &'zf String) -> Self {
+ other
+ }
+}
+
+impl<'zf, C, T: ZeroFrom<'zf, C>> ZeroFrom<'zf, Option<C>> for Option<T> {
+ fn zero_from(other: &'zf Option<C>) -> Self {
+ other.as_ref().map(|c| <T as ZeroFrom<C>>::zero_from(c))
+ }
+}
+
+// These duplicate the functionality from above and aren't quite necessary due
+// to deref coercions, however for the custom derive to work, there always needs
+// to be `impl ZeroFrom<T> for T`, otherwise it may fail to perform the necessary
+// type inference. Deref coercions do not typically work when sufficient generics
+// or inference are involved, and the proc macro does not necessarily have
+// enough type information to figure this out on its own.
+#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
+impl<'zf, B: ToOwned + ?Sized> ZeroFrom<'zf, Cow<'_, B>> for Cow<'zf, B> {
+ #[inline]
+ fn zero_from(other: &'zf Cow<'_, B>) -> Self {
+ Cow::Borrowed(other)
+ }
+}
+
+impl<'zf> ZeroFrom<'zf, &'_ str> for &'zf str {
+ #[inline]
+ fn zero_from(other: &'zf &'_ str) -> &'zf str {
+ other
+ }
+}
+
+impl<'zf, T> ZeroFrom<'zf, [T]> for &'zf [T] {
+ #[inline]
+ fn zero_from(other: &'zf [T]) -> &'zf [T] {
+ other
+ }
+}