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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--
SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2005 - 2008, Nicolas François
SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
-->
<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
<!-- SHADOW-CONFIG-HERE -->
]>
<refentry id='gshadow.5'>
<!-- $Id$ -->
<refentryinfo>
<author>
<firstname>Nicolas</firstname>
<surname>François</surname>
<email>nicolas.francois@centraliens.net</email>
<contrib>Creation, 2005</contrib>
<contrib>shadow-utils maintainer, 2007 - now</contrib>
</author>
</refentryinfo>
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>gshadow</refentrytitle>
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
<refmiscinfo class="sectdesc">File Formats and Configuration Files</refmiscinfo>
<refmiscinfo class="source">shadow-utils</refmiscinfo>
<refmiscinfo class="version">&SHADOW_UTILS_VERSION;</refmiscinfo>
</refmeta>
<refnamediv id='name'>
<refname>gshadow</refname>
<refpurpose>shadowed group file</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsect1 id='description'>
<title>DESCRIPTION</title>
<para>
<filename>/etc/gshadow</filename> contains the shadowed information
for group accounts.
</para>
<para>
This file must not be readable by regular users if password security
is to be maintained.
</para>
<para>
Each line of this file contains the following colon-separated
fields:
</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><emphasis role="bold">group name</emphasis></term>
<listitem>
<para>
It must be a valid group name, which exist on the system.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><emphasis role="bold">encrypted password</emphasis></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Refer to <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle>
<manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry> for details on how
this string is interpreted.
</para>
<para>
If the password field contains some string that is not a valid
result of <citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypt</refentrytitle>
<manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>, for instance ! or *,
users will not be able to use a unix password to access the
group (but group members do not need the password).
</para>
<para>
The password is used when a user who is not a member of the
group wants to gain the permissions of this group (see
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle>
<manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>).
</para>
<para>
This field may be empty, in which case only the group members
can gain the group permissions.
</para>
<para>
A password field which starts with an exclamation mark means
that the password is locked. The remaining characters on the
line represent the password field before the password was
locked.
</para>
<para>
This password supersedes any password specified in
<filename>/etc/group</filename>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><emphasis role="bold">administrators</emphasis></term>
<listitem>
<para>
It must be a comma-separated list of user names.
</para>
<para>
Administrators can change the password or the members of the
group.
</para>
<para>
Administrators also have the same permissions as the members
(see below).
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><emphasis role="bold">members</emphasis></term>
<listitem>
<para>
It must be a comma-separated list of user names.
</para>
<para>
Members can access the group without being prompted for a
password.
</para>
<para>
You should use the same list of users as in
<filename>/etc/group</filename>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1 id='files'>
<title>FILES</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><filename>/etc/group</filename></term>
<listitem>
<para>Group account information.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><filename>/etc/gshadow</filename></term>
<listitem>
<para>Secure group account information.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1 id='see_also'>
<title>SEE ALSO</title>
<para>
<citerefentry>
<refentrytitle>gpasswd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
</citerefentry>,
<citerefentry>
<refentrytitle>group</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
</citerefentry>,
<citerefentry>
<refentrytitle>grpck</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
</citerefentry>,
<citerefentry>
<refentrytitle>grpconv</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
</citerefentry>,
<citerefentry>
<refentrytitle>newgrp</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
</citerefentry>.
</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>
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