Adding upstream version 1:4.13+dfsg1.upstream/1%4.13+dfsg1

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

48 files changed, 8056 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/man/it/Makefile.am b/man/it/Makefile.am
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..94460aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/Makefile.am
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+
+mandir = @mandir@/it
+
+man_MANS = \
+	man1/chage.1 \
+	man1/chfn.1 \
+	man8/chgpasswd.8 \
+	man8/chpasswd.8 \
+	man1/chsh.1 \
+	man1/expiry.1 \
+	man5/faillog.5 \
+	man8/faillog.8 \
+	man3/getspnam.3 \
+	man1/gpasswd.1 \
+	man8/groupadd.8 \
+	man8/groupdel.8 \
+	man8/groupmems.8 \
+	man8/groupmod.8 \
+	man1/groups.1 \
+	man8/grpck.8 \
+	man8/grpconv.8 \
+	man8/grpunconv.8 \
+	man5/gshadow.5 \
+	man8/lastlog.8 \
+	man1/login.1 \
+	man5/login.defs.5 \
+	man8/logoutd.8 \
+	man1/newgrp.1 \
+	man8/newusers.8 \
+	man8/nologin.8 \
+	man1/passwd.1 \
+	man5/passwd.5 \
+	man8/pwck.8 \
+	man8/pwconv.8 \
+	man8/pwunconv.8 \
+	man1/sg.1 \
+	man3/shadow.3 \
+	man5/shadow.5 \
+	man1/su.1 \
+	man5/suauth.5 \
+	man8/useradd.8 \
+	man8/userdel.8 \
+	man8/usermod.8 \
+	man8/vigr.8 \
+	man8/vipw.8
+
+man_nopam = \
+	man5/limits.5 \
+	man5/login.access.5 \
+	man5/porttime.5
+
+if !USE_PAM
+man_MANS += $(man_nopam)
+endif
+
+EXTRA_DIST = \
+	$(man_MANS) \
+	man1/id.1 \
+	man8/sulogin.8
+
+if USE_PAM
+EXTRA_DIST += $(man_nopam)
+endif
+
+include ../generate_translations.mak
+
diff --git a/man/it/Makefile.in b/man/it/Makefile.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..46f6a42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/Makefile.in
@@ -0,0 +1,787 @@
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+	man1/chsh.1 man1/expiry.1 man5/faillog.5 man8/faillog.8 \
+	man3/getspnam.3 man1/gpasswd.1 man8/groupadd.8 man8/groupdel.8 \
+	man8/groupmems.8 man8/groupmod.8 man1/groups.1 man8/grpck.8 \
+	man8/grpconv.8 man8/grpunconv.8 man5/gshadow.5 man8/lastlog.8 \
+	man1/login.1 man5/login.defs.5 man8/logoutd.8 man1/newgrp.1 \
+	man8/newusers.8 man8/nologin.8 man1/passwd.1 man5/passwd.5 \
+	man8/pwck.8 man8/pwconv.8 man8/pwunconv.8 man1/sg.1 \
+	man3/shadow.3 man5/shadow.5 man1/su.1 man5/suauth.5 \
+	man8/useradd.8 man8/userdel.8 man8/usermod.8 man8/vigr.8 \
+	man8/vipw.8 $(am__append_1)
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+	man5/limits.5 \
+	man5/login.access.5 \
+	man5/porttime.5
+
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+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@@WITH_TCB_FALSE@TCB_COND = no_tcb
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+@ENABLE_REGENERATE_MAN_TRUE@@USE_SHA_CRYPT_FALSE@SHA_CRYPT_COND = no_sha_crypt
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diff --git a/man/it/man1/chage.1 b/man/it/man1/chage.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..442048a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man1/chage.1
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: chage
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi utente
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "CHAGE" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi utente"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+chage \- cambia le informazioni sulla scadenza della password
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBchage\fR\ 'u
+\fBchage\fR [\fIopzioni\fR] \fILOGIN\fR
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchage\fR
+command changes the number of days between password changes and the date of the last password change\&. This information is used by the system to determine when a user must change their password\&.
+.SH "OPZIONI"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBchage\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-lastday\fR\ \&\fILAST_DAY\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the number of days since January 1st, 1970 when the password was last changed\&. The date may also be expressed in the format YYYY\-MM\-DD (or the format more commonly used in your area)\&. If the
+\fILAST_DAY\fR
+is set to
+\fI0\fR
+the user is forced to change his password on the next log on\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-E\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+.RS 4
+Imposta la data o il numero di giorni dal 1 gennaio 1970 dal quale l\*(Aqaccount utente non sar\(`a pi\(`u accessibile\&. La data pu\(`o essere inserita nel formato AAAA\-MM\-GG (o il formato pi\(`u comunemente utilizzato nel proprio paese)\&. Un utente il cui account sia bloccato deve contattare l\*(Aqamministratore di sistema prima di poter accedere nuovamente al sistema\&.
+.sp
+For example the following can be used to set an account to expire in 180 days:
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+	    chage \-E $(date \-d +180days +%Y\-%m\-%d)
+	  
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.sp
+Passing the number
+\fI\-1\fR
+as the
+\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+will remove an account expiration date\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-iso8601\fR
+.RS 4
+When printing dates, use YYYY\-MM\-DD format\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-I\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the number of days of inactivity after a password has expired before the account is locked\&. The
+\fIINACTIVE\fR
+option is the number of days of inactivity\&. A user whose account is locked must contact the system administrator before being able to use the system again\&.
+.sp
+Passing the number
+\fI\-1\fR
+as the
+\fIINACTIVE\fR
+will remove an account\*(Aqs inactivity\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-list\fR
+.RS 4
+Visualizza le informazioni sulla scadenza dell\*(Aqaccount\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-mindays\fR\ \&\fIMIN_DAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the minimum number of days between password changes to
+\fIMIN_DAYS\fR\&. A value of zero for this field indicates that the user may change their password at any time\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-M\fR, \fB\-\-maxdays\fR\ \&\fIMAX_DAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the maximum number of days during which a password is valid\&. When
+\fIMAX_DAYS\fR
+plus
+\fILAST_DAY\fR
+is less than the current day, the user will be required to change their password before being able to use their account\&. This occurrence can be planned for in advance by use of the
+\fB\-W\fR
+option, which provides the user with advance warning\&.
+.sp
+Passing the number
+\fI\-1\fR
+as
+\fIMAX_DAYS\fR
+will remove checking a password\*(Aqs validity\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-W\fR, \fB\-\-warndays\fR\ \&\fIWARN_DAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required\&. The
+\fIWARN_DAYS\fR
+option is the number of days prior to the password expiring that a user will be warned their password is about to expire\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+If none of the options are selected,
+\fBchage\fR
+operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of the fields\&. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank to use the current value\&. The current value is displayed between a pair of
+\fI[ ]\fR
+marks\&.
+.SH "NOTA"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchage\fR
+program requires a shadow password file to be available\&.
+.PP
+The chage program will report only the information from the shadow password file\&. This implies that configuration from other sources (e\&.g\&. LDAP or empty password hash field from the passwd file) that affect the user\*(Aqs login will not be shown in the chage output\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fBchage\fR
+program will also not report any inconsistency between the shadow and passwd files (e\&.g\&. missing x in the passwd file)\&. The
+\fBpwck\fR
+can be used to check for this kind of inconsistencies\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fBchage\fR
+command is restricted to the root user, except for the
+\fB\-l\fR
+option, which may be used by an unprivileged user to determine when their password or account is due to expire\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sicure sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VALORI RESTITUITI"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchage\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+permission denied
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI15\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt find the shadow password file
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man1/chfn.1 b/man/it/man1/chfn.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2fcce5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man1/chfn.1
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: chfn
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi utente
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "CHFN" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi utente"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+chfn \- cambia il nome dell\*(Aqutente e altre informazioni
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBchfn\fR\ 'u
+\fBchfn\fR [\fIopzioni\fR] [\fILOGIN\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchfn\fR
+command changes user fullname, office room number, office phone number, and home phone number information for a user\*(Aqs account\&. This information is typically printed by
+\fBfinger\fR(1)
+and similar programs\&. A normal user may only change the fields for her own account, subject to the restrictions in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&. (The default configuration is to prevent users from changing their fullname\&.) The superuser may change any field for any account\&. Additionally, only the superuser may use the
+\fB\-o\fR
+option to change the undefined portions of the GECOS field\&.
+.PP
+These fields must not contain any colons\&. Except for the
+\fIother\fR
+field, they should not contain any comma or equal sign\&. It is also recommended to avoid non\-US\-ASCII characters, but this is only enforced for the phone numbers\&. The
+\fIother\fR
+field is used to store accounting information used by other applications\&.
+.SH "OPZIONI"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBchfn\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-full\-name\fR\ \&\fIFULL_NAME\fR
+.RS 4
+Cambia il nome completo dell\*(Aqutente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-home\-phone\fR\ \&\fIHOME_PHONE\fR
+.RS 4
+Cambia il numero di telefono di casa dell\*(Aqutente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-other\fR\ \&\fIOTHER\fR
+.RS 4
+Cambia il campo GECOS per le altre informazioni\&. Questo campo viene utilizzato per memorizzare informazioni di \(Foaccounting\(Fc usate da altre applicazioni, e pu\(`o essere modificato solo dal super utente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-room\fR\ \&\fIROOM_NUMBER\fR
+.RS 4
+Cambia il numero della stanza dell\*(Aqutente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-work\-phone\fR\ \&\fIWORK_PHONE\fR
+.RS 4
+Cambia il numero di telefono di lavoro dell\*(Aqutente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+If none of the options are selected,
+\fBchfn\fR
+operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current values for all of the fields\&. Enter the new value to change the field, or leave the line blank to use the current value\&. The current value is displayed between a pair of
+\fB[ ]\fR
+marks\&. Without options,
+\fBchfn\fR
+prompts for the current user account\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Configurazione del pacchetto password shadow
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man1/chsh.1 b/man/it/man1/chsh.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..61b0ffe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man1/chsh.1
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: chsh
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi utente
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "CHSH" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi utente"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+chsh \- cambia la shell di login
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBchsh\fR\ 'u
+\fBchsh\fR [\fIopzioni\fR] [\fILOGIN\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchsh\fR
+command changes the user login shell\&. This determines the name of the user\*(Aqs initial login command\&. A normal user may only change the login shell for her own account; the superuser may change the login shell for any account\&.
+.SH "OPZIONI"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBchsh\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR
+.RS 4
+Il nome della nuova shell di login dell\*(Aqutente\&. Lasciando questo campo vuoto si fa in modo che il sistema selezioni la shell di login predefinita\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+If the
+\fB\-s\fR
+option is not selected,
+\fBchsh\fR
+operates in an interactive fashion, prompting the user with the current login shell\&. Enter the new value to change the shell, or leave the line blank to use the current one\&. The current shell is displayed between a pair of
+\fI[ ]\fR
+marks\&.
+.SH "NOTA"
+.PP
+The only restriction placed on the login shell is that the command name must be listed in
+/etc/shells, unless the invoker is the superuser, and then any value may be added\&. An account with a restricted login shell may not change her login shell\&. For this reason, placing
+/bin/rsh
+in
+/etc/shells
+is discouraged since accidentally changing to a restricted shell would prevent the user from ever changing her login shell back to its original value\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shells
+.RS 4
+Elenco delle shell di login ammesse\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Configurazione del pacchetto password shadow
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man1/expiry.1 b/man/it/man1/expiry.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b7922ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man1/expiry.1
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: expiry
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi utente
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "EXPIRY" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi utente"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+expiry \- controlla e fa rispettare la scadenza della password
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBexpiry\fR\ 'u
+\fBexpiry\fR \fIopzione\fR
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBexpiry\fR
+command checks (\fB\-c\fR) the current password expiration and forces (\fB\-f\fR) changes when required\&. It is callable as a normal user command\&.
+.SH "OPZIONI"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBexpiry\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-check\fR
+.RS 4
+Controlla la scadenza della password dell\*(Aqutente corrente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR
+.RS 4
+Forza un cambio di password se l\*(Aqutente corrente ha una password scaduta\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&.
+.RE
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sicure sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man1/gpasswd.1 b/man/it/man1/gpasswd.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e6d24a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man1/gpasswd.1
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: gpasswd
+.\"    Author: Rafal Maszkowski
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi utente
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "GPASSWD" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi utente"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+gpasswd \- administer /etc/group and /etc/gshadow
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBgpasswd\fR\ 'u
+\fBgpasswd\fR [\fIopzione\fR] \fIgruppo\fR
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgpasswd\fR
+command is used to administer
+/etc/group, and /etc/gshadow\&. Every group can have
+administrators,
+members and a password\&.
+.PP
+System administrators can use the
+\fB\-A\fR
+option to define group administrator(s) and the
+\fB\-M\fR
+option to define members\&. They have all rights of group administrators and members\&.
+.PP
+\fBgpasswd\fR
+called by
+a group administrator
+with a group name only prompts for the new password of the
+\fIgroup\fR\&.
+.PP
+If a password is set the members can still use
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1)
+without a password, and non\-members must supply the password\&.
+.SS "Note sulle password di gruppo"
+.PP
+Le password di gruppo rappresentano un intrinseco problema di sicurezza perch\('e pi\(`u di una persona deve conoscerle\&. Ciononostante i gruppi sono uno strumento molto utile per la cooperazione tra vari utenti\&.
+.SH "OPZIONI"
+.PP
+Except for the
+\fB\-A\fR
+and
+\fB\-M\fR
+options, the options cannot be combined\&.
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBgpasswd\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-add\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR
+.RS 4
+Add the
+\fIuser\fR
+to the named
+\fIgroup\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-delete\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR
+.RS 4
+Remove the
+\fIuser\fR
+from the named
+\fIgroup\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-Q\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-remove\-password\fR
+.RS 4
+Remove the password from the named
+\fIgroup\fR\&. The group password will be empty\&. Only group members will be allowed to use
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+to join the named
+\fIgroup\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-restrict\fR
+.RS 4
+Restrict the access to the named
+\fIgroup\fR\&. The group password is set to "!"\&. Only group members with a password will be allowed to use
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+to join the named
+\fIgroup\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-A\fR, \fB\-\-administrators\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR,\&.\&.\&.
+.RS 4
+Imposta l\*(Aqelenco degli utenti amministratori\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-M\fR, \fB\-\-members\fR\ \&\fIuser\fR,\&.\&.\&.
+.RS 4
+Definisce l\*(Aqelenco dei membri del gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.SH "AVVISI/CAVEAT"
+.PP
+This tool only operates on the
+/etc/group
+and /etc/gshadow files\&.
+Thus you cannot change any NIS or LDAP group\&. This must be performed on the corresponding server\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account di gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sicure sugli account di gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBgrpck\fR(8),
+\fBgroup\fR(5), \fBgshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man1/groups.1 b/man/it/man1/groups.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..351bd43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man1/groups.1
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: groups
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi utente
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "GROUPS" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi utente"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+groups \- mostra i nomi dei gruppi correnti
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBgroups\fR\ 'u
+\fBgroups\fR [\fIutente\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroups\fR
+command displays the current group names or ID values\&. If the value does not have a corresponding entry in
+/etc/group, the value will be displayed as the numerical group value\&. The optional
+\fIuser\fR
+parameter will display the groups for the named user\&.
+.SH "NOTA"
+.PP
+Systems which do not support supplementary groups (see
+\fBinitgroups\fR(3)) will have the information from
+/etc/group
+reported\&. The user must use
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+or
+\fBsg\fR
+to change his current real and effective group ID\&.
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account di gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1),
+\fBgetgid\fR(2),
+\fBgetgroups\fR(2),
+\fBgetuid\fR(2),
+\fBinitgroups\fR(3)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man1/id.1 b/man/it/man1/id.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e8b950
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man1/id.1
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: id
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi utente
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "ID" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi utente"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+id \- display current user and group ID names
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBid\fR\ 'u
+\fBid\fR [\-a]
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBid\fR
+command displays the current real and effective user and group ID names or values\&. If the value does not have a corresponding entry in
+/etc/passwd
+or
+/etc/group, the value will be displayed without the corresponding name\&. The optional
+\fB\-a\fR
+flag will display the group set on systems which support supplementary groups (see
+\fBinitgroups\fR(3))\&.
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account di gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBgetgid\fR(2),
+\fBgetgroups\fR(2),
+\fBgetuid\fR(2),
+\fBinitgroups\fR(3)
diff --git a/man/it/man1/login.1 b/man/it/man1/login.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b3a0fff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man1/login.1
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: login
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi utente
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "LOGIN" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi utente"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+login \- apre una sessione sul sistema
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBlogin\fR\ 'u
+\fBlogin\fR [\-p] [\-h\ \fIhost\fR] [\fInome\fR] [\fIENV=VAR\fR...]
+.HP \w'\fBlogin\fR\ 'u
+\fBlogin\fR [\-p] [\-h\ \fIhost\fR] \-f \fInome\fR
+.HP \w'\fBlogin\fR\ 'u
+\fBlogin\fR [\-p] \-r\ \fIhost\fR
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBlogin\fR
+program is used to establish a new session with the system\&. It is normally invoked automatically by responding to the
+\fIlogin:\fR
+prompt on the user\*(Aqs terminal\&.
+\fBlogin\fR
+may be special to the shell and may not be invoked as a sub\-process\&. When called from a shell,
+\fBlogin\fR
+should be executed as
+\fBexec login\fR
+which will cause the user to exit from the current shell (and thus will prevent the new logged in user to return to the session of the caller)\&. Attempting to execute
+\fBlogin\fR
+from any shell but the login shell will produce an error message\&.
+.PP
+The user is then prompted for a password, where appropriate\&. Echoing is disabled to prevent revealing the password\&. Only a small number of password failures are permitted before
+\fBlogin\fR
+exits and the communications link is severed\&.
+.PP
+If password aging has been enabled for your account, you may be prompted for a new password before proceeding\&. You will be forced to provide your old password and the new password before continuing\&. Please refer to
+\fBpasswd\fR(1)
+for more information\&.
+.PP
+After a successful login, you will be informed of any system messages and the presence of mail\&. You may turn off the printing of the system message file,
+/etc/motd, by creating a zero\-length file
+\&.hushlogin
+in your login directory\&. The mail message will be one of "\fIYou have new mail\&.\fR", "\fIYou have mail\&.\fR", or "\fINo Mail\&.\fR" according to the condition of your mailbox\&.
+.PP
+Your user and group ID will be set according to their values in the
+/etc/passwd
+file\&. The value for
+\fB$HOME\fR,
+\fB$SHELL\fR,
+\fB$PATH\fR,
+\fB$LOGNAME\fR, and
+\fB$MAIL\fR
+are set according to the appropriate fields in the password entry\&. Ulimit, umask and nice values may also be set according to entries in the GECOS field\&.
+.PP
+On some installations, the environmental variable
+\fB$TERM\fR
+will be initialized to the terminal type on your tty line, as specified in
+/etc/ttytype\&.
+.PP
+Pu\(`o anche essere eseguito uno script di inizializzazione per il proprio interprete dei comandi\&. Fare riferimento alla relativa sezione di manuale per maggiori informazioni su questa funzione\&.
+.PP
+Un sottosistema di login \(`e indicato dalla presenza del carattere \(Fo*\(Fc all\*(Aqinizio della shell di login\&. La directory home impostata sar\(`a utilizzata come root di un nuovo file system al quale l\*(Aqutente accede\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fBlogin\fR
+program is NOT responsible for removing users from the utmp file\&. It is the responsibility of
+\fBgetty\fR(8)
+and
+\fBinit\fR(8)
+to clean up apparent ownership of a terminal session\&. If you use
+\fBlogin\fR
+from the shell prompt without
+\fBexec\fR, the user you use will continue to appear to be logged in even after you log out of the "subsession"\&.
+.SH "OPZIONI"
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR
+.RS 4
+Non effettua l\*(Aqautenticazione, l\*(Aqutente \(`e gi\(`a autenticato
+.sp
+Note: In that case,
+\fIusername\fR
+is mandatory\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR
+.RS 4
+Nome dell\*(Aqhost remoto per questo login\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR
+.RS 4
+Non modifica l\*(Aqambiente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR
+.RS 4
+Attiva il protocollo autologin di rlogin\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+The
+\fB\-r\fR,
+\fB\-h\fR
+and
+\fB\-f\fR
+options are only used when
+\fBlogin\fR
+is invoked by root\&.
+.SH "AVVISI/CAVEAT"
+.PP
+This version of
+\fBlogin\fR
+has many compilation options, only some of which may be in use at any particular site\&.
+.PP
+La posizione dei file \(`e soggetta a differenze in base alla configurazione del sistema\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fBlogin\fR
+program is NOT responsible for removing users from the utmp file\&. It is the responsibility of
+\fBgetty\fR(8)
+and
+\fBinit\fR(8)
+to clean up apparent ownership of a terminal session\&. If you use
+\fBlogin\fR
+from the shell prompt without
+\fBexec\fR, the user you use will continue to appear to be logged in even after you log out of the "subsession"\&.
+.PP
+As with any program,
+\fBlogin\fR\*(Aqs appearance can be faked\&. If non\-trusted users have physical access to a machine, an attacker could use this to obtain the password of the next person coming to sit in front of the machine\&. Under Linux, the SAK mechanism can be used by users to initiate a trusted path and prevent this kind of attack\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/var/run/utmp
+.RS 4
+Elenco delle sessioni attive\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/var/log/wtmp
+.RS 4
+Elenco delle precedenti sessioni di login\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sicure sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/motd
+.RS 4
+File di sistema con il messaggio del giorno\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/nologin
+.RS 4
+Impedisce l\*(Aqaccesso al sistema per utenti diversi da root\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/ttytype
+.RS 4
+Elenco di tipi di terminale\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+$HOME/\&.hushlogin
+.RS 4
+Impedisce che vengano mostrati i messaggi di sistema\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Configurazione del pacchetto password shadow
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBmail\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBsh\fR(1),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBnologin\fR(5),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBsecuretty\fR(5),
+\fBgetty\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man1/newgrp.1 b/man/it/man1/newgrp.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..45d7489
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man1/newgrp.1
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: newgrp
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi utente
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "NEWGRP" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi utente"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+newgrp \- effettua l\*(Aqaccesso a un nuovo gruppo
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBnewgrp\fR\ 'u
+\fBnewgrp\fR [\-] [\fIgruppo\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+command is used to change the current group ID during a login session\&. If the optional
+\fB\-\fR
+flag is given, the user\*(Aqs environment will be reinitialized as though the user had logged in, otherwise the current environment, including current working directory, remains unchanged\&.
+.PP
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+changes the current real group ID to the named group, or to the default group listed in
+/etc/passwd
+if no group name is given\&.
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+also tries to add the group to the user groupset\&. If not root, the user will be prompted for a password if she does not have a password (in
+/etc/shadow
+if this user has an entry in the shadowed password file, or in
+/etc/passwd
+otherwise) and the group does, or if the user is not listed as a member and the group has a password\&. The user will be denied access if the group password is empty and the user is not listed as a member\&.
+.PP
+If there is an entry for this group in
+/etc/gshadow, then the list of members and the password of this group will be taken from this file, otherwise, the entry in
+/etc/group
+is considered\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sicure sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account di gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sicure sugli account di gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBid\fR(1),
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBsg\fR(1),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgroup\fR(5), \fBgshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man1/passwd.1 b/man/it/man1/passwd.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c7d110
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man1/passwd.1
@@ -0,0 +1,283 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: passwd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi utente
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "PASSWD" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi utente"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+passwd \- cambia la password utente
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBpasswd\fR\ 'u
+\fBpasswd\fR [\fIopzioni\fR] [\fILOGIN\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBpasswd\fR
+command changes passwords for user accounts\&. A normal user may only change the password for their own account, while the superuser may change the password for any account\&.
+\fBpasswd\fR
+also changes the account or associated password validity period\&.
+.SS "Modifiche delle password"
+.PP
+All\*(Aqutente viene prima chiesta la propria password attuale, se presente\&. Questa password viene cifrata e confrontata con quella memorizzata\&. All\*(Aqutente viene data solo una possibilit\(`a di inserire la password corretta\&. Il super utente salta questo passo in modo da poter modificare password dimenticate\&.
+.PP
+After the password has been entered, password aging information is checked to see if the user is permitted to change the password at this time\&. If not,
+\fBpasswd\fR
+refuses to change the password and exits\&.
+.PP
+All\*(Aqutente viene quindi chiesto di inserire la nuova password due volte\&. Le due password sono confrontate e devono essere uguali affinch\('e la password venga accettata\&.
+.PP
+Quindi viene misurata la complessit\(`a della password\&. In linea di massima le password dovrebbero contenere dai 6 agli 8 caratteri, includendovi uno o pi\(`u caratteri da ciascuno dei seguenti insiemi:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+lettere minuscole
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+numeri da 0 a 9
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+segni di punteggiatura
+.RE
+.PP
+Care must be taken not to include the system default erase or kill characters\&.
+\fBpasswd\fR
+will reject any password which is not suitably complex\&.
+.SS "Suggerimenti per password utente"
+.PP
+The security of a password depends upon the strength of the encryption algorithm and the size of the key space\&. The legacy
+\fIUNIX\fR
+System encryption method is based on the NBS DES algorithm\&. More recent methods are now recommended (see
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR)\&. The size of the key space depends upon the randomness of the password which is selected\&.
+.PP
+La compromissione di una password avviene normalmente a seguito di incuria nella scelta o nella gestione della password\&. Per questo motivo non si devono utilizzare password che appaiono nei dizionari o che devono essere scritte\&. La password non deve essere uno nome proprio, il numero della patente, la data di nascita o l\*(Aqindirizzo\&. Uno qualunque di questi potrebbe essere indovinato per violare la sicurezza del sistema\&.
+.PP
+You can find advice on how to choose a strong password on http://en\&.wikipedia\&.org/wiki/Password_strength
+.SH "OPZIONI"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBpasswd\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-all\fR
+.RS 4
+This option can be used only with
+\fB\-S\fR
+and causes show status for all users\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-delete\fR
+.RS 4
+Cancella la password utente (la rende vuota)\&. Questo \(`e un metodo veloce per disabilitare la password per l\*(Aqaccount\&. Imposta l\*(Aqaccount indicato come senza password\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expire\fR
+.RS 4
+Fa scadere subito la password dell\*(Aqutente\&. Il che ha l\*(Aqeffetto di forzare un cambio password al successivo accesso da parte dell\*(Aqutente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR
+.RS 4
+This option is used to disable an account after the password has been expired for a number of days\&. After a user account has had an expired password for
+\fIINACTIVE\fR
+days, the user may no longer sign on to the account\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-k\fR, \fB\-\-keep\-tokens\fR
+.RS 4
+Indica che il cambio password va effettuato solo per i token (password) di autenticazione scaduti\&. L\*(Aqutente vuole mantenere inalterati i token non scaduti\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-lock\fR
+.RS 4
+Blocca la password dell\*(Aqaccount indicato\&. Questa opzione disabilita una password modificandola in modo che non corrisponda a nessun valore cifrato (aggiunge un \(Fo!\(Fc all\*(Aqinizio della password)\&.
+.sp
+Note that this does not disable the account\&. The user may still be able to login using another authentication token (e\&.g\&. an SSH key)\&. To disable the account, administrators should use
+\fBusermod \-\-expiredate 1\fR
+(this set the account\*(Aqs expire date to Jan 2, 1970)\&.
+.sp
+Gli utenti con password bloccata non la possono cambiare\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-mindays\fR\ \&\fIMIN_DAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the minimum number of days between password changes to
+\fIMIN_DAYS\fR\&. A value of zero for this field indicates that the user may change their password at any time\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR
+.RS 4
+Modalit\(`a silenziosa\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-repository\fR\ \&\fIREPOSITORY\fR
+.RS 4
+change password in
+\fIREPOSITORY\fR
+repository
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-status\fR
+.RS 4
+Visualizza le informazioni sullo stato di un account\&. Lo stato consiste di 7 campi\&. Il primo campo \(`e il nome dell\*(Aqutente\&. Il secondo campo indica se l\*(Aqaccount ha una password bloccata (L), non ha password (NP) o ha una password valida (P)\&. Il terzo campo contiene la data di ultima modifica della password\&. I successivi quattro campi sono l\*(Aqet\(`a minima, la massima, il periodo di avviso e quello di inattivit\(`a\&. Queste et\(`a sono espresse in giorni\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-unlock\fR
+.RS 4
+Unlock the password of the named account\&. This option re\-enables a password by changing the password back to its previous value (to the value before using the
+\fB\-l\fR
+option)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-warndays\fR\ \&\fIWARN_DAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the number of days of warning before a password change is required\&. The
+\fIWARN_DAYS\fR
+option is the number of days prior to the password expiring that a user will be warned that their password is about to expire\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-x\fR, \fB\-\-maxdays\fR\ \&\fIMAX_DAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the maximum number of days a password remains valid\&. After
+\fIMAX_DAYS\fR, the password is required to be changed\&.
+.sp
+Passing the number
+\fI\-1\fR
+as
+\fIMAX_DAYS\fR
+will remove checking a password\*(Aqs validity\&.
+.RE
+.SH "AVVISI/CAVEAT"
+.PP
+Il controllo della complessit\(`a delle password varia da sistema a sistema\&. All\*(Aqutente \(`e caldamente consigliato si utilizzare una password che ritenga sufficientemente complessa\&.
+.PP
+Gli utenti possono non essere in grado di cambiare la propria password se NIS \(`e abilitato ed essi non sono collegati al server NIS\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sicure sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Configurazione del pacchetto password shadow
+.RE
+.SH "VALORI RESTITUITI"
+.PP
+The
+\fBpasswd\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+permission denied
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid combination of options
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+unexpected failure, nothing done
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+unexpected failure,
+passwd
+file missing
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI5\fR
+.RS 4
+passwd
+file busy, try again
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid argument to option
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBchpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBshadow\fR(5),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man1/sg.1 b/man/it/man1/sg.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..27348bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man1/sg.1
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: sg
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi utente
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "SG" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi utente"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+sg \- esegue un comando con un diverso ID di gruppo
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBsg\fR\ 'u
+\fBsg\fR [\-] [group\ [\-c\ ]\ command]
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBsg\fR
+command works similar to
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+but accepts a command\&. The command will be executed with the
+/bin/sh
+shell\&. With most shells you may run
+\fBsg\fR
+from, you need to enclose multi\-word commands in quotes\&. Another difference between
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+and
+\fBsg\fR
+is that some shells treat
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+specially, replacing themselves with a new instance of a shell that
+\fBnewgrp\fR
+creates\&. This doesn\*(Aqt happen with
+\fBsg\fR, so upon exit from a
+\fBsg\fR
+command you are returned to your previous group ID\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sicure sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account di gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sicure sugli account di gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBid\fR(1),
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgroup\fR(5), \fBgshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man1/su.1 b/man/it/man1/su.1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d259195
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man1/su.1
@@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: su
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi utente
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "SU" "1" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi utente"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+su \- cambia ID utente o diventa amministratore
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBsu\fR\ 'u
+\fBsu\fR [\fIopzioni\fR] [\fI\-\fR] [\fInome\fR\ [\ \fIargs\fR\ ]]
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBsu\fR
+command is used to become another user during a login session\&. Invoked without a
+\fBusername\fR,
+\fBsu\fR
+defaults to becoming the superuser\&. The
+\fB\-\fR
+option may be used to provide an environment similar to what the user would expect had the user logged in directly\&. The
+\fB\-c\fR
+option may be used to treat the next argument as a command by most shells\&.
+.PP
+Options are recognized everywhere in the argument list\&. You can use the
+\fB\-\-\fR
+argument to stop option parsing\&. The
+\fB\-\fR
+option is special: it is also recognized after
+\fB\-\-\fR, but has to be placed before
+\fBusername\fR\&.
+.PP
+All\*(Aqutente viene quindi chiesta la password, se necessario\&. Una password errata viene segnalata da un messaggio d\*(Aqerrore\&. Viene effettuato il log di tutti i tentativi, siano essi riusciti o meno, al fine di rilevare ogni abuso del sistema\&.
+.PP
+The current environment is passed to the new shell\&. The value of
+\fB$PATH\fR
+is reset to
+/bin:/usr/bin
+for normal users, or
+/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
+for the superuser\&. This may be changed with the
+\fBENV_PATH\fR
+and
+\fBENV_SUPATH\fR
+definitions in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.PP
+Un sottosistema di login \(`e indicato dalla presenza del carattere \(Fo*\(Fc all\*(Aqinizio della shell di login\&. La directory home impostata sar\(`a utilizzata come root di un nuovo file system al quale l\*(Aqutente accede\&.
+.SH "OPZIONI"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBsu\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-command\fR\ \&\fICOMMAND\fR
+.RS 4
+Specify a command that will be invoked by the shell using its
+\fB\-c\fR\&.
+.sp
+The executed command will have no controlling terminal\&. This option cannot be used to execute interactive programs which need a controlling TTY\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-\fR, \fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-login\fR
+.RS 4
+Fornisce un ambiente simile a quello che un utente si attende quando effettua direttamente il login\&.
+.sp
+When
+\fB\-\fR
+is used, it must be specified before any
+\fBusername\fR\&. For portability it is recommended to use it as last option, before any
+\fBusername\fR\&. The other forms (\fB\-l\fR
+and
+\fB\-\-login\fR) do not have this restriction\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR
+.RS 4
+La shell che verr\(`a invocata\&.
+.sp
+The invoked shell is chosen from (highest priority first):
+.PP
+.RS 4
+The shell specified with \-\-shell\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+.RS 4
+If
+\fB\-\-preserve\-environment\fR
+is used, the shell specified by the
+\fB$SHELL\fR
+environment variable\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+.RS 4
+The shell indicated in the
+/etc/passwd
+entry for the target user\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+.RS 4
+/bin/sh
+if a shell could not be found by any above method\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+If the target user has a restricted shell (i\&.e\&. the shell field of this user\*(Aqs entry in
+/etc/passwd
+is not listed in
+/etc/shells), then the
+\fB\-\-shell\fR
+option or the
+\fB$SHELL\fR
+environment variable won\*(Aqt be taken into account, unless
+\fBsu\fR
+is called by root\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-preserve\-environment\fR
+.RS 4
+Preserve the current environment, except for:
+.PP
+\fB$PATH\fR
+.RS 4
+reset according to the
+/etc/login\&.defs
+options
+\fBENV_PATH\fR
+or
+\fBENV_SUPATH\fR
+(see below);
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB$IFS\fR
+.RS 4
+reset to
+\(Fo<space><tab><newline>\(Fc, if it was set\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+If the target user has a restricted shell, this option has no effect (unless
+\fBsu\fR
+is called by root)\&.
+.sp
+Note that the default behavior for the environment is the following:
+.PP
+.RS 4
+The
+\fB$HOME\fR,
+\fB$SHELL\fR,
+\fB$USER\fR,
+\fB$LOGNAME\fR,
+\fB$PATH\fR, and
+\fB$IFS\fR
+environment variables are reset\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+.RS 4
+If
+\fB\-\-login\fR
+is not used, the environment is copied, except for the variables above\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+.RS 4
+If
+\fB\-\-login\fR
+is used, the
+\fB$TERM\fR,
+\fB$COLORTERM\fR,
+\fB$DISPLAY\fR, and
+\fB$XAUTHORITY\fR
+environment variables are copied if they were set\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+.RS 4
+If
+\fB\-\-login\fR
+is used, the
+\fB$TZ\fR,
+\fB$HZ\fR, and
+\fB$MAIL\fR
+environment variables are set according to the
+/etc/login\&.defs
+options
+\fBENV_TZ\fR,
+\fBENV_HZ\fR,
+\fBMAIL_DIR\fR, and
+\fBMAIL_FILE\fR
+(see below)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+.RS 4
+If
+\fB\-\-login\fR
+is used, other environment variables might be set by the
+\fBENVIRON_FILE\fR
+file (see below)\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RE
+.SH "AVVISI/CAVEAT"
+.PP
+This version of
+\fBsu\fR
+has many compilation options, only some of which may be in use at any particular site\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sicure sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Configurazione del pacchetto password shadow
+.RE
+.SH "VALORI RESTITUITI"
+.PP
+On success,
+\fBsu\fR
+returns the exit value of the command it executed\&.
+.PP
+If this command was terminated by a signal,
+\fBsu\fR
+returns the number of this signal plus 128\&.
+.PP
+If su has to kill the command (because it was asked to terminate, and the command did not terminate in time),
+\fBsu\fR
+returns 255\&.
+.PP
+Some exit values from
+\fBsu\fR
+are independent from the executed command:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success (\fB\-\-help\fR
+only)
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+System or authentication failure
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI126\fR
+.RS 4
+The requested command was not found
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI127\fR
+.RS 4
+The requested command could not be executed
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBsg\fR(1),
+\fBsh\fR(1)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man3/getspnam.3 b/man/it/man3/getspnam.3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd473da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man3/getspnam.3
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man3/shadow.3
diff --git a/man/it/man3/shadow.3 b/man/it/man3/shadow.3
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7516107
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man3/shadow.3
@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: shadow
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Chiamate di libreria
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "SHADOW" "3" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Chiamate di libreria"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+shadow, getspnam \- routine per file delle password cifrate
+.SH "SINTASSI"
+.PP
+\fI#include <shadow\&.h>\fR
+.PP
+\fIstruct spwd *getspent();\fR
+.PP
+\fIstruct spwd *getspnam(char\fR
+\fI*nome\fR\fI);\fR
+.PP
+\fIvoid setspent();\fR
+.PP
+\fIvoid endspent();\fR
+.PP
+\fIstruct spwd *fgetspent(FILE\fR
+\fI*fp\fR\fI);\fR
+.PP
+\fIstruct spwd *sgetspent(char\fR
+\fI*cp\fR\fI);\fR
+.PP
+\fIint putspent(struct spwd\fR
+\fI*p,\fR
+\fIFILE\fR
+\fI*fp\fR\fI);\fR
+.PP
+\fIint lckpwdf();\fR
+.PP
+\fIint ulckpwdf();\fR
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+\fIshadow\fR
+manipulates the contents of the shadow password file,
+/etc/shadow\&. The structure in the
+\fI#include\fR
+file is:
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+struct spwd {
+      char		*sp_namp; /* user login name */
+      char		*sp_pwdp; /* encrypted password */
+      long int		sp_lstchg; /* last password change */
+      long int		sp_min; /* days until change allowed\&. */
+      long int		sp_max; /* days before change required */
+      long int		sp_warn; /* days warning for expiration */
+      long int		sp_inact; /* days before account inactive */
+      long int		sp_expire; /* date when account expires */
+      unsigned long int	sp_flag; /* reserved for future use */
+}
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.PP
+Ciascun campo significa:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_namp \- puntatore a una stringa null\-terminated che contiene il nome utente\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_pwdp \- puntatore a una stringa null\-terminated che contiene la password\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_lstchg \- giorni trascorsi dal 1 gennaio 1970 al momento in cui la password \(`e stata cambiata l\*(Aqultima volta\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_min \- giorni prima dei quali la password non pu\(`o essere cambiata\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_max \- giorni dopo i quali la password deve essere cambiata\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_warn \- giorni prima della scadenza della password in cui l\*(Aqutente viene avvertito\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_inact \- giorni dopo la scadenza della password dopo i quali l\*(Aqaccount viene considerato inattivo e disabilitato\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_expire \- giorni a partire dal 1 gennaio 1970 dopo i quali l\*(Aqaccount viene disabilitato\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+sp_flag \- riservato per uso futuro\&.
+.RE
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+\fIgetspent\fR,
+\fIgetspname\fR,
+\fIfgetspent\fR, and
+\fIsgetspent\fR
+each return a pointer to a
+\fIstruct spwd\fR\&.
+\fIgetspent\fR
+returns the next entry from the file, and
+\fIfgetspent\fR
+returns the next entry from the given stream, which is assumed to be a file of the proper format\&.
+\fIsgetspent\fR
+returns a pointer to a
+\fIstruct spwd\fR
+using the provided string as input\&.
+\fIgetspnam\fR
+searches from the current position in the file for an entry matching
+\fIname\fR\&.
+.PP
+\fIsetspent\fR
+and
+\fIendspent\fR
+may be used to begin and end, respectively, access to the shadow password file\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fIlckpwdf\fR
+and
+\fIulckpwdf\fR
+routines should be used to insure exclusive access to the
+/etc/shadow
+file\&.
+\fIlckpwdf\fR
+attempts to acquire a lock using
+\fIpw_lock\fR
+for up to 15 seconds\&. It continues by attempting to acquire a second lock using
+\fIspw_lock\fR
+for the remainder of the initial 15 seconds\&. Should either attempt fail after a total of 15 seconds,
+\fIlckpwdf\fR
+returns \-1\&. When both locks are acquired 0 is returned\&.
+.SH "DIAGNOSTICA"
+.PP
+Routines return NULL if no more entries are available or if an error occurs during processing\&. Routines which have
+\fIint\fR
+as the return value return 0 for success and \-1 for failure\&.
+.SH "AVVISI/CAVEAT"
+.PP
+Queste funzioni possono essere usate solo dall\*(Aqamministratore, perch\('e l\*(Aqaccesso al file delle password shadow \(`e riservato\&.
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sicure sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBgetpwent\fR(3),
+\fBshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man5/faillog.5 b/man/it/man5/faillog.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3da2352
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man5/faillog.5
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: faillog
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual:  File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "FAILLOG" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuratio"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+faillog \- file di log degli accessi falliti
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+/var/log/faillog
+maintains a count of login failures and the limits for each account\&.
+.PP
+Questo file \(`e composto da record di lunghezza fissa, indicizzati dal valore numerico di UID\&. Ciascun record contiene il conteggio degli accessi falliti a partire dall\*(Aqultimo login corretto, il numero massimo di tentativi permessi prima che l\*(Aqaccount venga disabilitato, il terminale sul quale l\*(Aqultimo tentativo fallito \(`e avvenuto, la data in cui \(`e avvenuto, e infine il periodo (in secondi) durante il quale l\*(Aqaccount verr\(`a bloccato a seguito di un fallimento\&.
+.PP
+La struttura del file \(`e la seguente:
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+struct	faillog {
+	short   fail_cnt;
+	short   fail_max;
+	char    fail_line[12];
+	time_t  fail_time;
+	long    fail_locktime;
+};
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/var/log/faillog
+.RS 4
+File per tracciare gli accessi falliti\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBfaillog\fR(8)
diff --git a/man/it/man5/gshadow.5 b/man/it/man5/gshadow.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a8cf154
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man5/gshadow.5
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: gshadow
+.\"    Author: Nicolas Fran\(,cois <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net>
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "GSHADOW" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+gshadow \- file shadow per i gruppi
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+contains the shadowed information for group accounts\&.
+.PP
+Questo file non deve essere leggibile dagli utenti normali se si vuole mantenere la sicurezza sulle password\&.
+.PP
+Ogni riga di questo file contiene questi campi separati da due punti:
+.PP
+\fBnome del gruppo\fR
+.RS 4
+Deve essere un nome di gruppo valido, che esista nel sistema\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBpassword cifrata\fR
+.RS 4
+Refer to
+\fBcrypt\fR(3)
+for details on how this string is interpreted\&.
+.sp
+If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of
+\fBcrypt\fR(3), for instance ! or *, users will not be able to use a unix password to access the group (but group members do not need the password)\&.
+.sp
+The password is used when a user who is not a member of the group wants to gain the permissions of this group (see
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1))\&.
+.sp
+Questo campo pu\(`o essere vuoto, nel qual caso solo i membri del gruppo possono ottenere i permessi del gruppo\&.
+.sp
+A password field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the password is locked\&. The remaining characters on the line represent the password field before the password was locked\&.
+.sp
+This password supersedes any password specified in
+/etc/group\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBamministratori\fR
+.RS 4
+Deve essere una lista di nomi utente separati da virgole\&.
+.sp
+Gli amministratori possono cambiare la password o i membri del gruppo\&.
+.sp
+Gli amministratori hanno anche gli stessi permessi dei membri (vedere sotto),
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBmembri\fR
+.RS 4
+Deve essere una lista di nomi utente separati da virgole\&.
+.sp
+I membri possono accedere al gruppo senza che ne sia richiesta la password\&.
+.sp
+You should use the same list of users as in
+/etc/group\&.
+.RE
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account di gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sicure sugli account di gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBgpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBgroup\fR(5),
+\fBgrpck\fR(8),
+\fBgrpconv\fR(8),
+\fBnewgrp\fR(1)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man5/limits.5 b/man/it/man5/limits.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..02fa5e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man5/limits.5
@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: limits
+.\"    Author: Luca Berra
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "LIMITS" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+limits \- definizione dei limiti di risorsa
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fIlimits\fR
+file (/etc/limits
+by default or LIMITS_FILE defined
+config\&.h) describes the resource limits you wish to impose\&. It should be owned by root and readable by root account only\&.
+.PP
+In maniera predefinita non c\*(Aq\(`e nessun limite alla quota di \(Foroot\(Fc\&. In effetti non c\*(Aq\(`e nessun modo per imporre una quota massima tramite questa procedura agli account equivalenti a root (cio\(`e tutti quelli con UID 0)\&.
+.PP
+Ogni riga descrive un limite per l\*(Aqutente in questo formato:
+.PP
+\fIutente TESTO_LIMITE\fR
+.PP
+oppure nel formato:
+.PP
+\fI@gruppo TESTO_LIMITE\fR
+.PP
+The
+\fILIMITS_STRING\fR
+is a string of a concatenated list of resource limits\&. Each limit consists of a letter identifier followed by a numerical limit\&.
+.PP
+Gli identificatori validi sono:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+A: spazio massimo di indirizzamento (kB)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+C: dimensione massima dei file \(Focore\(Fc (kB)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+D: spazio massimo per i dati (kB)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+F: maximum file size (KB)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+K: file creation mask, set by
+\fBumask\fR(2)\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+I: massimo valore di \(Fonice\(Fc (0\&.\&.39 che viene tradotto in 20\&.\&.\-19)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+L: massimo numero di accessi per questo utente
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+M: massima quantit\(`a di memoria bloccata (della quale non si pu\(`o fare \(Foswap\(Fc) (kB)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+N: numero massimo di file aperti
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+O: massima priorit\(`a \(Foreal time\(Fc
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+P: process priority, set by
+\fBsetpriority\fR(2)\&.
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+R: massimo \(Foresident set size\(Fc (kB)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+S: dimensione massima della pila (kB)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+T: quantit\(`a massima di tempo CPU (MIN)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+U: massimo numero di processi
+.RE
+.PP
+For example,
+\fIL2D2048N5\fR
+is a valid
+\fILIMITS_STRING\fR\&. For reading convenience, the following entries are equivalent:
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+      username L2D2048N5
+      username L2 D2048 N5
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.PP
+Be aware that after
+\fIusername\fR
+the rest of the line is considered a limit string, thus comments are not allowed\&. An invalid limits string will be rejected (not considered) by the
+\fBlogin\fR
+program\&.
+.PP
+The default entry is denoted by username "\fI*\fR"\&. If you have multiple
+\fIdefault\fR
+entries in your
+\fILIMITS_FILE\fR, then the last one will be used as the default entry\&.
+.PP
+The limits specified in the form "\fI@group\fR" apply to the members of the specified
+\fIgroup\fR\&.
+.PP
+If more than one line with limits for a user exist, only the first line for this user will be considered\&.
+.PP
+If no lines are specified for a user, the last
+\fI@group\fR
+line matching a group whose the user is a member of will be considered, or the last line with default limits if no groups contain the user\&.
+.PP
+To completely disable limits for a user, a single dash "\fI\-\fR" will do\&.
+.PP
+To disable a limit for a user, a single dash "\fI\-\fR" can be used instead of the numerical value for this limit\&.
+.PP
+Notare inoltre che tutte queste impostazioni sono effettuate ad ogni accesso\&. Non si tratta di impostazioni globali n\('e permanenti\&. Forse limiti globali saranno possibili in futuro, ma per ora devono bastare questi ;)
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/limits
+.RS 4
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBsetpriority\fR(2),
+\fBsetrlimit\fR(2)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man5/login.access.5 b/man/it/man5/login.access.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0c6d858
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man5/login.access.5
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: login.access
+.\"    Author: Marek Micha\(/lkiewicz
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "LOGIN\&.ACCESS" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+login.access \- tabella di controllo accessi
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fIlogin\&.access\fR
+file specifies (user, host) combinations and/or (user, tty) combinations for which a login will be either accepted or refused\&.
+.PP
+When someone logs in, the
+\fIlogin\&.access\fR
+is scanned for the first entry that matches the (user, host) combination, or, in case of non\-networked logins, the first entry that matches the (user, tty) combination\&. The permissions field of that table entry determines whether the login will be accepted or refused\&.
+.PP
+Ogni riga della tabella di controllo degli accessi ha tre campi separati dal carattere \(Fo:\(Fc:
+.PP
+\fIpermission\fR:\fIusers\fR:\fIorigins\fR
+.PP
+The first field should be a "\fI+\fR" (access granted) or "\fI\-\fR" (access denied) character\&. The second field should be a list of one or more login names, group names, or
+\fIALL\fR
+(always matches)\&. The third field should be a list of one or more tty names (for non\-networked logins), host names, domain names (begin with "\&."), host addresses, internet network numbers (end with "\&."),
+\fIALL\fR
+(always matches) or
+\fILOCAL\fR
+(matches any string that does not contain a "\&." character)\&. If you run NIS you can use @netgroupname in host or user patterns\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fIEXCEPT\fR
+operator makes it possible to write very compact rules\&.
+.PP
+La ricerca nel file dei gruppi avviene solo quando il nome non corrisponde a quello dell\*(Aqutente che accede\&. I gruppi che possono corrispondere sono solo quelli nei quali l\*(Aqutente \(`e esplicitamente elencato: il programma non controlla l\*(Aqid del gruppo primario dell\*(Aqutente\&.
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Configurazione del pacchetto password shadow
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man5/login.defs.5 b/man/it/man5/login.defs.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e75949f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man5/login.defs.5
@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: login.defs
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "LOGIN\&.DEFS" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+login.defs \- configurazione del pacchetto password shadow
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+/etc/login\&.defs
+file defines the site\-specific configuration for the shadow password suite\&. This file is required\&. Absence of this file will not prevent system operation, but will probably result in undesirable operation\&.
+.PP
+Questo file \(`e un file di testo leggibile nel quale ogni riga descrive un parametro di configurazione\&. Le righe consistono di una coppia nome valore separati da spazi\&. Le righe vuote e di commento sono ignorate\&. I commenti iniziano con con il simbolo "#" che deve essere il primo carattere diverso da spazio della riga\&.
+.PP
+Parameter values may be of four types: strings, booleans, numbers, and long numbers\&. A string is comprised of any printable characters\&. A boolean should be either the value
+\fIyes\fR
+or
+\fIno\fR\&. An undefined boolean parameter or one with a value other than these will be given a
+\fIno\fR
+value\&. Numbers (both regular and long) may be either decimal values, octal values (precede the value with
+\fI0\fR) or hexadecimal values (precede the value with
+\fI0x\fR)\&. The maximum value of the regular and long numeric parameters is machine\-dependent\&.
+.PP
+Sono forniti i seguenti parametri di configurazione:
+.PP
+\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR,
+\fBPASS_MIN_DAYS\fR
+and
+\fBPASS_WARN_AGE\fR
+are only used at the time of account creation\&. Any changes to these settings won\*(Aqt affect existing accounts\&.
+.SH "RIFERIMENTI INCROCIATI"
+.PP
+I seguenti riferimenti incrociati mostrano quali programmi del pacchetto shadow password utilizzano quali parametri\&.
+.PP
+chfn
+.RS 4
+CHFN_AUTH
+CHFN_RESTRICT
+LOGIN_STRING
+.RE
+.PP
+chgpasswd
+.RS 4
+ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB
+SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS
+.RE
+.PP
+chpasswd
+.RS 4
+ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB
+SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS
+.RE
+.PP
+chsh
+.RS 4
+CHSH_AUTH LOGIN_STRING
+.RE
+.PP
+gpasswd
+.RS 4
+ENCRYPT_METHOD MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB
+SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS
+.RE
+.PP
+groupadd
+.RS 4
+GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN
+.RE
+.PP
+groupdel
+.RS 4
+MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.PP
+groupmems
+.RS 4
+MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.PP
+groupmod
+.RS 4
+MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.PP
+grpck
+.RS 4
+MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.PP
+grpconv
+.RS 4
+MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.PP
+grpunconv
+.RS 4
+MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.PP
+lastlog
+.RS 4
+LASTLOG_UID_MAX
+.RE
+.PP
+login
+.RS 4
+CONSOLE
+CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME
+ENV_HZ ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH ENV_TZ ENVIRON_FILE
+ERASECHAR FAIL_DELAY
+FAILLOG_ENAB
+FAKE_SHELL
+FTMP_FILE
+HUSHLOGIN_FILE
+ISSUE_FILE
+KILLCHAR
+LASTLOG_ENAB LASTLOG_UID_MAX
+LOGIN_RETRIES
+LOGIN_STRING
+LOGIN_TIMEOUT LOG_OK_LOGINS LOG_UNKFAIL_ENAB
+MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MOTD_FILE NOLOGINS_FILE PORTTIME_CHECKS_ENAB QUOTAS_ENAB
+TTYGROUP TTYPERM TTYTYPE_FILE
+ULIMIT UMASK
+USERGROUPS_ENAB
+.RE
+.PP
+newgrp / sg
+.RS 4
+SYSLOG_SG_ENAB
+.RE
+.PP
+newusers
+.RS 4
+ENCRYPT_METHOD GID_MAX GID_MIN MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP MD5_CRYPT_ENAB HOME_MODE PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE
+SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS
+SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK
+.RE
+.PP
+passwd
+.RS 4
+ENCRYPT_METHOD MD5_CRYPT_ENAB OBSCURE_CHECKS_ENAB PASS_ALWAYS_WARN PASS_CHANGE_TRIES PASS_MAX_LEN PASS_MIN_LEN
+SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS
+.RE
+.PP
+pwck
+.RS 4
+PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE
+.RE
+.PP
+pwconv
+.RS 4
+PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE
+.RE
+.PP
+su
+.RS 4
+CONSOLE
+CONSOLE_GROUPS DEFAULT_HOME
+ENV_HZ ENVIRON_FILE
+ENV_PATH ENV_SUPATH
+ENV_TZ LOGIN_STRING MAIL_CHECK_ENAB MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE QUOTAS_ENAB
+SULOG_FILE SU_NAME
+SU_WHEEL_ONLY
+SYSLOG_SU_ENAB
+USERGROUPS_ENAB
+.RE
+.PP
+sulogin
+.RS 4
+ENV_HZ
+ENV_TZ
+.RE
+.PP
+useradd
+.RS 4
+CREATE_HOME GID_MAX GID_MIN HOME_MODE LASTLOG_UID_MAX MAIL_DIR MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP PASS_MAX_DAYS PASS_MIN_DAYS PASS_WARN_AGE SUB_GID_COUNT SUB_GID_MAX SUB_GID_MIN SUB_UID_COUNT SUB_UID_MAX SUB_UID_MIN SYS_GID_MAX SYS_GID_MIN SYS_UID_MAX SYS_UID_MIN UID_MAX UID_MIN UMASK
+.RE
+.PP
+userdel
+.RS 4
+MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP USERDEL_CMD USERGROUPS_ENAB
+.RE
+.PP
+usermod
+.RS 4
+LASTLOG_UID_MAX MAIL_DIR MAIL_FILE MAX_MEMBERS_PER_GROUP
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBshadow\fR(5),
+\fBpam\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man5/passwd.5 b/man/it/man5/passwd.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c7e21d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man5/passwd.5
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: passwd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "PASSWD" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+passwd \- il file delle password
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+contains one line for each user account, with seven fields delimited by colons (\(Fo:\(Fc)\&. These fields are:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+nome di login
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+password cifrata opzionale
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+ID utente numerico
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+ID gruppo numerico
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+nome utente o commento
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+directory home utente
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+interprete dei comandi utente opzionale
+.RE
+.PP
+If the
+\fIpassword\fR
+field is a lower\-case
+\(Fox\(Fc, then the encrypted password is actually stored in the
+\fBshadow\fR(5)
+file instead; there
+\fImust\fR
+be a corresponding line in the
+/etc/shadow
+file, or else the user account is invalid\&.
+.PP
+The encrypted
+\fIpassword\fR
+field may be empty, in which case no password is required to authenticate as the specified login name\&. However, some applications which read the
+/etc/passwd
+file may decide not to permit
+\fIany\fR
+access at all if the
+\fIpassword\fR
+field is blank\&.
+.PP
+A
+\fIpassword\fR
+field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the password is locked\&. The remaining characters on the line represent the
+\fIpassword\fR
+field before the password was locked\&.
+.PP
+Refer to
+\fBcrypt\fR(3)
+for details on how this string is interpreted\&.
+.PP
+If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of
+\fBcrypt\fR(3), for instance ! or *, the user will not be able to use a unix password to log in (but the user may log in the system by other means)\&.
+.PP
+The comment field, also known as the gecos field, is used by various system utilities, such as
+\fBfinger\fR(1)\&. The use of an ampersand here will be replaced by the capitalised login name when the field is used or displayed by such system utilities\&.
+.PP
+The home directory field provides the name of the initial working directory\&. The
+\fBlogin\fR
+program uses this information to set the value of the
+\fB$HOME\fR
+environmental variable\&.
+.PP
+The command interpreter field provides the name of the user\*(Aqs command language interpreter, or the name of the initial program to execute\&. The
+\fBlogin\fR
+program uses this information to set the value of the
+\fB$SHELL\fR
+environmental variable\&. If this field is empty, it defaults to the value
+/bin/sh\&.
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+file opzionale delle password cifrate
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd\-
+.RS 4
+Copia di backup di /etc/passwd\&.
+.sp
+Notare che questo file viene usato dagli strumenti del pacchetto shadow, ma non da tutti gli strumenti per la gestione di utenti e password\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBcrypt\fR(3),
+\fBgetent\fR(1),
+\fBgetpwnam\fR(3),
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBpwck\fR(8),
+\fBpwconv\fR(8),
+\fBpwunconv\fR(8),
+\fBshadow\fR(5),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBsulogin\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man5/porttime.5 b/man/it/man5/porttime.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..103f944
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man5/porttime.5
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: porttime
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "PORTTIME" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+porttime \- file delle porte e degli orari d\*(Aqaccesso
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+\fIporttime\fR
+contains a list of tty devices, user names, and permitted login times\&.
+.PP
+Ciascuna voce \(`e composta da tre campi separati da due punti\&. Il primo \(`e un elenco di device tty, separati da virgole, oppure un asterisco per indicare che la voce corrisponde a qualsiasi device\&. Il secondo campo \(`e un elenco di nomi utente, separati da virgole, oppure un asterisco per indicare che la voce corrisponde ad ogni utente\&. Il terzo campo \(`e un elenco degli orari, separati da virgole, in cui \(`e consentito l\*(Aqaccesso\&.
+.PP
+Each access time entry consists of zero or more days of the week, abbreviated
+\fISu\fR,
+\fIMo\fR,
+\fITu\fR,
+\fIWe\fR,
+\fITh\fR,
+\fIFr\fR, and
+\fISa\fR, followed by a pair of times separated by a hyphen\&. The abbreviation
+\fIWk\fR
+may be used to represent Monday thru Friday, and
+\fIAl\fR
+may be used to indicate every day\&. If no days are given,
+\fIAl\fR
+is assumed\&.
+.SH "ESEMPI"
+.PP
+The following entry allows access to user
+\fBjfh\fR
+on every port during weekdays from 9am to 5pm\&.
+.PP
+*:jfh:Wk0900\-1700
+.PP
+The following entries allow access only to the users
+\fIroot\fR
+and
+\fIoper\fR
+on
+/dev/console
+at any time\&. This illustrates how the
+/etc/porttime
+file is an ordered list of access times\&. Any other user would match the second entry which does not permit access at any time\&.
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+      console:root,oper:Al0000\-2400
+      console:*:
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.PP
+The following entry allows access for the user
+\fIgames\fR
+on any port during non\-working hours\&.
+.PP
+*:games:Wk1700\-0900,SaSu0000\-2400
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/porttime
+.RS 4
+File contenente gli accessi alle porte\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man5/shadow.5 b/man/it/man5/shadow.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bff6caa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man5/shadow.5
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: shadow
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "SHADOW" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+shadow \- file delle password shadow
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+shadow
+is a file which contains the password information for the system\*(Aqs accounts and optional aging information\&.
+.PP
+Questo file non deve essere leggibile dagli utenti normali se si vuole mantenere la sicurezza sulle password\&.
+.PP
+Each line of this file contains 9 fields, separated by colons (\(Fo:\(Fc), in the following order:
+.PP
+\fBnome di login\fR
+.RS 4
+Deve essere un nome valido di un account esistente nel sistema\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBpassword cifrata\fR
+.RS 4
+This field may be empty, in which case no passwords are required to authenticate as the specified login name\&. However, some applications which read the
+/etc/shadow
+file may decide not to permit any access at all if the password field is empty\&.
+.sp
+A password field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the password is locked\&. The remaining characters on the line represent the password field before the password was locked\&.
+.sp
+Refer to
+\fBcrypt\fR(3)
+for details on how this string is interpreted\&.
+.sp
+If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of
+\fBcrypt\fR(3), for instance ! or *, the user will not be able to use a unix password to log in (but the user may log in the system by other means)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBdata dell\*(Aqultimo cambio di password\fR
+.RS 4
+The date of the last password change, expressed as the number of days since Jan 1, 1970 00:00 UTC\&.
+.sp
+The value 0 has a special meaning, which is that the user should change her password the next time she will log in the system\&.
+.sp
+Un campo vuoto implica che la scadenza della password \(`e disabilitata\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBet\(`a minima password\fR
+.RS 4
+L\*(Aqet\(`a minima password \(`e il numero di giorni che l\*(Aqutente dovr\(`a attendere prima di poter cambiare nuovamente la propria password\&.
+.sp
+An empty field and value 0 mean that there is no minimum password age\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBet\(`a massima password\fR
+.RS 4
+L\*(Aqet\(`a massima password \(`e il numero di giorni dopo il quale l\*(Aqutente deve cambiare la propria password\&.
+.sp
+Quando questo numero di giorni \(`e passato, la password pu\(`o ancora essere valida\&. All\*(Aqutente verr\(`a chiesto di cambiare la password durante il successivo accesso\&.
+.sp
+Un campo vuoto indica che non ci sono una et\(`a massima password, un periodo di avviso e nessun periodo di inattivit\(`a (vedere oltre)\&.
+.sp
+Se l\*(Aqet\(`a massima password \(`e minore dell\*(Aqet\(`a minima password, l\*(Aqutente non pu\(`o cambiare la propria password\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBperiodo avviso password\fR
+.RS 4
+Il numero di giorni prima della scadenza di una password (vedere et\(`a massima password, sopra) durante il quale l\*(Aqutente riceve un avviso\&.
+.sp
+Un campo vuoto e il valore 0 indicano che non c\*(Aq\(`e un periodo di avviso password\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBperiodo inattivit\(`a password\fR
+.RS 4
+Il numero di giorni dopo la scadenza della password (vedere et\(`a massima password, sopra) durante il quale la password \(`e ancora accettata (e l\*(Aqutente dovrebbe aggiornare la propria password al primo accesso)\&.
+.sp
+After expiration of the password and this expiration period is elapsed, no login is possible for the user\&. The user should contact her administrator\&.
+.sp
+Un campo vuoto implica che non \(`e applicato il periodo di inattivit\(`a\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBdata scadenza account\fR
+.RS 4
+The date of expiration of the account, expressed as the number of days since Jan 1, 1970 00:00 UTC\&.
+.sp
+Note that an account expiration differs from a password expiration\&. In case of an account expiration, the user shall not be allowed to login\&. In case of a password expiration, the user is not allowed to login using her password\&.
+.sp
+Un campo vuoto implica che l\*(Aqaccount non scade mai\&.
+.sp
+Il valore 0 non andrebbe usato perch\('e potrebbe essere interpretato come account che non scade o come scaduto il 1 gennaio 1970\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBcampo riservato\fR
+.RS 4
+Questo campo \(`e riservato per uso futuro\&.
+.RE
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sicure sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow\-
+.RS 4
+Copia di backup per /etc/shadow\&.
+.sp
+Notare che questo file viene usato dagli strumenti del pacchetto shadow, ma non da tutti gli strumenti per la gestione di utenti e password\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBchage\fR(1),
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBpwck\fR(8),
+\fBpwconv\fR(8),
+\fBpwunconv\fR(8),
+\fBsu\fR(1),
+\fBsulogin\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man5/suauth.5 b/man/it/man5/suauth.5
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9740c69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man5/suauth.5
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: suauth
+.\"    Author: Marek Micha\(/lkiewicz
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "SUAUTH" "5" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "File Formats and Configuration"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+suauth \- file di controllo dettagliato per \(Fosu\(Fc
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fB/etc/suauth\fR\ 'u
+\fB/etc/suauth\fR
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The file
+/etc/suauth
+is referenced whenever the su command is called\&. It can change the behaviour of the su command, based upon:
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+      1) the user su is targeting
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.PP
+2) l\*(Aqutente che sta invocando \(Fosu\(Fc (o qualsiasi gruppo del quale questi faccia parte)
+.PP
+Il formato del file \(`e il seguente, con le righe che iniziano con \(Fo#\(Fc trattate come commenti e ignorate;
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+      to\-id:from\-id:ACTION
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.PP
+Where to\-id is either the word
+\fIALL\fR, a list of usernames delimited by "," or the words
+\fIALL EXCEPT\fR
+followed by a list of usernames delimited by ","\&.
+.PP
+from\-id is formatted the same as to\-id except the extra word
+\fIGROUP\fR
+is recognized\&.
+\fIALL EXCEPT GROUP\fR
+is perfectly valid too\&. Following
+\fIGROUP\fR
+appears one or more group names, delimited by ","\&. It is not sufficient to have primary group id of the relevant group, an entry in
+\fB/etc/group\fR(5)
+is necessary\&.
+.PP
+AZIONE pu\(`o essere una delle seguenti opzioni attualmente supportate\&.
+.PP
+\fIDENY\fR
+.RS 4
+Il tentativo di usare \(Fosu\(Fc viene bloccato prima ancora che la password sia chiesta\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fINOPASS\fR
+.RS 4
+Il tentativo di usare \(Fosu\(Fc ha successo senza neppure chiedere la password\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIOWNPASS\fR
+.RS 4
+Perch\('e \(Fosu\(Fc abbia successo, l\*(Aqutente deve inserire la propria password che verr\(`a espressamente richiesta\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+Notare che ci sono tre campi diversi separati da \(Fo:\(Fc\&. Nessuno spazio deve affiancare i due punti\&. Notare anche che il file viene esaminato in maniera sequenziale una riga alla volta, e la prima regola applicabile viene utilizzata senza procede con la lettura delle successive\&. Questo permette all\*(Aqamministratore di sistema di impostare dei controlli allargati o puntuali, come preferisce\&.
+.SH "ESEMPIO"
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+      # sample /etc/suauth file
+      #
+      # A couple of privileged usernames may
+      # su to root with their own password\&.
+      #
+      root:chris,birddog:OWNPASS
+      #
+      # Anyone else may not su to root unless in
+      # group wheel\&. This is how BSD does things\&.
+      #
+      root:ALL EXCEPT GROUP wheel:DENY
+      #
+      # Perhaps terry and birddog are accounts
+      # owned by the same person\&.
+      # Access can be arranged between them
+      # with no password\&.
+      #
+      terry:birddog:NOPASS
+      birddog:terry:NOPASS
+      #
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/suauth
+.RS 4
+.RE
+.SH "ERRORI"
+.PP
+Ce ne possono essere molti non visti\&. Il parser dei file \(`e particolarmente rigido sugli errori di sintassi, attendendo l\*(Aqassenza di spazi estranei (ad eccezione di inizio e fine riga) e specifici separatori per delimitare oggetti diversi\&.
+.SH "DIAGNOSTICA"
+.PP
+An error parsing the file is reported using
+\fBsyslogd\fR(8)
+as level ERR on facility AUTH\&.
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBsu\fR(1)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man8/chgpasswd.8 b/man/it/man8/chgpasswd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8e889fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man8/chgpasswd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: chgpasswd
+.\"    Author: Thomas K\(/loczko <kloczek@pld.org.pl>
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi per la gestione del sistema
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "CHGPASSWD" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi per la gestione del si"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+chgpasswd \- aggiorna le password di gruppo in modalit\(`a non interattiva
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBchgpasswd\fR\ 'u
+\fBchgpasswd\fR [\fIopzioni\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchgpasswd\fR
+command reads a list of group name and password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a set of existing groups\&. Each line is of the format:
+.PP
+\fIgroup_name\fR:\fIpassword\fR
+.PP
+By default the supplied password must be in clear\-text, and is encrypted by
+\fBchgpasswd\fR\&.
+.PP
+The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR
+variable of
+/etc/login\&.defs, and can be overwritten with the
+\fB\-e\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR, or
+\fB\-c\fR
+options\&.
+.PP
+Questo comando \(`e appositamente pensato per grossi sistemi in cui si abbia la necessit\(`a di creare molti account nello stesso momento\&.
+.SH "OPZIONI"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBchgpasswd\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-crypt\-method\fR
+.RS 4
+Utilizza il metodo specificato per cifrare le password\&.
+.sp
+I metodi disponibili sono DES, MD5, NONE e SHA256 o SHA512 se la propria libc lo consente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-encrypted\fR
+.RS 4
+Le password fornite sono in forma cifrata\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-md5\fR
+.RS 4
+Usa la cifratura MD5 anzich\('e DES quando le password fornite non sono cifrate\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sha\-rounds\fR
+.RS 4
+Usa il numero specificato di cicli per cifrare la password\&.
+.sp
+Il valore 0 indica che il sistema utilizzer\(`a il numero predefinito di cicli per il metodo crypt (5000)\&.
+.sp
+I valori minimo di 1\&.000 e massimo di 999\&.999\&.999 sono forzati\&.
+.sp
+Si pu\(`o utilizzare questa opzione solo con i metodi di cifratura SHA256 o SHA512\&.
+.sp
+By default, the number of rounds is defined by the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "AVVISI/CAVEAT"
+.PP
+Ricordarsi di impostare i permessi o umask in modo da prevenire la lettura in chiaro da parte di altri utenti\&.
+.PP
+Ci si deve accertare che le password e il metodo di cifratura rispettino le norme delle password del sistema\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account di gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sicure sugli account di gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Configurazione del pacchetto password shadow
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBgpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man8/chpasswd.8 b/man/it/man8/chpasswd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fbbf955
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man8/chpasswd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: chpasswd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi per la gestione del sistema
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "CHPASSWD" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi per la gestione del si"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+chpasswd \- aggiorna le password in modo non interattivo
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBchpasswd\fR\ 'u
+\fBchpasswd\fR [\fIopzioni\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBchpasswd\fR
+command reads a list of user name and password pairs from standard input and uses this information to update a group of existing users\&. Each line is of the format:
+.PP
+\fIuser_name\fR:\fIpassword\fR
+.PP
+By default the passwords must be supplied in clear\-text, and are encrypted by
+\fBchpasswd\fR\&. Also the password age will be updated, if present\&.
+.PP
+The default encryption algorithm can be defined for the system with the
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR
+or
+\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR
+variables of
+/etc/login\&.defs, and can be overwritten with the
+\fB\-e\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR, or
+\fB\-c\fR
+options\&.
+.PP
+\fBchpasswd\fR
+first updates all the passwords in memory, and then commits all the changes to disk if no errors occurred for any user\&.
+.PP
+Questo comando \(`e appositamente pensato per grossi sistemi in cui si abbia la necessit\(`a di creare molti account nello stesso momento\&.
+.SH "OPZIONI"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBchpasswd\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-crypt\-method\fR\ \&\fIMETHOD\fR
+.RS 4
+Utilizza il metodo specificato per cifrare le password\&.
+.sp
+I metodi disponibili sono DES, MD5, NONE e SHA256 o SHA512 se la propria libc lo consente\&.
+.sp
+By default (if none of the
+\fB\-c\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR, or
+\fB\-e\fR
+options are specified), the encryption method is defined by the
+\fBENCRYPT_METHOD\fR
+or
+\fBMD5_CRYPT_ENAB\fR
+variables of
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-encrypted\fR
+.RS 4
+Le password fornite sono in forma cifrata\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-md5\fR
+.RS 4
+Usa la cifratura MD5 anzich\('e DES quando le password fornite non sono cifrate\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sha\-rounds\fR\ \&\fIROUNDS\fR
+.RS 4
+Usa il numero specificato di cicli per cifrare la password\&.
+.sp
+Il valore 0 indica che il sistema utilizzer\(`a il numero predefinito di cicli per il metodo crypt (5000)\&.
+.sp
+I valori minimo di 1\&.000 e massimo di 999\&.999\&.999 sono forzati\&.
+.sp
+Si pu\(`o utilizzare questa opzione solo con i metodi di cifratura SHA256 o SHA512\&.
+.sp
+By default, the number of rounds is defined by the
+\fBSHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS\fR
+and
+\fBSHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS\fR
+variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "AVVISI/CAVEAT"
+.PP
+Ricordarsi di impostare i permessi o umask in modo da prevenire la lettura in chiaro da parte di altri utenti\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sicure sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Configurazione del pacchetto password shadow
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBnewusers\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man8/faillog.8 b/man/it/man8/faillog.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b6e565d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man8/faillog.8
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: faillog
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi per la gestione del sistema
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "FAILLOG" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi per la gestione del si"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+faillog \- mostra le registrazioni e imposta i limiti degli accessi falliti
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBfaillog\fR\ 'u
+\fBfaillog\fR [\fIopzioni\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+\fBfaillog\fR
+displays the contents of the failure log database (/var/log/faillog)\&. It can also set the failure counters and limits\&. When
+\fBfaillog\fR
+is run without arguments, it only displays the faillog records of the users who had a login failure\&.
+.SH "OPZIONI"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBfaillog\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-all\fR
+.RS 4
+Display (or act on) faillog records for all users having an entry in the
+faillog
+database\&.
+.sp
+The range of users can be restricted with the
+\fB\-u\fR
+option\&.
+.sp
+Nella modalit\(`a di visualizzazione, questo \(`e gi\(`a ristretto ai soli utenti esistenti, ma vengono mostrate anche eventuali registrazioni vuote\&.
+.sp
+With the
+\fB\-l\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR,
+\fB\-r\fR,
+\fB\-t\fR
+options, the users\*(Aq records are changed, even if the user does not exist on the system\&. This is useful to reset records of users that have been deleted or to set a policy in advance for a range of users\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-lock\-secs\fR\ \&\fISEC\fR
+.RS 4
+Lock account for
+\fISEC\fR
+seconds after failed login\&.
+.sp
+Write access to
+/var/log/faillog
+is required for this option\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-maximum\fR\ \&\fIMAX\fR
+.RS 4
+Set the maximum number of login failures after the account is disabled to
+\fIMAX\fR\&.
+.sp
+Selecting a
+\fIMAX\fR
+value of 0 has the effect of not placing a limit on the number of failed logins\&.
+.sp
+The maximum failure count should always be 0 for
+\fIroot\fR
+to prevent a denial of services attack against the system\&.
+.sp
+Write access to
+/var/log/faillog
+is required for this option\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-reset\fR
+.RS 4
+Azzera i contatori degli accessi falliti\&.
+.sp
+Write access to
+/var/log/faillog
+is required for this option\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-t\fR, \fB\-\-time\fR\ \&\fIDAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Display faillog records more recent than
+\fIDAYS\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-user\fR\ \&\fILOGIN\fR|\fIRANGE\fR
+.RS 4
+Display faillog record or maintains failure counters and limits (if used with
+\fB\-l\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR
+or
+\fB\-r\fR
+options) only for the specified user(s)\&.
+.sp
+The users can be specified by a login name, a numerical user ID, or a
+\fIRANGE\fR
+of users\&. This
+\fIRANGE\fR
+of users can be specified with a min and max values (\fIUID_MIN\-UID_MAX\fR), a max value (\fI\-UID_MAX\fR), or a min value (\fIUID_MIN\-\fR)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+When none of the
+\fB\-l\fR,
+\fB\-m\fR, or
+\fB\-r\fR
+options are used,
+\fBfaillog\fR
+displays the faillog record of the specified user(s)\&.
+.SH "AVVISI/CAVEAT"
+.PP
+\fBfaillog\fR
+only prints out users with no successful login since the last failure\&. To print out a user who has had a successful login since their last failure, you must explicitly request the user with the
+\fB\-u\fR
+flag, or print out all users with the
+\fB\-a\fR
+flag\&.
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/var/log/faillog
+.RS 4
+File per tracciare gli accessi falliti\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBfaillog\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man8/groupadd.8 b/man/it/man8/groupadd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b0904e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man8/groupadd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: groupadd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi per la gestione del sistema
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "GROUPADD" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi per la gestione del si"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+groupadd \- crea un nuovo gruppo
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBgroupadd\fR\ 'u
+\fBgroupadd\fR [\fIOPZIONI\fR] \fINEWGROUP\fR
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupadd\fR
+command creates a new group account using the values specified on the command line plus the default values from the system\&. The new group will be entered into the system files as needed\&.
+.PP
+Groupnames may contain only lower and upper case letters, digits, underscores, or dashes\&. They can end with a dollar sign\&. Dashes are not allowed at the beginning of the groupname\&. Fully numeric groupnames and groupnames \&. or \&.\&. are also disallowed\&.
+.PP
+Groupnames may only be up to 32 characters long\&.
+.SH "OPZIONI"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBgroupadd\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR
+.RS 4
+This option causes the command to simply exit with success status if the specified group already exists\&. When used with
+\fB\-g\fR, and the specified GID already exists, another (unique) GID is chosen (i\&.e\&.
+\fB\-g\fR
+is turned off)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGID\fR
+.RS 4
+The numerical value of the group\*(Aqs ID\&.
+\fIGID\fR
+must be unique, unless the
+\fB\-o\fR
+option is used\&. The value must be non\-negative\&. The default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to
+\fBGID_MIN\fR
+and greater than every other group\&.
+.sp
+See also the
+\fB\-r\fR
+option and the
+\fBGID_MAX\fR
+description\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-K\fR, \fB\-\-key\fR\ \&\fIKEY\fR=\fIVALUE\fR
+.RS 4
+Overrides
+/etc/login\&.defs
+defaults (GID_MIN, GID_MAX and others)\&. Multiple
+\fB\-K\fR
+options can be specified\&.
+.sp
+Example:
+\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIGID_MIN\fR=\fI100\fR\ \&
+\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIGID_MAX\fR=\fI499\fR
+.sp
+Note:
+\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIGID_MIN\fR=\fI10\fR,\fIGID_MAX\fR=\fI499\fR
+doesn\*(Aqt work yet\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR
+.RS 4
+permits the creation of a group with an already used numerical ID\&. As a result, for this
+\fIGID\fR, the mapping towards group
+\fINEWGROUP\fR
+may not be unique\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR
+.RS 4
+defines an initial password for the group account\&. PASSWORD is expected to be encrypted, as returned by
+\fBcrypt \fR(3)\&.
+.sp
+Without this option, the group account will be locked and with no password defined, i\&.e\&. a single exclamation mark in the respective field of ths system account file
+/etc/group
+or
+/etc/gshadow\&.
+.sp
+\fBNote:\fR
+This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&.
+.sp
+Ci si deve accertare che la password rispetti le norme delle password del sistema\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-system\fR
+.RS 4
+Crea un gruppo di sistema\&.
+.sp
+The numeric identifiers of new system groups are chosen in the
+\fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR\-\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR
+range, defined in
+login\&.defs, instead of
+\fBGID_MIN\fR\-\fBGID_MAX\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes to configuration files under the root filesystem found under the directory
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-users\fR
+.RS 4
+A list of usernames to add as members of the group\&.
+.sp
+The default behavior (if the
+\fB\-g\fR,
+\fB\-N\fR, and
+\fB\-U\fR
+options are not specified) is defined by the
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+variable in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account di gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sicure sugli account di gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Configurazione del pacchetto password shadow
+.RE
+.SH "AVVISI/CAVEAT"
+.PP
+Non \(`e possibile aggiungere un gruppo NIS o LDAP\&. Questo deve essere fatto sul server corrispondente\&.
+.PP
+If the groupname already exists in an external group database such as NIS or LDAP,
+\fBgroupadd\fR
+will deny the group creation request\&.
+.SH "VALORI RESTITUITI"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupadd\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid argument to option
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+GID is already used (when called without
+\fB\-o\fR)
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI9\fR
+.RS 4
+group name is already used
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI10\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update group file
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man8/groupdel.8 b/man/it/man8/groupdel.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aab0a5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man8/groupdel.8
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: groupdel
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi per la gestione del sistema
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "GROUPDEL" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi per la gestione del si"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+groupdel \- rimuove un gruppo
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBgroupdel\fR\ 'u
+\fBgroupdel\fR [\fIopzioni\fR] \fIGRUPPO\fR
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupdel\fR
+command modifies the system account files, deleting all entries that refer to
+\fIGROUP\fR\&. The named group must exist\&.
+.SH "OPZIONI"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBgroupdel\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR
+.RS 4
+This option forces the removal of the group, even if there\*(Aqs some user having the group as the primary one\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
+.RE
+.SH "AVVISI/CAVEAT"
+.PP
+Non si pu\(`o rimuovere un gruppo che sia gruppo primario di un utente\&. Occorre rimuovere l\*(Aqutente prima di rimuovere il gruppo\&.
+.PP
+Occorre controllare manualmente tutti i file system per assicurarsi che non rimanga alcun file avente questo ID di gruppo\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account di gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sicure sugli account di gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VALORI RESTITUITI"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupdel\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+specified group doesn\*(Aqt exist
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI8\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt remove user\*(Aqs primary group
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI10\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update group file
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man8/groupmems.8 b/man/it/man8/groupmems.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f5371ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man8/groupmems.8
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: groupmems
+.\"    Author: George Kraft, IV
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi per la gestione del sistema
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "GROUPMEMS" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi per la gestione del si"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+groupmems \- membri amministratori del gruppo primario dell\*(Aqutente
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBgroupmems\fR\ 'u
+\fBgroupmems\fR \-a\ \fIuser_name\fR | \-d\ \fIuser_name\fR | [\-g\ \fIgroup_name\fR] | \-l | \-p 
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+command allows a user to administer their own group membership list without the requirement of superuser privileges\&. The
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+utility is for systems that configure its users to be in their own name sake primary group (i\&.e\&., guest / guest)\&.
+.PP
+Only the superuser, as administrator, can use
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+to alter the memberships of other groups\&.
+.SH "OPZIONI"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-add\fR\ \&\fIuser_name\fR
+.RS 4
+Add a user to the group membership list\&.
+.sp
+If the
+/etc/gshadow
+file exist, and the group has no entry in the
+/etc/gshadow
+file, a new entry will be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-delete\fR\ \&\fIuser_name\fR
+.RS 4
+Cancella un utente dall\*(Aqelenco degli utenti del gruppo\&.
+.sp
+If the
+/etc/gshadow
+file exist, the user will be removed from the list of members and administrators of the group\&.
+.sp
+If the
+/etc/gshadow
+file exist, and the group has no entry in the
+/etc/gshadow
+file, a new entry will be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-group\fR\ \&\fIgroup_name\fR
+.RS 4
+Il super utente pu\(`o specificare quale elenco di membri del gruppo modificare\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-list\fR
+.RS 4
+Elenca tutti i membri del gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-purge\fR
+.RS 4
+Elimina tutti gli utenti dalla lista dei membri del gruppo\&.
+.sp
+If the
+/etc/gshadow
+file exist, and the group has no entry in the
+/etc/gshadow
+file, a new entry will be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+executable should be in mode
+2710
+as user
+\fIroot\fR
+and in group
+\fIgroups\fR\&. The system administrator can add users to group
+\fIgroups\fR
+to allow or disallow them using the
+\fBgroupmems\fR
+utility to manage their own group membership list\&.
+.sp
+.if n \{\
+.RS 4
+.\}
+.nf
+	$ groupadd \-r groups
+	$ chmod 2710 groupmems
+	$ chown root\&.groups groupmems
+	$ groupmems \-g groups \-a gk4
+    
+.fi
+.if n \{\
+.RE
+.\}
+.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account di gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+informazioni sicure sugli account di gruppo
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man8/groupmod.8 b/man/it/man8/groupmod.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8616864
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man8/groupmod.8
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: groupmod
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi per la gestione del sistema
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "GROUPMOD" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi per la gestione del si"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+groupmod \- modifica la definizione di un gruppo del sistema
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBgroupmod\fR\ 'u
+\fBgroupmod\fR [\fIopzioni\fR] \fIGRUPPO\fR
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupmod\fR
+command modifies the definition of the specified
+\fIGROUP\fR
+by modifying the appropriate entry in the group database\&.
+.SH "OPZIONI"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBgroupmod\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-append\fR\ \&\fIGID\fR
+.RS 4
+If group members are specified with \-U, append them to the existing member list, rather than replacing it\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGID\fR
+.RS 4
+The group ID of the given
+\fIGROUP\fR
+will be changed to
+\fIGID\fR\&.
+.sp
+The value of
+\fIGID\fR
+must be a non\-negative decimal integer\&. This value must be unique, unless the
+\fB\-o\fR
+option is used\&.
+.sp
+Gli utenti che hanno il gruppo come gruppo primario verranno aggiornati per mantenere tale gruppo come loro gruppo primario\&.
+.sp
+Any files that have the old group ID and must continue to belong to
+\fIGROUP\fR, must have their group ID changed manually\&.
+.sp
+No checks will be performed with regard to the
+\fBGID_MIN\fR,
+\fBGID_MAX\fR,
+\fBSYS_GID_MIN\fR, or
+\fBSYS_GID_MAX\fR
+from
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-n\fR, \fB\-\-new\-name\fR\ \&\fINEW_GROUP\fR
+.RS 4
+The name of the group will be changed from
+\fIGROUP\fR
+to
+\fINEW_GROUP\fR
+name\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR
+.RS 4
+When used with the
+\fB\-g\fR
+option, allow to change the group
+\fIGID\fR
+to a non\-unique value\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR
+.RS 4
+The encrypted password, as returned by
+\fBcrypt\fR(3)\&.
+.sp
+\fBNote:\fR
+This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&.
+.sp
+Ci si deve accertare che la password rispetti le norme delle password del sistema\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-users\fR
+.RS 4
+A list of usernames to add as members of the group\&.
+.sp
+The default behavior (if the
+\fB\-g\fR,
+\fB\-N\fR, and
+\fB\-U\fR
+options are not specified) is defined by the
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+variable in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account di gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sicure sugli account di gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Configurazione del pacchetto password shadow
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VALORI RESTITUITI"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgroupmod\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+E_SUCCESS: success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+E_USAGE: invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+E_BAD_ARG: invalid argument to option
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+E_GID_IN_USE: group id already in use
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+E_NOTFOUND: specified group doesn\*(Aqt exist
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI9\fR
+.RS 4
+E_NAME_IN_USE: group name already in use
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI10\fR
+.RS 4
+E_GRP_UPDATE: can\*(Aqt update group file
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI11\fR
+.RS 4
+E_CLEANUP_SERVICE: can\*(Aqt setup cleanup service
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI12\fR
+.RS 4
+E_PAM_USERNAME: can\*(Aqt determine your username for use with pam
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI13\fR
+.RS 4
+E_PAM_ERROR: pam returned an error, see syslog facility id groupmod for the PAM error message
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man8/grpck.8 b/man/it/man8/grpck.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3f28d21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man8/grpck.8
@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: grpck
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi per la gestione del sistema
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "GRPCK" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi per la gestione del si"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+grpck \- verifica l\*(Aqintegrit\(`a dei file dei gruppi
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBgrpck\fR\ 'u
+\fBgrpck\fR [opzioni] [\fIgruppo\fR\ [\ \fIshadow\fR\ ]]
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgrpck\fR
+command verifies the integrity of the groups information\&. It checks that all entries in
+/etc/group
+and /etc/gshadow
+have the proper format and contain valid data\&. The user is prompted to delete entries that are improperly formatted or which have other uncorrectable errors\&.
+.PP
+Vengono fatti controlli per verificare che ogni voce abbia:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+il corretto numero di campi
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+un nome univoco e valido di gruppo
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+a valid group identifier
+(/etc/group only)
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+a valid list of members
+and administrators
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+a corresponding entry in the
+/etc/gshadow
+file (respectively
+/etc/group
+for the
+gshadow
+checks)
+.RE
+.PP
+The checks for correct number of fields and unique group name are fatal\&. If an entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to delete the entire line\&. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all further checks are bypassed\&. An entry with a duplicated group name is prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made\&. All other errors are warnings and the user is encouraged to run the
+\fBgroupmod\fR
+command to correct the error\&.
+.PP
+The commands which operate on the
+/etc/group
+and /etc/gshadow files
+are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries\&.
+\fBgrpck\fR
+should be used in those circumstances to remove the offending entries\&.
+.SH "OPZIONI"
+.PP
+The
+\fB\-r\fR
+and
+\fB\-s\fR
+options cannot be combined\&.
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBgrpck\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-read\-only\fR
+.RS 4
+Execute the
+\fBgrpck\fR
+command in read\-only mode\&. This causes all questions regarding changes to be answered
+\fIno\fR
+without user intervention\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sort\fR
+.RS 4
+Sort entries in
+/etc/group
+and /etc/gshadow
+by GID\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-silence\-warnings\fR
+.RS 4
+Suppress more controversial warnings, in particular warnings about inconsistency between group members listed in
+/etc/group
+and
+/etc/ghadow\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+By default,
+\fBgrpck\fR
+operates on
+/etc/group
+and /etc/gshadow\&. The user may select alternate files with the
+\fIgroup\fR
+and \fIshadow\fR parameters\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account di gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sicure sugli account di gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VALORI RESTITUITI"
+.PP
+The
+\fBgrpck\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+one or more bad group entries
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt open group files
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt lock group files
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI5\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update group files
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBgroup\fR(5),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBgshadow\fR(5),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBpwck\fR(8),
+\fBshadow\fR(5)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man8/grpconv.8 b/man/it/man8/grpconv.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6eed9e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man8/grpconv.8
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man8/pwconv.8
diff --git a/man/it/man8/grpunconv.8 b/man/it/man8/grpunconv.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6eed9e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man8/grpunconv.8
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man8/pwconv.8
diff --git a/man/it/man8/lastlog.8 b/man/it/man8/lastlog.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d743e9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man8/lastlog.8
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: lastlog
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi per la gestione del sistema
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "LASTLOG" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi per la gestione del si"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+lastlog \- riepiloga gli accessi pi\(`u recenti di tutti gli utenti o dell\*(Aqutente dato
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBlastlog\fR\ 'u
+\fBlastlog\fR [\fIopzioni\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+\fBlastlog\fR
+formats and prints the contents of the last login log
+/var/log/lastlog
+file\&. The
+\fIlogin\-name\fR,
+\fIport\fR, and
+\fIlast login time\fR
+will be printed\&. The default (no flags) causes lastlog entries to be printed, sorted by their order in
+/etc/passwd\&.
+.SH "OPZIONI"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBlastlog\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-before\fR\ \&\fIDAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Print only lastlog records older than
+\fIDAYS\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-C\fR, \fB\-\-clear\fR
+.RS 4
+Clear lastlog record of a user\&. This option can be used only together with
+\fB\-u\fR
+(\fB\-\-user\fR))\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-S\fR, \fB\-\-set\fR
+.RS 4
+Set lastlog record of a user to the current time\&. This option can be used only together with
+\fB\-u\fR
+(\fB\-\-user\fR))\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-t\fR, \fB\-\-time\fR\ \&\fIDAYS\fR
+.RS 4
+Print the lastlog records more recent than
+\fIDAYS\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-user\fR\ \&\fILOGIN\fR|\fIRANGE\fR
+.RS 4
+Mostra il record di ultimo accesso per l\*(Aqutente o gli utenti specificati da
+\fILOGIN\fR\&.
+.sp
+The users can be specified by a login name, a numerical user ID, or a
+\fIRANGE\fR
+of users\&. This
+\fIRANGE\fR
+of users can be specified with a min and max values (\fIUID_MIN\-UID_MAX\fR), a max value (\fI\-UID_MAX\fR), or a min value (\fIUID_MIN\-\fR)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+If the user has never logged in the message
+\fI** Never logged in**\fR
+will be displayed instead of the port and time\&.
+.PP
+Solo le registrazioni degli utenti correnti del sistema verranno mostrate\&. Ci potrebbero essere altre registrazioni per utenti cancellati in precedenza\&.
+.SH "NOTA"
+.PP
+The
+lastlog
+file is a database which contains info on the last login of each user\&. You should not rotate it\&. It is a sparse file, so its size on the disk is usually much smaller than the one shown by "\fBls \-l\fR" (which can indicate a really big file if you have in
+passwd
+users with a high UID)\&. You can display its real size with "\fBls \-s\fR"\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/var/log/lastlog
+.RS 4
+Database degli orari dei precedenti accessi utente\&.
+.RE
+.SH "AVVISI/CAVEAT"
+.PP
+Se ci sono dei grossi scarti tra i valori di UID, il programma lastlog pu\(`o restare in esecuzione per un tempo prolungato senza produrre output sullo schermo (ad es\&. se nel database lastlog non ci sono registrazioni per UID tra 170 e 800, il programma sembrer\(`a bloccato mentre esamina gli UID tra 171 e 799)\&.
+.PP
+Having high UIDs can create problems when handling the
+<term> /var/log/lastlog</term>
+with external tools\&. Although the actual file is sparse and does not use too much space, certain applications are not designed to identify sparse files by default and may require a specific option to handle them\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man8/logoutd.8 b/man/it/man8/logoutd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a923e96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man8/logoutd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: logoutd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi per la gestione del sistema
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "LOGOUTD" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi per la gestione del si"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+logoutd \- impone le limitazioni sugli orari d\*(Aqaccesso
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBlogoutd\fR\ 'u
+\fBlogoutd\fR
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+\fBlogoutd\fR
+enforces the login time and port restrictions specified in
+/etc/porttime\&.
+\fBlogoutd\fR
+should be started from
+/etc/rc\&. The
+/var/run/utmp
+file is scanned periodically and each user name is checked to see if the named user is permitted on the named port at the current time\&. Any login session which is violating the restrictions in
+/etc/porttime
+is terminated\&.
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/porttime
+.RS 4
+File contenente gli accessi alle porte\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/var/run/utmp
+.RS 4
+Elenco delle sessioni attive\&.
+.RE
diff --git a/man/it/man8/newusers.8 b/man/it/man8/newusers.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ed541d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man8/newusers.8
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: newusers
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi per la gestione del sistema
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "NEWUSERS" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi per la gestione del si"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+newusers \- aggiorna e crea nuovi utenti in blocco
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBnewusers\fR\ 'u
+\fBnewusers\fR [\fIopzioni\fR] [\fIfile\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBnewusers\fR
+command reads a
+\fIfile\fR
+(or the standard input by default) and uses this information to update a set of existing users or to create new users\&. Each line is in the same format as the standard password file (see
+\fBpasswd\fR(5)) with the exceptions explained below:
+.PP
+pw_name:pw_passwd:pw_uid:pw_gid:pw_gecos:pw_dir:pw_shell
+.PP
+\fIpw_name\fR
+.RS 4
+Il nome dell\*(Aqutente\&.
+.sp
+It can be the name of a new user or the name of an existing user (or a user created before by
+\fBnewusers\fR)\&. In case of an existing user, the user\*(Aqs information will be changed, otherwise a new user will be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIpw_passwd\fR
+.RS 4
+Questo campo verr\(`a cifrato e utilizzato come nuovo valore per la password cifrata\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIpw_uid\fR
+.RS 4
+Definisce l\*(AqUID dell\*(Aqutente\&.
+.sp
+If the field is empty, a new (unused) UID will be defined automatically by
+\fBnewusers\fR\&.
+.sp
+Se questo campo contiene un numero, verr\(`a utilizzato come UID\&.
+.sp
+If this field contains the name of an existing user (or the name of a user created before by
+\fBnewusers\fR), the UID of the specified user will be used\&.
+.sp
+Se viene cambiato l\*(AqUID di un utente esistente, la propriet\(`a dei file di propriet\(`a dell\*(Aqutente stesso andr\(`a cambiata manualmente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIpw_gid\fR
+.RS 4
+Definisce il l\*(AqID del gruppo primario dell\*(Aqutente\&.
+.sp
+If this field contains the name of an existing group (or a group created before by
+\fBnewusers\fR), the GID of this group will be used as the primary group ID for the user\&.
+.sp
+Se questo campo \(`e numerico, questo numero verr\(`a utilizzato come ID del gruppo primario dell\*(Aqutente\&. Se non esiste nessun gruppo con quel GID, ne viene creato uno con il nome dell\*(Aqutente e il GID specificato\&.
+.sp
+If this field is empty, a new group will be created with the name of the user and a GID will be automatically defined by
+\fBnewusers\fR
+to be used as the primary group ID for the user and as the GID for the new group\&.
+.sp
+If this field contains the name of a group which does not exist (and was not created before by
+\fBnewusers\fR), a new group will be created with the specified name and a GID will be automatically defined by
+\fBnewusers\fR
+to be used as the primary group ID for the user and GID for the new group\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIpw_gecos\fR
+.RS 4
+Questo campo viene copiato nel campo GECOS dell\*(Aqutente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIpw_dir\fR
+.RS 4
+Questo campo \(`e utilizzato per impostare la directory home dell\*(Aqutente\&.
+.sp
+If this field does not specify an existing directory, the specified directory is created, with ownership set to the user being created or updated and its primary group\&. Note that
+\fInewusers does not create parent directories \fR
+of the new user\*(Aqs home directory\&. The newusers command will fail to create the home directory if the parent directories do not exist, and will send a message to stderr informing the user of the failure\&. The newusers command will not halt or return a failure to the calling shell if it fails to create the home directory, it will continue to process the batch of new users specified\&.
+.sp
+If the home directory of an existing user is changed,
+\fBnewusers\fR
+does not move or copy the content of the old directory to the new location\&. This should be done manually\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fIpw_shell\fR
+.RS 4
+Questo campo definisce la shell dell\*(Aqutente\&. Su questo campo non viene fatto nessun controllo\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBnewusers\fR
+first tries to create or change all the specified users, and then write these changes to the user or group databases\&. If an error occurs (except in the final writes to the databases), no changes are committed to the databases\&.
+.PP
+Questo comando \(`e appositamente pensato per grossi sistemi nei quali molti account sono aggiornati allo stesso tempo\&.
+.SH "OPZIONI"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBnewusers\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-\-badname\fR\ \&
+.RS 4
+Allow names that do not conform to standards\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-crypt\-method\fR
+.RS 4
+Utilizza il metodo specificato per cifrare le password\&.
+.sp
+I metodi disponibili sono DES, MD5, NONE e SHA256 o SHA512 se la propria libc lo consente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-system\fR
+.RS 4
+Crea un account di sistema\&.
+.sp
+System users will be created with no aging information in
+/etc/shadow, and their numeric identifiers are chosen in the
+\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR\-\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR
+range, defined in
+login\&.defs, instead of
+\fBUID_MIN\fR\-\fBUID_MAX\fR
+(and their
+\fBGID\fR
+counterparts for the creation of groups)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sha\-rounds\fR
+.RS 4
+Usa il numero specificato di cicli per cifrare la password\&.
+.sp
+Il valore 0 indica che il sistema utilizzer\(`a il numero predefinito di cicli per il metodo crypt (5000)\&.
+.sp
+I valori minimo di 1\&.000 e massimo di 999\&.999\&.999 sono forzati\&.
+.sp
+Si pu\(`o utilizzare questa opzione solo con i metodi di cifratura SHA256 o SHA512\&.
+.sp
+By default, the number of rounds is defined by the SHA_CRYPT_MIN_ROUNDS and SHA_CRYPT_MAX_ROUNDS variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "AVVISI/CAVEAT"
+.PP
+Il file di input deve essere protetto poich\('e contiene password non cifrate\&.
+.PP
+Ci si deve accertare che le password e il metodo di cifratura rispettino le norme delle password del sistema\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+
+
+
+
+
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sicure sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account di gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sicure sugli account di gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Configurazione del pacchetto password shadow
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subgid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate group IDs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subuid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate user IDs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man8/nologin.8 b/man/it/man8/nologin.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..47bcec0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man8/nologin.8
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: nologin
+.\"    Author: Nicolas Fran\(,cois <nicolas.francois@centraliens.net>
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi per la gestione del sistema
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "NOLOGIN" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi per la gestione del si"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+nologin \- rifiuta gentilmente l\*(Aqaccesso
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBnologin\fR\ 'u
+\fBnologin\fR
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBnologin\fR
+command displays a message that an account is not available and exits non\-zero\&. It is intended as a replacement shell field for accounts that have been disabled\&.
+.PP
+To disable all logins, investigate
+\fBnologin\fR(5)\&.
+.PP
+If
+\fBSSH_ORIGINAL_COMMAND\fR
+is populated it will be logged\&.
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBnologin\fR(5)\&.
+.SH "CRONOLOGIA"
+.PP
+The
+\fBnologin\fR
+command appeared in BSD 4\&.4\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man8/pwck.8 b/man/it/man8/pwck.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6eaff15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man8/pwck.8
@@ -0,0 +1,314 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: pwck
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi per la gestione del sistema
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "PWCK" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi per la gestione del si"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+pwck \- verify the integrity of password files
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBpwck\fR\ 'u
+\fBpwck\fR [opzioni] [\fIPASSWORDFILE\fR\ [\ \fISHADOWFILE\fR\ ]]
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBpwck\fR
+command verifies the integrity of the users and authentication information\&. It checks that all entries in
+/etc/passwd
+and
+/etc/shadow
+have the proper format and contain valid data\&. The user is prompted to delete entries that are improperly formatted or which have other uncorrectable errors\&.
+.PP
+Vengono fatti controlli per verificare che ogni voce abbia:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+il corretto numero di campi
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+un nome utente univoco e valido
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+identificatori validi dell\*(Aqutente e del gruppo
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+un gruppo primario valido
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+una home directory valida
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+una shell di login valida
+.RE
+.PP
+Checks for shadowed password information are enabled when the second file parameter
+\fISHADOWFILE\fR
+is specified or when
+/etc/shadow
+exists on the system\&.
+.PP
+Le verifiche sono le seguenti:
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+ogni elemento del file passwd deve avere un corrispondente elemento in shadow, e viceversa
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+le password sono specificate nel file shadow
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+gli elementi di shadow hanno il corretto numero di campi
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+gli elementi di shadow sono unici
+.RE
+.sp
+.RS 4
+.ie n \{\
+\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.sp -1
+.IP \(bu 2.3
+.\}
+le date di ultima modifica non sono nel futuro
+.RE
+.PP
+The checks for correct number of fields and unique user name are fatal\&. If the entry has the wrong number of fields, the user will be prompted to delete the entire line\&. If the user does not answer affirmatively, all further checks are bypassed\&. An entry with a duplicated user name is prompted for deletion, but the remaining checks will still be made\&. All other errors are warnings and the user is encouraged to run the
+\fBusermod\fR
+command to correct the error\&.
+.PP
+The commands which operate on the
+/etc/passwd
+file are not able to alter corrupted or duplicated entries\&.
+\fBpwck\fR
+should be used in those circumstances to remove the offending entry\&.
+.SH "OPZIONI"
+.PP
+The
+\fB\-r\fR
+and
+\fB\-s\fR
+options cannot be combined\&.
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBpwck\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-\-badname\fR\ \&
+.RS 4
+Allow names that do not conform to standards\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR
+.RS 4
+Riporta solo gli errori\&. Gli avvisi che non richiedono azioni da parte dell\*(Aqutente non sono mostrati\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-read\-only\fR
+.RS 4
+Execute the
+\fBpwck\fR
+command in read\-only mode\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-sort\fR
+.RS 4
+Sort entries in
+/etc/passwd
+and
+/etc/shadow
+by UID\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+By default,
+\fBpwck\fR
+operates on the files
+/etc/passwd
+and
+/etc/shadow\&. The user may select alternate files with the
+\fIpasswd\fR
+and
+\fIshadow\fR
+parameters\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account di gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sicure sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VALORI RESTITUITI"
+.PP
+The
+\fBpwck\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+one or more bad password entries
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt open password files
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt lock password files
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI5\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update password files
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt sort password files
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBgroup\fR(5),
+\fBgrpck\fR(8),
+\fBpasswd\fR(5),
+\fBshadow\fR(5),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man8/pwconv.8 b/man/it/man8/pwconv.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d648856
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man8/pwconv.8
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: pwconv
+.\"    Author: Marek Micha\(/lkiewicz
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi per la gestione del sistema
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "PWCONV" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi per la gestione del si"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+pwconv, pwunconv, grpconv, grpunconv \- convertono a e da password e gruppi shadow\&.
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBpwconv\fR\ 'u
+\fBpwconv\fR [\fIopzioni\fR]
+.HP \w'\fBpwunconv\fR\ 'u
+\fBpwunconv\fR [\fIopzioni\fR]
+.HP \w'\fBgrpconv\fR\ 'u
+\fBgrpconv\fR [\fIopzioni\fR]
+.HP \w'\fBgrpunconv\fR\ 'u
+\fBgrpunconv\fR [\fIopzioni\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBpwconv\fR
+command creates
+\fIshadow\fR
+from
+\fIpasswd\fR
+and an optionally existing
+\fIshadow\fR\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fBpwunconv\fR
+command creates
+\fIpasswd\fR
+from
+\fIpasswd\fR
+and
+\fIshadow\fR
+and then removes
+\fIshadow\fR\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fBgrpconv\fR
+command creates
+\fIgshadow\fR
+from
+\fIgroup\fR
+and an optionally existing
+\fIgshadow\fR\&.
+.PP
+The
+\fBgrpunconv\fR
+command creates
+\fIgroup\fR
+from
+\fIgroup\fR
+and
+\fIgshadow\fR
+and then removes
+\fIgshadow\fR\&.
+.PP
+These four programs all operate on the normal and shadow password and group files:
+/etc/passwd,
+/etc/group,
+/etc/shadow, and
+/etc/gshadow\&.
+.PP
+Each program acquires the necessary locks before conversion\&.
+\fBpwconv\fR
+and
+\fBgrpconv\fR
+are similar\&. First, entries in the shadowed file which don\*(Aqt exist in the main file are removed\&. Then, shadowed entries which don\*(Aqt have `x\*(Aq as the password in the main file are updated\&. Any missing shadowed entries are added\&. Finally, passwords in the main file are replaced with `x\*(Aq\&. These programs can be used for initial conversion as well to update the shadowed file if the main file is edited by hand\&.
+.PP
+\fBpwconv\fR
+will use the values of
+\fIPASS_MIN_DAYS\fR,
+\fIPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR, and
+\fIPASS_WARN_AGE\fR
+from
+/etc/login\&.defs
+when adding new entries to
+/etc/shadow\&.
+.PP
+Likewise
+\fBpwunconv\fR
+and
+\fBgrpunconv\fR
+are similar\&. Passwords in the main file are updated from the shadowed file\&. Entries which exist in the main file but not in the shadowed file are left alone\&. Finally, the shadowed file is removed\&. Some password aging information is lost by
+\fBpwunconv\fR\&. It will convert what it can\&.
+.SH "OPZIONI"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBpwconv\fR,
+\fBpwunconv\fR,
+\fBgrpconv\fR, and
+\fBgrpunconv\fR
+commands are:
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.SH "ERRORI"
+.PP
+Errors in the password or group files (such as invalid or duplicate entries) may cause these programs to loop forever or fail in other strange ways\&. Please run
+\fBpwck\fR
+and
+\fBgrpck\fR
+to correct any such errors before converting to or from shadow passwords or groups\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE"
+.PP
+The following configuration variable in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+changes the behavior of
+\fBgrpconv\fR
+and
+\fBgrpunconv\fR:
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of
+\fBpwconv\fR:
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Configurazione del pacchetto password shadow
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBgrpck\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBpwck\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man8/pwunconv.8 b/man/it/man8/pwunconv.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6eed9e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man8/pwunconv.8
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man8/pwconv.8
diff --git a/man/it/man8/sulogin.8 b/man/it/man8/sulogin.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ce28661
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man8/sulogin.8
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: sulogin
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi per la gestione del sistema
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "SULOGIN" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi per la gestione del si"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+sulogin \- Single\-user login
+.SH "SINTASSI"
+.PP
+\fBsulogin\fR
+[\fItty\-device\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBsulogin\fR
+command is invoked by
+\fBinit\fR
+prior to allowing the user access to the system when in single user mode\&. This feature may only be available on certain systems where
+\fBinit\fR
+has been modified accordingly, or where the
+/etc/inittab
+has an entry for a single user login\&.
+.PP
+The user is prompted
+.PP
+Type control\-d to proceed with normal startup,
+(or give root password for system maintenance):
+.PP
+Input and output will be performed with the standard file descriptors unless the optional device name argument is provided\&.
+.PP
+If the user enters the correct root password, a login session is initiated\&. When
+\fIEOF\fR
+is pressed instead, the system enters multi\-user mode\&.
+.PP
+After the user exits the single\-user shell, or presses
+\fIEOF\fR, the system begins the initialization process required to enter multi\-user mode\&.
+.SH "AVVISI/CAVEAT"
+.PP
+This command can only be used if
+\fBinit\fR
+has been modified to call
+\fBsulogin\fR
+instead of
+/bin/sh, or if the user has set the
+\fIinittab\fR
+to support a single user login\&. For example, the line:
+.PP
+co:s:respawn:/etc/sulogin /dev/console
+.PP
+should execute the sulogin command in single user mode\&.
+.PP
+As complete an environment as possible is created\&. However, various devices may be unmounted or uninitialized and many of the user commands may be unavailable or nonfunctional as a result\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sicure sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBlogin\fR(1),
+\fBsh\fR(1),
+\fBinit\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man8/useradd.8 b/man/it/man8/useradd.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bdf759e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man8/useradd.8
@@ -0,0 +1,607 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: useradd
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi per la gestione del sistema
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "USERADD" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi per la gestione del si"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+useradd \- crea un nuovo utente o aggiorna le informazioni predefinite per i nuovi utenti
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBuseradd\fR\ 'u
+\fBuseradd\fR [\fIopzioni\fR] \fILOGIN\fR
+.HP \w'\fBuseradd\fR\ 'u
+\fBuseradd\fR \-D
+.HP \w'\fBuseradd\fR\ 'u
+\fBuseradd\fR \-D [\fIopzioni\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+When invoked without the
+\fB\-D\fR
+option, the
+\fBuseradd\fR
+command creates a new user account using the values specified on the command line plus the default values from the system\&. Depending on command line options, the
+\fBuseradd\fR
+command will update system files and may also create the new user\*(Aqs home directory and copy initial files\&.
+.PP
+By default, a group will also be created for the new user (see
+\fB\-g\fR,
+\fB\-N\fR,
+\fB\-U\fR, and
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR)\&.
+.SH "OPZIONI"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBuseradd\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-\-badname\fR\ \&
+.RS 4
+Allow names that do not conform to standards\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-base\-dir\fR\ \&\fIBASE_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+The default base directory for the system if
+\fB\-d\fR\ \&\fIHOME_DIR\fR
+is not specified\&.
+\fIBASE_DIR\fR
+is concatenated with the account name to define the home directory\&.
+.sp
+If this option is not specified,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will use the base directory specified by the
+\fBHOME\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd, or
+/home
+by default\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-comment\fR\ \&\fICOMMENT\fR
+.RS 4
+Any text string\&. It is generally a short description of the account, and is currently used as the field for the user\*(Aqs full name\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-home\-dir\fR\ \&\fIHOME_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+The new user will be created using
+\fIHOME_DIR\fR
+as the value for the user\*(Aqs login directory\&. The default is to append the
+\fILOGIN\fR
+name to
+\fIBASE_DIR\fR
+and use that as the login directory name\&. If the directory
+\fIHOME_DIR\fR
+does not exist, then it will be created unless the
+\fB\-M\fR
+option is specified\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-D\fR, \fB\-\-defaults\fR
+.RS 4
+Vedere oltre, la sezione \(FoCambiare i valori predefiniti\(Fc\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+.RS 4
+The date on which the user account will be disabled\&. The date is specified in the format
+\fIYYYY\-MM\-DD\fR\&.
+.sp
+If not specified,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will use the default expiry date specified by the
+\fBEXPIRE\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd, or an empty string (no expiry) by default\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR
+.RS 4
+defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age where the user is expected to replace this password\&. The value is stored in the shadow password file\&. An input of 0 will disable an expired password with no delay\&. An input of \-1 will blank the respective field in the shadow password file\&. See
+\fBshadow\fR(5)for more information\&.
+.sp
+If not specified,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will use the default inactivity period specified by the
+\fBINACTIVE\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd, or \-1 by default\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-F\fR, \fB\-\-add\-subids\-for\-system\fR
+.RS 4
+Update
+/etc/subuid
+and
+/etc/subgid
+even when creating a system account with
+\fB\-r\fR
+option\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGROUP\fR
+.RS 4
+The name or the number of the user\*(Aqs primary group\&. The group name must exist\&. A group number must refer to an already existing group\&.
+.sp
+If not specified, the behavior of
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will depend on the
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+variable in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&. If this variable is set to
+\fIyes\fR
+(or
+\fB\-U/\-\-user\-group\fR
+is specified on the command line), a group will be created for the user, with the same name as her loginname\&. If the variable is set to
+\fIno\fR
+(or
+\fB\-N/\-\-no\-user\-group\fR
+is specified on the command line), useradd will set the primary group of the new user to the value specified by the
+\fBGROUP\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd, or 1000 by default\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-G\fR, \fB\-\-groups\fR\ \&\fIGROUP1\fR[\fI,GROUP2,\&.\&.\&.\fR[\fI,GROUPN\fR]]]
+.RS 4
+A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of\&. Each group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace\&. The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group given with the
+\fB\-g\fR
+option\&. The default is for the user to belong only to the initial group\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-k\fR, \fB\-\-skel\fR\ \&\fISKEL_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+The skeleton directory, which contains files and directories to be copied in the user\*(Aqs home directory, when the home directory is created by
+\fBuseradd\fR\&.
+.sp
+This option is only valid if the
+\fB\-m\fR
+(or
+\fB\-\-create\-home\fR) option is specified\&.
+.sp
+If this option is not set, the skeleton directory is defined by the
+\fBSKEL\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd
+or, by default,
+/etc/skel\&.
+.sp
+Se possibile vengono copiate le ACL e gli attributi estesi\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-K\fR, \fB\-\-key\fR\ \&\fIKEY\fR=\fIVALUE\fR
+.RS 4
+Overrides
+/etc/login\&.defs
+defaults (\fBUID_MIN\fR,
+\fBUID_MAX\fR,
+\fBUMASK\fR,
+\fBPASS_MAX_DAYS\fR
+and others)\&.
+.sp
+Example:
+\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIPASS_MAX_DAYS \fR=\fI\-1\fR
+can be used when creating an account to turn off password aging\&. Multiple
+\fB\-K\fR
+options can be specified, e\&.g\&.:
+\fB\-K\fR\ \&\fIUID_MIN\fR
+=\fI100\fR\ \&\fB\-K\fR\ \&
+\fIUID_MAX\fR=\fI499\fR
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-no\-log\-init\fR
+.RS 4
+Non aggiunge l\*(Aqutente ai database \(Folastlog\(Fc e \(Fofaillog\(Fc\&.
+.sp
+By default, the user\*(Aqs entries in the lastlog and faillog databases are reset to avoid reusing the entry from a previously deleted user\&.
+.sp
+If this option is not specified,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will also consult the variable
+\fBLOG_INIT\fR
+in the
+/etc/default/useradd
+if set to no the user will not be added to the lastlog and faillog databases\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-create\-home\fR
+.RS 4
+Create the user\*(Aqs home directory if it does not exist\&. The files and directories contained in the skeleton directory (which can be defined with the
+\fB\-k\fR
+option) will be copied to the home directory\&.
+.sp
+By default, if this option is not specified and
+\fBCREATE_HOME\fR
+is not enabled, no home directories are created\&.
+.sp
+The directory where the user\*(Aqs home directory is created must exist and have proper SELinux context and permissions\&. Otherwise the user\*(Aqs home directory cannot be created or accessed\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-M\fR, \fB\-\-no\-create\-home\fR
+.RS 4
+Do not create the user\*(Aqs home directory, even if the system wide setting from
+/etc/login\&.defs
+(\fBCREATE_HOME\fR) is set to
+\fIyes\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-N\fR, \fB\-\-no\-user\-group\fR
+.RS 4
+Do not create a group with the same name as the user, but add the user to the group specified by the
+\fB\-g\fR
+option or by the
+\fBGROUP\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd\&.
+.sp
+The default behavior (if the
+\fB\-g\fR,
+\fB\-N\fR, and
+\fB\-U\fR
+options are not specified) is defined by the
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+variable in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR
+.RS 4
+allows the creation of an account with an already existing UID\&.
+.sp
+This option is only valid in combination with the
+\fB\-u\fR
+option\&. As a user identity serves as key to map between users on one hand and permissions, file ownerships and other aspects that determine the system\*(Aqs behavior on the other hand, more than one login name will access the account of the given UID\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR
+.RS 4
+defines an initial password for the account\&. PASSWORD is expected to be encrypted, as returned by
+\fBcrypt \fR(3)\&. Within a shell script, this option allows to create efficiently batches of users\&.
+.sp
+Without this option, the new account will be locked and with no password defined, i\&.e\&. a single exclamation mark in the respective field of
+/etc/shadow\&. This is a state where the user won\*(Aqt be able to access the account or to define a password himself\&.
+.sp
+\fBNote:\fRAvoid this option on the command line because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&.
+.sp
+Ci si deve accertare che la password rispetti le norme delle password del sistema\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-system\fR
+.RS 4
+Crea un account di sistema\&.
+.sp
+System users will be created with no aging information in
+/etc/shadow, and their numeric identifiers are chosen in the
+\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR\-\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR
+range, defined in
+/etc/login\&.defs, instead of
+\fBUID_MIN\fR\-\fBUID_MAX\fR
+(and their
+\fBGID\fR
+counterparts for the creation of groups)\&.
+.sp
+Note that
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will not create a home directory for such a user, regardless of the default setting in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+(\fBCREATE_HOME\fR)\&. You have to specify the
+\fB\-m\fR
+options if you want a home directory for a system account to be created\&.
+.sp
+Note that this option will not update
+/etc/subuid
+and
+/etc/subgid\&. You have to specify the
+\fB\-F\fR
+options if you want to update the files for a system account to be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes to configuration files under the root filesystem found under the directory
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR
+.RS 4
+sets the path to the user\*(Aqs login shell\&. Without this option, the system will use the
+\fBSHELL\fR
+variable specified in
+/etc/default/useradd, or, if that is as well not set, the field for the login shell in
+/etc/passwd
+remains empty\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-uid\fR\ \&\fIUID\fR
+.RS 4
+The numerical value of the user\*(Aqs ID\&. This value must be unique, unless the
+\fB\-o\fR
+option is used\&. The value must be non\-negative\&. The default is to use the smallest ID value greater than or equal to
+\fBUID_MIN\fR
+and greater than every other user\&.
+.sp
+See also the
+\fB\-r\fR
+option and the
+\fBUID_MAX\fR
+description\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-user\-group\fR
+.RS 4
+Crea un gruppo con lo stesso nome dell\*(Aqutente e aggiunge l\*(Aqutente al gruppo stesso\&.
+.sp
+The default behavior (if the
+\fB\-g\fR,
+\fB\-N\fR, and
+\fB\-U\fR
+options are not specified) is defined by the
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+variable in
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-selinux\-user\fR\ \&\fISEUSER\fR
+.RS 4
+defines the SELinux user for the new account\&. Without this option, a SELinux uses the default user\&. Note that the shadow system doesn\*(Aqt store the selinux\-user, it uses
+\fBsemanage\fR(8)
+for that\&.
+.RE
+.SS "Cambiare i valori predefiniti"
+.PP
+When invoked with only the
+\fB\-D\fR
+option,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will display the current default values\&. When invoked with
+\fB\-D\fR
+plus other options,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will update the default values for the specified options\&. Valid default\-changing options are:
+.PP
+\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-base\-dir\fR\ \&\fIBASE_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+sets the path prefix for a new user\*(Aqs home directory\&. The user\*(Aqs name will be affixed to the end of
+\fIBASE_DIR\fR
+to form the new user\*(Aqs home directory name, if the
+\fB\-d\fR
+option is not used when creating a new account\&.
+.sp
+This option sets the
+\fBHOME\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+.RS 4
+sets the date on which newly created user accounts are disabled\&.
+.sp
+This option sets the
+\fBEXPIRE\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR
+.RS 4
+defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age where the user is expected to replace this password\&. See
+\fBshadow\fR(5)for more information\&.
+.sp
+This option sets the
+\fBINACTIVE\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGROUP\fR
+.RS 4
+sets the default primary group for newly created users, accepting group names or a numerical group ID\&. The named group must exist, and the GID must have an existing entry\&.
+.sp
+This option sets the
+\fBGROUP\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR
+.RS 4
+defines the default login shell for new users\&.
+.sp
+This option sets the
+\fBSHELL\fR
+variable in
+/etc/default/useradd\&.
+.RE
+.SH "NOTE"
+.PP
+The system administrator is responsible for placing the default user files in the
+/etc/skel/
+directory (or any other skeleton directory specified in
+/etc/default/useradd
+or on the command line)\&.
+.SH "AVVISI/CAVEAT"
+.PP
+Non \(`e possibile aggiungere un utente ad un gruppo NIS o LDAP\&. Questo deve essere fatto sul server corrispondente\&.
+.PP
+Similarly, if the username already exists in an external user database such as NIS or LDAP,
+\fBuseradd\fR
+will deny the user account creation request\&.
+.PP
+Usernames may contain only lower and upper case letters, digits, underscores, or dashes\&. They can end with a dollar sign\&. Dashes are not allowed at the beginning of the username\&. Fully numeric usernames and usernames \&. or \&.\&. are also disallowed\&. It is not recommended to use usernames beginning with \&. character as their home directories will be hidden in the
+\fBls\fR
+output\&.
+.PP
+I nomi utente non possono eccedere i 32 caratteri di lunghezza\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sicure sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account di gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sicure sugli account di gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/default/useradd
+.RS 4
+Valori predefiniti per la creazione dell\*(Aqaccount\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow\-maint/useradd\-pre\&.d/*, /etc/shadow\-maint/useradd\-post\&.d/*
+.RS 4
+Run\-part files to execute during user addition\&. The environment variable
+\fBACTION\fR
+will be populated with useradd and
+\fBSUBJECT\fR
+with the
+\fBusername\fR\&.
+useradd\-pre\&.d
+will be executed prior to any user addition\&.
+useradd\-post\&.d
+will execute after user addition\&. If a script exits non\-zero then execution will terminate\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/skel/
+.RS 4
+Directory contenente i file predefiniti\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subgid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate group IDs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subuid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate user IDs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Configurazione del pacchetto password shadow
+.RE
+.SH "VALORI RESTITUITI"
+.PP
+The
+\fBuseradd\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update password file
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI3\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid argument to option
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI4\fR
+.RS 4
+UID already in use (and no
+\fB\-o\fR)
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+specified group doesn\*(Aqt exist
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI9\fR
+.RS 4
+username or group name already in use
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI10\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update group file
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI12\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt create home directory
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI14\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update SELinux user mapping
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBcrypt\fR(3),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBnewusers\fR(8),
+\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man8/userdel.8 b/man/it/man8/userdel.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e82dc8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man8/userdel.8
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: userdel
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi per la gestione del sistema
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "USERDEL" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi per la gestione del si"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+userdel \- rimuove l\*(Aqaccount di un utente ed i file relativi
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBuserdel\fR\ 'u
+\fBuserdel\fR [opzioni] \fILOGIN\fR
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBuserdel\fR
+command modifies the system account files, deleting all entries that refer to the user name
+\fILOGIN\fR\&. The named user must exist\&.
+.SH "OPZIONI"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBuserdel\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-force\fR
+.RS 4
+This option forces the removal of the user account, even if the user is still logged in\&. It also forces
+\fBuserdel\fR
+to remove the user\*(Aqs home directory and mail spool, even if another user uses the same home directory or if the mail spool is not owned by the specified user\&. If
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+is defined to
+\fIyes\fR
+in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+and if a group exists with the same name as the deleted user, then this group will be removed, even if it is still the primary group of another user\&.
+.sp
+\fINote:\fR
+This option is dangerous and may leave your system in an inconsistent state\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-remove\fR
+.RS 4
+I file nella home directory dell\*(Aqutente verranno rimossi insieme alla home directory stessa e alla casella di posta dell\*(Aqutente\&. I file collocati in altri file system dovranno essere cercati e rimossi manualmente\&.
+.sp
+The mail spool is defined by the
+\fBMAIL_DIR\fR
+variable in the
+login\&.defs
+file\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+directory\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-selinux\-user\fR
+.RS 4
+Rimuove tutti gli utenti SELinux assegnati al login utente\&.
+.RE
+.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account di gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Configurazione del pacchetto password shadow
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sicure sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow\-maint/userdel\-pre\&.d/*, /etc/shadow\-maint/userdel\-post\&.d/*
+.RS 4
+Run\-part files to execute during user deletion\&. The environment variable
+\fBACTION\fR
+will be populated with
+\fBuserdel\fR
+and
+\fBSUBJECT\fR
+with the username\&.
+userdel\-pre\&.d
+will be executed prior to any user deletion\&.
+userdel\-post\&.d
+will execute after user deletion\&. If a script exits non\-zero then execution will terminate\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subgid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate group IDs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subuid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate user IDs\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VALORI RESTITUITI"
+.PP
+The
+\fBuserdel\fR
+command exits with the following values:
+.PP
+\fI0\fR
+.RS 4
+success
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI1\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update password file
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI2\fR
+.RS 4
+invalid command syntax
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI6\fR
+.RS 4
+specified user doesn\*(Aqt exist
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI8\fR
+.RS 4
+user currently logged in
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI10\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt update group file
+.RE
+.PP
+\fI12\fR
+.RS 4
+can\*(Aqt remove home directory
+.RE
+.SH "AVVISI/CAVEAT"
+.PP
+\fBuserdel\fR
+will not allow you to remove an account if there are running processes which belong to this account\&. In that case, you may have to kill those processes or lock the user\*(Aqs password or account and remove the account later\&. The
+\fB\-f\fR
+option can force the deletion of this account\&.
+.PP
+Occorre controllare manualmente tutti i file system per assicurarsi che non rimanga nessun file di propriet\(`a di questo utente\&.
+.PP
+Non \(`e possibile rimuovere nessun attributo NIS su un client NIS\&. Questo deve essere fatto sul server NIS\&.
+.PP
+If
+\fBUSERGROUPS_ENAB\fR
+is defined to
+\fIyes\fR
+in
+/etc/login\&.defs,
+\fBuserdel\fR
+will delete the group with the same name as the user\&. To avoid inconsistencies in the passwd and group databases,
+\fBuserdel\fR
+will check that this group is not used as a primary group for another user, and will just warn without deleting the group otherwise\&. The
+\fB\-f\fR
+option can force the deletion of this group\&.
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBusermod\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man8/usermod.8 b/man/it/man8/usermod.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ecb29e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man8/usermod.8
@@ -0,0 +1,379 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: usermod
+.\"    Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi per la gestione del sistema
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "USERMOD" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi per la gestione del si"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+usermod \- modifica l\*(Aqaccount di un utente
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBusermod\fR\ 'u
+\fBusermod\fR [\fIopzioni\fR] \fILOGIN\fR
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBusermod\fR
+command modifies the system account files\&.
+.SH "OPZIONI"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBusermod\fR
+command are:
+.PP
+\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-append\fR
+.RS 4
+Add the user to the supplementary group(s)\&. Use only with the
+\fB\-G\fR
+option\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-b\fR, \fB\-\-badname\fR
+.RS 4
+Allow names that do not conform to standards\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-\-comment\fR\ \&\fICOMMENT\fR
+.RS 4
+update the comment field of the user in
+/etc/passwd, which is normally modified using the
+\fBchfn\fR(1)
+utility\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-home\fR\ \&\fIHOME_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+La nuova directory home dell\*(Aqutente\&.
+.sp
+If the
+\fB\-m\fR
+option is given, the contents of the current home directory will be moved to the new home directory, which is created if it does not already exist\&. If the current home directory does not exist the new home directory will not be created\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-e\fR, \fB\-\-expiredate\fR\ \&\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+.RS 4
+The date on which the user account will be disabled\&. The date is specified in the format
+\fIYYYY\-MM\-DD\fR\&. Integers as input are interpreted as days after 1970\-01\-01\&.
+.sp
+An input of \-1 or an empty string will blank the account expiration field in the shadow password file\&. The account will remain available with no date limit\&.
+.sp
+This option requires a
+/etc/shadow
+file\&. A
+/etc/shadow
+entry will be created if there were none\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-inactive\fR\ \&\fIINACTIVE\fR
+.RS 4
+defines the number of days after the password exceeded its maximum age during which the user may still login by immediately replacing the password\&. This grace period before the account becomes inactive is stored in the shadow password file\&. An input of 0 will disable an expired password with no delay\&. An input of \-1 will blank the respective field in the shadow password file\&. See
+\fBshadow\fR(5)
+for more information\&.
+.sp
+This option requires a
+/etc/shadow
+file\&. A
+/etc/shadow
+entry will be created if there were none\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-gid\fR\ \&\fIGROUP\fR
+.RS 4
+The name or numerical ID of the user\*(Aqs new primary group\&. The group must exist\&.
+.sp
+Tutti i file nella directory home dell\*(Aqutente che hanno come gruppo il precedente gruppo primario dell\*(Aqutente stesso verranno modificati perch\('e abbiano questo nuovo gruppo\&.
+.sp
+Il gruppo dei file che si trovano all\*(Aqesterno della directory home dell\*(Aqutente andr\(`a modificato manualmente\&.
+.sp
+The change of the group ownership of files inside of the user\*(Aqs home directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is different from the current or new user id\&. This is a safety measure for special home directories such as
+/\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-G\fR, \fB\-\-groups\fR\ \&\fIGROUP1\fR[\fI,GROUP2,\&.\&.\&.\fR[\fI,GROUPN\fR]]]
+.RS 4
+A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of\&. Each group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace\&. The groups must exist\&.
+.sp
+If the user is currently a member of a group which is not listed, the user will be removed from the group\&. This behaviour can be changed via the
+\fB\-a\fR
+option, which appends the user to the current supplementary group list\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-login\fR\ \&\fINEW_LOGIN\fR
+.RS 4
+The name of the user will be changed from
+\fILOGIN\fR
+to
+\fINEW_LOGIN\fR\&. Nothing else is changed\&. In particular, the user\*(Aqs home directory or mail spool should probably be renamed manually to reflect the new login name\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-L\fR, \fB\-\-lock\fR
+.RS 4
+Lock a user\*(Aqs password\&. This puts a \*(Aq!\*(Aq in front of the encrypted password, effectively disabling the password\&. You can\*(Aqt use this option with
+\fB\-p\fR
+or
+\fB\-U\fR\&.
+.sp
+Note: if you wish to lock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the
+\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+to
+\fI1\fR\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-m\fR, \fB\-\-move\-home\fR
+.RS 4
+moves the content of the user\*(Aqs home directory to the new location\&. If the current home directory does not exist the new home directory will not be created\&.
+.sp
+This option is only valid in combination with the
+\fB\-d\fR
+(or
+\fB\-\-home\fR) option\&.
+.sp
+\fBusermod\fR
+will try to adapt the ownership of the files and to copy the modes, ACL and extended attributes, but manual changes might be needed afterwards\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-non\-unique\fR
+.RS 4
+allows to change the user ID to a non\-unique value\&.
+.sp
+This option is only valid in combination with the
+\fB\-u\fR
+option\&. As a user identity serves as key to map between users on one hand and permissions, file ownerships and other aspects that determine the system\*(Aqs behavior on the other hand, more than one login name will access the account of the given UID\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-password\fR\ \&\fIPASSWORD\fR
+.RS 4
+defines a new password for the user\&. PASSWORD is expected to be encrypted, as returned by
+\fBcrypt \fR(3)\&.
+.sp
+\fBNote:\fR
+Avoid this option on the command line because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes\&.
+.sp
+Ci si deve accertare che la password rispetti le norme delle password del sistema\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-r\fR, \fB\-\-remove\fR
+.RS 4
+Remove the user from named supplementary group(s)\&. Use only with the
+\fB\-G\fR
+option\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-P\fR, \fB\-\-prefix\fR\ \&\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes within the directory tree starting with
+\fIPREFIX_DIR\fR
+and use as well the configuration files located there\&. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross\-compilation target\&. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified\&. PAM authentication is using the host files\&. No SELINUX support\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shell\fR\ \&\fISHELL\fR
+.RS 4
+changes the user\*(Aqs login shell\&. An empty string for SHELL blanks the field in
+/etc/passwd
+and logs the user into the system\*(Aqs default shell\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-u\fR, \fB\-\-uid\fR\ \&\fIUID\fR
+.RS 4
+The new value of the user\*(Aqs ID\&.
+.sp
+This value must be unique, unless the
+\fB\-o\fR
+option is used\&. The value must be non\-negative\&.
+.sp
+La casella di posta dell\*(Aqutente e ogni altro file di propriet\(`a dell\*(Aqutente che si trovi all\*(Aqinterno della directory home avr\(`a l\*(AqID utente cambiato automaticamente\&.
+.sp
+La propriet\(`a dei file esterni alla directory home dell\*(Aqutente va corretta manualmente\&.
+.sp
+The change of the user ownership of files inside of the user\*(Aqs home directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is different from the current or new user id\&. This is a safety measure for special home directories such as
+/\&.
+.sp
+No checks will be performed with regard to the
+\fBUID_MIN\fR,
+\fBUID_MAX\fR,
+\fBSYS_UID_MIN\fR, or
+\fBSYS_UID_MAX\fR
+from
+/etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-U\fR, \fB\-\-unlock\fR
+.RS 4
+Unlock a user\*(Aqs password\&. This removes the \*(Aq!\*(Aq in front of the encrypted password\&. You can\*(Aqt use this option with
+\fB\-p\fR
+or
+\fB\-L\fR\&.
+.sp
+Note: if you wish to unlock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the
+\fIEXPIRE_DATE\fR
+(for example to
+\fI99999\fR, or to the
+\fBEXPIRE\fR
+value from
+/etc/default/useradd)\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-v\fR, \fB\-\-add\-subuids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR
+.RS 4
+Add a range of subordinate uids to the user\*(Aqs account\&.
+.sp
+This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a user\*(Aqs account\&.
+.sp
+No checks will be performed with regard to
+\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR,
+\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR, or
+\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR
+from /etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-del\-subuids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR
+.RS 4
+Remove a range of subordinate uids from the user\*(Aqs account\&.
+.sp
+This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a user\*(Aqs account\&. When both
+\fB\-\-del\-subuids\fR
+and
+\fB\-\-add\-subuids\fR
+are specified, the removal of all subordinate uid ranges happens before any subordinate uid range is added\&.
+.sp
+No checks will be performed with regard to
+\fBSUB_UID_MIN\fR,
+\fBSUB_UID_MAX\fR, or
+\fBSUB_UID_COUNT\fR
+from /etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-w\fR, \fB\-\-add\-subgids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR
+.RS 4
+Add a range of subordinate gids to the user\*(Aqs account\&.
+.sp
+This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a user\*(Aqs account\&.
+.sp
+No checks will be performed with regard to
+\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR,
+\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR, or
+\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR
+from /etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-W\fR, \fB\-\-del\-subgids\fR\ \&\fIFIRST\fR\-\fILAST\fR
+.RS 4
+Remove a range of subordinate gids from the user\*(Aqs account\&.
+.sp
+This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a user\*(Aqs account\&. When both
+\fB\-\-del\-subgids\fR
+and
+\fB\-\-add\-subgids\fR
+are specified, the removal of all subordinate gid ranges happens before any subordinate gid range is added\&.
+.sp
+No checks will be performed with regard to
+\fBSUB_GID_MIN\fR,
+\fBSUB_GID_MAX\fR, or
+\fBSUB_GID_COUNT\fR
+from /etc/login\&.defs\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-Z\fR, \fB\-\-selinux\-user\fR\ \&\fISEUSER\fR
+.RS 4
+defines the SELinux user to be mapped with
+\fILOGIN\fR\&. An empty string ("") will remove the respective entry (if any)\&. Note that the shadow system doesn\*(Aqt store the selinux\-user, it uses semanage(8) for that\&.
+.RE
+.SH "AVVISI/CAVEAT"
+.PP
+You must make certain that the named user is not executing any processes when this command is being executed if the user\*(Aqs numerical user ID, the user\*(Aqs name, or the user\*(Aqs home directory is being changed\&.
+\fBusermod\fR
+checks this on Linux\&. On other operating systems it only uses utmp to check if the user is logged in\&.
+.PP
+You must change the owner of any
+\fBcrontab\fR
+files or
+\fBat\fR
+jobs manually\&.
+.PP
+Si devono apportare tutte le modifiche che riguardano NIS sul server NIS\&.
+.SH "CONFIGURAZIONE"
+.PP
+The following configuration variables in
+/etc/login\&.defs
+change the behavior of this tool:
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Group account information
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Secure group account informatio\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/login\&.defs
+.RS 4
+Shadow password suite configuration
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+User account information
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Secure user account information
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subgid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate group IDs
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/subuid
+.RS 4
+Per user subordinate user IDs
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBchfn\fR(1),
+\fBchsh\fR(1),
+\fBpasswd\fR(1),
+\fBcrypt\fR(3),
+\fBgpasswd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupadd\fR(8),
+\fBgroupdel\fR(8),
+\fBgroupmod\fR(8),
+\fBlogin.defs\fR(5),
+\fBsubgid\fR(5), \fBsubuid\fR(5),
+\fBuseradd\fR(8),
+\fBuserdel\fR(8)\&.
diff --git a/man/it/man8/vigr.8 b/man/it/man8/vigr.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ff72d7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man8/vigr.8
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.so man8/vipw.8
diff --git a/man/it/man8/vipw.8 b/man/it/man8/vipw.8
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..609ca65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/man/it/man8/vipw.8
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+'\" t
+.\"     Title: vipw
+.\"    Author: Marek Micha\(/lkiewicz
+.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
+.\"      Date: 08/11/2022
+.\"    Manual: Comandi per la gestione del sistema
+.\"    Source: shadow-utils 4.13
+.\"  Language: Italian
+.\"
+.TH "VIPW" "8" "08/11/2022" "shadow\-utils 4\&.13" "Comandi per la gestione del si"
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * Define some portability stuff
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
+.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
+.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
+.el       .ds Aq '
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * set default formatting
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" disable hyphenation
+.nh
+.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
+.ad l
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
+.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
+.SH "NOME"
+vipw, vigr \- modifica i file delle password, dei gruppi, delle password shadow o dei gruppi shadow
+.SH "SINOSSI"
+.HP \w'\fBvipw\fR\ 'u
+\fBvipw\fR [\fIopzioni\fR]
+.HP \w'\fBvigr\fR\ 'u
+\fBvigr\fR [\fIopzioni\fR]
+.SH "DESCRIZIONE"
+.PP
+The
+\fBvipw\fR
+and
+\fBvigr\fR
+commands edits the files
+/etc/passwd
+and
+/etc/group, respectively\&. With the
+\fB\-s\fR
+flag, they will edit the shadow versions of those files,
+/etc/shadow
+and
+/etc/gshadow, respectively\&. The programs will set the appropriate locks to prevent file corruption\&. When looking for an editor, the programs will first try the environment variable
+\fB$VISUAL\fR, then the environment variable
+\fB$EDITOR\fR, and finally the default editor,
+\fBvi\fR(1)\&.
+.SH "OPZIONI"
+.PP
+The options which apply to the
+\fBvipw\fR
+and
+\fBvigr\fR
+commands are:
+.PP
+\fB\-g\fR, \fB\-\-group\fR
+.RS 4
+Modifica del database \(Fogroup\(Fc\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
+.RS 4
+Mostra un messaggio di aiuto ed esce\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-p\fR, \fB\-\-passwd\fR
+.RS 4
+Modifica del database \(Fopasswd\(Fc\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR
+.RS 4
+Modalit\(`a silenziosa\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-R\fR, \fB\-\-root\fR\ \&\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+.RS 4
+Apply changes in the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory and use the configuration files from the
+\fICHROOT_DIR\fR
+directory\&. Only absolute paths are supported\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-shadow\fR
+.RS 4
+Modifica del database \(Foshadow\(Fc o \(Fogshadow\(Fc
+.RE
+.SH "VARIABILI D\*(AQAMBIENTE"
+.PP
+\fBVISUAL\fR
+.RS 4
+Editor da utilizzare\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+\fBEDITOR\fR
+.RS 4
+Editor to be used if
+\fBVISUAL\fR
+is not set\&.
+.RE
+.SH "FILE"
+.PP
+/etc/group
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account di gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/gshadow
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sicure sugli account di gruppo\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/passwd
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.PP
+/etc/shadow
+.RS 4
+Informazioni sicure sugli account utente\&.
+.RE
+.SH "VEDERE ANCHE"
+.PP
+\fBvi\fR(1),
+\fBgroup\fR(5),
+\fBgshadow\fR(5)
+,
+\fBpasswd\fR(5), ,
+\fBshadow\fR(5)\&.