1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
|
'\" t
.\" Title: passwd
.\" Author: Julianne Frances Haugh
.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets vsnapshot <http://docbook.sf.net/>
.\" Date: 21/06/2024
.\" Manual: File Formats and Configuration Files
.\" Source: shadow-utils 4.15.2
.\" Language: Ukrainian
.\"
.TH "passwd" "5" "21/06/2024" "shadow\-utils 4\&.15\&.2" "File Formats and Configuration"
.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
.\" * Define some portability stuff
.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.\" http://bugs.debian.org/507673
.\" http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2009-02/msg00013.html
.\" ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
.ie \n(.g .ds Aq \(aq
.el .ds Aq '
.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
.\" * set default formatting
.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
.\" disable hyphenation
.nh
.\" disable justification (adjust text to left margin only)
.ad l
.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
.\" * MAIN CONTENT STARTS HERE *
.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
.SH "НАЗВА"
passwd \- файл паролів
.SH "ОПИС"
.PP
/etc/passwd
contains one line for each user account, with seven fields delimited by colons (\(Fo:\(Fc)\&. These fields are:
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
ім\*(Aqя користувача
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
необов\*(Aqязковий шифрований пароль
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
числовий ідентифікатор користувача
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
числовий ідентифікатор групи
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
поле імені користувача або коментаря
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
домашній каталог користувача
.RE
.sp
.RS 4
.ie n \{\
\h'-04'\(bu\h'+03'\c
.\}
.el \{\
.sp -1
.IP \(bu 2.3
.\}
необов\*(Aqязковий інтерпретатор команд користувача
.RE
.PP
If the
\fIpassword\fR
field is a lower\-case
\(Fox\(Fc, then the encrypted password is actually stored in the
\fBshadow\fR(5)
file instead; there
\fImust\fR
be a corresponding line in the
/etc/shadow
file, or else the user account is invalid\&.
.PP
The encrypted
\fIpassword\fR
field may be empty, in which case no password is required to authenticate as the specified login name\&. However, some applications which read the
/etc/passwd
file may decide not to permit
\fIany\fR
access at all if the
\fIpassword\fR
field is blank\&.
.PP
A
\fIpassword\fR
field which starts with an exclamation mark means that the password is locked\&. The remaining characters on the line represent the
\fIpassword\fR
field before the password was locked\&.
.PP
Refer to
\fBcrypt\fR(3)
for details on how this string is interpreted\&.
.PP
If the password field contains some string that is not a valid result of
\fBcrypt\fR(3), for instance ! or *, the user will not be able to use a unix password to log in (but the user may log in the system by other means)\&.
.PP
The comment field, also known as the gecos field, is used by various system utilities, such as
\fBfinger\fR(1)\&. The use of an ampersand here will be replaced by the capitalised login name when the field is used or displayed by such system utilities\&.
.PP
The home directory field provides the name of the initial working directory\&. The
\fBlogin\fR
program uses this information to set the value of the
\fB$HOME\fR
environmental variable\&.
.PP
The command interpreter field provides the name of the user\*(Aqs command language interpreter, or the name of the initial program to execute\&. The
\fBlogin\fR
program uses this information to set the value of the
\fB$SHELL\fR
environmental variable\&. If this field is empty, it defaults to the value
/bin/sh\&.
.SH "ФАЙЛИ"
.PP
/etc/passwd
.RS 4
Відомості щодо облікових записів користувача\&.
.RE
.PP
/etc/shadow
.RS 4
необов\*(Aqязковий файл шифрованих паролів
.RE
.PP
/etc/passwd\-
.RS 4
Резервна копію файла /etc/passwd\&.
.sp
Зауважте, що цей файл буде використано інструментами комплексу засобів shadow, але не усіма засобами керування записами користувачів і паролями\&.
.RE
.SH "ДИВ\&. ТАКОЖ"
.PP
\fBcrypt\fR(3),
\fBgetent\fR(1),
\fBgetpwnam\fR(3),
\fBlogin\fR(1),
\fBpasswd\fR(1),
\fBpwck\fR(8),
\fBpwconv\fR(8),
\fBpwunconv\fR(8),
\fBshadow\fR(5),
\fBsu\fR(1),
\fBsulogin\fR(8)\&.
|
