Adding upstream version 7.2.6.upstream/7.2.6upstream

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel.baumann@progress-linux.org>

943 files changed, 50007 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/tests/__init__.py b/tests/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/__init__.py
diff --git a/tests/certs/cert.pem b/tests/certs/cert.pem
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f8c35c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/certs/cert.pem
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----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+-----END PRIVATE KEY-----
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
diff --git a/tests/conftest.py b/tests/conftest.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1b909bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/conftest.py
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import docutils
+import pytest
+
+import sphinx
+import sphinx.locale
+
+
+def _init_console(locale_dir=sphinx.locale._LOCALE_DIR, catalog='sphinx'):
+    """Monkeypatch ``init_console`` to skip its action.
+
+    Some tests rely on warning messages in English. We don't want
+    CLI tests to bleed over those tests and make their warnings
+    translated.
+    """
+    return sphinx.locale.NullTranslations(), False
+
+
+sphinx.locale.init_console = _init_console
+
+pytest_plugins = 'sphinx.testing.fixtures'
+
+# Exclude 'roots' dirs for pytest test collector
+collect_ignore = ['roots']
+
+os.environ['SPHINX_AUTODOC_RELOAD_MODULES'] = '1'
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope='session')
+def rootdir():
+    return Path(__file__).parent.absolute() / 'roots'
+
+
+def pytest_report_header(config):
+    header = f"libraries: Sphinx-{sphinx.__display_version__}, docutils-{docutils.__version__}"
+    if hasattr(config, '_tmp_path_factory'):
+        header += f"\nbase tmp_path: {config._tmp_path_factory.getbasetemp()}"
+    return header
diff --git a/tests/ext_napoleon_pep526_data_google.py b/tests/ext_napoleon_pep526_data_google.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bb55b0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ext_napoleon_pep526_data_google.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+"""Test module for napoleon PEP 526 compatibility with google style"""
+
+module_level_var: int = 99
+"""This is an example module level variable"""
+
+
+class PEP526GoogleClass:
+    """Sample class with PEP 526 annotations and google docstring
+
+    Attributes:
+        attr1: Attr1 description.
+        attr2: Attr2 description.
+    """
+
+    attr1: int
+    attr2: str
diff --git a/tests/ext_napoleon_pep526_data_numpy.py b/tests/ext_napoleon_pep526_data_numpy.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b3093a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ext_napoleon_pep526_data_numpy.py
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+"""Test module for napoleon PEP 526 compatibility with numpy style"""
+
+module_level_var: int = 99
+"""This is an example module level variable"""
+
+
+class PEP526NumpyClass:
+    """
+    Sample class with PEP 526 annotations and numpy docstring
+
+    Attributes
+    ----------
+    attr1:
+        Attr1 description
+
+    attr2:
+        Attr2 description
+    """
+    attr1: int
+    attr2: str
diff --git a/tests/js/documentation_options.js b/tests/js/documentation_options.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e736460
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/js/documentation_options.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+const DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = {};
diff --git a/tests/js/searchtools.js b/tests/js/searchtools.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c9e0c43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/js/searchtools.js
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+describe('Basic html theme search', function() {
+
+  describe('terms search', function() {
+
+    it('should find "C++" when in index', function() {
+      index = {
+        docnames:["index"],
+        filenames:["index.rst"],
+        terms:{'c++':0},
+        titles:["<no title>"],
+        titleterms:{}
+      }
+      Search.setIndex(index);
+      searchterms = ['c++'];
+      excluded = [];
+      terms = index.terms;
+      titleterms = index.titleterms;
+
+      hits = [[
+        "index",
+        "<no title>",
+        "",
+        null,
+        2,
+        "index.rst"
+      ]];
+      expect(Search.performTermsSearch(searchterms, excluded, terms, titleterms)).toEqual(hits);
+    });
+
+  });
+
+});
+
+// This is regression test for https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/issues/3150
+describe('splitQuery regression tests', () => {
+
+  it('can split English words', () => {
+    const parts = splitQuery('   Hello    World   ')
+    expect(parts).toEqual(['Hello', 'World'])
+  })
+
+  it('can split special characters', () => {
+    const parts = splitQuery('Pin-Code')
+    expect(parts).toEqual(['Pin', 'Code'])
+  })
+
+  it('can split Chinese characters', () => {
+    const parts = splitQuery('Hello from 中国 上海')
+    expect(parts).toEqual(['Hello', 'from', '中国', '上海'])
+  })
+
+  it('can split Emoji (surrogate pair) characters. It should keep emojis.', () => {
+    const parts = splitQuery('😁😁')
+    expect(parts).toEqual(['😁😁'])
+  })
+
+  it('can split umlauts. It should keep umlauts.', () => {
+    const parts = splitQuery('Löschen Prüfung Abändern ærlig spørsmål')
+    expect(parts).toEqual(['Löschen', 'Prüfung', 'Abändern', 'ærlig', 'spørsmål'])
+  })
+
+})
diff --git a/tests/js/sphinx_highlight.js b/tests/js/sphinx_highlight.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1f52eab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/js/sphinx_highlight.js
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+describe('highlightText', function() {
+
+  const cyrillicTerm = 'шеллы';
+  const umlautTerm = 'gänsefüßchen';
+
+  it('should highlight text incl. special characters correctly in HTML', function() {
+    const highlightTestSpan = new DOMParser().parseFromString(
+      '<span>This is the шеллы and Gänsefüßchen test!</span>', 'text/html').body.firstChild
+    _highlightText(highlightTestSpan, cyrillicTerm, 'highlighted');
+    _highlightText(highlightTestSpan, umlautTerm, 'highlighted');
+    const expectedHtmlString =
+      'This is the <span class=\"highlighted\">шеллы</span> and ' +
+      '<span class=\"highlighted\">Gänsefüßchen</span> test!';
+    expect(highlightTestSpan.innerHTML).toEqual(expectedHtmlString);
+  });
+
+  it('should highlight text incl. special characters correctly in SVG', function() {
+    const highlightTestSvg = new DOMParser().parseFromString(
+      '<span id="svg-highlight-test">' +
+        '<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" height="50" width="500">' +
+          '<text x="0" y="15">' +
+            'This is the шеллы and Gänsefüßchen test!' +
+          '</text>' +
+        '</svg>' +
+      '</span>', 'text/html').body.firstChild
+    _highlightText(highlightTestSvg, cyrillicTerm, 'highlighted');
+    _highlightText(highlightTestSvg, umlautTerm, 'highlighted');
+    /* Note wild cards and ``toMatch``; allowing for some variability
+       seems to be necessary, even between different FF versions */
+    const expectedSvgString =
+      '<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" height="50" width="500">'
+      + '<rect x=".*" y=".*" width=".*" height=".*" class="highlighted"/>'
+      + '<rect x=".*" y=".*" width=".*" height=".*" class="highlighted"/>'
+      + '<text x=".*" y=".*">This is the <tspan>шеллы</tspan> and '
+      + '<tspan>Gänsefüßchen</tspan> test!</text></svg>';
+    expect(new XMLSerializer().serializeToString(highlightTestSvg.firstChild)).toMatch(new RegExp(expectedSvgString));
+  });
+
+});
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-add_enumerable_node/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-add_enumerable_node/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8c3a568
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-add_enumerable_node/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+import os
+import sys
+
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('.'))
+extensions = ['enumerable_node']
+
+numfig = True
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-add_enumerable_node/enumerable_node.py b/tests/roots/test-add_enumerable_node/enumerable_node.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..782365e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-add_enumerable_node/enumerable_node.py
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+from docutils import nodes
+from docutils.parsers.rst import Directive
+
+
+class my_figure(nodes.figure):
+    pass
+
+
+def visit_my_figure(self, node):
+    self.visit_figure(node)
+
+
+def depart_my_figure(self, node):
+    self.depart_figure(node)
+
+
+class MyFigure(Directive):
+    required_arguments = 1
+    has_content = True
+
+    def run(self):
+        figure_node = my_figure()
+        figure_node += nodes.image(uri=self.arguments[0])
+        figure_node += nodes.caption(text=''.join(self.content))
+        return [figure_node]
+
+
+class numbered_text(nodes.Element):
+    pass
+
+
+def visit_numbered_text(self, node):
+    self.body.append(self.starttag(node, 'div'))
+    self.add_fignumber(node)
+    self.body.append(node['title'])
+    self.body.append('</div>')
+    raise nodes.SkipNode
+
+
+def get_title(node):
+    return node['title']
+
+
+class NumberedText(Directive):
+    required_arguments = 1
+    final_argument_whitespace = True
+
+    def run(self):
+        return [numbered_text(title=self.arguments[0])]
+
+
+def setup(app):
+    # my-figure
+    app.add_enumerable_node(my_figure, 'figure',
+                            html=(visit_my_figure, depart_my_figure))
+    app.add_directive('my-figure', MyFigure)
+
+    # numbered_label
+    app.add_enumerable_node(numbered_text, 'original', get_title,
+                            html=(visit_numbered_text, None))
+    app.add_directive('numbered-text', NumberedText)
+    app.config.numfig_format.setdefault('original', 'No.%s')
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-add_enumerable_node/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-add_enumerable_node/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..98b858e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-add_enumerable_node/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+========================
+test-add_enumerable_node
+========================
+
+.. toctree::
+   :numbered:
+
+
+First section
+=============
+
+.. _first_figure:
+
+.. figure:: rimg.png
+
+   First figure
+
+.. _first_my_figure:
+
+.. my-figure:: rimg.png
+
+   First my figure
+
+.. _first_numbered_text:
+
+.. numbered-text:: Hello world
+
+.. _second_numbered_text:
+
+.. numbered-text:: Hello Sphinx
+
+Second section
+==============
+
+.. _second_my_figure:
+
+.. my-figure:: rimg.png
+
+   Second my figure
+
+Reference section
+=================
+
+* first_figure is :numref:`first_figure`
+* first_my_figure is :numref:`first_my_figure`
+* second_my_figure is :numref:`second_my_figure`
+* first numbered_text is :numref:`first_numbered_text`
+* second numbered_text is :numref:`second_numbered_text`
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-add_enumerable_node/rimg.png b/tests/roots/test-add_enumerable_node/rimg.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fda6cd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-add_enumerable_node/rimg.png
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-add_source_parser-conflicts-with-users-setting/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-add_source_parser-conflicts-with-users-setting/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3ad5491
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-add_source_parser-conflicts-with-users-setting/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+import os
+import sys
+
+from docutils.parsers import Parser
+
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('.'))
+
+
+class DummyTestParser(Parser):
+    supported = ('dummy',)
+
+
+extensions = ['source_parser']
+source_suffix = ['.rst', '.test']
+source_parsers = {
+    '.test': DummyTestParser
+}
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-add_source_parser-conflicts-with-users-setting/source_parser.py b/tests/roots/test-add_source_parser-conflicts-with-users-setting/source_parser.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..69ad02d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-add_source_parser-conflicts-with-users-setting/source_parser.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+from docutils.parsers import Parser
+
+
+class TestSourceParser(Parser):
+    supported = ('test',)
+
+
+def setup(app):
+    app.add_source_suffix('.test', 'test')
+    app.add_source_parser(TestSourceParser)
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-add_source_parser/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-add_source_parser/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2acd4d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-add_source_parser/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+import os
+import sys
+
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('.'))
+
+
+extensions = ['source_parser']
+source_suffix = ['.rst']
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-add_source_parser/source_parser.py b/tests/roots/test-add_source_parser/source_parser.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..69ad02d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-add_source_parser/source_parser.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+from docutils.parsers import Parser
+
+
+class TestSourceParser(Parser):
+    supported = ('test',)
+
+
+def setup(app):
+    app.add_source_suffix('.test', 'test')
+    app.add_source_parser(TestSourceParser)
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-api-set-translator/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-api-set-translator/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3b56c39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-api-set-translator/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+# set this by test
+# import os
+# import sys
+# sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('.'))
+
+from docutils.writers.docutils_xml import XMLTranslator
+
+from sphinx.writers.html import HTML5Translator
+from sphinx.writers.latex import LaTeXTranslator
+from sphinx.writers.manpage import ManualPageTranslator
+from sphinx.writers.texinfo import TexinfoTranslator
+from sphinx.writers.text import TextTranslator
+
+project = 'test'
+
+
+class ConfHTMLTranslator(HTML5Translator):
+    pass
+
+
+class ConfDirHTMLTranslator(HTML5Translator):
+    pass
+
+
+class ConfSingleHTMLTranslator(HTML5Translator):
+    pass
+
+
+class ConfPickleTranslator(HTML5Translator):
+    pass
+
+
+class ConfJsonTranslator(HTML5Translator):
+    pass
+
+
+class ConfLaTeXTranslator(LaTeXTranslator):
+    pass
+
+
+class ConfManualPageTranslator(ManualPageTranslator):
+    pass
+
+
+class ConfTexinfoTranslator(TexinfoTranslator):
+    pass
+
+
+class ConfTextTranslator(TextTranslator):
+    pass
+
+
+class ConfXMLTranslator(XMLTranslator):
+    pass
+
+
+class ConfPseudoXMLTranslator(XMLTranslator):
+    pass
+
+
+def setup(app):
+    app.set_translator('html', ConfHTMLTranslator)
+    app.set_translator('dirhtml', ConfDirHTMLTranslator)
+    app.set_translator('singlehtml', ConfSingleHTMLTranslator)
+    app.set_translator('pickle', ConfPickleTranslator)
+    app.set_translator('json', ConfJsonTranslator)
+    app.set_translator('latex', ConfLaTeXTranslator)
+    app.set_translator('man', ConfManualPageTranslator)
+    app.set_translator('texinfo', ConfTexinfoTranslator)
+    app.set_translator('text', ConfTextTranslator)
+    app.set_translator('xml', ConfXMLTranslator)
+    app.set_translator('pseudoxml', ConfPseudoXMLTranslator)
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-api-set-translator/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-api-set-translator/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a7d692
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-api-set-translator/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+=======================
+Test API set_translator
+=======================
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-api-set-translator/nonext/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-api-set-translator/nonext/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f93e4da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-api-set-translator/nonext/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+import os
+import sys
+
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath('.')))
+
+project = 'test'
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-api-set-translator/translator.py b/tests/roots/test-api-set-translator/translator.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3adbf76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-api-set-translator/translator.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from sphinx.writers.html import HTML5Translator
+
+
+class ExtHTMLTranslator(HTML5Translator):
+    pass
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-apidoc-duplicates/fish_licence/halibut.cpython-38-x86_64-linux-gnu.so b/tests/roots/test-apidoc-duplicates/fish_licence/halibut.cpython-38-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-apidoc-duplicates/fish_licence/halibut.cpython-38-x86_64-linux-gnu.so
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-apidoc-duplicates/fish_licence/halibut.pyx b/tests/roots/test-apidoc-duplicates/fish_licence/halibut.pyx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-apidoc-duplicates/fish_licence/halibut.pyx
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-apidoc-pep420/a/b/c/__init__.py b/tests/roots/test-apidoc-pep420/a/b/c/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5b727c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-apidoc-pep420/a/b/c/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+"Package C"
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-apidoc-pep420/a/b/c/d.py b/tests/roots/test-apidoc-pep420/a/b/c/d.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..63b0e34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-apidoc-pep420/a/b/c/d.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+"Module d"
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-apidoc-pep420/a/b/e/__init__.py b/tests/roots/test-apidoc-pep420/a/b/e/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-apidoc-pep420/a/b/e/__init__.py
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-apidoc-pep420/a/b/e/f.py b/tests/roots/test-apidoc-pep420/a/b/e/f.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a09affe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-apidoc-pep420/a/b/e/f.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+"Module f"
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-apidoc-pep420/a/b/x/y.py b/tests/roots/test-apidoc-pep420/a/b/x/y.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..46bc245
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-apidoc-pep420/a/b/x/y.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+"Module y"
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-apidoc-subpackage-in-toc/parent/__init__.py b/tests/roots/test-apidoc-subpackage-in-toc/parent/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-apidoc-subpackage-in-toc/parent/__init__.py
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-apidoc-subpackage-in-toc/parent/child/__init__.py b/tests/roots/test-apidoc-subpackage-in-toc/parent/child/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-apidoc-subpackage-in-toc/parent/child/__init__.py
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-apidoc-subpackage-in-toc/parent/child/foo.py b/tests/roots/test-apidoc-subpackage-in-toc/parent/child/foo.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..810c96e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-apidoc-subpackage-in-toc/parent/child/foo.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+"foo"
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-apidoc-toc/mypackage/__init__.py b/tests/roots/test-apidoc-toc/mypackage/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-apidoc-toc/mypackage/__init__.py
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-apidoc-toc/mypackage/main.py b/tests/roots/test-apidoc-toc/mypackage/main.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..f532813
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-apidoc-toc/mypackage/main.py
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+import os
+
+import mod_resource
+import mod_something
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    print(f"Hello, world! -> something returns: {mod_something.something()}")
+
+    res_path = \
+        os.path.join(os.path.dirname(mod_resource.__file__), 'resource.txt')
+    with open(res_path, encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        text = f.read()
+    print(f"From mod_resource:resource.txt -> {text}")
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-apidoc-toc/mypackage/no_init/foo.py b/tests/roots/test-apidoc-toc/mypackage/no_init/foo.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ece50cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-apidoc-toc/mypackage/no_init/foo.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+MESSAGE = "There's no __init__.py in this folder, hence we should be left out"
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-apidoc-toc/mypackage/resource/__init__.py b/tests/roots/test-apidoc-toc/mypackage/resource/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-apidoc-toc/mypackage/resource/__init__.py
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-apidoc-toc/mypackage/resource/resource.txt b/tests/roots/test-apidoc-toc/mypackage/resource/resource.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c04433e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-apidoc-toc/mypackage/resource/resource.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+This is a text resource to be included in this otherwise empty module. No python contents here.
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-apidoc-toc/mypackage/something/__init__.py b/tests/roots/test-apidoc-toc/mypackage/something/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6401e43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-apidoc-toc/mypackage/something/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+"Subpackage Something"
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-apidoc-trailing-underscore/package_/__init__.py b/tests/roots/test-apidoc-trailing-underscore/package_/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b09612b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-apidoc-trailing-underscore/package_/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+""" A package with trailing underscores """
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-apidoc-trailing-underscore/package_/module_.py b/tests/roots/test-apidoc-trailing-underscore/package_/module_.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e16461c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-apidoc-trailing-underscore/package_/module_.py
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+""" A module with a trailing underscore """
+
+
+class SomeClass_:
+    """ A class with a trailing underscore """
+
+
+def some_function_(some_arg_):
+    """ A function with a trailing underscore in name and argument """
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-autosummary/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-autosummary/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..46cf4fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-autosummary/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+import os
+import sys
+
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('.'))
+
+extensions = ['sphinx.ext.autosummary']
+
+# The suffix of source filenames.
+source_suffix = '.rst'
+autosummary_generate = True
+
+exclude_patterns = ['_build']
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-autosummary/dummy_module.py b/tests/roots/test-autosummary/dummy_module.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4adc031
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-autosummary/dummy_module.py
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+"""
+.. autosummary::
+
+   module_attr
+   C.class_attr
+   C.instance_attr
+   C.prop_attr1
+   C.prop_attr2
+   C.C2
+"""
+
+
+def withSentence():
+    '''I have a sentence which
+    spans multiple lines. Then I have
+    more stuff
+    '''
+    pass
+
+
+def noSentence():
+    '''this doesn't start with a
+    capital. so it's not considered
+    a sentence
+    '''
+    pass
+
+
+def emptyLine():
+    '''This is the real summary
+
+    However, it did't end with a period.
+    '''
+    pass
+
+
+#: This is a module attribute
+#:
+#: value is integer.
+module_attr = 1
+
+
+class C:
+    '''
+    My C class
+
+    with class_attr attribute
+    '''
+
+    #: This is a class attribute
+    #:
+    #: value is integer.
+    class_attr = 42
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        #: This is an instance attribute
+        #:
+        #: value is a string
+        self.instance_attr = "42"
+
+    def _prop_attr_get(self):
+        """
+        This is a function docstring
+
+        return value is string.
+        """
+        return 'spam egg'
+
+    prop_attr1 = property(_prop_attr_get)
+
+    prop_attr2 = property(_prop_attr_get)
+    """
+    This is a attribute docstring
+
+    value is string.
+    """
+
+    class C2:
+        '''
+        This is a nested inner class docstring
+        '''
+
+
+def func(arg_, *args, **kwargs):
+    """Test function take an argument ended with underscore."""
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-autosummary/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-autosummary/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ddc4bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-autosummary/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+
+.. autosummary::
+   :nosignatures:
+   :toctree:
+
+   dummy_module
+   underscore_module_
+   sphinx
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-autosummary/sphinx.rst b/tests/roots/test-autosummary/sphinx.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc1a35a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-autosummary/sphinx.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+Autosummary test
+================
+
+.. autosummary::
+   :toctree: generated
+
+   sphinx.application.Sphinx
+
+.. currentmodule:: sphinx.application
+
+.. autoclass:: TemplateBridge
+
+   Basic test
+
+   .. autosummary::
+
+      render                    -- some ignored stuff goes here
+      render_string             More ignored stuff
+
+   Test with tildes
+
+   .. autosummary::
+
+      ~TemplateBridge.render
+      ~TemplateBridge.render_string
+
+   Methods:
+
+  .. automethod:: render
+
+  .. automethod:: render_string
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-autosummary/underscore_module_.py b/tests/roots/test-autosummary/underscore_module_.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8584e60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-autosummary/underscore_module_.py
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+"""
+module with trailing underscores everywhere
+"""
+
+
+class class_:
+    """ Class """
+    def method_(_arg):
+        """ Method """
+        pass
+
+
+def function_(_arg):
+    """ Function """
+    pass
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-basic/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-basic/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e274bde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-basic/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+latex_documents = [
+    ('index', 'test.tex', 'The basic Sphinx documentation for testing', 'Sphinx', 'report')
+]
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-basic/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-basic/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af12ed6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-basic/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+The basic Sphinx documentation for testing
+==========================================
+
+Sphinx is a tool that makes it easy to create intelligent and beautiful
+documentation for Python projects (or other documents consisting of multiple
+reStructuredText sources), written by Georg Brandl.  It was originally created
+for the new Python documentation, and has excellent facilities for Python
+project documentation, but C/C++ is supported as well, and more languages are
+planned.
+
+Sphinx uses reStructuredText as its markup language, and many of its strengths
+come from the power and straightforwardness of reStructuredText and its parsing
+and translating suite, the Docutils.
+
+features
+--------
+
+Among its features are the following:
+
+* Output formats: HTML (including derivative formats such as HTML Help, Epub
+  and Qt Help), plain text, manual pages and LaTeX or direct PDF output
+  using rst2pdf
+* Extensive cross-references: semantic markup and automatic links
+  for functions, classes, glossary terms and similar pieces of information
+* Hierarchical structure: easy definition of a document tree, with automatic
+  links to siblings, parents and children
+* Automatic indices: general index as well as a module index
+* Code handling: automatic highlighting using the Pygments highlighter
+* Flexible HTML output using the Jinja 2 templating engine
+* Various extensions are available, e.g. for automatic testing of snippets
+  and inclusion of appropriately formatted docstrings
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-build-html-theme-having-multiple-stylesheets/_themes/mytheme/_static/extra.css b/tests/roots/test-build-html-theme-having-multiple-stylesheets/_themes/mytheme/_static/extra.css
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-build-html-theme-having-multiple-stylesheets/_themes/mytheme/_static/extra.css
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-build-html-theme-having-multiple-stylesheets/_themes/mytheme/_static/mytheme.css b/tests/roots/test-build-html-theme-having-multiple-stylesheets/_themes/mytheme/_static/mytheme.css
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-build-html-theme-having-multiple-stylesheets/_themes/mytheme/_static/mytheme.css
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-build-html-theme-having-multiple-stylesheets/_themes/mytheme/theme.conf b/tests/roots/test-build-html-theme-having-multiple-stylesheets/_themes/mytheme/theme.conf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c87296e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-build-html-theme-having-multiple-stylesheets/_themes/mytheme/theme.conf
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+[theme]
+inherit = basic
+stylesheet = mytheme.css, extra.css
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-build-html-theme-having-multiple-stylesheets/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-build-html-theme-having-multiple-stylesheets/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3cb43d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-build-html-theme-having-multiple-stylesheets/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+html_theme_path = ['_themes']
+html_theme = 'mytheme'
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-build-html-theme-having-multiple-stylesheets/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-build-html-theme-having-multiple-stylesheets/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b8b81f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-build-html-theme-having-multiple-stylesheets/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+test-build-html-theme-having-multiple-stylesheets
+=================================================
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-build-html-translator/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-build-html-translator/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..89448d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-build-html-translator/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+from sphinx.writers.html import HTML5Translator
+
+project = 'test'
+
+
+class ConfHTMLTranslator(HTML5Translator):
+    depart_with_node = 0
+
+    def depart_admonition(self, node=None):
+        if node is not None:
+            self.depart_with_node += 1
+        HTML5Translator.depart_admonition(self, node)
+
+
+def setup(app):
+    app.set_translator('html', ConfHTMLTranslator)
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-build-html-translator/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-build-html-translator/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1610d2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-build-html-translator/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+=======================
+Test HTML admonitions
+=======================
+
+.. seealso:: test
+
+.. note:: test
+
+.. warning:: test
+
+.. attention:: test
+
+.. caution:: test
+
+.. danger:: test
+
+.. error:: test
+
+.. hint:: test
+
+.. important:: test
+
+.. tip:: test
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-build-text/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-build-text/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd9eefb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-build-text/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+source_suffix = '.txt'
+exclude_patterns = ['_build']
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-build-text/doc1.txt b/tests/roots/test-build-text/doc1.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..da1909a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-build-text/doc1.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Section A
+=========
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-build-text/doc2.txt b/tests/roots/test-build-text/doc2.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ebc88e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-build-text/doc2.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+Section B
+=========
+
+Sub Ba
+------
+
+Sub Bb
+------
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-build-text/index.txt b/tests/roots/test-build-text/index.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ca9f8dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-build-text/index.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+.. toctree::
+   :numbered:
+
+   doc1
+   doc2
+   maxwidth
+   lineblock
+   nonascii_title
+   nonascii_table
+   nonascii_maxwidth
+   table
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-build-text/lineblock.txt b/tests/roots/test-build-text/lineblock.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b9cd0ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-build-text/lineblock.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+* one
+
+  | line-block 1
+  | line-block 2
+
+followed paragraph.
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-build-text/listitems.txt b/tests/roots/test-build-text/listitems.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f0952d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-build-text/listitems.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+.. seealso::
+
+    * item 1
+    * item 2
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-build-text/maxwidth.txt b/tests/roots/test-build-text/maxwidth.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c36f8a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-build-text/maxwidth.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+.. seealso:: ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham
+
+* ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham
+* ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham ham
+
+spam egg
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-build-text/nonascii_maxwidth.txt b/tests/roots/test-build-text/nonascii_maxwidth.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e9f0fd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-build-text/nonascii_maxwidth.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+abc abc abc abc abc abc abc abc abc abc abc abc abc abc abc abc abc abc abc abc abc abc abc
+
+日本語 日本語 日本語 日本語 日本語 日本語 日本語 日本語 日本語 日本語 日本語 日本語 日本語 日本語 日本語 日本語 日本語 日本語 日本語 日本語 日本語 日本語 日本語
+
+abc 日本語 abc 日本語 abc 日本語 abc 日本語 abc 日本語 abc 日本語 abc 日本語 abc 日本語 abc 日本語 abc 日本語 abc 日本語
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-build-text/nonascii_table.txt b/tests/roots/test-build-text/nonascii_table.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..709e0f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-build-text/nonascii_table.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+.. list-table::
+
+   - - spam
+     - egg
+
+   - - 日本語
+     - 日本語
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-build-text/nonascii_title.txt b/tests/roots/test-build-text/nonascii_title.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d3b1f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-build-text/nonascii_title.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+日本語
+======
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-build-text/table.txt b/tests/roots/test-build-text/table.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..adc8b37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-build-text/table.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
++-----+-----+
+| XXX | XXX |
++-----+-----+
+|     | XXX |
++-----+-----+
+| XXX |     |
++-----+-----+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-build-text/table_colspan.txt b/tests/roots/test-build-text/table_colspan.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4ae6637
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-build-text/table_colspan.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
++-----+-----+
+| XXX | XXX |
++-----+-----+
+|     | XXX |
++-----+     |
+| XXX |     |
++-----+-----+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-build-text/table_colspan_and_rowspan.txt b/tests/roots/test-build-text/table_colspan_and_rowspan.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..82d3607
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-build-text/table_colspan_and_rowspan.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
++-----------+-----+
+| AAA       | BBB |
++-----+-----+     |
+|     | XXX |     |
+|     +-----+-----+
+| DDD | CCC       |
++-----+-----------+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-build-text/table_colspan_left.txt b/tests/roots/test-build-text/table_colspan_left.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dbfa324
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-build-text/table_colspan_left.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
++-----+-----+
+| XXX | XXX |
++-----+-----+
+|     | XXX |
+|     +-----+
+| XXX |     |
++-----+-----+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-build-text/table_rowspan.txt b/tests/roots/test-build-text/table_rowspan.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..36c30eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-build-text/table_rowspan.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
++-----+-----+
+| XXXXXXXXX |
++-----+-----+
+|     | XXX |
++-----+-----+
+| XXX |     |
++-----+-----+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-builder-dirhtml/bar.rst b/tests/roots/test-builder-dirhtml/bar.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..11f287a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-builder-dirhtml/bar.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+.. _bar:
+
+bar
+===
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-builder-dirhtml/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-builder-dirhtml/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-builder-dirhtml/conf.py
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-builder-dirhtml/foo/foo_1.rst b/tests/roots/test-builder-dirhtml/foo/foo_1.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6db0ea5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-builder-dirhtml/foo/foo_1.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+.. _foo_1:
+
+foo/foo_1
+=========
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-builder-dirhtml/foo/foo_2.rst b/tests/roots/test-builder-dirhtml/foo/foo_2.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fae7f26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-builder-dirhtml/foo/foo_2.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+.. _foo_2:
+
+foo/foo_2
+=========
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-builder-dirhtml/foo/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-builder-dirhtml/foo/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..92d473c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-builder-dirhtml/foo/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+.. _foo:
+
+foo/index
+=========
+
+.. toctree::
+
+   foo_1
+   foo_2
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-builder-dirhtml/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-builder-dirhtml/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..274e177
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-builder-dirhtml/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+.. _index:
+
+index
+=====
+
+.. toctree::
+
+   foo/index
+   bar
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-builder-gettext-dont-rebuild-mo/bom.rst b/tests/roots/test-builder-gettext-dont-rebuild-mo/bom.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3fea824
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-builder-gettext-dont-rebuild-mo/bom.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+File with UTF-8 BOM
+===================
+
+This file has a UTF-8 "BOM".
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-builder-gettext-dont-rebuild-mo/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-builder-gettext-dont-rebuild-mo/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d13f727
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-builder-gettext-dont-rebuild-mo/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+language = 'xx'
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-builder-gettext-dont-rebuild-mo/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-builder-gettext-dont-rebuild-mo/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7ff38c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-builder-gettext-dont-rebuild-mo/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+The basic Sphinx documentation for testing
+==========================================
+
+.. toctree::
+
+   bom
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-builder-gettext-dont-rebuild-mo/xx/LC_MESSAGES/bom.po b/tests/roots/test-builder-gettext-dont-rebuild-mo/xx/LC_MESSAGES/bom.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c6025eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-builder-gettext-dont-rebuild-mo/xx/LC_MESSAGES/bom.po
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+msgid "File with UTF-8 BOM"
+msgstr "Datei mit UTF-8"
+
+msgid "This file has a UTF-8 \"BOM\"."
+msgstr "This file has umlauts: äöü."
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-changes/base.rst b/tests/roots/test-changes/base.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1b2839
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-changes/base.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+Version markup
+--------------
+
+.. versionadded:: 0.6
+   Some funny **stuff**.
+
+.. versionchanged:: 0.6
+   Even more funny stuff.
+
+.. deprecated:: 0.6
+   Boring stuff.
+
+.. versionadded:: 1.2
+
+   First paragraph of versionadded.
+
+.. versionchanged:: 1.2
+   First paragraph of versionchanged.
+
+   Second paragraph of versionchanged.
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-changes/c-api.rst b/tests/roots/test-changes/c-api.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f0ad413
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-changes/c-api.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+.. highlight:: c
+
+
+Memory
+======
+
+.. c:function:: void* Test_Malloc(size_t n)
+
+   Allocate *n* bytes of memory.
+
+   .. versionchanged:: 0.6
+
+      Can now be replaced with a different allocator.
+
+System
+------
+
+Access to the system allocator.
+
+.. versionadded:: 0.6
+
+.. c:function:: void* Test_SysMalloc(size_t n)
+
+   Allocate *n* bytes of memory using system allocator.
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-changes/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-changes/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c3b2169
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-changes/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+project = 'Sphinx ChangesBuilder tests'
+copyright = '2007-2023 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS'
+version = '0.6'
+release = '0.6alpha1'
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-changes/contents.rst b/tests/roots/test-changes/contents.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ced8026
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-changes/contents.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+Index for ChangesBuilder tests
+==============================
+
+Contents:
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 2
+   :caption: Table of Contents
+   :name: mastertoc
+
+   base
+   c-api
+   library/utils
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-changes/library/utils.rst b/tests/roots/test-changes/library/utils.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8644699
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-changes/library/utils.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+:mod:`utils` --- Fake utilities module for tests
+================================================
+
+.. module:: utils
+   :synopsis: Utility functions
+
+--------------
+
+The :mod:`utils` module is a pretend python module for changes testing.
+
+
+Classes
+-------
+
+.. class:: Path
+
+   Class for handling paths.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 0.5
+
+      Innovative new way to handle paths.
+
+    .. deprecated:: 0.6
+
+       So, that was a bad idea it turns out.
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-circular/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-circular/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a45d22e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-circular/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+exclude_patterns = ['_build']
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-circular/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-circular/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..294e674
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-circular/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+.. toctree::
+
+   sub
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-circular/sub.rst b/tests/roots/test-circular/sub.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cebfd65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-circular/sub.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+.. toctree::
+
+   index
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-config/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-config/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0027d87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-config/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+project = 'Sphinx <Tests>'
+release = '0.6alpha1'
+templates_path = ['_templates']
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-copyright-multiline/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-copyright-multiline/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a2b7b68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-copyright-multiline/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+copyright = (
+    '2006',
+    '2006-2009, Alice',
+    '2010-2013, Bob',
+    '2014-2017, Charlie',
+    '2018-2021, David',
+    '2022-2025, Eve',
+)
+html_theme = 'basic'
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-copyright-multiline/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-copyright-multiline/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aa32ae6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-copyright-multiline/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+========================
+test-copyright-multiline
+========================
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-correct-year/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-correct-year/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..814c08b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-correct-year/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+copyright = '2006-2009, Author'
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-correct-year/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-correct-year/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..938dfd5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-correct-year/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+=================
+test-correct-year
+=================
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-default_role/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-default_role/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-default_role/conf.py
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-default_role/foo.rst b/tests/roots/test-default_role/foo.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..00e5ae5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-default_role/foo.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+foo.rst
+=======
+
+`OK` button
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-default_role/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-default_role/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..34c1855
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-default_role/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+default_role
+============
+
+.. default-role:: pep
+
+`8`
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-directive-code/caption.rst b/tests/roots/test-directive-code/caption.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..77c5c38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-directive-code/caption.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+Caption
+=======
+
+References
+----------
+
+See :numref:`name *test* rb` and :numref:`name **test** py`.
+
+See :ref:`Ruby <name *test* rb>` and :ref:`Python <name **test** py>`.
+
+
+Code blocks
+-----------
+
+.. code-block:: ruby
+   :caption: caption *test* rb
+
+   def ruby?
+       false
+   end
+
+
+Literal Include
+---------------
+
+.. literalinclude:: literal.inc
+   :language: python
+   :caption: caption **test** py
+   :lines: 10-11
+
+
+Named Code blocks
+-----------------
+
+.. code-block:: ruby
+   :name: name *test* rb
+   :caption: caption *test* rbnamed
+
+   def ruby?
+       false
+   end
+
+
+Named Literal Include
+---------------------
+
+.. literalinclude:: literal.inc
+   :language: python
+   :name: name **test** py
+   :caption: caption **test** pynamed
+   :lines: 10-11
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-directive-code/classes.rst b/tests/roots/test-directive-code/classes.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e9aa5d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-directive-code/classes.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+classes
+=======
+
+Code blocks
+-----------
+
+.. code-block:: ruby
+   :class: foo bar
+   :name: code_block
+
+       def ruby?
+           false
+       end
+
+
+Literal Includes
+----------------
+
+.. literalinclude:: literal.inc
+   :class: bar baz
+   :name: literal_include
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-directive-code/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-directive-code/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f1e3a2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-directive-code/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+exclude_patterns = ['_build']
+numfig = True
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-directive-code/dedent.rst b/tests/roots/test-directive-code/dedent.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..66ac91c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-directive-code/dedent.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+dedent option
+-------------
+
+.. code-block::
+
+   First line
+   Second line
+       Third line
+   Fourth line
+
+ReST has no fixed indent and only a change in indentation is significant not the amount [1]_.
+Thus, the following code inside the code block is not indent even it looks so with respect to the previous block.
+
+.. code-block::
+
+       First line
+       Second line
+           Third line
+       Fourth line
+
+Having an option "fixates" the indent to be 3 spaces, thus the code inside the code block is indented by 4 spaces.
+
+.. code-block::
+   :class: dummy
+
+       First line
+       Second line
+           Third line
+       Fourth line
+
+The code has 6 spaces indent, minus 4 spaces dedent should yield a 2 space indented code in the output.
+
+.. code-block::
+   :dedent: 4
+
+         First line
+         Second line
+             Third line
+         Fourth line
+
+Dedenting by zero, should not strip any spaces and be a no-op.
+
+.. note::
+   This can be used as an alternative to ``:class: dummy`` above, to fixate the ReST indentation of the block.
+
+.. code-block::
+   :dedent: 0
+
+       First line
+       Second line
+           Third line
+       Fourth line
+
+Dedent without argument should autostrip common whitespace at the beginning.
+
+.. code-block::
+   :dedent:
+
+       First line
+       Second line
+           Third line
+       Fourth line
+
+.. [1] https://docutils.sourceforge.io/docs/ref/rst/restructuredtext.html#indentation
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-directive-code/emphasize.rst b/tests/roots/test-directive-code/emphasize.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..95db574
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-directive-code/emphasize.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+Literal Includes with Highlighted Lines
+=======================================
+
+.. literalinclude:: target.py
+   :language: python
+   :emphasize-lines: 5-6, 13-15, 24-
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-directive-code/empty.inc b/tests/roots/test-directive-code/empty.inc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b28b04f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-directive-code/empty.inc
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+
+
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-directive-code/error.inc b/tests/roots/test-directive-code/error.inc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4728280
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-directive-code/error.inc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+not a python script!
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-directive-code/force.rst b/tests/roots/test-directive-code/force.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1834b3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-directive-code/force.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+force option
+============
+
+.. code:: python
+   :force:
+
+   not a python script!
+
+.. code-block:: python
+   :force:
+
+   not a python script!
+
+.. literalinclude:: error.inc
+   :language: python
+   :force:
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-directive-code/highlight.rst b/tests/roots/test-directive-code/highlight.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4191b58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-directive-code/highlight.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+highlight
+---------
+
+.. code-block::
+
+   "A code-block without no language"
+
+.. code-block:: python2
+
+   "A code-block with language argument"
+
+.. highlight:: python3
+
+.. code-block::
+
+   "A code-block without no language after highlight directive"
+
+.. code-block:: python2
+
+   "A code-block without language argument after highlight directive"
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-directive-code/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-directive-code/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dab6b70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-directive-code/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+test-directive-code
+===================
+
+.. toctree::
+   :glob:
+
+   *
+
+
+Code blocks
+-----------
+
+.. code-block:: ruby
+   :linenos:
+
+       def ruby?
+           false
+       end
+
+
+Literal Includes
+----------------
+
+.. literalinclude:: literal.inc
+   :language: python
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-directive-code/linenos.rst b/tests/roots/test-directive-code/linenos.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a8e5b69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-directive-code/linenos.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+Literal Includes with Line Numbers
+==================================
+
+.. literalinclude:: literal.inc
+   :language: python
+   :linenos:
+
+.. literalinclude:: literal.inc
+   :language: python
+   :lineno-start: 200
+
+.. literalinclude:: literal.inc
+   :language: python
+   :lines: 5-9
+   :lineno-match:
+
+.. literalinclude:: empty.inc
+   :lineno-match:
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-directive-code/linenothreshold.rst b/tests/roots/test-directive-code/linenothreshold.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..09ee67e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-directive-code/linenothreshold.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+Code Blocks and Literal Includes with Line Numbers via linenothreshold
+======================================================================
+
+.. highlight:: python
+   :linenothreshold: 5
+
+.. code-block::
+
+   class Foo:
+       pass
+
+   class Bar:
+       def baz():
+       pass
+
+.. code-block::
+
+   # comment
+   value = True
+
+.. literalinclude:: literal.inc
+
+.. literalinclude:: literal-short.inc
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-directive-code/literal-diff.inc b/tests/roots/test-directive-code/literal-diff.inc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f9c21e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-directive-code/literal-diff.inc
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# Literally included file using Python highlighting
+
+foo = "Including Unicode characters: üöä"
+
+class Foo:
+    pass
+
+class Bar:
+    def baz(self):
+        pass
+
+# comment after Bar class
+def bar(): pass
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-directive-code/literal-short.inc b/tests/roots/test-directive-code/literal-short.inc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a07a3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-directive-code/literal-short.inc
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# Very small literal include (linenothreshold check)
+
+value = True
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-directive-code/literal.inc b/tests/roots/test-directive-code/literal.inc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa8f0ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-directive-code/literal.inc
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# Literally included file using Python highlighting
+
+foo = "Including Unicode characters: üöä"
+
+class Foo:
+    pass
+
+class Bar:
+    def baz():
+        pass
+
+# comment after Bar class definition
+def bar(): pass
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-directive-code/namedblocks.rst b/tests/roots/test-directive-code/namedblocks.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5779bc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-directive-code/namedblocks.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+Named Blocks
+============
+
+References to named blocks
+--------------------------
+
+See :ref:`the ruby code <some ruby code>` and
+also :ref:`the python code <some python code>`.
+
+
+Named Code block
+----------------
+
+.. code-block:: ruby
+   :name: some ruby code
+
+   def ruby?
+       false
+   end
+
+
+Named Literal Include
+---------------------
+
+.. literalinclude:: literal.inc
+   :language: python
+   :name: some python code
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-directive-code/py-decorators.inc b/tests/roots/test-directive-code/py-decorators.inc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..012d5d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-directive-code/py-decorators.inc
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# Literally included file using Python highlighting
+
+@class_decorator
+@other_decorator()
+class TheClass(object):
+
+    @method_decorator
+    @other_decorator()
+    def the_method():
+        pass
+
+@function_decorator
+@other_decorator()
+def the_function():
+    pass
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-directive-code/py-decorators.rst b/tests/roots/test-directive-code/py-decorators.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..31417f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-directive-code/py-decorators.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+py-decorators
+=============
+
+Various decorators
+------------------
+
+.. literalinclude:: py-decorators.inc
+   :name: literal_include_pydecorators_1
+   :pyobject: TheClass
+
+.. literalinclude:: py-decorators.inc
+   :name: literal_include_pydecorators_2
+   :pyobject: TheClass.the_method
+
+.. literalinclude:: py-decorators.inc
+   :name: literal_include_pydecorators_3
+   :pyobject: the_function
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-directive-code/python.rst b/tests/roots/test-directive-code/python.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..794c190
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-directive-code/python.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+===========================

+Literal Includes for python

+===========================

+

+block start with blank or comment

+=================================

+

+.. literalinclude:: target.py

+   :pyobject: block_start_with_comment

+

+.. literalinclude:: target.py

+   :pyobject: block_start_with_blank

+

diff --git a/tests/roots/test-directive-code/target.py b/tests/roots/test-directive-code/target.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b95dffb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-directive-code/target.py
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# Literally included file using Python highlighting
+
+foo = "Including Unicode characters: üöä"
+
+class Foo:
+    pass
+
+class Bar:
+    def baz():
+        pass
+
+# comment after Bar class definition
+def bar(): pass
+
+def block_start_with_comment():
+    # Comment
+    return 1
+
+def block_start_with_blank():
+
+    return 1
+
+
+class Qux:
+	def quux(self):
+		pass
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-directive-csv-table/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-directive-csv-table/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-directive-csv-table/conf.py
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-directive-csv-table/example.csv b/tests/roots/test-directive-csv-table/example.csv
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb039aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-directive-csv-table/example.csv
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+foo,bar,baz
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-directive-csv-table/subdir/example.csv b/tests/roots/test-directive-csv-table/subdir/example.csv
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..32fe56f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-directive-csv-table/subdir/example.csv
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+FOO,BAR,BAZ
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-directive-include/bar.txt b/tests/roots/test-directive-include/bar.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c0fef4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-directive-include/bar.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Text from :file:`bar.txt`.
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-directive-include/baz/baz.rst b/tests/roots/test-directive-include/baz/baz.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b74be0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-directive-include/baz/baz.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+Baz
+===
+
+.. include:: foo.rst
+
+Baz was here.
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-directive-include/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-directive-include/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a476858
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-directive-include/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+project = 'test-directive-include'
+exclude_patterns = ['_build']
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-directive-include/foo.rst b/tests/roots/test-directive-include/foo.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f82e66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-directive-include/foo.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+The #magical foo.
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-directive-include/text.txt b/tests/roots/test-directive-include/text.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b7ea15d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-directive-include/text.txt
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+This is plain text.
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-directive-only/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-directive-only/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..191d0f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-directive-only/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+project = 'test-directive-only'
+exclude_patterns = ['_build']
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-directive-only/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-directive-only/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..80ec003
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-directive-only/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+test-directive-only
+===================
+
+.. toctree::
+
+   only
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-directive-only/only.rst b/tests/roots/test-directive-only/only.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a3eb48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-directive-only/only.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+
+1. Sections in only directives
+==============================
+
+Testing sections in only directives.
+
+.. only:: nonexisting_tag
+
+   Skipped Section
+   ---------------
+   Should not be here.
+
+.. only:: not nonexisting_tag
+
+   1.1. Section
+   ------------
+   Should be here.
+
+1.2. Section
+------------
+
+.. only:: not nonexisting_tag
+
+   1.2.1. Subsection
+   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+   Should be here.
+
+.. only:: nonexisting_tag
+
+   Skipped Subsection
+   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+   Should not be here.
+
+1.3. Section
+------------
+
+1.3.1. Subsection
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Should be here.
+
+1.4. Section
+------------
+
+.. only:: not nonexisting_tag
+
+   1.4.1. Subsection
+   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+   Should be here.
+
+1.5. Section
+------------
+
+.. only:: not nonexisting_tag
+
+   1.5.1. Subsection
+   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+   Should be here.
+
+1.5.2. Subsection
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Should be here.
+
+1.6. Section
+------------
+
+1.6.1. Subsection
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Should be here.
+
+.. only:: not nonexisting_tag
+
+   1.6.2. Subsection
+   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+   Should be here.
+
+1.6.3. Subsection
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Should be here.
+
+1.7. Section
+------------
+
+1.7.1. Subsection
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Should be here.
+
+.. only:: not nonexisting_tag
+
+   1.7.1.1. Subsubsection
+   ......................
+   Should be here.
+
+1.8. Section
+------------
+
+1.8.1. Subsection
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Should be here.
+
+1.8.1.1. Subsubsection
+......................
+Should be here.
+
+.. only:: not nonexisting_tag
+
+   1.8.1.2. Subsubsection
+   ......................
+   Should be here.
+
+1.9. Section
+------------
+
+.. only:: nonexisting_tag
+
+   Skipped Subsection
+   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+1.9.1. Subsection
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+Should be here.
+
+1.9.1.1. Subsubsection
+......................
+Should be here.
+
+.. only:: not nonexisting_tag
+
+   1.10. Section
+   -------------
+   Should be here.
+
+1.11. Section
+-------------
+
+Text before subsection 11.1.
+
+.. only:: not nonexisting_tag
+
+   More text before subsection 11.1.
+
+   1.11.1. Subsection
+   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+   Should be here.
+
+Text after subsection 11.1.
+
+.. only:: not nonexisting_tag
+
+   1.12. Section
+   -------------
+   Should be here.
+
+   1.12.1. Subsection
+   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+   Should be here.
+
+   1.13. Section
+   -------------
+   Should be here.
+
+.. only:: not nonexisting_tag
+
+   1.14. Section
+   -------------
+   Should be here.
+
+   .. only:: not nonexisting_tag
+
+      1.14.1. Subsection
+      ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+      Should be here.
+
+   1.15. Section
+   -------------
+   Should be here.
+
+.. only:: nonexisting_tag
+
+   Skipped document level heading
+   ==============================
+   Should not be here.
+
+.. only:: not nonexisting_tag
+
+   2. Included document level heading
+   ==================================
+   Should be here.
+
+3. Document level heading
+=========================
+Should be here.
+
+.. only:: nonexisting_tag
+
+   Skipped document level heading
+   ==============================
+   Should not be here.
+
+.. only:: not nonexisting_tag
+
+   4. Another included document level heading
+   ==========================================
+   Should be here.
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-directives-raw/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-directives-raw/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-directives-raw/conf.py
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-directives-raw/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-directives-raw/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..401ab73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-directives-raw/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+test-directives-raw
+===================
+
+HTML
+----
+
+standard
+^^^^^^^^
+
+.. raw:: html
+
+   standalone raw directive (HTML)
+
+with substitution
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+HTML: abc |HTML_RAW| ghi
+
+.. |HTML_RAW| raw:: html
+
+   def
+
+LaTeX
+-----
+
+standard
+^^^^^^^^
+
+.. raw:: latex
+
+   standalone raw directive (LaTeX)
+
+with substitution
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+LaTeX: abc |LATEX_RAW| ghi
+
+.. |LATEX_RAW| raw:: latex
+
+   def
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-docutilsconf/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-docutilsconf/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-docutilsconf/conf.py
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-docutilsconf/docutils.conf b/tests/roots/test-docutilsconf/docutils.conf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-docutilsconf/docutils.conf
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-docutilsconf/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-docutilsconf/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d292e32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-docutilsconf/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+test-docutilsconf
+==================
+
+Sphinx [1]_
+
+.. [1] Python Documentation Generator
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-domain-c-c_maximum_signature_line_length/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-domain-c-c_maximum_signature_line_length/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ba480ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-domain-c-c_maximum_signature_line_length/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+c_maximum_signature_line_length = len("str hello(str name)") - 1
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-domain-c-c_maximum_signature_line_length/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-domain-c-c_maximum_signature_line_length/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..be20940
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-domain-c-c_maximum_signature_line_length/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+domain-c-c_maximum_signature_line_length
+========================================
+
+.. c:function:: str hello(str name)
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-domain-c-intersphinx/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-domain-c-intersphinx/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c176af7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-domain-c-intersphinx/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+exclude_patterns = ['_build']
+extensions = [
+	'sphinx.ext.intersphinx',
+]
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-domain-c-intersphinx/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-domain-c-intersphinx/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5d6d3e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-domain-c-intersphinx/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+.. c:member:: void __member = _member
+
+	- :any:`_member`
+	- :c:member:`_member`
+	- :c:var:`_member`
+	- :c:data:`_member`
+
+.. c:member:: void __var = _var
+
+	- :any:`_var`
+	- :c:member:`_var`
+	- :c:var:`_var`
+	- :c:data:`_var`
+
+.. c:member:: void __function = _function
+
+	- :any:`_function`
+	- :c:func:`_function`
+	- :c:type:`_function`
+
+.. c:member:: void __macro = _macro
+
+	- :any:`_macro`
+	- :c:macro:`_macro`
+
+.. c:type:: _struct __struct
+            struct _struct __structTagged
+
+	- :any:`_struct`
+	- :c:struct:`_struct`
+	- :c:type:`_struct`
+
+.. c:type:: _union __union
+            union _union __unionTagged
+
+	- :any:`_union`
+	- :c:union:`_union`
+	- :c:type:`_union`
+
+.. c:type:: _enum __enum
+            enum _enum __enumTagged
+
+	- :any:`_enum`
+	- :c:enum:`_enum`
+	- :c:type:`_enum`
+
+.. c:member:: void __enumerator = _enumerator
+
+	- :any:`_enumerator`
+	- :c:enumerator:`_enumerator`
+
+.. c:type:: _type __type
+
+	- :any:`_type`
+	- :c:type:`_type`
+
+.. c:member:: void __functionParam = _functionParam.param
+
+	- :any:`_functionParam.param`
+	- :c:member:`_functionParam.param`
+	- :c:var:`_functionParam.param`
+	- :c:data:`_functionParam.param`
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-domain-c/anon-dup-decl.rst b/tests/roots/test-domain-c/anon-dup-decl.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..743ae2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-domain-c/anon-dup-decl.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+.. c:namespace:: anon_dup_decl_ns
+
+.. c:struct:: anon_dup_decl
+
+	.. c:struct:: @a.A
+	.. c:struct:: @b.A
+	.. c:struct:: A
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-domain-c/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-domain-c/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a45d22e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-domain-c/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+exclude_patterns = ['_build']
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-domain-c/field-role.rst b/tests/roots/test-domain-c/field-role.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5452db5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-domain-c/field-role.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+.. c:function:: void f(int a, int *b)
+
+	:param int a:
+	:param int* b:
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-domain-c/function_param_target.rst b/tests/roots/test-domain-c/function_param_target.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d316d7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-domain-c/function_param_target.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+.. c:namespace:: function_param_target
+
+.. c:function:: void f(int i)
+
+	- :c:var:`i`
+
+- :c:var:`f.i`
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-domain-c/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-domain-c/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4febd63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-domain-c/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+.. c:namespace:: index
+
+test-domain-c
+=============
+
+directives
+----------
+
+.. c:function:: int hello(const char *name)
+
+   :rtype: int
+
+.. c:function:: MyStruct hello2(char *name)
+
+   :rtype: MyStruct
+
+.. c:member:: float Sphinx.version
+.. c:var:: int version
+
+.. c:macro::  IS_SPHINX
+.. c:macro::  SPHINX(arg1, arg2)
+
+.. c:struct:: MyStruct
+.. c:union:: MyUnion
+.. c:enum:: MyEnum
+
+   .. c:enumerator:: MyEnumerator
+
+      :c:enumerator:`MyEnumerator`
+
+   :c:enumerator:`MyEnumerator`
+
+:c:enumerator:`MyEnumerator`
+
+.. c:type:: Sphinx
+.. c:type:: int SphinxVersionNum
+
+
+.. c:struct:: A
+
+   .. c:union:: @data
+
+      .. c:member:: int a
+
+- :c:member:`A.@data.a`
+- :c:member:`A.a`
+
+- :c:expr:`unsigned int`
+- :c:texpr:`unsigned int`
+
+.. c:var:: A a
+
+- :c:expr:`a->b`
+- :c:texpr:`a->b`
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-domain-c/namespace.rst b/tests/roots/test-domain-c/namespace.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c220d38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-domain-c/namespace.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+.. c:namespace:: NS
+
+.. c:var:: int NSVar
+
+.. c:namespace:: NULL
+
+.. c:var:: int NULLVar
+
+.. c:namespace:: NSDummy
+
+.. c:namespace:: 0
+
+.. c:var:: int ZeroVar
+
+.. c:namespace-push:: NS2.NS3
+
+.. c:var:: int NS2NS3Var
+
+.. c:namespace-pop::
+
+.. c:var:: int PopVar
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-domain-c/ns_lookup.rst b/tests/roots/test-domain-c/ns_lookup.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..87f9d68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-domain-c/ns_lookup.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+.. c:namespace:: ns_lookup
+
+.. c:var:: int i
+
+.. c:function:: void f(int j)
+
+	- :c:var:`i`
+	- :c:var:`j`
+	- :c:expr:`i`
+	- :c:expr:`j`
+
+- :c:var:`i`
+- :c:expr:`i`
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp-cpp_maximum_signature_line_length/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp-cpp_maximum_signature_line_length/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1eb3a64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp-cpp_maximum_signature_line_length/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+cpp_maximum_signature_line_length = len("str hello(str name)") - 1
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp-cpp_maximum_signature_line_length/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp-cpp_maximum_signature_line_length/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..425908c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp-cpp_maximum_signature_line_length/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+domain-cpp-cpp_maximum_signature_line_length
+============================================
+
+.. cpp:function:: str hello(str name)
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp-intersphinx/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp-intersphinx/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c176af7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp-intersphinx/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+exclude_patterns = ['_build']
+extensions = [
+	'sphinx.ext.intersphinx',
+]
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp-intersphinx/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp-intersphinx/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9ed9493
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp-intersphinx/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+.. cpp:type:: _class __class
+
+	- :any:`_class`
+	- :cpp:any:`_class`
+	- :cpp:class:`_class`
+	- :cpp:struct:`_class`
+	- :cpp:type:`_class`
+
+.. cpp:type:: _struct __struct
+
+	- :any:`_struct`
+	- :cpp:any:`_struct`
+	- :cpp:class:`_struct`
+	- :cpp:struct:`_struct`
+	- :cpp:type:`_struct`
+
+.. cpp:type:: _union __union
+
+	- :any:`_union`
+	- :cpp:any:`_union`
+	- :cpp:union:`_union`
+	- :cpp:type:`_union`
+
+.. cpp:member:: void __function = _function
+
+	- :any:`_function`
+	- :cpp:any:`_function`
+	- :cpp:func:`_function`
+	- :cpp:type:`_function`
+
+.. cpp:member:: void __member = _member
+
+	- :any:`_member`
+	- :cpp:any:`_member`
+	- :cpp:member:`_member`
+	- :cpp:var:`_member`
+
+.. cpp:member:: void __var = _var
+
+	- :any:`_var`
+	- :cpp:any:`_var`
+	- :cpp:member:`_var`
+	- :cpp:var:`_var`
+
+.. cpp:type:: _type __type
+
+	- :any:`_type`
+	- :cpp:any:`_type`
+	- :cpp:type:`_type`
+
+.. cpp:function:: template<_concept T> void __concept()
+
+	- :any:`_concept`
+	- :cpp:any:`_concept`
+	- :cpp:concept:`_concept`
+
+.. cpp:type:: _enum __enum
+
+	- :any:`_enum`
+	- :cpp:any:`_enum`
+	- :cpp:enum:`_enum`
+	- :cpp:type:`_enum`
+
+.. cpp:type:: _enumStruct __enumStruct
+
+	- :any:`_enumStruct`
+	- :cpp:any:`_enumStruct`
+	- :cpp:enum:`_enumStruct`
+	- :cpp:type:`_enumStruct`
+
+.. cpp:type:: _enumClass __enumClass
+
+	- :any:`_enumClass`
+	- :cpp:any:`_enumClass`
+	- :cpp:enum:`_enumClass`
+	- :cpp:type:`_enumClass`
+
+.. cpp:member:: void __enumerator = _enumerator
+
+	- :any:`_enumerator`
+	- :cpp:any:`_enumerator`
+	- :cpp:enumerator:`_enumerator`
+
+.. cpp:member:: void __scopedEnumerator = _enumStruct::_scopedEnumerator
+
+	- :any:`_enumStruct::_scopedEnumerator`
+	- :cpp:any:`_enumStruct::_scopedEnumerator`
+	- :cpp:enumerator:`_enumStruct::_scopedEnumerator`
+
+.. cpp:member:: void __enumerator2 = _enum::_enumerator
+
+	- :any:`_enum::_enumerator`
+	- :cpp:any:`_enum::_enumerator`
+	- :cpp:enumerator:`_enum::_enumerator`
+
+.. cpp:member:: void __functionParam = _functionParam::param
+
+	- :any:`_functionParam::param`
+	- :cpp:any:`_functionParam::param`
+	- :cpp:member:`_functionParam::param`
+	- :cpp:var:`_functionParam::param`
+
+.. cpp:type:: _templateParam::TParam __templateParam
+
+	- :any:`_templateParam::TParam`
+	- :cpp:any:`_templateParam::TParam`
+	- :cpp:type:`_templateParam::TParam`
+	- :cpp:member:`_templateParam::TParam`
+	- :cpp:var:`_templateParam::TParam`
+	- :cpp:class:`_templateParam::TParam`
+	- :cpp:struct:`_templateParam::TParam`
+	- :cpp:union:`_templateParam::TParam`
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp/anon-dup-decl.rst b/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp/anon-dup-decl.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..89a9c95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp/anon-dup-decl.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+.. cpp:namespace:: anon_dup_decl
+.. cpp:class:: @a::A
+.. cpp:class:: @b::A
+.. cpp:class:: A
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp/any-role.rst b/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp/any-role.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..24b415e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp/any-role.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+any role
+--------
+
+* :cpp:any:`Sphinx`
+* :cpp:any:`Sphinx::version`
+* :cpp:any:`version`
+* :cpp:any:`List`
+* :cpp:any:`MyEnum`
+
+* ref function without parens :cpp:any:`paren_1`
+* ref function with parens :cpp:any:`paren_2()`
+* ref function without parens, explicit title :cpp:any:`paren_3_title <paren_3>`
+* ref function with parens, explicit title :cpp:any:`paren_4_title <paren_4()>`
+* ref op call without parens :cpp:any:`paren_5::operator()`
+* ref op call with parens :cpp:any:`paren_6::operator()()`
+* ref op call without parens, explicit title :cpp:any:`paren_7_title <paren_7::operator()>`
+* ref op call with parens, explicit title :cpp:any:`paren_8_title <paren_8::operator()()>`
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp/backslash.rst b/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp/backslash.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c93e68e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp/backslash.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.. cpp:var:: char c = '\\'
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a45d22e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+exclude_patterns = ['_build']
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp/field-role.rst b/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp/field-role.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1711a88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp/field-role.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+.. cpp:function:: void f()
+
+	:throws int:
+	:throws int*:
+	
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2df5ec8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+test-domain-cpp
+===============
+
+directives
+----------
+
+.. cpp:class:: public Sphinx
+
+   The description of Sphinx class.
+
+.. cpp:function:: int hello(char *name)
+
+   The description of hello function.
+
+.. cpp:member:: float Sphinx::version
+
+   The description of Sphinx::version.
+
+.. cpp:var:: int version
+
+   The description of version.
+
+.. cpp:type:: std::vector<int> List
+
+   The description of List type.
+
+.. cpp:enum:: MyEnum
+
+   An unscoped enum.
+
+   .. cpp:enumerator:: A
+
+.. cpp:enum-class:: MyScopedEnum
+
+   A scoped enum.
+
+   .. cpp:enumerator:: B
+
+.. cpp:enum-struct:: protected MyScopedVisibilityEnum : std::underlying_type<MySpecificEnum>::type
+
+   A scoped enum with non-default visibility, and with a specified underlying type.
+
+   .. cpp:enumerator:: B
+
+
+.. cpp:function:: void paren_1(int, float)
+.. cpp:function:: void paren_2(int, float)
+.. cpp:function:: void paren_3(int, float)
+.. cpp:function:: void paren_4(int, float)
+.. cpp:function:: void paren_5::operator()(int)
+.. cpp:function:: void paren_6::operator()(int)
+.. cpp:function:: void paren_7::operator()(int)
+.. cpp:function:: void paren_8::operator()(int)
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp/lookup-key-overload.rst b/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp/lookup-key-overload.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2011e26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp/lookup-key-overload.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+.. default-domain:: cpp
+
+.. namespace:: lookup_key_overload
+
+.. function:: void g(int a)
+.. function:: void g(double b)
+
+   :var:`b`
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp/multi-decl-lookup.rst b/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp/multi-decl-lookup.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9706d18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp/multi-decl-lookup.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+.. default-domain:: cpp
+
+.. namespace:: multi_decl_lookup
+
+.. function:: void f1(int a)
+              void f1(double b)
+
+   - a: :var:`a`
+   - b: :var:`b`
+
+.. function:: template<typename T> void f2(int a)
+              template<typename U> void f2(double b)
+
+   - T: :type:`T`
+   - U: :type:`U`
+
+
+.. class:: template<typename T> A
+           template<typename U> B
+
+   .. function:: void f3()
+
+      - T: :type:`T`
+      - U: :type:`U`
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp/roles-targets-ok.rst b/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp/roles-targets-ok.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..783f7b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp/roles-targets-ok.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+.. default-domain:: cpp
+
+.. namespace:: RolesTargetsOk
+
+.. class:: Class
+
+	:cpp:any:`Class`
+	:class:`Class`
+	:struct:`Class`
+	union
+	func
+	member
+	var
+	:type:`Class`
+	concept
+	enum
+	enumerator
+
+.. union:: Union
+
+	:cpp:any:`Union`
+	class
+	struct
+	:union:`Union`
+	func
+	member
+	var
+	:type:`Union`
+	concept
+	enum
+	enumerator
+
+.. function:: void Function()
+
+	:cpp:any:`Function`
+	class
+	struct
+	union
+	:func:`Function`
+	member
+	var
+	:type:`Function`
+	concept
+	enum
+	enumerator
+
+.. var:: int Variable
+
+	:cpp:any:`Variable`
+	class
+	struct
+	union
+	function
+	:member:`Variable`
+	:var:`Variables`
+	type
+	concept
+	enum
+	enumerator
+
+.. type:: Type = void
+
+	:cpp:any:`Type`
+	class
+	struct
+	union
+	function
+	member
+	var
+	:type:`Type`
+	concept
+	enum
+	enumerator
+
+.. concept:: template<typename T> Concept
+
+	:cpp:any:`Concept`
+	class
+	struct
+	union
+	function
+	member
+	var
+	type
+	:concept:`Concept`
+	enum
+	enumerator
+
+.. enum-struct:: Enum
+
+	:cpp:any:`Enum`
+	class
+	struct
+	union
+	function
+	member
+	var
+	:type:`Enum`
+	concept
+	:enum:`Enum`
+	enumerator
+
+	.. enumerator:: Enumerator
+
+	:cpp:any:`Enumerator`
+	class
+	struct
+	union
+	function
+	member
+	var
+	type
+	concept
+	enum
+	:enumerator:`Enumerator`
+
+.. class:: template<typename TParamType, \
+                    int TParamVar, \
+                    template<typename> typename TParamTemplate \
+                     > ClassTemplate
+
+	:cpp:any:`TParamType`
+	:class:`TParamType`
+	:struct:`TParamType`
+	:union:`TParamType`
+	function
+	:member:`TParamType`
+	:var:`TParamType`
+	:type:`TParamType`
+	concept
+	enum
+	enumerator
+
+	:cpp:any:`TParamVar`
+	:class:`TParamVar`
+	:struct:`TParamVar`
+	:union:`TParamVar`
+	function
+	:member:`TParamVar`
+	:var:`TParamVar`
+	:type:`TParamVar`
+	concept
+	enum
+	enumerator
+
+	:cpp:any:`TParamTemplate`
+	:class:`TParamTemplate`
+	:struct:`TParamTemplate`
+	:union:`TParamTemplate`
+	function
+	:member:`TParamTemplate`
+	:var:`TParamTemplate`
+	:type:`TParamTemplate`
+	concept
+	enum
+	enumerator
+
+.. function:: void FunctionParams(int FunctionParam)
+
+	:cpp:any:`FunctionParam`
+	class
+	struct
+	union
+	function
+	:member:`FunctionParam`
+	:var:`FunctionParam`
+	type
+	concept
+	enum
+	enumerator
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp/roles-targets-warn.rst b/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp/roles-targets-warn.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..57083ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp/roles-targets-warn.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+.. default-domain:: cpp
+
+.. namespace:: RolesTargetsWarn
+
+.. class:: Class
+
+	class
+	struct
+	:union:`Class`
+	:func:`Class`
+	:member:`Class`
+	:var:`Class`
+	type
+	:concept:`Class`
+	:enum:`Class`
+	:enumerator:`Class`
+
+.. union:: Union
+
+	:class:`Union`
+	:struct:`Union`
+	union
+	:func:`Union`
+	:member:`Union`
+	:var:`Union`
+	type
+	:concept:`Union`
+	:enum:`Union`
+	:enumerator:`Union`
+
+.. function:: void Function()
+
+	:class:`Function`
+	:struct:`Function`
+	:union:`Function`
+	func
+	:member:`Function`
+	:var:`Function`
+	type
+	:concept:`Function`
+	:enum:`Function`
+	:enumerator:`Function`
+
+.. var:: int Variable
+
+	:class:`Variable`
+	:struct:`Variable`
+	:union:`Variable`
+	:func:`Variable`
+	member
+	var
+	:type:`Variable`
+	:concept:`Variable`
+	:enum:`Variable`
+	:enumerator:`Variable`
+
+.. type:: Type = void
+
+	:class:`Type`
+	:struct:`Type`
+	:union:`Type`
+	:func:`Type`
+	:member:`Type`
+	:var:`Type`
+	type
+	:concept:`Type`
+	:enum:`Type`
+	:enumerator:`Type`
+
+.. concept:: template<typename T> Concept
+
+	:class:`Concept`
+	:struct:`Concept`
+	:union:`Concept`
+	:func:`Concept`
+	:member:`Concept`
+	:var:`Concept`
+	:type:`Concept`
+	concept
+	:enum:`Concept`
+	:enumerator:`Concept`
+
+.. enum-struct:: Enum
+
+	:class:`Enum`
+	:struct:`Enum`
+	:union:`Enum`
+	:func:`Enum`
+	:member:`Enum`
+	:var:`Enum`
+	type
+	:concept:`Enum`
+	enum
+	:enumerator:`Enum`
+
+	.. enumerator:: Enumerator
+
+	:class:`Enumerator`
+	:struct:`Enumerator`
+	:union:`Enumerator`
+	:func:`Enumerator`
+	:member:`Enumerator`
+	:var:`Enumerator`
+	:type:`Enumerator`
+	:concept:`Enumerator`
+	:enum:`Enumerator`
+	enumerator
+
+.. class:: template<typename TParamType, \
+                    int TParamVar, \
+                    template<typename> typename TParamTemplate \
+                     > ClassTemplate
+
+	class
+	struct
+	union
+	:func:`TParamType`
+	member
+	var
+	type
+	:concept:`TParamType`
+	:enum:`TParamType`
+	:enumerator:`TParamType`
+
+	class
+	struct
+	union
+	:func:`TParamVar`
+	member
+	var
+	type
+	:concept:`TParamVar`
+	:enum:`TParamVar`
+	:enumerator:`TParamVar`
+
+	class
+	struct
+	union
+	:func:`TParamTemplate`
+	member
+	var
+	type
+	:concept:`TParamTemplate`
+	:enum:`TParamTemplate`
+	:enumerator:`TParamTemplate`
+
+.. function:: void FunctionParams(int FunctionParam)
+
+	:class:`FunctionParam`
+	:struct:`FunctionParam`
+	:union:`FunctionParam`
+	:func:`FunctionParam`
+	member
+	var
+	:type:`FunctionParam`
+	:concept:`FunctionParam`
+	:enum:`FunctionParam`
+	:enumerator:`FunctionParam`
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp/roles.rst b/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp/roles.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..afd2ede
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp/roles.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+roles
+-----
+
+* :cpp:class:`Sphinx`
+* :cpp:member:`Sphinx::version`
+* :cpp:var:`version`
+* :cpp:type:`List`
+* :cpp:enum:`MyEnum`
+
+* ref function without parens :cpp:func:`paren_1`
+* ref function with parens :cpp:func:`paren_2()`
+* ref function without parens, explicit title :cpp:func:`paren_3_title <paren_3>`
+* ref function with parens, explicit title :cpp:func:`paren_4_title <paren_4()>`
+* ref op call without parens :cpp:func:`paren_5::operator()`
+* ref op call with parens :cpp:func:`paren_6::operator()()`
+* ref op call without parens, explicit title :cpp:func:`paren_7_title <paren_7::operator()>`
+* ref op call with parens, explicit title :cpp:func:`paren_8_title <paren_8::operator()()>`
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp/roles2.rst b/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp/roles2.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..644b827
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp/roles2.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Check that we don't crash just because we misuse a role.
+
+.. cpp:class:: A
+
+:cpp:func:`A`
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp/semicolon.rst b/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp/semicolon.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e6b370e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp/semicolon.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+.. cpp:class:: Class;
+.. cpp:struct:: Struct;
+.. cpp:union:: Union;
+.. cpp:function:: void f();
+.. cpp:member:: int member;
+.. cpp:var:: int var;
+.. cpp:type:: Type;
+.. cpp:type:: int TypeDef;
+.. cpp:type:: Alias = int;
+.. cpp:concept:: template<typename T> Concept;
+.. cpp:enum:: Enum;
+.. cpp:enum-struct:: EnumStruct;
+.. cpp:enum-class:: EnumClass;
+.. cpp:enumerator:: Enumerator;
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp/warn-template-param-qualified-name.rst b/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp/warn-template-param-qualified-name.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..49a650d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp/warn-template-param-qualified-name.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+.. default-domain:: cpp
+
+.. class:: template<typename T> A
+
+   .. type:: N1 = T::typeOk
+
+   - Not ok, warn: :type:`T::typeWarn`
+
+   .. type:: N2 = T::U::typeOk
+
+   - Not ok, warn: :type:`T::U::typeWarn`
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp/xref_consistency.rst b/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp/xref_consistency.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cb33000
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-domain-cpp/xref_consistency.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+xref consistency
+----------------
+
+.. cpp:namespace:: xref_consistency
+
+.. cpp:class:: item
+
+code-role:      :code:`item`
+any-role:       :any:`item`
+cpp-any-role:   :cpp:any:`item`
+cpp-expr-role:  :cpp:expr:`item`
+cpp-texpr-role: :cpp:texpr:`item`
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-domain-js-javascript_maximum_signature_line_length/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-domain-js-javascript_maximum_signature_line_length/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d7c9331
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-domain-js-javascript_maximum_signature_line_length/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+javascript_maximum_signature_line_length = 1
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-domain-js-javascript_maximum_signature_line_length/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-domain-js-javascript_maximum_signature_line_length/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b79fc1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-domain-js-javascript_maximum_signature_line_length/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+domain-js-maximum_signature_line_length
+=======================================
+
+.. js:function:: hello(name)
+
+.. js:function:: foo([a, [b, ]]c, d[, e, f])
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-domain-js/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-domain-js/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a45d22e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-domain-js/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+exclude_patterns = ['_build']
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-domain-js/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-domain-js/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fb6b8c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-domain-js/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+test-domain-js
+==============
+
+.. toctree::
+
+    roles
+    module
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-domain-js/module.rst b/tests/roots/test-domain-js/module.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1fe6a21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-domain-js/module.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+module
+=======
+
+.. js:module:: module_a.submodule
+
+* Link to :js:class:`ModTopLevel`
+
+.. js:class:: ModTopLevel
+
+    * Link to :js:meth:`mod_child_1`
+    * Link to :js:meth:`ModTopLevel.mod_child_1`
+
+.. js:method:: ModTopLevel.mod_child_1
+
+    * Link to :js:meth:`mod_child_2`
+
+.. js:method:: ModTopLevel.mod_child_2
+
+    * Link to :js:meth:`module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel.mod_child_1`
+
+.. js:module:: module_b.submodule
+
+* Link to :js:class:`ModTopLevel`
+
+.. js:class:: ModTopLevel
+
+    * Link to :js:mod:`module_a.submodule`
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-domain-js/roles.rst b/tests/roots/test-domain-js/roles.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4b6acf1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-domain-js/roles.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+roles
+=====
+
+.. js:class:: TopLevel
+
+.. js:function:: top_level
+
+* :js:class:`TopLevel`
+* :js:func:`top_level`
+
+
+.. js:class:: NestedParentA
+
+    * Link to :js:func:`child_1`
+
+    .. js:function:: child_1()
+
+        * Link to :js:func:`NestedChildA.subchild_2`
+        * Link to :js:func:`child_2`
+        * Link to :any:`any_child`
+
+    .. js:function:: any_child()
+
+        * Link to :js:class:`NestedChildA`
+
+    .. js:class:: NestedChildA
+
+        .. js:function:: subchild_1()
+
+            * Link to :js:func:`subchild_2`
+
+        .. js:function:: subchild_2()
+
+            Link to :js:func:`NestedParentA.child_1`
+
+    .. js:function:: child_2()
+
+        Link to :js:func:`NestedChildA.subchild_1`
+
+.. js:class:: NestedParentB
+
+    * Link to :js:func:`child_1`
+
+    .. js:function:: child_1()
+
+        * Link to :js:class:`NestedParentB`
+
+* :js:class:`NestedParentA.NestedChildA`
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-domain-py-python_maximum_signature_line_length/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-domain-py-python_maximum_signature_line_length/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..45f620d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-domain-py-python_maximum_signature_line_length/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+python_maximum_signature_line_length = 1
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-domain-py-python_maximum_signature_line_length/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-domain-py-python_maximum_signature_line_length/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..75e4683
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-domain-py-python_maximum_signature_line_length/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+domain-py-maximum_signature_line_length
+=======================================
+
+.. py:function:: hello(name: str) -> str
+
+.. py:function:: foo([a, [b, ]]c, d[, e, f])
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-domain-py-python_use_unqualified_type_names/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-domain-py-python_use_unqualified_type_names/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c81bfe4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-domain-py-python_use_unqualified_type_names/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+python_use_unqualified_type_names = True
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-domain-py-python_use_unqualified_type_names/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-domain-py-python_use_unqualified_type_names/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a6850a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-domain-py-python_use_unqualified_type_names/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+domain-py-smart_reference
+=========================
+
+.. py:class:: Name
+   :module: foo
+
+   :param name: blah blah
+   :type name: foo.Name
+   :param age: blah blah
+   :type age: foo.Age
+
+.. py:function:: hello(name: foo.Name, age: foo.Age)
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-domain-py-xref-warning/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-domain-py-xref-warning/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-domain-py-xref-warning/conf.py
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-domain-py-xref-warning/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-domain-py-xref-warning/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f2cab7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-domain-py-xref-warning/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+test-domain-py-xref-warning
+===========================
+
+.. _existing-label:
+
+:ref:`no-label`
+:ref:`existing-label`
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-domain-py/abbr.rst b/tests/roots/test-domain-py/abbr.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..67f1157
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-domain-py/abbr.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+abbrev
+======
+
+.. currentmodule:: module_a.submodule
+
+* normal: :py:meth:`module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel.mod_child_1`
+* relative: :py:meth:`.ModTopLevel.mod_child_1`
+* short name: :py:meth:`~module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel.mod_child_1`
+* relative + short name: :py:meth:`~.ModTopLevel.mod_child_1`
+* short name + relative: :py:meth:`~.ModTopLevel.mod_child_1`
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-domain-py/canonical.rst b/tests/roots/test-domain-py/canonical.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..34becfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-domain-py/canonical.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+caninical
+=========
+
+:py:class:`.Foo`
+:any:`Foo`
+:any:`module.Foo`
+:any:`original.module.Foo`
+
+.. py:module:: canonical
+
+.. py:class:: Foo
+   :canonical: original.module.Foo
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-domain-py/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-domain-py/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a45d22e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-domain-py/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+exclude_patterns = ['_build']
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-domain-py/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-domain-py/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b24bbea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-domain-py/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+test-domain-py
+==============
+
+.. toctree::
+
+    roles
+    module
+    module_option
+    abbr
+    canonical
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-domain-py/module.rst b/tests/roots/test-domain-py/module.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a28068
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-domain-py/module.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+module
+======
+
+.. py:module:: module_a.submodule
+
+* Link to :py:class:`ModTopLevel`
+
+.. py:class:: ModTopLevel
+
+    * Link to :py:meth:`mod_child_1`
+    * Link to :py:meth:`ModTopLevel.mod_child_1`
+
+.. py:method:: ModTopLevel.mod_child_1
+
+    * Link to :py:meth:`mod_child_2`
+
+.. py:method:: ModTopLevel.mod_child_2
+
+    * Link to :py:meth:`module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel.mod_child_1`
+
+.. py:property:: ModTopLevel.prop
+
+   * Link to :py:attr:`prop attribute <.prop>`
+   * Link to :py:meth:`prop method <.prop>`
+
+.. py:currentmodule:: None
+
+.. py:class:: ModNoModule
+
+.. py:module:: module_b.submodule
+
+* Link to :py:class:`ModTopLevel`
+
+.. py:class:: ModTopLevel
+
+    * Link to :py:class:`ModNoModule`
+
+.. py:function:: foo(x, y)
+
+   :param x: param x
+   :type  x: int
+   :param y: param y
+   :type  y: tuple(str, float)
+   :rtype:   list
+
+.. py:attribute:: attr1
+
+   :type: ModTopLevel
+
+.. py:attribute:: attr2
+
+   :type: :doc:`index`
+
+.. py:module:: exceptions
+
+.. py:exception:: Exception
+
+.. py:module:: object
+
+.. py:function:: sum()
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-domain-py/module_option.rst b/tests/roots/test-domain-py/module_option.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1dec2ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-domain-py/module_option.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+module_option
+=============
+
+.. py:class:: B
+   :module: test.extra
+
+   This is also a test.
+
+
+   .. py:method:: B.baz()
+      :module: test.extra
+
+      Does something similar to :meth:`foo`.
+
+
+   .. py:method:: B.foo()
+      :module: test.extra
+
+      Does something.
+
+
+   .. py:method:: B.test()
+      :module: test.extra
+
+      Does something completely unrelated to :meth:`foo`
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-domain-py/roles.rst b/tests/roots/test-domain-py/roles.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6bff2d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-domain-py/roles.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+roles
+=====
+
+.. py:class:: TopLevel
+
+.. py:method:: top_level
+
+* :py:class:`TopLevel`
+* :py:meth:`top_level`
+
+
+.. py:class:: NestedParentA
+
+    * Link to :py:meth:`child_1`
+
+    .. py:method:: child_1()
+
+        * Link to :py:meth:`NestedChildA.subchild_2`
+        * Link to :py:meth:`child_2`
+        * Link to :any:`any_child`
+
+    .. py:method:: any_child()
+
+        * Link to :py:class:`NestedChildA`
+
+    .. py:class:: NestedChildA
+
+        .. py:method:: subchild_1()
+
+            * Link to :py:meth:`subchild_2`
+
+        .. py:method:: subchild_2()
+
+            Link to :py:meth:`NestedParentA.child_1`
+
+    .. py:method:: child_2()
+
+        Link to :py:meth:`NestedChildA.subchild_1`
+
+.. py:class:: NestedParentB
+
+    * Link to :py:meth:`child_1`
+
+    .. py:method:: child_1()
+
+        * Link to :py:class:`NestedParentB`
+
+* :py:class:`NestedParentA.NestedChildA`
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-double-inheriting-theme/base_themes_dir/base_theme1/theme.conf b/tests/roots/test-double-inheriting-theme/base_themes_dir/base_theme1/theme.conf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..89e03bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-double-inheriting-theme/base_themes_dir/base_theme1/theme.conf
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+[theme]
+inherit = basic
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-double-inheriting-theme/base_themes_dir/base_theme2/theme.conf b/tests/roots/test-double-inheriting-theme/base_themes_dir/base_theme2/theme.conf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a68c018
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-double-inheriting-theme/base_themes_dir/base_theme2/theme.conf
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+[theme]
+inherit = base_theme1
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-double-inheriting-theme/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-double-inheriting-theme/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3667b02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-double-inheriting-theme/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+templates_path = ['_templates']
+html_theme = 'base_theme2'
+html_theme_path = ['base_themes_dir']
+exclude_patterns = ['_build']
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-double-inheriting-theme/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-double-inheriting-theme/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e67f7ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-double-inheriting-theme/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+============================
+Test double inheriting theme
+============================
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-environment-record-dependencies/api.rst b/tests/roots/test-environment-record-dependencies/api.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..acfb896
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-environment-record-dependencies/api.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+API
+===
+
+.. automodule:: example_module
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-environment-record-dependencies/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-environment-record-dependencies/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..107480e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-environment-record-dependencies/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+import os
+import sys
+
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('.'))
+extensions = ['sphinx.ext.autodoc']
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-environment-record-dependencies/example_module.py b/tests/roots/test-environment-record-dependencies/example_module.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d12dc74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-environment-record-dependencies/example_module.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+def example_function():
+    return 42
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-environment-record-dependencies/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-environment-record-dependencies/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..21d88a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-environment-record-dependencies/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+.. toctree::
+
+    api
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-epub-anchor-id/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-epub-anchor-id/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2a56f1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-epub-anchor-id/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+def setup(app):
+    app.add_crossref_type(directivename="setting", rolename="setting")
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-epub-anchor-id/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-epub-anchor-id/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..75e3c60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-epub-anchor-id/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+test-epub-anchor-id
+===================
+
+.. setting:: STATICFILES_FINDERS
+
+blah blah blah
+
+.. setting:: STATICFILES_SECTION
+
+blah blah blah
+==============
+
+see :setting:`STATICFILES_FINDERS`
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/autodoc_dummy_bar.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/autodoc_dummy_bar.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3b5bbfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/autodoc_dummy_bar.py
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+from bug2437.autodoc_dummy_foo import Foo
+
+
+class Bar:
+    """Dummy class Bar with alias."""
+    my_name = Foo
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/autodoc_dummy_module.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/autodoc_dummy_module.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c05d96e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/autodoc_dummy_module.py
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+from dummy import *
+
+
+def test():
+    """Dummy function using dummy.*"""
+    dummy_function()
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/bug2437/__init__.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/bug2437/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/bug2437/__init__.py
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/bug2437/autodoc_dummy_foo.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/bug2437/autodoc_dummy_foo.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9c954d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/bug2437/autodoc_dummy_foo.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+class Foo:
+    """Dummy class Foo."""
+    pass
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/circular_import/__init__.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/circular_import/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..402678d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/circular_import/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+from circular_import.c import SomeClass
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/circular_import/a.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/circular_import/a.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..97ad9d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/circular_import/a.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+X = 42
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/circular_import/b.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/circular_import/b.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c9b8ad5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/circular_import/b.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+import typing
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from circular_import import SomeClass
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/circular_import/c.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/circular_import/c.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0a8829e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/circular_import/c.py
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+import circular_import.a
+import circular_import.b
+
+
+class SomeClass:
+    X = circular_import.a.X
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..979a709
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import os
+import sys
+
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('.'))
+
+extensions = ['sphinx.ext.autodoc']
+
+# The suffix of source filenames.
+source_suffix = '.rst'
+
+autodoc_mock_imports = [
+    'dummy'
+]
+
+nitpicky = True
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb10829
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+
+.. automodule:: autodoc_dummy_module
+   :members:
+
+.. automodule:: bug2437.autodoc_dummy_foo
+   :members:
+
+.. automodule:: autodoc_dummy_bar
+   :members:
+
+.. autofunction:: target.typehints.incr
+
+.. autofunction:: target.overload.sum
+
+.. autofunction:: target.typehints.tuple_args
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/TYPE_CHECKING.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/TYPE_CHECKING.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..85aea3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/TYPE_CHECKING.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from gettext import NullTranslations
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Iterable
+    from io import StringIO
+
+
+class Foo:
+    attr1: StringIO
+
+
+def spam(ham: Iterable[str]) -> tuple[NullTranslations, bool]:
+    pass
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/__init__.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d7ee4ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+import enum
+from io import StringIO
+
+from ._functions_to_import import function_to_be_imported
+
+__all__ = ['Class']
+
+#: documentation for the integer
+integer = 1
+
+
+def raises(exc, func, *args, **kwds):
+    """Raise AssertionError if ``func(*args, **kwds)`` does not raise *exc*."""
+    pass
+
+
+class CustomEx(Exception):
+    """My custom exception."""
+
+    def f(self):
+        """Exception method."""
+
+
+def _funky_classmethod(name, b, c, d, docstring=None):
+    """Generates a classmethod for a class from a template by filling out
+    some arguments."""
+    def template(cls, a, b, c, d=4, e=5, f=6):
+        return a, b, c, d, e, f
+    from functools import partial
+    function = partial(template, b=b, c=c, d=d)
+    function.__name__ = name
+    function.__doc__ = docstring
+    return classmethod(function)
+
+
+class Class:
+    """Class to document."""
+
+    def meth(self):
+        """Function."""
+
+    def undocmeth(self):
+        pass
+
+    def skipmeth(self):
+        """Method that should be skipped."""
+
+    def excludemeth(self):
+        """Method that should be excluded."""
+
+    # should not be documented
+    skipattr = 'foo'
+
+    #: should be documented -- süß
+    attr = 'bar'
+
+    docattr = 'baz'
+    """should likewise be documented -- süß"""
+
+    udocattr = 'quux'
+    """should be documented as well - süß"""
+
+    # initialized to any class imported from another module
+    mdocattr = StringIO()
+    """should be documented as well - süß"""
+
+    roger = _funky_classmethod("roger", 2, 3, 4)
+
+    moore = _funky_classmethod("moore", 9, 8, 7,
+                               docstring="moore(a, e, f) -> happiness")
+
+    def __init__(self, arg):
+        self.inst_attr_inline = None  #: an inline documented instance attr
+        #: a documented instance attribute
+        self.inst_attr_comment = None
+        self.inst_attr_string = None
+        """a documented instance attribute"""
+        self._private_inst_attr = None  #: a private instance attribute
+
+    def __special1__(self):
+        """documented special method"""
+
+    def __special2__(self):
+        # undocumented special method
+        pass
+
+
+class CustomDict(dict):
+    """Docstring."""
+
+
+def function(foo, *args, **kwds):
+    """
+    Return spam.
+    """
+    pass
+
+
+class Outer:
+    """Foo"""
+
+    class Inner:
+        """Foo"""
+
+        def meth(self):
+            """Foo"""
+
+    # should be documented as an alias
+    factory = dict
+
+
+class InnerChild(Outer.Inner):
+    """InnerChild docstring"""
+
+
+class DocstringSig:
+    def __new__(cls, *new_args, **new_kwargs):
+        """__new__(cls, d, e=1) -> DocstringSig
+First line of docstring
+
+        rest of docstring
+        """
+
+    def __init__(self, *init_args, **init_kwargs):
+        """__init__(self, a, b=1) -> None
+First line of docstring
+
+        rest of docstring
+        """
+
+    def meth(self):
+        """meth(FOO, BAR=1) -> BAZ
+First line of docstring
+
+        rest of docstring
+        """
+
+    def meth2(self):
+        """First line, no signature
+        Second line followed by indentation::
+
+            indented line
+        """
+
+    @property
+    def prop1(self):
+        """DocstringSig.prop1(self)
+        First line of docstring
+        """
+        return 123
+
+    @property
+    def prop2(self):
+        """First line of docstring
+        Second line of docstring
+        """
+        return 456
+
+
+class StrRepr(str):
+    """docstring"""
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return self
+
+
+class AttCls:
+    a1 = StrRepr('hello\nworld')
+    a2 = None
+
+
+class InstAttCls:
+    """Class with documented class and instance attributes."""
+
+    #: Doc comment for class attribute InstAttCls.ca1.
+    #: It can have multiple lines.
+    ca1 = 'a'
+
+    ca2 = 'b'    #: Doc comment for InstAttCls.ca2. One line only.
+
+    ca3 = 'c'
+    """Docstring for class attribute InstAttCls.ca3."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        #: Doc comment for instance attribute InstAttCls.ia1
+        self.ia1 = 'd'
+
+        self.ia2 = 'e'
+        """Docstring for instance attribute InstAttCls.ia2."""
+
+
+class CustomIter:
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Create a new `CustomIter`."""
+        self.values = range(10)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        """Iterate squares of each value."""
+        for i in self.values:
+            yield i ** 2
+
+    def snafucate(self):
+        """Makes this snafucated."""
+        print("snafucated")
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/_functions_to_import.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/_functions_to_import.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7663e97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/_functions_to_import.py
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from sphinx.application import Sphinx
+
+
+def function_to_be_imported(app: Optional["Sphinx"]) -> str:
+    """docstring"""
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/abstractmethods.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/abstractmethods.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a4396d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/abstractmethods.py
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+from abc import abstractmethod
+
+
+class Base():
+    def meth(self):
+        pass
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def abstractmeth(self):
+        pass
+
+    @staticmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def staticmeth():
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def classmeth(cls):
+        pass
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def prop(self):
+        pass
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    async def coroutinemeth(self):
+        pass
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/annotated.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/annotated.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5b87518
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/annotated.py
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import Annotated
+
+
+def hello(name: Annotated[str, "attribute"]) -> None:
+    """docstring"""
+    pass
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/autoclass_content.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/autoclass_content.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..52b9806
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/autoclass_content.py
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+class A:
+    """A class having no __init__, no __new__"""
+
+
+class B:
+    """A class having __init__(no docstring), no __new__"""
+    def __init__(self):
+        pass
+
+
+class C:
+    """A class having __init__, no __new__"""
+    def __init__(self):
+        """__init__ docstring"""
+
+
+class D:
+    """A class having no __init__, __new__(no docstring)"""
+    def __new__(cls):
+        pass
+
+
+class E:
+    """A class having no __init__, __new__"""
+    def __new__(cls):
+        """__new__ docstring"""
+
+
+class F:
+    """A class having both __init__ and __new__"""
+    def __init__(self):
+        """__init__ docstring"""
+
+    def __new__(cls):
+        """__new__ docstring"""
+
+
+class G(C):
+    """A class inherits __init__ without docstring."""
+    def __init__(self):
+        pass
+
+
+class H(E):
+    """A class inherits __new__ without docstring."""
+    def __init__(self):
+        pass
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/autodoc_type_aliases.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/autodoc_type_aliases.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2c07a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/autodoc_type_aliases.py
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import io
+from typing import Optional, overload
+
+myint = int
+
+#: docstring
+variable: myint
+
+#: docstring
+variable2 = None  # type: myint
+
+#: docstring
+variable3: Optional[myint]
+
+
+def read(r: io.BytesIO) -> io.StringIO:
+    """docstring"""
+
+
+def sum(x: myint, y: myint) -> myint:
+    """docstring"""
+    return x + y
+
+
+@overload
+def mult(x: myint, y: myint) -> myint:
+    ...
+
+
+@overload
+def mult(x: float, y: float) -> float:
+    ...
+
+
+def mult(x, y):
+    """docstring"""
+    return x, y
+
+
+class Foo:
+    """docstring"""
+
+    #: docstring
+    attr1: myint
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.attr2: myint = None  #: docstring
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/bound_method.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/bound_method.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d48b9ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/bound_method.py
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+class Cls:
+    def method(self):
+        """Method docstring"""
+        pass
+
+
+bound_method = Cls().method
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/cached_property.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/cached_property.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..712d1d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/cached_property.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+from functools import cached_property
+
+
+class Foo:
+    @cached_property
+    def prop(self) -> int:
+        return 1
+
+    @cached_property
+    def prop_with_type_comment(self):
+        # type: () -> int
+        return 1
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/callable.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/callable.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6fcd505
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/callable.py
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+class Callable():
+    """A callable object that behaves like a function."""
+
+    def __call__(self, arg1, arg2, **kwargs):
+        pass
+
+    def method(self, arg1, arg2):
+        """docstring of Callable.method()."""
+        pass
+
+
+function = Callable()
+method = function.method
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/canonical/__init__.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/canonical/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4ca2b33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/canonical/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+from target.canonical.original import Bar, Foo
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/canonical/original.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/canonical/original.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..42049b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/canonical/original.py
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+class Foo:
+    """docstring"""
+
+    def meth(self):
+        """docstring"""
+
+
+def bar():
+    class Bar:
+        """docstring"""
+
+    return Bar
+
+
+Bar = bar()
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/classes.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/classes.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e5cce7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/classes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from inspect import Parameter, Signature
+from typing import List, Union
+
+
+class Foo:
+    pass
+
+
+class Bar:
+    def __init__(self, x, y):
+        pass
+
+
+class Baz:
+    def __new__(cls, x, y):
+        pass
+
+
+class Qux:
+    __signature__ = Signature(parameters=[Parameter('foo', Parameter.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD),
+                                          Parameter('bar', Parameter.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD)])
+
+    def __init__(self, x, y):
+        pass
+
+
+class Quux(List[Union[int, float]]):
+    """A subclass of List[Union[int, float]]"""
+    pass
+
+
+class Corge(Quux):
+    pass
+
+
+Alias = Foo
+
+#: docstring
+OtherAlias = Bar
+
+#: docstring
+IntAlias = int
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/coroutine.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/coroutine.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f977b6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/coroutine.py
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+import asyncio
+from functools import wraps
+
+
+class AsyncClass:
+    async def do_coroutine(self):
+        """A documented coroutine function"""
+        attr_coro_result = await _other_coro_func()
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def do_coroutine2(cls):
+        """A documented coroutine classmethod"""
+        pass
+
+    @staticmethod
+    async def do_coroutine3():
+        """A documented coroutine staticmethod"""
+        pass
+
+    async def do_asyncgen(self):
+        """A documented async generator"""
+        yield
+
+
+async def _other_coro_func():
+    return "run"
+
+
+def myawait(f):
+    @wraps(f)
+    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+        awaitable = f(*args, **kwargs)
+        return asyncio.run(awaitable)
+    return wrapper
+
+
+sync_func = myawait(_other_coro_func)
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/cython.pyx b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/cython.pyx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5d0329a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/cython.pyx
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# cython: binding=True
+# cython: language_level=3str
+
+def foo(x: int, *args, y: str, **kwargs):
+    """Docstring."""
+
+
+class Class:
+    """Docstring."""
+
+    def meth(self, name: str, age: int = 0) -> None:
+        """Docstring."""
+        pass
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/decorator.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/decorator.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..faad3ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/decorator.py
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+from functools import wraps
+
+
+def deco1(func):
+    """docstring for deco1"""
+    @wraps(func)
+    def wrapper():
+        return func()
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+def deco2(condition, message):
+    """docstring for deco2"""
+    def decorator(func):
+        def wrapper():
+            return func()
+
+        return wrapper
+    return decorator
+
+
+@deco1
+def foo(name=None, age=None):
+    pass
+
+
+class Bar:
+    @deco1
+    def meth(self, name=None, age=None):
+        pass
+
+
+class Baz:
+    @deco1
+    def __init__(self, name=None, age=None):
+        pass
+
+
+class Qux:
+    @deco1
+    def __new__(self, name=None, age=None):
+        pass
+
+
+class _Metaclass(type):
+    @deco1
+    def __call__(self, name=None, age=None):
+        pass
+
+
+class Quux(metaclass=_Metaclass):
+    pass
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/descriptor.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/descriptor.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2857c99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/descriptor.py
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+class CustomDataDescriptor:
+    """Descriptor class docstring."""
+
+    def __init__(self, doc):
+        self.__doc__ = doc
+
+    def __get__(self, obj, type=None):
+        if obj is None:
+            return self
+        return 42
+
+    def meth(self):
+        """Function."""
+        return "The Answer"
+
+
+class CustomDataDescriptorMeta(type):
+    """Descriptor metaclass docstring."""
+
+
+class CustomDataDescriptor2(CustomDataDescriptor):
+    """Descriptor class with custom metaclass docstring."""
+    __metaclass__ = CustomDataDescriptorMeta
+
+
+class Class:
+    descr = CustomDataDescriptor("Descriptor instance docstring.")
+
+    @property
+    def prop(self):
+        """Property."""
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/docstring_signature.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/docstring_signature.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..981d936
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/docstring_signature.py
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+class A:
+    """A(foo, bar)"""
+
+
+class B:
+    """B(foo, bar)"""
+    def __init__(self):
+        """B(foo, bar, baz)"""
+
+
+class C:
+    """C(foo, bar)"""
+    def __new__(cls):
+        """C(foo, bar, baz)"""
+
+
+class D:
+    def __init__(self):
+        """D(foo, bar, baz)"""
+
+
+class E:
+    def __init__(self):
+        """E(foo: int, bar: int, baz: int) -> None \\
+        E(foo: str, bar: str, baz: str) -> None \\
+        E(foo: float, bar: float, baz: float)"""
+
+
+class F:
+    def __init__(self):
+        """F(foo: int, bar: int, baz: int) -> None
+        F(foo: str, bar: str, baz: str) -> None
+        F(foo: float, bar: float, baz: float)"""
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/empty_all.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/empty_all.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c094cff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/empty_all.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+"""
+docsting of empty_all module.
+"""
+__all__ = []
+
+
+def foo():
+    """docstring"""
+
+
+def bar():
+    """docstring"""
+
+
+def baz():
+    """docstring"""
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/enums.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/enums.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c69455f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/enums.py
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+import enum
+
+
+class EnumCls(enum.Enum):
+    """
+    this is enum class
+    """
+
+    #: doc for val1
+    val1 = 12
+    val2 = 23  #: doc for val2
+    val3 = 34
+    """doc for val3"""
+    val4 = 34
+
+    def say_hello(self):
+        """a method says hello to you."""
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    def say_goodbye(cls):
+        """a classmethod says good-bye to you."""
+        pass
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/final.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/final.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a8c3860
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/final.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing
+from typing import final
+
+
+@typing.final
+class Class:
+    """docstring"""
+
+    @final
+    def meth1(self):
+        """docstring"""
+
+    def meth2(self):
+        """docstring"""
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/functions.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/functions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b62aa70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/functions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+from functools import partial
+
+
+def func():
+    pass
+
+
+async def coroutinefunc():
+    pass
+
+
+async def asyncgenerator():
+    yield
+
+partial_func = partial(func)
+partial_coroutinefunc = partial(coroutinefunc)
+
+builtin_func = print
+partial_builtin_func = partial(print)
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/generic_class.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/generic_class.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1ec8058
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/generic_class.py
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import Generic, TypeVar
+
+T = TypeVar('T')
+
+
+# Test that typing.Generic's __new__ method does not mask our class'
+# __init__ signature.
+class A(Generic[T]):
+    """docstring for A"""
+    def __init__(self, a, b=None):
+        pass
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/genericalias.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/genericalias.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..06026fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/genericalias.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import Callable, List
+
+#: A list of int
+T = List[int]
+
+C = Callable[[int], None]  # a generic alias not having a doccomment
+
+
+class Class:
+    #: A list of int
+    T = List[int]
+
+#: A list of Class
+L = List[Class]
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/hide_value.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/hide_value.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1d53aab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/hide_value.py
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#: docstring
+#:
+#: :meta hide-value:
+SENTINEL1 = object()
+
+#: :meta hide-value:
+SENTINEL2 = object()
+
+
+class Foo:
+    """docstring"""
+
+    #: docstring
+    #:
+    #: :meta hide-value:
+    SENTINEL1 = object()
+
+    #: :meta hide-value:
+    SENTINEL2 = object()
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/imported_members.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/imported_members.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ee6e5b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/imported_members.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+from .partialfunction import func2, func3
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/inheritance.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/inheritance.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e06f7a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/inheritance.py
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+class Base:
+    #: docstring
+    inheritedattr = None
+
+    def inheritedmeth(self):
+        """Inherited function."""
+
+    @classmethod
+    def inheritedclassmeth(cls):
+        """Inherited class method."""
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def inheritedstaticmeth(cls):
+        """Inherited static method."""
+
+
+class Derived(Base):
+    def inheritedmeth(self):
+        # no docstring here
+        pass
+
+
+class MyList(list):
+    def meth(self):
+        """docstring"""
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/instance_variable.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/instance_variable.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1d393bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/instance_variable.py
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+class Foo:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.attr1 = None  #: docstring foo
+        self.attr2 = None  #: docstring foo
+
+
+class Bar(Foo):
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.attr2 = None  #: docstring bar
+        self.attr3 = None  #: docstring bar
+        self.attr4 = None
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/literal.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/literal.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4340e51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/literal.py
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from enum import Enum
+from typing import Literal, TypeVar
+
+
+class MyEnum(Enum):
+    a = 1
+
+
+T = TypeVar('T', bound=Literal[1234])
+"""docstring"""
+
+
+U = TypeVar('U', bound=Literal[MyEnum.a])
+"""docstring"""
+
+
+def bar(x: Literal[1234]):
+    """docstring"""
+
+
+def foo(x: Literal[MyEnum.a]):
+    """docstring"""
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/metadata.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/metadata.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a4488f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/metadata.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+def foo():
+    """:meta metadata-only-docstring:"""
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/methods.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/methods.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad5a6a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/methods.py
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+from functools import partialmethod
+
+
+class Base():
+    def meth(self):
+        pass
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def staticmeth():
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    def classmeth(cls):
+        pass
+
+    @property
+    def prop(self):
+        pass
+
+    partialmeth = partialmethod(meth)
+
+    async def coroutinemeth(self):
+        pass
+
+    partial_coroutinemeth = partialmethod(coroutinemeth)
+
+
+class Inherited(Base):
+    pass
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/module.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/module.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fe3b490
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/module.py
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+undocumented = 1
+
+#: docstring
+documented = 1
+
+undoc_annotated: int
+
+#: docstring
+annotated: int
+
+__special__ = 1
+
+#: docstring
+__documented_special__ = 1
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/name_conflict/__init__.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/name_conflict/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0a6f496
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/name_conflict/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+from .foo import bar
+
+
+class foo:
+    """docstring of target.name_conflict::foo."""
+    pass
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/name_conflict/foo.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/name_conflict/foo.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bb83ca0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/name_conflict/foo.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+class bar:
+    """docstring of target.name_conflict.foo::bar."""
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/name_mangling.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/name_mangling.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..269b51d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/name_mangling.py
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+class Foo:
+    #: name of Foo
+    __name = None
+    __age = None
+
+
+class Bar(Foo):
+    __address = None
+
+    #: a member having mangled-like name
+    _Baz__email = None
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/need_mocks.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/need_mocks.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..881220b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/need_mocks.py
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+import missing_module
+import missing_package1.missing_module1
+from missing_module import missing_name
+from missing_package2 import missing_module2
+from missing_package3.missing_module3 import missing_name
+
+import sphinx.missing_module4
+from sphinx.missing_module4 import missing_name2
+
+
+@missing_name(int)
+def decoratedFunction():
+    """decoratedFunction docstring"""
+    return None
+
+
+def func(arg: missing_module.Class):
+    """a function takes mocked object as an argument"""
+    pass
+
+
+class TestAutodoc:
+    """TestAutodoc docstring."""
+
+    #: docstring
+    Alias = missing_module2.Class
+
+    @missing_name
+    def decoratedMethod(self):
+        """TestAutodoc::decoratedMethod docstring"""
+        return None
+
+
+class Inherited(missing_module.Class):
+    """docstring"""
+    pass
+
+
+sphinx.missing_module4.missing_function(len(missing_name2))
+
+#: docstring
+Alias = missing_module2.Class
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/overload.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/overload.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4bcb6ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/overload.py
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import Any, overload
+
+
+@overload
+def sum(x: int, y: int = 0) -> int:
+    ...
+
+
+@overload
+def sum(x: float, y: float = 0.0) -> float:
+    ...
+
+
+@overload
+def sum(x: str, y: str = ...) -> str:
+    ...
+
+
+def sum(x, y=None):
+    """docstring"""
+    return x + y
+
+
+class Math:
+    """docstring"""
+
+    @overload
+    def sum(self, x: int, y: int = 0) -> int:
+        ...
+
+    @overload
+    def sum(self, x: float, y: float = 0.0) -> float:
+        ...
+
+    @overload
+    def sum(self, x: str, y: str = ...) -> str:
+        ...
+
+    def sum(self, x, y=None):
+        """docstring"""
+        return x + y
+
+
+class Foo:
+    """docstring"""
+
+    @overload
+    def __new__(cls, x: int, y: int) -> Foo:
+        ...
+
+    @overload
+    def __new__(cls, x: str, y: str) -> Foo:
+        ...
+
+    def __new__(cls, x, y):
+        pass
+
+
+class Bar:
+    """docstring"""
+
+    @overload
+    def __init__(cls, x: int, y: int) -> None:
+        ...
+
+    @overload
+    def __init__(cls, x: str, y: str) -> None:
+        ...
+
+    def __init__(cls, x, y):
+        pass
+
+
+class Meta(type):
+    @overload
+    def __call__(cls, x: int, y: int) -> Any:
+        ...
+
+    @overload
+    def __call__(cls, x: str, y: str) -> Any:
+        ...
+
+    def __call__(cls, x, y):
+        pass
+
+
+class Baz(metaclass=Meta):
+    """docstring"""
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/overload2.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/overload2.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e901f79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/overload2.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from target.overload import Bar
+
+
+class Baz(Bar):
+    pass
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/partialfunction.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/partialfunction.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3be63ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/partialfunction.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+from functools import partial
+
+
+def func1(a, b, c):
+    """docstring of func1"""
+    pass
+
+
+func2 = partial(func1, 1)
+func3 = partial(func2, 2)
+func3.__doc__ = "docstring of func3"
+func4 = partial(func3, 3)
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/partialmethod.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/partialmethod.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..20d75e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/partialmethod.py
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+from functools import partialmethod
+
+
+class Cell:
+    """An example for partialmethod.
+
+    refs: https://docs.python.jp/3/library/functools.html#functools.partialmethod
+    """
+
+    def set_state(self, state):
+        """Update state of cell to *state*."""
+
+    #: Make a cell alive.
+    set_alive = partialmethod(set_state, True)
+
+    # a partialmethod with no docstring
+    set_dead = partialmethod(set_state, False)
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/pep570.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/pep570.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/pep570.py
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/pep604.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/pep604.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9b1f94a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/pep604.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+attr: int | str  #: docstring
+
+
+def sum(x: int | str, y: int | str) -> int | str:
+    """docstring"""
+
+
+class Foo:
+    """docstring"""
+
+    attr: int | str  #: docstring
+
+    def meth(self, x: int | str, y: int | str) -> int | str:
+        """docstring"""
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/preserve_defaults.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/preserve_defaults.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..86e1038
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/preserve_defaults.py
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from datetime import datetime
+from typing import Any
+
+CONSTANT = 'foo'
+SENTINEL = object()
+
+
+def foo(name: str = CONSTANT,
+        sentinel: Any = SENTINEL,
+        now: datetime = datetime.now(),
+        color: int = 0xFFFFFF,
+        *,
+        kwarg1,
+        kwarg2 = 0xFFFFFF) -> None:
+    """docstring"""
+
+
+class Class:
+    """docstring"""
+
+    def meth(self, name: str = CONSTANT, sentinel: Any = SENTINEL,
+             now: datetime = datetime.now(), color: int = 0xFFFFFF,
+             *, kwarg1, kwarg2 = 0xFFFFFF) -> None:
+        """docstring"""
+
+    @classmethod
+    def clsmeth(cls, name: str = CONSTANT, sentinel: Any = SENTINEL,
+                now: datetime = datetime.now(), color: int = 0xFFFFFF,
+                *, kwarg1, kwarg2 = 0xFFFFFF) -> None:
+        """docstring"""
+
+
+get_sentinel = lambda custom=SENTINEL: custom
+"""docstring"""
+
+
+class MultiLine:
+    """docstring"""
+
+    # The properties will raise a silent SyntaxError because "lambda self: 1"
+    # will be detected as a function to update the default values of. However,
+    # only prop3 will not fail because it's on a single line whereas the others
+    # will fail to parse.
+
+    prop1 = property(
+      lambda self: 1, doc="docstring")
+
+    prop2 = property(
+      lambda self: 2, doc="docstring"
+    )
+
+    prop3 = property(lambda self: 3, doc="docstring")
+
+    prop4 = (property
+    (lambda self: 4, doc="docstring"))
+
+    prop5 = property\
+    (lambda self: 5, doc="docstring")
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/preserve_defaults_special_constructs.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/preserve_defaults_special_constructs.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0fdb11a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/preserve_defaults_special_constructs.py
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections import namedtuple
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from typing import NamedTuple, TypedDict
+
+#: docstring
+SENTINEL = object()
+
+
+#: docstring
+ze_lambda = lambda z=SENTINEL: None
+
+
+def foo(x, y, z=SENTINEL):
+    """docstring"""
+
+
+@dataclass
+class DataClass:
+    """docstring"""
+    a: int
+    b: object = SENTINEL
+    c: list[int] = field(default_factory=lambda: [1, 2, 3])
+
+
+@dataclass(init=False)
+class DataClassNoInit:
+    """docstring"""
+    a: int
+    b: object = SENTINEL
+    c: list[int] = field(default_factory=lambda: [1, 2, 3])
+
+
+class MyTypedDict(TypedDict):
+    """docstring"""
+    a: int
+    b: object
+    c: list[int]
+
+
+class MyNamedTuple1(NamedTuple):
+    """docstring"""
+    a: int
+    b: object = object()
+    c: list[int] = [1, 2, 3]
+
+
+class MyNamedTuple2(namedtuple('Base', ('a', 'b'), defaults=(0, SENTINEL))):
+    """docstring"""
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/private.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/private.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e463448
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/private.py
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+def private_function(name):
+    """private_function is a docstring().
+
+    :meta private:
+    """
+
+def _public_function(name):
+    """public_function is a docstring().
+
+    :meta public:
+    """
+
+
+PRIVATE_CONSTANT = None  #: :meta private:
+_PUBLIC_CONSTANT = None  #: :meta public:
+
+
+class Foo:
+    #: A public class attribute whose name starts with an underscore.
+    #:
+    #: :meta public:
+    _public_attribute = 47
+
+    #: A private class attribute whose name does not start with an underscore.
+    #:
+    #: :meta private:
+    private_attribute = 11
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/process_docstring.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/process_docstring.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6005943
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/process_docstring.py
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+def func():
+    """
+    first line
+    ---
+    second line
+    ---
+    third line
+    """
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/properties.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/properties.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..018f51e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/properties.py
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+class Foo:
+    """docstring"""
+
+    @property
+    def prop1(self) -> int:
+        """docstring"""
+
+    @classmethod
+    @property
+    def prop2(self) -> int:
+        """docstring"""
+
+    @property
+    def prop1_with_type_comment(self):
+        # type: () -> int
+        """docstring"""
+
+    @classmethod
+    @property
+    def prop2_with_type_comment(self):
+        # type: () -> int
+        """docstring"""
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/singledispatch.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/singledispatch.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3dd5aaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/singledispatch.py
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+import inspect
+from functools import singledispatch
+
+
+def assign_signature(func):
+    # This is intended to cover more complex signature-rewriting decorators.
+    func.__signature__ = inspect.signature(func)
+    return func
+
+
+@singledispatch
+def func(arg, kwarg=None):
+    """A function for general use."""
+    pass
+
+
+@func.register(int)
+@func.register(float)
+def _func_int(arg, kwarg=None):
+    """A function for int."""
+    pass
+
+
+@func.register(str)
+@assign_signature
+def _func_str(arg, kwarg=None):
+    """A function for str."""
+    pass
+
+
+@func.register
+def _func_dict(arg: dict, kwarg=None):
+    """A function for dict."""
+    # This function tests for specifying type through annotations
+    pass
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/singledispatchmethod.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/singledispatchmethod.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fb92293
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/singledispatchmethod.py
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+from functools import singledispatchmethod
+
+
+class Foo:
+    """docstring"""
+
+    @singledispatchmethod
+    def meth(self, arg, kwarg=None):
+        """A method for general use."""
+        pass
+
+    @meth.register(int)
+    @meth.register(float)
+    def _meth_int(self, arg, kwarg=None):
+        """A method for int."""
+        pass
+
+    @meth.register(str)
+    def _meth_str(self, arg, kwarg=None):
+        """A method for str."""
+        pass
+
+    @meth.register
+    def _meth_dict(self, arg: dict, kwarg=None):
+        """A method for dict."""
+        # This function tests for specifying type through annotations
+        pass
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/slots.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/slots.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..75c7a4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/slots.py
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+class Foo:
+    """docstring"""
+
+    __slots__ = ['attr']
+
+
+class Bar:
+    """docstring"""
+
+    __slots__ = {'attr1': 'docstring of attr1',
+                 'attr2': 'docstring of attr2',
+                 'attr3': None}
+    __annotations__ = {'attr1': int}
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.attr2 = None  #: docstring of instance attr2
+
+
+class Baz:
+    """docstring"""
+
+    __slots__ = 'attr'
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/sort_by_all.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/sort_by_all.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..03def47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/sort_by_all.py
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+__all__ = ['baz', 'foo', 'Bar']
+
+
+def foo():
+    pass
+
+
+class Bar:
+    pass
+
+
+def baz():
+    pass
+
+
+def qux():
+    pass
+
+
+class Quux:
+    pass
+
+
+def foobar():
+    pass
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/typed_vars.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/typed_vars.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0fe7468
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/typed_vars.py
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#: attr1
+attr1: str = ''
+#: attr2
+attr2: str
+#: attr3
+attr3 = ''  # type: str
+
+
+class _Descriptor:
+    def __init__(self, name):
+        self.__doc__ = f"This is {name}"
+    def __get__(self):
+        pass
+
+
+class Class:
+    attr1: int = 0
+    attr2: int
+    attr3 = 0  # type: int
+
+    descr4: int = _Descriptor("descr4")
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.attr4: int = 0     #: attr4
+        self.attr5: int         #: attr5
+        self.attr6 = 0          # type: int
+        """attr6"""
+
+
+class Derived(Class):
+    attr7: int
+
+
+Alias = Derived
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/typehints.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/typehints.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9071594
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/typehints.py
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import pathlib
+from typing import Any, Tuple, TypeVar, Union
+
+CONST1: int
+#: docstring
+CONST2: int = 1
+#: docstring
+CONST3: pathlib.PurePosixPath = pathlib.PurePosixPath("/a/b/c")
+#: docstring
+T = TypeVar("T", bound=pathlib.PurePosixPath)
+
+
+def incr(a: int, b: int = 1) -> int:
+    return a + b
+
+
+def decr(a, b = 1):
+    # type: (int, int) -> int
+    return a - b
+
+
+class Math:
+    CONST1: int
+    CONST2: int = 1
+    CONST3: pathlib.PurePosixPath = pathlib.PurePosixPath("/a/b/c")
+
+    def __init__(self, s: str, o: Any = None) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def incr(self, a: int, b: int = 1) -> int:
+        return a + b
+
+    def decr(self, a, b = 1):
+        # type: (int, int) -> int
+        return a - b
+
+    def nothing(self):
+        # type: () -> None
+        pass
+
+    def horse(self,
+              a,  # type: str
+              b,  # type: int
+              ):
+        # type: (...) -> None
+        return
+
+    @property
+    def prop(self) -> int:
+        return 0
+
+    @property
+    def path(self) -> pathlib.PurePosixPath:
+        return pathlib.PurePosixPath("/a/b/c")
+
+
+def tuple_args(x: tuple[int, int | str]) -> tuple[int, int]:
+    pass
+
+
+class NewAnnotation:
+    def __new__(cls, i: int) -> NewAnnotation:
+        pass
+
+
+class NewComment:
+    def __new__(cls, i):
+        # type: (int) -> NewComment
+        pass
+
+
+class _MetaclassWithCall(type):
+    def __call__(cls, a: int):
+        pass
+
+
+class SignatureFromMetaclass(metaclass=_MetaclassWithCall):
+    pass
+
+
+def complex_func(arg1, arg2, arg3=None, *args, **kwargs):
+    # type: (str, List[int], Tuple[int, Union[str, Unknown]], *str, **str) -> None
+    pass
+
+
+def missing_attr(c,
+                 a,  # type: str
+                 b=None  # type: Optional[str]
+                 ):
+    # type: (...) -> str
+    return a + (b or "")
+
+
+class _ClassWithDocumentedInit:
+    """Class docstring."""
+
+    def __init__(self, x: int, *args: int, **kwargs: int) -> None:
+        """Init docstring.
+
+        :param x: Some integer
+        :param args: Some integer
+        :param kwargs: Some integer
+        """
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/typevar.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/typevar.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a02f3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/typevar.py
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from datetime import date
+from typing import NewType, TypeVar
+
+#: T1
+T1 = TypeVar("T1")
+
+T2 = TypeVar("T2")  # A TypeVar not having doc comment
+
+#: T3
+T3 = TypeVar("T3", int, str)
+
+#: T4
+T4 = TypeVar("T4", covariant=True)
+
+#: T5
+T5 = TypeVar("T5", contravariant=True)
+
+#: T6
+T6 = NewType("T6", date)
+
+#: T7
+T7 = TypeVar("T7", bound=int)
+
+
+class Class:
+    #: T1
+    T1 = TypeVar("T1")
+
+    #: T6
+    T6 = NewType("T6", date)
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/uninitialized_attributes.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/uninitialized_attributes.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e0f229c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/uninitialized_attributes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+class Base:
+    attr1: int  #: docstring
+    attr2: str
+
+
+class Derived(Base):
+    attr3: int  #: docstring
+    attr4: str
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/wrappedfunction.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/wrappedfunction.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..064d777
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autodoc/target/wrappedfunction.py
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from functools import lru_cache
+from typing import Generator
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+def slow_function(message, timeout):
+    """This function is slow."""
+    print(message)
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def feeling_good(x: int, y: int) -> Generator:
+    """You'll feel better in this context!"""
+    yield
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autosectionlabel-prefix-document/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosectionlabel-prefix-document/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..78fb56c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosectionlabel-prefix-document/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+extensions = ['sphinx.ext.autosectionlabel']
+autosectionlabel_prefix_document = True
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autosectionlabel-prefix-document/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosectionlabel-prefix-document/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d767373
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosectionlabel-prefix-document/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+=========================================
+test-ext-autosectionlabel-prefix-document
+=========================================
+
+
+Introduce of Sphinx
+===================
+
+Installation
+============
+
+For Windows users
+-----------------
+
+For UNIX users
+--------------
+
+Linux
+^^^^^
+
+FreeBSD
+^^^^^^^
+
+This one's got an apostrophe
+----------------------------
+
+
+References
+==========
+
+* :ref:`index:Introduce of Sphinx`
+* :ref:`index:Installation`
+* :ref:`index:For Windows users`
+* :ref:`index:For UNIX users`
+* :ref:`index:Linux`
+* :ref:`index:FreeBSD`
+* :ref:`index:This one's got an apostrophe`
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autosectionlabel/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosectionlabel/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..31e93ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosectionlabel/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+extensions = ['sphinx.ext.autosectionlabel']
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autosectionlabel/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosectionlabel/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..133206e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosectionlabel/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+=========================
+test-ext-autosectionlabel
+=========================
+
+
+Introduce of Sphinx
+===================
+
+Installation
+============
+
+For Windows users
+-----------------
+
+For UNIX users
+--------------
+
+Linux
+^^^^^
+
+FreeBSD
+^^^^^^^
+
+This one's got an apostrophe
+----------------------------
+
+References
+==========
+
+* :ref:`test-ext-autosectionlabel`
+* :ref:`Introduce of Sphinx`
+* :ref:`Installation`
+* :ref:`For Windows users`
+* :ref:`For UNIX users`
+* :ref:`Linux`
+* :ref:`FreeBSD`
+* :ref:`This one's got an apostrophe`
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-filename-map/autosummary_dummy_module.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-filename-map/autosummary_dummy_module.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b88e335
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-filename-map/autosummary_dummy_module.py
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from os import path
+from typing import Union
+
+
+class Foo:
+    class Bar:
+        pass
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        pass
+
+    def bar(self):
+        pass
+
+    @property
+    def baz(self):
+        pass
+
+
+def bar(x: int | str, y: int = 1) -> None:
+    pass
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-filename-map/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-filename-map/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..17e2fa4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-filename-map/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import os
+import sys
+
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('.'))
+
+extensions = ['sphinx.ext.autosummary']
+autosummary_generate = True
+autosummary_filename_map = {
+    "autosummary_dummy_module": "module_mangled",
+    "autosummary_dummy_module.bar": "bar"
+}
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-filename-map/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-filename-map/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..57d902b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-filename-map/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+
+.. autosummary::
+   :toctree: generated
+   :caption: An autosummary
+
+   autosummary_dummy_module
+   autosummary_dummy_module.Foo
+   autosummary_dummy_module.Foo.bar
+   autosummary_dummy_module.bar
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-imported_members/autosummary_dummy_package/__init__.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-imported_members/autosummary_dummy_package/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0a7d9f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-imported_members/autosummary_dummy_package/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+from .autosummary_dummy_module import Bar, foo
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-imported_members/autosummary_dummy_package/autosummary_dummy_module.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-imported_members/autosummary_dummy_package/autosummary_dummy_module.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9c93f06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-imported_members/autosummary_dummy_package/autosummary_dummy_module.py
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+class Bar:
+    """Bar class"""
+    pass
+
+
+def foo():
+    """Foo function"""
+    pass
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-imported_members/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-imported_members/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..77af668
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-imported_members/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+import os
+import sys
+
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('.'))
+
+extensions = ['sphinx.ext.autosummary']
+autosummary_generate = True
+autosummary_imported_members = True
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-imported_members/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-imported_members/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1c55126
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-imported_members/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+test-ext-autosummary-imported_members
+=====================================
+
+.. autosummary::
+   :toctree: generated
+
+   autosummary_dummy_package
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-mock_imports/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-mock_imports/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..121f814
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-mock_imports/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+import os
+import sys
+
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('.'))
+
+extensions = ['sphinx.ext.autosummary']
+autosummary_generate = True
+autosummary_mock_imports = ['unknown']
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-mock_imports/foo.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-mock_imports/foo.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ab4460e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-mock_imports/foo.py
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+import unknown
+
+
+class Foo(unknown.Class):
+    """Foo class"""
+    pass
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-mock_imports/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-mock_imports/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f6044ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-mock_imports/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+test-ext-autosummary-mock_imports
+=================================
+
+.. autosummary::
+   :toctree: generated
+
+   foo
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-module_all/autosummary_dummy_package_all/__init__.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-module_all/autosummary_dummy_package_all/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..82f2060
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-module_all/autosummary_dummy_package_all/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+from .autosummary_dummy_module import Bar, PublicBar, foo, public_foo
+
+
+def baz():
+    """Baz function"""
+    pass
+
+
+def public_baz():
+    """Public Baz function"""
+
+
+__all__ = ["PublicBar", "public_foo", "public_baz", "extra_dummy_module"]
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-module_all/autosummary_dummy_package_all/autosummary_dummy_module.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-module_all/autosummary_dummy_package_all/autosummary_dummy_module.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ef89e22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-module_all/autosummary_dummy_package_all/autosummary_dummy_module.py
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+class Bar:
+    """Bar class"""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class PublicBar:
+    """Public Bar class"""
+
+    pass
+
+
+def foo():
+    """Foo function"""
+    pass
+
+
+def public_foo():
+    """Public Foo function"""
+    pass
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-module_all/autosummary_dummy_package_all/extra_dummy_module.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-module_all/autosummary_dummy_package_all/extra_dummy_module.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ef89e22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-module_all/autosummary_dummy_package_all/extra_dummy_module.py
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+class Bar:
+    """Bar class"""
+
+    pass
+
+
+class PublicBar:
+    """Public Bar class"""
+
+    pass
+
+
+def foo():
+    """Foo function"""
+    pass
+
+
+def public_foo():
+    """Public Foo function"""
+    pass
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-module_all/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-module_all/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c6ff534
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-module_all/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+import os
+import sys
+
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('.'))
+
+extensions = ['sphinx.ext.autosummary']
+autosummary_generate = True
+autosummary_ignore_module_all = False
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-module_all/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-module_all/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd638ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-module_all/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+test-ext-autosummary-module_all
+===============================
+
+.. autosummary::
+   :toctree: generated
+   :recursive:
+
+   autosummary_dummy_package_all
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-recursive/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-recursive/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1c0d022
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-recursive/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+import os
+import sys
+
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('.'))
+
+extensions = ['sphinx.ext.autosummary']
+autosummary_generate = True
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-recursive/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-recursive/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5855bfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-recursive/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+API Reference
+=============
+
+.. rubric:: Packages
+
+.. autosummary::
+   :toctree: generated
+   :recursive:
+
+    package
+
+.. autosummary::
+   :toctree: generated
+
+    package2
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-recursive/package/__init__.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-recursive/package/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-recursive/package/__init__.py
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-recursive/package/module.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-recursive/package/module.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c76e733
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-recursive/package/module.py
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+from os import *
+
+
+class Foo:
+    def __init__(self):
+        pass
+
+    def bar(self):
+        pass
+
+    @property
+    def baz(self):
+        pass
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-recursive/package/module_importfail.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-recursive/package/module_importfail.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c6ce56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-recursive/package/module_importfail.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# Fail module import in a catastrophic way
+raise SystemExit(1)
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-recursive/package/package/__init__.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-recursive/package/package/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-recursive/package/package/__init__.py
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-recursive/package/package/module.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-recursive/package/package/module.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c76e733
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-recursive/package/package/module.py
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+from os import *
+
+
+class Foo:
+    def __init__(self):
+        pass
+
+    def bar(self):
+        pass
+
+    @property
+    def baz(self):
+        pass
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-recursive/package2/__init__.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-recursive/package2/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-recursive/package2/__init__.py
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-recursive/package2/module.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-recursive/package2/module.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c76e733
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-recursive/package2/module.py
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+from os import *
+
+
+class Foo:
+    def __init__(self):
+        pass
+
+    def bar(self):
+        pass
+
+    @property
+    def baz(self):
+        pass
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-skip-member/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-skip-member/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7c8f0e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-skip-member/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+import os
+import sys
+
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('.'))
+
+
+extensions = ['sphinx.ext.autosummary']
+autosummary_generate = True
+autodoc_default_options = {'members': True}
+
+
+def skip_member(app, what, name, obj, skip, options):
+    if name == 'skipmeth':
+        return True
+    elif name == '_privatemeth':
+        return False
+
+
+def setup(app):
+    app.connect('autodoc-skip-member', skip_member)
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-skip-member/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-skip-member/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c376a13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-skip-member/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+.. autosummary::
+   :toctree: generate
+
+   target.Foo
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-skip-member/target.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-skip-member/target.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fdf557e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-skip-member/target.py
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+class Foo:
+    """docstring of Foo."""
+
+    def meth(self):
+        """docstring of meth."""
+        pass
+
+    def skipmeth(self):
+        """docstring of skipmeth."""
+        pass
+
+    def _privatemeth(self):
+        """docstring of _privatemeth."""
+        pass
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-template/_templates/empty.rst b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-template/_templates/empty.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7f7204c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-template/_templates/empty.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+EMPTY
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-template/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-template/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cc23635
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-template/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+import os
+import sys
+
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('.'))
+
+
+extensions = ['sphinx.ext.autosummary']
+autosummary_generate = True
+autodoc_default_options = {'members': True}
+templates_path = ['_templates']
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-template/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-template/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c9f28b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-template/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+.. autosummary::
+   :toctree: generate
+   :template: empty.rst
+
+   target.Foo
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-template/target.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-template/target.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c607b59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary-template/target.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+class Foo:
+    """docstring of Foo."""
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary/autosummary_class_module.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary/autosummary_class_module.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f13de17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary/autosummary_class_module.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+class Class():
+  pass
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary/autosummary_dummy_inherited_module.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary/autosummary_dummy_inherited_module.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2b3d2da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary/autosummary_dummy_inherited_module.py
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+from autosummary_dummy_module import Foo
+
+
+class InheritedAttrClass(Foo):
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        #: other docstring
+        self.subclassattr = "subclassattr"
+
+        super().__init__()
+
+
+__all__ = ["InheritedAttrClass"]
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary/autosummary_dummy_module.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary/autosummary_dummy_module.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2d8829a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary/autosummary_dummy_module.py
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+from os import path
+from typing import Union
+
+from autosummary_class_module import Class
+
+__all__ = [
+    "CONSTANT1",
+    "Exc",
+    "Foo",
+    "_Baz",
+    "bar",
+    "qux",
+    "path",
+]
+
+#: module variable
+CONSTANT1 = None
+CONSTANT2 = None
+
+
+class Foo:
+    #: class variable
+    CONSTANT3 = None
+    CONSTANT4 = None
+
+    class Bar:
+        pass
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        #: docstring
+        self.value = 1
+
+    def bar(self):
+        pass
+
+    @property
+    def baz(self):
+        pass
+
+
+class _Baz:
+    pass
+
+
+def bar(x: Union[int, str], y: int = 1) -> None:
+    pass
+
+
+def _quux():
+    pass
+
+
+class Exc(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class _Exc(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+#: a module-level attribute
+qux = 2
+#: a module-level attribute that has been excluded from __all__
+quuz = 2
+
+considered_as_imported = Class()
+non_imported_member = Class()
+""" This attribute has a docstring, so it is recognized as a not-imported member """
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary/autosummary_importfail.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary/autosummary_importfail.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c6ce56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary/autosummary_importfail.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# Fail module import in a catastrophic way
+raise SystemExit(1)
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..55c769c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+import os
+import sys
+
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('.'))
+
+extensions = ['sphinx.ext.autosummary']
+autosummary_generate = True
+
+# The suffix of source filenames.
+source_suffix = '.rst'
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..08bd0f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-autosummary/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+
+:autolink:`autosummary_dummy_module.Foo`
+
+:autolink:`autosummary_importfail`
+
+.. autosummary::
+   :toctree: generated
+   :caption: An autosummary
+
+   autosummary_dummy_module
+   autosummary_dummy_module.Foo
+   autosummary_dummy_module.Foo.Bar
+   autosummary_dummy_module.Foo.value
+   autosummary_dummy_module.bar
+   autosummary_dummy_module.qux
+   autosummary_dummy_inherited_module.InheritedAttrClass
+   autosummary_dummy_inherited_module.InheritedAttrClass.subclassattr
+   autosummary_importfail
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-coverage/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-coverage/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d3ec6e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-coverage/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+import os
+import sys
+
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('.'))
+
+extensions = ['sphinx.ext.autodoc', 'sphinx.ext.coverage']
+
+coverage_ignore_pyobjects = [
+    r'^coverage_ignored(\..*)?$',
+    r'\.Ignored$',
+    r'\.Documented\.ignored\d$',
+]
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-coverage/coverage_ignored.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-coverage/coverage_ignored.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b762955
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-coverage/coverage_ignored.py
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+class Documented:
+    """Documented"""
+
+    def ignored1(self):
+        pass
+
+    def ignored2(self):
+        pass
+
+    def not_ignored1(self):
+        pass
+
+    def not_ignored2(self):
+        pass
+
+
+class Ignored:
+    pass
+
+
+class NotIgnored:
+    pass
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-coverage/coverage_not_ignored.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-coverage/coverage_not_ignored.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b762955
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-coverage/coverage_not_ignored.py
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+class Documented:
+    """Documented"""
+
+    def ignored1(self):
+        pass
+
+    def ignored2(self):
+        pass
+
+    def not_ignored1(self):
+        pass
+
+    def not_ignored2(self):
+        pass
+
+
+class Ignored:
+    pass
+
+
+class NotIgnored:
+    pass
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-coverage/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-ext-coverage/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b846898
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-coverage/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+.. automodule:: coverage_ignored
+   :members:
+
+
+.. automodule:: coverage_not_ignored
+   :members:
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-doctest-skipif/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-doctest-skipif/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f54982
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-doctest-skipif/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+extensions = ['sphinx.ext.doctest']
+
+project = 'test project for the doctest :skipif: directive'
+root_doc = 'skipif'
+source_suffix = '.txt'
+exclude_patterns = ['_build']
+
+doctest_global_setup = '''
+from tests.test_ext_doctest import record
+
+record('doctest_global_setup', 'body', True)
+'''
+
+doctest_global_cleanup = '''
+record('doctest_global_cleanup', 'body', True)
+'''
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-doctest-skipif/skipif.txt b/tests/roots/test-ext-doctest-skipif/skipif.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c5bd398
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-doctest-skipif/skipif.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+Testing the doctest extension's `:skipif:` option
+=================================================
+
+testsetup
+---------
+
+.. testsetup:: group-skipif
+   :skipif: record('testsetup', ':skipif:', True) != 'this will be True'
+
+   record('testsetup', 'body', True)
+
+.. testsetup:: group-skipif
+   :skipif: record('testsetup', ':skipif:', False) == 'this will be False'
+
+   record('testsetup', 'body', False)
+
+
+doctest
+-------
+.. doctest:: group-skipif
+   :skipif: record('doctest', ':skipif:', True) != 'this will be True'
+
+   >>> print(record('doctest', 'body', True))
+   The test is skipped, and this expected text is ignored
+
+
+.. doctest::
+   :skipif: record('doctest', ':skipif:', False) == 'this will be False'
+
+   >>> print(record('doctest', 'body', False))
+   Recorded doctest body False
+
+
+testcode and testoutput
+-----------------------
+
+testcode skipped
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. testcode:: group-skipif
+   :skipif: record('testcode', ':skipif:', True) != 'this will be True'
+
+   print(record('testcode', 'body', True))
+
+.. testoutput:: group-skipif
+   :skipif: record('testoutput-1', ':skipif:', True) != 'this will be True'
+
+   The previous testcode is skipped, and the :skipif: condition is True,
+   so this testoutput is ignored
+
+testcode executed
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. testcode:: group-skipif
+   :skipif: record('testcode', ':skipif:', False) == 'this will be False'
+
+   print(record('testcode', 'body', False))
+
+.. testoutput:: group-skipif
+   :skipif: record('testoutput-2', ':skipif:', False) == 'this will be False'
+
+   Recorded testcode body False
+
+.. testoutput:: group-skipif
+   :skipif: record('testoutput-2', ':skipif:', True) != 'this will be True'
+
+   The :skipif: condition is False, so this testoutput is ignored
+
+
+testcleanup
+-----------
+
+.. testcleanup:: group-skipif
+   :skipif: record('testcleanup', ':skipif:', True) != 'this will be True'
+
+   record('testcleanup', 'body', True)
+
+.. testcleanup:: group-skipif
+   :skipif: record('testcleanup', ':skipif:', False) == 'this will be False'
+
+   record('testcleanup', 'body', False)
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-doctest-with-autodoc/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-doctest-with-autodoc/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1ec1dd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-doctest-with-autodoc/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+import sys
+from os import path
+
+sys.path.insert(0, path.abspath(path.dirname(__file__)))
+
+project = 'test project for doctest + autodoc reporting'
+extensions = ['sphinx.ext.autodoc', 'sphinx.ext.doctest']
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-doctest-with-autodoc/dir/__init__.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-doctest-with-autodoc/dir/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-doctest-with-autodoc/dir/__init__.py
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-doctest-with-autodoc/dir/bar.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-doctest-with-autodoc/dir/bar.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..122fdf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-doctest-with-autodoc/dir/bar.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+"""
+>>> 'dir/bar.py:2'
+
+"""
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-doctest-with-autodoc/dir/inner.rst b/tests/roots/test-ext-doctest-with-autodoc/dir/inner.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b2ee47f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-doctest-with-autodoc/dir/inner.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+>>> 'dir/inner.rst:1'
+
+.. automodule:: dir.bar
+   :members:
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-doctest-with-autodoc/foo.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-doctest-with-autodoc/foo.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9f62a19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-doctest-with-autodoc/foo.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+"""
+
+>>> 'foo.py:3'
+
+"""
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-doctest-with-autodoc/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-ext-doctest-with-autodoc/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..09d1239
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-doctest-with-autodoc/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+.. automodule:: foo
+   :members:
+
+>>> 'index.rst:4'
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-doctest/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-doctest/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d0e8b10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-doctest/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+extensions = ['sphinx.ext.doctest']
+
+project = 'test project for doctest'
+root_doc = 'doctest'
+source_suffix = '.txt'
+exclude_patterns = ['_build']
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-doctest/doctest.txt b/tests/roots/test-ext-doctest/doctest.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..04780cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-doctest/doctest.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+Testing the doctest extension
+=============================
+
+Simple doctest blocks
+---------------------
+
+>>> 1+1
+2
+>>> 1/0
+Traceback (most recent call last):
+  ...
+ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero
+
+
+Special directives
+------------------
+
+* doctest
+
+  .. doctest::
+
+     >>> 1+1
+     2
+     >>> 1/0
+     Traceback (most recent call last):
+       ...
+     ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero
+
+* testcode/testoutput
+
+  .. testcode::
+
+     print(1+1)
+
+  .. testoutput::
+
+     2
+
+  .. testcode::
+
+     1/0
+
+  .. testoutput::
+
+     Traceback (most recent call last):
+       ...
+     ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero
+
+* testsetup
+
+  .. testsetup:: *
+
+     def squared(x):
+     	return x * x
+
+  .. doctest::
+
+     >>> squared(2)
+     4
+
+  .. testcode::
+
+     print(squared(2))
+
+  .. testoutput::
+
+     4
+
+  >>> squared(2)
+  4
+
+* options for doctest/testcode/testoutput blocks
+
+  .. testcode::
+     :hide:
+
+     print('Output         text.')
+
+  .. testoutput::
+     :hide:
+     :options: +NORMALIZE_WHITESPACE
+
+     Output text.
+
+  .. doctest::
+     :pyversion: >= 2.0
+
+     >>> a = 3
+     >>> a
+     3
+
+  .. doctest::
+     :pyversion: < 2.0
+
+     >>> a = 3
+     >>> a
+     4
+
+* grouping
+
+  .. testsetup:: group1
+
+     def add(x, y):
+         return x + y
+
+
+  ``add`` is now known in "group1", but not in others.
+
+  .. doctest:: group1
+
+     >>> add(1, 1)
+     2
+
+  .. doctest:: group2
+
+     >>> add(1, 1)
+     Traceback (most recent call last):
+       ...
+     NameError: name 'add' is not defined
+
+  Interleaving testcode/testoutput:
+
+  .. testcode:: group1
+
+     print(squared(3))
+
+  .. testcode:: group2
+
+     print(squared(4))
+
+  .. testoutput:: group1
+
+     9
+
+  .. testoutput:: group2
+
+     16
+
+
+.. testcleanup:: *
+
+   from tests import test_ext_doctest
+   test_ext_doctest.cleanup_call()
+
+non-ASCII result
+----------------
+
+>>> print('umlauts: äöü.')
+umlauts: äöü.
+>>> print('Japanese: 日本語')
+Japanese: 日本語
+
+keep control char in raw string
+-------------------------------
+
+.. doctest::
+
+    >>> print('one\ntwo')
+    one
+    two
+    >>> print(r'one\ntwo')
+    one\ntwo
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-extlinks-hardcoded-urls-multiple-replacements/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-extlinks-hardcoded-urls-multiple-replacements/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f463449
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-extlinks-hardcoded-urls-multiple-replacements/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+extensions = ['sphinx.ext.extlinks']
+extlinks = {
+    'user': ('https://github.com/%s', '@%s'),
+    'repo': ('https://github.com/%s', 'project %s'),
+}
+extlinks_detect_hardcoded_links = True
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-extlinks-hardcoded-urls-multiple-replacements/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-ext-extlinks-hardcoded-urls-multiple-replacements/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..162b361
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-extlinks-hardcoded-urls-multiple-replacements/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+test-ext-extlinks-hardcoded-urls
+================================
+
+.. Links generated by extlinks extension should not raise any warnings.
+.. Only hardcoded URLs are affected.
+
+:user:`octocat`
+
+:repo:`sphinx-doc/sphinx`
+
+.. hardcoded replaceable link which can be replaced as
+.. :repo:`octocat` or :user:`octocat`
+
+https://github.com/octocat
+
+`inline replaceable link <https://github.com/octocat>`_
+
+`replaceable link`_
+
+`non replaceable link <https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/pulls>`_
+
+.. hyperlinks
+
+.. _replaceable link: https://github.com/octocat
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-extlinks-hardcoded-urls/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-extlinks-hardcoded-urls/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..db0b341
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-extlinks-hardcoded-urls/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+extensions = ['sphinx.ext.extlinks']
+extlinks = {'issue': ('https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/issues/%s', 'issue %s')}
+extlinks_detect_hardcoded_links = True
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-extlinks-hardcoded-urls/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-ext-extlinks-hardcoded-urls/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ada6f07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-extlinks-hardcoded-urls/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+test-ext-extlinks-hardcoded-urls
+================================
+
+.. Links generated by extlinks extension should not raise any warnings.
+.. Only hardcoded URLs are affected.
+
+:issue:`1`
+
+.. hardcoded replaceable link
+
+https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/issues/1
+
+`inline replaceable link <https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/issues/1>`_
+
+`replaceable link`_
+
+.. hardcoded non-replaceable link
+
+https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/pulls/1
+
+`inline non-replaceable link <https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/pulls/1>`_
+
+`non-replaceable link`_
+
+.. hyperlinks
+
+.. _replaceable link: https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/issues/1
+.. _non-replaceable link: https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/pulls/1
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-githubpages/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-githubpages/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3577096
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-githubpages/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+extensions = ['sphinx.ext.githubpages']
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-githubpages/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-ext-githubpages/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..711847f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-githubpages/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+githubpages
+===========
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-graphviz/_static/images/test.svg b/tests/roots/test-ext-graphviz/_static/images/test.svg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6134f44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-graphviz/_static/images/test.svg
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<svg version="1.1"
+     height="128" width="128"
+     xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+
+  <rect width="100%" height="100%" fill="red" />
+
+</svg>
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-graphviz/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-graphviz/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..317457f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-graphviz/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+extensions = ['sphinx.ext.graphviz']
+exclude_patterns = ['_build']
+html_static_path = ["_static"]
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-graphviz/graph.dot b/tests/roots/test-ext-graphviz/graph.dot
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ca57244
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-graphviz/graph.dot
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+digraph {
+  bar -> baz
+}
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-graphviz/graph.xx.dot b/tests/roots/test-ext-graphviz/graph.xx.dot
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e5add5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-graphviz/graph.xx.dot
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+digraph {
+  BAR -> BAZ
+}
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-graphviz/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-ext-graphviz/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cb0f069
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-graphviz/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+graphviz
+========
+
+.. digraph:: foo
+   :caption: caption of graph
+
+   bar -> baz
+
+.. |graph| digraph:: bar
+
+           bar -> baz
+
+Hello |graph| graphviz world
+
+.. digraph:: foo
+   :graphviz_dot: neato
+   :class: neato_graph
+
+   baz -> qux
+
+
+.. graphviz:: graph.dot
+
+.. digraph:: bar
+   :align: right
+   :caption: on *right*
+
+   foo -> bar
+
+.. digraph:: foo
+   :align: center
+
+   centered
+
+.. graphviz::
+   :align: center
+
+   digraph test {
+     foo [label="foo", URL="#graphviz", target="_parent"]
+     bar [label="bar", image="./_static/images/test.svg"]
+     baz [label="baz", URL="./_static/images/test.svg"]
+     foo -> bar -> baz
+   }
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-ifconfig/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-ifconfig/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e82ec79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-ifconfig/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+extensions = ['sphinx.ext.ifconfig']
+exclude_patterns = ['_build']
+
+confval1 = True
+
+
+def setup(app):
+    app.add_config_value('confval1', False, None)
+    app.add_config_value('confval2', False, None)
+    app.add_config_value('false_config', False, None)
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-ifconfig/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-ext-ifconfig/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f7fabcc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-ifconfig/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+ifconfig
+========
+
+.. ifconfig:: confval1
+
+   spam
+
+.. ifconfig:: confval2
+
+   egg
+
+Issue 10496 regression test
+===========================
+
+.. ifconfig:: false_config
+
+   `Link 1 <https://link1.example>`__
+
+.. ifconfig:: false_config
+
+   `Link 2 <https://link2.example>`__
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-imgconverter/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-imgconverter/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6a2e75d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-imgconverter/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+extensions = ['sphinx.ext.imgconverter']
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-imgconverter/img.pdf b/tests/roots/test-ext-imgconverter/img.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cacbd85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-imgconverter/img.pdf
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-imgconverter/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-ext-imgconverter/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f8ef1d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-imgconverter/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+test-ext-imgconverter
+=====================
+
+.. image:: svgimg.svg
+.. image:: img.pdf
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-imgconverter/svgimg.svg b/tests/roots/test-ext-imgconverter/svgimg.svg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2bae0b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-imgconverter/svgimg.svg
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" height="60" width="60">
+    <circle cx="40" cy="40" r="24" style="stroke:#000000; fill:#ffffff"/>
+</svg>
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-imgmockconverter/1/svgimg.svg b/tests/roots/test-ext-imgmockconverter/1/svgimg.svg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..981e301
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-imgmockconverter/1/svgimg.svg
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+<svg viewBox="0 0 100 100" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
+  <circle cx="50" cy="50" r="50" />
+</svg>
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-imgmockconverter/2/svgimg.svg b/tests/roots/test-ext-imgmockconverter/2/svgimg.svg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2bae0b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-imgmockconverter/2/svgimg.svg
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" height="60" width="60">
+    <circle cx="40" cy="40" r="24" style="stroke:#000000; fill:#ffffff"/>
+</svg>
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-imgmockconverter/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-imgmockconverter/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..679bb5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-imgmockconverter/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+import os
+import sys
+
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('.'))
+extensions = ['mocksvgconverter']
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-imgmockconverter/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-ext-imgmockconverter/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bc665f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-imgmockconverter/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+test-ext-imgconverter
+=====================
+
+.. image:: ./1/svgimg.svg
+.. image:: ./2/svgimg.svg
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-imgmockconverter/mocksvgconverter.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-imgmockconverter/mocksvgconverter.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..43368de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-imgmockconverter/mocksvgconverter.py
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+"""
+    Does foo.svg --> foo.pdf with no change to the file.
+"""
+
+import shutil
+
+from sphinx.transforms.post_transforms.images import ImageConverter
+
+if False:
+    # For type annotation
+    from typing import Any, Dict  # NOQA
+
+    from sphinx.application import Sphinx  # NOQA
+
+class MyConverter(ImageConverter):
+    conversion_rules = [
+        ('image/svg+xml', 'application/pdf'),
+    ]
+
+    def is_available(self):
+        # type: () -> bool
+        return True
+
+    def convert(self, _from, _to):
+        # type: (unicode, unicode) -> bool
+        """Mock converts the image from SVG to PDF."""
+        shutil.copyfile(_from, _to)
+        return True
+
+
+def setup(app):
+    # type: (Sphinx) -> Dict[unicode, Any]
+    app.add_post_transform(MyConverter)
+
+    return {
+        'version': 'builtin',
+        'parallel_read_safe': True,
+        'parallel_write_safe': True,
+    }
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-inheritance_diagram/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-inheritance_diagram/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d3778d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-inheritance_diagram/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+import os
+import sys
+
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('.'))
+
+extensions = ['sphinx.ext.inheritance_diagram', 'sphinx.ext.intersphinx']
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-inheritance_diagram/example/__init__.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-inheritance_diagram/example/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2f85c08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-inheritance_diagram/example/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# example.py
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-inheritance_diagram/example/sphinx.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-inheritance_diagram/example/sphinx.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2bfbf4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-inheritance_diagram/example/sphinx.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# example.sphinx
+
+
+class DummyClass:
+    pass
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-inheritance_diagram/external/other.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-inheritance_diagram/external/other.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a4ce8a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-inheritance_diagram/external/other.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from test import Alice
+
+
+class Bob(Alice):
+    pass
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-inheritance_diagram/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-ext-inheritance_diagram/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e694fb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-inheritance_diagram/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+============================
+test-ext-inheritance_diagram
+============================
+
+.. inheritance-diagram:: test.Foo
+
+.. inheritance-diagram:: test.Foo
+   :caption: Test Foo!
+
+.. inheritance-diagram:: test.DocSubDir2
+
+.. py:class:: test.DocHere
+
+.. py:class:: test.DocMainLevel
+
+.. inheritance-diagram:: external.other.Bob
+
+.. py:class:: test.Alice
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-inheritance_diagram/subdir/page1.rst b/tests/roots/test-ext-inheritance_diagram/subdir/page1.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3001b02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-inheritance_diagram/subdir/page1.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+================================================
+test-ext-inheritance_diagram subdirectory page 1
+================================================
+
+.. inheritance-diagram:: test.DocMainLevel
+
+.. inheritance-diagram:: test.DocSubDir2
+
+.. py:class:: test.DocSubDir1
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-inheritance_diagram/subdir/page2.rst b/tests/roots/test-ext-inheritance_diagram/subdir/page2.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..720e2d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-inheritance_diagram/subdir/page2.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+================================================
+test-ext-inheritance_diagram subdirectory page 2
+================================================
+
+.. py:class:: test.DocSubDir2
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-inheritance_diagram/test.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-inheritance_diagram/test.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..efb1c2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-inheritance_diagram/test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+class Foo:
+    pass
+
+
+class DocHere(Foo):
+    pass
+
+
+class DocSubDir1(DocHere):
+    pass
+
+
+class DocSubDir2(DocSubDir1):
+    pass
+
+
+class DocMainLevel(Foo):
+    pass
+
+
+class Alice(object):
+    pass
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-intersphinx-cppdomain/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-intersphinx-cppdomain/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9485eb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-intersphinx-cppdomain/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+extensions = ['sphinx.ext.intersphinx']
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-intersphinx-cppdomain/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-ext-intersphinx-cppdomain/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bf67d52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-intersphinx-cppdomain/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+test-ext-intersphinx-cppdomain
+==============================
+
+.. cpp:namespace:: foo
+
+:cpp:class:`Bar`
+
+.. cpp:function:: foons::bartype FooBarBaz()
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-intersphinx-role/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-intersphinx-role/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a54f5c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-intersphinx-role/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+extensions = ['sphinx.ext.intersphinx']
+# the role should not honor this conf var
+intersphinx_disabled_reftypes = ['*']
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-intersphinx-role/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-ext-intersphinx-role/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..58edb7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-intersphinx-role/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+- ``module1`` is only defined in ``inv``:
+  :external:py:mod:`module1`
+
+.. py:module:: module2
+
+- ``module2`` is defined here and also in ``inv``, but should resolve to inv:
+  :external:py:mod:`module2`
+
+- ``module3`` is not defined anywhere, so should warn:
+  :external:py:mod:`module3`
+
+.. py:module:: module10
+
+- ``module10`` is only defined here, but should still not be resolved to:
+  :external:py:mod:`module10`
+
+- a function in inv:
+  :external:py:func:`module1.func`
+- a method, but with old style inventory prefix, which shouldn't work:
+  :external:py:meth:`inv:Foo.bar`
+- a non-existing role:
+  :external:py:nope:`something`
+
+.. default-domain:: cpp
+
+- a type where the default domain is used to find the role:
+  :external:type:`std::uint8_t`
+- a non-existing role in default domain:
+  :external:nope:`somethingElse`
+
+- two roles in ``std`` which can be found without a default domain:
+
+  - :external:doc:`docname`
+  - :external:option:`ls -l`
+
+
+- a function with explicit inventory:
+  :external+inv:c:func:`CFunc`
+- a class with explicit non-existing inventory, which also has upper-case in name:
+  :external+invNope:cpp:class:`foo::Bar`
+
+
+- explicit title:
+  :external:cpp:type:`FoonsTitle <foons>`
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-math-compat/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-math-compat/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..85e3950
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-math-compat/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+from docutils import nodes
+from docutils.parsers.rst import Directive
+
+extensions = ['sphinx.ext.mathjax']
+
+
+def my_math_role(role, rawtext, text, lineno, inliner, options={}, content=[]):
+    text = 'E = mc^2'
+    return [nodes.math(text, text)], []
+
+
+class MyMathDirective(Directive):
+    def run(self):
+        text = 'E = mc^2'
+        return [nodes.math_block(text, text)]
+
+
+def setup(app):
+    app.add_role('my_math', my_math_role)
+    app.add_directive('my-math', MyMathDirective)
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-math-compat/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-ext-math-compat/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..208878c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-math-compat/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+Test Math
+=========
+
+inline
+------
+
+Inline: :math:`E=mc^2`
+Inline my math: :my_math:`:-)`
+
+block
+-----
+
+.. math:: a^2+b^2=c^2
+
+Second math
+
+.. math:: e^{i\pi}+1=0
+
+Multi math equations
+
+.. my-math::
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-math-simple/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-math-simple/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-math-simple/conf.py
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-math-simple/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-ext-math-simple/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a455d89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-math-simple/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Test Math
+=========
+
+.. math:: a^2+b^2=c^2
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-math/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-math/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-math/conf.py
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-math/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-ext-math/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..221284a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-math/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+Test Math
+=========
+
+.. toctree::
+   :numbered: 1
+
+   math
+   page
+   nomath
+
+.. math:: a^2+b^2=c^2
+
+Inline :math:`E=mc^2`
+
+Second math
+
+.. math:: e^{i\pi}+1=0
+
+Multi math equations
+
+.. math::
+
+   S &= \pi r^2
+
+   V &= \frac{4}{3} \pi r^3
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-math/math.rst b/tests/roots/test-ext-math/math.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c05c3a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-math/math.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+Test math extensions :math:`E = m c^2`
+======================================
+
+This is inline math: :math:`a^2 + b^2 = c^2`.
+
+.. math:: a^2 + b^2 = c^2
+
+.. math::
+
+   a + 1 < b
+
+.. math::
+   :label: foo
+
+   e^{i\pi} = 1
+
+.. math::
+   :label:
+
+   e^{ix} = \cos x + i\sin x
+
+.. math::
+
+   n \in \mathbb N
+
+.. math::
+   :nowrap:
+
+   a + 1 < b
+
+Referencing equation :eq:`foo` and :math:numref:`foo`.
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-math/nomath.rst b/tests/roots/test-ext-math/nomath.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-math/nomath.rst
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-math/page.rst b/tests/roots/test-ext-math/page.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ef80409
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-math/page.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+Test multiple pages
+===================
+
+.. math::
+   :label: bar
+
+   a = b + 1
+
+Referencing equations :eq:`foo` and :eq:`bar`.
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-napoleon/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-napoleon/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..502fb5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-napoleon/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+import os
+import sys
+
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('.'))
+extensions = ['sphinx.ext.napoleon']
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-napoleon/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-ext-napoleon/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4c013b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-napoleon/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+test-ext-napoleon
+=================
+
+.. toctree::
+
+   typehints
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-napoleon/mypackage/__init__.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-napoleon/mypackage/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-napoleon/mypackage/__init__.py
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-napoleon/mypackage/typehints.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-napoleon/mypackage/typehints.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..526b78e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-napoleon/mypackage/typehints.py
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+def hello(x: int, *args: int, **kwargs: int) -> None:
+    """
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    x
+        X
+    *args
+        Additional arguments.
+    **kwargs
+        Extra arguments.
+    """
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-napoleon/typehints.rst b/tests/roots/test-ext-napoleon/typehints.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..43c61f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-napoleon/typehints.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+typehints
+=========
+
+.. automodule:: mypackage.typehints
+   :members:
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-todo/bar.rst b/tests/roots/test-ext-todo/bar.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6804a68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-todo/bar.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+bar
+===
+
+.. todo:: todo in bar
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-todo/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-todo/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..64b749e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-todo/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+extensions = ['sphinx.ext.todo']
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-todo/foo.rst b/tests/roots/test-ext-todo/foo.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..12e9f63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-todo/foo.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+foo
+===
+
+.. todo:: todo in foo
+
+.. py:function:: hello()
+
+   :param bug: #5800
+
+               .. todo:: todo in param field
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-todo/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-ext-todo/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..781473d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-todo/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+test for sphinx.ext.todo
+========================
+
+.. toctree::
+
+   foo
+   bar
+
+.. todolist::
+
+.. todolist::
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-viewcode-find/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-viewcode-find/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..18f97f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-viewcode-find/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+extensions = ['sphinx.ext.viewcode']
+exclude_patterns = ['_build']
+viewcode_follow_imported_members = False
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-viewcode-find/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-ext-viewcode-find/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7eb416a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-viewcode-find/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+viewcode
+========
+
+.. py:module:: not_a_package
+
+.. py:function:: func1(a, b)
+
+   This is func1
+
+.. py:function:: not_a_package.submodule.func1(a, b)
+
+   This is func1
+
+.. py:module:: not_a_package.submodule
+
+.. py:class:: Class1
+
+   This is Class1
+
+.. py:class:: Class3
+
+   This is Class3
+
+.. py:class:: not_a_package.submodule.Class1
+
+   This is Class1
+
+.. literalinclude:: not_a_package/__init__.py
+   :language: python
+   :pyobject: func1
+
+.. literalinclude:: not_a_package/submodule.py
+   :language: python
+   :pyobject: func1
+
+.. py:attribute:: not_a_package.submodule.Class3.class_attr
+
+   This is the class attribute class_attr
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-viewcode-find/not_a_package/__init__.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-viewcode-find/not_a_package/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2382935
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-viewcode-find/not_a_package/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+from .submodule import Class1, func1
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-viewcode-find/not_a_package/submodule.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-viewcode-find/not_a_package/submodule.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ba8be78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-viewcode-find/not_a_package/submodule.py
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+"""
+submodule
+"""
+raise RuntimeError('This module should not get imported')
+
+
+def decorator(f):
+    return f
+
+
+@decorator
+def func1(a, b):
+    """
+    this is func1
+    """
+    return a, b
+
+
+@decorator
+class Class1:
+    """
+    this is Class1
+    """
+
+
+class Class3:
+    """
+    this is Class3
+    """
+    class_attr = 42
+    """this is the class attribute class_attr"""
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-viewcode/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-viewcode/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5e07214
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-viewcode/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+import os
+import sys
+
+source_dir = os.path.abspath('.')
+if source_dir not in sys.path:
+    sys.path.insert(0, source_dir)
+extensions = ['sphinx.ext.autodoc', 'sphinx.ext.viewcode']
+exclude_patterns = ['_build']
+
+
+if 'test_linkcode' in tags:
+    extensions.remove('sphinx.ext.viewcode')
+    extensions.append('sphinx.ext.linkcode')
+
+    def linkcode_resolve(domain, info):
+        if domain == 'py':
+            fn = info['module'].replace('.', '/')
+            return "http://foobar/source/%s.py" % fn
+        elif domain == "js":
+            return "http://foobar/js/" + info['fullname']
+        elif domain in ("c", "cpp"):
+            return f"http://foobar/{domain}/{''.join(info['names'])}"
+        else:
+            raise AssertionError()
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-viewcode/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-ext-viewcode/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e7956e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-viewcode/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+viewcode
+========
+
+.. py:module:: spam
+
+.. autofunction:: func1
+
+.. autofunction:: func2
+
+.. autofunction:: spam.mod1.func1
+
+.. autofunction:: spam.mod2.func2
+
+.. autofunction:: Class1
+
+.. autofunction:: Class2
+
+.. autofunction:: spam.mod1.Class1
+
+.. autofunction:: spam.mod2.Class2
+
+
+.. literalinclude:: spam/__init__.py
+   :language: python
+   :pyobject: func1
+
+.. literalinclude:: spam/mod1.py
+   :language: python
+   :pyobject: func1
+
+.. autoclass:: spam.mod3.Class3
+   :members:
+
+.. automodule:: spam.mod3
+   :members:
+
+.. toctree::
+
+   objects
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-viewcode/objects.rst b/tests/roots/test-ext-viewcode/objects.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..114adbf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-viewcode/objects.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+Testing object descriptions
+===========================
+
+.. function:: func_without_module(a, b, *c[, d])
+
+   Does something.
+
+.. function:: func_without_body()
+
+.. function:: func_noindex
+   :no-index:
+
+.. function:: func_with_module
+   :module: foolib
+
+Referring to :func:`func with no index <func_noindex>`.
+Referring to :func:`nothing <>`.
+
+.. module:: mod
+   :synopsis: Module synopsis.
+   :platform: UNIX
+
+.. function:: func_in_module
+
+.. class:: Cls
+
+   .. method:: meth1
+
+   .. staticmethod:: meths
+
+   .. attribute:: attr
+
+.. explicit class given
+.. method:: Cls.meth2
+
+.. explicit module given
+.. exception:: Error(arg1, arg2)
+   :module: errmod
+
+.. data:: var
+
+
+.. currentmodule:: None
+
+.. function:: func_without_module2() -> annotation
+
+.. object:: long(parameter, \
+              list)
+            another one
+
+.. class:: TimeInt
+
+   Has only one parameter (triggers special behavior...)
+
+   :param moo: |test|
+   :type moo: |test|
+
+.. |test| replace:: Moo
+
+.. class:: Time(hour, minute, isdst)
+
+   :param year: The year.
+   :type year: TimeInt
+   :param TimeInt minute: The minute.
+   :param isdst: whether it's DST
+   :type isdst: * some complex
+                * expression
+   :returns: a new :class:`Time` instance
+   :rtype: :class:`Time`
+   :raises ValueError: if the values are out of range
+   :ivar int hour: like *hour*
+   :ivar minute: like *minute*
+   :vartype minute: int
+   :param hour: Some parameter
+   :type hour: DuplicateType
+   :param hour: Duplicate param.  Should not lead to crashes.
+   :type hour: DuplicateType
+   :param .Cls extcls: A class from another module.
+
+
+C items
+=======
+
+.. c:function:: Sphinx_DoSomething()
+
+.. c:member:: SphinxStruct.member
+
+.. c:macro:: SPHINX_USE_PYTHON
+
+.. c:type:: SphinxType
+
+.. c:var:: sphinx_global
+
+
+Javascript items
+================
+
+.. js:function:: foo()
+
+.. js:data:: bar
+
+.. documenting the method of any object
+.. js:function:: bar.baz(href, callback[, errback])
+
+   :param string href: The location of the resource.
+   :param callback: Gets called with the data returned by the resource.
+   :throws InvalidHref: If the `href` is invalid.
+   :returns: `undefined`
+
+.. js:attribute:: bar.spam
+
+References
+==========
+
+Referencing :class:`mod.Cls` or :Class:`mod.Cls` should be the same.
+
+With target: :c:func:`Sphinx_DoSomething()` (parentheses are handled),
+:c:member:`SphinxStruct.member`, :c:macro:`SPHINX_USE_PYTHON`,
+:c:type:`SphinxType *` (pointer is handled), :c:data:`sphinx_global`.
+
+Without target: :c:func:`CFunction`. :c:func:`!malloc`.
+
+:js:func:`foo()`
+:js:func:`foo`
+
+:js:data:`bar`
+:js:func:`bar.baz()`
+:js:func:`bar.baz`
+:js:func:`~bar.baz()`
+
+:js:attr:`bar.baz`
+
+
+Others
+======
+
+.. envvar:: HOME
+
+.. program:: python
+
+.. cmdoption:: -c command
+
+.. program:: perl
+
+.. cmdoption:: -c
+
+.. option:: +p
+
+Link to :option:`perl +p`.
+
+
+User markup
+===========
+
+.. userdesc:: myobj:parameter
+
+   Description of userdesc.
+
+
+Referencing :userdescrole:`myobj`.
+
+
+CPP domain
+==========
+
+.. cpp:class:: n::Array<T,d>
+
+   .. cpp:function:: T& operator[]( unsigned j )
+                     const T& operator[]( unsigned j ) const
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-viewcode/spam/__init__.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-viewcode/spam/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6219042
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-viewcode/spam/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+from .mod1 import Class1, func1
+from .mod2 import Class2, func2
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-viewcode/spam/mod1.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-viewcode/spam/mod1.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a078328
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-viewcode/spam/mod1.py
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+"""
+mod1
+"""
+
+
+def decorator(f):
+    return f
+
+
+@decorator
+def func1(a, b):
+    """
+    this is func1
+    """
+    return a, b
+
+
+@decorator
+class Class1:
+    """
+    this is Class1
+    """
+
+
+class Class3:
+    """
+    this is Class3
+    """
+    class_attr = 42
+    """this is the class attribute class_attr"""
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-viewcode/spam/mod2.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-viewcode/spam/mod2.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..72cb089
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-viewcode/spam/mod2.py
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+"""
+mod2
+"""
+
+
+def decorator(f):
+    return f
+
+
+@decorator
+def func2(a, b):
+    """
+    this is func2
+    """
+    return a, b
+
+
+@decorator
+class Class2:
+    """
+    this is Class2
+    """
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-ext-viewcode/spam/mod3.py b/tests/roots/test-ext-viewcode/spam/mod3.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..812c9b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-ext-viewcode/spam/mod3.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+from spam.mod1 import Class3
+
+__all__ = ('Class3',)
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-extensions/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-extensions/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9a3cbc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-extensions/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+import os
+import sys
+
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('.'))
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-extensions/read_parallel.py b/tests/roots/test-extensions/read_parallel.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a3e052f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-extensions/read_parallel.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+def setup(app):
+    return {
+        'parallel_read_safe': True
+    }
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-extensions/read_serial.py b/tests/roots/test-extensions/read_serial.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c55570a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-extensions/read_serial.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+def setup(app):
+    return {
+        'parallel_read_safe': False
+    }
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-extensions/write_parallel.py b/tests/roots/test-extensions/write_parallel.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ebc48ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-extensions/write_parallel.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+def setup(app):
+    return {
+        'parallel_write_safe': True,
+    }
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-extensions/write_serial.py b/tests/roots/test-extensions/write_serial.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..75494ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-extensions/write_serial.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+def setup(app):
+    return {
+        'parallel_write_safe': False
+    }
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-footnotes/bar.rst b/tests/roots/test-footnotes/bar.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..660c663
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-footnotes/bar.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+bar
+===
+
+Same footnote number [1]_ in bar.rst
+
+.. [1] footnote in bar
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-footnotes/baz.rst b/tests/roots/test-footnotes/baz.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af496c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-footnotes/baz.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+baz
+===
+
+Auto footnote number [#]_ in baz.rst
+
+.. [#] footnote in baz
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-footnotes/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-footnotes/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a45d22e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-footnotes/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+exclude_patterns = ['_build']
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-footnotes/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-footnotes/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2c5d0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-footnotes/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+===============
+test-footenotes
+===============
+
+.. toctree::
+
+   bar
+   baz
+
+.. contents::
+   :local:
+
+The section with a reference to [AuthorYear]_
+=============================================
+
+.. figure:: rimg.png
+
+   This is the figure caption with a reference to [AuthorYear]_.
+
+.. list-table:: The table title with a reference to [AuthorYear]_
+   :header-rows: 1
+
+   * - Header1
+     - Header2
+   * - Content
+     - Content
+
+.. rubric:: The rubric title with a reference to [AuthorYear]_
+
+.. [#] First
+
+* First footnote: [#]_
+* Second footnote: [1]_
+* `Sphinx <http://sphinx-doc.org/>`_
+* Third footnote: [#]_
+* Fourth footnote: [#named]_
+* `URL including tilde <http://sphinx-doc.org/~test/>`_
+* GitHub Page: `https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx <https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx>`_
+* Mailing list: `sphinx-dev@googlegroups.com <mailto:sphinx-dev@googlegroups.com>`_
+
+.. [AuthorYear] Author, Title, Year
+.. [1] Second
+.. [#] Third [#]_
+.. [#] Footnote inside footnote
+.. [#named] Fourth
+
+The section with a reference to [#]_
+=====================================
+
+.. [#] Footnote in section
+
+`URL in term <http://sphinx-doc.org/>`_
+    Description Description Description ...
+
+Footnote in term [#]_
+    Description Description Description ...
+
+    `Term in deflist <http://sphinx-doc.org/>`_
+        Description2
+
+.. [#] Footnote in term
+
+.. figure:: rimg.png
+
+   This is the figure caption with a footnote to [#]_.
+
+.. [#] Footnote in caption
+
+.. list-table:: footnote [#]_ in caption of normal table
+    :widths: 1 1
+    :header-rows: 1
+
+    * - name
+      - desc
+    * - a
+      - b
+    * - a
+      - b
+
+.. [#] Foot note in table
+
+.. list-table:: footnote [#]_ in caption [#]_ of longtable
+    :widths: 1 1
+    :header-rows: 1
+
+    * - name
+      - desc
+    * - This is a reference to the code-block in the footnote:
+        :ref:`codeblockinfootnote`
+      - This is one more footnote with some code in it [#]_.
+    * - This is a reference to the other code block:
+        :ref:`codeblockinanotherfootnote`
+      - b
+    * - a
+      - b
+    * - a
+      - b
+    * - a
+      - b
+    * - a
+      - b
+    * - a
+      - b
+    * - a
+      - b
+    * - a
+      - b
+    * - a
+      - b
+    * - a
+      - b
+    * - a
+      - b
+    * - a
+      - b
+    * - a
+      - b
+    * - a
+      - b
+    * - a
+      - b
+    * - a
+      - b
+    * - a
+      - b
+    * - a
+      - b
+    * - a
+      - b
+    * - a
+      - b
+    * - a
+      - b
+    * - a
+      - b
+    * - a
+      - b
+    * - a
+      - b
+    * - a
+      - b
+    * - a
+      - b
+    * - a
+      - b
+    * - a
+      - b
+    * - a
+      - b
+    * - a
+      - b
+    * - a
+      - b
+
+.. [#] Foot note in longtable
+
+.. [#] Second footnote in caption of longtable
+
+       .. code-block:: python
+          :caption: I am in a footnote
+          :name: codeblockinfootnote
+
+          def foo(x,y):
+              return x+y
+
+.. [#] Third footnote in longtable
+
+       .. code-block:: python
+          :caption: I am also in a footnote
+          :name: codeblockinanotherfootnote
+
+          def bar(x,y):
+              return x+y
+
+The section with an object description
+======================================
+
+.. py:function:: dummy(N)
+   :no-index:
+
+Footnotes referred twice
+========================
+
+* Explicitly numbered footnote: [100]_ [100]_
+* Named footnote: [#twice]_ [#twice]_
+
+.. [100] Numbered footnote
+.. [#twice] Named footnote
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-footnotes/rimg.png b/tests/roots/test-footnotes/rimg.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fda6cd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-footnotes/rimg.png
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-gettext-template/_templates/template1.html b/tests/roots/test-gettext-template/_templates/template1.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f4b49f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-gettext-template/_templates/template1.html
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+{% extends "layout.html" %}
+{% block body %}
+  <h1>{{ _('Template 1') }}</h1>
+  <p>{%trans%}This is Template 1.{%endtrans%}</p>
+{% endblock %}
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-gettext-template/_templates/template2.html b/tests/roots/test-gettext-template/_templates/template2.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2a21069
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-gettext-template/_templates/template2.html
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+{% extends "layout.html" %}
+{% block body %}
+  <h1>{{ _('Template 2') }}</h1>
+  <p>{%trans%}This is Template 2.{%endtrans%}</p>
+{% endblock %}
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-gettext-template/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-gettext-template/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3f793b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-gettext-template/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+templates_path = ['_templates']
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-gettext-template/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-gettext-template/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-gettext-template/index.rst
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-glossary/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-glossary/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-glossary/conf.py
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-glossary/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-glossary/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1d84a02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-glossary/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+test-glossary
+=============
+
+.. glossary::
+   :sorted:
+
+   boson
+      Particle with integer spin.
+
+   *fermion*
+      Particle with half-integer spin.
+
+   tauon
+   myon
+   electron
+      Examples for fermions.
+
+   über
+      Gewisse
+
+   ähnlich
+      Dinge
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-highlight_options/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-highlight_options/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..90997d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-highlight_options/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+highlight_options = {
+    'default': {'default_option': True},
+    'python': {'python_option': True}
+}
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-highlight_options/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-highlight_options/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..389041a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-highlight_options/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+test-highlight_options
+======================
+
+.. code-block::
+
+   blah blah blah
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   blah blah blah
+
+.. code-block:: java
+
+   blah blah blah
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-html_assets/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-html_assets/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7f94bbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-html_assets/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+project = 'Sphinx'
+version = '1.4.4'
+
+html_static_path = ['static', 'subdir']
+html_extra_path = ['extra', 'subdir']
+html_css_files = ['css/style.css',
+                  ('https://example.com/custom.css',
+                   {'title': 'title', 'media': 'print', 'priority': 400})]
+html_js_files = ['js/custom.js',
+                 ('https://example.com/script.js',
+                  {'async': 'async', 'priority': 400})]
+exclude_patterns = ['**/_build', '**/.htpasswd']
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-html_assets/extra/.htaccess b/tests/roots/test-html_assets/extra/.htaccess
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-html_assets/extra/.htaccess
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-html_assets/extra/.htpasswd b/tests/roots/test-html_assets/extra/.htpasswd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-html_assets/extra/.htpasswd
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-html_assets/extra/API.html_t b/tests/roots/test-html_assets/extra/API.html_t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..34ecd9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-html_assets/extra/API.html_t
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{{ project }}-{{ version }}
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-html_assets/extra/css/style.css b/tests/roots/test-html_assets/extra/css/style.css
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-html_assets/extra/css/style.css
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-html_assets/extra/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-html_assets/extra/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-html_assets/extra/index.rst
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-html_assets/extra/rimg.png b/tests/roots/test-html_assets/extra/rimg.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fda6cd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-html_assets/extra/rimg.png
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-html_assets/extra/subdir/.htaccess b/tests/roots/test-html_assets/extra/subdir/.htaccess
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-html_assets/extra/subdir/.htaccess
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-html_assets/extra/subdir/.htpasswd b/tests/roots/test-html_assets/extra/subdir/.htpasswd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-html_assets/extra/subdir/.htpasswd
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-html_assets/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-html_assets/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d56194
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-html_assets/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+test-html_extra_path
+=====================
+this is dummy content
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-html_assets/static/.htaccess b/tests/roots/test-html_assets/static/.htaccess
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-html_assets/static/.htaccess
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-html_assets/static/.htpasswd b/tests/roots/test-html_assets/static/.htpasswd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-html_assets/static/.htpasswd
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-html_assets/static/API.html_t b/tests/roots/test-html_assets/static/API.html_t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..34ecd9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-html_assets/static/API.html_t
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{{ project }}-{{ version }}
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-html_assets/static/css/style.css b/tests/roots/test-html_assets/static/css/style.css
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-html_assets/static/css/style.css
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-html_assets/static/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-html_assets/static/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-html_assets/static/index.rst
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-html_assets/static/js/custom.js b/tests/roots/test-html_assets/static/js/custom.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-html_assets/static/js/custom.js
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-html_assets/static/rimg.png b/tests/roots/test-html_assets/static/rimg.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fda6cd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-html_assets/static/rimg.png
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-html_assets/static/subdir/.htaccess b/tests/roots/test-html_assets/static/subdir/.htaccess
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-html_assets/static/subdir/.htaccess
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-html_assets/static/subdir/.htpasswd b/tests/roots/test-html_assets/static/subdir/.htpasswd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-html_assets/static/subdir/.htpasswd
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-html_assets/subdir/_build/index.html b/tests/roots/test-html_assets/subdir/_build/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-html_assets/subdir/_build/index.html
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-html_assets/subdir/background.png b/tests/roots/test-html_assets/subdir/background.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fda6cd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-html_assets/subdir/background.png
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-html_entity/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-html_entity/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..46bb290
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-html_entity/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+html_theme = 'classic'
+exclude_patterns = ['_build']
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-html_entity/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-html_entity/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..11f4f4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-html_entity/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+.. _index:
+
+test-html_entity (#3450)
+=========================
+
+Empty cell
+----------
+
+.. list-table::
+
+   - * un
+     *
+     * trois
+
+Return description in function signature
+----------------------------------------
+
+.. py:function:: test() -> string
+
+   rarr
+
+Field list that has long name (over 14 characters)
+--------------------------------------------------
+
+:abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz: fieldlist
+
+Option list that has long name (over 14 characters)
+---------------------------------------------------
+
+-a                 all
+-b long_long_file  use file
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-html_file_checksum/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-html_file_checksum/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f918814
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-html_file_checksum/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+html_static_path = ['static']
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-html_file_checksum/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-html_file_checksum/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-html_file_checksum/index.rst
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-html_file_checksum/static/empty.js b/tests/roots/test-html_file_checksum/static/empty.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-html_file_checksum/static/empty.js
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-html_file_checksum/static/script.js b/tests/roots/test-html_file_checksum/static/script.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9a21456
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-html_file_checksum/static/script.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+/* Script */
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-html_file_checksum/static/stylesheet-a.css b/tests/roots/test-html_file_checksum/static/stylesheet-a.css
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3a5d802
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-html_file_checksum/static/stylesheet-a.css
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+/* Stylesheet A */
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-html_file_checksum/static/stylesheet-b.css b/tests/roots/test-html_file_checksum/static/stylesheet-b.css
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad5ff28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-html_file_checksum/static/stylesheet-b.css
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+/* Stylesheet B */
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-html_scaled_image_link/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-html_scaled_image_link/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-html_scaled_image_link/conf.py
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-html_scaled_image_link/img.png b/tests/roots/test-html_scaled_image_link/img.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a97e86d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-html_scaled_image_link/img.png
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-html_scaled_image_link/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-html_scaled_image_link/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0e47940
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-html_scaled_image_link/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+test-html_scaled_image_link
+===========================
+
+.. image:: img.png
+
+.. image:: img.png
+   :scale: 50%
+
+.. image:: img.png
+   :scale: 50%
+   :class: no-scaled-link
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-html_signaturereturn_icon/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-html_signaturereturn_icon/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a695d18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-html_signaturereturn_icon/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+extensions = ['sphinx.ext.autodoc']
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-html_signaturereturn_icon/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-html_signaturereturn_icon/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4ff4eb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-html_signaturereturn_icon/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+test-html_signaturereturn_icon
+==============================
+
+.. py:function:: foo(a: bool, b: int) -> str
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-html_style/_static/default.css b/tests/roots/test-html_style/_static/default.css
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-html_style/_static/default.css
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-html_style/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-html_style/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..df1b310
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-html_style/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+html_style = 'default.css'
+html_static_path = ['_static']
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-html_style/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-html_style/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d8aef48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-html_style/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+html_style
+==========
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-image-escape/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-image-escape/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-image-escape/conf.py
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-image-escape/img_#1.png b/tests/roots/test-image-escape/img_#1.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a97e86d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-image-escape/img_#1.png
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-image-escape/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-image-escape/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..723bf43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-image-escape/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Sphinx image handling
+=====================
+
+.. an image with a character that is valid in a local file path but not a URL
+.. image:: img_#1.png
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-image-in-parsed-literal/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-image-in-parsed-literal/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5d06da6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-image-in-parsed-literal/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+exclude_patterns = ['_build']
+
+rst_epilog = '''
+.. |picture| image:: pic.png
+    :height: 1cm
+    :scale: 200%
+    :align: middle
+    :alt: alternative_text
+'''
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-image-in-parsed-literal/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-image-in-parsed-literal/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..80e1008
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-image-in-parsed-literal/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+test-image-in-parsed-literal
+============================
+
+Dummy text
+
+.. parsed-literal::
+
+   |picture|\ AFTER
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-image-in-parsed-literal/pic.png b/tests/roots/test-image-in-parsed-literal/pic.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fda6cd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-image-in-parsed-literal/pic.png
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-image-in-section/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-image-in-section/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9cb250c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-image-in-section/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+exclude_patterns = ['_build']
+
+rst_epilog = '''
+.. |picture| image:: pic.png
+    :width: 15pt
+    :height: 15pt
+    :alt: alternative_text
+'''
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-image-in-section/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-image-in-section/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..08416d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-image-in-section/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+test-image-in-section
+=====================
+this is dummy content
+
+
+|picture| Test section
+----------------------
+blah blah blah
+
+
+Another section
+---------------
+another blah
+
+
+Other [blah] |picture| section
+------------------------------
+other blah
+
+|picture|
+---------
+blah blah blah
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-image-in-section/pic.png b/tests/roots/test-image-in-section/pic.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fda6cd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-image-in-section/pic.png
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-images/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-images/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-images/conf.py
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-images/img.gif b/tests/roots/test-images/img.gif
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8f02686
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-images/img.gif
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-images/img.ja.png b/tests/roots/test-images/img.ja.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a97e86d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-images/img.ja.png
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-images/img.pdf b/tests/roots/test-images/img.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cacbd85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-images/img.pdf
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-images/img.png b/tests/roots/test-images/img.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a97e86d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-images/img.png
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-images/img.zh.png b/tests/roots/test-images/img.zh.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a97e86d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-images/img.zh.png
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-images/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-images/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..14a2987
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-images/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+test-image
+==========
+
+.. image:: rimg.png
+
+.. figure:: rimg.png
+
+   The caption of pic
+
+.. image:: img.*
+
+.. figure:: img.*
+
+   The caption of img
+
+.. image:: testimäge.png
+
+.. image:: rimg.png
+   :target: https://www.sphinx-doc.org/
+
+.. image:: rimg.png
+   :align: center
+   :target: https://www.python.org/
+
+.. a remote image
+.. image:: https://www.python.org/static/img/python-logo.png
+
+.. non-exist remote image
+.. image:: https://www.google.com/NOT_EXIST.PNG
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-images/rimg.png b/tests/roots/test-images/rimg.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fda6cd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-images/rimg.png
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-images/rimg.png.xx b/tests/roots/test-images/rimg.png.xx
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1081dc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-images/rimg.png.xx
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-images/rimg.xx.png b/tests/roots/test-images/rimg.xx.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fda6cd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-images/rimg.xx.png
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-images/subdir/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-images/subdir/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..72e742c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-images/subdir/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+test-images/subdir
+==================
+
+.. image:: rimg.png
+
+.. image:: svgimg.*
+
+.. figure:: svgimg.*
+
+   The caption of svgimg
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-images/subdir/rimg.png b/tests/roots/test-images/subdir/rimg.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fda6cd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-images/subdir/rimg.png
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-images/subdir/rimg.xx.png b/tests/roots/test-images/subdir/rimg.xx.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fda6cd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-images/subdir/rimg.xx.png
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-images/subdir/svgimg.pdf b/tests/roots/test-images/subdir/svgimg.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cacbd85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-images/subdir/svgimg.pdf
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-images/subdir/svgimg.svg b/tests/roots/test-images/subdir/svgimg.svg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2bae0b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-images/subdir/svgimg.svg
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" height="60" width="60">
+    <circle cx="40" cy="40" r="24" style="stroke:#000000; fill:#ffffff"/>
+</svg>
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-images/subdir/svgimg.xx.svg b/tests/roots/test-images/subdir/svgimg.xx.svg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2bae0b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-images/subdir/svgimg.xx.svg
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" height="60" width="60">
+    <circle cx="40" cy="40" r="24" style="stroke:#000000; fill:#ffffff"/>
+</svg>
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-images/testimäge.png b/tests/roots/test-images/testimäge.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a97e86d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-images/testimäge.png
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-index_on_title/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-index_on_title/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-index_on_title/conf.py
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-index_on_title/contents.rst b/tests/roots/test-index_on_title/contents.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8256c42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-index_on_title/contents.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+index_on_title
+==============
+
+Test for :index:`index` in top level title
+------------------------------------------
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-inheritance/basic_diagram.rst b/tests/roots/test-inheritance/basic_diagram.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4c3838e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-inheritance/basic_diagram.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Basic Diagram
+==============
+
+.. inheritance-diagram::
+    dummy.test
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-inheritance/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-inheritance/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..26cadca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-inheritance/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+import os
+import sys
+
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('.'))
+
+extensions = ['sphinx.ext.inheritance_diagram']
+source_suffix = '.rst'
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-inheritance/diagram_module_w_2_top_classes.rst b/tests/roots/test-inheritance/diagram_module_w_2_top_classes.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cc4365e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-inheritance/diagram_module_w_2_top_classes.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+Diagram using module with 2 top classes
+=======================================
+
+.. inheritance-diagram::
+    dummy.test
+    :top-classes: dummy.test.B, dummy.test.C
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-inheritance/diagram_w_1_top_class.rst b/tests/roots/test-inheritance/diagram_w_1_top_class.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..97da825
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-inheritance/diagram_w_1_top_class.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+Diagram using 1 top class
+=========================
+
+.. inheritance-diagram::
+    dummy.test
+    :top-classes: dummy.test.B
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-inheritance/diagram_w_2_top_classes.rst b/tests/roots/test-inheritance/diagram_w_2_top_classes.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a6ae58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-inheritance/diagram_w_2_top_classes.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+Diagram using 2 top classes
+===========================
+
+.. inheritance-diagram::
+    dummy.test.F
+    dummy.test.D
+    dummy.test.E
+    :top-classes: dummy.test.B, dummy.test.C
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-inheritance/diagram_w_nested_classes.rst b/tests/roots/test-inheritance/diagram_w_nested_classes.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7fa0217
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-inheritance/diagram_w_nested_classes.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Diagram with Nested Classes
+===========================
+
+.. inheritance-diagram::
+    dummy.test_nested
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-inheritance/diagram_w_parts.rst b/tests/roots/test-inheritance/diagram_w_parts.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..65a8318
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-inheritance/diagram_w_parts.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+Diagram using the parts option
+==============================
+
+.. inheritance-diagram::
+    dummy.test
+    :parts: 1
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-inheritance/dummy/__init__.py b/tests/roots/test-inheritance/dummy/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-inheritance/dummy/__init__.py
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-inheritance/dummy/test.py b/tests/roots/test-inheritance/dummy/test.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..12fe8d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-inheritance/dummy/test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+r"""
+
+    Test with a class diagram like this::
+
+           A
+          / \
+         B   C
+        / \ / \
+       E   D   F
+
+"""
+
+
+class A:
+    pass
+
+
+class B(A):
+    pass
+
+
+class C(A):
+    pass
+
+
+class D(B, C):
+    pass
+
+
+class E(B):
+    pass
+
+
+class F(C):
+    pass
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-inheritance/dummy/test_nested.py b/tests/roots/test-inheritance/dummy/test_nested.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4b68018
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-inheritance/dummy/test_nested.py
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+"""Test with nested classes.
+"""
+
+
+class A:
+    class B:
+        pass
+
+
+class C(A.B):
+    pass
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-inheritance/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-inheritance/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..db4fbac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-inheritance/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+.. toctree::
+    :glob:
+
+    *
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/_templates/contents.html b/tests/roots/test-intl/_templates/contents.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d730545
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/_templates/contents.html
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{% extends "layout.html" %}
+{% block body %}
+  <h1>{{ _('Welcome') }}</h1>
+  <p>{%trans%}Sphinx {{ version }}{%endtrans%}</p>
+{% endblock %}
+
+{% block comment %}
+utf-8 encoded string: ニシキヘビ
+{% endblock %}
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/admonitions.txt b/tests/roots/test-intl/admonitions.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a539461
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/admonitions.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+:tocdepth: 2
+
+Admonitions
+==================
+.. #1206 gettext did not translate admonition directive's title
+
+.. attention:: attention title
+
+   attention body
+
+.. caution:: caution title
+
+   caution body
+
+.. danger:: danger title
+
+   danger body
+
+.. error:: error title
+
+   error body
+
+.. hint:: hint title
+
+   hint body
+
+.. important:: important title
+
+   important body
+
+.. note:: note title
+
+   note body
+
+.. tip:: tip title
+
+   tip body
+
+.. warning:: warning title
+
+   warning body
+
+.. admonition:: admonition title
+
+   admonition body
+
+.. admonition:: 1. admonition title
+
+   admonition body
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/bom.txt b/tests/roots/test-intl/bom.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3fea824
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/bom.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+File with UTF-8 BOM
+===================
+
+This file has a UTF-8 "BOM".
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-intl/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..96ac664
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+project = 'Sphinx intl <Tests>'
+source_suffix = '.txt'
+keep_warnings = True
+templates_path = ['_templates']
+html_additional_pages = {'contents': 'contents.html'}
+release = version = '2013.120'
+gettext_additional_targets = ['index']
+exclude_patterns = ['_build']
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/definition_terms.txt b/tests/roots/test-intl/definition_terms.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4c56288
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/definition_terms.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+:tocdepth: 2
+
+i18n with definition terms
+==========================
+
+Some term
+   The corresponding definition
+
+Some *term* `with link <http://sphinx-doc.org/>`__
+   The corresponding definition #2
+
+Some **term** with : classifier1  : classifier2
+   The corresponding definition
+
+Some term with : classifier[]
+   The corresponding definition
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/docfields.txt b/tests/roots/test-intl/docfields.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b1b3c89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/docfields.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+:tocdepth: 2
+
+i18n with docfields
+===================
+
+.. single TypedField
+
+.. class:: Cls1
+   :no-index:
+
+   :param param: description of parameter param
+
+.. grouped TypedFields
+
+.. class:: Cls2
+   :no-index:
+
+   :param foo: description of parameter foo
+   :param bar: description of parameter bar
+
+
+.. single GroupedField
+
+.. class:: Cls3(values)
+   :no-index:
+
+   :raises ValueError: if the values are out of range
+
+.. grouped GroupedFields
+
+.. class:: Cls4(values)
+   :no-index:
+
+   :raises TypeError: if the values are not valid
+   :raises ValueError: if the values are out of range
+
+
+.. single Field
+
+.. class:: Cls5
+   :no-index:
+
+   :returns: a new :class:`Cls3` instance
+
+.. Field is never grouped
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/external_links.txt b/tests/roots/test-intl/external_links.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1cecbee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/external_links.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+:tocdepth: 2
+
+i18n with external links
+========================
+.. #1044 external-links-dont-work-in-localized-html
+
+External link to Python_.
+
+Internal link to `i18n with external links`_.
+
+Inline link by `Sphinx Site <http://sphinx-doc.org>`_.
+
+Unnamed link__.
+
+.. _Python: http://python.org/index.html
+.. __: http://google.com
+
+
+link target swapped translation
+================================
+
+link to external1_ and external2_.
+
+link to `Sphinx Site <http://sphinx-doc.org>`_ and `Python Site <http://python.org>`_.
+
+.. _external1: https://www.google.com/external1
+.. _external2: https://www.google.com/external2
+
+
+Multiple references in the same line
+=====================================
+
+Link to `Sphinx Site <http://sphinx-doc.org>`_, `Python Site <http://python.org>`_, Python_, Unnamed__ and `i18n with external links`_.
+
+.. __: http://google.com
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/figure.txt b/tests/roots/test-intl/figure.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..633e12e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/figure.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+:tocdepth: 2
+
+i18n with figure caption
+========================
+
+.. figure:: i18n.png
+
+   My caption of the figure
+
+   My description paragraph1 of the figure.
+
+   My description paragraph2 of the figure.
+
+figure in the block
+---------------------
+
+block
+
+   .. figure:: i18n.png
+
+      My caption of the figure
+
+      My description paragraph1 of the figure.
+
+      My description paragraph2 of the figure.
+
+
+image url and alt
+-------------------
+
+.. image:: i18n.png
+   :alt: i18n
+
+.. figure:: img.png
+   :alt: img
+
+
+image on substitution
+---------------------
+
+.. |sub image| image:: i18n.png
+
+image under note
+-----------------
+
+.. note::
+
+   .. image:: i18n.png
+      :alt: i18n under note
+
+   .. figure:: img.png
+      :alt: img under note
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/footnote.txt b/tests/roots/test-intl/footnote.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0bbed91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/footnote.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+:tocdepth: 2
+
+i18n with Footnote
+==================
+.. #955 cant-build-html-with-footnotes-when-using
+
+[100]_ Contents [#]_ for `i18n with Footnote`_ [ref]_ [#named]_ [*]_.
+second footnote_ref [100]_.
+
+.. [#] This is a auto numbered footnote.
+.. [ref] This is a named footnote.
+.. [100] This is a numbered footnote.
+.. [#named] This is a auto numbered named footnote.
+.. [*] This is a auto symbol footnote.
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/glossary_terms.txt b/tests/roots/test-intl/glossary_terms.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..473d857
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/glossary_terms.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+:tocdepth: 2
+
+i18n with glossary terms
+========================
+
+.. glossary::
+
+   Some term
+      The corresponding glossary
+
+   Some other term
+      The corresponding glossary #2
+
+link to :term:`Some term`.
+
+Translated glossary should be sorted by translated terms:
+
+.. glossary::
+   :sorted:
+
+   AAA
+      Define AAA
+
+   CCC
+   EEE
+      Define CCC
+
+   BBB
+      Define BBB
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/glossary_terms_inconsistency.txt b/tests/roots/test-intl/glossary_terms_inconsistency.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..837411b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/glossary_terms_inconsistency.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+:tocdepth: 2
+
+i18n with glossary terms inconsistency
+======================================
+
+1. link to :term:`Some term` and :term:`Some other term`.
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/i18n.png b/tests/roots/test-intl/i18n.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a97e86d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/i18n.png
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/img.png b/tests/roots/test-intl/img.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a97e86d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/img.png
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/index.txt b/tests/roots/test-intl/index.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9de15d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/index.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+CONTENTS
+========
+
+.. meta::
+   :description: testdata for i18n
+   :keywords: i18n, sphinx, markup
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 2
+   :numbered:
+   :caption: Table of Contents
+
+   subdir/index
+   bom
+   warnings
+   footnote
+   external_links
+   refs_inconsistency
+   literalblock
+   seealso
+   definition_terms
+   figure
+   index_entries
+   role_xref
+   glossary_terms
+   glossary_terms_inconsistency
+   versionchange
+   docfields
+   raw
+   refs
+   section
+   translation_progress
+   topic
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 2
+   :caption: Hidden Toc
+   :hidden:
+
+   only
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/index_entries.txt b/tests/roots/test-intl/index_entries.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e9300d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/index_entries.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+:tocdepth: 2
+
+i18n with index entries
+=======================
+
+.. index::
+   single: Mailing List
+   pair: Newsletter; Recipients List
+
+index target section
+--------------------
+
+this is :index:`Newsletter` target paragraph.
+
+
+various index entries
+---------------------
+
+.. index::
+   triple: First; Second; Third
+   see: Entry; Mailing List
+   seealso: See; Newsletter
+
+That's all.
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/label_target.txt b/tests/roots/test-intl/label_target.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac00084
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/label_target.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+:tocdepth: 2
+
+.. _implicit-target:
+
+section and label
+==================
+
+.. This section's label and section title are different.
+.. This case, the section have 2 target id.
+
+:ref:`implicit-target` point to ``implicit-target`` and
+`section and label`_ point to ``section-and-label``.
+
+
+.. _explicit-target:
+
+explicit-target
+================
+
+.. This section's label equals to section title.
+.. This case, a duplicated target id is generated by docutils.
+
+:ref:`explicit-target` point to ``explicit-target`` and
+`explicit-target`_ point to duplicated id like ``id1``.
+
+
+implicit section name
+======================
+
+.. This section have no label.
+.. This case, the section have one id.
+
+`implicit section name`_ point to ``implicit-section-name``.
+
+duplicated sub section
+------------------------
+
+.. This section have no label, but name will be duplicated by next section.
+.. This case, the section have one id.
+
+`duplicated sub section`_ is broken link.
+
+.. There is no way to link to this section's ``duplicated-sub-section``` by
+.. using formal reStructuredText markup.
+
+duplicated sub section
+------------------------
+
+.. This section have no label, but the section was a duplicate name.
+.. This case, a duplicated target id is generated by docutils.
+
+.. There is no way to link to this section's duplicated id like ``id2`` by
+.. using formal reStructuredText markup.
+
+
+.. _bridge label: `label bridged target section`_
+.. _bridge label2: `section and label`_
+
+label bridged target section
+=============================
+
+.. This section is targeted through label definition.
+
+`bridge label`_ is not translatable but linked to translated section title.
+
+`bridge label2`_ point to ``section and label`` and `bridge label`_ point to ``label bridged target section``. The second appeared `bridge label2`_ point to correct target.
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/literalblock.txt b/tests/roots/test-intl/literalblock.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..583b5b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/literalblock.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+:tocdepth: 2
+
+i18n with literal block
+=========================
+
+Correct literal block::
+
+   this is
+   literal block
+
+Missing literal block::
+
+That's all.
+
+.. literalinclude:: raw.txt
+   :caption: included raw.txt
+
+code blocks
+==============
+
+.. highlight:: ruby
+
+::
+
+   def main
+      'result'
+   end
+
+::
+
+   #include <stdlib.h>
+   int main(int argc, char** argv)
+   {
+       return 0;
+   }
+
+.. code-block:: c
+   :caption: example of C language
+
+   #include <stdio.h>
+   int main(int argc, char** argv)
+   {
+       return 0;
+   }
+
+
+* ::
+
+      literal-block
+      in list
+
+.. highlight:: none
+
+::
+
+   test_code_for_noqa()
+   continued()
+
+
+doctest blocks
+==============
+
+.. highlight:: python
+
+>>> import sys  # sys importing
+>>> def main():  # define main function
+...     sys.stdout.write('hello')  # call write method of stdout object
+>>>
+>>> if __name__ == '__main__':  # if run this py file as python script
+...     main()  # call main
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/noqa.txt b/tests/roots/test-intl/noqa.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..004b301
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/noqa.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+First section
+=============
+
+Some text with a reference, :ref:`next-section`.
+
+Another reference: :ref:`next-section`.
+
+This should allow to test escaping ``#noqa``.
+
+.. _next-section:
+
+Next section
+============
+
+Some text, again referring to the section: :ref:`next-section`.
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/only.txt b/tests/roots/test-intl/only.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c8990e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/only.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+Only directive
+--------------
+
+.. only:: html
+
+   In HTML.
+
+.. only:: latex
+
+   In LaTeX.
+
+.. only:: html or latex
+
+   In both.
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/raw.txt b/tests/roots/test-intl/raw.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fe77f6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/raw.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+===
+Raw
+===
+
+.. raw:: html
+
+   <iframe src="http://sphinx-doc.org"></iframe>
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/refs.txt b/tests/roots/test-intl/refs.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a094b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/refs.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+References
+===========
+
+Translation Tips
+-----------------
+
+.. _download Sphinx: https://pypi.org/project/Sphinx/
+.. _Docutils site: https://docutils.sourceforge.io/
+.. _Sphinx site: http://sphinx-doc.org/
+
+
+A-1. Here's how you can `download Sphinx`_.
+
+A-2. Here's how you can `download Sphinx`_.
+
+A-3. Here's how you can `download Sphinx`_.
+
+B-1. `Docutils site`_ and `Sphinx site`_.
+
+B-2. `Docutils site`_ and `Sphinx site`_.
+
+B-3. `Docutils site`_ and `Sphinx site`_.
+
+B-4. `Docutils site`_ and `Sphinx site`_.
+
+C-1. Link to `Translation Tips`_ section.
+
+C-2. Link to `Translation Tips`_ section.
+
+C-3. Link to `Translation Tips`_ section.
+
+C-4. Link to `Translation Tips`_ section.
+
+C-5. Link to `Translation Tips`_ section.
+
+D-1. Link to `Translation Tips`_ and `Next Section`_ section.
+
+D-2. Link to `Translation Tips`_ and `Next Section`_ section.
+
+D-3. Link to `Translation Tips`_ and `Next Section`_ section.
+
+D-4. Link to `Translation Tips`_ and `Next Section`_ section.
+
+D-5. Link to `Translation Tips`_ and `Next Section`_ section.
+
+Next Section
+-------------
+Last updated |today|.
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/refs_inconsistency.txt b/tests/roots/test-intl/refs_inconsistency.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b16623a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/refs_inconsistency.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+:tocdepth: 2
+
+i18n with refs inconsistency
+=============================
+
+* [100]_ for [#]_ citation [ref2]_.
+* for reference_.
+* normal text.
+
+.. [#] This is a auto numbered footnote.
+.. [ref2] This is a citation.
+.. [100] This is a numbered footnote.
+.. _reference: http://www.example.com
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/refs_python_domain.txt b/tests/roots/test-intl/refs_python_domain.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2b021f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/refs_python_domain.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+:tocdepth: 2
+
+i18n with python domain refs
+=============================
+
+.. currentmodule:: sensitive
+
+See this decorator: :func:`sensitive_variables`.
+
+.. function:: sensitive_variables(*variables)
+
+   Some description
+
+.. currentmodule:: reporting
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/role_xref.txt b/tests/roots/test-intl/role_xref.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2919b5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/role_xref.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+:tocdepth: 2
+
+.. _i18n-role-xref:
+
+i18n role xref
+==============
+
+link to :term:`Some term`, :ref:`i18n-role-xref`, :doc:`index`.
+
+.. _same-type-links:
+
+same type links
+=================
+
+link to :term:`Some term` and :term:`Some other term`.
+
+link to :ref:`i18n-role-xref`, :ref:`same-type-links` and :ref:`label <same-type-links>`.
+
+link to :doc:`index` and :doc:`glossary_terms`.
+
+link to :option:`-m` and :option:`--module`.
+
+link to :envvar:`env1` and :envvar:`env2`.
+
+link to :token:`token1` and :token:`token2`.
+
+link to :keyword:`i18n-role-xref` and :keyword:`same-type-links`.
+
+
+.. option:: -m <module>
+
+.. option:: --module <module>
+
+.. envvar:: env1
+
+.. envvar:: env2
+
+.. productionlist::
+   token_stmt: `token1` ":" `token2`
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/rubric.txt b/tests/roots/test-intl/rubric.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f285d49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/rubric.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+:tocdepth: 2
+
+i18n with rubric
+================
+
+.. rubric:: rubric title
+
+rubric in the block
+-------------------
+
+block
+
+   .. rubric:: rubric title
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/section.txt b/tests/roots/test-intl/section.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ae0604c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/section.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+1. Section
+==========
+
+.. contents:: 3. Contents Title
+   :local:
+
+2. Sub Section
+--------------
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/seealso.txt b/tests/roots/test-intl/seealso.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed88599
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/seealso.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+:tocdepth: 2
+
+i18n with seealso
+============================
+.. #960 directive-seelaso-ignored-in-the-gettext
+
+.. seealso:: short text 1
+
+.. seealso::
+
+   long text 1
+
+.. seealso:: short text 2
+
+   long text 2
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/subdir/index.txt b/tests/roots/test-intl/subdir/index.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7578ce3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/subdir/index.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+subdir contents
+===============
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/table.txt b/tests/roots/test-intl/table.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf82438
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/table.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+:tocdepth: 2
+
+i18n with table
+===============
+
+.. table:: table caption
+
+   ======= =======
+   header1 header2
+   ------- -------
+   text1   text2
+   text3   text4
+   text5   text6
+   ======= =======
+
+.. table:: 1. table caption
+
+   +-----+
+   |text1|
+   +-----+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/toctree.txt b/tests/roots/test-intl/toctree.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..35c956a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/toctree.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+i18n with toctree
+=================
+
+.. toctree::
+   :caption: caption
+
+   figure <figure>
+   table
+   https://www.sphinx-doc.org/
+   self
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/topic.txt b/tests/roots/test-intl/topic.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..255a334
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/topic.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+:tocdepth: 2
+
+i18n with topic
+================
+
+.. topic:: Topic Title
+
+   Topic Content
+
+.. topic:: 1. Topic Title
+
+   Topic Content
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/translation_progress.txt b/tests/roots/test-intl/translation_progress.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f70ab7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/translation_progress.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+Translation Progress
+====================
+
+When, in disgrace with fortune and men’s eyes,
+
+I all alone beweep my outcast state,
+
+And trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries,
+
+And look upon myself, and curse my fate,
+
+Wishing me like to one more rich in hope,
+
+Featur’d like him, like him with friends possess’d,
+
+Desiring this man’s art and that man’s scope,
+
+With what I most enjoy contented least;
+
+.. idempotent translations (2 out of 14 lines):
+
+Yet in these thoughts myself almost despising,
+
+Haply I think on thee, and then my state,
+
+.. untranslated (2 out of 14 lines):
+
+Like to the lark at break of day arising
+
+From sullen earth, sings hymns at heaven’s gate;
+
+.. translation missing (2 out of 14 lines):
+
+For thy sweet love remember’d such wealth brings
+
+That then I scorn to change my state with kings.
+
+.. translation progress substitution
+
+|translation progress|
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/versionchange.txt b/tests/roots/test-intl/versionchange.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4c57e14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/versionchange.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+:tocdepth: 2
+
+i18n with versionchange
+============================
+
+.. deprecated:: 1.0
+   This is the *first* paragraph of deprecated.
+
+   This is the *second* paragraph of deprecated.
+
+.. versionadded:: 1.0
+   This is the *first* paragraph of versionadded.
+
+.. versionchanged:: 1.0
+
+   This is the *first* paragraph of versionchanged.
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/warnings.txt b/tests/roots/test-intl/warnings.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a80fe18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/warnings.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+i18n with reST warnings
+========================
+
+line of ``literal`` markup.
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/admonitions.po b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/admonitions.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f114e33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/admonitions.po
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
+# Copyright (C) 2013, test_intl
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the foo package.
+# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
+#
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: sphinx 1.2\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2013-07-03 12:00+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
+"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
+"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+msgid "Admonitions"
+msgstr "ADMONITIONS"
+
+msgid "attention title"
+msgstr "ATTENTION TITLE"
+
+msgid "attention body"
+msgstr "ATTENTION BODY"
+
+msgid "caution title"
+msgstr "CAUTION TITLE"
+
+msgid "caution body"
+msgstr "CAUTION BODY"
+
+msgid "danger title"
+msgstr "DANGER TITLE"
+
+msgid "danger body"
+msgstr "DANGER BODY"
+
+msgid "error title"
+msgstr "ERROR TITLE"
+
+msgid "error body"
+msgstr "ERROR BODY"
+
+msgid "hint title"
+msgstr "HINT TITLE"
+
+msgid "hint body"
+msgstr "HINT BODY"
+
+msgid "important title"
+msgstr "IMPORTANT TITLE"
+
+msgid "important body"
+msgstr "IMPORTANT BODY"
+
+msgid "note title"
+msgstr "NOTE TITLE"
+
+msgid "note body"
+msgstr "NOTE BODY"
+
+msgid "tip title"
+msgstr "TIP TITLE"
+
+msgid "tip body"
+msgstr "TIP BODY"
+
+msgid "warning title"
+msgstr "WARNING TITLE"
+
+msgid "warning body"
+msgstr "WARNING BODY"
+
+msgid "admonition title"
+msgstr "ADMONITION TITLE"
+
+msgid "admonition body"
+msgstr "ADMONITION BODY"
+
+msgid "1. admonition title"
+msgstr "1. ADMONITION TITLE"
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/bom.po b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/bom.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c6025eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/bom.po
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+msgid "File with UTF-8 BOM"
+msgstr "Datei mit UTF-8"
+
+msgid "This file has a UTF-8 \"BOM\"."
+msgstr "This file has umlauts: äöü."
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/definition_terms.po b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/definition_terms.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1752dd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/definition_terms.po
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.

+# Copyright (C) 2012, foof

+# This file is distributed under the same license as the foo package.

+# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.

+#

+#, fuzzy

+msgid ""

+msgstr ""

+"Project-Id-Version: sphinx 1.0\n"

+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"

+"POT-Creation-Date: 2013-01-01 05:00+0000\n"

+"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"

+"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"

+"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"

+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"

+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"

+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"

+

+msgid "i18n with definition terms"

+msgstr "I18N WITH DEFINITION TERMS"

+

+msgid "Some term"

+msgstr "SOME TERM"

+

+msgid "The corresponding definition"

+msgstr "THE CORRESPONDING DEFINITION"

+

+msgid "Some *term* `with link <http://sphinx-doc.org/>`__"

+msgstr "SOME *TERM* `WITH LINK <http://sphinx-doc.org/>`__"

+

+msgid "The corresponding definition #2"

+msgstr "THE CORRESPONDING DEFINITION #2"

+

+msgid "Some **term** with"

+msgstr "SOME **TERM** WITH"

+

+msgid "classifier1"

+msgstr "CLASSIFIER1"

+

+msgid "classifier2"

+msgstr "CLASSIFIER2"

+

+msgid "Some term with"

+msgstr "SOME TERM WITH"

+

+msgid "classifier[]"

+msgstr "CLASSIFIER[]"

diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/docfields.po b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/docfields.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8c3b8f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/docfields.po
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
+# Copyright (C) 2010, Georg Brandl & Team
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the Sphinx <Tests> package.
+# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
+#
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: Sphinx <Tests> 0.6\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-12-16 14:11+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2012-12-18 06:14+0900\n"
+"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
+"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+msgid "i18n with docfields"
+msgstr "I18N WITH DOCFIELDS"
+
+msgid "description of parameter param"
+msgstr "DESCRIPTION OF PARAMETER param"
+
+msgid "description of parameter foo"
+msgstr "DESCRIPTION OF PARAMETER foo"
+
+msgid "description of parameter bar"
+msgstr "DESCRIPTION OF PARAMETER bar"
+
+msgid "if the values are not valid"
+msgstr "IF THE VALUES ARE NOT VALID"
+
+msgid "if the values are out of range"
+msgstr "IF THE VALUES ARE OUT OF RANGE"
+
+msgid "a new :class:`Cls3` instance"
+msgstr "A NEW :class:`Cls3` INSTANCE"
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/external_links.po b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/external_links.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8c53abb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/external_links.po
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
+# Copyright (C) 2012, foof
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the foo package.
+# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
+#
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: sphinx 1.0\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-11-22 08:28+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
+"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
+"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+msgid "i18n with external links"
+msgstr "EXTERNAL LINKS"
+
+msgid "External link to Python_."
+msgstr "EXTERNAL LINK TO Python_."
+
+msgid "Internal link to `i18n with external links`_."
+msgstr "`EXTERNAL LINKS`_ IS INTERNAL LINK."
+
+msgid "Inline link by `Sphinx Site <http://sphinx-doc.org>`_."
+msgstr "INLINE LINK BY `THE SPHINX SITE <http://sphinx-doc.org>`_."
+
+msgid "Unnamed link__."
+msgstr "UNNAMED LINK__."
+
+msgid "link target swapped translation"
+msgstr "LINK TARGET SWAPPED TRANSLATION"
+
+msgid "link to external1_ and external2_."
+msgstr "LINK TO external2_ AND external1_."
+
+msgid "link to `Sphinx Site <http://sphinx-doc.org>`_ and `Python Site <http://python.org>`_."
+msgstr "LINK TO `THE PYTHON SITE <http://python.org>`_ AND `THE SPHINX SITE <http://sphinx-doc.org>`_."
+
+msgid "Multiple references in the same line"
+msgstr "MULTIPLE REFERENCES IN THE SAME LINE"
+
+msgid "Link to `Sphinx Site <http://sphinx-doc.org>`_, `Python Site <http://python.org>`_, Python_, Unnamed__ and `i18n with external links`_."
+msgstr "LINK TO `EXTERNAL LINKS`_, Python_, `THE SPHINX SITE <http://sphinx-doc.org>`_, UNNAMED__ AND `THE PYTHON SITE <http://python.org>`_."
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/figure.po b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/figure.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..64bbdf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/figure.po
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
+# Copyright (C) 2012, foof
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the foo package.
+# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
+#
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: sphinx 1.0\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2013-01-04 07:00+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
+"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
+"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+msgid "i18n with figure caption"
+msgstr "I18N WITH FIGURE CAPTION"
+
+msgid "My caption of the figure"
+msgstr "MY CAPTION OF THE FIGURE"
+
+msgid "My description paragraph1 of the figure."
+msgstr "MY DESCRIPTION PARAGRAPH1 OF THE FIGURE."
+
+msgid "My description paragraph2 of the figure."
+msgstr "MY DESCRIPTION PARAGRAPH2 OF THE FIGURE."
+
+msgid "figure in the block"
+msgstr "FIGURE IN THE BLOCK"
+
+msgid "block"
+msgstr "BLOCK"
+
+msgid "image url and alt"
+msgstr "IMAGE URL AND ALT"
+
+msgid "img"
+msgstr "IMG -> I18N"
+
+msgid ".. image:: img.png"
+msgstr ".. image:: i18n.png"
+
+msgid "i18n"
+msgstr "I18N -> IMG"
+
+msgid ".. image:: i18n.png"
+msgstr ".. image:: img.png"
+
+msgid "image on substitution"
+msgstr "IMAGE ON SUBSTITUTION"
+
+msgid "image under note"
+msgstr "IMAGE UNDER NOTE"
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/footnote.po b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/footnote.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..869bf62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/footnote.po
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
+# Copyright (C) 2012, foof
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the foo package.
+# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
+#
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: sphinx 1.0\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-11-22 08:28+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
+"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
+"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+msgid "i18n with Footnote"
+msgstr "I18N WITH FOOTNOTE"
+
+msgid "[100]_ Contents [#]_ for `i18n with Footnote`_ [ref]_ [#named]_ [*]_. "
+"second footnote_ref [100]_."
+msgstr "`I18N WITH FOOTNOTE`_ INCLUDE THIS CONTENTS [#named]_ [ref]_ [#]_ [100]_ [*]_. "
+"SECOND FOOTNOTE_REF [100]_."
+
+msgid "This is a auto numbered footnote."
+msgstr "THIS IS A AUTO NUMBERED FOOTNOTE."
+
+msgid "This is a named footnote."
+msgstr "THIS IS A NAMED FOOTNOTE."
+
+msgid "This is a numbered footnote."
+msgstr "THIS IS A NUMBERED FOOTNOTE."
+
+msgid "This is a auto numbered named footnote."
+msgstr "THIS IS A AUTO NUMBERED NAMED FOOTNOTE."
+
+msgid "This is a auto symbol footnote."
+msgstr "THIS IS A AUTO SYMBOL FOOTNOTE."
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/glossary_terms.po b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/glossary_terms.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..83542f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/glossary_terms.po
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
+# Copyright (C) 2012, foof
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the foo package.
+# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
+#
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: sphinx 1.0\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2013-01-29 14:10+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
+"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
+"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+msgid "i18n with glossary terms"
+msgstr "I18N WITH GLOSSARY TERMS"
+
+msgid "Some term"
+msgstr "SOME NEW TERM"
+
+msgid "The corresponding glossary"
+msgstr "THE CORRESPONDING GLOSSARY"
+
+msgid "Some other term"
+msgstr "SOME OTHER NEW TERM"
+
+msgid "The corresponding glossary #2"
+msgstr "THE CORRESPONDING GLOSSARY #2"
+
+msgid "link to :term:`Some term`."
+msgstr "LINK TO :term:`SOME NEW TERM`."
+
+msgid "Translated glossary should be sorted by translated terms:"
+msgstr "TRANSLATED GLOSSARY SHOULD BE SORTED BY TRANSLATED TERMS:"
+
+msgid "BBB"
+msgstr "TRANSLATED TERM XXX"
+
+msgid "Define BBB"
+msgstr "DEFINE XXX"
+
+msgid "AAA"
+msgstr "TRANSLATED TERM YYY"
+
+msgid "Define AAA"
+msgstr "DEFINE YYY"
+
+msgid "CCC"
+msgstr "TRANSLATED TERM ZZZ"
+
+msgid "EEE"
+msgstr "VVV"
+
+msgid "Define CCC"
+msgstr "DEFINE ZZZ"
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/glossary_terms_inconsistency.po b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/glossary_terms_inconsistency.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ef2bf30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/glossary_terms_inconsistency.po
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.

+# Copyright (C) 2012, foof

+# This file is distributed under the same license as the foo package.

+# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.

+#

+#, fuzzy

+msgid ""

+msgstr ""

+"Project-Id-Version: sphinx 1.0\n"

+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"

+"POT-Creation-Date: 2013-01-29 14:10+0000\n"

+"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"

+"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"

+"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"

+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"

+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"

+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"

+

+msgid "i18n with glossary terms inconsistency"

+msgstr "I18N WITH GLOSSARY TERMS INCONSISTENCY"

+

+msgid "link to :term:`Some term` and :term:`Some other term`."

+msgstr "LINK TO :term:`SOME NEW TERM`."

diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/index.po b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/index.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a4646f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/index.po
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
+# Copyright (C) 2010, Georg Brandl & Team
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the Sphinx <Tests> package.
+# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
+#
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: Sphinx <Tests> 0.6\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-12-16 14:11+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2012-12-18 06:14+0900\n"
+"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
+"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+msgid "Table of Contents"
+msgstr "TABLE OF CONTENTS"
+
+msgid "Hidden Toc"
+msgstr "HIDDEN TOC"
+
+msgid "testdata for i18n"
+msgstr "TESTDATA FOR I18N"
+
+msgid "i18n, sphinx, markup"
+msgstr "I18N, SPHINX, MARKUP"
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/index_entries.po b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/index_entries.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..83619b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/index_entries.po
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
+# Copyright (C) 2013, foo
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the foo package.
+# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
+#
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: foo foo\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2013-01-05 18:10+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
+"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
+"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+msgid "i18n with index entries"
+msgstr ""
+
+msgid "index target section"
+msgstr ""
+
+msgid "this is :index:`Newsletter` target paragraph."
+msgstr "THIS IS :index:`NEWSLETTER` TARGET PARAGRAPH."
+
+msgid "various index entries"
+msgstr ""
+
+msgid "That's all."
+msgstr ""
+
+msgid "Mailing List"
+msgstr "MAILING LIST"
+
+msgid "Newsletter"
+msgstr "NEWSLETTER"
+
+msgid "Recipients List"
+msgstr "RECIPIENTS LIST"
+
+msgid "First"
+msgstr "FIRST"
+
+msgid "Second"
+msgstr "SECOND"
+
+msgid "Third"
+msgstr "THIRD"
+
+msgid "Entry"
+msgstr "ENTRY"
+
+msgid "See"
+msgstr "SEE"
+
+msgid "Module"
+msgstr "MODULE"
+
+msgid "Keyword"
+msgstr "KEYWORD"
+
+msgid "Operator"
+msgstr "OPERATOR"
+
+msgid "Object"
+msgstr "OBJECT"
+
+msgid "Exception"
+msgstr "EXCEPTION"
+
+msgid "Statement"
+msgstr "STATEMENT"
+
+msgid "Builtin"
+msgstr "BUILTIN"
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/label_target.po b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/label_target.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..60d7c3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/label_target.po
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
+# Copyright (C) 2013, sphinx
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the sphinx package.
+# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
+#
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: 1.2\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2013-06-19 00:33+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
+"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
+"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+msgid "section and label"
+msgstr "X SECTION AND LABEL"
+
+msgid ""
+":ref:`implicit-target` point to ``implicit-target`` and "
+"`section and label`_ point to ``section-and-label``."
+msgstr ""
+":ref:`implicit-target` POINT TO ``implicit-target`` AND "
+"`X SECTION AND LABEL`_ POINT TO ``section-and-label``."
+
+msgid "explicit-target"
+msgstr "X EXPLICIT-TARGET"
+
+msgid ""
+":ref:`explicit-target` point to ``explicit-target`` and `explicit-target`_"
+" point to duplicated id like ``id1``."
+msgstr ""
+":ref:`explicit-target` POINT TO ``explicit-target`` AND `X EXPLICIT-TARGET`_"
+" POINT TO DUPLICATED ID LIKE ``id1``."
+
+msgid "implicit section name"
+msgstr "X IMPLICIT SECTION NAME"
+
+msgid "`implicit section name`_ point to ``implicit-section-name``."
+msgstr "`X IMPLICIT SECTION NAME`_ POINT TO ``implicit-section-name``."
+
+msgid "duplicated sub section"
+msgstr "X DUPLICATED SUB SECTION"
+
+msgid ""
+"`duplicated sub section`_ is broken link."
+msgstr ""
+"`X DUPLICATED SUB SECTION`_ IS BROKEN LINK."
+
+msgid "label bridged target section"
+msgstr "X LABEL BRIDGED TARGET SECTION"
+
+msgid "`bridge label`_ is not translatable but linked to translated section title."
+msgstr "X `bridge label`_ IS NOT TRANSLATABLE BUT LINKED TO TRANSLATED SECTION TITLE."
+
+msgid ""
+"`bridge label2`_ point to ``section and label`` and `bridge label`_ point to "
+"``label bridged target section``. The second appeared `bridge label2`_ point "
+"to correct target."
+msgstr ""
+"X `bridge label`_ POINT TO ``LABEL BRIDGED TARGET SECTION`` AND "
+"`bridge label2`_ POINT TO ``SECTION AND LABEL``. THE SECOND APPEARED "
+"`bridge label2`_ POINT TO CORRECT TARGET."
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/literalblock.po b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/literalblock.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d3e5d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/literalblock.po
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
+# Copyright (C) 2012, foof
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the foo package.
+# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
+#
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: sphinx 1.0\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-11-22 08:28+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
+"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
+"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+msgid "i18n with literal block"
+msgstr "I18N WITH LITERAL BLOCK"
+
+msgid "Correct literal block::"
+msgstr "CORRECT LITERAL BLOCK::"
+
+msgid "Missing literal block::"
+msgstr "MISSING LITERAL BLOCK::"
+
+msgid "That's all."
+msgstr "THAT'S ALL."
+
+msgid "included raw.txt"
+msgstr "INCLUDED RAW.TXT"
+
+msgid "code blocks"
+msgstr "CODE-BLOCKS"
+
+msgid ""
+"def main\n"
+"   'result'\n"
+"end"
+msgstr ""
+"def main\n"
+"   'RESULT'\n"
+"end"
+
+msgid "example of C language"
+msgstr "EXAMPLE OF C LANGUAGE"
+
+msgid ""
+"#include <stdlib.h>\n"
+"int main(int argc, char** argv)\n"
+"{\n"
+"    return 0;\n"
+"}"
+msgstr ""
+"#include <STDLIB.H>\n"
+"int main(int ARGC, char** ARGV)\n"
+"{\n"
+"    return 0;\n"
+"}"
+
+msgid ""
+"#include <stdio.h>\n"
+"int main(int argc, char** argv)\n"
+"{\n"
+"    return 0;\n"
+"}"
+msgstr ""
+"#include <STDIO.H>\n"
+"int main(int ARGC, char** ARGV)\n"
+"{\n"
+"    return 0;\n"
+"}"
+
+msgid "literal-block\n"
+"in list"
+msgstr "LITERAL-BLOCK\n"
+"IN LIST"
+
+msgid "test_code_for_noqa()\n"
+"continued()"
+msgstr ""
+"# TRAILING noqa SHOULD NOT GET STRIPPED\n"
+"# FROM THIS BLOCK. #noqa"
+
+msgid "doctest blocks"
+msgstr "DOCTEST-BLOCKS"
+
+msgid ""
+">>> import sys  # sys importing\n"
+">>> def main():  # define main function\n"
+"...     sys.stdout.write('hello')  # call write method of stdout object\n"
+">>>\n"
+">>> if __name__ == '__main__':  # if run this py file as python script\n"
+"...     main()  # call main"
+msgstr ""
+">>> import sys  # SYS IMPORTING\n"
+">>> def main():  # DEFINE MAIN FUNCTION\n"
+"...     sys.stdout.write('hello')  # CALL WRITE METHOD OF STDOUT OBJECT\n"
+">>>\n"
+">>> if __name__ == '__main__':  # IF RUN THIS PY FILE AS PYTHON SCRIPT\n"
+"...     main()  # CALL MAIN"
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/noqa.po b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/noqa.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1af66b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/noqa.po
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
+# Copyright (C)
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the Sphinx intl <Tests> package.
+# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: \n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2022-01-16 15:23+0100\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2022-01-16 15:23+0100\n"
+"Last-Translator: Jean Abou Samra <jean@abou-samra.fr>\n"
+"Language-Team: \n"
+"Language: xx\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"X-Generator: Poedit 3.0\n"
+
+#: ../tests/roots/test-intl/noqa.txt:2
+msgid "First section"
+msgstr "FIRST SECTION"
+
+#: ../tests/roots/test-intl/noqa.txt:4
+msgid "Some text with a reference, :ref:`next-section`."
+msgstr "TRANSLATED TEXT WITHOUT REFERENCE. #noqa"
+
+#: ../tests/roots/test-intl/noqa.txt:6
+msgid "Another reference: :ref:`next-section`."
+msgstr ""
+"TEST noqa WHITESPACE INSENSITIVITY.\n"
+"#   \n"
+"   noqa"
+
+#: ../tests/roots/test-intl/noqa.txt:8
+msgid "This should allow to test escaping ``#noqa``."
+msgstr "``#noqa`` IS ESCAPED AT THE END OF THIS STRING. \\#noqa"
+
+#: ../tests/roots/test-intl/noqa.txt:13
+msgid "Next section"
+msgstr "NEXT SECTION WITH PARAGRAPH TO TEST BARE noqa"
+
+# This edge case should not fail.
+#: ../tests/roots/test-intl/noqa.txt:15
+msgid "Some text, again referring to the section: :ref:`next-section`."
+msgstr "#noqa"
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/only.po b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/only.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..43eb7d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/only.po
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
+# Copyright (C) 2010, Georg Brandl & Team
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the Sphinx <Tests> package.
+# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
+#
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: Sphinx <Tests> 0.6\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2013-02-04 13:06+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
+"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
+"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+msgid "Only directive"
+msgstr "ONLY DIRECTIVE"
+
+msgid "In HTML."
+msgstr "IN HTML."
+
+msgid "In LaTeX."
+msgstr "IN LATEX."
+
+msgid "In both."
+msgstr "IN BOTH."
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/raw.po b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/raw.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2e8893
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/raw.po
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
+# Copyright (C) 2015, dev
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the 1235 package.
+# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
+#
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: 1235 1.0\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-02-22 15:22+0900\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
+"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
+"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+msgid "<iframe src=\"http://sphinx-doc.org\"></iframe>"
+msgstr "<iframe src=\"HTTP://SPHINX-DOC.ORG\"></iframe>"
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/refs.po b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/refs.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..510a5a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/refs.po
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: 1191 1.3\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-08-08 15:31+0900\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
+"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
+"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+msgid "Translation Tips"
+msgstr "X TIPS"
+
+msgid "A-1. Here's how you can `download Sphinx`_."
+msgstr "A-1. HERE'S HOW YOU CAN `download Sphinx`_."
+
+msgid "A-2. Here's how you can `download Sphinx`_."
+msgstr "A-2. HERE'S HOW YOU CAN `A1 DOWNLOAD SPHINX`_."
+
+msgid "A-3. Here's how you can `download Sphinx`_."
+msgstr ""
+"A-3. HERE'S HOW YOU CAN `A3 DOWNLOAD SPHINX <download Sphinx_>`_ AND `A3 DOWNLOAD "
+"SPHINX <download Sphinx_>`_."
+
+msgid "B-1. `Docutils site`_ and `Sphinx site`_."
+msgstr "B-1. `Docutils site`_ and `Sphinx site`_."
+
+msgid "B-2. `Docutils site`_ and `Sphinx site`_."
+msgstr "B-2. `B1 DOCUTILS SITE`_ AND `B1 SPHINX SITE`_."
+
+msgid "B-3. `Docutils site`_ and `Sphinx site`_."
+msgstr "B-3. `B2 SPHINX SITE`_ AND `B2 DOCUTILS SITE`_."
+
+msgid "B-4. `Docutils site`_ and `Sphinx site`_."
+msgstr ""
+"B-4. `B4 SPHINX SITE <Sphinx site_>`_ AND `B4 DOCUTILS SITE <Docutils "
+"site_>`_."
+
+msgid "B-5. `Docutils site`_ and `Sphinx site`_."
+msgstr ""
+"B-5. `B5 SPHINX SITE <Sphinx site_>`_ AND `B5 DOCUTILS SITE <Docutils "
+"site_>`_\" AND `B5 SPHINX SITE <Sphinx site_>`_."
+
+msgid "C-1. Link to `Translation Tips`_ section."
+msgstr "C-1. LINK TO `Translation Tips`_ SECTION."
+
+msgid "C-2. Link to `Translation Tips`_ section."
+msgstr "C-2. LINK TO `X TIPS`_ SECTION."
+
+msgid "C-3. Link to `Translation Tips`_ section."
+msgstr "C-3. LINK TO `X TIPS <Translation Tips_>`_ SECTION."
+
+msgid "C-4. Link to `Translation Tips`_ section."
+msgstr ""
+"C-4. LINK TO `X TIPS <Translation Tips_>`_ x `X TIPS <Translation Tips_>`_ "
+"SECTION."
+
+msgid "C-5. Link to `Translation Tips`_ section."
+msgstr ""
+"C-5. LINK TO `TRANS <X TIPS_>`_ x `LATION <X TIPS_>`_ "
+
+msgid "D-1. Link to `Translation Tips`_ and `Next Section`_ section."
+msgstr "D-1. LINK TO `Translation Tips`_ and `Next Section`_ SECTION."
+
+msgid "D-2. Link to `Translation Tips`_ and `Next Section`_ section."
+msgstr "D-2. LINK TO `X TIPS`_ AND `N SECTION`_ SECTION."
+
+msgid "D-3. Link to `Translation Tips`_ and `Next Section`_ section."
+msgstr "D-3. LINK TO `N SECTION`_ AND `X TIPS`_ SECTION."
+
+msgid "D-4. Link to `Translation Tips`_ and `Next Section`_ section."
+msgstr ""
+"D-4. LINK TO `N SECTION <Next Section_>`_ AND `X TIPS <Translation Tips_>`_ "
+"SECTION."
+
+msgid "D-5. Link to `Translation Tips`_ and `Next Section`_ section."
+msgstr ""
+"D-5. LINK TO `Next <N SECTION_>`_ AND `Tips <X TIPS_>`_ "
+
+msgid "Next Section"
+msgstr "N SECTION"
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/refs_inconsistency.po b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/refs_inconsistency.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9d8d13f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/refs_inconsistency.po
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
+# Copyright (C) 2012, foof
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the foo package.
+# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
+#
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: sphinx 1.0\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-12-05 08:28+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
+"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
+"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+msgid "i18n with refs inconsistency"
+msgstr "I18N WITH REFS INCONSISTENCY"
+
+msgid "[100]_ for [#]_ citation [ref2]_."
+msgstr "FOR CITATION [ref3]_."
+
+msgid "for reference_."
+msgstr "reference_ FOR reference_."
+
+msgid "normal text."
+msgstr "ORPHAN REFERENCE: `I18N WITH REFS INCONSISTENCY`_."
+
+msgid "This is a auto numbered footnote."
+msgstr "THIS IS A AUTO NUMBERED FOOTNOTE."
+
+msgid "This is a citation."
+msgstr "THIS IS A CITATION."
+
+msgid "This is a numbered footnote."
+msgstr "THIS IS A NUMBERED FOOTNOTE."
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/refs_python_domain.po b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/refs_python_domain.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bed87c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/refs_python_domain.po
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# 
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: issue1363 1363\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2014-03-16 19:34+0900\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
+"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
+"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+#: ..\..\index.rst:4
+msgid "i18n with python domain refs"
+msgstr "I18N WITH PYTHON DOMAIN REFS"
+
+#: ..\..\index.rst:8
+msgid "See this decorator: :func:`sensitive_variables`."
+msgstr "SEE THIS DECORATOR: :func:`sensitive_variables`."
+
+#: ..\..\index.rst:12
+msgid "Some description"
+msgstr "SOME DESCRIPTION"
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/role_xref.po b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/role_xref.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..96d821f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/role_xref.po
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
+# Copyright (C) 2012, foof
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the foo package.
+# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
+#
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: sphinx 1.0\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2013-02-04 14:00+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
+"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
+"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+msgid "i18n role xref"
+msgstr "I18N ROCK'N ROLE XREF"
+
+msgid "link to :term:`Some term`, :ref:`i18n-role-xref`, :doc:`index`."
+msgstr "LINK TO :ref:`i18n-role-xref`, :doc:`index`, :term:`SOME NEW TERM`."
+
+msgid "same type links"
+msgstr "SAME TYPE LINKS"
+
+msgid "link to :term:`Some term` and :term:`Some other term`."
+msgstr "LINK TO :term:`SOME OTHER NEW TERM` AND :term:`SOME NEW TERM`."
+
+msgid "link to :ref:`i18n-role-xref`, :ref:`same-type-links` and :ref:`label <same-type-links>`."
+msgstr "LINK TO :ref:`LABEL <i18n-role-xref>` AND :ref:`same-type-links` AND :ref:`same-type-links`."
+
+msgid "link to :doc:`index` and :doc:`glossary_terms`."
+msgstr "LINK TO :doc:`glossary_terms` AND :doc:`index`."
+
+msgid "link to :option:`-m` and :option:`--module`."
+msgstr "LINK TO :option:`--module` AND :option:`-m`."
+
+msgid "link to :envvar:`env1` and :envvar:`env2`."
+msgstr "LINK TO :envvar:`env2` AND :envvar:`env1`."
+
+msgid "link to :token:`token1` and :token:`token2`."
+msgstr "LINK TO :token:`token2` AND :token:`token1`."
+
+msgid "link to :keyword:`i18n-role-xref` and :keyword:`same-type-links`."
+msgstr "LINK TO :keyword:`same-type-links` AND :keyword:`i18n-role-xref`."
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/rubric.po b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/rubric.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9137623
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/rubric.po
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.

+# Copyright (C) 2012, foof

+# This file is distributed under the same license as the foo package.

+# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.

+#

+#, fuzzy

+msgid ""

+msgstr ""

+"Project-Id-Version: sphinx 1.0\n"

+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"

+"POT-Creation-Date: 2013-11-12 07:00+0000\n"

+"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"

+"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"

+"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"

+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"

+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"

+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"

+

+msgid "i18n with rubric"

+msgstr "I18N WITH RUBRIC"

+

+msgid "rubric title"

+msgstr "RUBRIC TITLE"

+

+msgid "rubric in the block"

+msgstr "RUBRIC IN THE BLOCK"

+

+msgid "block"

+msgstr "BLOCK"

diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/section.po b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/section.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4af349c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/section.po
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
+# Copyright (C) 2018, dev
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the sphinx package.
+# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, 2018.
+#
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: sphinx 1.0\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2018-05-06 16:44+0900\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
+"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
+"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Generated-By: Babel 2.4.0\n"
+
+msgid "1. Section"
+msgstr "1. SECTION"
+
+msgid "2. Sub Section"
+msgstr "2. SUB SECTION"
+
+msgid "3. Contents Title"
+msgstr "3. CONTENTS TITLE"
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/seealso.po b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/seealso.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..86a1c73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/seealso.po
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
+# Copyright (C) 2010, Georg Brandl & Team
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the Sphinx <Tests> package.
+# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
+#
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: Sphinx <Tests> 0.6\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-12-16 06:06+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
+"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
+"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+msgid "i18n with seealso"
+msgstr "I18N WITH SEEALSO"
+
+msgid "short text 1"
+msgstr "SHORT TEXT 1"
+
+msgid "long text 1"
+msgstr "LONG TEXT 1"
+
+msgid "short text 2"
+msgstr "SHORT TEXT 2"
+
+msgid "long text 2"
+msgstr "LONG TEXT 2"
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/sphinx.po b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/sphinx.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a236f2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/sphinx.po
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
+# Copyright (C) 2012, foof
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the foo package.
+# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
+#
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: sphinx 1.0\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-11-22 08:28+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
+"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
+"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+msgid "Welcome"
+msgstr "WELCOME"
+
+msgid "Sphinx %(version)s"
+msgstr "SPHINX %(version)s"
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/table.po b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/table.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d8ffd35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/table.po
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
+# Copyright (C) 2010, Georg Brandl & Team
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the Sphinx <Tests> package.
+# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
+#
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: Sphinx <Tests> 0.6\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-12-16 06:06+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
+"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
+"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+msgid "i18n with table"
+msgstr "I18N WITH TABLE"
+
+msgid "table caption"
+msgstr "TABLE CAPTION"
+
+msgid "header1"
+msgstr "HEADER1"
+
+msgid "header2"
+msgstr "HEADER2"
+
+msgid "text1"
+msgstr "TEXT1"
+
+msgid "text2"
+msgstr "TEXT2"
+
+msgid "text3"
+msgstr "TEXT3"
+
+msgid "text1"
+msgstr "TEXT1"
+
+msgid "text4"
+msgstr "TEXT4"
+
+msgid "text5"
+msgstr "TEXT5"
+
+msgid "text6"
+msgstr "TEXT6"
+
+msgid "1. table caption"
+msgstr "1. TABLE CAPTION"
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/toctree.po b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/toctree.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..62cccdf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/toctree.po
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
+# Copyright (C)
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the Sphinx intl <Tests> package.
+# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
+#
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: Sphinx intl <Tests> 2013.120\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2019-11-01 10:24+0900\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
+"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
+"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+#: ../../toctree.txt:4
+msgid "figure"
+msgstr "FIGURE"
+
+#: ../../toctree.txt:4
+#: ../../toctree.txt:4
+msgid "caption"
+msgstr "CAPTION"
+
+#: ../../toctree.txt:2
+msgid "i18n with toctree"
+msgstr "I18N WITH TOCTREE"
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/topic.po b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/topic.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..53ecb0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/topic.po
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
+# Copyright (C) 2018, dev
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the sphinx package.
+# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, 2018.
+#
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: sphinx 1.0\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2018-05-06 16:44+0900\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
+"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
+"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Generated-By: Babel 2.4.0\n"
+
+msgid "i18n with topic"
+msgstr "I18N WITH TOPIC"
+
+msgid "Topic Title"
+msgstr "TOPIC TITLE"
+
+msgid "Topic Content"
+msgstr "TOPIC CONTENT"
+
+msgid "1. Topic Title"
+msgstr "1. TOPIC TITLE"
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/translation_progress.po b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/translation_progress.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..94673d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/translation_progress.po
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: \n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2000-01-01 00:00\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
+"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
+"Language-Team: \n"
+"Language: xx\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+msgid "Translation Progress"
+msgstr "TRANSLATION PROGRESS"
+
+msgid "When, in disgrace with fortune and men’s eyes,"
+msgstr "WHEN, IN DISGRACE WITH FORTUNE AND MEN’S EYES,"
+
+msgid "I all alone beweep my outcast state,"
+msgstr "I ALL ALONE BEWEEP MY OUTCAST STATE,"
+
+msgid "And trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries,"
+msgstr "AND TROUBLE DEAF HEAVEN WITH MY BOOTLESS CRIES,"
+
+msgid "And look upon myself, and curse my fate,"
+msgstr "AND LOOK UPON MYSELF, AND CURSE MY FATE,"
+
+msgid "Wishing me like to one more rich in hope,"
+msgstr "WISHING ME LIKE TO ONE MORE RICH IN HOPE,"
+
+msgid "Featur’d like him, like him with friends possess’d,"
+msgstr "FEATUR’D LIKE HIM, LIKE HIM WITH FRIENDS POSSESS’D,"
+
+msgid "Desiring this man’s art and that man’s scope,"
+msgstr "DESIRING THIS MAN’S ART AND THAT MAN’S SCOPE,"
+
+msgid "With what I most enjoy contented least;"
+msgstr "WITH WHAT I MOST ENJOY CONTENTED LEAST;"
+
+# idempotent translations (2 out of 14 lines):
+
+msgid "Yet in these thoughts myself almost despising,"
+msgstr "Yet in these thoughts myself almost despising,"
+
+msgid "Haply I think on thee, and then my state,"
+msgstr "Haply I think on thee, and then my state,"
+
+# untranslated (2 out of 14 lines):
+
+msgid "Like to the lark at break of day arising"
+msgstr ""
+
+msgid "From sullen earth, sings hymns at heaven’s gate;"
+msgstr ""
+
+# translation missing (2 out of 14 lines):
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/versionchange.po b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/versionchange.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a8df38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/versionchange.po
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
+# Copyright (C) 2010, Georg Brandl & Team
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the Sphinx <Tests> package.
+# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
+#
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: sphinx 1.0\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-12-15 03:17+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
+"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
+"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+msgid "i18n with versionchange"
+msgstr "I18N WITH VERSIONCHANGE"
+
+msgid "This is the *first* paragraph of deprecated."
+msgstr "THIS IS THE *FIRST* PARAGRAPH OF DEPRECATED."
+
+msgid "This is the *second* paragraph of deprecated."
+msgstr "THIS IS THE *SECOND* PARAGRAPH OF DEPRECATED."
+
+msgid "This is the *first* paragraph of versionadded."
+msgstr "THIS IS THE *FIRST* PARAGRAPH OF VERSIONADDED."
+
+msgid "This is the *first* paragraph of versionchanged."
+msgstr "THIS IS THE *FIRST* PARAGRAPH OF VERSIONCHANGED."
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/warnings.po b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/warnings.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7963a0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl/xx/LC_MESSAGES/warnings.po
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE.
+# Copyright (C) 2010, Georg Brandl & Team
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the Sphinx <Tests> package.
+# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
+#
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: Sphinx <Tests> 0.6\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2013-02-04 13:06+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
+"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
+"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+msgid "i18n with reST warnings"
+msgstr "I18N WITH REST WARNINGS"
+
+msgid "line of ``literal`` markup."
+msgstr "LINE OF ``BROKEN LITERAL MARKUP."
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl_substitution_definitions/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-intl_substitution_definitions/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5e43033
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl_substitution_definitions/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+exclude_patterns = ['_build']
+
+rst_prolog = """\
+.. |subst_prolog_1| replace:: prologue substitute text
+
+.. |subst_prolog_2| image:: /img.png
+"""
+
+rst_epilog = """\
+.. |subst_epilog_1| replace:: epilogue substitute text
+
+.. |subst_epilog_2| image:: /i18n.png
+"""
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl_substitution_definitions/i18n.png b/tests/roots/test-intl_substitution_definitions/i18n.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a97e86d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl_substitution_definitions/i18n.png
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl_substitution_definitions/img.png b/tests/roots/test-intl_substitution_definitions/img.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a97e86d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl_substitution_definitions/img.png
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl_substitution_definitions/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-intl_substitution_definitions/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9b8c155
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl_substitution_definitions/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+CONTENTS
+========
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 2
+   :numbered:
+   :caption: Table of Contents
+
+   prolog_epilog_substitution
+   prolog_epilog_substitution_excluded
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl_substitution_definitions/prolog_epilog_substitution.rst b/tests/roots/test-intl_substitution_definitions/prolog_epilog_substitution.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4127ba4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl_substitution_definitions/prolog_epilog_substitution.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+:tocdepth: 2
+
+i18n with prologue and epilogue substitutions
+=============================================
+
+This is content that contains |subst_prolog_1|.
+
+Substituted image |subst_prolog_2| here.
+
+This is content that contains |subst_epilog_1|.
+
+Substituted image |subst_epilog_2| here.
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl_substitution_definitions/prolog_epilog_substitution_excluded.rst b/tests/roots/test-intl_substitution_definitions/prolog_epilog_substitution_excluded.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ddfc74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl_substitution_definitions/prolog_epilog_substitution_excluded.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+:tocdepth: 2
+
+i18n without prologue and epilogue substitutions
+================================================
+
+This is content that does not include prologue and epilogue substitutions.
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-intl_substitution_definitions/xx/LC_MESSAGES/prolog_epilog_substitution.po b/tests/roots/test-intl_substitution_definitions/xx/LC_MESSAGES/prolog_epilog_substitution.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3ce51fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-intl_substitution_definitions/xx/LC_MESSAGES/prolog_epilog_substitution.po
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: sphinx tests\n"
+"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2021-07-21 12:00+0800\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
+"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
+"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+msgid "i18n with prologue and epilogue substitutions"
+msgstr "I18N WITH PROLOGUE AND EPILOGUE SUBSTITUTIONS"
+
+msgid "This is content that contains |subst_prolog_1|."
+msgstr "THIS IS CONTENT THAT CONTAINS |subst_prolog_1|."
+
+msgid "Substituted image |subst_prolog_2| here."
+msgstr "SUBSTITUTED IMAGE |subst_prolog_2| HERE."
+
+msgid "This is content that contains |subst_epilog_1|."
+msgstr "THIS IS CONTENT THAT CONTAINS |subst_epilog_1|."
+
+msgid "Substituted image |subst_epilog_2| here."
+msgstr "SUBSTITUTED IMAGE |subst_epilog_2| HERE."
+
+msgid "subst_prolog_2"
+msgstr "SUBST_PROLOG_2 TRANSLATED"
+
+msgid ".. image:: /img.png"
+msgstr ".. image:: /i18n.png"
+
+msgid "subst_epilog_2"
+msgstr "SUBST_EPILOG_2 TRANSLATED"
+
+msgid ".. image:: /i18n.png"
+msgstr ".. image:: /img.png"
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-keep_warnings/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-keep_warnings/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b7b3c31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-keep_warnings/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+keep_warnings = True
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-keep_warnings/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-keep_warnings/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1e2d597
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-keep_warnings/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+keep_warnings
+=====
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-babel/bar.rst b/tests/roots/test-latex-babel/bar.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c1ddf30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-babel/bar.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+===
+Bar
+===
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-babel/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-latex-babel/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..175e3ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-babel/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+numfig_format = {
+    'figure': 'Fig. %s',
+    'table': 'Table. %s',
+    'code-block': 'List.',
+}
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-babel/foo.rst b/tests/roots/test-latex-babel/foo.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cecc672
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-babel/foo.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+===
+Foo
+===
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-babel/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-latex-babel/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7c19f9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-babel/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+test-tocdepth
+=============
+
+.. toctree::
+   :caption: Table of content
+
+   foo
+   bar
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-container/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-latex-container/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-container/conf.py
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-container/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-latex-container/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..899788b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-container/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+.. container:: classname
+
+   text
+ 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-equations/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-latex-equations/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d851892
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-equations/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+root_doc = 'equations'
+extensions = ['sphinx.ext.imgmath']
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-equations/equations.rst b/tests/roots/test-latex-equations/equations.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2eef2f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-equations/equations.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+test-latex-equation
+===================
+
+Equation without a label.
+
+.. math::
+
+   E = mc^2
+
+Equation with label.
+
+.. math:: E = hv
+   :label: test
+
+Second equation without label.
+
+.. math::
+
+   c^2 = a^2 + b^2
+
+Equation with label :eq:`test` is important.
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-equations/expects/latex-equations.tex b/tests/roots/test-latex-equations/expects/latex-equations.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5374a67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-equations/expects/latex-equations.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+Equation without a label.
+\begin{equation*}
+\begin{split}E = mc^2\end{split}
+\end{equation*}
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+Equation with label.
+\begin{equation}\label{equation:equations:test}
+\begin{split}E = hv\end{split}
+\end{equation}
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+Second equation without label.
+\begin{equation*}
+\begin{split}c^2 = a^2 + b^2\end{split}
+\end{equation*}
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+Equation with label \eqref{equation:equations:test} is important.
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-figure-in-admonition/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-latex-figure-in-admonition/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a45d22e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-figure-in-admonition/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+exclude_patterns = ['_build']
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-figure-in-admonition/img.png b/tests/roots/test-latex-figure-in-admonition/img.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a97e86d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-figure-in-admonition/img.png
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-figure-in-admonition/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-latex-figure-in-admonition/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e3d39d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-figure-in-admonition/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+Test Figure in Admonition
+=========================
+
+.. caution::
+
+   This uses a figure in an admonition.
+
+   .. figure:: img.png
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-includegraphics/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-latex-includegraphics/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..65c19ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-includegraphics/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+exclude_patterns = ['_build']
+
+latex_elements = {
+    'preamble': r'''
+\makeatletter
+\def\dividetwolengths#1#2{\the\dimexpr
+    \numexpr65536*\dimexpr#1\relax/\dimexpr#2\relax sp}%
+\newwrite\out
+\immediate\openout\out=\jobname-dimensions.txt
+\def\toout{\immediate\write\out}
+\def\getWfromoptions #1width=#2,#3\relax{\def\WidthFromOption{#2}}%
+\def\getHfromoptions #1height=#2,#3\relax{\def\HeightFromOption{#2}}%
+\def\tempincludegraphics[#1]#2{%
+    \sphinxsafeincludegraphics[#1]{#2}%
+    \edef\obtainedratio
+       {\dividetwolengths\spx@image@requiredheight\spx@image@requiredwidth}%
+    \getWfromoptions#1,width=,\relax
+    \getHfromoptions#1,height=,\relax
+    \def\ratiocheck{}%
+    \ifx\WidthFromOption\empty\else
+    \ifx\HeightFromOption\empty\else
+      \edef\askedforratio{\dividetwolengths\HeightFromOption\WidthFromOption}%
+      \edef\ratiocheck{\dividetwolengths\obtainedratio\askedforratio}%
+    \fi\fi
+    \toout{original options = #1^^J%
+           width = \the\dimexpr\spx@image@requiredwidth,
+           linewidth = \the\linewidth^^J%
+           height = \the\dimexpr\spx@image@requiredheight,
+           maxheight = \the\spx@image@maxheight^^J%
+           obtained  H/W = \obtainedratio^^J%
+    \ifx\ratiocheck\empty
+    \else
+           asked for H/W = \askedforratio^^J%
+           ratio of ratios = \ratiocheck^^J%
+    \fi
+          }%
+    \ifx\ratiocheck\empty
+    \else
+      \ifpdfabsdim\dimexpr\ratiocheck-1pt\relax > 0.01pt
+        \ASPECTRATIOERROR
+      \fi
+    \fi
+}
+\def\sphinxincludegraphics#1#{\tempincludegraphics#1}
+\makeatother
+''',
+}
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-includegraphics/img.png b/tests/roots/test-latex-includegraphics/img.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a97e86d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-includegraphics/img.png
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-includegraphics/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-latex-includegraphics/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..920c749
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-includegraphics/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+====================
+Test image inclusion
+====================
+
+Tests with both width and height
+--------------------------------
+
+.. an image with big dimensions, ratio H/W = 1/5
+.. image:: img.png
+   :height: 200
+   :width: 1000
+
+.. topic:: Oversized images
+
+   .. an image with big dimensions, ratio H/W = 5/1
+   .. image:: img.png
+      :height: 1000
+      :width: 200
+
+   .. height too big even if width reduced to linewidth, ratio H/W = 3/1
+   .. image:: img.png
+      :width: 1000
+      :height: 3000
+
+Tests with only width or height
+-------------------------------
+
+.. topic:: Oversized images
+
+   .. tall image which does not fit in textheight even if width rescaled
+   .. image:: tall.png
+      :width: 1000
+
+.. wide image which does not fit in linewidth even after height diminished
+.. image:: sphinx.png
+   :height: 1000
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-includegraphics/sphinx.png b/tests/roots/test-latex-includegraphics/sphinx.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0a103cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-includegraphics/sphinx.png
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-includegraphics/tall.png b/tests/roots/test-latex-includegraphics/tall.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c98c058
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-includegraphics/tall.png
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-index/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-latex-index/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-index/conf.py
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-index/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-latex-index/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5b61279
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-index/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+test-latex-index
+================
+
+A :index:`famous` :index:`equation`:
+
+.. math::
+
+   E = m c^2
+
+.. index:: Einstein, relativity
+
+and some text.
+
+.. index:: main {
+
+An index entry containing non paired curly brace
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-labels-before-module/automodule1.py b/tests/roots/test-latex-labels-before-module/automodule1.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0545aa4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-labels-before-module/automodule1.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+"""docstring"""
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-labels-before-module/automodule2a.py b/tests/roots/test-latex-labels-before-module/automodule2a.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0545aa4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-labels-before-module/automodule2a.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+"""docstring"""
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-labels-before-module/automodule2b.py b/tests/roots/test-latex-labels-before-module/automodule2b.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0545aa4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-labels-before-module/automodule2b.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+"""docstring"""
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-labels-before-module/automodule3.py b/tests/roots/test-latex-labels-before-module/automodule3.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0545aa4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-labels-before-module/automodule3.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+"""docstring"""
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-labels-before-module/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-latex-labels-before-module/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..25193b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-labels-before-module/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+import os
+import sys
+
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('.'))
+
+extensions = ['sphinx.ext.autodoc']
+
+nitpicky = True
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-labels-before-module/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-latex-labels-before-module/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e6df749
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-labels-before-module/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+latex-labels-before-module
+==========================
+
+.. _label_1a:
+.. _label_1b:
+
+.. module:: module1
+
+   text
+
+.. _label_2:
+
+.. module:: module2a
+
+   text
+
+.. module:: module2b
+
+   text
+
+.. _label_3:
+
+.. module:: module3
+
+   text
+
+.. _label_auto_1a:
+.. _label_auto_1b:
+
+.. automodule:: automodule1
+
+   text
+
+.. _label_auto_2:
+
+.. automodule:: automodule2a
+
+   text
+
+.. automodule:: automodule2b
+
+   text
+
+.. _label_auto_3:
+
+.. automodule:: automodule3
+
+   text
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-labels/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-latex-labels/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-labels/conf.py
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-labels/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-latex-labels/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f3c4217
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-labels/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+latex-labels
+============
+
+figures
+-------
+
+.. _figure1:
+.. _figure2:
+
+.. figure:: logo.jpg
+
+   labeled figure
+
+.. figure:: logo.jpg
+   :name: figure3
+
+   labeled figure
+
+   with a legend
+
+code-blocks
+-----------
+
+.. _codeblock1:
+.. _codeblock2:
+
+.. code-block:: none
+
+   blah blah blah
+
+.. code-block:: none
+   :name: codeblock3
+
+   blah blah blah
+
+tables
+------
+
+.. _table1:
+.. _table2:
+
+.. table:: table caption
+
+   ==== ====
+   head head
+   cell cell
+   ==== ====
+
+.. table:: table caption
+   :name: table3
+
+   ==== ====
+   head head
+   cell cell
+   ==== ====
+
+.. _section1:
+.. _section2:
+
+subsection
+----------
+
+.. _section3:
+
+subsubsection
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. toctree::
+
+   otherdoc
+
+* Embedded standalone hyperlink reference(refs: #5948): `subsection <section1_>`_.
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-labels/otherdoc.rst b/tests/roots/test-latex-labels/otherdoc.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..55c5ca0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-labels/otherdoc.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+otherdoc
+========
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-numfig/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-latex-numfig/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..287bd1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-numfig/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+extensions = ['sphinx.ext.imgmath']  # for math_numfig
+
+latex_documents = [
+    ('indexmanual', 'SphinxManual.tex', 'Test numfig manual',
+     'Sphinx', 'manual'),
+    ('indexhowto', 'SphinxHowTo.tex', 'Test numfig howto',
+     'Sphinx', 'howto'),
+]
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-numfig/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-latex-numfig/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6b8b968
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-numfig/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+=================
+test-latex-numfig
+=================
+
+.. toctree::
+   :numbered:
+
+   indexmanual
+   indexhowto
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-numfig/indexhowto.rst b/tests/roots/test-latex-numfig/indexhowto.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4749f1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-numfig/indexhowto.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+=======================
+test-latex-numfig-howto
+=======================
+
+This is a part
+==============
+
+This is a section
+-----------------
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-numfig/indexmanual.rst b/tests/roots/test-latex-numfig/indexmanual.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8bab4fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-numfig/indexmanual.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+========================
+test-latex-numfig-manual
+========================
+
+First part
+==========
+
+This is chapter
+---------------
+
+This is section
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-table/_mytemplates/latex/longtable.tex_t b/tests/roots/test-latex-table/_mytemplates/latex/longtable.tex_t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e2cb1db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-table/_mytemplates/latex/longtable.tex_t
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+SALUT LES COPAINS
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-table/complex.rst b/tests/roots/test-latex-table/complex.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d648ff1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-table/complex.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+complex tables
+==============
+
+grid table
+----------
+
+.. rst-class:: nocolorrows
+
++---------+---------+---------+
+| header1 | header2 | header3 |
++=========+=========+=========+
+| cell1-1 | cell1-2 | cell1-3 |
++---------+         +---------+
+| cell2-1 |         | cell2-3 |
++         +---------+---------+
+|         | cell3-2-par1      |
++---------+                   |
+| cell4-1 | cell3-2-par2      |
++---------+---------+---------+
+| cell5-1                     |
++---------+---------+---------+
+
+grid table with tabularcolumns having no vline
+----------------------------------------------
+
+.. tabularcolumns:: TTT
+
++---------+---------+---------+
+| header1 | header2 | header3 |
++=========+=========+=========+
+| cell1-1 | cell1-2 | cell1-3 |
++---------+         +---------+
+| cell2-1 |         | cell2-3 |
++         +---------+---------+
+|         | cell3-2-par1      |
++---------+                   |
+| cell4-1 | cell3-2-par2      |
++---------+---------+---------+
+| cell5-1                     |
++---------+---------+---------+
+
+complex spanning cell
+---------------------
+
+table having ...
+
+* consecutive multirow at top of row (1-1 and 1-2)
+* consecutive multirow at end of row (1-4 and 1-5)
+
+.. rst-class:: standard
+
++-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
+|           |           |  cell1-3  |           |           |
+|           |           +-----------+           |  cell1-5  |
+|  cell1-1  |  cell1-2  |           |  cell1-4  |           |
+|           |           |  cell2-3  |           +-----------+
+|           |           |           |           |  cell3-5  |
++-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-table/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-latex-table/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-table/conf.py
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/complex_spanning_cell.tex b/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/complex_spanning_cell.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d2d6189
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/complex_spanning_cell.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+\label{\detokenize{complex:complex-spanning-cell}}
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+table having …
+\begin{itemize}
+\item {} 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+consecutive multirow at top of row (1\sphinxhyphen{}1 and 1\sphinxhyphen{}2)
+
+\item {} 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+consecutive multirow at end of row (1\sphinxhyphen{}4 and 1\sphinxhyphen{}5)
+
+\end{itemize}
+
+
+\begin{savenotes}\sphinxattablestart
+\sphinxthistablewithglobalstyle
+\sphinxthistablewithstandardstyle
+\centering
+\begin{tabulary}{\linewidth}[t]{|T|T|T|T|T|}
+\sphinxtoprule
+\sphinxtableatstartofbodyhook\sphinxmultirow{3}{1}{%
+\begin{varwidth}[t]{\sphinxcolwidth{1}{5}}
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell1\sphinxhyphen{}1
+\par
+\vskip-\baselineskip\vbox{\hbox{\strut}}\end{varwidth}%
+}%
+&\sphinxmultirow{3}{2}{%
+\begin{varwidth}[t]{\sphinxcolwidth{1}{5}}
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell1\sphinxhyphen{}2
+\par
+\vskip-\baselineskip\vbox{\hbox{\strut}}\end{varwidth}%
+}%
+&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell1\sphinxhyphen{}3
+&\sphinxmultirow{3}{4}{%
+\begin{varwidth}[t]{\sphinxcolwidth{1}{5}}
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell1\sphinxhyphen{}4
+\par
+\vskip-\baselineskip\vbox{\hbox{\strut}}\end{varwidth}%
+}%
+&\sphinxmultirow{2}{5}{%
+\begin{varwidth}[t]{\sphinxcolwidth{1}{5}}
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell1\sphinxhyphen{}5
+\par
+\vskip-\baselineskip\vbox{\hbox{\strut}}\end{varwidth}%
+}%
+\\
+\sphinxvlinecrossing{1}\sphinxcline{3-3}\sphinxvlinecrossing{4}\sphinxfixclines{5}\sphinxtablestrut{1}&\sphinxtablestrut{2}&\sphinxmultirow{2}{6}{%
+\begin{varwidth}[t]{\sphinxcolwidth{1}{5}}
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell2\sphinxhyphen{}3
+\par
+\vskip-\baselineskip\vbox{\hbox{\strut}}\end{varwidth}%
+}%
+&\sphinxtablestrut{4}&\sphinxtablestrut{5}\\
+\sphinxvlinecrossing{1}\sphinxvlinecrossing{2}\sphinxvlinecrossing{3}\sphinxcline{5-5}\sphinxfixclines{5}\sphinxtablestrut{1}&\sphinxtablestrut{2}&\sphinxtablestrut{6}&\sphinxtablestrut{4}&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell3\sphinxhyphen{}5
+\\
+\sphinxbottomrule
+\end{tabulary}
+\sphinxtableafterendhook\par
+\sphinxattableend\end{savenotes}
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/gridtable.tex b/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/gridtable.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..407abe7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/gridtable.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+\label{\detokenize{complex:grid-table}}
+
+\begin{savenotes}\sphinxattablestart
+\sphinxthistablewithglobalstyle
+\sphinxthistablewithnocolorrowsstyle
+\centering
+\begin{tabulary}{\linewidth}[t]{|T|T|T|}
+\sphinxtoprule
+\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header1
+&\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header2
+&\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header3
+\\
+\sphinxmidrule
+\sphinxtableatstartofbodyhook
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell1\sphinxhyphen{}1
+&\sphinxmultirow{2}{5}{%
+\begin{varwidth}[t]{\sphinxcolwidth{1}{3}}
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell1\sphinxhyphen{}2
+\par
+\vskip-\baselineskip\vbox{\hbox{\strut}}\end{varwidth}%
+}%
+&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell1\sphinxhyphen{}3
+\\
+\sphinxcline{1-1}\sphinxcline{3-3}\sphinxfixclines{3}\sphinxmultirow{2}{7}{%
+\begin{varwidth}[t]{\sphinxcolwidth{1}{3}}
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell2\sphinxhyphen{}1
+\par
+\vskip-\baselineskip\vbox{\hbox{\strut}}\end{varwidth}%
+}%
+&\sphinxtablestrut{5}&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell2\sphinxhyphen{}3
+\\
+\sphinxcline{2-3}\sphinxfixclines{3}\sphinxtablestrut{7}&\sphinxstartmulticolumn{2}%
+\sphinxmultirow{2}{9}{%
+\begin{varwidth}[t]{\sphinxcolwidth{2}{3}}
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell3\sphinxhyphen{}2\sphinxhyphen{}par1
+
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell3\sphinxhyphen{}2\sphinxhyphen{}par2
+\par
+\vskip-\baselineskip\vbox{\hbox{\strut}}\end{varwidth}%
+}%
+\sphinxstopmulticolumn
+\\
+\sphinxcline{1-1}\sphinxfixclines{3}
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell4\sphinxhyphen{}1
+&\multicolumn{2}{l|}{\sphinxtablestrut{9}}\\
+\sphinxhline\sphinxstartmulticolumn{3}%
+\begin{varwidth}[t]{\sphinxcolwidth{3}{3}}
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell5\sphinxhyphen{}1
+\par
+\vskip-\baselineskip\vbox{\hbox{\strut}}\end{varwidth}%
+\sphinxstopmulticolumn
+\\
+\sphinxbottomrule
+\end{tabulary}
+\sphinxtableafterendhook\par
+\sphinxattableend\end{savenotes}
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/gridtable_with_tabularcolumn.tex b/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/gridtable_with_tabularcolumn.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c77b990
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/gridtable_with_tabularcolumn.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+\label{\detokenize{complex:grid-table-with-tabularcolumns-having-no-vline}}
+
+\begin{savenotes}\sphinxattablestart
+\sphinxthistablewithglobalstyle
+\sphinxthistablewithnovlinesstyle
+\centering
+\begin{tabulary}{\linewidth}[t]{TTT}
+\sphinxtoprule
+\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header1
+&\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header2
+&\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header3
+\\
+\sphinxmidrule
+\sphinxtableatstartofbodyhook
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell1\sphinxhyphen{}1
+&\sphinxmultirow{2}{5}{%
+\begin{varwidth}[t]{\sphinxcolwidth{1}{3}}
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell1\sphinxhyphen{}2
+\par
+\vskip-\baselineskip\vbox{\hbox{\strut}}\end{varwidth}%
+}%
+&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell1\sphinxhyphen{}3
+\\
+\sphinxcline{1-1}\sphinxcline{3-3}\sphinxfixclines{3}\sphinxmultirow{2}{7}{%
+\begin{varwidth}[t]{\sphinxcolwidth{1}{3}}
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell2\sphinxhyphen{}1
+\par
+\vskip-\baselineskip\vbox{\hbox{\strut}}\end{varwidth}%
+}%
+&\sphinxtablestrut{5}&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell2\sphinxhyphen{}3
+\\
+\sphinxcline{2-3}\sphinxfixclines{3}\sphinxtablestrut{7}&\sphinxstartmulticolumn{2}%
+\sphinxmultirow{2}{9}{%
+\begin{varwidth}[t]{\sphinxcolwidth{2}{3}}
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell3\sphinxhyphen{}2\sphinxhyphen{}par1
+
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell3\sphinxhyphen{}2\sphinxhyphen{}par2
+\par
+\vskip-\baselineskip\vbox{\hbox{\strut}}\end{varwidth}%
+}%
+\sphinxstopmulticolumn
+\\
+\sphinxcline{1-1}\sphinxfixclines{3}
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell4\sphinxhyphen{}1
+&\multicolumn{2}{l}{\sphinxtablestrut{9}}\\
+\sphinxhline\sphinxstartmulticolumn{3}%
+\begin{varwidth}[t]{\sphinxcolwidth{3}{3}}
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell5\sphinxhyphen{}1
+\par
+\vskip-\baselineskip\vbox{\hbox{\strut}}\end{varwidth}%
+\sphinxstopmulticolumn
+\\
+\sphinxbottomrule
+\end{tabulary}
+\sphinxtableafterendhook\par
+\sphinxattableend\end{savenotes}
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/longtable.tex b/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/longtable.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1fe1022
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/longtable.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+\label{\detokenize{longtable:longtable}}
+
+\begin{savenotes}
+\sphinxatlongtablestart
+\sphinxthistablewithglobalstyle
+\sphinxthistablewithborderlessstyle
+\makeatletter
+  \LTleft \@totalleftmargin plus1fill
+  \LTright\dimexpr\columnwidth-\@totalleftmargin-\linewidth\relax plus1fill
+\makeatother
+\begin{longtable}{ll}
+\sphinxtoprule
+\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header1
+&\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header2
+\\
+\sphinxmidrule
+\endfirsthead
+
+\multicolumn{2}{c}{\sphinxnorowcolor
+    \makebox[0pt]{\sphinxtablecontinued{\tablename\ \thetable{} \textendash{} continued from previous page}}%
+}\\
+\sphinxtoprule
+\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header1
+&\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header2
+\\
+\sphinxmidrule
+\endhead
+
+\sphinxbottomrule
+\multicolumn{2}{r}{\sphinxnorowcolor
+    \makebox[0pt][r]{\sphinxtablecontinued{continues on next page}}%
+}\\
+\endfoot
+
+\endlastfoot
+\sphinxtableatstartofbodyhook
+
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell1\sphinxhyphen{}1
+&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell1\sphinxhyphen{}2
+\\
+\sphinxhline
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell2\sphinxhyphen{}1
+&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell2\sphinxhyphen{}2
+\\
+\sphinxhline
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell3\sphinxhyphen{}1
+&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell3\sphinxhyphen{}2
+\\
+\sphinxbottomrule
+\end{longtable}
+\sphinxtableafterendhook
+\sphinxatlongtableend
+\end{savenotes}
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/longtable_having_align.tex b/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/longtable_having_align.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a4df18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/longtable_having_align.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+\label{\detokenize{longtable:longtable-having-align-option}}
+
+\begin{savenotes}
+\sphinxatlongtablestart
+\sphinxthistablewithglobalstyle
+\makeatletter
+  \LTleft \@totalleftmargin plus1fill
+  \LTright\dimexpr\columnwidth-\@totalleftmargin-\linewidth\relax
+\makeatother
+\begin{longtable}{|l|l|}
+\sphinxtoprule
+\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header1
+&\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header2
+\\
+\sphinxmidrule
+\endfirsthead
+
+\multicolumn{2}{c}{\sphinxnorowcolor
+    \makebox[0pt]{\sphinxtablecontinued{\tablename\ \thetable{} \textendash{} continued from previous page}}%
+}\\
+\sphinxtoprule
+\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header1
+&\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header2
+\\
+\sphinxmidrule
+\endhead
+
+\sphinxbottomrule
+\multicolumn{2}{r}{\sphinxnorowcolor
+    \makebox[0pt][r]{\sphinxtablecontinued{continues on next page}}%
+}\\
+\endfoot
+
+\endlastfoot
+\sphinxtableatstartofbodyhook
+
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell1\sphinxhyphen{}1
+&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell1\sphinxhyphen{}2
+\\
+\sphinxhline
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell2\sphinxhyphen{}1
+&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell2\sphinxhyphen{}2
+\\
+\sphinxhline
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell3\sphinxhyphen{}1
+&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell3\sphinxhyphen{}2
+\\
+\sphinxbottomrule
+\end{longtable}
+\sphinxtableafterendhook
+\sphinxatlongtableend
+\end{savenotes}
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/longtable_having_caption.tex b/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/longtable_having_caption.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1aa65d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/longtable_having_caption.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+\label{\detokenize{longtable:longtable-having-caption}}
+
+\begin{savenotes}
+\sphinxatlongtablestart
+\sphinxthistablewithglobalstyle
+\makeatletter
+  \LTleft \@totalleftmargin plus1fill
+  \LTright\dimexpr\columnwidth-\@totalleftmargin-\linewidth\relax plus1fill
+\makeatother
+\begin{longtable}{|l|l|}
+\sphinxthelongtablecaptionisattop
+\caption{caption for longtable\strut}\label{\detokenize{longtable:id1}}\\*[\sphinxlongtablecapskipadjust]
+\sphinxtoprule
+\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header1
+&\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header2
+\\
+\sphinxmidrule
+\endfirsthead
+
+\multicolumn{2}{c}{\sphinxnorowcolor
+    \makebox[0pt]{\sphinxtablecontinued{\tablename\ \thetable{} \textendash{} continued from previous page}}%
+}\\
+\sphinxtoprule
+\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header1
+&\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header2
+\\
+\sphinxmidrule
+\endhead
+
+\sphinxbottomrule
+\multicolumn{2}{r}{\sphinxnorowcolor
+    \makebox[0pt][r]{\sphinxtablecontinued{continues on next page}}%
+}\\
+\endfoot
+
+\endlastfoot
+\sphinxtableatstartofbodyhook
+
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell1\sphinxhyphen{}1
+&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell1\sphinxhyphen{}2
+\\
+\sphinxhline
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell2\sphinxhyphen{}1
+&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell2\sphinxhyphen{}2
+\\
+\sphinxhline
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell3\sphinxhyphen{}1
+&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell3\sphinxhyphen{}2
+\\
+\sphinxbottomrule
+\end{longtable}
+\sphinxtableafterendhook
+\sphinxatlongtableend
+\end{savenotes}
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/longtable_having_problematic_cell.tex b/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/longtable_having_problematic_cell.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..240a760
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/longtable_having_problematic_cell.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+\label{\detokenize{longtable:longtable-having-problematic-cell}}
+
+\begin{savenotes}
+\sphinxatlongtablestart
+\sphinxthistablewithglobalstyle
+\makeatletter
+  \LTleft \@totalleftmargin plus1fill
+  \LTright\dimexpr\columnwidth-\@totalleftmargin-\linewidth\relax plus1fill
+\makeatother
+\begin{longtable}{|*{2}{\X{1}{2}|}}
+\sphinxtoprule
+\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header1
+&\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header2
+\\
+\sphinxmidrule
+\endfirsthead
+
+\multicolumn{2}{c}{\sphinxnorowcolor
+    \makebox[0pt]{\sphinxtablecontinued{\tablename\ \thetable{} \textendash{} continued from previous page}}%
+}\\
+\sphinxtoprule
+\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header1
+&\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header2
+\\
+\sphinxmidrule
+\endhead
+
+\sphinxbottomrule
+\multicolumn{2}{r}{\sphinxnorowcolor
+    \makebox[0pt][r]{\sphinxtablecontinued{continues on next page}}%
+}\\
+\endfoot
+
+\endlastfoot
+\sphinxtableatstartofbodyhook
+\begin{itemize}
+\item {} 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+item1
+
+\item {} 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+item2
+
+\end{itemize}
+&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell1\sphinxhyphen{}2
+\\
+\sphinxhline
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell2\sphinxhyphen{}1
+&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell2\sphinxhyphen{}2
+\\
+\sphinxhline
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell3\sphinxhyphen{}1
+&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell3\sphinxhyphen{}2
+\\
+\sphinxbottomrule
+\end{longtable}
+\sphinxtableafterendhook
+\sphinxatlongtableend
+\end{savenotes}
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/longtable_having_stub_columns_and_problematic_cell.tex b/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/longtable_having_stub_columns_and_problematic_cell.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..897830b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/longtable_having_stub_columns_and_problematic_cell.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+\label{\detokenize{longtable:longtable-having-both-stub-columns-and-problematic-cell}}
+
+\begin{savenotes}
+\sphinxatlongtablestart
+\sphinxthistablewithglobalstyle
+\makeatletter
+  \LTleft \@totalleftmargin plus1fill
+  \LTright\dimexpr\columnwidth-\@totalleftmargin-\linewidth\relax plus1fill
+\makeatother
+\begin{longtable}{|*{3}{\X{1}{3}|}}
+\sphinxtoprule
+\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header1
+&\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header2
+&\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header3
+\\
+\sphinxmidrule
+\endfirsthead
+
+\multicolumn{3}{c}{\sphinxnorowcolor
+    \makebox[0pt]{\sphinxtablecontinued{\tablename\ \thetable{} \textendash{} continued from previous page}}%
+}\\
+\sphinxtoprule
+\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header1
+&\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header2
+&\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header3
+\\
+\sphinxmidrule
+\endhead
+
+\sphinxbottomrule
+\multicolumn{3}{r}{\sphinxnorowcolor
+    \makebox[0pt][r]{\sphinxtablecontinued{continues on next page}}%
+}\\
+\endfoot
+
+\endlastfoot
+\sphinxtableatstartofbodyhook
+\sphinxstyletheadfamily \begin{itemize}
+\item {} 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+instub1\sphinxhyphen{}1a
+
+\item {} 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+instub1\sphinxhyphen{}1b
+
+\end{itemize}
+&\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+instub1\sphinxhyphen{}2
+&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+notinstub1\sphinxhyphen{}3
+\\
+\sphinxhline\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell2\sphinxhyphen{}1
+&\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell2\sphinxhyphen{}2
+&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell2\sphinxhyphen{}3
+\\
+\sphinxbottomrule
+\end{longtable}
+\sphinxtableafterendhook
+\sphinxatlongtableend
+\end{savenotes}
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/longtable_having_verbatim.tex b/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/longtable_having_verbatim.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b9f7512
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/longtable_having_verbatim.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+\label{\detokenize{longtable:longtable-having-verbatim}}
+
+\begin{savenotes}
+\sphinxatlongtablestart
+\sphinxthistablewithglobalstyle
+\makeatletter
+  \LTleft \@totalleftmargin plus1fill
+  \LTright\dimexpr\columnwidth-\@totalleftmargin-\linewidth\relax plus1fill
+\makeatother
+\begin{longtable}{|*{2}{\X{1}{2}|}}
+\sphinxtoprule
+\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header1
+&\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header2
+\\
+\sphinxmidrule
+\endfirsthead
+
+\multicolumn{2}{c}{\sphinxnorowcolor
+    \makebox[0pt]{\sphinxtablecontinued{\tablename\ \thetable{} \textendash{} continued from previous page}}%
+}\\
+\sphinxtoprule
+\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header1
+&\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header2
+\\
+\sphinxmidrule
+\endhead
+
+\sphinxbottomrule
+\multicolumn{2}{r}{\sphinxnorowcolor
+    \makebox[0pt][r]{\sphinxtablecontinued{continues on next page}}%
+}\\
+\endfoot
+
+\endlastfoot
+\sphinxtableatstartofbodyhook
+
+\begin{sphinxVerbatimintable}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
+\PYG{n}{hello} \PYG{n}{world}
+\end{sphinxVerbatimintable}
+&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell1\sphinxhyphen{}2
+\\
+\sphinxhline
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell2\sphinxhyphen{}1
+&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell2\sphinxhyphen{}2
+\\
+\sphinxhline
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell3\sphinxhyphen{}1
+&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell3\sphinxhyphen{}2
+\\
+\sphinxbottomrule
+\end{longtable}
+\sphinxtableafterendhook
+\sphinxatlongtableend
+\end{savenotes}
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/longtable_having_widths.tex b/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/longtable_having_widths.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..24dad79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/longtable_having_widths.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+\label{\detokenize{longtable:longtable-having-widths-option}}
+
+\begin{savenotes}
+\sphinxatlongtablestart
+\sphinxthistablewithglobalstyle
+\makeatletter
+  \LTleft \@totalleftmargin plus1fill
+  \LTright\dimexpr\columnwidth-\@totalleftmargin-\linewidth\relax plus1fill
+\makeatother
+\begin{longtable}{|\X{30}{100}|\X{70}{100}|}
+\noalign{\phantomsection\label{\detokenize{longtable:namedlongtable}}\label{\detokenize{longtable:mylongtable}}}%
+\sphinxtoprule
+\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header1
+&\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header2
+\\
+\sphinxmidrule
+\endfirsthead
+
+\multicolumn{2}{c}{\sphinxnorowcolor
+    \makebox[0pt]{\sphinxtablecontinued{\tablename\ \thetable{} \textendash{} continued from previous page}}%
+}\\
+\sphinxtoprule
+\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header1
+&\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header2
+\\
+\sphinxmidrule
+\endhead
+
+\sphinxbottomrule
+\multicolumn{2}{r}{\sphinxnorowcolor
+    \makebox[0pt][r]{\sphinxtablecontinued{continues on next page}}%
+}\\
+\endfoot
+
+\endlastfoot
+\sphinxtableatstartofbodyhook
+
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell1\sphinxhyphen{}1
+&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell1\sphinxhyphen{}2
+\\
+\sphinxhline
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell2\sphinxhyphen{}1
+&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell2\sphinxhyphen{}2
+\\
+\sphinxhline
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell3\sphinxhyphen{}1
+&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell3\sphinxhyphen{}2
+\\
+\sphinxbottomrule
+\end{longtable}
+\sphinxtableafterendhook
+\sphinxatlongtableend
+\end{savenotes}
+
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+See {\hyperref[\detokenize{longtable:mylongtable}]{\sphinxcrossref{mylongtable}}}, same as {\hyperref[\detokenize{longtable:namedlongtable}]{\sphinxcrossref{\DUrole{std,std-ref}{this one}}}}.
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/longtable_having_widths_and_problematic_cell.tex b/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/longtable_having_widths_and_problematic_cell.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b4758ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/longtable_having_widths_and_problematic_cell.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+\label{\detokenize{longtable:longtable-having-both-widths-and-problematic-cell}}
+
+\begin{savenotes}
+\sphinxatlongtablestart
+\sphinxthistablewithglobalstyle
+\makeatletter
+  \LTleft \@totalleftmargin plus1fill
+  \LTright\dimexpr\columnwidth-\@totalleftmargin-\linewidth\relax plus1fill
+\makeatother
+\begin{longtable}{|\X{30}{100}|\X{70}{100}|}
+\sphinxtoprule
+\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header1
+&\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header2
+\\
+\sphinxmidrule
+\endfirsthead
+
+\multicolumn{2}{c}{\sphinxnorowcolor
+    \makebox[0pt]{\sphinxtablecontinued{\tablename\ \thetable{} \textendash{} continued from previous page}}%
+}\\
+\sphinxtoprule
+\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header1
+&\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header2
+\\
+\sphinxmidrule
+\endhead
+
+\sphinxbottomrule
+\multicolumn{2}{r}{\sphinxnorowcolor
+    \makebox[0pt][r]{\sphinxtablecontinued{continues on next page}}%
+}\\
+\endfoot
+
+\endlastfoot
+\sphinxtableatstartofbodyhook
+\begin{itemize}
+\item {} 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+item1
+
+\item {} 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+item2
+
+\end{itemize}
+&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell1\sphinxhyphen{}2
+\\
+\sphinxhline
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell2\sphinxhyphen{}1
+&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell2\sphinxhyphen{}2
+\\
+\sphinxhline
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell3\sphinxhyphen{}1
+&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell3\sphinxhyphen{}2
+\\
+\sphinxbottomrule
+\end{longtable}
+\sphinxtableafterendhook
+\sphinxatlongtableend
+\end{savenotes}
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/longtable_with_tabularcolumn.tex b/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/longtable_with_tabularcolumn.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4c380fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/longtable_with_tabularcolumn.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+\label{\detokenize{longtable:longtable-with-tabularcolumn}}
+
+\begin{savenotes}
+\sphinxatlongtablestart
+\sphinxthistablewithglobalstyle
+\sphinxthistablewithvlinesstyle
+\makeatletter
+  \LTleft \@totalleftmargin plus1fill
+  \LTright\dimexpr\columnwidth-\@totalleftmargin-\linewidth\relax plus1fill
+\makeatother
+\begin{longtable}{|c|c|}
+\sphinxtoprule
+\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header1
+&\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header2
+\\
+\sphinxmidrule
+\endfirsthead
+
+\multicolumn{2}{c}{\sphinxnorowcolor
+    \makebox[0pt]{\sphinxtablecontinued{\tablename\ \thetable{} \textendash{} continued from previous page}}%
+}\\
+\sphinxtoprule
+\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header1
+&\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header2
+\\
+\sphinxmidrule
+\endhead
+
+\sphinxbottomrule
+\multicolumn{2}{r}{\sphinxnorowcolor
+    \makebox[0pt][r]{\sphinxtablecontinued{continues on next page}}%
+}\\
+\endfoot
+
+\endlastfoot
+\sphinxtableatstartofbodyhook
+
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell1\sphinxhyphen{}1
+&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell1\sphinxhyphen{}2
+\\
+\sphinxhline
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell2\sphinxhyphen{}1
+&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell2\sphinxhyphen{}2
+\\
+\sphinxhline
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell3\sphinxhyphen{}1
+&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell3\sphinxhyphen{}2
+\\
+\sphinxbottomrule
+\end{longtable}
+\sphinxtableafterendhook
+\sphinxatlongtableend
+\end{savenotes}
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/simple_table.tex b/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/simple_table.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7bd85c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/simple_table.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+\label{\detokenize{tabular:simple-table}}
+
+\begin{savenotes}\sphinxattablestart
+\sphinxthistablewithglobalstyle
+\centering
+\begin{tabulary}{\linewidth}[t]{|T|T|}
+\sphinxtoprule
+\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header1
+&\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header2
+\\
+\sphinxmidrule
+\sphinxtableatstartofbodyhook
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell1\sphinxhyphen{}1
+&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell1\sphinxhyphen{}2
+\\
+\sphinxhline
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell2\sphinxhyphen{}1
+&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell2\sphinxhyphen{}2
+\\
+\sphinxhline
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell3\sphinxhyphen{}1
+&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell3\sphinxhyphen{}2
+\\
+\sphinxbottomrule
+\end{tabulary}
+\sphinxtableafterendhook\par
+\sphinxattableend\end{savenotes}
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/table_having_caption.tex b/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/table_having_caption.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2ce553
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/table_having_caption.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+\label{\detokenize{tabular:table-having-caption}}
+
+\begin{savenotes}\sphinxattablestart
+\sphinxthistablewithglobalstyle
+\centering
+\sphinxcapstartof{table}
+\sphinxthecaptionisattop
+\sphinxcaption{caption for table}\label{\detokenize{tabular:id1}}
+\sphinxaftertopcaption
+\begin{tabulary}{\linewidth}[t]{|T|T|}
+\sphinxtoprule
+\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header1
+&\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header2
+\\
+\sphinxmidrule
+\sphinxtableatstartofbodyhook
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell1\sphinxhyphen{}1
+&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell1\sphinxhyphen{}2
+\\
+\sphinxhline
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell2\sphinxhyphen{}1
+&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell2\sphinxhyphen{}2
+\\
+\sphinxhline
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell3\sphinxhyphen{}1
+&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell3\sphinxhyphen{}2
+\\
+\sphinxbottomrule
+\end{tabulary}
+\sphinxtableafterendhook\par
+\sphinxattableend\end{savenotes}
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/table_having_problematic_cell.tex b/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/table_having_problematic_cell.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7d7ad4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/table_having_problematic_cell.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+\label{\detokenize{tabular:table-having-problematic-cell}}
+
+\begin{savenotes}\sphinxattablestart
+\sphinxthistablewithglobalstyle
+\centering
+\begin{tabular}[t]{|*{2}{\X{1}{2}|}}
+\sphinxtoprule
+\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header1
+&\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header2
+\\
+\sphinxmidrule
+\sphinxtableatstartofbodyhook\begin{itemize}
+\item {} 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+item1
+
+\item {} 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+item2
+
+\end{itemize}
+&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell1\sphinxhyphen{}2
+\\
+\sphinxhline
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell2\sphinxhyphen{}1
+&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell2\sphinxhyphen{}2
+\\
+\sphinxhline
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell3\sphinxhyphen{}1
+&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell3\sphinxhyphen{}2
+\\
+\sphinxbottomrule
+\end{tabular}
+\sphinxtableafterendhook\par
+\sphinxattableend\end{savenotes}
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/table_having_stub_columns_and_problematic_cell.tex b/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/table_having_stub_columns_and_problematic_cell.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fbd797a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/table_having_stub_columns_and_problematic_cell.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+\label{\detokenize{tabular:table-having-both-stub-columns-and-problematic-cell}}
+
+\begin{savenotes}\sphinxattablestart
+\sphinxthistablewithglobalstyle
+\centering
+\begin{tabular}[t]{|*{3}{\X{1}{3}|}}
+\sphinxtoprule
+\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header1
+&\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header2
+&\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header3
+\\
+\sphinxmidrule
+\sphinxtableatstartofbodyhook\sphinxstyletheadfamily \begin{itemize}
+\item {} 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+instub1\sphinxhyphen{}1a
+
+\item {} 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+instub1\sphinxhyphen{}1b
+
+\end{itemize}
+&\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+instub1\sphinxhyphen{}2
+&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+notinstub1\sphinxhyphen{}3
+\\
+\sphinxhline\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell2\sphinxhyphen{}1
+&\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell2\sphinxhyphen{}2
+&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell2\sphinxhyphen{}3
+\\
+\sphinxbottomrule
+\end{tabular}
+\sphinxtableafterendhook\par
+\sphinxattableend\end{savenotes}
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/table_having_threeparagraphs_cell_in_first_col.tex b/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/table_having_threeparagraphs_cell_in_first_col.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9acd9a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/table_having_threeparagraphs_cell_in_first_col.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+\label{\detokenize{tabular:table-with-cell-in-first-column-having-three-paragraphs}}
+
+\begin{savenotes}\sphinxattablestart
+\sphinxthistablewithglobalstyle
+\centering
+\begin{tabulary}{\linewidth}[t]{|T|}
+\sphinxtoprule
+\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header1
+\\
+\sphinxmidrule
+\sphinxtableatstartofbodyhook
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell1\sphinxhyphen{}1\sphinxhyphen{}par1
+
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell1\sphinxhyphen{}1\sphinxhyphen{}par2
+
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell1\sphinxhyphen{}1\sphinxhyphen{}par3
+\\
+\sphinxbottomrule
+\end{tabulary}
+\sphinxtableafterendhook\par
+\sphinxattableend\end{savenotes}
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/table_having_verbatim.tex b/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/table_having_verbatim.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a002de5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/table_having_verbatim.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+\label{\detokenize{tabular:table-having-verbatim}}
+
+\begin{savenotes}\sphinxattablestart
+\sphinxthistablewithglobalstyle
+\centering
+\begin{tabular}[t]{|*{2}{\X{1}{2}|}}
+\sphinxtoprule
+\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header1
+&\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header2
+\\
+\sphinxmidrule
+\sphinxtableatstartofbodyhook
+\begin{sphinxVerbatimintable}[commandchars=\\\{\}]
+\PYG{n}{hello} \PYG{n}{world}
+\end{sphinxVerbatimintable}
+&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell1\sphinxhyphen{}2
+\\
+\sphinxhline
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell2\sphinxhyphen{}1
+&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell2\sphinxhyphen{}2
+\\
+\sphinxhline
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell3\sphinxhyphen{}1
+&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell3\sphinxhyphen{}2
+\\
+\sphinxbottomrule
+\end{tabular}
+\sphinxtableafterendhook\par
+\sphinxattableend\end{savenotes}
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/table_having_widths.tex b/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/table_having_widths.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fe5f4c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/table_having_widths.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+\label{\detokenize{tabular:table-having-widths-option}}
+
+\begin{savenotes}\sphinxattablestart
+\sphinxthistablewithglobalstyle
+\sphinxthistablewithbooktabsstyle
+\sphinxthistablewithcolorrowsstyle
+\centering
+\phantomsection\label{\detokenize{tabular:namedtabular}}\label{\detokenize{tabular:mytabular}}\nobreak
+\begin{tabular}[t]{\X{30}{100}\X{70}{100}}
+\sphinxtoprule
+\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header1
+&\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header2
+\\
+\sphinxmidrule
+\sphinxtableatstartofbodyhook
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell1\sphinxhyphen{}1
+&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell1\sphinxhyphen{}2
+\\
+\sphinxhline
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell2\sphinxhyphen{}1
+&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell2\sphinxhyphen{}2
+\\
+\sphinxhline
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell3\sphinxhyphen{}1
+&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell3\sphinxhyphen{}2
+\\
+\sphinxbottomrule
+\end{tabular}
+\sphinxtableafterendhook\par
+\sphinxattableend\end{savenotes}
+
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+See {\hyperref[\detokenize{tabular:mytabular}]{\sphinxcrossref{\DUrole{std,std-ref}{this}}}}, same as {\hyperref[\detokenize{tabular:namedtabular}]{\sphinxcrossref{namedtabular}}}.
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/table_having_widths_and_problematic_cell.tex b/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/table_having_widths_and_problematic_cell.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1baf92c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/table_having_widths_and_problematic_cell.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+\label{\detokenize{tabular:table-having-both-widths-and-problematic-cell}}
+
+\begin{savenotes}\sphinxattablestart
+\sphinxthistablewithglobalstyle
+\centering
+\begin{tabular}[t]{|\X{30}{100}|\X{70}{100}|}
+\sphinxtoprule
+\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header1
+&\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header2
+\\
+\sphinxmidrule
+\sphinxtableatstartofbodyhook\begin{itemize}
+\item {} 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+item1
+
+\item {} 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+item2
+
+\end{itemize}
+&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell1\sphinxhyphen{}2
+\\
+\sphinxhline
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell2\sphinxhyphen{}1
+&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell2\sphinxhyphen{}2
+\\
+\sphinxhline
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell3\sphinxhyphen{}1
+&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell3\sphinxhyphen{}2
+\\
+\sphinxbottomrule
+\end{tabular}
+\sphinxtableafterendhook\par
+\sphinxattableend\end{savenotes}
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/tabular_having_widths.tex b/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/tabular_having_widths.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..15321d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/tabular_having_widths.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+\label{\detokenize{tabular:table-having-align-option-tabular}}
+
+\begin{savenotes}\sphinxattablestart
+\sphinxthistablewithglobalstyle
+\raggedright
+\begin{tabular}[t]{|\X{30}{100}|\X{70}{100}|}
+\sphinxtoprule
+\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header1
+&\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header2
+\\
+\sphinxmidrule
+\sphinxtableatstartofbodyhook
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell1\sphinxhyphen{}1
+&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell1\sphinxhyphen{}2
+\\
+\sphinxhline
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell2\sphinxhyphen{}1
+&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell2\sphinxhyphen{}2
+\\
+\sphinxhline
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell3\sphinxhyphen{}1
+&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell3\sphinxhyphen{}2
+\\
+\sphinxbottomrule
+\end{tabular}
+\sphinxtableafterendhook\par
+\sphinxattableend\end{savenotes}
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/tabularcolumn.tex b/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/tabularcolumn.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fcb01be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/tabularcolumn.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+\label{\detokenize{tabular:table-with-tabularcolumn}}
+
+\begin{savenotes}\sphinxattablestart
+\sphinxthistablewithglobalstyle
+\sphinxthistablewithnovlinesstyle
+\centering
+\begin{tabulary}{\linewidth}[t]{cc}
+\sphinxtoprule
+\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header1
+&\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header2
+\\
+\sphinxmidrule
+\sphinxtableatstartofbodyhook
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell1\sphinxhyphen{}1
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+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell1\sphinxhyphen{}2
+\\
+\sphinxhline
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell2\sphinxhyphen{}1
+&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell2\sphinxhyphen{}2
+\\
+\sphinxhline
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell3\sphinxhyphen{}1
+&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell3\sphinxhyphen{}2
+\\
+\sphinxbottomrule
+\end{tabulary}
+\sphinxtableafterendhook\par
+\sphinxattableend\end{savenotes}
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/tabulary_having_widths.tex b/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/tabulary_having_widths.tex
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2463416
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-table/expects/tabulary_having_widths.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+\label{\detokenize{tabular:table-having-align-option-tabulary}}
+
+\begin{savenotes}\sphinxattablestart
+\sphinxthistablewithglobalstyle
+\raggedleft
+\begin{tabulary}{\linewidth}[t]{|T|T|}
+\sphinxtoprule
+\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header1
+&\sphinxstyletheadfamily 
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+header2
+\\
+\sphinxmidrule
+\sphinxtableatstartofbodyhook
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell1\sphinxhyphen{}1
+&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell1\sphinxhyphen{}2
+\\
+\sphinxhline
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell2\sphinxhyphen{}1
+&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell2\sphinxhyphen{}2
+\\
+\sphinxhline
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell3\sphinxhyphen{}1
+&
+\sphinxAtStartPar
+cell3\sphinxhyphen{}2
+\\
+\sphinxbottomrule
+\end{tabulary}
+\sphinxtableafterendhook\par
+\sphinxattableend\end{savenotes}
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-table/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-latex-table/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..80dd110
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-table/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+test-latex-table
+================
+
+.. toctree::
+
+   tabular
+   longtable
+   complex
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-table/longtable.rst b/tests/roots/test-latex-table/longtable.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..da6fa5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-table/longtable.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+longtables
+==========
+
+longtable
+---------
+
+.. table::
+   :class: longtable, borderless
+
+   ======= =======
+   header1 header2
+   ======= =======
+   cell1-1 cell1-2
+   cell2-1 cell2-2
+   cell3-1 cell3-2
+   ======= =======
+
+longtable having :widths: option
+--------------------------------
+
+.. _mylongtable:
+
+.. table::
+   :class: longtable
+   :widths: 30,70
+   :name: namedlongtable
+
+   ======= =======
+   header1 header2
+   ======= =======
+   cell1-1 cell1-2
+   cell2-1 cell2-2
+   cell3-1 cell3-2
+   ======= =======
+
+See mylongtable_, same as :ref:`this one <namedlongtable>`.
+
+longtable having :align: option
+-------------------------------
+
+.. table::
+   :align: right
+   :class: longtable
+
+   ======= =======
+   header1 header2
+   ======= =======
+   cell1-1 cell1-2
+   cell2-1 cell2-2
+   cell3-1 cell3-2
+   ======= =======
+
+longtable with tabularcolumn
+----------------------------
+
+.. tabularcolumns:: |c|c|
+
+.. table::
+   :class: longtable
+
+   ======= =======
+   header1 header2
+   ======= =======
+   cell1-1 cell1-2
+   cell2-1 cell2-2
+   cell3-1 cell3-2
+   ======= =======
+
+longtable having caption
+------------------------
+
+.. list-table:: caption for longtable
+   :class: longtable
+   :header-rows: 1
+
+   * - header1
+     - header2
+   * - cell1-1
+     - cell1-2
+   * - cell2-1
+     - cell2-2
+   * - cell3-1
+     - cell3-2
+
+longtable having verbatim
+-------------------------
+
+.. list-table::
+   :class: longtable
+   :header-rows: 1
+
+   * - header1
+     - header2
+   * - ::
+
+         hello world
+
+     - cell1-2
+   * - cell2-1
+     - cell2-2
+   * - cell3-1
+     - cell3-2
+
+longtable having both :widths: and problematic cell
+---------------------------------------------------
+
+.. list-table::
+   :class: longtable
+   :header-rows: 1
+   :widths: 30,70
+
+   * - header1
+     - header2
+   * - + item1
+       + item2
+     - cell1-2
+   * - cell2-1
+     - cell2-2
+   * - cell3-1
+     - cell3-2
+
+longtable having problematic cell
+---------------------------------
+
+.. list-table::
+   :class: longtable
+   :header-rows: 1
+
+   * - header1
+     - header2
+   * - + item1
+       + item2
+     - cell1-2
+   * - cell2-1
+     - cell2-2
+   * - cell3-1
+     - cell3-2
+
+longtable having both stub columns and problematic cell
+-------------------------------------------------------
+
+.. list-table::
+   :class: longtable
+   :header-rows: 1
+   :stub-columns: 2
+
+   * - header1
+     - header2
+     - header3
+   * - + instub1-1a
+       + instub1-1b
+     - instub1-2
+     - notinstub1-3
+   * - cell2-1
+     - cell2-2
+     - cell2-3
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-table/tabular.rst b/tests/roots/test-latex-table/tabular.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..15db823
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-table/tabular.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+tabular and tabulary
+====================
+
+simple table
+------------
+
+======= =======
+header1 header2
+======= =======
+cell1-1 cell1-2
+cell2-1 cell2-2
+cell3-1 cell3-2
+======= =======
+
+table having :widths: option
+----------------------------
+
+.. _mytabular:
+
+.. table::
+   :widths: 30,70
+   :name: namedtabular
+   :class: booktabs, colorrows
+
+   ======= =======
+   header1 header2
+   ======= =======
+   cell1-1 cell1-2
+   cell2-1 cell2-2
+   cell3-1 cell3-2
+   ======= =======
+
+See :ref:`this <mytabular>`, same as namedtabular_.
+
+table having :align: option (tabulary)
+--------------------------------------
+
+.. table::
+   :align: right
+
+   ======= =======
+   header1 header2
+   ======= =======
+   cell1-1 cell1-2
+   cell2-1 cell2-2
+   cell3-1 cell3-2
+   ======= =======
+
+table having :align: option (tabular)
+-------------------------------------
+
+.. table::
+   :align: left
+   :widths: 30,70
+
+   ======= =======
+   header1 header2
+   ======= =======
+   cell1-1 cell1-2
+   cell2-1 cell2-2
+   cell3-1 cell3-2
+   ======= =======
+
+table with tabularcolumn
+------------------------
+
+.. tabularcolumns:: cc
+
+======= =======
+header1 header2
+======= =======
+cell1-1 cell1-2
+cell2-1 cell2-2
+cell3-1 cell3-2
+======= =======
+
+table with cell in first column having three paragraphs
+-------------------------------------------------------
+
++--------------+
+| header1      |
++==============+
+| cell1-1-par1 |
+|              |
+| cell1-1-par2 |
+|              |
+| cell1-1-par3 |
++--------------+
+
+
+table having caption
+--------------------
+
+.. list-table:: caption for table
+   :header-rows: 1
+
+   * - header1
+     - header2
+   * - cell1-1
+     - cell1-2
+   * - cell2-1
+     - cell2-2
+   * - cell3-1
+     - cell3-2
+
+table having verbatim
+---------------------
+
+.. list-table::
+   :header-rows: 1
+
+   * - header1
+     - header2
+   * - ::
+
+         hello world
+
+     - cell1-2
+   * - cell2-1
+     - cell2-2
+   * - cell3-1
+     - cell3-2
+
+table having both :widths: and problematic cell
+-----------------------------------------------
+
+.. list-table::
+   :header-rows: 1
+   :widths: 30,70
+
+   * - header1
+     - header2
+   * - + item1
+       + item2
+     - cell1-2
+   * - cell2-1
+     - cell2-2
+   * - cell3-1
+     - cell3-2
+
+table having problematic cell
+-----------------------------
+
+.. list-table::
+   :header-rows: 1
+
+   * - header1
+     - header2
+   * - + item1
+       + item2
+     - cell1-2
+   * - cell2-1
+     - cell2-2
+   * - cell3-1
+     - cell3-2
+
+table having both stub columns and problematic cell
+---------------------------------------------------
+
+.. list-table::
+   :header-rows: 1
+   :stub-columns: 2
+
+   * - header1
+     - header2
+     - header3
+   * - + instub1-1a
+       + instub1-1b
+     - instub1-2
+     - notinstub1-3
+   * - cell2-1
+     - cell2-2
+     - cell2-3
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-theme/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-latex-theme/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..196307a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-theme/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+latex_theme = 'custom'
+latex_theme_path = ['theme']
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-theme/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-latex-theme/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f5b1d53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-theme/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+latex_theme
+===========
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-theme/theme/custom/theme.conf b/tests/roots/test-latex-theme/theme/custom/theme.conf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad8df26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-theme/theme/custom/theme.conf
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+[theme]
+docclass = book
+wrapperclass = sphinxbook
+papersize = a4paper
+pointsize = 12pt
+toplevel_sectioning = chapter
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-title/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-latex-title/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6443316
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-title/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# set empty string to the third column to use the first section title to document title
+latex_documents = [
+    ('index', 'test.tex', '', 'Sphinx', 'report')
+]
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-title/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-latex-title/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..411ad00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-title/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+.. admonition:: Notice
+
+   This generates nodes.title node before first section title.
+
+test-latex-title
+================
+
+.. toctree::
+   :numbered:
+
+   foo
+   bar
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-unicode/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-latex-unicode/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-unicode/conf.py
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-latex-unicode/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-latex-unicode/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2abeca9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-latex-unicode/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+test-latex-unicode
+==================
+
+* script small e: ℯ
+* double struck italic small i: ⅈ
+* superscript: ⁰, ¹
+* subscript: ₀, ₁
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-anchors-ignore-for-url/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-anchors-ignore-for-url/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0005bfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-anchors-ignore-for-url/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+exclude_patterns = ['_build']
+linkcheck_anchors = True
+linkcheck_timeout = 0.05
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-anchors-ignore-for-url/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-anchors-ignore-for-url/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..df287b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-anchors-ignore-for-url/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+* `Example valid url, no anchor <http://localhost:7777/valid>`_
+* `Example valid url, valid anchor <http://localhost:7777/valid#valid-anchor>`_
+* `Example valid url, invalid anchor <http://localhost:7777/valid#invalid-anchor>`_
+* `Example ignored url, no anchor <http://localhost:7777/ignored>`_
+* `Example ignored url, invalid anchor <http://localhost:7777/ignored#invalid-anchor>`_
+* `Example invalid url, no anchor <http://localhost:7777/invalid>`_
+* `Example invalid url, invalid anchor <http://localhost:7777/invalid#anchor>`_
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-anchors-ignore/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-anchors-ignore/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0005bfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-anchors-ignore/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+exclude_patterns = ['_build']
+linkcheck_anchors = True
+linkcheck_timeout = 0.05
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-anchors-ignore/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-anchors-ignore/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..22a1379
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-anchors-ignore/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+* `Example Bar invalid <http://localhost:7777/#!bar>`_
+* `Example Bar invalid <http://localhost:7777/#top>`_
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-documents_exclude/br0ken_link.rst b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-documents_exclude/br0ken_link.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bf421f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-documents_exclude/br0ken_link.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Broken link
+===========
+
+Some links are `broken <https://www.sphinx-doc.org/this-is-another-broken-link>`__
+but sometimes not worrying about some broken links is a valid strategy.
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-documents_exclude/broken_link.rst b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-documents_exclude/broken_link.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..86e3bb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-documents_exclude/broken_link.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Broken link
+===========
+
+Some links are `broken <https://www.sphinx-doc.org/this-is-a-broken-link>`__
+but sometimes not worrying about some broken links is a valid strategy.
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-documents_exclude/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-documents_exclude/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..52388f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-documents_exclude/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+exclude_patterns = ['_build']
+linkcheck_exclude_documents = [
+    '^broken_link$',
+    'br[0-9]ken_link',
+]
+linkcheck_timeout = 0.05
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-documents_exclude/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-documents_exclude/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..57c39d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-documents_exclude/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+.. toctree::
+  broken_link
+  br0ken_link
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-localserver-anchor/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-localserver-anchor/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0005bfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-localserver-anchor/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+exclude_patterns = ['_build']
+linkcheck_anchors = True
+linkcheck_timeout = 0.05
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-localserver-anchor/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-localserver-anchor/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..807fe96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-localserver-anchor/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+`local server <http://localhost:7777/#anchor>`_
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-localserver-https/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-localserver-https/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a2ce01e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-localserver-https/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+exclude_patterns = ['_build']
+linkcheck_timeout = 0.05
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-localserver-https/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-localserver-https/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fea5983
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-localserver-https/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+`HTTPS server <https://localhost:7777/>`_
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-localserver-warn-redirects/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-localserver-warn-redirects/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a2ce01e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-localserver-warn-redirects/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+exclude_patterns = ['_build']
+linkcheck_timeout = 0.05
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-localserver-warn-redirects/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-localserver-warn-redirects/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7359bd5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-localserver-warn-redirects/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+`local server1 <http://localhost:7777/path1>`_
+
+`local server2 <http://localhost:7777/path2>`_
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-localserver/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-localserver/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a2ce01e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-localserver/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+exclude_patterns = ['_build']
+linkcheck_timeout = 0.05
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-localserver/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-localserver/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c617e94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-localserver/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+`local server <http://localhost:7777/>`_
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-raw-node/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-raw-node/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a2ce01e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-raw-node/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+exclude_patterns = ['_build']
+linkcheck_timeout = 0.05
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-raw-node/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-raw-node/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..76e26b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-raw-node/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+.. raw:: html
+   :url: http://localhost:7777/
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-too-many-retries/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-too-many-retries/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0005bfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-too-many-retries/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+exclude_patterns = ['_build']
+linkcheck_anchors = True
+linkcheck_timeout = 0.05
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-too-many-retries/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-too-many-retries/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..29b1ae4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck-too-many-retries/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+`Non-existing uri with localhost <https://localhost:7777/doesnotexist>`_
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-linkcheck/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6ddb41a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+root_doc = 'links'
+exclude_patterns = ['_build']
+linkcheck_anchors = True
+linkcheck_timeout = 0.05
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-linkcheck/links.rst b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck/links.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..88c757e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-linkcheck/links.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+Some additional anchors to exercise ignore code
+
+* `Valid url <http://localhost:7777/>`_
+* `Bar anchor invalid (trailing slash) <http://localhost:7777/#!bar>`_
+* `Bar anchor invalid <http://localhost:7777#!bar>`_ tests that default ignore anchor of #! does not need to be prefixed with /
+* `Top anchor invalid <http://localhost:7777/#top>`_
+* `'does-not-exist' anchor invalid <http://localhost:7777#does-not-exist>`_
+* `Valid local file <conf.py>`_
+* `Invalid local file <path/to/notfound>`_
+
+.. image:: http://localhost:7777/image.png
+.. figure:: http://localhost:7777/image2.png
+
+* `Valid anchored url <http://localhost:7777/anchor.html#found>`_
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-local-logo/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-local-logo/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a166c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-local-logo/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+latex_documents = [
+    ('index', 'test.tex', 'The basic Sphinx documentation for testing', 'Sphinx', 'report')
+]
+html_logo = "images/img.png"
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-local-logo/images/img.png b/tests/roots/test-local-logo/images/img.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a97e86d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-local-logo/images/img.png
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-local-logo/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-local-logo/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af12ed6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-local-logo/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+The basic Sphinx documentation for testing
+==========================================
+
+Sphinx is a tool that makes it easy to create intelligent and beautiful
+documentation for Python projects (or other documents consisting of multiple
+reStructuredText sources), written by Georg Brandl.  It was originally created
+for the new Python documentation, and has excellent facilities for Python
+project documentation, but C/C++ is supported as well, and more languages are
+planned.
+
+Sphinx uses reStructuredText as its markup language, and many of its strengths
+come from the power and straightforwardness of reStructuredText and its parsing
+and translating suite, the Docutils.
+
+features
+--------
+
+Among its features are the following:
+
+* Output formats: HTML (including derivative formats such as HTML Help, Epub
+  and Qt Help), plain text, manual pages and LaTeX or direct PDF output
+  using rst2pdf
+* Extensive cross-references: semantic markup and automatic links
+  for functions, classes, glossary terms and similar pieces of information
+* Hierarchical structure: easy definition of a document tree, with automatic
+  links to siblings, parents and children
+* Automatic indices: general index as well as a module index
+* Code handling: automatic highlighting using the Pygments highlighter
+* Flexible HTML output using the Jinja 2 templating engine
+* Various extensions are available, e.g. for automatic testing of snippets
+  and inclusion of appropriately formatted docstrings
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-locale/locale1/en/LC_MESSAGES/myext.mo b/tests/roots/test-locale/locale1/en/LC_MESSAGES/myext.mo
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6aa00f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-locale/locale1/en/LC_MESSAGES/myext.mo
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-locale/locale1/en/LC_MESSAGES/myext.po b/tests/roots/test-locale/locale1/en/LC_MESSAGES/myext.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ee1f6c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-locale/locale1/en/LC_MESSAGES/myext.po
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+msgid "Hello world"
+msgstr "HELLO WORLD"
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-locale/locale1/et/LC_MESSAGES/myext.mo b/tests/roots/test-locale/locale1/et/LC_MESSAGES/myext.mo
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c99a368
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-locale/locale1/et/LC_MESSAGES/myext.mo
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-locale/locale1/et/LC_MESSAGES/myext.po b/tests/roots/test-locale/locale1/et/LC_MESSAGES/myext.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1ecf6e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-locale/locale1/et/LC_MESSAGES/myext.po
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+msgid "Hello world"
+msgstr "Tere maailm"
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-locale/locale2/en/LC_MESSAGES/myext.mo b/tests/roots/test-locale/locale2/en/LC_MESSAGES/myext.mo
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..14c34d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-locale/locale2/en/LC_MESSAGES/myext.mo
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-locale/locale2/en/LC_MESSAGES/myext.po b/tests/roots/test-locale/locale2/en/LC_MESSAGES/myext.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d376cf9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-locale/locale2/en/LC_MESSAGES/myext.po
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+msgid "Hello sphinx"
+msgstr "HELLO SPHINX"
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-manpage_url/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-manpage_url/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a45d22e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-manpage_url/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+exclude_patterns = ['_build']
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-manpage_url/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-manpage_url/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..50d3b04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-manpage_url/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+ * :manpage:`man(1)`
+ * :manpage:`ls.1`
+ * :manpage:`sphinx`
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-markup-citation/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-markup-citation/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e274bde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-markup-citation/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+latex_documents = [
+    ('index', 'test.tex', 'The basic Sphinx documentation for testing', 'Sphinx', 'report')
+]
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-markup-citation/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-markup-citation/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..238f093
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-markup-citation/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+test-markup-citation
+=====================
+
+This is a citation ref; [CITE1]_ and [CITE2]_.
+
+.. [CITE1] This is a citation
+
+.. [CITE2] This is
+   a multiline citation
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-markup-rubric/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-markup-rubric/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e274bde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-markup-rubric/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+latex_documents = [
+    ('index', 'test.tex', 'The basic Sphinx documentation for testing', 'Sphinx', 'report')
+]
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-markup-rubric/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-markup-rubric/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c2ae68a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-markup-rubric/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+test-markup-rubric
+===================
+
+.. rubric:: This is a rubric
+
+.. rubric:: This is
+   a multiline rubric
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-maxlistdepth/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-maxlistdepth/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a3b12a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-maxlistdepth/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+exclude_patterns = ['_build']
+
+latex_elements = {
+    'maxlistdepth': '10',
+}
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-maxlistdepth/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-maxlistdepth/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5d9bc21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-maxlistdepth/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+test-maxlistdepth
+=================
+
+
+1. 1
+
+   1. 2
+
+      1. 3
+
+         1. 4
+
+            1. 5
+
+               1. 6
+
+                  1. 7
+
+                     1. 8
+
+                        1. 9
+
+                             10a
+
+                           - 10b
+
+                             .. code-block:: python
+
+                                 def foo():
+
+
+- 1
+
+   - 2
+
+      - 3
+
+         - 4
+
+            - 5
+
+               - 6
+
+                  - 7
+
+                     - 8
+
+                       1. 9
+
+                             10a
+
+                          1. 10b
+
+                             .. code-block:: python
+
+                                  def foo():
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-metadata/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-metadata/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-metadata/conf.py
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-metadata/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-metadata/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..42af665
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-metadata/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+:Author: David Goodger
+:Address: 123 Example Street
+          Example, EX  Canada
+          A1B 2C3
+:Contact: goodger@python.org
+:Authors: Me; Myself; I
+:organization: humankind
+:date: $Date: 2006-05-21 22:44:42 +0200 (Son, 21 Mai 2006) $
+:status: This is a "work in progress"
+:revision: $Revision: 4564 $
+:version: 1
+:copyright: This document has been placed in the public domain. You
+            may do with it as you wish. You may copy, modify,
+            redistribute, reattribute, sell, buy, rent, lease,
+            destroy, or improve it, quote it at length, excerpt,
+            incorporate, collate, fold, staple, or mutilate it, or do
+            anything else to it that your or anyone else's heart
+            desires.
+:field name: This is a generic bibliographic field.
+:field name 2:
+    Generic bibliographic fields may contain multiple body elements.
+
+    Like this.
+
+:Dedication:
+
+    For Docutils users & co-developers.
+
+:abstract:
+
+    This document is a demonstration of the reStructuredText markup
+    language, containing examples of all basic reStructuredText
+    constructs and many advanced constructs.
+
+:nocomments:
+:orphan:
+:tocdepth: 1
+
+.. meta::
+   :keywords: reStructuredText, demonstration, demo, parser
+   :description lang=en: A demonstration of the reStructuredText
+       markup language, containing examples of all basic
+       constructs and many advanced constructs.
+
+test-metadata
+==============
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-need-escaped/bar.rst b/tests/roots/test-need-escaped/bar.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1cccd3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-need-escaped/bar.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+bar
+===
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-need-escaped/baz.rst b/tests/roots/test-need-escaped/baz.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..52e2e72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-need-escaped/baz.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+baz
+===
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-need-escaped/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-need-escaped/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0461ea3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-need-escaped/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+project = 'need <b>"escaped"</b> project'
+smartquotes = False
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-need-escaped/foo.rst b/tests/roots/test-need-escaped/foo.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..70859b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-need-escaped/foo.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<foo>
+=====
+
+.. toctree::
+
+   quux
+
+foo "1"
+-------
+
+foo.1-1
+^^^^^^^
+
+foo.2
+-----
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-need-escaped/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-need-escaped/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9ef74e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-need-escaped/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+.. Sphinx Tests documentation master file, created by sphinx-quickstart on Wed Jun  4 23:49:58 2008.
+   You can adapt this file completely to your liking, but it should at least
+   contain the root `toctree` directive.
+
+Welcome to Sphinx Tests's documentation!
+========================================
+
+Contents:
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 2
+   :numbered:
+   :caption: Table of Contents
+   :name: mastertoc
+
+   foo
+   bar
+   http://sphinx-doc.org/
+   baz
+   qux
+
+.. index::
+   pair: "subsection"; <subsection>
+
+----------
+subsection
+----------
+
+subsubsection
+-------------
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-need-escaped/quux.rst b/tests/roots/test-need-escaped/quux.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..07dd0a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-need-escaped/quux.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+quux
+====
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-need-escaped/qux.rst b/tests/roots/test-need-escaped/qux.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..26176b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-need-escaped/qux.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+qux.rst has no section title
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-nested-enumerated-list/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-nested-enumerated-list/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-nested-enumerated-list/conf.py
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-nested-enumerated-list/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-nested-enumerated-list/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..28ad72f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-nested-enumerated-list/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+nested-enumerated-list
+======================
+
+5. Sphinx
+
+   d. Documentation builder
+   e. Egypt
+
+      10) Pyramid
+      11) Nile River
+
+          (x) Atbara
+          (y) Blue Nile
+          (#) Sobat
+          (#) Semliki
+          (#) Kagera
+
+6. Markup
+
+   iii. reStructuredText
+   iv. Markdown
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-nested-tables/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-nested-tables/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-nested-tables/conf.py
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-nested-tables/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-nested-tables/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..79110ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-nested-tables/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+nested-tables
+=============
+
+.. list-table::
+   :header-rows: 1
+
+   * - heading
+     - heading
+   * - content
+     - .. list-table::
+          :header-rows: 1
+
+          * - heading
+            - heading
+          * - content
+            - content
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-nitpicky-warnings/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-nitpicky-warnings/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2db221c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-nitpicky-warnings/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+nitpicky = True
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-nitpicky-warnings/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-nitpicky-warnings/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e73840d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-nitpicky-warnings/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+test-nitpicky-warnings
+======================
+
+:py:const:`prefix.anything.postfix`
+:py:class:`prefix.anything`
+:py:class:`anything.postfix`
+:js:class:`prefix.anything.postfix`
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-numbered-circular/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-numbered-circular/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a45d22e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-numbered-circular/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+exclude_patterns = ['_build']
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-numbered-circular/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-numbered-circular/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c3129cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-numbered-circular/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+.. toctree::
+   :numbered:
+
+   sub
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-numbered-circular/sub.rst b/tests/roots/test-numbered-circular/sub.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cebfd65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-numbered-circular/sub.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+.. toctree::
+
+   index
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-numfig/bar.rst b/tests/roots/test-numfig/bar.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c4367c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-numfig/bar.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+.. _bar:
+
+===
+Bar
+===
+
+.. _bar_a:
+
+Bar A
+=====
+
+.. figure:: rimg.png
+
+   should be Fig.2.1
+
+.. csv-table:: should be Table 2.1
+   :header-rows: 0
+
+   hello,world
+
+.. code-block:: python
+   :caption: should be List 2.1
+
+   print('hello world')
+
+.. toctree::
+
+   baz
+
+.. figure:: rimg.png
+
+   should be Fig.2.3
+
+.. csv-table:: should be Table 2.3
+   :header-rows: 0
+
+   hello,world
+
+.. code-block:: python
+   :caption: should be List 2.3
+
+   print('hello world')
+
+.. _bar_b:
+
+Bar B
+=====
+
+.. _bar_b1:
+
+Bar B1
+------
+
+.. figure:: rimg.png
+
+   should be Fig.2.4
+
+.. csv-table:: should be Table 2.4
+   :header-rows: 0
+
+   hello,world
+
+.. code-block:: python
+   :caption: should be List 2.4
+
+   print('hello world')
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-numfig/baz.rst b/tests/roots/test-numfig/baz.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3ac684b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-numfig/baz.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+.. _baz_a:
+
+Baz A
+-----
+
+.. _fig22:
+
+.. figure:: rimg.png
+
+   should be Fig.2.2
+
+.. _table22:
+
+.. csv-table:: should be Table 2.2
+   :header-rows: 0
+
+   hello,world
+
+.. _CODE22:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+   :caption: should be List 2.2
+
+   print('hello world')
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-numfig/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-numfig/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a45d22e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-numfig/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+exclude_patterns = ['_build']
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-numfig/foo.rst b/tests/roots/test-numfig/foo.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6b6a865
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-numfig/foo.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+.. _foo:
+
+===
+Foo
+===
+
+.. figure:: rimg.png
+
+   should be Fig.1.1
+
+.. csv-table:: should be Table 1.1
+   :header-rows: 0
+
+   hello,world
+
+.. code-block:: python
+   :caption: should be List 1.1
+
+   print('hello world')
+
+.. _foo_a:
+
+Foo A
+=====
+
+.. figure:: rimg.png
+
+   should be Fig.1.2
+
+.. figure:: rimg.png
+
+   should be Fig.1.3
+
+.. csv-table:: should be Table 1.2
+   :header-rows: 0
+
+   hello,world
+
+.. csv-table:: should be Table 1.3
+   :header-rows: 0
+
+   hello,world
+
+.. code-block:: python
+   :caption: should be List 1.2
+
+   print('hello world')
+
+.. code-block:: python
+   :caption: should be List 1.3
+
+   print('hello world')
+
+.. _foo_a1:
+
+Foo A1
+------
+
+.. _foo_b:
+
+Foo B
+=====
+
+.. _foo_b1:
+
+Foo B1
+------
+
+.. figure:: rimg.png
+
+   should be Fig.1.4
+
+.. csv-table:: should be Table 1.4
+   :header-rows: 0
+
+   hello,world
+
+.. code-block:: python
+   :caption: should be List 1.4
+
+   print('hello world')
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-numfig/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-numfig/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9399038
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-numfig/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+.. _index:
+
+test-tocdepth
+=============
+
+.. toctree::
+   :numbered:
+
+   foo
+   bar
+
+.. _fig1:
+
+.. figure:: rimg.png
+
+   should be Fig.1
+
+.. figure:: rimg.png
+
+   should be Fig.2
+
+.. _table-1:
+
+.. csv-table:: should be Table 1
+   :header-rows: 0
+
+   hello,world
+
+.. csv-table:: should be Table 2
+   :header-rows: 0
+
+   hello,world
+
+.. _CODE_1:
+
+.. code-block:: python
+   :caption: should be List 1
+
+   print('hello world')
+
+.. code-block:: python
+   :caption: should be List 2
+
+   print('hello world')
+
+
+* Fig.1 is :numref:`fig1`
+* Fig.2.2 is :numref:`Figure%s <fig22>`
+* Table.1 is :numref:`table-1`
+* Table.2.2 is :numref:`Table:%s <table22>`
+* List.1 is :numref:`CODE_1`
+* List.2.2 is :numref:`Code-%s <CODE22>`
+* Section.1 is :numref:`foo`
+* Section.2.1 is :numref:`bar_a`
+* Unnumbered section is :numref:`index`
+* Invalid numfig_format 01: :numref:`invalid <fig1>`
+* Invalid numfig_format 02: :numref:`Fig %s %s <fig1>`
+* Fig.1 is :numref:`Fig.{number} {name} <fig1>`
+* Section.1 is :numref:`Sect.{number} {name} <foo>`
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-numfig/rimg.png b/tests/roots/test-numfig/rimg.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fda6cd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-numfig/rimg.png
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-object-description-sections/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-object-description-sections/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-object-description-sections/conf.py
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-object-description-sections/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-object-description-sections/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1892f94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-object-description-sections/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+.. py:function:: func()
+
+   Overview
+   --------
+
+   Lorem ipsum dolar sit amet
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-productionlist/Bare.rst b/tests/roots/test-productionlist/Bare.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ea9213
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-productionlist/Bare.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+Bare
+====
+
+.. productionlist::
+	A: `A` | somethingA
+	B: `B` | somethingB
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-productionlist/Dup1.rst b/tests/roots/test-productionlist/Dup1.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5cd09cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-productionlist/Dup1.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Dup1
+====
+
+.. productionlist::
+	Dup: `Dup` | somethingDup
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-productionlist/Dup2.rst b/tests/roots/test-productionlist/Dup2.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1d66375
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-productionlist/Dup2.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Dup2
+====
+
+.. productionlist::
+	Dup: `Dup` | somethingDup
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-productionlist/LineContinuation.rst b/tests/roots/test-productionlist/LineContinuation.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4943e8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-productionlist/LineContinuation.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+LineContinuation
+================
+
+.. productionlist:: lineContinuation
+	A: B C D \
+	   E F G
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-productionlist/P1.rst b/tests/roots/test-productionlist/P1.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f9a863
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-productionlist/P1.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+P1
+==
+
+.. productionlist:: P1
+	A: `A` | somethingA
+	B: `B` | somethingB
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-productionlist/P2.rst b/tests/roots/test-productionlist/P2.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e6c3bc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-productionlist/P2.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+P2
+==
+
+.. productionlist:: P2
+	A: `A` | somethingA
+	B: `B` | somethingB
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-productionlist/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-productionlist/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a45d22e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-productionlist/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+exclude_patterns = ['_build']
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-productionlist/firstLineRule.rst b/tests/roots/test-productionlist/firstLineRule.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..30ea6e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-productionlist/firstLineRule.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+FirstLineRule
+=============
+
+.. productionlist:: FirstLine: something
+	SecondLine: somethingElse
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-productionlist/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-productionlist/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a0b978
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-productionlist/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+.. toctree::
+
+   P1
+   P2
+   Bare
+   Dup1
+   Dup2
+   firstLineRule
+   LineContinuation
+
+- A: :token:`A`
+- B: :token:`B`
+- P1:A: :token:`P1:A`
+- P1:B: :token:`P1:B`
+- P2:A: :token:`P1:A`
+- P2:B: :token:`P2:B`
+- Explicit title A, plain: :token:`MyTitle <A>`
+- Explicit title A, colon: :token:`My:Title <A>`
+- Explicit title P1:A, plain: :token:`MyTitle <P1:A>`
+- Explicit title P1:A, colon: :token:`My:Title <P1:A>`
+- Tilde A: :token:`~A`.
+- Tilde P1:A: :token:`~P1:A`.
+- Tilde explicit title P1:A: :token:`~MyTitle <P1:A>`
+- Tilde, explicit title P1:A: :token:`MyTitle <~P1:A>`
+- Dup: :token:`Dup`
+- FirstLine: :token:`FirstLine`
+- SecondLine: :token:`SecondLine`
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-prolog/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-prolog/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f6be09c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-prolog/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+import os
+import sys
+
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('.'))
+
+
+extensions = ['prolog_markdown_parser']
+
+rst_prolog = '*Hello world*.\n\n'
+rst_epilog = '\n\n*Good-bye world*.'
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-prolog/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-prolog/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2178d73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-prolog/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+prolog and epilog
+=================
+
+.. toctree::
+
+   restructuredtext
+   markdown
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-prolog/markdown.md b/tests/roots/test-prolog/markdown.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e400720
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-prolog/markdown.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# sample document
+
+This is a sample document in markdown
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-prolog/prolog_markdown_parser.py b/tests/roots/test-prolog/prolog_markdown_parser.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f8d787c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-prolog/prolog_markdown_parser.py
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+from docutils.parsers import Parser
+
+
+class DummyMarkdownParser(Parser):
+    supported = ('markdown',)
+
+    def parse(self, inputstring, document):
+        document.rawsource = inputstring
+
+
+def setup(app):
+    app.add_source_suffix('.md', 'markdown')
+    app.add_source_parser(DummyMarkdownParser)
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-prolog/restructuredtext.rst b/tests/roots/test-prolog/restructuredtext.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f1fafb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-prolog/restructuredtext.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+sample document
+===============
+
+This is a sample document in reST
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-pycode/cp_1251_coded.py b/tests/roots/test-pycode/cp_1251_coded.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..43d98f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-pycode/cp_1251_coded.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#!python

+# -*- coding: windows-1251 -*-

+

+X="�" #:It MUST look like X="�"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-reST-code-block/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-reST-code-block/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-reST-code-block/conf.py
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-reST-code-block/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-reST-code-block/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a7c7df0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-reST-code-block/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+.. code-block::
+   :linenos:
+
+   def hello(name)
+       print("hello", name)
+
+   hello("Sphinx")
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-reST-code-role/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-reST-code-role/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-reST-code-role/conf.py
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-reST-code-role/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-reST-code-role/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5be6bfc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-reST-code-role/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+.. role:: python(code)
+   :language: python
+   :class: highlight
+
+Inline :python:`def foo(1 + 2 + None + "abc"): pass` code block
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   def foo(1 + 2 + None + "abc"): pass
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-refonly_bullet_list/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-refonly_bullet_list/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bdccf9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-refonly_bullet_list/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+html_compact_lists = False
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-refonly_bullet_list/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-refonly_bullet_list/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9d8539d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-refonly_bullet_list/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+test-refonly_bullet_list
+========================
+
+List A:
+
+* :ref:`genindex`
+* :ref:`modindex`
+* :ref:`search`
+
+List B:
+
+* Hello
+* Sphinx
+* World
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-remote-logo/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-remote-logo/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..07949ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-remote-logo/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+latex_documents = [
+    ('index', 'test.tex', 'The basic Sphinx documentation for testing', 'Sphinx', 'report')
+]
+html_logo = "https://www.python.org/static/img/python-logo.png"
+html_favicon = "https://www.python.org/static/favicon.ico"
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-remote-logo/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-remote-logo/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af12ed6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-remote-logo/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+The basic Sphinx documentation for testing
+==========================================
+
+Sphinx is a tool that makes it easy to create intelligent and beautiful
+documentation for Python projects (or other documents consisting of multiple
+reStructuredText sources), written by Georg Brandl.  It was originally created
+for the new Python documentation, and has excellent facilities for Python
+project documentation, but C/C++ is supported as well, and more languages are
+planned.
+
+Sphinx uses reStructuredText as its markup language, and many of its strengths
+come from the power and straightforwardness of reStructuredText and its parsing
+and translating suite, the Docutils.
+
+features
+--------
+
+Among its features are the following:
+
+* Output formats: HTML (including derivative formats such as HTML Help, Epub
+  and Qt Help), plain text, manual pages and LaTeX or direct PDF output
+  using rst2pdf
+* Extensive cross-references: semantic markup and automatic links
+  for functions, classes, glossary terms and similar pieces of information
+* Hierarchical structure: easy definition of a document tree, with automatic
+  links to siblings, parents and children
+* Automatic indices: general index as well as a module index
+* Code handling: automatic highlighting using the Pygments highlighter
+* Flexible HTML output using the Jinja 2 templating engine
+* Various extensions are available, e.g. for automatic testing of snippets
+  and inclusion of appropriately formatted docstrings
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-roles-download/another/dummy.dat b/tests/roots/test-roles-download/another/dummy.dat
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f6d9fed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-roles-download/another/dummy.dat
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+this one will have some content
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-roles-download/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-roles-download/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e274bde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-roles-download/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+latex_documents = [
+    ('index', 'test.tex', 'The basic Sphinx documentation for testing', 'Sphinx', 'report')
+]
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-roles-download/dummy.dat b/tests/roots/test-roles-download/dummy.dat
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-roles-download/dummy.dat
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-roles-download/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-roles-download/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cdb075e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-roles-download/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+test-roles-download
+===================
+
+* :download:`dummy.dat`
+* :download:`another/dummy.dat`
+* :download:`not_found.dat`
+* :download:`Sphinx logo <http://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/_static/sphinxheader.png>`
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-root/Makefile b/tests/roots/test-root/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..85a93bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-root/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+# Makefile for Sphinx documentation
+#
+
+# You can set these variables from the command line.
+SPHINXOPTS    =
+SPHINXBUILD   = sphinx-build
+
+# Internal variables.
+ALLSPHINXOPTS   = -d _build/doctrees $(SPHINXOPTS) .
+
+.PHONY: help clean html web pickle htmlhelp latex changes linkcheck
+
+help:
+	@echo "Please use \`make <target>' where <target> is one of"
+	@echo "  html      to make standalone HTML files"
+	@echo "  pickle    to make pickle files (usable by e.g. sphinx-web)"
+	@echo "  htmlhelp  to make HTML files and an HTML help project"
+	@echo "  latex     to make LaTeX files"
+	@echo "  changes   to make an overview over all changed/added/deprecated items"
+	@echo "  linkcheck to check all external links for integrity"
+
+clean:
+	rm -rf _build/*
+
+html:
+	mkdir -p _build/html _build/doctrees
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b html $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) _build/html
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished. The HTML pages are in _build/html."
+
+pickle:
+	mkdir -p _build/pickle _build/doctrees
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b pickle $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) _build/pickle
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished; now you can process the pickle files or run"
+	@echo "  sphinx-web _build/pickle"
+	@echo "to start the sphinx-web server."
+
+web: pickle
+
+htmlhelp:
+	mkdir -p _build/htmlhelp _build/doctrees
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b htmlhelp $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) _build/htmlhelp
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished; now you can run HTML Help Workshop with the" \
+	      ".hhp project file in _build/htmlhelp."
+
+latex:
+	mkdir -p _build/latex _build/doctrees
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b latex $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) _build/latex
+	@echo
+	@echo "Build finished; the LaTeX files are in _build/latex."
+	@echo "Run \`make all-pdf' or \`make all-ps' in that directory to" \
+	      "run these through (pdf)latex."
+
+changes:
+	mkdir -p _build/changes _build/doctrees
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b changes $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) _build/changes
+	@echo
+	@echo "The overview file is in _build/changes."
+
+linkcheck:
+	mkdir -p _build/linkcheck _build/doctrees
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b linkcheck $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) _build/linkcheck
+	@echo
+	@echo "Link check complete; look for any errors in the above output " \
+	      "or in _build/linkcheck/output.txt."
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-root/_templates/contentssb.html b/tests/roots/test-root/_templates/contentssb.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d0c276a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-root/_templates/contentssb.html
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+{# sidebar only for contents document #}
+<h4>Contents sidebar</h4>
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-root/_templates/customsb.html b/tests/roots/test-root/_templates/customsb.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0cd6735
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-root/_templates/customsb.html
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{# custom sidebar template #}
+<h4>Custom sidebar</h4>
+
+{{ toctree(titles_only=True, maxdepth=1) }}
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-root/_templates/layout.html b/tests/roots/test-root/_templates/layout.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..db685b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-root/_templates/layout.html
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+{% extends "!layout.html" %}
+
+{% block extrahead %}
+{# html_context variable from conf.py #}
+<meta name="hc" content="{{ hckey }}" />
+{# html_context variable from confoverrides (as if given on cmdline) #}
+<meta name="hc_co" content="{{ hckey_co }}" />
+{{ super() }}
+{% endblock %}
+
+{% block sidebartoc %}
+{# display global TOC in addition to local TOC #}
+{{ super() }}
+{{ toctree(collapse=False, maxdepth=-1) }}
+{% endblock %}
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-root/autodoc.txt b/tests/roots/test-root/autodoc.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..959ab2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-root/autodoc.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+Autodoc tests
+=============
+
+Just testing a few autodoc possibilities...
+
+.. automodule:: autodoc_target
+   :members:
+
+.. autofunction:: function
+
+.. autoclass:: Class
+   :inherited-members:
+
+   Additional content.
+
+.. autoclass:: Outer
+   :members: Inner
+
+.. autoattribute:: Class.docattr
+
+.. autoexception:: CustomEx
+   :members: f
+
+.. autoclass:: CustomDict
+   :show-inheritance:
+   :members:
+
+
+.. currentmodule:: autodoc_target
+
+.. autoclass:: InstAttCls
+   :members:
+
+   All members (5 total)
+
+.. autoclass:: InstAttCls
+   :members: ca1, ia1
+
+   Specific members (2 total)
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-root/autodoc_target.py b/tests/roots/test-root/autodoc_target.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..59f6c74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-root/autodoc_target.py
@@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+import enum
+from io import StringIO
+
+__all__ = ['Class']
+
+#: documentation for the integer
+integer = 1
+
+
+def raises(exc, func, *args, **kwds):
+    """Raise AssertionError if ``func(*args, **kwds)`` does not raise *exc*."""
+    pass
+
+
+class CustomEx(Exception):
+    """My custom exception."""
+
+    def f(self):
+        """Exception method."""
+
+
+class CustomDataDescriptor:
+    """Descriptor class docstring."""
+
+    def __init__(self, doc):
+        self.__doc__ = doc
+
+    def __get__(self, obj, type=None):
+        if obj is None:
+            return self
+        return 42
+
+    def meth(self):
+        """Function."""
+        return "The Answer"
+
+
+class CustomDataDescriptorMeta(type):
+    """Descriptor metaclass docstring."""
+
+
+class CustomDataDescriptor2(CustomDataDescriptor):
+    """Descriptor class with custom metaclass docstring."""
+    __metaclass__ = CustomDataDescriptorMeta
+
+
+def _funky_classmethod(name, b, c, d, docstring=None):
+    """Generates a classmethod for a class from a template by filling out
+    some arguments."""
+    def template(cls, a, b, c, d=4, e=5, f=6):
+        return a, b, c, d, e, f
+    from functools import partial
+    function = partial(template, b=b, c=c, d=d)
+    function.__name__ = name
+    function.__doc__ = docstring
+    return classmethod(function)
+
+
+class Base:
+    def inheritedmeth(self):
+        """Inherited function."""
+
+
+class Derived(Base):
+    def inheritedmeth(self):
+        # no docstring here
+        pass
+
+
+class Class(Base):
+    """Class to document."""
+
+    descr = CustomDataDescriptor("Descriptor instance docstring.")
+
+    def meth(self):
+        """Function."""
+
+    def undocmeth(self):
+        pass
+
+    def skipmeth(self):
+        """Method that should be skipped."""
+
+    def excludemeth(self):
+        """Method that should be excluded."""
+
+    # should not be documented
+    skipattr = 'foo'
+
+    #: should be documented -- süß
+    attr = 'bar'
+
+    @property
+    def prop(self):
+        """Property."""
+
+    docattr = 'baz'
+    """should likewise be documented -- süß"""
+
+    udocattr = 'quux'
+    """should be documented as well - süß"""
+
+    # initialized to any class imported from another module
+    mdocattr = StringIO()
+    """should be documented as well - süß"""
+
+    roger = _funky_classmethod("roger", 2, 3, 4)
+
+    moore = _funky_classmethod("moore", 9, 8, 7,
+                               docstring="moore(a, e, f) -> happiness")
+
+    def __init__(self, arg):
+        self.inst_attr_inline = None  #: an inline documented instance attr
+        #: a documented instance attribute
+        self.inst_attr_comment = None
+        self.inst_attr_string = None
+        """a documented instance attribute"""
+        self._private_inst_attr = None  #: a private instance attribute
+
+    def __special1__(self):
+        """documented special method"""
+
+    def __special2__(self):
+        # undocumented special method
+        pass
+
+
+class CustomDict(dict):
+    """Docstring."""
+
+
+def function(foo, *args, **kwds):
+    """
+    Return spam.
+    """
+    pass
+
+
+class Outer:
+    """Foo"""
+
+    class Inner:
+        """Foo"""
+
+        def meth(self):
+            """Foo"""
+
+    # should be documented as an alias
+    factory = dict
+
+
+class DocstringSig:
+    def meth(self):
+        """meth(FOO, BAR=1) -> BAZ
+First line of docstring
+
+        rest of docstring
+        """
+
+    def meth2(self):
+        """First line, no signature
+        Second line followed by indentation::
+
+            indented line
+        """
+
+    @property
+    def prop1(self):
+        """DocstringSig.prop1(self)
+        First line of docstring
+        """
+        return 123
+
+    @property
+    def prop2(self):
+        """First line of docstring
+        Second line of docstring
+        """
+        return 456
+
+
+class StrRepr(str):
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return self
+
+
+class AttCls:
+    a1 = StrRepr('hello\nworld')
+    a2 = None
+
+
+class InstAttCls:
+    """Class with documented class and instance attributes."""
+
+    #: Doc comment for class attribute InstAttCls.ca1.
+    #: It can have multiple lines.
+    ca1 = 'a'
+
+    ca2 = 'b'    #: Doc comment for InstAttCls.ca2. One line only.
+
+    ca3 = 'c'
+    """Docstring for class attribute InstAttCls.ca3."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        #: Doc comment for instance attribute InstAttCls.ia1
+        self.ia1 = 'd'
+
+        self.ia2 = 'e'
+        """Docstring for instance attribute InstAttCls.ia2."""
+
+
+class EnumCls(enum.Enum):
+    """
+    this is enum class
+    """
+
+    #: doc for val1
+    val1 = 12
+    val2 = 23  #: doc for val2
+    val3 = 34
+    """doc for val3"""
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-root/bom.txt b/tests/roots/test-root/bom.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3fea824
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-root/bom.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+File with UTF-8 BOM
+===================
+
+This file has a UTF-8 "BOM".
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-root/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-root/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..154d4d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-root/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+import os
+import sys
+
+from docutils import nodes
+from docutils.parsers.rst import Directive
+
+from sphinx import addnodes
+
+sys.path.append(os.path.abspath('.'))
+
+extensions = ['sphinx.ext.autodoc',
+              'sphinx.ext.todo',
+              'sphinx.ext.coverage',
+              'sphinx.ext.extlinks']
+
+jsmath_path = 'dummy.js'
+
+templates_path = ['_templates']
+
+source_suffix = ['.txt', '.add', '.foo']
+
+project = 'Sphinx <Tests>'
+copyright = '1234-6789, copyright text credits'
+# If this is changed, remember to update the versionchanges!
+version = '0.6'
+release = '0.6alpha1'
+today_fmt = '%B %d, %Y'
+exclude_patterns = ['_build', '**/excluded.*']
+keep_warnings = True
+pygments_style = 'sphinx'
+show_authors = True
+numfig = True
+
+html_sidebars = {'**': ['localtoc.html', 'relations.html', 'sourcelink.html',
+                        'customsb.html', 'searchbox.html'],
+                 'index': ['contentssb.html', 'localtoc.html', 'globaltoc.html']}
+html_last_updated_fmt = '%b %d, %Y'
+html_context = {'hckey': 'hcval', 'hckey_co': 'wrong_hcval_co'}
+
+latex_additional_files = ['svgimg.svg']
+# some random pdf layout parameters to check they don't break build
+latex_elements = {
+    'sphinxsetup': """
+  verbatimwithframe,
+  verbatimwrapslines,
+  verbatimforcewraps,
+  verbatimmaxoverfull=1,
+  verbatimmaxunderfull=5,
+  verbatimhintsturnover=true,
+  verbatimcontinuesalign=l,
+  VerbatimColor={RGB}{242,242,242},
+  VerbatimBorderColor={RGB}{32,32,32},
+  VerbatimHighlightColor={RGB}{200,200,200},
+  pre_box-decoration-break=slice,
+  pre_border-top-left-radius=20pt,
+  pre_border-top-right-radius=0pt,
+  pre_border-bottom-right-radius=20pt,
+  pre_border-bottom-left-radius=0pt,
+  verbatimsep=1pt,
+  pre_padding=5pt,% alias to verbatimsep
+  pre_border-top-width=5pt,
+  pre_border-right-width=10pt,
+  pre_border-bottom-width=15pt,
+  pre_border-left-width=20pt,
+  pre_border-width=3pt,% overrides all previous four
+  verbatimborder=2pt,% alias to pre_border-width
+%
+  shadowrule=1pt,
+  shadowsep=10pt,
+  shadowsize=10pt,
+  div.topic_border-width=2pt,% alias to shadowrule 
+  div.topic_padding=6pt,% alias to shadowsep
+  div.topic_box-shadow=5pt,% overrides/alias shadowsize
+%
+  noteBorderColor={RGB}{204,204,204},
+  hintBorderColor={RGB}{204,204,204},
+  importantBorderColor={RGB}{204,204,204},
+  tipBorderColor={RGB}{204,204,204},
+%
+  noteborder=5pt,
+  hintborder=5pt,
+  importantborder=5pt,
+  tipborder=5pt,
+%
+  warningborder=3pt,
+  cautionborder=3pt,
+  attentionborder=3pt,
+  errorborder=3pt,
+%
+  dangerborder=3pt,
+  div.danger_border-width=10pt,
+  div.danger_background-TeXcolor={rgb}{0,1,0},
+  div.danger_border-TeXcolor={rgb}{0,0,1},
+  div.danger_box-shadow=20pt -20pt,
+  div.danger_box-shadow-TeXcolor={rgb}{0.5,0.5,0.5},
+%
+  warningBorderColor={RGB}{255,119,119},
+  cautionBorderColor={RGB}{255,119,119},
+  attentionBorderColor={RGB}{255,119,119},
+  dangerBorderColor={RGB}{255,119,119},
+  errorBorderColor={RGB}{255,119,119},
+  warningBgColor={RGB}{255,238,238},
+  cautionBgColor={RGB}{255,238,238},
+  attentionBgColor={RGB}{255,238,238},
+  dangerBgColor={RGB}{255,238,238},
+  errorBgColor={RGB}{255,238,238},
+%
+  TableRowColorHeader={rgb}{0,1,0},
+  TableRowColorOdd={rgb}{0.5,0,0},
+  TableRowColorEven={rgb}{0.1,0.1,0.1},
+""",
+}
+
+coverage_c_path = ['special/*.h']
+coverage_c_regexes = {'function': r'^PyAPI_FUNC\(.*\)\s+([^_][\w_]+)'}
+
+extlinks = {'issue': ('http://bugs.python.org/issue%s', 'issue %s'),
+            'pyurl': ('http://python.org/%s', None)}
+
+# modify tags from conf.py
+tags.add('confpytag')
+
+
+# -- extension API
+def userdesc_parse(env, sig, signode):
+    x, y = sig.split(':')
+    signode += addnodes.desc_name(x, x)
+    signode += addnodes.desc_parameterlist()
+    signode[-1] += addnodes.desc_parameter(y, y)
+    return x
+
+
+class ClassDirective(Directive):
+    option_spec = {'opt': lambda x: x}
+
+    def run(self):
+        return [nodes.strong(text='from class: %s' % self.options['opt'])]
+
+
+def setup(app):
+    import parsermod
+
+    app.add_directive('clsdir', ClassDirective)
+    app.add_object_type('userdesc', 'userdescrole', '%s (userdesc)',
+                        userdesc_parse, objname='user desc')
+    app.add_js_file('file://moo.js')
+    app.add_source_suffix('.foo', 'foo')
+    app.add_source_parser(parsermod.Parser)
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-root/extapi.txt b/tests/roots/test-root/extapi.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..56be6d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-root/extapi.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+Extension API tests
+===================
+
+Testing directives:
+
+.. clsdir::
+   :opt: Bar
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-root/extensions.txt b/tests/roots/test-root/extensions.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..96b1f8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-root/extensions.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+Test for diverse extensions
+===========================
+
+extlinks
+--------
+
+Test diverse links: :issue:`1000` and :pyurl:`dev/`, also with
+:issue:`explicit caption <1042>`.
+
+
+todo
+----
+
+.. todo::
+
+   Test the todo extension.
+
+.. todo::
+
+   Test with |sub| (see #286).
+
+.. |sub| replace:: substitution references
+
+
+list of all todos
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+.. todolist::
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-root/file_with_special_#_chars.xyz b/tests/roots/test-root/file_with_special_#_chars.xyz
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-root/file_with_special_#_chars.xyz
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-root/footnote.txt b/tests/roots/test-root/footnote.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..49cceee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-root/footnote.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+:tocdepth: 2
+
+Testing footnote and citation
+================================
+.. #1058 footnote-backlinks-do-not-work
+
+numbered footnote
+--------------------
+
+[1]_
+
+auto-numbered footnote
+------------------------------
+
+[#]_
+
+named footnote
+--------------------
+
+[#foo]_
+
+citation
+--------------------
+
+[bar]_
+[baz_qux]_
+
+footnotes in table
+--------------------
+
+.. list-table:: Table caption [#]_
+    :header-rows: 1
+
+    * - name [#]_
+      - description
+    * - VIDIOC_CROPCAP
+      - Information about VIDIOC_CROPCAP [#]_
+
+footenotes
+--------------------
+
+.. rubric:: Footnotes
+
+.. [1] numbered
+
+.. [#] auto numbered
+
+.. [#foo] named
+
+.. rubric:: Citations
+
+.. [bar] cite
+
+.. [baz_qux] citation including underscore
+
+.. [#] footnote in table caption
+
+.. [#] footnote in table header
+
+.. [#] footnote in table not in header
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-root/images.txt b/tests/roots/test-root/images.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1dc591a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-root/images.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+Sphinx image handling
+=====================
+
+.. first, a simple test with direct filename
+.. image:: img.png
+
+.. an image with path name (relative to this directory!)
+.. image:: subdir/img.png
+   :height: 100
+   :width: 200
+
+.. an image with unspecified extension
+.. image:: img.*
+
+.. a non-local image URI
+.. image:: https://www.python.org/static/img/python-logo.png
+
+.. an image with subdir and unspecified extension
+.. image:: subdir/simg.*
+
+.. an SVG image (for HTML at least)
+.. image:: svgimg.*
+
+.. an image with more than 1 dot in its file name
+.. image:: img.foo.png
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-root/img.foo.png b/tests/roots/test-root/img.foo.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a97e86d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-root/img.foo.png
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-root/img.gif b/tests/roots/test-root/img.gif
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8f02686
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-root/img.gif
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-root/img.pdf b/tests/roots/test-root/img.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cacbd85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-root/img.pdf
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-root/img.png b/tests/roots/test-root/img.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a97e86d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-root/img.png
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-root/includes.txt b/tests/roots/test-root/includes.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..19b98ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-root/includes.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+Testing downloadable files
+==========================
+
+Download :download:`img.png` here.
+Download :download:`this <subdir/img.png>` there.
+Download :download:`file with special characters <file_with_special_#_chars.xyz>`.
+
+Test file and literal inclusion
+===============================
+
+.. include:: subdir/include.inc
+
+.. include:: /subdir/include.inc
+
+.. literalinclude:: literal.inc
+   :language: python
+
+.. should succeed
+.. literalinclude:: wrongenc.inc
+   :encoding: latin-1
+   :language: none
+.. include:: wrongenc.inc
+   :encoding: latin-1
+
+Literalinclude options
+======================
+
+.. highlight:: text
+
+.. cssclass:: inc-pyobj1
+.. literalinclude:: literal.inc
+   :pyobject: Foo
+
+.. cssclass:: inc-pyobj2
+.. literalinclude:: literal.inc
+   :pyobject: Bar.baz
+
+.. cssclass:: inc-lines
+.. literalinclude:: literal.inc
+   :lines: 6-7,9
+   :lineno-start: 6
+
+.. cssclass:: inc-startend
+.. literalinclude:: literal.inc
+   :start-after: coding: utf-8
+   :end-before: class Foo
+
+.. cssclass:: inc-preappend
+.. literalinclude:: literal.inc
+   :prepend: START CODE
+   :append: END CODE
+
+.. literalinclude:: literal.inc
+   :start-after: utf-8
+
+.. literalinclude:: literal.inc
+   :end-before: class Foo
+
+.. literalinclude:: literal.inc
+   :diff: literal_orig.inc
+
+.. cssclass:: inc-tab3
+.. literalinclude:: tabs.inc
+   :tab-width: 3
+   :language: text
+
+.. cssclass:: inc-tab8
+.. literalinclude:: tabs.inc
+   :tab-width: 8
+   :language: python
+
+.. cssclass:: inc-pyobj-lines-match
+.. literalinclude:: literal.inc
+   :pyobject: Foo
+   :lineno-match:
+
+.. cssclass:: inc-lines-match
+.. literalinclude:: literal.inc
+   :lines: 6-7,8
+   :lineno-match:
+
+.. cssclass:: inc-startend-match
+.. literalinclude:: literal.inc
+   :start-after: coding: utf-8
+   :end-before: class Foo
+   :lineno-match:
+
+Test if dedenting before parsing works.
+
+.. highlight:: python
+
+.. cssclass:: inc-pyobj-dedent
+.. literalinclude:: literal.inc
+   :pyobject: Bar.baz
+
+Docutils include with "literal"
+===============================
+
+While not recommended, it should work (and leave quotes alone).
+
+.. include:: quotes.inc
+   :literal:
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-root/index.txt b/tests/roots/test-root/index.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e39c958
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-root/index.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+.. Sphinx Tests documentation master file, created by sphinx-quickstart on Wed Jun  4 23:49:58 2008.
+   You can adapt this file completely to your liking, but it should at least
+   contain the root `toctree` directive.
+
+Welcome to Sphinx Tests's documentation!
+========================================
+
+Contents:
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 2
+   :numbered:
+   :caption: Table of Contents
+   :name: mastertoc
+
+   extapi
+   images
+   subdir/images
+   subdir/includes
+   includes
+   markup
+   objects
+   bom
+   math
+   autodoc
+   extensions
+   footnote
+   lists
+   otherext
+
+   http://sphinx-doc.org/
+   Latest reference <http://sphinx-doc.org/latest/>
+   Python <http://python.org/>
+
+Indices and tables
+==================
+
+* :ref:`genindex`
+* :ref:`modindex`
+
+References
+==========
+
+.. [Ref1] Reference target.
+.. [Ref_1] Reference target 2.
+
+Test for issue #1157
+====================
+
+This used to crash:
+
+.. toctree::
+
+.. toctree::
+   :hidden:
+
+Test for issue #1700
+====================
+
+:ref:`mastertoc`
+
+Test for indirect hyperlink targets
+===================================
+
+:ref:`indirect hyperref <other-label>`
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-root/lists.txt b/tests/roots/test-root/lists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b54454
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-root/lists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+Various kinds of lists
+======================
+
+
+nested enumerated lists
+-----------------------
+
+#. one
+
+#. two
+
+   #. two.1
+   #. two.2
+
+#. three
+
+
+enumerated lists with non-default start values
+----------------------------------------------
+
+0. zero
+#. one
+
+----------------------------------------
+
+1. one
+#. two
+
+----------------------------------------
+
+2. two
+#. three
+
+
+enumerated lists using letters
+------------------------------
+
+a. a
+
+b. b
+
+#. c
+
+#. d
+
+----------------------------------------
+
+x. x
+
+y. y
+
+#. z
+
+#. {
+
+definition lists
+-----------------
+
+term1
+    description
+
+term2 (**stronged partially**)
+    description
+
+Samp tests
+----------
+
+:samp:`{variable_only}`
+:samp:`{variable} and text`
+:samp:`Show {variable} in the middle`
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-root/literal.inc b/tests/roots/test-root/literal.inc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..694f15e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-root/literal.inc
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# Literally included file using Python highlighting
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+foo = "Including Unicode characters: üöä"
+
+class Foo:
+    pass
+
+class Bar:
+    def baz():
+        pass
+
+def bar(): pass
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-root/literal_orig.inc b/tests/roots/test-root/literal_orig.inc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cfb5dd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-root/literal_orig.inc
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# Literally included file using Python highlighting
+
+foo = "Including Unicode characters: üöä"  # This will be changed
+
+class FooOrig:
+    pass
+
+class BarOrig:
+    def baz():
+        pass
+
+def bar(): pass
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-root/markup.txt b/tests/roots/test-root/markup.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b59a652
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-root/markup.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,455 @@
+:tocdepth: 2
+
+.. title:: set by title directive
+.. _1024:
+
+Testing various markup
+======================
+
+Meta markup
+-----------
+
+.. sectionauthor:: Georg Brandl
+.. moduleauthor:: Georg Brandl
+
+.. contents:: TOC
+
+.. meta::
+   :author: Me
+   :keywords: docs, sphinx
+
+
+Generic reST
+------------
+
+A |subst|!
+
+.. |subst| replace:: global substitution
+
+.. highlight:: none
+
+.. _label:
+
+::
+
+   some code
+
+Option list:
+
+-h              help
+--help          also help
+
+Line block:
+
+| line1
+|   line2
+|     line3
+|       line4
+|   line5
+| line6
+|   line7
+
+
+Body directives
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+.. topic:: Title
+
+   Topic body.
+
+.. sidebar:: Sidebar
+   :subtitle: Sidebar subtitle
+
+   Sidebar body.
+
+.. rubric:: Test rubric
+
+.. epigraph:: Epigraph title
+
+   Epigraph body.
+
+   -- Author
+
+.. highlights:: Highlights
+
+   Highlights body.
+
+.. pull-quote:: Pull-quote
+
+   Pull quote body.
+
+.. compound::
+
+   a
+
+   b
+
+.. parsed-literal::
+
+   with some *markup* inside
+
+
+.. _admonition-section:
+
+Admonitions
+^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+.. admonition:: My Admonition
+
+   Admonition text.
+
+.. note::
+   Note text.
+
+.. warning::
+
+   Warning text.
+
+.. _some-label:
+
+.. tip::
+   Tip text.
+
+Indirect hyperlink targets
+
+.. _other-label: some-label_
+
+Inline markup
+-------------
+
+*Generic inline markup*
+
+Adding \n to test unescaping.
+
+* :command:`command\\n`
+* :dfn:`dfn\\n`
+* :guilabel:`guilabel with &accelerator and \\n`
+* :kbd:`kbd\\n`
+* :mailheader:`mailheader\\n`
+* :makevar:`makevar\\n`
+* :manpage:`manpage\\n`
+* :mimetype:`mimetype\\n`
+* :newsgroup:`newsgroup\\n`
+* :program:`program\\n`
+* :regexp:`regexp\\n`
+* :menuselection:`File --> Close\\n`
+* :menuselection:`&File --> &Print`
+* :file:`a/{varpart}/b\\n`
+* :samp:`print {i}\\n`
+
+*Linking inline markup*
+
+* :pep:`8`
+* :pep:`Python Enhancement Proposal #8 <8>`
+* :rfc:`1`
+* :rfc:`Request for Comments #1 <1>`
+* :envvar:`HOME`
+* :keyword:`with`
+* :token:`try statement <try_stmt>`
+* :ref:`admonition-section`
+* :ref:`here <some-label>`
+* :ref:`there <other-label>`
+* :ref:`my-figure`
+* :ref:`my-figure-name`
+* :ref:`my-table`
+* :ref:`my-table-name`
+* :ref:`my-code-block`
+* :ref:`my-code-block-name`
+* :ref:`1024`
+* :numref:`my-figure`
+* :numref:`my-figure-name`
+* :numref:`my-table`
+* :numref:`my-table-name`
+* :numref:`my-code-block`
+* :numref:`my-code-block-name`
+* :doc:`subdir/includes`
+* ``:download:`` is tested in includes.txt
+* :option:`Python -c option <python -c>`
+
+Test :abbr:`abbr (abbreviation)` and another :abbr:`abbr (abbreviation)`.
+
+Testing the :index:`index` role, also available with
+:index:`explicit <pair: title; explicit>` title.
+
+.. _with:
+
+With
+----
+
+(Empty section.)
+
+
+Tables
+------
+
+.. tabularcolumns:: |L|p{5cm}|R|
+
+.. _my-table:
+
+.. table:: my table
+   :name: my-table-name
+
+   +----+----------------+----+
+   | 1  | * Block elems  |  x |
+   |    | * In table     |    |
+   +----+----------------+----+
+   | 2  | Empty cells:   |    |
+   +----+----------------+----+
+
+.. table:: empty cell in table header
+
+   ===== ======
+   \ 
+   ===== ======
+   1     2
+   3     4
+   ===== ======
+
+Tables with multirow and multicol:
+
+.. only:: latex
+
+   +----+----------------+---------+
+   | 1  | test!          | c       |
+   +----+---------+------+         |
+   | 2  | col     | col  |         |
+   | y  +---------+------+----+----+
+   | x  | multi-column cell   | x  |
+   +----+---------------------+----+
+
+   +----+
+   | 1  |
+   +    +
+   |    |
+   +----+
+
+.. list-table::
+   :header-rows: 0
+
+   * - .. figure:: img.png
+
+          figure in table
+
+
+Figures
+-------
+
+.. _my-figure:
+
+.. figure:: img.png
+   :name: my-figure-name
+
+   My caption of the figure
+
+   My description paragraph of the figure.
+
+   Description paragraph is wrapped with legend node.
+
+.. figure:: rimg.png
+   :align: right
+
+   figure with align option
+
+.. figure:: rimg.png
+   :align: right
+   :figwidth: 50%
+
+   figure with align & figwidth option
+
+.. figure:: rimg.png
+   :align: right
+   :width: 3cm
+
+   figure with align & width option
+
+Version markup
+--------------
+
+.. versionadded:: 0.6
+   Some funny **stuff**.
+
+.. versionchanged:: 0.6
+   Even more funny stuff.
+
+.. deprecated:: 0.6
+   Boring stuff.
+
+.. versionadded:: 1.2
+
+   First paragraph of versionadded.
+
+.. versionchanged:: 1.2
+   First paragraph of versionchanged.
+
+   Second paragraph of versionchanged.
+
+
+Code blocks
+-----------
+
+.. _my-code-block:
+
+.. code-block:: ruby
+   :linenos:
+   :caption: my ruby code
+   :name: my-code-block-name
+
+   def ruby?
+       false
+   end
+
+Misc stuff
+----------
+
+Stuff [#]_
+
+Reference lookup: [Ref1]_ (defined in another file).
+Reference lookup underscore: [Ref_1]_
+
+.. seealso:: something, something else, something more
+
+   `Google <http://www.google.com>`_
+       For everything.
+
+.. hlist::
+   :columns: 4
+
+   * This
+   * is
+   * a horizontal
+   * list
+   * with several
+   * items
+
+.. rubric:: Side note
+
+This is a side note.
+
+This tests :CLASS:`role names in uppercase`.
+
+.. centered:: LICENSE AGREEMENT
+
+.. acks::
+
+   * Terry Pratchett
+   * J. R. R. Tolkien
+   * Monty Python
+
+.. glossary::
+   :sorted:
+
+   boson
+      Particle with integer spin.
+
+   *fermion*
+      Particle with half-integer spin.
+
+   tauon
+   myon
+   electron
+      Examples for fermions.
+
+   über
+      Gewisse
+
+   ähnlich
+      Dinge
+
+.. productionlist::
+   try_stmt: `try1_stmt` | `try2_stmt`
+   try1_stmt: "try" ":" `suite`
+            : ("except" [`expression` ["," `target`]] ":" `suite`)+
+            : ["else" ":" `suite`]
+            : ["finally" ":" `suite`]
+   try2_stmt: "try" ":" `suite`
+            : "finally" ":" `suite`
+
+
+Index markup
+------------
+
+.. index::
+   single: entry
+   pair: entry; pair
+   double: entry; double
+   triple: index; entry; triple
+   see: from; to
+   seealso: fromalso; toalso
+
+.. index::
+   !Main, !Other
+   !single: entry; pair
+
+:index:`!Main`
+
+.. _ölabel:
+
+Ö... Some strange characters
+----------------------------
+
+Testing öäü...
+
+
+Only directive
+--------------
+
+.. only:: html
+
+   In HTML.
+
+.. only:: latex
+
+   In LaTeX.
+
+.. only:: html or latex
+
+   In both.
+
+.. only:: confpytag and (testtag or nonexisting_tag)
+
+   Always present, because set through conf.py/command line.
+
+
+Any role
+--------
+
+.. default-role:: any
+
+Test referencing to `headings <with>` and `objects <func_without_body>`.
+Also `modules <mod>` and `classes <Time>`.
+
+More domains:
+
+* `JS <bar.baz>`
+* `C <SphinxType>`
+* `myobj` (user markup)
+* `n::Array`
+* `perl -c`
+
+.. default-role::
+
+
+Smart quotes
+------------
+
+* Smart "quotes" in English 'text'.
+* Smart --- long and -- short dashes.
+* Ellipsis...
+* No smartypants in literal blocks: ``foo--"bar"...``.
+
+.. only:: html
+
+   .. LaTeX does not like Cyrillic letters in this test, so it is HTML only.
+
+   .. rst-class:: language-ru
+
+   Этот "абзац" должен использовать 'русские' кавычки.
+
+   .. rst-class:: language-fr
+
+   Il dit : "C'est 'super' !"
+
+.. rubric:: Footnotes
+
+.. [#] Like footnotes.
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-root/math.txt b/tests/roots/test-root/math.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a209be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-root/math.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+Test math extensions :math:`E = m c^2`
+======================================
+
+This is inline math: :math:`a^2 + b^2 = c^2`.
+
+.. math:: a^2 + b^2 = c^2
+
+.. math::
+
+   a + 1 < b
+
+.. math::
+   :label: foo
+
+   e^{i\pi} = 1
+
+.. math::
+   :label:
+
+   e^{ix} = \cos x + i\sin x
+
+.. math::
+
+   n \in \mathbb N
+
+.. math::
+   :nowrap:
+
+   a + 1 < b
+
+Referencing equation :eq:`foo`.
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-root/objects.txt b/tests/roots/test-root/objects.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed5f2c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-root/objects.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,262 @@
+Testing object descriptions
+===========================
+
+.. function:: func_without_module(a, b, *c[, d])
+
+   Does something.
+
+.. function:: func_without_body()
+
+.. function:: func_with_unknown_field()
+
+   : :
+
+   : empty field name:
+
+   :field_name:
+
+   :field_name all lower:
+
+   :FIELD_NAME:
+
+   :FIELD_NAME ALL CAPS:
+
+   :Field_Name:
+
+   :Field_Name All Word Caps:
+
+   :Field_name:
+
+   :Field_name First word cap:
+
+   :FIELd_name:
+
+   :FIELd_name PARTial caps:
+
+.. function:: func_noindex
+   :no-index:
+
+.. function:: func_with_module
+   :module: foolib
+
+Referring to :func:`func with no index <func_noindex>`.
+Referring to :func:`nothing <>`.
+
+.. module:: mod
+   :synopsis: Module synopsis.
+   :platform: UNIX
+
+.. function:: func_in_module
+
+.. class:: Cls
+
+   .. method:: meth1
+
+   .. staticmethod:: meths
+
+   .. attribute:: attr
+
+.. explicit class given
+.. method:: Cls.meth2
+
+.. explicit module given
+.. exception:: Error(arg1, arg2)
+   :module: errmod
+
+.. data:: var
+
+
+.. currentmodule:: None
+
+.. function:: func_without_module2() -> annotation
+
+.. object:: long(parameter, \
+              list)
+	    another one
+
+.. class:: TimeInt
+
+   Has only one parameter (triggers special behavior...)
+
+   :param moo: |test|
+   :type moo: |test|
+
+.. |test| replace:: Moo
+
+.. class:: Time(hour, minute, isdst)
+
+   :param year: The year.
+   :type year: TimeInt
+   :param TimeInt minute: The minute.
+   :param isdst: whether it's DST
+   :type isdst: * some complex
+                * expression
+   :returns: a new :class:`Time` instance
+   :rtype: Time
+   :raises Error: if the values are out of range
+   :ivar int hour: like *hour*
+   :ivar minute: like *minute*
+   :vartype minute: int
+   :param hour: Some parameter
+   :type hour: DuplicateType
+   :param hour: Duplicate param.  Should not lead to crashes.
+   :type hour: DuplicateType
+   :param .Cls extcls: A class from another module.
+
+.. raw:: latex
+
+         \begingroup
+         \let\oldhref\href
+         \def\href{\ifnum\catcode`\-=\active\errorwithsphinxhref\fi\oldhref}
+
+.. class:: MyClass
+
+   .. attribute:: config
+      :type: sphinx.config.Config
+
+      A configuration object.
+
+.. raw:: latex
+
+         \endgroup
+
+C items
+=======
+
+.. c:function:: void Sphinx_DoSomething()
+
+.. c:member:: int SphinxStruct.member
+
+.. c:macro:: SPHINX_USE_PYTHON
+
+.. c:type:: SphinxType
+
+.. c:var:: int sphinx_global
+
+.. c:function:: PyObject* Py_SphinxFoo(void)
+
+
+Javascript items
+================
+
+.. js:function:: foo()
+
+.. js:data:: bar
+
+.. documenting the method of any object
+.. js:function:: bar.baz(href, callback[, errback])
+
+   :param string href: The location of the resource.
+   :param callback: Gets called with the data returned by the resource.
+   :throws InvalidHref: If the `href` is invalid.
+   :returns: `undefined`
+
+.. js:attribute:: bar.spam
+
+References
+==========
+
+Referencing :class:`mod.Cls` or :Class:`mod.Cls` should be the same.
+
+With target: :c:func:`Sphinx_DoSomething()` (parentheses are handled),
+:c:member:`SphinxStruct.member`, :c:macro:`SPHINX_USE_PYTHON`,
+:c:type:`SphinxType *` (pointer is handled), :c:data:`sphinx_global`.
+
+Without target: :c:func:`CFunction`. :c:func:`!malloc`.
+
+:js:func:`foo()`
+:js:func:`foo`
+
+:js:data:`bar`
+:js:func:`bar.baz()`
+:js:func:`bar.baz`
+:js:func:`~bar.baz()`
+
+:js:attr:`bar.baz`
+
+
+Others
+======
+
+.. envvar:: HOME
+
+.. program:: python
+
+.. cmdoption:: -c command
+
+.. program:: perl
+
+.. cmdoption:: -c
+
+.. option:: +p
+
+.. option:: --ObjC++
+
+.. option:: --plugin.option
+
+.. option:: create-auth-token
+
+.. option:: arg
+
+.. option:: -j[=N]
+
+Link to :option:`perl +p`, :option:`--ObjC++`, :option:`--plugin.option`, :option:`create-auth-token`, :option:`arg` and :option:`-j`
+
+.. program:: hg
+
+.. option:: commit
+
+.. program:: git commit
+
+.. option:: -p
+
+Link to :option:`hg commit` and :option:`git commit -p`.
+
+.. option:: --abi={TYPE}
+
+.. option:: --test={WHERE}-{COUNT}
+
+.. option:: --wrap=\{\{value\}\}
+
+.. option:: -allowable_client {client_name}
+
+Foo bar.
+
+Test repeated option directive.
+
+.. option:: -mapi
+
+  My API.
+
+.. option:: -mapi=secret
+
+  My secret API.
+
+Reference the first option :option:`-mapi=secret`, :option:`-mapi[=xxx]`
+or :option:`-mapi with_space`.
+
+
+User markup
+===========
+
+.. userdesc:: myobj:parameter
+
+   Description of userdesc.
+
+
+Referencing :userdescrole:`myobj`.
+
+
+CPP domain
+==========
+
+.. cpp:class:: n::Array
+
+   .. cpp:function:: T& operator[]( unsigned j )
+                     const T& operator[]( unsigned j ) const
+
+.. cpp:function:: template<typename T1, typename T2> \
+                     requires A<T1, T2> \
+                  void f()
+
+- :cpp:expr:`a + b`
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-root/otherext.foo b/tests/roots/test-root/otherext.foo
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..531ea29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-root/otherext.foo
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+The contents of this file are ignored.
+The file is "parsed" using Parser in the tests/root/parsermod.py file.
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-root/parsermod.py b/tests/roots/test-root/parsermod.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de0849c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-root/parsermod.py
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+from docutils import nodes
+from docutils.parsers import Parser
+
+
+class Parser(Parser):
+    supported = ('foo',)
+
+    def parse(self, input, document):
+        section = nodes.section(ids=['id1'])
+        section += nodes.title('Generated section', 'Generated section')
+        document += section
+
+    def get_transforms(self):
+        return []
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-root/quotes.inc b/tests/roots/test-root/quotes.inc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..276cc56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-root/quotes.inc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Testing "quotes" in literal 'included' text.
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-root/rimg.png b/tests/roots/test-root/rimg.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fda6cd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-root/rimg.png
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-root/special/api.h b/tests/roots/test-root/special/api.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2bf2382
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-root/special/api.h
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) Py_SphinxTest(void);
+PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) Py_SphinxFoo(void);
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-root/special/code.py b/tests/roots/test-root/special/code.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b7934b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-root/special/code.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+print("line 1")
+print("line 2")
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-root/subdir/excluded.txt b/tests/roots/test-root/subdir/excluded.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5df3139
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-root/subdir/excluded.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Excluded file -- should *not* be read as source
+-----------------------------------------------
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-root/subdir/images.txt b/tests/roots/test-root/subdir/images.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2adf88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-root/subdir/images.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+Image including source in subdir
+================================
+
+.. image:: img.*
+
+.. image:: /rimg.png
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-root/subdir/img.png b/tests/roots/test-root/subdir/img.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a97e86d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-root/subdir/img.png
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-root/subdir/include.inc b/tests/roots/test-root/subdir/include.inc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d89275d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-root/subdir/include.inc
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+.. This file is included by contents.txt.
+
+.. Paths in included files are relative to the file that
+   includes them
+.. image:: subdir/img.png
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-root/subdir/includes.txt b/tests/roots/test-root/subdir/includes.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..627dcfb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-root/subdir/includes.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+Including in subdir
+===================
+
+.. absolute filename
+.. literalinclude:: /special/code.py
+   :lines: 1
+
+.. relative filename
+.. literalinclude:: ../special/code.py
+   :lines: 2
+
+Absolute :download:`/img.png` download.
+
+.. absolute image filename
+.. image:: /img.png
+
+.. absolute include filename
+.. include:: /test.inc
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-root/subdir/simg.png b/tests/roots/test-root/subdir/simg.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a97e86d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-root/subdir/simg.png
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-root/svgimg.pdf b/tests/roots/test-root/svgimg.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cacbd85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-root/svgimg.pdf
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-root/svgimg.svg b/tests/roots/test-root/svgimg.svg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2bae0b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-root/svgimg.svg
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" height="60" width="60">
+    <circle cx="40" cy="40" r="24" style="stroke:#000000; fill:#ffffff"/>
+</svg>
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-root/tabs.inc b/tests/roots/test-root/tabs.inc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..20b5182
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-root/tabs.inc
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Tabs include file test
+----------------------
+
+The next line has a tab:
+-|	|-
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-root/test.inc b/tests/roots/test-root/test.inc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4773390
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-root/test.inc
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+.. This file is included from subdir/includes.txt.
+
+This is an include file.
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-root/wrongenc.inc b/tests/roots/test-root/wrongenc.inc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..700f613
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-root/wrongenc.inc
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+This file is encoded in latin-1 but at first read as utf-8.
+
+Max Strau� a� in M�nchen eine Leberk�ssemmel.
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-search/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-search/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8613f5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-search/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+exclude_patterns = ['_build']
+html_search_language = 'en'
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-search/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-search/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc2298b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-search/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+meta keywords
+=============
+
+.. meta::
+   :keywords lang=en: findthiskey, thistoo, notgerman
+   :keywords: thisonetoo
+   :keywords lang=de: onlygerman, onlytoogerman
+   :description: thisnoteither
+
+Stemmer
+=======
+
+bat
+findthisstemmedkey
+
+textinheading
+
+International
+
+.. toctree::
+
+   tocitem
+
+.. raw:: html
+
+   <span class="raw">rawword"</span>
+
+.. raw:: latex
+
+   latex_keyword
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-search/nosearch.rst b/tests/roots/test-search/nosearch.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f79575
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-search/nosearch.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+:nosearch:
+
+nosearch
+========
+
+bat
+latex
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-search/tocitem.rst b/tests/roots/test-search/tocitem.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..98a1dc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-search/tocitem.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+heading 1
+=========
+
+lorem ipsum
+
+bat
+
+textinheading
+=============
+
+lorem ipsum
+
+可以查看 FAQ 模块中 Chinesetest 部分
+
+模块中 CAS service部分
+
+可以Chinesetesttwo查看
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-smartquotes/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-smartquotes/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-smartquotes/conf.py
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-smartquotes/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-smartquotes/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7dfd01a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-smartquotes/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+test-smartquotes
+================
+
+-- "Sphinx" is a tool that makes it easy ...
+
+.. toctree::
+
+   literals
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-smartquotes/literals.rst b/tests/roots/test-smartquotes/literals.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed77c80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-smartquotes/literals.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+literals
+========
+
+.. role:: python(code)
+   :language: python
+.. default-role:: python
+
+Standard :code:`code role with 'quotes'`
+
+This is a Python :python:`{'code': 'role', 'with': 'quotes'}`.
+
+This is a ``literal with 'quotes'``
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-stylesheets/_templates/layout.html b/tests/roots/test-stylesheets/_templates/layout.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d048fe4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-stylesheets/_templates/layout.html
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{% extends "!layout.html" %}
+{%- block css %}
+  {{ super() }}
+    <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/more_persistent.css" type="text/css" />
+    <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/more_default.css" type="text/css" title="Default" />
+    <link rel="alternate stylesheet" href="_static/more_alternate1.css" type="text/css" title="Alternate" />
+    <link rel="alternate stylesheet" href="_static/more_alternate2.css" type="text/css" />
+{%- endblock %}
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-stylesheets/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-stylesheets/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa37130
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-stylesheets/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+html_theme = 'classic'
+templates_path = ['_templates']
+
+
+def setup(app):
+    app.add_css_file('persistent.css')
+    app.add_css_file('default.css', title="Default")
+    app.add_css_file('alternate1.css', title="Alternate", rel="alternate stylesheet")
+    app.add_css_file('alternate2.css', rel="alternate stylesheet")
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-stylesheets/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-stylesheets/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c5c5766
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-stylesheets/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+test-stylesheets
+================
+
+Lorem ipsum dolor
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-templating/_templates/autosummary/class.rst b/tests/roots/test-templating/_templates/autosummary/class.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f50564
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-templating/_templates/autosummary/class.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{% extends "!autosummary/class.rst" %}
+
+{% block methods %}
+
+   .. note:: autosummary/class.rst method block overloading
+             {{ sentence }}
+
+   {{ super() }}
+{% endblock %}
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-templating/_templates/layout.html b/tests/roots/test-templating/_templates/layout.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f836c77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-templating/_templates/layout.html
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+{% extends "!layout.html" %}
+
+{% block extrahead %}
+<!-- layout overloading -->
+{{ super() }}
+{% endblock %}
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-templating/autosummary_templating.txt b/tests/roots/test-templating/autosummary_templating.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6b396a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-templating/autosummary_templating.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+Autosummary templating test
+===========================
+
+.. autosummary::
+   :toctree: generated
+
+   sphinx.application.TemplateBridge
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-templating/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-templating/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e03eaf1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-templating/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+project = 'Sphinx templating <Tests>'
+source_suffix = '.txt'
+keep_warnings = True
+templates_path = ['_templates']
+release = version = '2013.120'
+exclude_patterns = ['_build']
+
+extensions = ['sphinx.ext.autosummary']
+autosummary_generate = ['autosummary_templating']
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-templating/index.txt b/tests/roots/test-templating/index.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..04a40e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-templating/index.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+Welcome to Sphinx Tests's documentation!
+========================================
+
+.. toctree::
+
+   autosummary_templating
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-theming/child.zip b/tests/roots/test-theming/child.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b4a6a56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-theming/child.zip
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-theming/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-theming/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0db7cf0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-theming/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+html_theme = 'test-theme'
+html_theme_path = ['.', 'test_theme']
+exclude_patterns = ['_build']
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-theming/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-theming/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..214dcd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-theming/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+=======
+Theming
+=======
+
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-theming/parent.zip b/tests/roots/test-theming/parent.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a246ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-theming/parent.zip
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-theming/test_theme/__init__.py b/tests/roots/test-theming/test_theme/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..13bdc4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-theming/test_theme/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+import os
+
+
+def get_path():
+    return os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-theming/test_theme/staticfiles/layout.html b/tests/roots/test-theming/test_theme/staticfiles/layout.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..81372be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-theming/test_theme/staticfiles/layout.html
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+{% extends "basic/layout.html" %}
+{% block extrahead %}
+<meta name="testopt" content="{{ theme_testopt }}" />
+{{ super() }}
+{% endblock %}
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-theming/test_theme/staticfiles/static/staticimg.png b/tests/roots/test-theming/test_theme/staticfiles/static/staticimg.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fda6cd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-theming/test_theme/staticfiles/static/staticimg.png
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-theming/test_theme/staticfiles/static/statictmpl.html_t b/tests/roots/test-theming/test_theme/staticfiles/static/statictmpl.html_t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4ab292b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-theming/test_theme/staticfiles/static/statictmpl.html_t
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+<!-- testing static templates -->
+<html><project>{{ project|e }}</project></html>
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-theming/test_theme/staticfiles/theme.conf b/tests/roots/test-theming/test_theme/staticfiles/theme.conf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a877673
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-theming/test_theme/staticfiles/theme.conf
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+[theme]
+inherit = basic
+stylesheet = default.css
+pygments_style = emacs
+
+[options]
+testopt = optdefault
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-theming/test_theme/test-theme/theme.conf b/tests/roots/test-theming/test_theme/test-theme/theme.conf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2ad2c33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-theming/test_theme/test-theme/theme.conf
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+[theme]
+inherit = classic
+sidebars = globaltoc.html, searchbox.html
+pygments_dark_style = monokai
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-theming/ziptheme.zip b/tests/roots/test-theming/ziptheme.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a246ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-theming/ziptheme.zip
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-tocdepth/bar.rst b/tests/roots/test-tocdepth/bar.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d70dec9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-tocdepth/bar.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+:tocdepth: 2
+
+===
+Bar
+===
+
+should be 2
+
+Bar A
+=====
+
+should be 2.1
+
+.. toctree::
+
+   baz
+
+Bar B
+=====
+
+should be 2.2
+
+Bar B1
+------
+
+should be 2.2.1
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-tocdepth/baz.rst b/tests/roots/test-tocdepth/baz.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b07fa05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-tocdepth/baz.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Baz A
+-----
+
+should be 2.1.1
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-tocdepth/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-tocdepth/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..46bb290
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-tocdepth/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+html_theme = 'classic'
+exclude_patterns = ['_build']
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-tocdepth/foo.rst b/tests/roots/test-tocdepth/foo.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..61fd539
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-tocdepth/foo.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+===
+Foo
+===
+
+should be 1
+
+Foo A
+=====
+
+should be 1.1
+
+Foo A1
+------
+
+should be 1.1.1
+
+Foo B
+=====
+
+should be 1.2
+
+Foo B1
+------
+
+should be 1.2.1
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-tocdepth/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-tocdepth/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b651d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-tocdepth/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+test-tocdepth
+=============
+
+.. toctree::
+   :numbered:
+
+   foo
+   bar
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-toctree-domain-objects/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-toctree-domain-objects/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-toctree-domain-objects/conf.py
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-toctree-domain-objects/domains.rst b/tests/roots/test-toctree-domain-objects/domains.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..61467cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-toctree-domain-objects/domains.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+test-domain-objects
+===================
+
+.. py:module:: hello
+
+.. py:function:: world() -> str
+
+   Prints "Hello, World!" to stdout
+
+.. py:class:: HelloWorldPrinter
+
+   Controls printing of hello world
+
+   .. py:method:: set_language()
+
+      Sets the language of the HelloWorldPrinter instance
+
+   .. py:attribute:: output_count
+
+      Count of outputs of "Hello, World!"
+
+   .. py:method:: print_normal()
+      :async:
+      :classmethod:
+
+      Prints the normal form of "Hello, World!"
+
+   .. py:method:: print()
+
+      Prints "Hello, World!", including in the chosen language
+
+.. py:function:: exit()
+   :module: sys
+
+   Quits the interpreter
+
+.. js:function:: fetch(resource)
+
+   Fetches the given resource, returns a Promise
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-toctree-domain-objects/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-toctree-domain-objects/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..77ee010
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-toctree-domain-objects/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+.. toctree::
+   :numbered:
+   :caption: Table of Contents
+   :name: mastertoc
+
+   domains
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-toctree-duplicated/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-toctree-duplicated/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-toctree-duplicated/conf.py
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-toctree-duplicated/foo.rst b/tests/roots/test-toctree-duplicated/foo.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f23d4ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-toctree-duplicated/foo.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+foo
+===
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-toctree-duplicated/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-toctree-duplicated/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..38a8c44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-toctree-duplicated/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+test-toctree-duplicated
+=======================
+
+.. toctree::
+
+   foo
+   foo
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-toctree-empty/_templates/localtoc.html b/tests/roots/test-toctree-empty/_templates/localtoc.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0fd9139
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-toctree-empty/_templates/localtoc.html
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+{# This will call toctree unconditionally, whether there is a local or global toc #}
+{{ toctree() }}
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-toctree-empty/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-toctree-empty/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bda61da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-toctree-empty/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+exclude_patterns = ['_build']
+templates_path = ['_templates']
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-toctree-empty/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-toctree-empty/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b97a60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-toctree-empty/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+test-toctree-empty
+==================
+
+.. toctree::
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-toctree-glob/bar/bar_1.rst b/tests/roots/test-toctree-glob/bar/bar_1.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6229a15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-toctree-glob/bar/bar_1.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Bar-1
+=====
+
+bar
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-toctree-glob/bar/bar_2.rst b/tests/roots/test-toctree-glob/bar/bar_2.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed78621
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-toctree-glob/bar/bar_2.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Bar-2
+=====
+
+bar
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-toctree-glob/bar/bar_3.rst b/tests/roots/test-toctree-glob/bar/bar_3.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..93c58d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-toctree-glob/bar/bar_3.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Bar-3
+=====
+
+bar
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-toctree-glob/bar/bar_4/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-toctree-glob/bar/bar_4/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4fae623
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-toctree-glob/bar/bar_4/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Bar-4
+=====
+
+bar
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-toctree-glob/bar/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-toctree-glob/bar/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..74a9ba9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-toctree-glob/bar/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+Bar
+===
+
+.. toctree::
+   :glob:
+
+   *
+   bar_4/index
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-toctree-glob/baz.rst b/tests/roots/test-toctree-glob/baz.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c1bbbc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-toctree-glob/baz.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Baz
+===
+
+baz
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-toctree-glob/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-toctree-glob/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a45d22e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-toctree-glob/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+exclude_patterns = ['_build']
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-toctree-glob/foo.rst b/tests/roots/test-toctree-glob/foo.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..83f9522
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-toctree-glob/foo.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Foo
+===
+
+foo
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-toctree-glob/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-toctree-glob/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4ed6bb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-toctree-glob/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+test-toctree-glob
+=================
+
+normal order
+------------
+
+.. toctree::
+   :glob:
+
+   foo
+   bar/index
+   bar/*
+   baz
+   qux/index
+   hyperref <https://sphinx-doc.org/?q=sphinx>
+
+reversed order
+--------------
+
+.. toctree::
+   :glob:
+   :reversed:
+
+   foo
+   bar/index
+   bar/*
+   baz
+   qux/index
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-toctree-glob/quux.rst b/tests/roots/test-toctree-glob/quux.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..340389d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-toctree-glob/quux.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Quux
+====
+
+quux
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-toctree-glob/qux/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-toctree-glob/qux/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad0bee5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-toctree-glob/qux/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+Qux
+===
+
+.. toctree::
+   :glob:
+   :hidden:
+
+   *
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-toctree-glob/qux/qux_1.rst b/tests/roots/test-toctree-glob/qux/qux_1.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bac227b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-toctree-glob/qux/qux_1.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Qux-1
+=====
+
+qux
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-toctree-glob/qux/qux_2.rst b/tests/roots/test-toctree-glob/qux/qux_2.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bac227b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-toctree-glob/qux/qux_2.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Qux-1
+=====
+
+qux
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-toctree-index/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-toctree-index/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-toctree-index/conf.py
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-toctree-index/foo.rst b/tests/roots/test-toctree-index/foo.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc2c716
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-toctree-index/foo.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+foo
+===
+
+:index:`word`
+
+.. py:module:: pymodule
+
+.. py:function:: Timer.repeat(repeat=3, number=1000000)
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-toctree-index/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-toctree-index/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb211c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-toctree-index/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+test-toctree-index
+==================
+
+.. toctree::
+
+   foo
+
+
+.. toctree::
+   :caption: Indices
+
+   genindex
+   modindex
+   search
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-toctree-maxdepth/bar.rst b/tests/roots/test-toctree-maxdepth/bar.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d70dec9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-toctree-maxdepth/bar.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+:tocdepth: 2
+
+===
+Bar
+===
+
+should be 2
+
+Bar A
+=====
+
+should be 2.1
+
+.. toctree::
+
+   baz
+
+Bar B
+=====
+
+should be 2.2
+
+Bar B1
+------
+
+should be 2.2.1
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-toctree-maxdepth/baz.rst b/tests/roots/test-toctree-maxdepth/baz.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b07fa05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-toctree-maxdepth/baz.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Baz A
+-----
+
+should be 2.1.1
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-toctree-maxdepth/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-toctree-maxdepth/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a45d22e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-toctree-maxdepth/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+exclude_patterns = ['_build']
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-toctree-maxdepth/foo.rst b/tests/roots/test-toctree-maxdepth/foo.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..61fd539
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-toctree-maxdepth/foo.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+===
+Foo
+===
+
+should be 1
+
+Foo A
+=====
+
+should be 1.1
+
+Foo A1
+------
+
+should be 1.1.1
+
+Foo B
+=====
+
+should be 1.2
+
+Foo B1
+------
+
+should be 1.2.1
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-toctree-maxdepth/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-toctree-maxdepth/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..30dc61c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-toctree-maxdepth/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+test-toctree-max-depth
+======================
+
+.. toctree::
+   :numbered:
+   :maxdepth: 2
+
+   foo
+   bar
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-toctree-maxdepth/qux.rst b/tests/roots/test-toctree-maxdepth/qux.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..35e9ac1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-toctree-maxdepth/qux.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+test-toctree-max-depth
+======================
+
+.. toctree::
+   :numbered:
+   :maxdepth: 4
+
+   foo
+   bar
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-toctree/bar.rst b/tests/roots/test-toctree/bar.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1cccd3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-toctree/bar.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+bar
+===
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-toctree/baz.rst b/tests/roots/test-toctree/baz.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..52e2e72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-toctree/baz.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+baz
+===
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-toctree/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-toctree/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-toctree/conf.py
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-toctree/foo.rst b/tests/roots/test-toctree/foo.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..49f4d4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-toctree/foo.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+foo
+===
+
+.. toctree::
+
+   quux
+
+foo.1
+-----
+
+foo.1-1
+^^^^^^^
+
+foo.2
+-----
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-toctree/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-toctree/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..adf1b84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-toctree/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+.. Sphinx Tests documentation master file, created by sphinx-quickstart on Wed Jun  4 23:49:58 2008.
+   You can adapt this file completely to your liking, but it should at least
+   contain the root `toctree` directive.
+
+Welcome to Sphinx Tests's documentation!
+========================================
+
+Contents:
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 2
+   :numbered:
+   :caption: Table of Contents
+   :name: mastertoc
+
+   foo
+   bar
+   http://sphinx-doc.org/
+   self
+
+.. only:: html
+
+   Section for HTML
+   ----------------
+
+   .. toctree::
+
+      baz
+
+----------
+subsection
+----------
+
+subsubsection
+-------------
+
+Test for issue #1157
+====================
+
+This used to crash:
+
+.. toctree::
+
+.. toctree::
+   :hidden:
+
+   Latest reference <http://sphinx-doc.org/latest/>
+   Python <http://python.org/>
+
+Indices and tables
+==================
+
+* :ref:`genindex`
+* :ref:`modindex`
+* :ref:`search`
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-toctree/quux.rst b/tests/roots/test-toctree/quux.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..07dd0a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-toctree/quux.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+quux
+====
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-toctree/qux.rst b/tests/roots/test-toctree/qux.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..26176b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-toctree/qux.rst
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+qux.rst has no section title
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-toctree/tocdepth.rst b/tests/roots/test-toctree/tocdepth.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1069b4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-toctree/tocdepth.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+:tocdepth: 2
+
+=======
+level 1
+=======
+
+level 2
+=======
+
+-------
+level 3
+-------
+
+level 4
+-------
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-transforms-post_transforms-keyboard/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-transforms-post_transforms-keyboard/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-transforms-post_transforms-keyboard/conf.py
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-transforms-post_transforms-keyboard/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-transforms-post_transforms-keyboard/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2177578
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-transforms-post_transforms-keyboard/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+Regression test for issue 10495
+===============================
+
+:kbd:`spanish - inquisition`
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-transforms-post_transforms-missing-reference/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-transforms-post_transforms-missing-reference/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2db221c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-transforms-post_transforms-missing-reference/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+nitpicky = True
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-transforms-post_transforms-missing-reference/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-transforms-post_transforms-missing-reference/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7180978
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-transforms-post_transforms-missing-reference/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+transforms-post_transforms-missing-reference
+============================================
+
+:class:`io.StringIO`
+
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-trim_doctest_flags/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-trim_doctest_flags/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..77c7255
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-trim_doctest_flags/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+extensions = ['sphinx.ext.doctest']
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-trim_doctest_flags/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-trim_doctest_flags/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d63251a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-trim_doctest_flags/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+test-trim_doctest_flags
+=======================
+
+.. code-block:: pycon
+
+   >>> datetime.date.now()   # doctest: +FOO
+   datetime.date(2008, 1, 1)
+
+.. code-block:: none
+
+   >>> datetime.date.now()   # doctest: +BAR
+   datetime.date(2008, 1, 1)
+
+.. code-block:: guess
+
+   # vim: set filetype=pycon
+   >>> datetime.date.now()   # doctest: +BAZ
+   datetime.date(2008, 1, 1)
+
+.. testcode::
+
+   >>> datetime.date.now()   # doctest: +QUX
+   datetime.date(2008, 1, 1)
+
+.. doctest::
+
+   >>> datetime.date.now()   # doctest: +QUUX
+   datetime.date(2008, 1, 1)
+
+.. doctest::
+   :trim-doctest-flags:
+
+   >>> datetime.date.now()   # doctest: +CORGE
+   datetime.date(2008, 1, 1)
+
+.. doctest::
+   :no-trim-doctest-flags:
+
+   >>> datetime.date.now()   # doctest: +GRAULT
+   datetime.date(2008, 1, 1)
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-versioning/added.txt b/tests/roots/test-versioning/added.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..22a7073
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-versioning/added.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+Versioning test text
+====================
+
+So the thing is I need some kind of text - not the lorem ipsum stuff, that
+doesn't work out that well - to test :mod:`sphinx.versioning`. I couldn't find
+a good text for that under public domain so I thought the easiest solution is
+to write one by myself. It's not really interesting, in fact it is *really*
+boring.
+
+Anyway I need more than one paragraph, at least three for the original
+document, I think, and another one for two different ones.
+
+So the previous paragraph was a bit short because I don't want to test this
+only on long paragraphs, I hope it was short enough to cover most stuff.
+Anyway I see this lacks ``some markup`` so I have to add a **little** bit.
+
+Woho another paragraph, if this test fails we really have a problem because
+this means the algorithm itself fails and not the diffing algorithm which is
+pretty much doomed anyway as it probably fails for some kind of language
+respecting certain nodes anyway but we can't work around that anyway.
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-versioning/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-versioning/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6344cb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-versioning/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+project = 'versioning test root'
+source_suffix = '.txt'
+exclude_patterns = ['_build']
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-versioning/deleted.txt b/tests/roots/test-versioning/deleted.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1a9c4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-versioning/deleted.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+Versioning test text
+====================
+
+So the thing is I need some kind of text - not the lorem ipsum stuff, that
+doesn't work out that well - to test :mod:`sphinx.versioning`. I couldn't find
+a good text for that under public domain so I thought the easiest solution is
+to write one by myself. It's not really interesting, in fact it is *really*
+boring.
+
+So the previous paragraph was a bit short because I don't want to test this
+only on long paragraphs, I hope it was short enough to cover most stuff.
+Anyway I see this lacks ``some markup`` so I have to add a **little** bit.
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-versioning/deleted_end.txt b/tests/roots/test-versioning/deleted_end.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f30e630
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-versioning/deleted_end.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+Versioning test text
+====================
+
+So the thing is I need some kind of text - not the lorem ipsum stuff, that
+doesn't work out that well - to test :mod:`sphinx.versioning`. I couldn't find
+a good text for that under public domain so I thought the easiest solution is
+to write one by myself. It's not really interesting, in fact it is *really*
+boring.
+
+Anyway I need more than one paragraph, at least three for the original
+document, I think, and another one for two different ones.
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-versioning/index.txt b/tests/roots/test-versioning/index.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9d098f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-versioning/index.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+Versioning Stuff
+================
+
+.. toctree::
+
+    original
+    added
+    insert
+    deleted
+    deleted_end
+    modified
+    insert_beginning
+    insert_similar
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-versioning/insert.txt b/tests/roots/test-versioning/insert.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1c157cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-versioning/insert.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+Versioning test text
+====================
+
+So the thing is I need some kind of text - not the lorem ipsum stuff, that
+doesn't work out that well - to test :mod:`sphinx.versioning`. I couldn't find
+a good text for that under public domain so I thought the easiest solution is
+to write one by myself. It's not really interesting, in fact it is *really*
+boring.
+
+So this paragraph is just something I inserted in this document to test if our
+algorithm notices that this paragraph is not just a changed version.
+
+Anyway I need more than one paragraph, at least three for the original
+document, I think, and another one for two different ones.
+
+So the previous paragraph was a bit short because I don't want to test this
+only on long paragraphs, I hope it was short enough to cover most stuff.
+Anyway I see this lacks ``some markup`` so I have to add a **little** bit.
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-versioning/insert_beginning.txt b/tests/roots/test-versioning/insert_beginning.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..57102a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-versioning/insert_beginning.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+Versioning test text
+====================
+
+Apperantly inserting a paragraph at the beginning of a document caused
+problems earlier so this document should be used to test that.
+
+So the thing is I need some kind of text - not the lorem ipsum stuff, that
+doesn't work out that well - to test :mod:`sphinx.versioning`. I couldn't find
+a good text for that under public domain so I thought the easiest solution is
+to write one by myself. It's not really interesting, in fact it is *really*
+boring.
+
+Anyway I need more than one paragraph, at least three for the original
+document, I think, and another one for two different ones.
+
+So the previous paragraph was a bit short because I don't want to test this
+only on long paragraphs, I hope it was short enough to cover most stuff.
+Anyway I see this lacks ``some markup`` so I have to add a **little** bit.
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-versioning/insert_similar.txt b/tests/roots/test-versioning/insert_similar.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ee9b530
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-versioning/insert_similar.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+Versioning test text
+====================
+
+So the thing is I need some kind of text - not the lorem ipsum stuff, that
+doesn't work out that well - to test :mod:`sphinx.versioning`. I couldn't find
+a good text for that under public domain so I thought the easiest solution is
+to write one by myself. It's not really interesting, in fact it is *really*
+boring.
+
+Anyway I need more
+
+Anyway I need more than one paragraph, at least three for the original
+document, I think, and another one for two different ones.
+
+So the previous paragraph was a bit short because I don't want to test this
+only on long paragraphs, I hope it was short enough to cover most stuff.
+Anyway I see this lacks ``some markup`` so I have to add a **little** bit.
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-versioning/modified.txt b/tests/roots/test-versioning/modified.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..49cdad9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-versioning/modified.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+Versioning test text
+====================
+
+So the thing is I need some kind of text - not the lorem ipsum stuff, that
+doesn't work out that well - to test :mod:`sphinx.versioning`. I couldn't find
+a good text for that under public domain so I thought the easiest solution is
+to write one by myself. Inserting something silly as a modification, btw. have
+you seen the typo below?. It's not really interesting, in fact it is *really*
+boring.
+
+Anyway I need more than one paragraph, at least three for the original
+document, I think, and another one for two different ones. So this is a small
+modification by adding something to this paragraph.
+
+So the previous paragraph was a bit short because I don't want to test this
+only on long paragraphs, I hoep it was short enough to cover most stuff.
+Anyway I see this lacks ``some markup`` so I have to add a **little** bit.
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-versioning/original.txt b/tests/roots/test-versioning/original.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b3fe060
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-versioning/original.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+Versioning test text
+====================
+
+So the thing is I need some kind of text - not the lorem ipsum stuff, that
+doesn't work out that well - to test :mod:`sphinx.versioning`. I couldn't find
+a good text for that under public domain so I thought the easiest solution is
+to write one by myself. It's not really interesting, in fact it is *really*
+boring.
+
+Anyway I need more than one paragraph, at least three for the original
+document, I think, and another one for two different ones.
+
+So the previous paragraph was a bit short because I don't want to test this
+only on long paragraphs, I hope it was short enough to cover most stuff.
+Anyway I see this lacks ``some markup`` so I have to add a **little** bit.
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-warnings/autodoc_fodder.py b/tests/roots/test-warnings/autodoc_fodder.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..59e4e21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-warnings/autodoc_fodder.py
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+class MarkupError:
+    """
+    .. note:: This is a docstring with a
+    small markup error which should have
+    correct location information.
+    """
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-warnings/conf.py b/tests/roots/test-warnings/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..25b8aba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-warnings/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+import os
+import sys
+
+sys.path.append(os.path.abspath('.'))
+
+extensions = ['sphinx.ext.autodoc']
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-warnings/index.rst b/tests/roots/test-warnings/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac52d90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-warnings/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+test-warnings
+=============
+
+.. automodule:: autodoc_fodder
+   :no-index:
+
+   .. autoclass:: MarkupError
+
+.. a non-existing image with direct filename
+.. image:: foo.png
+
+.. a non-existing image with .*
+.. image:: foo.*
+
+.. an SVG image (for HTML at least)
+.. image:: svgimg.*
+
+.. should give a warning
+.. literalinclude:: wrongenc.inc
+   :language: none
+
+.. a non-existing download
+
+Don't download :download:`this <nonexisting.png>`.
+
+.. Invalid index markup
+.. index::
+   single:
+   pair:
+   seealso:
+
+.. Invalid code-block
+.. code-block:: c
+
+   import sys
+
+   sys.stdout.write('hello world!\n')
+
+.. unknown option
+
+This used to crash: :option:`&option`
+
+.. missing citation
+
+[missing]_ citation
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-warnings/svgimg.pdf b/tests/roots/test-warnings/svgimg.pdf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cacbd85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-warnings/svgimg.pdf
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-warnings/svgimg.svg b/tests/roots/test-warnings/svgimg.svg
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2bae0b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-warnings/svgimg.svg
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
+<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" height="60" width="60">
+    <circle cx="40" cy="40" r="24" style="stroke:#000000; fill:#ffffff"/>
+</svg>
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-warnings/undecodable.rst b/tests/roots/test-warnings/undecodable.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a4cf5c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-warnings/undecodable.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+:orphan:
+
+here: �
diff --git a/tests/roots/test-warnings/wrongenc.inc b/tests/roots/test-warnings/wrongenc.inc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..700f613
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/roots/test-warnings/wrongenc.inc
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+This file is encoded in latin-1 but at first read as utf-8.
+
+Max Strau� a� in M�nchen eine Leberk�ssemmel.
diff --git a/tests/test_addnodes.py b/tests/test_addnodes.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..184a696
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_addnodes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+"""Test the non-trivial features in the :mod:`sphinx.addnodes` module."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx import addnodes
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def sig_elements() -> set[type[addnodes.desc_sig_element]]:
+    """Fixture returning the current ``addnodes.SIG_ELEMENTS`` set."""
+    original = addnodes.SIG_ELEMENTS.copy()  # safe copy of the current nodes
+    yield {*addnodes.SIG_ELEMENTS}  # temporary value to use during tests
+    addnodes.SIG_ELEMENTS = original  # restore the previous value
+
+
+def test_desc_sig_element_nodes(sig_elements):
+    """Test the registration of ``desc_sig_element`` subclasses."""
+
+    # expected desc_sig_* node classes (must be declared *after* reloading
+    # the module since otherwise the objects are not the correct ones)
+    EXPECTED_SIG_ELEMENTS = {
+        addnodes.desc_sig_space,
+        addnodes.desc_sig_name,
+        addnodes.desc_sig_operator,
+        addnodes.desc_sig_punctuation,
+        addnodes.desc_sig_keyword,
+        addnodes.desc_sig_keyword_type,
+        addnodes.desc_sig_literal_number,
+        addnodes.desc_sig_literal_string,
+        addnodes.desc_sig_literal_char,
+    }
+
+    assert addnodes.SIG_ELEMENTS == EXPECTED_SIG_ELEMENTS
+
+    # create a built-in custom desc_sig_element (added to SIG_ELEMENTS)
+    class BuiltInSigElementLikeNode(addnodes.desc_sig_element, _sig_element=True):
+        pass
+
+    # create a custom desc_sig_element (implicitly not added to SIG_ELEMENTS)
+    class Custom1SigElementLikeNode(addnodes.desc_sig_element):
+        pass
+
+    # create a custom desc_sig_element (explicitly not added to SIG_ELEMENTS)
+    class Custom2SigElementLikeNode(addnodes.desc_sig_element, _sig_element=False):
+        pass
+
+    assert BuiltInSigElementLikeNode in addnodes.SIG_ELEMENTS
+    assert Custom1SigElementLikeNode not in addnodes.SIG_ELEMENTS
+    assert Custom2SigElementLikeNode not in addnodes.SIG_ELEMENTS
diff --git a/tests/test_api_translator.py b/tests/test_api_translator.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9f2bd44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_api_translator.py
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+"""Test the Sphinx API for translator."""
+
+import sys
+
+import pytest
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope='module', autouse=True)
+def _setup_module(rootdir):
+    p = rootdir / 'test-api-set-translator'
+    sys.path.insert(0, p)
+    yield
+    sys.path.remove(p)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html')
+def test_html_translator(app, status, warning):
+    # no set_translator()
+    translator_class = app.builder.get_translator_class()
+    assert translator_class
+    assert translator_class.__name__ == 'HTML5Translator'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='api-set-translator')
+def test_html_with_set_translator_for_html_(app, status, warning):
+    # use set_translator()
+    translator_class = app.builder.get_translator_class()
+    assert translator_class
+    assert translator_class.__name__ == 'ConfHTMLTranslator'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('singlehtml', testroot='api-set-translator')
+def test_singlehtml_set_translator_for_singlehtml(app, status, warning):
+    translator_class = app.builder.get_translator_class()
+    assert translator_class
+    assert translator_class.__name__ == 'ConfSingleHTMLTranslator'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('pickle', testroot='api-set-translator')
+def test_pickle_set_translator_for_pickle(app, status, warning):
+    translator_class = app.builder.get_translator_class()
+    assert translator_class
+    assert translator_class.__name__ == 'ConfPickleTranslator'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('json', testroot='api-set-translator')
+def test_json_set_translator_for_json(app, status, warning):
+    translator_class = app.builder.get_translator_class()
+    assert translator_class
+    assert translator_class.__name__ == 'ConfJsonTranslator'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='api-set-translator')
+def test_html_with_set_translator_for_latex(app, status, warning):
+    translator_class = app.builder.get_translator_class()
+    assert translator_class
+    assert translator_class.__name__ == 'ConfLaTeXTranslator'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('man', testroot='api-set-translator')
+def test_html_with_set_translator_for_man(app, status, warning):
+    translator_class = app.builder.get_translator_class()
+    assert translator_class
+    assert translator_class.__name__ == 'ConfManualPageTranslator'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('texinfo', testroot='api-set-translator')
+def test_html_with_set_translator_for_texinfo(app, status, warning):
+    translator_class = app.builder.get_translator_class()
+    assert translator_class
+    assert translator_class.__name__ == 'ConfTexinfoTranslator'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text', testroot='api-set-translator')
+def test_html_with_set_translator_for_text(app, status, warning):
+    translator_class = app.builder.get_translator_class()
+    assert translator_class
+    assert translator_class.__name__ == 'ConfTextTranslator'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml', testroot='api-set-translator')
+def test_html_with_set_translator_for_xml(app, status, warning):
+    translator_class = app.builder.get_translator_class()
+    assert translator_class
+    assert translator_class.__name__ == 'ConfXMLTranslator'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('pseudoxml', testroot='api-set-translator')
+def test_html_with_set_translator_for_pseudoxml(app, status, warning):
+    translator_class = app.builder.get_translator_class()
+    assert translator_class
+    assert translator_class.__name__ == 'ConfPseudoXMLTranslator'
diff --git a/tests/test_application.py b/tests/test_application.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a0fe268
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_application.py
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+"""Test the Sphinx class."""
+
+import shutil
+import sys
+from io import StringIO
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import Mock
+
+import pytest
+from docutils import nodes
+
+import sphinx.application
+from sphinx.errors import ExtensionError
+from sphinx.testing.util import SphinxTestApp, strip_escseq
+from sphinx.util import logging
+
+
+def test_instantiation(tmp_path_factory, rootdir: str, monkeypatch):
+    # Given
+    src_dir = tmp_path_factory.getbasetemp() / 'root'
+
+    # special support for sphinx/tests
+    if rootdir and not src_dir.exists():
+        shutil.copytree(Path(str(rootdir)) / 'test-root', src_dir)
+
+    syspath = sys.path[:]
+
+    # When
+    app_ = SphinxTestApp(
+        srcdir=src_dir,
+        status=StringIO(),
+        warning=StringIO(),
+    )
+    sys.path[:] = syspath
+    app_.cleanup()
+
+    # Then
+    assert isinstance(app_, sphinx.application.Sphinx)
+
+
+def test_events(app, status, warning):
+    def empty():
+        pass
+    with pytest.raises(ExtensionError) as excinfo:
+        app.connect("invalid", empty)
+    assert "Unknown event name: invalid" in str(excinfo.value)
+
+    app.add_event("my_event")
+    with pytest.raises(ExtensionError) as excinfo:
+        app.add_event("my_event")
+    assert "Event 'my_event' already present" in str(excinfo.value)
+
+    def mock_callback(a_app, *args):
+        assert a_app is app
+        assert emit_args == args
+        return "ret"
+    emit_args = (1, 3, "string")
+    listener_id = app.connect("my_event", mock_callback)
+    assert app.emit("my_event", *emit_args) == ["ret"], "Callback not called"
+
+    app.disconnect(listener_id)
+    assert app.emit("my_event", *emit_args) == [], \
+        "Callback called when disconnected"
+
+
+def test_emit_with_nonascii_name_node(app, status, warning):
+    node = nodes.section(names=['\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e'])
+    app.emit('my_event', node)
+
+
+def test_extensions(app, status, warning):
+    app.setup_extension('shutil')
+    warning = strip_escseq(warning.getvalue())
+    assert "extension 'shutil' has no setup() function" in warning
+
+
+def test_extension_in_blacklist(app, status, warning):
+    app.setup_extension('sphinxjp.themecore')
+    msg = strip_escseq(warning.getvalue())
+    assert msg.startswith("WARNING: the extension 'sphinxjp.themecore' was")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='add_source_parser')
+def test_add_source_parser(app, status, warning):
+    assert set(app.config.source_suffix) == {'.rst', '.test'}
+
+    # .rst; only in :confval:`source_suffix`
+    assert '.rst' not in app.registry.get_source_parsers()
+    assert app.registry.source_suffix['.rst'] is None
+
+    # .test; configured by API
+    assert app.registry.source_suffix['.test'] == 'test'
+    assert 'test' in app.registry.get_source_parsers()
+    assert app.registry.get_source_parsers()['test'].__name__ == 'TestSourceParser'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='extensions')
+def test_add_is_parallel_allowed(app, status, warning):
+    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
+
+    assert app.is_parallel_allowed('read') is True
+    assert app.is_parallel_allowed('write') is True
+    assert warning.getvalue() == ''
+
+    app.setup_extension('read_parallel')
+    assert app.is_parallel_allowed('read') is True
+    assert app.is_parallel_allowed('write') is True
+    assert warning.getvalue() == ''
+    app.extensions.pop('read_parallel')
+
+    app.setup_extension('write_parallel')
+    assert app.is_parallel_allowed('read') is False
+    assert app.is_parallel_allowed('write') is True
+    assert ("the write_parallel extension does not declare if it is safe "
+            "for parallel reading, assuming it isn't - please ") in warning.getvalue()
+    app.extensions.pop('write_parallel')
+    warning.truncate(0)  # reset warnings
+
+    app.setup_extension('read_serial')
+    assert app.is_parallel_allowed('read') is False
+    assert "the read_serial extension is not safe for parallel reading" in warning.getvalue()
+    warning.truncate(0)  # reset warnings
+    assert app.is_parallel_allowed('write') is True
+    assert warning.getvalue() == ''
+    app.extensions.pop('read_serial')
+
+    app.setup_extension('write_serial')
+    assert app.is_parallel_allowed('read') is False
+    assert app.is_parallel_allowed('write') is False
+    assert ("the write_serial extension does not declare if it is safe "
+            "for parallel reading, assuming it isn't - please ") in warning.getvalue()
+    app.extensions.pop('write_serial')
+    warning.truncate(0)  # reset warnings
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='root')
+def test_build_specific(app):
+    app.builder.build = Mock()
+    filenames = [app.srcdir / 'index.txt',                      # normal
+                 app.srcdir / 'images',                         # without suffix
+                 app.srcdir / 'notfound.txt',                   # not found
+                 app.srcdir / 'img.png',                        # unknown suffix
+                 '/index.txt',                                  # external file
+                 app.srcdir / 'subdir',                         # directory
+                 app.srcdir / 'subdir/includes.txt',            # file on subdir
+                 app.srcdir / 'subdir/../subdir/excluded.txt']  # not normalized
+    app.build(False, filenames)
+
+    expected = ['index', 'subdir/includes', 'subdir/excluded']
+    app.builder.build.assert_called_with(expected,
+                                         method='specific',
+                                         summary='3 source files given on command line')
diff --git a/tests/test_build.py b/tests/test_build.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed4bc43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_build.py
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+"""Test all builders."""
+
+import os
+import shutil
+from unittest import mock
+
+import pytest
+from docutils import nodes
+
+from sphinx.errors import SphinxError
+
+
+def request_session_head(url, **kwargs):
+    response = mock.Mock()
+    response.status_code = 200
+    response.url = url
+    return response
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def nonascii_srcdir(request, rootdir, sphinx_test_tempdir):
+    # Build in a non-ASCII source dir
+    test_name = '\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e'
+    basedir = sphinx_test_tempdir / request.node.originalname
+    srcdir = basedir / test_name
+    if not srcdir.exists():
+        shutil.copytree(rootdir / 'test-root', srcdir)
+
+    # add a doc with a non-ASCII file name to the source dir
+    (srcdir / (test_name + '.txt')).write_text("""
+nonascii file name page
+=======================
+""", encoding='utf8')
+
+    root_doc = srcdir / 'index.txt'
+    root_doc.write_text(root_doc.read_text(encoding='utf8') + f"""
+.. toctree::
+
+{test_name}/{test_name}
+""", encoding='utf8')
+    return srcdir
+
+
+# note: this test skips building docs for some builders because they have independent testcase.
+#       (html, changes, epub, latex, texinfo and manpage)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "buildername",
+    ['dirhtml', 'singlehtml', 'text', 'xml', 'pseudoxml', 'linkcheck'],
+)
+@mock.patch('sphinx.builders.linkcheck.requests.head',
+            side_effect=request_session_head)
+def test_build_all(requests_head, make_app, nonascii_srcdir, buildername):
+    app = make_app(buildername, srcdir=nonascii_srcdir)
+    app.build()
+
+
+def test_root_doc_not_found(tmp_path, make_app):
+    (tmp_path / 'conf.py').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
+    assert os.listdir(tmp_path) == ['conf.py']
+
+    app = make_app('dummy', srcdir=tmp_path)
+    with pytest.raises(SphinxError):
+        app.builder.build_all()  # no index.rst
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(buildername='text', testroot='circular')
+def test_circular_toctree(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    warnings = warning.getvalue()
+    assert (
+        'circular toctree references detected, ignoring: '
+        'sub <- index <- sub') in warnings
+    assert (
+        'circular toctree references detected, ignoring: '
+        'index <- sub <- index') in warnings
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(buildername='text', testroot='numbered-circular')
+def test_numbered_circular_toctree(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    warnings = warning.getvalue()
+    assert (
+        'circular toctree references detected, ignoring: '
+        'sub <- index <- sub') in warnings
+    assert (
+        'circular toctree references detected, ignoring: '
+        'index <- sub <- index') in warnings
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(buildername='dummy', testroot='images')
+def test_image_glob(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    # index.rst
+    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('index')
+
+    assert isinstance(doctree[0][1], nodes.image)
+    assert doctree[0][1]['candidates'] == {'*': 'rimg.png'}
+    assert doctree[0][1]['uri'] == 'rimg.png'
+
+    assert isinstance(doctree[0][2], nodes.figure)
+    assert isinstance(doctree[0][2][0], nodes.image)
+    assert doctree[0][2][0]['candidates'] == {'*': 'rimg.png'}
+    assert doctree[0][2][0]['uri'] == 'rimg.png'
+
+    assert isinstance(doctree[0][3], nodes.image)
+    assert doctree[0][3]['candidates'] == {'application/pdf': 'img.pdf',
+                                           'image/gif': 'img.gif',
+                                           'image/png': 'img.png'}
+    assert doctree[0][3]['uri'] == 'img.*'
+
+    assert isinstance(doctree[0][4], nodes.figure)
+    assert isinstance(doctree[0][4][0], nodes.image)
+    assert doctree[0][4][0]['candidates'] == {'application/pdf': 'img.pdf',
+                                              'image/gif': 'img.gif',
+                                              'image/png': 'img.png'}
+    assert doctree[0][4][0]['uri'] == 'img.*'
+
+    # subdir/index.rst
+    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('subdir/index')
+
+    assert isinstance(doctree[0][1], nodes.image)
+    assert doctree[0][1]['candidates'] == {'*': 'subdir/rimg.png'}
+    assert doctree[0][1]['uri'] == 'subdir/rimg.png'
+
+    assert isinstance(doctree[0][2], nodes.image)
+    assert doctree[0][2]['candidates'] == {'application/pdf': 'subdir/svgimg.pdf',
+                                           'image/svg+xml': 'subdir/svgimg.svg'}
+    assert doctree[0][2]['uri'] == 'subdir/svgimg.*'
+
+    assert isinstance(doctree[0][3], nodes.figure)
+    assert isinstance(doctree[0][3][0], nodes.image)
+    assert doctree[0][3][0]['candidates'] == {'application/pdf': 'subdir/svgimg.pdf',
+                                              'image/svg+xml': 'subdir/svgimg.svg'}
+    assert doctree[0][3][0]['uri'] == 'subdir/svgimg.*'
diff --git a/tests/test_build_changes.py b/tests/test_build_changes.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b340c8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_build_changes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+"""Test the ChangesBuilder class."""
+
+import pytest
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('changes', testroot='changes')
+def test_build(app):
+    app.build()
+
+    # TODO: Use better checking of html content
+    htmltext = (app.outdir / 'changes.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert 'New in version 0.6: Some funny stuff.' in htmltext
+    assert 'Changed in version 0.6: Even more funny stuff.' in htmltext
+    assert 'Deprecated since version 0.6: Boring stuff.' in htmltext
+
+    path_html = (
+        '<b>Path</b>: <i>deprecated:</i> Deprecated since version 0.6:'
+        ' So, that was a bad idea it turns out.')
+    assert path_html in htmltext
+
+    malloc_html = (
+        '<b>void *Test_Malloc(size_t n)</b>: <i>changed:</i> Changed in version 0.6:'
+        ' Can now be replaced with a different allocator.</a>')
+    assert malloc_html in htmltext
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'changes', testroot='changes', srcdir='changes-none',
+    confoverrides={'version': '0.7', 'release': '0.7b1'})
+def test_no_changes(app, status):
+    app.build()
+
+    assert 'no changes in version 0.7.' in status.getvalue()
+    assert not (app.outdir / 'changes.html').exists()
diff --git a/tests/test_build_dirhtml.py b/tests/test_build_dirhtml.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dc5ab86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_build_dirhtml.py
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+"""Test dirhtml builder."""
+
+import posixpath
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx.util.inventory import InventoryFile
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(buildername='dirhtml', testroot='builder-dirhtml')
+def test_dirhtml(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+
+    assert (app.outdir / 'index.html').exists()
+    assert (app.outdir / 'foo/index.html').exists()
+    assert (app.outdir / 'foo/foo_1/index.html').exists()
+    assert (app.outdir / 'foo/foo_2/index.html').exists()
+    assert (app.outdir / 'bar/index.html').exists()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert 'href="foo/"' in content
+    assert 'href="foo/foo_1/"' in content
+    assert 'href="foo/foo_2/"' in content
+    assert 'href="bar/"' in content
+
+    # objects.inv (refs: #7095)
+    with (app.outdir / 'objects.inv').open('rb') as f:
+        invdata = InventoryFile.load(f, 'path/to', posixpath.join)
+
+    assert 'index' in invdata.get('std:doc')
+    assert invdata['std:doc']['index'] == ('Python', '', 'path/to/', '-')
+
+    assert 'foo/index' in invdata.get('std:doc')
+    assert invdata['std:doc']['foo/index'] == ('Python', '', 'path/to/foo/', '-')
+
+    assert 'index' in invdata.get('std:label')
+    assert invdata['std:label']['index'] == ('Python', '', 'path/to/#index', '-')
+
+    assert 'foo' in invdata.get('std:label')
+    assert invdata['std:label']['foo'] == ('Python', '', 'path/to/foo/#foo', 'foo/index')
diff --git a/tests/test_build_epub.py b/tests/test_build_epub.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7f5b815
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_build_epub.py
@@ -0,0 +1,411 @@
+"""Test the HTML builder and check output against XPath."""
+
+import os
+import subprocess
+from pathlib import Path
+from subprocess import CalledProcessError
+from xml.etree import ElementTree
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx.builders.epub3 import _XML_NAME_PATTERN
+
+
+# check given command is runnable
+def runnable(command):
+    try:
+        subprocess.run(command, capture_output=True, check=True)
+        return True
+    except (OSError, CalledProcessError):
+        return False  # command not found or exit with non-zero
+
+
+class EPUBElementTree:
+    """Test helper for content.opf and toc.ncx"""
+    namespaces = {
+        'idpf': 'http://www.idpf.org/2007/opf',
+        'dc': 'http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/',
+        'ibooks': 'http://vocabulary.itunes.apple.com/rdf/ibooks/vocabulary-extensions-1.0/',
+        'ncx': 'http://www.daisy.org/z3986/2005/ncx/',
+        'xhtml': 'http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml',
+        'epub': 'http://www.idpf.org/2007/ops',
+    }
+
+    def __init__(self, tree):
+        self.tree = tree
+
+    @classmethod
+    def fromstring(cls, string):
+        tree = ElementTree.fromstring(string)  # NoQA: S314  # using known data in tests
+        return cls(tree)
+
+    def find(self, match):
+        ret = self.tree.find(match, namespaces=self.namespaces)
+        if ret is not None:
+            return self.__class__(ret)
+        else:
+            return ret
+
+    def findall(self, match):
+        ret = self.tree.findall(match, namespaces=self.namespaces)
+        return [self.__class__(e) for e in ret]
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name):
+        return getattr(self.tree, name)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        for child in self.tree:
+            yield self.__class__(child)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('epub', testroot='basic')
+def test_build_epub(app):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    assert (app.outdir / 'mimetype').read_text(encoding='utf8') == 'application/epub+zip'
+    assert (app.outdir / 'META-INF' / 'container.xml').exists()
+
+    # toc.ncx
+    toc = EPUBElementTree.fromstring((app.outdir / 'toc.ncx').read_text(encoding='utf8'))
+    assert toc.find("./ncx:docTitle/ncx:text").text == 'Python'
+
+    # toc.ncx / head
+    meta = list(toc.find("./ncx:head"))
+    assert meta[0].attrib == {'name': 'dtb:uid', 'content': 'unknown'}
+    assert meta[1].attrib == {'name': 'dtb:depth', 'content': '1'}
+    assert meta[2].attrib == {'name': 'dtb:totalPageCount', 'content': '0'}
+    assert meta[3].attrib == {'name': 'dtb:maxPageNumber', 'content': '0'}
+
+    # toc.ncx / navMap
+    navpoints = toc.findall("./ncx:navMap/ncx:navPoint")
+    assert len(navpoints) == 1
+    assert navpoints[0].attrib == {'id': 'navPoint1', 'playOrder': '1'}
+    assert navpoints[0].find("./ncx:content").attrib == {'src': 'index.xhtml'}
+
+    navlabel = navpoints[0].find("./ncx:navLabel/ncx:text")
+    assert navlabel.text == 'The basic Sphinx documentation for testing'
+
+    # content.opf
+    opf = EPUBElementTree.fromstring((app.outdir / 'content.opf').read_text(encoding='utf8'))
+
+    # content.opf / metadata
+    metadata = opf.find("./idpf:metadata")
+    assert metadata.find("./dc:language").text == 'en'
+    assert metadata.find("./dc:title").text == 'Python'
+    assert metadata.find("./dc:description").text == 'unknown'
+    assert metadata.find("./dc:creator").text == 'unknown'
+    assert metadata.find("./dc:contributor").text == 'unknown'
+    assert metadata.find("./dc:publisher").text == 'unknown'
+    assert metadata.find("./dc:rights").text is None
+    assert metadata.find("./idpf:meta[@property='ibooks:version']").text is None
+    assert metadata.find("./idpf:meta[@property='ibooks:specified-fonts']").text == 'true'
+    assert metadata.find("./idpf:meta[@property='ibooks:binding']").text == 'true'
+    assert metadata.find("./idpf:meta[@property='ibooks:scroll-axis']").text == 'vertical'
+
+    # content.opf / manifest
+    manifest = opf.find("./idpf:manifest")
+    items = list(manifest)
+    assert items[0].attrib == {'id': 'ncx',
+                               'href': 'toc.ncx',
+                               'media-type': 'application/x-dtbncx+xml'}
+    assert items[1].attrib == {'id': 'nav',
+                               'href': 'nav.xhtml',
+                               'media-type': 'application/xhtml+xml',
+                               'properties': 'nav'}
+    assert items[2].attrib == {'id': 'epub-0',
+                               'href': 'genindex.xhtml',
+                               'media-type': 'application/xhtml+xml'}
+    assert items[3].attrib == {'id': 'epub-1',
+                               'href': 'index.xhtml',
+                               'media-type': 'application/xhtml+xml'}
+
+    for i, item in enumerate(items[2:]):
+        # items are named as epub-NN
+        assert item.get('id') == 'epub-%d' % i
+
+    # content.opf / spine
+    spine = opf.find("./idpf:spine")
+    itemrefs = list(spine)
+    assert spine.get('toc') == 'ncx'
+    assert spine.get('page-progression-direction') == 'ltr'
+    assert itemrefs[0].get('idref') == 'epub-1'
+    assert itemrefs[1].get('idref') == 'epub-0'
+
+    # content.opf / guide
+    reference = opf.find("./idpf:guide/idpf:reference")
+    assert reference.get('type') == 'toc'
+    assert reference.get('title') == 'Table of Contents'
+    assert reference.get('href') == 'index.xhtml'
+
+    # nav.xhtml
+    nav = EPUBElementTree.fromstring((app.outdir / 'nav.xhtml').read_text(encoding='utf8'))
+    assert nav.attrib == {'lang': 'en',
+                          '{http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace}lang': 'en'}
+    assert nav.find("./xhtml:head/xhtml:title").text == 'Table of Contents'
+
+    # nav.xhtml / nav
+    navlist = nav.find("./xhtml:body/xhtml:nav")
+    toc = navlist.findall("./xhtml:ol/xhtml:li")
+    assert navlist.find("./xhtml:h1").text == 'Table of Contents'
+    assert len(toc) == 1
+    assert toc[0].find("./xhtml:a").get("href") == 'index.xhtml'
+    assert toc[0].find("./xhtml:a").text == 'The basic Sphinx documentation for testing'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('epub', testroot='footnotes',
+                    confoverrides={'epub_cover': ('_images/rimg.png', None)})
+def test_epub_cover(app):
+    app.build()
+
+    # content.opf / metadata
+    opf = EPUBElementTree.fromstring((app.outdir / 'content.opf').read_text(encoding='utf8'))
+    cover_image = opf.find("./idpf:manifest/idpf:item[@href='%s']" % app.config.epub_cover[0])
+    cover = opf.find("./idpf:metadata/idpf:meta[@name='cover']")
+    assert cover
+    assert cover.get('content') == cover_image.get('id')
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('epub', testroot='toctree')
+def test_nested_toc(app):
+    app.build()
+
+    # toc.ncx
+    toc = EPUBElementTree.fromstring((app.outdir / 'toc.ncx').read_bytes())
+    assert toc.find("./ncx:docTitle/ncx:text").text == 'Python'
+
+    # toc.ncx / navPoint
+    def navinfo(elem):
+        label = elem.find("./ncx:navLabel/ncx:text")
+        content = elem.find("./ncx:content")
+        return (elem.get('id'), elem.get('playOrder'),
+                content.get('src'), label.text)
+
+    navpoints = toc.findall("./ncx:navMap/ncx:navPoint")
+    assert len(navpoints) == 4
+    assert navinfo(navpoints[0]) == ('navPoint1', '1', 'index.xhtml',
+                                     "Welcome to Sphinx Tests’s documentation!")
+    assert navpoints[0].findall("./ncx:navPoint") == []
+
+    # toc.ncx / nested navPoints
+    assert navinfo(navpoints[1]) == ('navPoint2', '2', 'foo.xhtml', 'foo')
+    navchildren = navpoints[1].findall("./ncx:navPoint")
+    assert len(navchildren) == 4
+    assert navinfo(navchildren[0]) == ('navPoint3', '2', 'foo.xhtml', 'foo')
+    assert navinfo(navchildren[1]) == ('navPoint4', '3', 'quux.xhtml', 'quux')
+    assert navinfo(navchildren[2]) == ('navPoint5', '4', 'foo.xhtml#foo-1', 'foo.1')
+    assert navinfo(navchildren[3]) == ('navPoint8', '6', 'foo.xhtml#foo-2', 'foo.2')
+
+    # nav.xhtml / nav
+    def navinfo(elem):
+        anchor = elem.find("./xhtml:a")
+        return (anchor.get('href'), anchor.text)
+
+    nav = EPUBElementTree.fromstring((app.outdir / 'nav.xhtml').read_bytes())
+    toc = nav.findall("./xhtml:body/xhtml:nav/xhtml:ol/xhtml:li")
+    assert len(toc) == 4
+    assert navinfo(toc[0]) == ('index.xhtml',
+                               "Welcome to Sphinx Tests’s documentation!")
+    assert toc[0].findall("./xhtml:ol") == []
+
+    # nav.xhtml / nested toc
+    assert navinfo(toc[1]) == ('foo.xhtml', 'foo')
+    tocchildren = toc[1].findall("./xhtml:ol/xhtml:li")
+    assert len(tocchildren) == 3
+    assert navinfo(tocchildren[0]) == ('quux.xhtml', 'quux')
+    assert navinfo(tocchildren[1]) == ('foo.xhtml#foo-1', 'foo.1')
+    assert navinfo(tocchildren[2]) == ('foo.xhtml#foo-2', 'foo.2')
+
+    grandchild = tocchildren[1].findall("./xhtml:ol/xhtml:li")
+    assert len(grandchild) == 1
+    assert navinfo(grandchild[0]) == ('foo.xhtml#foo-1-1', 'foo.1-1')
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('epub', testroot='need-escaped')
+def test_escaped_toc(app):
+    app.build()
+
+    # toc.ncx
+    toc = EPUBElementTree.fromstring((app.outdir / 'toc.ncx').read_bytes())
+    assert toc.find("./ncx:docTitle/ncx:text").text == 'need <b>"escaped"</b> project'
+
+    # toc.ncx / navPoint
+    def navinfo(elem):
+        label = elem.find("./ncx:navLabel/ncx:text")
+        content = elem.find("./ncx:content")
+        return (elem.get('id'), elem.get('playOrder'),
+                content.get('src'), label.text)
+
+    navpoints = toc.findall("./ncx:navMap/ncx:navPoint")
+    assert len(navpoints) == 4
+    assert navinfo(navpoints[0]) == ('navPoint1', '1', 'index.xhtml',
+                                     "Welcome to Sphinx Tests's documentation!")
+    assert navpoints[0].findall("./ncx:navPoint") == []
+
+    # toc.ncx / nested navPoints
+    assert navinfo(navpoints[1]) == ('navPoint2', '2', 'foo.xhtml', '<foo>')
+    navchildren = navpoints[1].findall("./ncx:navPoint")
+    assert len(navchildren) == 4
+    assert navinfo(navchildren[0]) == ('navPoint3', '2', 'foo.xhtml', '<foo>')
+    assert navinfo(navchildren[1]) == ('navPoint4', '3', 'quux.xhtml', 'quux')
+    assert navinfo(navchildren[2]) == ('navPoint5', '4', 'foo.xhtml#foo-1', 'foo “1”')
+    assert navinfo(navchildren[3]) == ('navPoint8', '6', 'foo.xhtml#foo-2', 'foo.2')
+
+    # nav.xhtml / nav
+    def navinfo(elem):
+        anchor = elem.find("./xhtml:a")
+        return (anchor.get('href'), anchor.text)
+
+    nav = EPUBElementTree.fromstring((app.outdir / 'nav.xhtml').read_bytes())
+    toc = nav.findall("./xhtml:body/xhtml:nav/xhtml:ol/xhtml:li")
+    assert len(toc) == 4
+    assert navinfo(toc[0]) == ('index.xhtml',
+                               "Welcome to Sphinx Tests's documentation!")
+    assert toc[0].findall("./xhtml:ol") == []
+
+    # nav.xhtml / nested toc
+    assert navinfo(toc[1]) == ('foo.xhtml', '<foo>')
+    tocchildren = toc[1].findall("./xhtml:ol/xhtml:li")
+    assert len(tocchildren) == 3
+    assert navinfo(tocchildren[0]) == ('quux.xhtml', 'quux')
+    assert navinfo(tocchildren[1]) == ('foo.xhtml#foo-1', 'foo “1”')
+    assert navinfo(tocchildren[2]) == ('foo.xhtml#foo-2', 'foo.2')
+
+    grandchild = tocchildren[1].findall("./xhtml:ol/xhtml:li")
+    assert len(grandchild) == 1
+    assert navinfo(grandchild[0]) == ('foo.xhtml#foo-1-1', 'foo.1-1')
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('epub', testroot='basic')
+def test_epub_writing_mode(app):
+    # horizontal (default)
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    # horizontal / page-progression-direction
+    opf = EPUBElementTree.fromstring((app.outdir / 'content.opf').read_text(encoding='utf8'))
+    assert opf.find("./idpf:spine").get('page-progression-direction') == 'ltr'
+
+    # horizontal / ibooks:scroll-axis
+    metadata = opf.find("./idpf:metadata")
+    assert metadata.find("./idpf:meta[@property='ibooks:scroll-axis']").text == 'vertical'
+
+    # horizontal / writing-mode (CSS)
+    css = (app.outdir / '_static' / 'epub.css').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert 'writing-mode: horizontal-tb;' in css
+
+    # vertical
+    app.config.epub_writing_mode = 'vertical'
+    (app.outdir / 'index.xhtml').unlink()  # forcely rebuild
+    app.build()
+
+    # vertical / page-progression-direction
+    opf = EPUBElementTree.fromstring((app.outdir / 'content.opf').read_text(encoding='utf8'))
+    assert opf.find("./idpf:spine").get('page-progression-direction') == 'rtl'
+
+    # vertical / ibooks:scroll-axis
+    metadata = opf.find("./idpf:metadata")
+    assert metadata.find("./idpf:meta[@property='ibooks:scroll-axis']").text == 'horizontal'
+
+    # vertical / writing-mode (CSS)
+    css = (app.outdir / '_static' / 'epub.css').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert 'writing-mode: vertical-rl;' in css
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('epub', testroot='epub-anchor-id')
+def test_epub_anchor_id(app):
+    app.build()
+
+    html = (app.outdir / 'index.xhtml').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('<p id="std-setting-STATICFILES_FINDERS">'
+            'blah blah blah</p>' in html)
+    assert ('<span id="std-setting-STATICFILES_SECTION"></span>'
+            '<h1>blah blah blah</h1>' in html)
+    assert 'see <a class="reference internal" href="#std-setting-STATICFILES_FINDERS">' in html
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('epub', testroot='html_assets')
+def test_epub_assets(app):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    # epub_sytlesheets (same as html_css_files)
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.xhtml').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/css/style.css" />'
+            in content)
+    assert ('<link media="print" rel="stylesheet" title="title" type="text/css" '
+            'href="https://example.com/custom.css" />' in content)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('epub', testroot='html_assets',
+                    confoverrides={'epub_css_files': ['css/epub.css']})
+def test_epub_css_files(app):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    # epub_css_files
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.xhtml').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/css/epub.css" />' in content
+
+    # files in html_css_files are not outputted
+    assert ('<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/css/style.css" />'
+            not in content)
+    assert ('<link media="print" rel="stylesheet" title="title" type="text/css" '
+            'href="https://example.com/custom.css" />' not in content)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('epub', testroot='roles-download')
+def test_html_download_role(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    assert not (app.outdir / '_downloads' / 'dummy.dat').exists()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.xhtml').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('<li><p><code class="xref download docutils literal notranslate">'
+            '<span class="pre">dummy.dat</span></code></p></li>' in content)
+    assert ('<li><p><code class="xref download docutils literal notranslate">'
+            '<span class="pre">not_found.dat</span></code></p></li>' in content)
+    assert ('<li><p><code class="xref download docutils literal notranslate">'
+            '<span class="pre">Sphinx</span> <span class="pre">logo</span></code>'
+            '<span class="link-target"> [http://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master'
+            '/_static/sphinxheader.png]</span></p></li>' in content)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('epub', testroot='toctree-duplicated')
+def test_duplicated_toctree_entry(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    assert 'WARNING: duplicated ToC entry found: foo.xhtml' in warning.getvalue()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif('DO_EPUBCHECK' not in os.environ,
+                    reason='Skipped because DO_EPUBCHECK is not set')
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('epub')
+def test_run_epubcheck(app):
+    app.build()
+
+    epubcheck = os.environ.get('EPUBCHECK_PATH', '/usr/share/java/epubcheck.jar')
+    if runnable(['java', '-version']) and os.path.exists(epubcheck):
+        try:
+            subprocess.run(['java', '-jar', epubcheck, app.outdir / 'SphinxTests.epub'],
+                           capture_output=True, check=True)
+        except CalledProcessError as exc:
+            print(exc.stdout.decode('utf-8'))
+            print(exc.stderr.decode('utf-8'))
+            msg = f'epubcheck exited with return code {exc.returncode}'
+            raise AssertionError(msg) from exc
+
+
+def test_xml_name_pattern_check():
+    assert _XML_NAME_PATTERN.match('id-pub')
+    assert _XML_NAME_PATTERN.match('webpage')
+    assert not _XML_NAME_PATTERN.match('1bfda21')
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('epub', testroot='images')
+def test_copy_images(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+
+    images_dir = Path(app.outdir) / '_images'
+    images = {image.name for image in images_dir.rglob('*')}
+    images.discard('python-logo.png')
+    assert images == {
+        'img.png',
+        'rimg.png',
+        'rimg1.png',
+        'svgimg.svg',
+        'testimäge.png',
+    }
diff --git a/tests/test_build_gettext.py b/tests/test_build_gettext.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d9154e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_build_gettext.py
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+"""Test the build process with gettext builder with the test root."""
+
+import gettext
+import os
+import re
+import subprocess
+import sys
+from subprocess import CalledProcessError
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx.builders.gettext import Catalog, MsgOrigin
+
+if sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 11):
+    from contextlib import chdir
+else:
+    from sphinx.util.osutil import _chdir as chdir
+
+_MSGID_PATTERN = re.compile(r'msgid "(.*)"')
+
+
+def msgid_getter(msgid):
+    if m := _MSGID_PATTERN.search(msgid):
+        return m[1]
+    return None
+
+
+def test_Catalog_duplicated_message():
+    catalog = Catalog()
+    catalog.add('hello', MsgOrigin('/path/to/filename', 1))
+    catalog.add('hello', MsgOrigin('/path/to/filename', 1))
+    catalog.add('hello', MsgOrigin('/path/to/filename', 2))
+    catalog.add('hello', MsgOrigin('/path/to/yetanother', 1))
+    catalog.add('world', MsgOrigin('/path/to/filename', 1))
+
+    assert len(list(catalog)) == 2
+
+    msg1, msg2 = list(catalog)
+    assert msg1.text == 'hello'
+    assert msg1.locations == [('/path/to/filename', 1),
+                              ('/path/to/filename', 2),
+                              ('/path/to/yetanother', 1)]
+    assert msg2.text == 'world'
+    assert msg2.locations == [('/path/to/filename', 1)]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('gettext', srcdir='root-gettext')
+def test_build_gettext(app):
+    # Generic build; should fail only when the builder is horribly broken.
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    # Do messages end up in the correct location?
+    # top-level documents end up in a message catalog
+    assert (app.outdir / 'extapi.pot').is_file()
+    # directory items are grouped into sections
+    assert (app.outdir / 'subdir.pot').is_file()
+
+    # regression test for issue #960
+    catalog = (app.outdir / 'markup.pot').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert 'msgid "something, something else, something more"' in catalog
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('gettext', srcdir='root-gettext')
+def test_msgfmt(app):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    (app.outdir / 'en' / 'LC_MESSAGES').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    with chdir(app.outdir):
+        try:
+            args = ['msginit', '--no-translator', '-i', 'markup.pot', '--locale', 'en_US']
+            subprocess.run(args, capture_output=True, check=True)
+        except OSError:
+            pytest.skip()  # most likely msginit was not found
+        except CalledProcessError as exc:
+            print(exc.stdout)
+            print(exc.stderr)
+            msg = f'msginit exited with return code {exc.returncode}'
+            raise AssertionError(msg) from exc
+
+        assert (app.outdir / 'en_US.po').is_file(), 'msginit failed'
+        try:
+            args = ['msgfmt', 'en_US.po',
+                    '-o', os.path.join('en', 'LC_MESSAGES', 'test_root.mo')]
+            subprocess.run(args, capture_output=True, check=True)
+        except OSError:
+            pytest.skip()  # most likely msgfmt was not found
+        except CalledProcessError as exc:
+            print(exc.stdout)
+            print(exc.stderr)
+            msg = f'msgfmt exited with return code {exc.returncode}'
+            raise AssertionError(msg) from exc
+
+        mo = app.outdir / 'en' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'test_root.mo'
+        assert mo.is_file(), 'msgfmt failed'
+
+    _ = gettext.translation('test_root', app.outdir, languages=['en']).gettext
+    assert _("Testing various markup") == "Testing various markup"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'gettext', testroot='intl', srcdir='gettext',
+    confoverrides={'gettext_compact': False})
+def test_gettext_index_entries(app):
+    # regression test for #976
+    app.builder.build(['index_entries'])
+
+    pot = (app.outdir / 'index_entries.pot').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    msg_ids = list(filter(None, map(msgid_getter, pot.splitlines())))
+
+    assert msg_ids == [
+        "i18n with index entries",
+        "index target section",
+        "this is :index:`Newsletter` target paragraph.",
+        "various index entries",
+        "That's all.",
+        "Mailing List",
+        "Newsletter",
+        "Recipients List",
+        "First",
+        "Second",
+        "Third",
+        "Entry",
+        "See",
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'gettext', testroot='intl', srcdir='gettext',
+    confoverrides={'gettext_compact': False,
+                   'gettext_additional_targets': []})
+def test_gettext_disable_index_entries(app):
+    # regression test for #976
+    app.env._pickled_doctree_cache.clear()  # clear cache
+    app.builder.build(['index_entries'])
+
+    pot = (app.outdir / 'index_entries.pot').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    msg_ids = list(filter(None, map(msgid_getter, pot.splitlines())))
+
+    assert msg_ids == [
+        "i18n with index entries",
+        "index target section",
+        "this is :index:`Newsletter` target paragraph.",
+        "various index entries",
+        "That's all.",
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('gettext', testroot='intl', srcdir='gettext')
+def test_gettext_template(app):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    assert (app.outdir / 'sphinx.pot').is_file()
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'sphinx.pot').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert "Welcome" in result
+    assert "Sphinx %(version)s" in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('gettext', testroot='gettext-template')
+def test_gettext_template_msgid_order_in_sphinxpot(app):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    assert (app.outdir / 'sphinx.pot').is_file()
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'sphinx.pot').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert re.search(
+        ('msgid "Template 1".*'
+         'msgid "This is Template 1\\.".*'
+         'msgid "Template 2".*'
+         'msgid "This is Template 2\\.".*'),
+        result,
+        flags=re.DOTALL)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'gettext', srcdir='root-gettext',
+    confoverrides={'gettext_compact': 'documentation'})
+def test_build_single_pot(app):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    assert (app.outdir / 'documentation.pot').is_file()
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'documentation.pot').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert re.search(
+        ('msgid "Todo".*'
+         'msgid "Like footnotes.".*'
+         'msgid "The minute.".*'
+         'msgid "Generated section".*'),
+        result,
+        flags=re.DOTALL)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'gettext',
+    testroot='intl_substitution_definitions',
+    srcdir='gettext-subst',
+    confoverrides={'gettext_compact': False,
+                   'gettext_additional_targets': ['image']})
+def test_gettext_prolog_epilog_substitution(app):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    assert (app.outdir / 'prolog_epilog_substitution.pot').is_file()
+    pot = (app.outdir / 'prolog_epilog_substitution.pot').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    msg_ids = list(filter(None, map(msgid_getter, pot.splitlines())))
+
+    assert msg_ids == [
+        "i18n with prologue and epilogue substitutions",
+        "This is content that contains |subst_prolog_1|.",
+        "Substituted image |subst_prolog_2| here.",
+        "subst_prolog_2",
+        ".. image:: /img.png",
+        "This is content that contains |subst_epilog_1|.",
+        "Substituted image |subst_epilog_2| here.",
+        "subst_epilog_2",
+        ".. image:: /i18n.png",
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'gettext',
+    testroot='intl_substitution_definitions',
+    srcdir='gettext-subst',
+    confoverrides={'gettext_compact': False,
+                   'gettext_additional_targets': ['image']})
+def test_gettext_prolog_epilog_substitution_excluded(app):
+    # regression test for #9428
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    assert (app.outdir / 'prolog_epilog_substitution_excluded.pot').is_file()
+    pot = (app.outdir / 'prolog_epilog_substitution_excluded.pot').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    msg_ids = list(filter(None, map(msgid_getter, pot.splitlines())))
+
+    assert msg_ids == [
+        "i18n without prologue and epilogue substitutions",
+        "This is content that does not include prologue and epilogue substitutions.",
+    ]
diff --git a/tests/test_build_html.py b/tests/test_build_html.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..07f101d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_build_html.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1841 @@
+"""Test the HTML builder and check output against XPath."""
+
+import hashlib
+import os
+import posixpath
+import re
+from itertools import chain, cycle
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import ANY, call, patch
+
+import pytest
+from html5lib import HTMLParser
+
+import sphinx.builders.html
+from sphinx.builders.html import validate_html_extra_path, validate_html_static_path
+from sphinx.builders.html._assets import _file_checksum
+from sphinx.errors import ConfigError, ThemeError
+from sphinx.testing.util import strip_escseq
+from sphinx.util.inventory import InventoryFile
+
+FIGURE_CAPTION = ".//figure/figcaption/p"
+
+
+ENV_WARNINGS = """\
+%(root)s/autodoc_fodder.py:docstring of autodoc_fodder.MarkupError:\\d+: \
+WARNING: Explicit markup ends without a blank line; unexpected unindent.
+%(root)s/index.rst:\\d+: WARNING: Encoding 'utf-8-sig' used for reading included \
+file '%(root)s/wrongenc.inc' seems to be wrong, try giving an :encoding: option
+%(root)s/index.rst:\\d+: WARNING: invalid single index entry ''
+%(root)s/index.rst:\\d+: WARNING: image file not readable: foo.png
+%(root)s/index.rst:\\d+: WARNING: download file not readable: %(root)s/nonexisting.png
+%(root)s/undecodable.rst:\\d+: WARNING: undecodable source characters, replacing \
+with "\\?": b?'here: >>>(\\\\|/)xbb<<<((\\\\|/)r)?'
+"""
+
+HTML_WARNINGS = ENV_WARNINGS + """\
+%(root)s/index.rst:\\d+: WARNING: unknown option: '&option'
+%(root)s/index.rst:\\d+: WARNING: citation not found: missing
+%(root)s/index.rst:\\d+: WARNING: a suitable image for html builder not found: foo.\\*
+%(root)s/index.rst:\\d+: WARNING: Lexing literal_block ".*" as "c" resulted in an error at token: ".*". Retrying in relaxed mode.
+"""
+
+
+etree_cache = {}
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope='module')
+def cached_etree_parse():
+    def parse(fname):
+        if fname in etree_cache:
+            return etree_cache[fname]
+        with (fname).open('rb') as fp:
+            etree = HTMLParser(namespaceHTMLElements=False).parse(fp)
+            etree_cache.clear()
+            etree_cache[fname] = etree
+            return etree
+    yield parse
+    etree_cache.clear()
+
+
+def flat_dict(d):
+    return chain.from_iterable(
+        [
+            zip(cycle([fname]), values)
+            for fname, values in d.items()
+        ],
+    )
+
+
+def tail_check(check):
+    rex = re.compile(check)
+
+    def checker(nodes):
+        for node in nodes:
+            if node.tail and rex.search(node.tail):
+                return True
+        msg = f'{check!r} not found in tail of any nodes {nodes}'
+        raise AssertionError(msg)
+    return checker
+
+
+def check_xpath(etree, fname, path, check, be_found=True):
+    nodes = list(etree.findall(path))
+    if check is None:
+        assert nodes == [], ('found any nodes matching xpath '
+                             '%r in file %s' % (path, fname))
+        return
+    else:
+        assert nodes != [], ('did not find any node matching xpath '
+                             '%r in file %s' % (path, fname))
+    if callable(check):
+        check(nodes)
+    elif not check:
+        # only check for node presence
+        pass
+    else:
+        def get_text(node):
+            if node.text is not None:
+                # the node has only one text
+                return node.text
+            else:
+                # the node has tags and text; gather texts just under the node
+                return ''.join(n.tail or '' for n in node)
+
+        rex = re.compile(check)
+        if be_found:
+            if any(rex.search(get_text(node)) for node in nodes):
+                return
+        else:
+            if all(not rex.search(get_text(node)) for node in nodes):
+                return
+
+        raise AssertionError('%r not found in any node matching '
+                             'path %s in %s: %r' % (check, path, fname,
+                                                    [node.text for node in nodes]))
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='warnings')
+def test_html_warnings(app, warning):
+    app.build()
+    html_warnings = strip_escseq(re.sub(re.escape(os.sep) + '{1,2}', '/', warning.getvalue()))
+    html_warnings_exp = HTML_WARNINGS % {
+        'root': re.escape(app.srcdir.as_posix())}
+    assert re.match(html_warnings_exp + '$', html_warnings), \
+        "Warnings don't match:\n" + \
+        '--- Expected (regex):\n' + html_warnings_exp + \
+        '--- Got:\n' + html_warnings
+
+
+def test_html4_error(make_app, tmp_path):
+    (tmp_path / 'conf.py').write_text('', encoding='utf-8')
+    with pytest.raises(
+        ConfigError,
+        match='HTML 4 is no longer supported by Sphinx',
+    ):
+        make_app(
+            buildername='html',
+            srcdir=tmp_path,
+            confoverrides={'html4_writer': True},
+        )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(("fname", "expect"), flat_dict({
+    'images.html': [
+        (".//img[@src='_images/img.png']", ''),
+        (".//img[@src='_images/img1.png']", ''),
+        (".//img[@src='_images/simg.png']", ''),
+        (".//img[@src='_images/svgimg.svg']", ''),
+        (".//a[@href='_sources/images.txt']", ''),
+    ],
+    'subdir/images.html': [
+        (".//img[@src='../_images/img1.png']", ''),
+        (".//img[@src='../_images/rimg.png']", ''),
+    ],
+    'subdir/includes.html': [
+        (".//a[@class='reference download internal']", ''),
+        (".//img[@src='../_images/img.png']", ''),
+        (".//p", 'This is an include file.'),
+        (".//pre/span", 'line 1'),
+        (".//pre/span", 'line 2'),
+    ],
+    'includes.html': [
+        (".//pre", 'Max Strauß'),
+        (".//a[@class='reference download internal']", ''),
+        (".//pre/span", '"quotes"'),
+        (".//pre/span", "'included'"),
+        (".//pre/span[@class='s2']", 'üöä'),
+        (".//div[@class='inc-pyobj1 highlight-text notranslate']//pre",
+         r'^class Foo:\n    pass\n\s*$'),
+        (".//div[@class='inc-pyobj2 highlight-text notranslate']//pre",
+         r'^    def baz\(\):\n        pass\n\s*$'),
+        (".//div[@class='inc-lines highlight-text notranslate']//pre",
+         r'^class Foo:\n    pass\nclass Bar:\n$'),
+        (".//div[@class='inc-startend highlight-text notranslate']//pre",
+         '^foo = "Including Unicode characters: üöä"\\n$'),
+        (".//div[@class='inc-preappend highlight-text notranslate']//pre",
+         r'(?m)^START CODE$'),
+        (".//div[@class='inc-pyobj-dedent highlight-python notranslate']//span",
+         r'def'),
+        (".//div[@class='inc-tab3 highlight-text notranslate']//pre",
+         r'-| |-'),
+        (".//div[@class='inc-tab8 highlight-python notranslate']//pre/span",
+         r'-|      |-'),
+    ],
+    'autodoc.html': [
+        (".//dl[@class='py class']/dt[@id='autodoc_target.Class']", ''),
+        (".//dl[@class='py function']/dt[@id='autodoc_target.function']/em/span/span", r'\*\*'),
+        (".//dl[@class='py function']/dt[@id='autodoc_target.function']/em/span/span", r'kwds'),
+        (".//dd/p", r'Return spam\.'),
+    ],
+    'extapi.html': [
+        (".//strong", 'from class: Bar'),
+    ],
+    'markup.html': [
+        (".//title", 'set by title directive'),
+        (".//p/em", 'Section author: Georg Brandl'),
+        (".//p/em", 'Module author: Georg Brandl'),
+        # created by the meta directive
+        (".//meta[@name='author'][@content='Me']", ''),
+        (".//meta[@name='keywords'][@content='docs, sphinx']", ''),
+        # a label created by ``.. _label:``
+        (".//div[@id='label']", ''),
+        # code with standard code blocks
+        (".//pre", '^some code$'),
+        # an option list
+        (".//span[@class='option']", '--help'),
+        # admonitions
+        (".//p[@class='admonition-title']", 'My Admonition'),
+        (".//div[@class='admonition note']/p", 'Note text.'),
+        (".//div[@class='admonition warning']/p", 'Warning text.'),
+        # inline markup
+        (".//li/p/strong", r'^command\\n$'),
+        (".//li/p/strong", r'^program\\n$'),
+        (".//li/p/em", r'^dfn\\n$'),
+        (".//li/p/kbd", r'^kbd\\n$'),
+        (".//li/p/span", 'File \N{TRIANGULAR BULLET} Close'),
+        (".//li/p/code/span[@class='pre']", '^a/$'),
+        (".//li/p/code/em/span[@class='pre']", '^varpart$'),
+        (".//li/p/code/em/span[@class='pre']", '^i$'),
+        (".//a[@href='https://peps.python.org/pep-0008/']"
+         "[@class='pep reference external']/strong", 'PEP 8'),
+        (".//a[@href='https://peps.python.org/pep-0008/']"
+         "[@class='pep reference external']/strong",
+         'Python Enhancement Proposal #8'),
+        (".//a[@href='https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1.html']"
+         "[@class='rfc reference external']/strong", 'RFC 1'),
+        (".//a[@href='https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc1.html']"
+         "[@class='rfc reference external']/strong", 'Request for Comments #1'),
+        (".//a[@href='objects.html#envvar-HOME']"
+         "[@class='reference internal']/code/span[@class='pre']", 'HOME'),
+        (".//a[@href='#with']"
+         "[@class='reference internal']/code/span[@class='pre']", '^with$'),
+        (".//a[@href='#grammar-token-try_stmt']"
+         "[@class='reference internal']/code/span", '^statement$'),
+        (".//a[@href='#some-label'][@class='reference internal']/span", '^here$'),
+        (".//a[@href='#some-label'][@class='reference internal']/span", '^there$'),
+        (".//a[@href='subdir/includes.html']"
+         "[@class='reference internal']/span", 'Including in subdir'),
+        (".//a[@href='objects.html#cmdoption-python-c']"
+         "[@class='reference internal']/code/span[@class='pre']", '-c'),
+        # abbreviations
+        (".//abbr[@title='abbreviation']", '^abbr$'),
+        # version stuff
+        (".//div[@class='versionadded']/p/span", 'New in version 0.6: '),
+        (".//div[@class='versionadded']/p/span",
+         tail_check('First paragraph of versionadded')),
+        (".//div[@class='versionchanged']/p/span",
+         tail_check('First paragraph of versionchanged')),
+        (".//div[@class='versionchanged']/p",
+         'Second paragraph of versionchanged'),
+        # footnote reference
+        (".//a[@class='footnote-reference brackets']", r'1'),
+        # created by reference lookup
+        (".//a[@href='index.html#ref1']", ''),
+        # ``seealso`` directive
+        (".//div/p[@class='admonition-title']", 'See also'),
+        # a ``hlist`` directive
+        (".//table[@class='hlist']/tbody/tr/td/ul/li/p", '^This$'),
+        # a ``centered`` directive
+        (".//p[@class='centered']/strong", 'LICENSE'),
+        # a glossary
+        (".//dl/dt[@id='term-boson']", 'boson'),
+        (".//dl/dt[@id='term-boson']/a", '¶'),
+        # a production list
+        (".//pre/strong", 'try_stmt'),
+        (".//pre/a[@href='#grammar-token-try1_stmt']/code/span", 'try1_stmt'),
+        # tests for ``only`` directive
+        (".//p", 'A global substitution!'),
+        (".//p", 'In HTML.'),
+        (".//p", 'In both.'),
+        (".//p", 'Always present'),
+        # tests for ``any`` role
+        (".//a[@href='#with']/span", 'headings'),
+        (".//a[@href='objects.html#func_without_body']/code/span", 'objects'),
+        # tests for numeric labels
+        (".//a[@href='#id1'][@class='reference internal']/span", 'Testing various markup'),
+        # tests for smartypants
+        (".//li/p", 'Smart “quotes” in English ‘text’.'),
+        (".//li/p", 'Smart — long and – short dashes.'),
+        (".//li/p", 'Ellipsis…'),
+        (".//li/p/code/span[@class='pre']", 'foo--"bar"...'),
+        (".//p", 'Этот «абзац» должен использовать „русские“ кавычки.'),
+        (".//p", 'Il dit : « C’est “super” ! »'),
+    ],
+    'objects.html': [
+        (".//dt[@id='mod.Cls.meth1']", ''),
+        (".//dt[@id='errmod.Error']", ''),
+        (".//dt/span[@class='sig-name descname']/span[@class='pre']", r'long\(parameter,'),
+        (".//dt/span[@class='sig-name descname']/span[@class='pre']", r'list\)'),
+        (".//dt/span[@class='sig-name descname']/span[@class='pre']", 'another'),
+        (".//dt/span[@class='sig-name descname']/span[@class='pre']", 'one'),
+        (".//a[@href='#mod.Cls'][@class='reference internal']", ''),
+        (".//dl[@class='std userdesc']", ''),
+        (".//dt[@id='userdesc-myobj']", ''),
+        (".//a[@href='#userdesc-myobj'][@class='reference internal']", ''),
+        # docfields
+        (".//a[@class='reference internal'][@href='#TimeInt']/em", 'TimeInt'),
+        (".//a[@class='reference internal'][@href='#Time']", 'Time'),
+        (".//a[@class='reference internal'][@href='#errmod.Error']/strong", 'Error'),
+        # C references
+        (".//span[@class='pre']", 'CFunction()'),
+        (".//a[@href='#c.Sphinx_DoSomething']", ''),
+        (".//a[@href='#c.SphinxStruct.member']", ''),
+        (".//a[@href='#c.SPHINX_USE_PYTHON']", ''),
+        (".//a[@href='#c.SphinxType']", ''),
+        (".//a[@href='#c.sphinx_global']", ''),
+        # test global TOC created by toctree()
+        (".//ul[@class='current']/li[@class='toctree-l1 current']/a[@href='#']",
+         'Testing object descriptions'),
+        (".//li[@class='toctree-l1']/a[@href='markup.html']",
+         'Testing various markup'),
+        # test unknown field names
+        (".//dt[@class='field-odd']", 'Field_name'),
+        (".//dt[@class='field-even']", 'Field_name all lower'),
+        (".//dt[@class='field-odd']", 'FIELD_NAME'),
+        (".//dt[@class='field-even']", 'FIELD_NAME ALL CAPS'),
+        (".//dt[@class='field-odd']", 'Field_Name'),
+        (".//dt[@class='field-even']", 'Field_Name All Word Caps'),
+        (".//dt[@class='field-odd']", 'Field_name'),
+        (".//dt[@class='field-even']", 'Field_name First word cap'),
+        (".//dt[@class='field-odd']", 'FIELd_name'),
+        (".//dt[@class='field-even']", 'FIELd_name PARTial caps'),
+        # custom sidebar
+        (".//h4", 'Custom sidebar'),
+        # docfields
+        (".//dd[@class='field-odd']/p/strong", '^moo$'),
+        (".//dd[@class='field-odd']/p/strong", tail_check(r'\(Moo\) .* Moo')),
+        (".//dd[@class='field-odd']/ul/li/p/strong", '^hour$'),
+        (".//dd[@class='field-odd']/ul/li/p/em", '^DuplicateType$'),
+        (".//dd[@class='field-odd']/ul/li/p/em", tail_check(r'.* Some parameter')),
+        # others
+        (".//a[@class='reference internal'][@href='#cmdoption-perl-arg-p']/code/span",
+         'perl'),
+        (".//a[@class='reference internal'][@href='#cmdoption-perl-arg-p']/code/span",
+         '\\+p'),
+        (".//a[@class='reference internal'][@href='#cmdoption-perl-ObjC']/code/span",
+         '--ObjC\\+\\+'),
+        (".//a[@class='reference internal'][@href='#cmdoption-perl-plugin.option']/code/span",
+         '--plugin.option'),
+        (".//a[@class='reference internal'][@href='#cmdoption-perl-arg-create-auth-token']"
+         "/code/span",
+         'create-auth-token'),
+        (".//a[@class='reference internal'][@href='#cmdoption-perl-arg-arg']/code/span",
+         'arg'),
+        (".//a[@class='reference internal'][@href='#cmdoption-perl-j']/code/span",
+         '-j'),
+        (".//a[@class='reference internal'][@href='#cmdoption-hg-arg-commit']/code/span",
+         'hg'),
+        (".//a[@class='reference internal'][@href='#cmdoption-hg-arg-commit']/code/span",
+         'commit'),
+        (".//a[@class='reference internal'][@href='#cmdoption-git-commit-p']/code/span",
+         'git'),
+        (".//a[@class='reference internal'][@href='#cmdoption-git-commit-p']/code/span",
+         'commit'),
+        (".//a[@class='reference internal'][@href='#cmdoption-git-commit-p']/code/span",
+         '-p'),
+    ],
+    'index.html': [
+        (".//meta[@name='hc'][@content='hcval']", ''),
+        (".//meta[@name='hc_co'][@content='hcval_co']", ''),
+        (".//li[@class='toctree-l1']/a", 'Testing various markup'),
+        (".//li[@class='toctree-l2']/a", 'Inline markup'),
+        (".//title", 'Sphinx <Tests>'),
+        (".//div[@class='footer']", 'copyright text credits'),
+        (".//a[@href='http://python.org/']"
+         "[@class='reference external']", ''),
+        (".//li/p/a[@href='genindex.html']/span", 'Index'),
+        (".//li/p/a[@href='py-modindex.html']/span", 'Module Index'),
+        # custom sidebar only for contents
+        (".//h4", 'Contents sidebar'),
+        # custom JavaScript
+        (".//script[@src='file://moo.js']", ''),
+        # URL in contents
+        (".//a[@class='reference external'][@href='http://sphinx-doc.org/']",
+         'http://sphinx-doc.org/'),
+        (".//a[@class='reference external'][@href='http://sphinx-doc.org/latest/']",
+         'Latest reference'),
+        # Indirect hyperlink targets across files
+        (".//a[@href='markup.html#some-label'][@class='reference internal']/span",
+         '^indirect hyperref$'),
+    ],
+    'bom.html': [
+        (".//title", " File with UTF-8 BOM"),
+    ],
+    'extensions.html': [
+        (".//a[@href='http://python.org/dev/']", "http://python.org/dev/"),
+        (".//a[@href='http://bugs.python.org/issue1000']", "issue 1000"),
+        (".//a[@href='http://bugs.python.org/issue1042']", "explicit caption"),
+    ],
+    'genindex.html': [
+        # index entries
+        (".//a/strong", "Main"),
+        (".//a/strong", "[1]"),
+        (".//a/strong", "Other"),
+        (".//a", "entry"),
+        (".//li/a", "double"),
+    ],
+    'otherext.html': [
+        (".//h1", "Generated section"),
+        (".//a[@href='_sources/otherext.foo.txt']", ''),
+    ],
+}))
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', tags=['testtag'],
+                    confoverrides={'html_context.hckey_co': 'hcval_co'})
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_build_html_output')
+def test_html5_output(app, cached_etree_parse, fname, expect):
+    app.build()
+    print(app.outdir / fname)
+    check_xpath(cached_etree_parse(app.outdir / fname), fname, *expect)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(("fname", "expect"), flat_dict({
+    'index.html': [
+        (".//div[@class='citation']/span", r'Ref1'),
+        (".//div[@class='citation']/span", r'Ref_1'),
+    ],
+    'footnote.html': [
+        (".//a[@class='footnote-reference brackets'][@href='#id9'][@id='id1']", r"1"),
+        (".//a[@class='footnote-reference brackets'][@href='#id10'][@id='id2']", r"2"),
+        (".//a[@class='footnote-reference brackets'][@href='#foo'][@id='id3']", r"3"),
+        (".//a[@class='reference internal'][@href='#bar'][@id='id4']/span", r"\[bar\]"),
+        (".//a[@class='reference internal'][@href='#baz-qux'][@id='id5']/span", r"\[baz_qux\]"),
+        (".//a[@class='footnote-reference brackets'][@href='#id11'][@id='id6']", r"4"),
+        (".//a[@class='footnote-reference brackets'][@href='#id12'][@id='id7']", r"5"),
+        (".//aside[@class='footnote brackets']/span/a[@href='#id1']", r"1"),
+        (".//aside[@class='footnote brackets']/span/a[@href='#id2']", r"2"),
+        (".//aside[@class='footnote brackets']/span/a[@href='#id3']", r"3"),
+        (".//div[@class='citation']/span/a[@href='#id4']", r"bar"),
+        (".//div[@class='citation']/span/a[@href='#id5']", r"baz_qux"),
+        (".//aside[@class='footnote brackets']/span/a[@href='#id6']", r"4"),
+        (".//aside[@class='footnote brackets']/span/a[@href='#id7']", r"5"),
+        (".//aside[@class='footnote brackets']/span/a[@href='#id8']", r"6"),
+    ],
+}))
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_build_html_output_docutils18')
+def test_docutils_output(app, cached_etree_parse, fname, expect):
+    app.build()
+    print(app.outdir / fname)
+    check_xpath(cached_etree_parse(app.outdir / fname), fname, *expect)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', parallel=2)
+def test_html_parallel(app):
+    app.build()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_build_html_output')
+def test_html_download(app):
+    app.build()
+
+    # subdir/includes.html
+    result = (app.outdir / 'subdir' / 'includes.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    pattern = ('<a class="reference download internal" download="" '
+               'href="../(_downloads/.*/img.png)">')
+    matched = re.search(pattern, result)
+    assert matched
+    assert (app.outdir / matched.group(1)).exists()
+    filename = matched.group(1)
+
+    # includes.html
+    result = (app.outdir / 'includes.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    pattern = ('<a class="reference download internal" download="" '
+               'href="(_downloads/.*/img.png)">')
+    matched = re.search(pattern, result)
+    assert matched
+    assert (app.outdir / matched.group(1)).exists()
+    assert matched.group(1) == filename
+
+    pattern = ('<a class="reference download internal" download="" '
+               'href="(_downloads/.*/)(file_with_special_%23_chars.xyz)">')
+    matched = re.search(pattern, result)
+    assert matched
+    assert (app.outdir / matched.group(1) / "file_with_special_#_chars.xyz").exists()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='roles-download')
+def test_html_download_role(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    digest = hashlib.md5(b'dummy.dat', usedforsecurity=False).hexdigest()
+    assert (app.outdir / '_downloads' / digest / 'dummy.dat').exists()
+    digest_another = hashlib.md5(b'another/dummy.dat', usedforsecurity=False).hexdigest()
+    assert (app.outdir / '_downloads' / digest_another / 'dummy.dat').exists()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert (('<li><p><a class="reference download internal" download="" '
+             'href="_downloads/%s/dummy.dat">'
+             '<code class="xref download docutils literal notranslate">'
+             '<span class="pre">dummy.dat</span></code></a></p></li>' % digest)
+            in content)
+    assert (('<li><p><a class="reference download internal" download="" '
+             'href="_downloads/%s/dummy.dat">'
+             '<code class="xref download docutils literal notranslate">'
+             '<span class="pre">another/dummy.dat</span></code></a></p></li>' %
+             digest_another) in content)
+    assert ('<li><p><code class="xref download docutils literal notranslate">'
+            '<span class="pre">not_found.dat</span></code></p></li>' in content)
+    assert ('<li><p><a class="reference download external" download="" '
+            'href="http://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/_static/sphinxheader.png">'
+            '<code class="xref download docutils literal notranslate">'
+            '<span class="pre">Sphinx</span> <span class="pre">logo</span>'
+            '</code></a></p></li>' in content)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='build-html-translator')
+def test_html_translator(app):
+    app.build()
+    assert app.builder.docwriter.visitor.depart_with_node == 10
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(("fname", "expect"), flat_dict({
+    'index.html': [
+        (".//li[@class='toctree-l3']/a", '1.1.1. Foo A1', True),
+        (".//li[@class='toctree-l3']/a", '1.2.1. Foo B1', True),
+        (".//li[@class='toctree-l3']/a", '2.1.1. Bar A1', False),
+        (".//li[@class='toctree-l3']/a", '2.2.1. Bar B1', False),
+    ],
+    'foo.html': [
+        (".//h1", 'Foo', True),
+        (".//h2", 'Foo A', True),
+        (".//h3", 'Foo A1', True),
+        (".//h2", 'Foo B', True),
+        (".//h3", 'Foo B1', True),
+
+        (".//h1//span[@class='section-number']", '1. ', True),
+        (".//h2//span[@class='section-number']", '1.1. ', True),
+        (".//h3//span[@class='section-number']", '1.1.1. ', True),
+        (".//h2//span[@class='section-number']", '1.2. ', True),
+        (".//h3//span[@class='section-number']", '1.2.1. ', True),
+
+        (".//div[@class='sphinxsidebarwrapper']//li/a", '1.1. Foo A', True),
+        (".//div[@class='sphinxsidebarwrapper']//li/a", '1.1.1. Foo A1', True),
+        (".//div[@class='sphinxsidebarwrapper']//li/a", '1.2. Foo B', True),
+        (".//div[@class='sphinxsidebarwrapper']//li/a", '1.2.1. Foo B1', True),
+    ],
+    'bar.html': [
+        (".//h1", 'Bar', True),
+        (".//h2", 'Bar A', True),
+        (".//h2", 'Bar B', True),
+        (".//h3", 'Bar B1', True),
+        (".//h1//span[@class='section-number']", '2. ', True),
+        (".//h2//span[@class='section-number']", '2.1. ', True),
+        (".//h2//span[@class='section-number']", '2.2. ', True),
+        (".//h3//span[@class='section-number']", '2.2.1. ', True),
+        (".//div[@class='sphinxsidebarwrapper']//li/a", '2. Bar', True),
+        (".//div[@class='sphinxsidebarwrapper']//li/a", '2.1. Bar A', True),
+        (".//div[@class='sphinxsidebarwrapper']//li/a", '2.2. Bar B', True),
+        (".//div[@class='sphinxsidebarwrapper']//li/a", '2.2.1. Bar B1', False),
+    ],
+    'baz.html': [
+        (".//h1", 'Baz A', True),
+        (".//h1//span[@class='section-number']", '2.1.1. ', True),
+    ],
+}))
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='tocdepth')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_build_html_tocdepth')
+def test_tocdepth(app, cached_etree_parse, fname, expect):
+    app.build()
+    # issue #1251
+    check_xpath(cached_etree_parse(app.outdir / fname), fname, *expect)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(("fname", "expect"), flat_dict({
+    'index.html': [
+        (".//li[@class='toctree-l3']/a", '1.1.1. Foo A1', True),
+        (".//li[@class='toctree-l3']/a", '1.2.1. Foo B1', True),
+        (".//li[@class='toctree-l3']/a", '2.1.1. Bar A1', False),
+        (".//li[@class='toctree-l3']/a", '2.2.1. Bar B1', False),
+
+        # index.rst
+        (".//h1", 'test-tocdepth', True),
+
+        # foo.rst
+        (".//h2", 'Foo', True),
+        (".//h3", 'Foo A', True),
+        (".//h4", 'Foo A1', True),
+        (".//h3", 'Foo B', True),
+        (".//h4", 'Foo B1', True),
+        (".//h2//span[@class='section-number']", '1. ', True),
+        (".//h3//span[@class='section-number']", '1.1. ', True),
+        (".//h4//span[@class='section-number']", '1.1.1. ', True),
+        (".//h3//span[@class='section-number']", '1.2. ', True),
+        (".//h4//span[@class='section-number']", '1.2.1. ', True),
+
+        # bar.rst
+        (".//h2", 'Bar', True),
+        (".//h3", 'Bar A', True),
+        (".//h3", 'Bar B', True),
+        (".//h4", 'Bar B1', True),
+        (".//h2//span[@class='section-number']", '2. ', True),
+        (".//h3//span[@class='section-number']", '2.1. ', True),
+        (".//h3//span[@class='section-number']", '2.2. ', True),
+        (".//h4//span[@class='section-number']", '2.2.1. ', True),
+
+        # baz.rst
+        (".//h4", 'Baz A', True),
+        (".//h4//span[@class='section-number']", '2.1.1. ', True),
+    ],
+}))
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('singlehtml', testroot='tocdepth')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_build_html_tocdepth')
+def test_tocdepth_singlehtml(app, cached_etree_parse, fname, expect):
+    app.build()
+    check_xpath(cached_etree_parse(app.outdir / fname), fname, *expect)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='numfig')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_build_html_numfig')
+def test_numfig_disabled_warn(app, warning):
+    app.build()
+    warnings = warning.getvalue()
+    assert 'index.rst:47: WARNING: numfig is disabled. :numref: is ignored.' in warnings
+    assert 'index.rst:56: WARNING: invalid numfig_format: invalid' not in warnings
+    assert 'index.rst:57: WARNING: invalid numfig_format: Fig %s %s' not in warnings
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(("fname", "expect"), flat_dict({
+    'index.html': [
+        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", None, True),
+        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']", None, True),
+        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+         "span[@class='caption-number']", None, True),
+        (".//li/p/code/span", '^fig1$', True),
+        (".//li/p/code/span", '^Figure%s$', True),
+        (".//li/p/code/span", '^table-1$', True),
+        (".//li/p/code/span", '^Table:%s$', True),
+        (".//li/p/code/span", '^CODE_1$', True),
+        (".//li/p/code/span", '^Code-%s$', True),
+        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Section 1$', True),
+        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Section 2.1$', True),
+        (".//li/p/code/span", '^Fig.{number}$', True),
+        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Sect.1 Foo$', True),
+    ],
+    'foo.html': [
+        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", None, True),
+        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']", None, True),
+        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+         "span[@class='caption-number']", None, True),
+    ],
+    'bar.html': [
+        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", None, True),
+        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']", None, True),
+        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+         "span[@class='caption-number']", None, True),
+    ],
+    'baz.html': [
+        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", None, True),
+        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']", None, True),
+        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+         "span[@class='caption-number']", None, True),
+    ],
+}))
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='numfig')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_build_html_numfig')
+def test_numfig_disabled(app, cached_etree_parse, fname, expect):
+    app.build()
+    check_xpath(cached_etree_parse(app.outdir / fname), fname, *expect)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'html', testroot='numfig',
+    srcdir='test_numfig_without_numbered_toctree_warn',
+    confoverrides={'numfig': True})
+def test_numfig_without_numbered_toctree_warn(app, warning):
+    app.build()
+    # remove :numbered: option
+    index = (app.srcdir / 'index.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    index = re.sub(':numbered:.*', '', index)
+    (app.srcdir / 'index.rst').write_text(index, encoding='utf8')
+    app.build()
+
+    warnings = warning.getvalue()
+    assert 'index.rst:47: WARNING: numfig is disabled. :numref: is ignored.' not in warnings
+    assert 'index.rst:55: WARNING: Failed to create a cross reference. Any number is not assigned: index' in warnings
+    assert 'index.rst:56: WARNING: invalid numfig_format: invalid' in warnings
+    assert 'index.rst:57: WARNING: invalid numfig_format: Fig %s %s' in warnings
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(("fname", "expect"), flat_dict({
+    'index.html': [
+        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 9 $', True),
+        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 10 $', True),
+        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+         '^Table 9 $', True),
+        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+         '^Table 10 $', True),
+        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 9 $', True),
+        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 10 $', True),
+        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Fig. 9$', True),
+        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Figure6$', True),
+        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Table 9$', True),
+        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Table:6$', True),
+        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Listing 9$', True),
+        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Code-6$', True),
+        (".//li/p/code/span", '^foo$', True),
+        (".//li/p/code/span", '^bar_a$', True),
+        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Fig.9 should be Fig.1$', True),
+        (".//li/p/code/span", '^Sect.{number}$', True),
+    ],
+    'foo.html': [
+        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 1 $', True),
+        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 2 $', True),
+        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 3 $', True),
+        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 4 $', True),
+        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+         '^Table 1 $', True),
+        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+         '^Table 2 $', True),
+        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+         '^Table 3 $', True),
+        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+         '^Table 4 $', True),
+        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 1 $', True),
+        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 2 $', True),
+        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 3 $', True),
+        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 4 $', True),
+    ],
+    'bar.html': [
+        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 5 $', True),
+        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 7 $', True),
+        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 8 $', True),
+        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+         '^Table 5 $', True),
+        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+         '^Table 7 $', True),
+        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+         '^Table 8 $', True),
+        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 5 $', True),
+        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 7 $', True),
+        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 8 $', True),
+    ],
+    'baz.html': [
+        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 6 $', True),
+        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+         '^Table 6 $', True),
+        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 6 $', True),
+    ],
+}))
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'html', testroot='numfig',
+    srcdir='test_numfig_without_numbered_toctree',
+    confoverrides={'numfig': True})
+def test_numfig_without_numbered_toctree(app, cached_etree_parse, fname, expect):
+    # remove :numbered: option
+    index = (app.srcdir / 'index.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    index = re.sub(':numbered:.*', '', index)
+    (app.srcdir / 'index.rst').write_text(index, encoding='utf8')
+
+    if not os.listdir(app.outdir):
+        app.build()
+    check_xpath(cached_etree_parse(app.outdir / fname), fname, *expect)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='numfig', confoverrides={'numfig': True})
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_build_html_numfig_on')
+def test_numfig_with_numbered_toctree_warn(app, warning):
+    app.build()
+    warnings = warning.getvalue()
+    assert 'index.rst:47: WARNING: numfig is disabled. :numref: is ignored.' not in warnings
+    assert 'index.rst:55: WARNING: Failed to create a cross reference. Any number is not assigned: index' in warnings
+    assert 'index.rst:56: WARNING: invalid numfig_format: invalid' in warnings
+    assert 'index.rst:57: WARNING: invalid numfig_format: Fig %s %s' in warnings
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(("fname", "expect"), flat_dict({
+    'index.html': [
+        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 1 $', True),
+        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 2 $', True),
+        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+         '^Table 1 $', True),
+        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+         '^Table 2 $', True),
+        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 1 $', True),
+        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 2 $', True),
+        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Fig. 1$', True),
+        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Figure2.2$', True),
+        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Table 1$', True),
+        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Table:2.2$', True),
+        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Listing 1$', True),
+        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Code-2.2$', True),
+        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Section.1$', True),
+        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Section.2.1$', True),
+        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Fig.1 should be Fig.1$', True),
+        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Sect.1 Foo$', True),
+    ],
+    'foo.html': [
+        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 1.1 $', True),
+        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 1.2 $', True),
+        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 1.3 $', True),
+        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 1.4 $', True),
+        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+         '^Table 1.1 $', True),
+        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+         '^Table 1.2 $', True),
+        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+         '^Table 1.3 $', True),
+        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+         '^Table 1.4 $', True),
+        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 1.1 $', True),
+        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 1.2 $', True),
+        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 1.3 $', True),
+        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 1.4 $', True),
+    ],
+    'bar.html': [
+        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 2.1 $', True),
+        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 2.3 $', True),
+        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 2.4 $', True),
+        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+         '^Table 2.1 $', True),
+        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+         '^Table 2.3 $', True),
+        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+         '^Table 2.4 $', True),
+        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 2.1 $', True),
+        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 2.3 $', True),
+        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 2.4 $', True),
+    ],
+    'baz.html': [
+        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 2.2 $', True),
+        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+         '^Table 2.2 $', True),
+        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 2.2 $', True),
+    ],
+}))
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='numfig', confoverrides={'numfig': True})
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_build_html_numfig_on')
+def test_numfig_with_numbered_toctree(app, cached_etree_parse, fname, expect):
+    app.build()
+    check_xpath(cached_etree_parse(app.outdir / fname), fname, *expect)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='numfig', confoverrides={
+    'numfig': True,
+    'numfig_format': {'figure': 'Figure:%s',
+                      'table': 'Tab_%s',
+                      'code-block': 'Code-%s',
+                      'section': 'SECTION-%s'}})
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_build_html_numfig_format_warn')
+def test_numfig_with_prefix_warn(app, warning):
+    app.build()
+    warnings = warning.getvalue()
+    assert 'index.rst:47: WARNING: numfig is disabled. :numref: is ignored.' not in warnings
+    assert 'index.rst:55: WARNING: Failed to create a cross reference. Any number is not assigned: index' in warnings
+    assert 'index.rst:56: WARNING: invalid numfig_format: invalid' in warnings
+    assert 'index.rst:57: WARNING: invalid numfig_format: Fig %s %s' in warnings
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(("fname", "expect"), flat_dict({
+    'index.html': [
+        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Figure:1 $', True),
+        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Figure:2 $', True),
+        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+         '^Tab_1 $', True),
+        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+         '^Tab_2 $', True),
+        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Code-1 $', True),
+        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Code-2 $', True),
+        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Figure:1$', True),
+        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Figure2.2$', True),
+        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Tab_1$', True),
+        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Table:2.2$', True),
+        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Code-1$', True),
+        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Code-2.2$', True),
+        (".//li/p/a/span", '^SECTION-1$', True),
+        (".//li/p/a/span", '^SECTION-2.1$', True),
+        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Fig.1 should be Fig.1$', True),
+        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Sect.1 Foo$', True),
+    ],
+    'foo.html': [
+        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Figure:1.1 $', True),
+        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Figure:1.2 $', True),
+        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Figure:1.3 $', True),
+        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Figure:1.4 $', True),
+        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+         '^Tab_1.1 $', True),
+        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+         '^Tab_1.2 $', True),
+        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+         '^Tab_1.3 $', True),
+        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+         '^Tab_1.4 $', True),
+        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Code-1.1 $', True),
+        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Code-1.2 $', True),
+        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Code-1.3 $', True),
+        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Code-1.4 $', True),
+    ],
+    'bar.html': [
+        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Figure:2.1 $', True),
+        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Figure:2.3 $', True),
+        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Figure:2.4 $', True),
+        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+         '^Tab_2.1 $', True),
+        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+         '^Tab_2.3 $', True),
+        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+         '^Tab_2.4 $', True),
+        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Code-2.1 $', True),
+        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Code-2.3 $', True),
+        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Code-2.4 $', True),
+    ],
+    'baz.html': [
+        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Figure:2.2 $', True),
+        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+         '^Tab_2.2 $', True),
+        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Code-2.2 $', True),
+    ],
+}))
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='numfig',
+                    confoverrides={'numfig': True,
+                                   'numfig_format': {'figure': 'Figure:%s',
+                                                     'table': 'Tab_%s',
+                                                     'code-block': 'Code-%s',
+                                                     'section': 'SECTION-%s'}})
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_build_html_numfig_format_warn')
+def test_numfig_with_prefix(app, cached_etree_parse, fname, expect):
+    app.build()
+    check_xpath(cached_etree_parse(app.outdir / fname), fname, *expect)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='numfig',
+                    confoverrides={'numfig': True, 'numfig_secnum_depth': 2})
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_build_html_numfig_depth_2')
+def test_numfig_with_secnum_depth_warn(app, warning):
+    app.build()
+    warnings = warning.getvalue()
+    assert 'index.rst:47: WARNING: numfig is disabled. :numref: is ignored.' not in warnings
+    assert 'index.rst:55: WARNING: Failed to create a cross reference. Any number is not assigned: index' in warnings
+    assert 'index.rst:56: WARNING: invalid numfig_format: invalid' in warnings
+    assert 'index.rst:57: WARNING: invalid numfig_format: Fig %s %s' in warnings
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(("fname", "expect"), flat_dict({
+    'index.html': [
+        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 1 $', True),
+        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 2 $', True),
+        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+         '^Table 1 $', True),
+        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+         '^Table 2 $', True),
+        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 1 $', True),
+        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 2 $', True),
+        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Fig. 1$', True),
+        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Figure2.1.2$', True),
+        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Table 1$', True),
+        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Table:2.1.2$', True),
+        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Listing 1$', True),
+        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Code-2.1.2$', True),
+        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Section.1$', True),
+        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Section.2.1$', True),
+        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Fig.1 should be Fig.1$', True),
+        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Sect.1 Foo$', True),
+    ],
+    'foo.html': [
+        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 1.1 $', True),
+        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 1.1.1 $', True),
+        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 1.1.2 $', True),
+        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 1.2.1 $', True),
+        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+         '^Table 1.1 $', True),
+        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+         '^Table 1.1.1 $', True),
+        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+         '^Table 1.1.2 $', True),
+        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+         '^Table 1.2.1 $', True),
+        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 1.1 $', True),
+        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 1.1.1 $', True),
+        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 1.1.2 $', True),
+        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 1.2.1 $', True),
+    ],
+    'bar.html': [
+        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 2.1.1 $', True),
+        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 2.1.3 $', True),
+        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 2.2.1 $', True),
+        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+         '^Table 2.1.1 $', True),
+        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+         '^Table 2.1.3 $', True),
+        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+         '^Table 2.2.1 $', True),
+        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 2.1.1 $', True),
+        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 2.1.3 $', True),
+        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 2.2.1 $', True),
+    ],
+    'baz.html': [
+        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 2.1.2 $', True),
+        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+         '^Table 2.1.2 $', True),
+        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 2.1.2 $', True),
+    ],
+}))
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='numfig',
+                    confoverrides={'numfig': True,
+                                   'numfig_secnum_depth': 2})
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_build_html_numfig_depth_2')
+def test_numfig_with_secnum_depth(app, cached_etree_parse, fname, expect):
+    app.build()
+    check_xpath(cached_etree_parse(app.outdir / fname), fname, *expect)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(("fname", "expect"), flat_dict({
+    'index.html': [
+        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 1 $', True),
+        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 2 $', True),
+        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+         '^Table 1 $', True),
+        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+         '^Table 2 $', True),
+        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 1 $', True),
+        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 2 $', True),
+        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Fig. 1$', True),
+        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Figure2.2$', True),
+        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Table 1$', True),
+        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Table:2.2$', True),
+        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Listing 1$', True),
+        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Code-2.2$', True),
+        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Section.1$', True),
+        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Section.2.1$', True),
+        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Fig.1 should be Fig.1$', True),
+        (".//li/p/a/span", '^Sect.1 Foo$', True),
+        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 1.1 $', True),
+        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 1.2 $', True),
+        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 1.3 $', True),
+        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 1.4 $', True),
+        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+         '^Table 1.1 $', True),
+        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+         '^Table 1.2 $', True),
+        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+         '^Table 1.3 $', True),
+        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+         '^Table 1.4 $', True),
+        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 1.1 $', True),
+        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 1.2 $', True),
+        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 1.3 $', True),
+        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 1.4 $', True),
+        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 2.1 $', True),
+        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 2.3 $', True),
+        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 2.4 $', True),
+        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+         '^Table 2.1 $', True),
+        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+         '^Table 2.3 $', True),
+        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+         '^Table 2.4 $', True),
+        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 2.1 $', True),
+        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 2.3 $', True),
+        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 2.4 $', True),
+        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "/span[@class='caption-number']", '^Fig. 2.2 $', True),
+        (".//table/caption/span[@class='caption-number']",
+         '^Table 2.2 $', True),
+        (".//div[@class='code-block-caption']/"
+         "span[@class='caption-number']", '^Listing 2.2 $', True),
+    ],
+}))
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('singlehtml', testroot='numfig', confoverrides={'numfig': True})
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_build_html_numfig_on')
+def test_numfig_with_singlehtml(app, cached_etree_parse, fname, expect):
+    app.build()
+    check_xpath(cached_etree_parse(app.outdir / fname), fname, *expect)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(("fname", "expect"), flat_dict({
+    'index.html': [
+        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "//span[@class='caption-number']", "Fig. 1", True),
+        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "//span[@class='caption-number']", "Fig. 2", True),
+        (FIGURE_CAPTION + "//span[@class='caption-number']", "Fig. 3", True),
+        (".//div//span[@class='caption-number']", "No.1 ", True),
+        (".//div//span[@class='caption-number']", "No.2 ", True),
+        (".//li/p/a/span", 'Fig. 1', True),
+        (".//li/p/a/span", 'Fig. 2', True),
+        (".//li/p/a/span", 'Fig. 3', True),
+        (".//li/p/a/span", 'No.1', True),
+        (".//li/p/a/span", 'No.2', True),
+    ],
+}))
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='add_enumerable_node',
+                    srcdir='test_enumerable_node')
+def test_enumerable_node(app, cached_etree_parse, fname, expect):
+    app.build()
+    check_xpath(cached_etree_parse(app.outdir / fname), fname, *expect)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='html_assets')
+def test_html_assets(app):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    # exclude_path and its family
+    assert not (app.outdir / 'static' / 'index.html').exists()
+    assert not (app.outdir / 'extra' / 'index.html').exists()
+
+    # html_static_path
+    assert not (app.outdir / '_static' / '.htaccess').exists()
+    assert not (app.outdir / '_static' / '.htpasswd').exists()
+    assert (app.outdir / '_static' / 'API.html').exists()
+    assert (app.outdir / '_static' / 'API.html').read_text(encoding='utf8') == 'Sphinx-1.4.4'
+    assert (app.outdir / '_static' / 'css' / 'style.css').exists()
+    assert (app.outdir / '_static' / 'js' / 'custom.js').exists()
+    assert (app.outdir / '_static' / 'rimg.png').exists()
+    assert not (app.outdir / '_static' / '_build' / 'index.html').exists()
+    assert (app.outdir / '_static' / 'background.png').exists()
+    assert not (app.outdir / '_static' / 'subdir' / '.htaccess').exists()
+    assert not (app.outdir / '_static' / 'subdir' / '.htpasswd').exists()
+
+    # html_extra_path
+    assert (app.outdir / '.htaccess').exists()
+    assert not (app.outdir / '.htpasswd').exists()
+    assert (app.outdir / 'API.html_t').exists()
+    assert (app.outdir / 'css/style.css').exists()
+    assert (app.outdir / 'rimg.png').exists()
+    assert not (app.outdir / '_build' / 'index.html').exists()
+    assert (app.outdir / 'background.png').exists()
+    assert (app.outdir / 'subdir' / '.htaccess').exists()
+    assert not (app.outdir / 'subdir' / '.htpasswd').exists()
+
+    # html_css_files
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/css/style.css" />' in content
+    assert ('<link media="print" rel="stylesheet" title="title" type="text/css" '
+            'href="https://example.com/custom.css" />' in content)
+
+    # html_js_files
+    assert '<script src="_static/js/custom.js"></script>' in content
+    assert ('<script async="async" src="https://example.com/script.js">'
+            '</script>' in content)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='html_assets')
+def test_assets_order(app, monkeypatch):
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sphinx.builders.html, '_file_checksum', lambda o, f: '')
+
+    app.add_css_file('normal.css')
+    app.add_css_file('early.css', priority=100)
+    app.add_css_file('late.css', priority=750)
+    app.add_css_file('lazy.css', priority=900)
+    app.add_js_file('normal.js')
+    app.add_js_file('early.js', priority=100)
+    app.add_js_file('late.js', priority=750)
+    app.add_js_file('lazy.js', priority=900)
+
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    # css_files
+    expected = [
+        '_static/early.css',
+        '_static/pygments.css',
+        '_static/alabaster.css',
+        'https://example.com/custom.css',
+        '_static/normal.css',
+        '_static/late.css',
+        '_static/css/style.css',
+        '_static/lazy.css',
+    ]
+    pattern = '.*'.join(f'href="{re.escape(f)}"' for f in expected)
+    assert re.search(pattern, content, re.DOTALL), content
+
+    # js_files
+    expected = [
+        '_static/early.js',
+        '_static/doctools.js',
+        '_static/sphinx_highlight.js',
+        'https://example.com/script.js',
+        '_static/normal.js',
+        '_static/late.js',
+        '_static/js/custom.js',
+        '_static/lazy.js',
+    ]
+    pattern = '.*'.join(f'src="{re.escape(f)}"' for f in expected)
+    assert re.search(pattern, content, re.DOTALL), content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='html_file_checksum')
+def test_file_checksum(app):
+    app.add_css_file('stylesheet-a.css')
+    app.add_css_file('stylesheet-b.css')
+    app.add_css_file('https://example.com/custom.css')
+    app.add_js_file('script.js')
+    app.add_js_file('empty.js')
+    app.add_js_file('https://example.com/script.js')
+
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    # checksum for local files
+    assert '<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/stylesheet-a.css?v=e575b6df" />' in content
+    assert '<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/stylesheet-b.css?v=a2d5cc0f" />' in content
+    assert '<script src="_static/script.js?v=48278d48"></script>' in content
+
+    # empty files have no checksum
+    assert '<script src="_static/empty.js"></script>' in content
+
+    # no checksum for hyperlinks
+    assert '<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://example.com/custom.css" />' in content
+    assert '<script src="https://example.com/script.js"></script>' in content
+
+
+def test_file_checksum_query_string():
+    with pytest.raises(ThemeError, match='Local asset file paths must not contain query strings'):
+        _file_checksum(Path(), 'with_query_string.css?dead_parrots=1')
+
+    with pytest.raises(ThemeError, match='Local asset file paths must not contain query strings'):
+        _file_checksum(Path(), 'with_query_string.js?dead_parrots=1')
+
+    with pytest.raises(ThemeError, match='Local asset file paths must not contain query strings'):
+        _file_checksum(Path.cwd(), '_static/with_query_string.css?dead_parrots=1')
+
+    with pytest.raises(ThemeError, match='Local asset file paths must not contain query strings'):
+        _file_checksum(Path.cwd(), '_static/with_query_string.js?dead_parrots=1')
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='html_assets')
+def test_javscript_loading_method(app):
+    app.add_js_file('normal.js')
+    app.add_js_file('early.js', loading_method='async')
+    app.add_js_file('late.js', loading_method='defer')
+
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    assert '<script src="_static/normal.js"></script>' in content
+    assert '<script async="async" src="_static/early.js"></script>' in content
+    assert '<script defer="defer" src="_static/late.js"></script>' in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic', confoverrides={'html_copy_source': False})
+def test_html_copy_source(app):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    assert not (app.outdir / '_sources' / 'index.rst.txt').exists()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic', confoverrides={'html_sourcelink_suffix': '.txt'})
+def test_html_sourcelink_suffix(app):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    assert (app.outdir / '_sources' / 'index.rst.txt').exists()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic', confoverrides={'html_sourcelink_suffix': '.rst'})
+def test_html_sourcelink_suffix_same(app):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    assert (app.outdir / '_sources' / 'index.rst').exists()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic', confoverrides={'html_sourcelink_suffix': ''})
+def test_html_sourcelink_suffix_empty(app):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    assert (app.outdir / '_sources' / 'index.rst').exists()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='html_entity')
+def test_html_entity(app):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    valid_entities = {'amp', 'lt', 'gt', 'quot', 'apos'}
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    for entity in re.findall(r'&([a-z]+);', content, re.M):
+        assert entity not in valid_entities
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic')
+def test_html_inventory(app):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    with app.outdir.joinpath('objects.inv').open('rb') as f:
+        invdata = InventoryFile.load(f, 'https://www.google.com', posixpath.join)
+
+    assert set(invdata.keys()) == {'std:label', 'std:doc'}
+    assert set(invdata['std:label'].keys()) == {'modindex',
+                                                'py-modindex',
+                                                'genindex',
+                                                'search'}
+    assert invdata['std:label']['modindex'] == ('Python',
+                                                '',
+                                                'https://www.google.com/py-modindex.html',
+                                                'Module Index')
+    assert invdata['std:label']['py-modindex'] == ('Python',
+                                                   '',
+                                                   'https://www.google.com/py-modindex.html',
+                                                   'Python Module Index')
+    assert invdata['std:label']['genindex'] == ('Python',
+                                                '',
+                                                'https://www.google.com/genindex.html',
+                                                'Index')
+    assert invdata['std:label']['search'] == ('Python',
+                                              '',
+                                              'https://www.google.com/search.html',
+                                              'Search Page')
+    assert set(invdata['std:doc'].keys()) == {'index'}
+    assert invdata['std:doc']['index'] == ('Python',
+                                           '',
+                                           'https://www.google.com/index.html',
+                                           'The basic Sphinx documentation for testing')
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='images', confoverrides={'html_sourcelink_suffix': ''})
+def test_html_anchor_for_figure(app):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('<figcaption>\n<p><span class="caption-text">The caption of pic</span>'
+            '<a class="headerlink" href="#id1" title="Link to this image">¶</a></p>\n</figcaption>'
+            in content)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='directives-raw')
+def test_html_raw_directive(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    # standard case
+    assert 'standalone raw directive (HTML)' in result
+    assert 'standalone raw directive (LaTeX)' not in result
+
+    # with substitution
+    assert '<p>HTML: abc def ghi</p>' in result
+    assert '<p>LaTeX: abc  ghi</p>' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(("fname", "expect"), flat_dict({
+    'index.html': [
+        (".//link[@href='_static/persistent.css']"
+         "[@rel='stylesheet']", '', True),
+        (".//link[@href='_static/default.css']"
+         "[@rel='stylesheet']"
+         "[@title='Default']", '', True),
+        (".//link[@href='_static/alternate1.css']"
+         "[@rel='alternate stylesheet']"
+         "[@title='Alternate']", '', True),
+        (".//link[@href='_static/alternate2.css']"
+         "[@rel='alternate stylesheet']", '', True),
+        (".//link[@href='_static/more_persistent.css']"
+         "[@rel='stylesheet']", '', True),
+        (".//link[@href='_static/more_default.css']"
+         "[@rel='stylesheet']"
+         "[@title='Default']", '', True),
+        (".//link[@href='_static/more_alternate1.css']"
+         "[@rel='alternate stylesheet']"
+         "[@title='Alternate']", '', True),
+        (".//link[@href='_static/more_alternate2.css']"
+         "[@rel='alternate stylesheet']", '', True),
+    ],
+}))
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='stylesheets')
+def test_alternate_stylesheets(app, cached_etree_parse, fname, expect):
+    app.build()
+    check_xpath(cached_etree_parse(app.outdir / fname), fname, *expect)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='html_style')
+def test_html_style(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/default.css" />' in result
+    assert ('<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/alabaster.css" />'
+            not in result)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='images')
+def test_html_remote_images(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('<img alt="https://www.python.org/static/img/python-logo.png" '
+            'src="https://www.python.org/static/img/python-logo.png" />' in result)
+    assert not (app.outdir / 'python-logo.png').exists()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='image-escape')
+def test_html_encoded_image(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('<img alt="_images/img_%231.png" src="_images/img_%231.png" />' in result)
+    assert (app.outdir / '_images/img_#1.png').exists()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='remote-logo')
+def test_html_remote_logo(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('<img class="logo" src="https://www.python.org/static/img/python-logo.png" alt="Logo"/>' in result)
+    assert ('<link rel="icon" href="https://www.python.org/static/favicon.ico"/>' in result)
+    assert not (app.outdir / 'python-logo.png').exists()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='local-logo')
+def test_html_local_logo(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('<img class="logo" src="_static/img.png" alt="Logo"/>' in result)
+    assert (app.outdir / '_static/img.png').exists()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic')
+def test_html_sidebar(app, status, warning):
+    ctx = {}
+
+    # default for alabaster
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('<div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" '
+            'aria-label="main navigation">' in result)
+    assert '<h1 class="logo"><a href="#">Python</a></h1>' in result
+    assert '<h3>Navigation</h3>' in result
+    assert '<h3>Related Topics</h3>' in result
+    assert '<h3 id="searchlabel">Quick search</h3>' in result
+
+    app.builder.add_sidebars('index', ctx)
+    assert ctx['sidebars'] == ['about.html', 'navigation.html', 'relations.html',
+                               'searchbox.html', 'donate.html']
+
+    # only relations.html
+    app.config.html_sidebars = {'**': ['relations.html']}
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('<div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" '
+            'aria-label="main navigation">' in result)
+    assert '<h1 class="logo"><a href="#">Python</a></h1>' not in result
+    assert '<h3>Navigation</h3>' not in result
+    assert '<h3>Related Topics</h3>' in result
+    assert '<h3 id="searchlabel">Quick search</h3>' not in result
+
+    app.builder.add_sidebars('index', ctx)
+    assert ctx['sidebars'] == ['relations.html']
+
+    # no sidebars
+    app.config.html_sidebars = {'**': []}
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('<div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" '
+            'aria-label="main navigation">' not in result)
+    assert '<h1 class="logo"><a href="#">Python</a></h1>' not in result
+    assert '<h3>Navigation</h3>' not in result
+    assert '<h3>Related Topics</h3>' not in result
+    assert '<h3 id="searchlabel">Quick search</h3>' not in result
+
+    app.builder.add_sidebars('index', ctx)
+    assert ctx['sidebars'] == []
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(("fname", "expect"), flat_dict({
+    'index.html': [(".//em/a[@href='https://example.com/man.1']", "", True),
+                   (".//em/a[@href='https://example.com/ls.1']", "", True),
+                   (".//em/a[@href='https://example.com/sphinx.']", "", True)],
+
+}))
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='manpage_url', confoverrides={
+    'manpages_url': 'https://example.com/{page}.{section}'})
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_build_html_manpage_url')
+def test_html_manpage(app, cached_etree_parse, fname, expect):
+    app.build()
+    check_xpath(cached_etree_parse(app.outdir / fname), fname, *expect)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='toctree-glob',
+                    confoverrides={'html_baseurl': 'https://example.com/'})
+def test_html_baseurl(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '<link rel="canonical" href="https://example.com/index.html" />' in result
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'qux' / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '<link rel="canonical" href="https://example.com/qux/index.html" />' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='toctree-glob',
+                    confoverrides={'html_baseurl': 'https://example.com/subdir',
+                                   'html_file_suffix': '.htm'})
+def test_html_baseurl_and_html_file_suffix(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'index.htm').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '<link rel="canonical" href="https://example.com/subdir/index.htm" />' in result
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'qux' / 'index.htm').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '<link rel="canonical" href="https://example.com/subdir/qux/index.htm" />' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic')
+def test_default_html_math_renderer(app, status, warning):
+    assert app.builder.math_renderer_name == 'mathjax'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic',
+                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.mathjax']})
+def test_html_math_renderer_is_mathjax(app, status, warning):
+    assert app.builder.math_renderer_name == 'mathjax'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic',
+                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.imgmath']})
+def test_html_math_renderer_is_imgmath(app, status, warning):
+    assert app.builder.math_renderer_name == 'imgmath'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic',
+                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinxcontrib.jsmath',
+                                                  'sphinx.ext.imgmath']})
+def test_html_math_renderer_is_duplicated(make_app, app_params):
+    args, kwargs = app_params
+    with pytest.raises(
+        ConfigError,
+        match='Many math_renderers are registered. But no math_renderer is selected.',
+    ):
+        make_app(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic',
+                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.imgmath',
+                                                  'sphinx.ext.mathjax']})
+def test_html_math_renderer_is_duplicated2(app, status, warning):
+    # case of both mathjax and another math_renderer is loaded
+    assert app.builder.math_renderer_name == 'imgmath'  # The another one is chosen
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic',
+                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinxcontrib.jsmath',
+                                                  'sphinx.ext.imgmath'],
+                                   'html_math_renderer': 'imgmath'})
+def test_html_math_renderer_is_chosen(app, status, warning):
+    assert app.builder.math_renderer_name == 'imgmath'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic',
+                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinxcontrib.jsmath',
+                                                  'sphinx.ext.mathjax'],
+                                   'html_math_renderer': 'imgmath'})
+def test_html_math_renderer_is_mismatched(make_app, app_params):
+    args, kwargs = app_params
+    with pytest.raises(ConfigError, match="Unknown math_renderer 'imgmath' is given."):
+        make_app(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic')
+def test_html_pygments_style_default(app):
+    style = app.builder.highlighter.formatter_args.get('style')
+    assert style.__name__ == 'Alabaster'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic',
+                    confoverrides={'pygments_style': 'sphinx'})
+def test_html_pygments_style_manually(app):
+    style = app.builder.highlighter.formatter_args.get('style')
+    assert style.__name__ == 'SphinxStyle'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic',
+                    confoverrides={'html_theme': 'classic'})
+def test_html_pygments_for_classic_theme(app):
+    style = app.builder.highlighter.formatter_args.get('style')
+    assert style.__name__ == 'SphinxStyle'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic')
+def test_html_dark_pygments_style_default(app):
+    assert app.builder.dark_highlighter is None
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='basic', srcdir='validate_html_extra_path')
+def test_validate_html_extra_path(app):
+    (app.confdir / '_static').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    app.config.html_extra_path = [
+        '/path/to/not_found',       # not found
+        '_static',
+        app.outdir,                 # outdir
+        app.outdir / '_static',     # inside outdir
+    ]
+    validate_html_extra_path(app, app.config)
+    assert app.config.html_extra_path == ['_static']
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='basic', srcdir='validate_html_static_path')
+def test_validate_html_static_path(app):
+    (app.confdir / '_static').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    app.config.html_static_path = [
+        '/path/to/not_found',       # not found
+        '_static',
+        app.outdir,                 # outdir
+        app.outdir / '_static',     # inside outdir
+    ]
+    validate_html_static_path(app, app.config)
+    assert app.config.html_static_path == ['_static']
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='html_scaled_image_link')
+def test_html_scaled_image_link(app):
+    app.build()
+    context = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    # no scaled parameters
+    assert re.search('\n<img alt="_images/img.png" src="_images/img.png" />', context)
+
+    # scaled_image_link
+    assert re.search('\n<a class="reference internal image-reference" href="_images/img.png">'
+                     '<img alt="_images/img.png" src="_images/img.png" style="[^"]+" /></a>',
+                     context)
+
+    # no-scaled-link class disables the feature
+    assert re.search('\n<img alt="_images/img.png" class="no-scaled-link"'
+                     ' src="_images/img.png" style="[^"]+" />',
+                     context)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='reST-code-block',
+                    confoverrides={'html_codeblock_linenos_style': 'table'})
+def test_html_codeblock_linenos_style_table(app):
+    app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    assert ('<div class="linenodiv"><pre><span class="normal">1</span>\n'
+            '<span class="normal">2</span>\n'
+            '<span class="normal">3</span>\n'
+            '<span class="normal">4</span></pre></div>') in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='reST-code-block',
+                    confoverrides={'html_codeblock_linenos_style': 'inline'})
+def test_html_codeblock_linenos_style_inline(app):
+    app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    assert '<span class="linenos">1</span>' in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='highlight_options')
+def test_highlight_options(app):
+    subject = app.builder.highlighter
+    with patch.object(subject, 'highlight_block', wraps=subject.highlight_block) as highlight:
+        app.build()
+
+        call_args = highlight.call_args_list
+        assert len(call_args) == 3
+        assert call_args[0] == call(ANY, 'default', force=False, linenos=False,
+                                    location=ANY, opts={'default_option': True})
+        assert call_args[1] == call(ANY, 'python', force=False, linenos=False,
+                                    location=ANY, opts={'python_option': True})
+        assert call_args[2] == call(ANY, 'java', force=False, linenos=False,
+                                    location=ANY, opts={})
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='highlight_options',
+                    confoverrides={'highlight_options': {'default_option': True}})
+def test_highlight_options_old(app):
+    subject = app.builder.highlighter
+    with patch.object(subject, 'highlight_block', wraps=subject.highlight_block) as highlight:
+        app.build()
+
+        call_args = highlight.call_args_list
+        assert len(call_args) == 3
+        assert call_args[0] == call(ANY, 'default', force=False, linenos=False,
+                                    location=ANY, opts={'default_option': True})
+        assert call_args[1] == call(ANY, 'python', force=False, linenos=False,
+                                    location=ANY, opts={})
+        assert call_args[2] == call(ANY, 'java', force=False, linenos=False,
+                                    location=ANY, opts={})
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic',
+                    confoverrides={'html_permalinks': False})
+def test_html_permalink_disable(app):
+    app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    assert '<h1>The basic Sphinx documentation for testing</h1>' in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic',
+                    confoverrides={'html_permalinks_icon': '<span>[PERMALINK]</span>'})
+def test_html_permalink_icon(app):
+    app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    assert ('<h1>The basic Sphinx documentation for testing<a class="headerlink" '
+            'href="#the-basic-sphinx-documentation-for-testing" '
+            'title="Link to this heading"><span>[PERMALINK]</span></a></h1>' in content)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='html_signaturereturn_icon')
+def test_html_signaturereturn_icon(app):
+    app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    assert ('<span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span>' in content)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='reST-code-role')
+def test_html_code_role(app):
+    app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    common_content = (
+        '<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">foo</span>'
+        '<span class="p">(</span>'
+        '<span class="mi">1</span> '
+        '<span class="o">+</span> '
+        '<span class="mi">2</span> '
+        '<span class="o">+</span> '
+        '<span class="kc">None</span> '
+        '<span class="o">+</span> '
+        '<span class="s2">&quot;abc&quot;</span>'
+        '<span class="p">):</span> '
+        '<span class="k">pass</span>')
+    assert ('<p>Inline <code class="code highlight python docutils literal highlight-python">' +
+            common_content + '</code> code block</p>') in content
+    assert ('<div class="highlight-python notranslate">' +
+            '<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>' +
+            common_content) in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='root',
+                    confoverrides={'option_emphasise_placeholders': True})
+def test_option_emphasise_placeholders(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'objects.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '<em><span class="pre">TYPE</span></em>' in content
+    assert '{TYPE}' not in content
+    assert ('<em><span class="pre">WHERE</span></em>'
+            '<span class="pre">-</span>'
+            '<em><span class="pre">COUNT</span></em>' in content)
+    assert '<span class="pre">{{value}}</span>' in content
+    assert ('<span class="pre">--plugin.option</span></span>'
+            '<a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-perl-plugin.option" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>') in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='root')
+def test_option_emphasise_placeholders_default(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'objects.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '<span class="pre">={TYPE}</span>' in content
+    assert '<span class="pre">={WHERE}-{COUNT}</span></span>' in content
+    assert '<span class="pre">{client_name}</span>' in content
+    assert ('<span class="pre">--plugin.option</span></span>'
+            '<span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span>'
+            '<a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-perl-plugin.option" title="Link to this definition">¶</a></dt>') in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='root')
+def test_option_reference_with_value(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'objects.html').read_text(encoding='utf-8')
+    assert ('<span class="pre">-mapi</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname">'
+            '</span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-git-commit-mapi"') in content
+    assert 'first option <a class="reference internal" href="#cmdoption-git-commit-mapi">' in content
+    assert ('<a class="reference internal" href="#cmdoption-git-commit-mapi">'
+            '<code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-mapi[=xxx]</span></code></a>') in content
+    assert '<span class="pre">-mapi</span> <span class="pre">with_space</span>' in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='theming')
+def test_theme_options(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+
+    result = (app.outdir / '_static' / 'documentation_options.js').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert 'NAVIGATION_WITH_KEYS: false' in result
+    assert 'ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS: true' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='theming',
+                    confoverrides={'html_theme_options.navigation_with_keys': True,
+                                   'html_theme_options.enable_search_shortcuts': False})
+def test_theme_options_with_override(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+
+    result = (app.outdir / '_static' / 'documentation_options.js').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert 'NAVIGATION_WITH_KEYS: true' in result
+    assert 'ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS: false' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='build-html-theme-having-multiple-stylesheets')
+def test_theme_having_multiple_stylesheets(app):
+    app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf-8')
+
+    assert '<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/mytheme.css" />' in content
+    assert '<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/extra.css" />' in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='images')
+def test_copy_images(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+
+    images_dir = Path(app.outdir) / '_images'
+    images = {image.name for image in images_dir.rglob('*')}
+    assert images == {
+        'img.png',
+        'rimg.png',
+        'rimg1.png',
+        'svgimg.svg',
+        'testimäge.png',
+    }
diff --git a/tests/test_build_latex.py b/tests/test_build_latex.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e37a97e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_build_latex.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1755 @@
+"""Test the build process with LaTeX builder with the test root."""
+
+import os
+import re
+import subprocess
+from itertools import chain, product
+from pathlib import Path
+from shutil import copyfile
+from subprocess import CalledProcessError
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx.builders.latex import default_latex_documents
+from sphinx.config import Config
+from sphinx.errors import SphinxError
+from sphinx.ext.intersphinx import load_mappings, normalize_intersphinx_mapping
+from sphinx.ext.intersphinx import setup as intersphinx_setup
+from sphinx.testing.util import strip_escseq
+from sphinx.util.osutil import ensuredir
+from sphinx.writers.latex import LaTeXTranslator
+
+from .test_build_html import ENV_WARNINGS
+
+try:
+    from contextlib import chdir
+except ImportError:
+    from sphinx.util.osutil import _chdir as chdir
+
+LATEX_ENGINES = ['pdflatex', 'lualatex', 'xelatex']
+DOCCLASSES = ['manual', 'howto']
+STYLEFILES = ['article.cls', 'fancyhdr.sty', 'titlesec.sty', 'amsmath.sty',
+              'framed.sty', 'color.sty', 'fancyvrb.sty',
+              'fncychap.sty', 'geometry.sty', 'kvoptions.sty', 'hyperref.sty',
+              'booktabs.sty']
+
+LATEX_WARNINGS = ENV_WARNINGS + """\
+%(root)s/index.rst:\\d+: WARNING: unknown option: '&option'
+%(root)s/index.rst:\\d+: WARNING: citation not found: missing
+%(root)s/index.rst:\\d+: WARNING: a suitable image for latex builder not found: foo.\\*
+%(root)s/index.rst:\\d+: WARNING: Lexing literal_block ".*" as "c" resulted in an error at token: ".*". Retrying in relaxed mode.
+"""
+
+
+# only run latex if all needed packages are there
+def kpsetest(*filenames):
+    try:
+        subprocess.run(['kpsewhich'] + list(filenames), capture_output=True, check=True)
+        return True
+    except (OSError, CalledProcessError):
+        return False  # command not found or exit with non-zero
+
+
+# compile latex document with app.config.latex_engine
+def compile_latex_document(app, filename='python.tex', docclass='manual'):
+    # now, try to run latex over it
+    try:
+        with chdir(app.outdir):
+            # name latex output-directory according to both engine and docclass
+            # to avoid reuse of auxiliary files by one docclass from another
+            latex_outputdir = app.config.latex_engine + docclass
+            ensuredir(latex_outputdir)
+            # keep a copy of latex file for this engine in case test fails
+            copyfile(filename, latex_outputdir + '/' + filename)
+            args = [app.config.latex_engine,
+                    '--halt-on-error',
+                    '--interaction=nonstopmode',
+                    '-output-directory=%s' % latex_outputdir,
+                    filename]
+            subprocess.run(args, capture_output=True, check=True)
+    except OSError as exc:  # most likely the latex executable was not found
+        raise pytest.skip.Exception from exc
+    except CalledProcessError as exc:
+        print(exc.stdout.decode('utf8'))
+        print(exc.stderr.decode('utf8'))
+        msg = f'{app.config.latex_engine} exited with return code {exc.returncode}'
+        raise AssertionError(msg) from exc
+
+
+def skip_if_requested(testfunc):
+    if 'SKIP_LATEX_BUILD' in os.environ:
+        msg = 'Skip LaTeX builds because SKIP_LATEX_BUILD is set'
+        return pytest.mark.skipif(True, reason=msg)(testfunc)
+    else:
+        return testfunc
+
+
+def skip_if_stylefiles_notfound(testfunc):
+    if kpsetest(*STYLEFILES) is False:
+        msg = 'not running latex, the required styles do not seem to be installed'
+        return pytest.mark.skipif(True, reason=msg)(testfunc)
+    else:
+        return testfunc
+
+
+@skip_if_requested
+@skip_if_stylefiles_notfound
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ('engine', 'docclass', 'python_maximum_signature_line_length'),
+    # Only running test with `python_maximum_signature_line_length` not None with last
+    # LaTeX engine to reduce testing time, as if this configuration does not fail with
+    # one engine, it's almost impossible it would fail with another.
+    chain(
+        product(LATEX_ENGINES[:-1], DOCCLASSES, [None]),
+        product([LATEX_ENGINES[-1]], DOCCLASSES, [1]),
+    ),
+)
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', freshenv=True)
+def test_build_latex_doc(app, status, warning, engine, docclass, python_maximum_signature_line_length):
+    app.config.python_maximum_signature_line_length = python_maximum_signature_line_length
+    app.config.intersphinx_mapping = {
+        'sphinx': ('https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/', None),
+    }
+    intersphinx_setup(app)
+    app.config.latex_engine = engine
+    app.config.latex_documents = [app.config.latex_documents[0][:4] + (docclass,)]
+    if engine == 'xelatex':
+        app.config.latex_table_style = ['booktabs']
+    elif engine == 'lualatex':
+        app.config.latex_table_style = ['colorrows']
+    normalize_intersphinx_mapping(app, app.config)
+    load_mappings(app)
+    app.builder.init()
+    LaTeXTranslator.ignore_missing_images = True
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    # file from latex_additional_files
+    assert (app.outdir / 'svgimg.svg').is_file()
+
+    compile_latex_document(app, 'sphinxtests.tex', docclass)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex')
+def test_writer(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'sphinxtests.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    assert ('\\begin{sphinxfigure-in-table}\n\\centering\n\\capstart\n'
+            '\\noindent\\sphinxincludegraphics{{img}.png}\n'
+            '\\sphinxfigcaption{figure in table}\\label{\\detokenize{markup:id8}}'
+            '\\end{sphinxfigure-in-table}\\relax' in result)
+
+    assert ('\\begin{wrapfigure}{r}{0pt}\n\\centering\n'
+            '\\noindent\\sphinxincludegraphics{{rimg}.png}\n'
+            '\\caption{figure with align option}\\label{\\detokenize{markup:id9}}'
+            '\\end{wrapfigure}\n\n'
+            '\\mbox{}\\par\\vskip-\\dimexpr\\baselineskip+\\parskip\\relax' in result)
+
+    assert ('\\begin{wrapfigure}{r}{0.500\\linewidth}\n\\centering\n'
+            '\\noindent\\sphinxincludegraphics{{rimg}.png}\n'
+            '\\caption{figure with align \\& figwidth option}'
+            '\\label{\\detokenize{markup:id10}}'
+            '\\end{wrapfigure}\n\n'
+            '\\mbox{}\\par\\vskip-\\dimexpr\\baselineskip+\\parskip\\relax' in result)
+
+    assert ('\\begin{wrapfigure}{r}{3cm}\n\\centering\n'
+            '\\noindent\\sphinxincludegraphics[width=3cm]{{rimg}.png}\n'
+            '\\caption{figure with align \\& width option}'
+            '\\label{\\detokenize{markup:id11}}'
+            '\\end{wrapfigure}\n\n'
+            '\\mbox{}\\par\\vskip-\\dimexpr\\baselineskip+\\parskip\\relax' in result)
+
+    assert 'Footnotes' not in result
+
+    assert ('\\begin{sphinxseealso}{See also:}\n\n'
+            '\\sphinxAtStartPar\n'
+            'something, something else, something more\n'
+            '\\begin{description}\n'
+            '\\sphinxlineitem{\\sphinxhref{http://www.google.com}{Google}}\n'
+            '\\sphinxAtStartPar\n'
+            'For everything.\n'
+            '\n'
+            '\\end{description}\n'
+            '\n\n\\end{sphinxseealso}\n\n' in result)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='warnings', freshenv=True)
+def test_latex_warnings(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    warnings = strip_escseq(re.sub(re.escape(os.sep) + '{1,2}', '/', warning.getvalue()))
+    warnings_exp = LATEX_WARNINGS % {
+        'root': re.escape(app.srcdir.as_posix())}
+    assert re.match(warnings_exp + '$', warnings), \
+        "Warnings don't match:\n" + \
+        '--- Expected (regex):\n' + warnings_exp + \
+        '--- Got:\n' + warnings
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='basic')
+def test_latex_basic(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'test.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert r'\title{The basic Sphinx documentation for testing}' in result
+    assert r'\release{}' in result
+    assert r'\renewcommand{\releasename}{}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='basic',
+                    confoverrides={
+                        'latex_documents': [('index', 'test.tex', 'title', 'author', 'manual')],
+                    })
+def test_latex_basic_manual(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'test.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    assert r'\def\sphinxdocclass{report}' in result
+    assert r'\documentclass[letterpaper,10pt,english]{sphinxmanual}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='basic',
+                    confoverrides={
+                        'latex_documents': [('index', 'test.tex', 'title', 'author', 'howto')],
+                    })
+def test_latex_basic_howto(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'test.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    assert r'\def\sphinxdocclass{article}' in result
+    assert r'\documentclass[letterpaper,10pt,english]{sphinxhowto}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='basic',
+                    confoverrides={
+                        'language': 'ja',
+                        'latex_documents': [('index', 'test.tex', 'title', 'author', 'manual')],
+                    })
+def test_latex_basic_manual_ja(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'test.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    assert r'\def\sphinxdocclass{ujbook}' in result
+    assert r'\documentclass[letterpaper,10pt,dvipdfmx]{sphinxmanual}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='basic',
+                    confoverrides={
+                        'language': 'ja',
+                        'latex_documents': [('index', 'test.tex', 'title', 'author', 'howto')],
+                    })
+def test_latex_basic_howto_ja(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'test.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    assert r'\def\sphinxdocclass{ujreport}' in result
+    assert r'\documentclass[letterpaper,10pt,dvipdfmx]{sphinxhowto}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-theme')
+def test_latex_theme(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    assert r'\def\sphinxdocclass{book}' in result
+    assert r'\documentclass[a4paper,12pt,english]{sphinxbook}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-theme',
+                    confoverrides={'latex_elements': {'papersize': 'b5paper',
+                                                      'pointsize': '9pt'}})
+def test_latex_theme_papersize(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    assert r'\def\sphinxdocclass{book}' in result
+    assert r'\documentclass[b5paper,9pt,english]{sphinxbook}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-theme',
+                    confoverrides={'latex_theme_options': {'papersize': 'b5paper',
+                                                           'pointsize': '9pt'}})
+def test_latex_theme_options(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    assert r'\def\sphinxdocclass{book}' in result
+    assert r'\documentclass[b5paper,9pt,english]{sphinxbook}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='basic', confoverrides={'language': 'zh'})
+def test_latex_additional_settings_for_language_code(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'test.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert r'\usepackage{xeCJK}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='basic', confoverrides={'language': 'el'})
+def test_latex_additional_settings_for_greek(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'test.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert '\\usepackage{polyglossia}\n\\setmainlanguage{greek}' in result
+    assert '\\newfontfamily\\greekfonttt{FreeMono}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-title')
+def test_latex_title_after_admonitions(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'test.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert '\\title{test\\sphinxhyphen{}latex\\sphinxhyphen{}title}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='basic',
+                    confoverrides={'release': '1.0_0'})
+def test_latex_release(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'test.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert r'\release{1.0\_0}' in result
+    assert r'\renewcommand{\releasename}{Release}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='numfig',
+                    confoverrides={'numfig': True})
+def test_numref(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:fig1}]'
+            '{Fig.\\@ \\ref{\\detokenize{index:fig1}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{baz:fig22}]'
+            '{Figure\\ref{\\detokenize{baz:fig22}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:table-1}]'
+            '{Table \\ref{\\detokenize{index:table-1}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{baz:table22}]'
+            '{Table:\\ref{\\detokenize{baz:table22}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:code-1}]'
+            '{Listing \\ref{\\detokenize{index:code-1}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{baz:code22}]'
+            '{Code\\sphinxhyphen{}\\ref{\\detokenize{baz:code22}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{foo:foo}]'
+            '{Section \\ref{\\detokenize{foo:foo}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{bar:bar-a}]'
+            '{Section \\ref{\\detokenize{bar:bar-a}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:fig1}]{Fig.\\ref{\\detokenize{index:fig1}} '
+            '\\nameref{\\detokenize{index:fig1}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{foo:foo}]{Sect.\\ref{\\detokenize{foo:foo}} '
+            '\\nameref{\\detokenize{foo:foo}}}') in result
+
+    # sphinxmessages.sty
+    result = (app.outdir / 'sphinxmessages.sty').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    assert r'\addto\captionsenglish{\renewcommand{\figurename}{Fig.\@{} }}' in result
+    assert r'\addto\captionsenglish{\renewcommand{\tablename}{Table }}' in result
+    assert r'\addto\captionsenglish{\renewcommand{\literalblockname}{Listing}}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'latex', testroot='numfig',
+    confoverrides={'numfig': True,
+                   'numfig_format': {'figure': 'Figure:%s',
+                                     'table': 'Tab_%s',
+                                     'code-block': 'Code-%s',
+                                     'section': 'SECTION-%s'}})
+def test_numref_with_prefix1(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert '\\ref{\\detokenize{index:fig1}}' in result
+    assert '\\ref{\\detokenize{baz:fig22}}' in result
+    assert '\\ref{\\detokenize{index:table-1}}' in result
+    assert '\\ref{\\detokenize{baz:table22}}' in result
+    assert '\\ref{\\detokenize{index:code-1}}' in result
+    assert '\\ref{\\detokenize{baz:code22}}' in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:fig1}]'
+            '{Figure:\\ref{\\detokenize{index:fig1}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{baz:fig22}]'
+            '{Figure\\ref{\\detokenize{baz:fig22}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:table-1}]'
+            '{Tab\\_\\ref{\\detokenize{index:table-1}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{baz:table22}]'
+            '{Table:\\ref{\\detokenize{baz:table22}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:code-1}]'
+            '{Code\\sphinxhyphen{}\\ref{\\detokenize{index:code-1}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{baz:code22}]'
+            '{Code\\sphinxhyphen{}\\ref{\\detokenize{baz:code22}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{foo:foo}]'
+            '{SECTION\\sphinxhyphen{}\\ref{\\detokenize{foo:foo}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{bar:bar-a}]'
+            '{SECTION\\sphinxhyphen{}\\ref{\\detokenize{bar:bar-a}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:fig1}]{Fig.\\ref{\\detokenize{index:fig1}} '
+            '\\nameref{\\detokenize{index:fig1}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{foo:foo}]{Sect.\\ref{\\detokenize{foo:foo}} '
+            '\\nameref{\\detokenize{foo:foo}}}') in result
+
+    # sphinxmessages.sty
+    result = (app.outdir / 'sphinxmessages.sty').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    assert r'\addto\captionsenglish{\renewcommand{\figurename}{Figure:}}' in result
+    assert r'\addto\captionsenglish{\renewcommand{\tablename}{Tab\_}}' in result
+    assert r'\addto\captionsenglish{\renewcommand{\literalblockname}{Code-}}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'latex', testroot='numfig',
+    confoverrides={'numfig': True,
+                   'numfig_format': {'figure': 'Figure:%s.',
+                                     'table': 'Tab_%s:',
+                                     'code-block': 'Code-%s | ',
+                                     'section': 'SECTION_%s_'}})
+def test_numref_with_prefix2(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:fig1}]'
+            '{Figure:\\ref{\\detokenize{index:fig1}}.\\@}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{baz:fig22}]'
+            '{Figure\\ref{\\detokenize{baz:fig22}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:table-1}]'
+            '{Tab\\_\\ref{\\detokenize{index:table-1}}:}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{baz:table22}]'
+            '{Table:\\ref{\\detokenize{baz:table22}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:code-1}]{Code\\sphinxhyphen{}\\ref{\\detokenize{index:code-1}} '
+            '| }') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{baz:code22}]'
+            '{Code\\sphinxhyphen{}\\ref{\\detokenize{baz:code22}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{foo:foo}]'
+            '{SECTION\\_\\ref{\\detokenize{foo:foo}}\\_}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{bar:bar-a}]'
+            '{SECTION\\_\\ref{\\detokenize{bar:bar-a}}\\_}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:fig1}]{Fig.\\ref{\\detokenize{index:fig1}} '
+            '\\nameref{\\detokenize{index:fig1}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{foo:foo}]{Sect.\\ref{\\detokenize{foo:foo}} '
+            '\\nameref{\\detokenize{foo:foo}}}') in result
+
+    # sphinxmessages.sty
+    result = (app.outdir / 'sphinxmessages.sty').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    assert r'\addto\captionsenglish{\renewcommand{\figurename}{Figure:}}' in result
+    assert r'\def\fnum@figure{\figurename\thefigure{}.}' in result
+    assert r'\addto\captionsenglish{\renewcommand{\tablename}{Tab\_}}' in result
+    assert r'\def\fnum@table{\tablename\thetable{}:}' in result
+    assert r'\addto\captionsenglish{\renewcommand{\literalblockname}{Code-}}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'latex', testroot='numfig',
+    confoverrides={'numfig': True, 'language': 'ja'})
+def test_numref_with_language_ja(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:fig1}]'
+            '{\u56f3 \\ref{\\detokenize{index:fig1}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{baz:fig22}]'
+            '{Figure\\ref{\\detokenize{baz:fig22}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:table-1}]'
+            '{\u8868 \\ref{\\detokenize{index:table-1}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{baz:table22}]'
+            '{Table:\\ref{\\detokenize{baz:table22}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:code-1}]'
+            '{\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8 \\ref{\\detokenize{index:code-1}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{baz:code22}]'
+            '{Code\\sphinxhyphen{}\\ref{\\detokenize{baz:code22}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{foo:foo}]'
+            '{\\ref{\\detokenize{foo:foo}} \u7ae0}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{bar:bar-a}]'
+            '{\\ref{\\detokenize{bar:bar-a}} \u7ae0}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:fig1}]{Fig.\\ref{\\detokenize{index:fig1}} '
+            '\\nameref{\\detokenize{index:fig1}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\hyperref[\\detokenize{foo:foo}]{Sect.\\ref{\\detokenize{foo:foo}} '
+            '\\nameref{\\detokenize{foo:foo}}}') in result
+
+    # sphinxmessages.sty
+    result = (app.outdir / 'sphinxmessages.sty').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    assert '\\@iden{\\renewcommand{\\figurename}{図 }}' in result
+    assert '\\@iden{\\renewcommand{\\tablename}{表 }}' in result
+    assert '\\@iden{\\renewcommand{\\literalblockname}{リスト}}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-numfig')
+def test_latex_obey_numfig_is_false(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'SphinxManual.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '\\usepackage{sphinx}' in result
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'SphinxHowTo.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '\\usepackage{sphinx}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'latex', testroot='latex-numfig',
+    confoverrides={'numfig': True, 'numfig_secnum_depth': 0})
+def test_latex_obey_numfig_secnum_depth_is_zero(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'SphinxManual.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '\\usepackage[,nonumfigreset,mathnumfig]{sphinx}' in result
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'SphinxHowTo.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '\\usepackage[,nonumfigreset,mathnumfig]{sphinx}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'latex', testroot='latex-numfig',
+    confoverrides={'numfig': True, 'numfig_secnum_depth': 2})
+def test_latex_obey_numfig_secnum_depth_is_two(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'SphinxManual.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '\\usepackage[,numfigreset=2,mathnumfig]{sphinx}' in result
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'SphinxHowTo.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '\\usepackage[,numfigreset=3,mathnumfig]{sphinx}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'latex', testroot='latex-numfig',
+    confoverrides={'numfig': True, 'math_numfig': False})
+def test_latex_obey_numfig_but_math_numfig_false(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'SphinxManual.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '\\usepackage[,numfigreset=1]{sphinx}' in result
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'SphinxHowTo.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '\\usepackage[,numfigreset=2]{sphinx}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='basic')
+def test_latex_add_latex_package(app, status, warning):
+    app.add_latex_package('foo')
+    app.add_latex_package('bar', 'baz')
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'test.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '\\usepackage{foo}' in result
+    assert '\\usepackage[baz]{bar}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-babel')
+def test_babel_with_no_language_settings(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert '\\documentclass[letterpaper,10pt,english]{sphinxmanual}' in result
+    assert '\\usepackage{babel}' in result
+    assert '\\usepackage{tgtermes}' in result
+    assert '\\usepackage[Bjarne]{fncychap}' in result
+    assert ('\\addto\\captionsenglish{\\renewcommand{\\contentsname}{Table of content}}\n'
+            in result)
+    assert '\\shorthandoff{"}' in result
+
+    # sphinxmessages.sty
+    result = (app.outdir / 'sphinxmessages.sty').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    assert r'\def\pageautorefname{page}' in result
+    assert r'\addto\captionsenglish{\renewcommand{\figurename}{Fig.\@{} }}' in result
+    assert r'\addto\captionsenglish{\renewcommand{\tablename}{Table.\@{} }}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'latex', testroot='latex-babel',
+    confoverrides={'language': 'de'})
+def test_babel_with_language_de(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert '\\documentclass[letterpaper,10pt,ngerman]{sphinxmanual}' in result
+    assert '\\usepackage{babel}' in result
+    assert '\\usepackage{tgtermes}' in result
+    assert '\\usepackage[Sonny]{fncychap}' in result
+    assert ('\\addto\\captionsngerman{\\renewcommand{\\contentsname}{Table of content}}\n'
+            in result)
+    assert '\\shorthandoff{"}' in result
+
+    # sphinxmessages.sty
+    result = (app.outdir / 'sphinxmessages.sty').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    assert r'\def\pageautorefname{Seite}' in result
+    assert r'\addto\captionsngerman{\renewcommand{\figurename}{Fig.\@{} }}' in result
+    assert r'\addto\captionsngerman{\renewcommand{\tablename}{Table.\@{} }}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'latex', testroot='latex-babel',
+    confoverrides={'language': 'ru'})
+def test_babel_with_language_ru(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert '\\documentclass[letterpaper,10pt,russian]{sphinxmanual}' in result
+    assert '\\usepackage{babel}' in result
+    assert '\\usepackage{tgtermes}' not in result
+    assert '\\usepackage[Sonny]{fncychap}' in result
+    assert ('\\addto\\captionsrussian{\\renewcommand{\\contentsname}{Table of content}}\n'
+            in result)
+    assert '\\shorthandoff{"}' in result
+
+    # sphinxmessages.sty
+    result = (app.outdir / 'sphinxmessages.sty').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    assert r'\def\pageautorefname{страница}' in result
+    assert r'\addto\captionsrussian{\renewcommand{\figurename}{Fig.\@{} }}' in result
+    assert r'\addto\captionsrussian{\renewcommand{\tablename}{Table.\@{} }}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'latex', testroot='latex-babel',
+    confoverrides={'language': 'tr'})
+def test_babel_with_language_tr(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert '\\documentclass[letterpaper,10pt,turkish]{sphinxmanual}' in result
+    assert '\\usepackage{babel}' in result
+    assert '\\usepackage{tgtermes}' in result
+    assert '\\usepackage[Sonny]{fncychap}' in result
+    assert ('\\addto\\captionsturkish{\\renewcommand{\\contentsname}{Table of content}}\n'
+            in result)
+    assert '\\shorthandoff{=}' in result
+
+    # sphinxmessages.sty
+    result = (app.outdir / 'sphinxmessages.sty').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    assert r'\def\pageautorefname{sayfa}' in result
+    assert r'\addto\captionsturkish{\renewcommand{\figurename}{Fig.\@{} }}' in result
+    assert r'\addto\captionsturkish{\renewcommand{\tablename}{Table.\@{} }}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'latex', testroot='latex-babel',
+    confoverrides={'language': 'ja'})
+def test_babel_with_language_ja(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert '\\documentclass[letterpaper,10pt,dvipdfmx]{sphinxmanual}' in result
+    assert '\\usepackage{babel}' not in result
+    assert '\\usepackage{tgtermes}' in result
+    assert '\\usepackage[Sonny]{fncychap}' not in result
+    assert '\\renewcommand{\\contentsname}{Table of content}\n' in result
+    assert '\\shorthandoff' not in result
+
+    # sphinxmessages.sty
+    result = (app.outdir / 'sphinxmessages.sty').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    assert r'\def\pageautorefname{ページ}' in result
+    assert '\\@iden{\\renewcommand{\\figurename}{Fig.\\@{} }}' in result
+    assert '\\@iden{\\renewcommand{\\tablename}{Table.\\@{} }}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'latex', testroot='latex-babel',
+    confoverrides={'language': 'unknown'})
+def test_babel_with_unknown_language(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert '\\documentclass[letterpaper,10pt,english]{sphinxmanual}' in result
+    assert '\\usepackage{babel}' in result
+    assert '\\usepackage{tgtermes}' in result
+    assert '\\usepackage[Sonny]{fncychap}' in result
+    assert ('\\addto\\captionsenglish{\\renewcommand{\\contentsname}{Table of content}}\n'
+            in result)
+    assert '\\shorthandoff' in result
+
+    assert "WARNING: no Babel option known for language 'unknown'" in warning.getvalue()
+
+    # sphinxmessages.sty
+    result = (app.outdir / 'sphinxmessages.sty').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    assert r'\def\pageautorefname{page}' in result
+    assert r'\addto\captionsenglish{\renewcommand{\figurename}{Fig.\@{} }}' in result
+    assert r'\addto\captionsenglish{\renewcommand{\tablename}{Table.\@{} }}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'latex', testroot='latex-babel',
+    confoverrides={'language': 'de', 'latex_engine': 'lualatex'})
+def test_polyglossia_with_language_de(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert '\\documentclass[letterpaper,10pt,german]{sphinxmanual}' in result
+    assert '\\usepackage{polyglossia}' in result
+    assert '\\setmainlanguage[spelling=new]{german}' in result
+    assert '\\usepackage{tgtermes}' not in result
+    assert '\\usepackage[Sonny]{fncychap}' in result
+    assert ('\\addto\\captionsgerman{\\renewcommand{\\contentsname}{Table of content}}\n'
+            in result)
+    assert '\\shorthandoff' not in result
+
+    # sphinxmessages.sty
+    result = (app.outdir / 'sphinxmessages.sty').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    assert r'\def\pageautorefname{Seite}' in result
+    assert r'\addto\captionsgerman{\renewcommand{\figurename}{Fig.\@{} }}' in result
+    assert r'\addto\captionsgerman{\renewcommand{\tablename}{Table.\@{} }}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'latex', testroot='latex-babel',
+    confoverrides={'language': 'de-1901', 'latex_engine': 'lualatex'})
+def test_polyglossia_with_language_de_1901(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert '\\documentclass[letterpaper,10pt,german]{sphinxmanual}' in result
+    assert '\\usepackage{polyglossia}' in result
+    assert '\\setmainlanguage[spelling=old]{german}' in result
+    assert '\\usepackage{tgtermes}' not in result
+    assert '\\usepackage[Sonny]{fncychap}' in result
+    assert ('\\addto\\captionsgerman{\\renewcommand{\\contentsname}{Table of content}}\n'
+            in result)
+    assert '\\shorthandoff' not in result
+
+    # sphinxmessages.sty
+    result = (app.outdir / 'sphinxmessages.sty').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    assert r'\def\pageautorefname{page}' in result
+    assert r'\addto\captionsgerman{\renewcommand{\figurename}{Fig.\@{} }}' in result
+    assert r'\addto\captionsgerman{\renewcommand{\tablename}{Table.\@{} }}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex')
+def test_footnote(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'sphinxtests.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert ('\\sphinxAtStartPar\n%\n\\begin{footnote}[1]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'numbered\n%\n\\end{footnote}') in result
+    assert ('\\begin{footnote}[2]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\nauto numbered\n%\n'
+            '\\end{footnote}') in result
+    assert '\\begin{footnote}[3]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\nnamed\n%\n\\end{footnote}' in result
+    assert '\\sphinxcite{footnote:bar}' in result
+    assert ('\\bibitem[bar]{footnote:bar}\n\\sphinxAtStartPar\ncite\n') in result
+    assert '\\sphinxcaption{Table caption \\sphinxfootnotemark[4]' in result
+    assert ('\\sphinxmidrule\n\\sphinxtableatstartofbodyhook%\n'
+            '\\begin{footnotetext}[4]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'footnote in table caption\n%\n\\end{footnotetext}\\ignorespaces %\n'
+            '\\begin{footnotetext}[5]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'footnote in table header\n%\n\\end{footnotetext}\\ignorespaces '
+            '\n\\sphinxAtStartPar\n'
+            'VIDIOC\\_CROPCAP\n&\n\\sphinxAtStartPar\n') in result
+    assert ('Information about VIDIOC\\_CROPCAP %\n'
+            '\\begin{footnote}[6]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'footnote in table not in header\n%\n\\end{footnote}\n\\\\\n'
+            '\\sphinxbottomrule\n\\end{tabulary}\n'
+            '\\sphinxtableafterendhook\\par\n\\sphinxattableend\\end{savenotes}\n') in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='footnotes')
+def test_reference_in_caption_and_codeblock_in_footnote(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert ('\\caption{This is the figure caption with a reference to '
+            '\\sphinxcite{index:authoryear}.}' in result)
+    assert '\\chapter{The section with a reference to {[}AuthorYear{]}}' in result
+    assert ('\\sphinxcaption{The table title with a reference'
+            ' to {[}AuthorYear{]}}' in result)
+    assert '\\subsubsection*{The rubric title with a reference to {[}AuthorYear{]}}' in result
+    assert ('\\chapter{The section with a reference to \\sphinxfootnotemark[6]}\n'
+            '\\label{\\detokenize{index:the-section-with-a-reference-to}}'
+            '%\n\\begin{footnotetext}[6]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'Footnote in section\n%\n\\end{footnotetext}') in result
+    assert ('\\caption{This is the figure caption with a footnote to '
+            '\\sphinxfootnotemark[8].}\\label{\\detokenize{index:id35}}\\end{figure}\n'
+            '%\n\\begin{footnotetext}[8]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'Footnote in caption\n%\n\\end{footnotetext}') in result
+    assert ('\\sphinxcaption{footnote \\sphinxfootnotemark[9] in '
+            'caption of normal table}\\label{\\detokenize{index:id36}}') in result
+    assert ('\\caption{footnote \\sphinxfootnotemark[10] '
+            'in caption \\sphinxfootnotemark[11] of longtable\\strut}') in result
+    assert ('\\endlastfoot\n\\sphinxtableatstartofbodyhook\n%\n'
+            '\\begin{footnotetext}[10]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'Foot note in longtable\n%\n\\end{footnotetext}\\ignorespaces %\n'
+            '\\begin{footnotetext}[11]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'Second footnote in caption of longtable\n') in result
+    assert ('This is a reference to the code\\sphinxhyphen{}block in the footnote:\n'
+            '{\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:codeblockinfootnote}]'
+            '{\\sphinxcrossref{\\DUrole{std,std-ref}{I am in a footnote}}}}') in result
+    assert ('&\n\\sphinxAtStartPar\nThis is one more footnote with some code in it %\n'
+            '\\begin{footnote}[12]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'Third footnote in longtable\n') in result
+    assert ('\\end{sphinxVerbatim}\n%\n\\end{footnote}.\n') in result
+    assert '\\begin{sphinxVerbatim}[commandchars=\\\\\\{\\}]' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='footnotes')
+def test_footnote_referred_multiple_times(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+
+    assert ('Explicitly numbered footnote: %\n'
+            '\\begin{footnote}[100]'
+            '\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\nNumbered footnote\n%\n'
+            '\\end{footnote} \\sphinxfootnotemark[100]\n'
+            in result)
+    assert ('Named footnote: %\n'
+            '\\begin{footnote}[13]'
+            '\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\nNamed footnote\n%\n'
+            '\\end{footnote} \\sphinxfootnotemark[13]\n'
+            in result)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'latex', testroot='footnotes',
+    confoverrides={'latex_show_urls': 'inline'})
+def test_latex_show_urls_is_inline(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert ('Same footnote number %\n'
+            '\\begin{footnote}[1]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'footnote in bar\n%\n\\end{footnote} in bar.rst') in result
+    assert ('Auto footnote number %\n\\begin{footnote}[1]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'footnote in baz\n%\n\\end{footnote} in baz.rst') in result
+    assert ('\\phantomsection\\label{\\detokenize{index:id38}}'
+            '{\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:the-section'
+            '-with-a-reference-to-authoryear}]'
+            '{\\sphinxcrossref{The section with a reference to '
+            '\\sphinxcite{index:authoryear}}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\phantomsection\\label{\\detokenize{index:id39}}'
+            '{\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:the-section-with-a-reference-to}]'
+            '{\\sphinxcrossref{The section with a reference to }}}' in result)
+    assert ('First footnote: %\n\\begin{footnote}[2]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'First\n%\n\\end{footnote}') in result
+    assert ('Second footnote: %\n'
+            '\\begin{footnote}[1]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'Second\n%\n\\end{footnote}\n') in result
+    assert '\\sphinxhref{http://sphinx-doc.org/}{Sphinx} (http://sphinx\\sphinxhyphen{}doc.org/)' in result
+    assert ('Third footnote: %\n\\begin{footnote}[3]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'Third \\sphinxfootnotemark[4]\n%\n\\end{footnote}%\n'
+            '\\begin{footnotetext}[4]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'Footnote inside footnote\n%\n\\end{footnotetext}\\ignorespaces') in result
+    assert ('Fourth footnote: %\n\\begin{footnote}[5]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'Fourth\n%\n\\end{footnote}\n') in result
+    assert ('\\sphinxhref{http://sphinx-doc.org/~test/}{URL including tilde} '
+            '(http://sphinx\\sphinxhyphen{}doc.org/\\textasciitilde{}test/)') in result
+    assert ('\\sphinxlineitem{\\sphinxhref{http://sphinx-doc.org/}{URL in term} '
+            '(http://sphinx\\sphinxhyphen{}doc.org/)}\n'
+            '\\sphinxAtStartPar\nDescription' in result)
+    assert ('\\sphinxlineitem{Footnote in term \\sphinxfootnotemark[7]}%\n'
+            '\\begin{footnotetext}[7]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n' in result)
+    assert ('\\sphinxlineitem{\\sphinxhref{http://sphinx-doc.org/}{URL in term} '
+            '(http://sphinx\\sphinxhyphen{}doc.org/)}\n'
+            '\\sphinxAtStartPar\nDescription' in result)
+    assert ('\\sphinxlineitem{Footnote in term \\sphinxfootnotemark[7]}%\n'
+            '\\begin{footnotetext}[7]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'Footnote in term\n%\n\\end{footnotetext}\\ignorespaces '
+            '\n\\sphinxAtStartPar\nDescription') in result
+    assert ('\\sphinxlineitem{\\sphinxhref{http://sphinx-doc.org/}{Term in deflist} '
+            '(http://sphinx\\sphinxhyphen{}doc.org/)}'
+            '\n\\sphinxAtStartPar\nDescription') in result
+    assert '\\sphinxurl{https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx}\n' in result
+    assert ('\\sphinxhref{mailto:sphinx-dev@googlegroups.com}'
+            '{sphinx\\sphinxhyphen{}dev@googlegroups.com}') in result
+    assert '\\begin{savenotes}\\begin{fulllineitems}' not in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'latex', testroot='footnotes',
+    confoverrides={'latex_show_urls': 'footnote'})
+def test_latex_show_urls_is_footnote(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert ('Same footnote number %\n'
+            '\\begin{footnote}[1]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'footnote in bar\n%\n\\end{footnote} in bar.rst') in result
+    assert ('Auto footnote number %\n\\begin{footnote}[2]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'footnote in baz\n%\n\\end{footnote} in baz.rst') in result
+    assert ('\\phantomsection\\label{\\detokenize{index:id38}}'
+            '{\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:the-section-with-a-reference-to-authoryear}]'
+            '{\\sphinxcrossref{The section with a reference '
+            'to \\sphinxcite{index:authoryear}}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\phantomsection\\label{\\detokenize{index:id39}}'
+            '{\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:the-section-with-a-reference-to}]'
+            '{\\sphinxcrossref{The section with a reference to }}}') in result
+    assert ('First footnote: %\n\\begin{footnote}[3]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'First\n%\n\\end{footnote}') in result
+    assert ('Second footnote: %\n'
+            '\\begin{footnote}[1]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'Second\n%\n\\end{footnote}') in result
+    assert ('\\sphinxhref{http://sphinx-doc.org/}{Sphinx}'
+            '%\n\\begin{footnote}[4]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            '\\sphinxnolinkurl{http://sphinx-doc.org/}\n%\n\\end{footnote}') in result
+    assert ('Third footnote: %\n\\begin{footnote}[6]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'Third \\sphinxfootnotemark[7]\n%\n\\end{footnote}%\n'
+            '\\begin{footnotetext}[7]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'Footnote inside footnote\n%\n'
+            '\\end{footnotetext}\\ignorespaces') in result
+    assert ('Fourth footnote: %\n\\begin{footnote}[8]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'Fourth\n%\n\\end{footnote}\n') in result
+    assert ('\\sphinxhref{http://sphinx-doc.org/~test/}{URL including tilde}'
+            '%\n\\begin{footnote}[5]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            '\\sphinxnolinkurl{http://sphinx-doc.org/~test/}\n%\n\\end{footnote}') in result
+    assert ('\\sphinxlineitem{\\sphinxhref{http://sphinx-doc.org/}'
+            '{URL in term}\\sphinxfootnotemark[10]}%\n'
+            '\\begin{footnotetext}[10]'
+            '\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            '\\sphinxnolinkurl{http://sphinx-doc.org/}\n%\n'
+            '\\end{footnotetext}\\ignorespaces \n\\sphinxAtStartPar\nDescription') in result
+    assert ('\\sphinxlineitem{Footnote in term \\sphinxfootnotemark[12]}%\n'
+            '\\begin{footnotetext}[12]'
+            '\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'Footnote in term\n%\n\\end{footnotetext}\\ignorespaces '
+            '\n\\sphinxAtStartPar\nDescription') in result
+    assert ('\\sphinxlineitem{\\sphinxhref{http://sphinx-doc.org/}{Term in deflist}'
+            '\\sphinxfootnotemark[11]}%\n'
+            '\\begin{footnotetext}[11]'
+            '\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            '\\sphinxnolinkurl{http://sphinx-doc.org/}\n%\n'
+            '\\end{footnotetext}\\ignorespaces \n\\sphinxAtStartPar\nDescription') in result
+    assert ('\\sphinxurl{https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx}\n' in result)
+    assert ('\\sphinxhref{mailto:sphinx-dev@googlegroups.com}'
+            '{sphinx\\sphinxhyphen{}dev@googlegroups.com}\n') in result
+    assert '\\begin{savenotes}\\begin{fulllineitems}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'latex', testroot='footnotes',
+    confoverrides={'latex_show_urls': 'no'})
+def test_latex_show_urls_is_no(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert ('Same footnote number %\n'
+            '\\begin{footnote}[1]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'footnote in bar\n%\n\\end{footnote} in bar.rst') in result
+    assert ('Auto footnote number %\n\\begin{footnote}[1]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'footnote in baz\n%\n\\end{footnote} in baz.rst') in result
+    assert ('\\phantomsection\\label{\\detokenize{index:id38}}'
+            '{\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:the-section-with-a-reference-to-authoryear}]'
+            '{\\sphinxcrossref{The section with a reference '
+            'to \\sphinxcite{index:authoryear}}}}') in result
+    assert ('\\phantomsection\\label{\\detokenize{index:id39}}'
+            '{\\hyperref[\\detokenize{index:the-section-with-a-reference-to}]'
+            '{\\sphinxcrossref{The section with a reference to }}}' in result)
+    assert ('First footnote: %\n\\begin{footnote}[2]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'First\n%\n\\end{footnote}') in result
+    assert ('Second footnote: %\n'
+            '\\begin{footnote}[1]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'Second\n%\n\\end{footnote}') in result
+    assert '\\sphinxhref{http://sphinx-doc.org/}{Sphinx}' in result
+    assert ('Third footnote: %\n\\begin{footnote}[3]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'Third \\sphinxfootnotemark[4]\n%\n\\end{footnote}%\n'
+            '\\begin{footnotetext}[4]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'Footnote inside footnote\n%\n\\end{footnotetext}\\ignorespaces') in result
+    assert ('Fourth footnote: %\n\\begin{footnote}[5]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'Fourth\n%\n\\end{footnote}\n') in result
+    assert '\\sphinxhref{http://sphinx-doc.org/~test/}{URL including tilde}' in result
+    assert ('\\sphinxlineitem{\\sphinxhref{http://sphinx-doc.org/}{URL in term}}\n'
+            '\\sphinxAtStartPar\nDescription') in result
+    assert ('\\sphinxlineitem{Footnote in term \\sphinxfootnotemark[7]}%\n'
+            '\\begin{footnotetext}[7]\\sphinxAtStartFootnote\n'
+            'Footnote in term\n%\n\\end{footnotetext}\\ignorespaces '
+            '\n\\sphinxAtStartPar\nDescription') in result
+    assert ('\\sphinxlineitem{\\sphinxhref{http://sphinx-doc.org/}{Term in deflist}}'
+            '\n\\sphinxAtStartPar\nDescription') in result
+    assert ('\\sphinxurl{https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx}\n' in result)
+    assert ('\\sphinxhref{mailto:sphinx-dev@googlegroups.com}'
+            '{sphinx\\sphinxhyphen{}dev@googlegroups.com}\n') in result
+    assert '\\begin{savenotes}\\begin{fulllineitems}' not in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'latex', testroot='footnotes',
+    confoverrides={'latex_show_urls': 'footnote',
+                   'rst_prolog': '.. |URL| replace:: `text <http://www.example.com/>`__'})
+def test_latex_show_urls_footnote_and_substitutions(app, status, warning):
+    # hyperlinks in substitutions should not effect to make footnotes (refs: #4784)
+    test_latex_show_urls_is_footnote(app, status, warning)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='image-in-section')
+def test_image_in_section(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert ('\\chapter[Test section]{\\lowercase{\\sphinxincludegraphics'
+            '[width=15bp,height=15bp]}{{pic}.png} Test section}'
+            in result)
+    assert ('\\chapter[Other {[}blah{]} section]{Other {[}blah{]} '
+            '\\lowercase{\\sphinxincludegraphics[width=15bp,height=15bp]}'
+            '{{pic}.png} section}' in result)
+    assert ('\\chapter{Another section}' in result)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='basic',
+                    confoverrides={'latex_logo': 'notfound.jpg'})
+def test_latex_logo_if_not_found(app, status, warning):
+    with pytest.raises(SphinxError):
+        app.builder.build_all()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='toctree-maxdepth')
+def test_toctree_maxdepth_manual(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert '\\setcounter{tocdepth}{1}' in result
+    assert '\\setcounter{secnumdepth}' not in result
+    assert '\\chapter{Foo}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'latex', testroot='toctree-maxdepth',
+    confoverrides={'latex_documents': [
+        ('index', 'python.tex', 'Sphinx Tests Documentation',
+         'Georg Brandl', 'howto'),
+    ]})
+def test_toctree_maxdepth_howto(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert '\\setcounter{tocdepth}{2}' in result
+    assert '\\setcounter{secnumdepth}' not in result
+    assert '\\section{Foo}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'latex', testroot='toctree-maxdepth',
+    confoverrides={'root_doc': 'foo'})
+def test_toctree_not_found(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert '\\setcounter{tocdepth}' not in result
+    assert '\\setcounter{secnumdepth}' not in result
+    assert '\\chapter{Foo A}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'latex', testroot='toctree-maxdepth',
+    confoverrides={'root_doc': 'bar'})
+def test_toctree_without_maxdepth(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert '\\setcounter{tocdepth}' not in result
+    assert '\\setcounter{secnumdepth}' not in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'latex', testroot='toctree-maxdepth',
+    confoverrides={'root_doc': 'qux'})
+def test_toctree_with_deeper_maxdepth(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert '\\setcounter{tocdepth}{3}' in result
+    assert '\\setcounter{secnumdepth}{3}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'latex', testroot='toctree-maxdepth',
+    confoverrides={'latex_toplevel_sectioning': None})
+def test_latex_toplevel_sectioning_is_None(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert '\\chapter{Foo}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'latex', testroot='toctree-maxdepth',
+    confoverrides={'latex_toplevel_sectioning': 'part'})
+def test_latex_toplevel_sectioning_is_part(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert '\\part{Foo}' in result
+    assert '\\chapter{Foo A}' in result
+    assert '\\chapter{Foo B}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'latex', testroot='toctree-maxdepth',
+    confoverrides={'latex_toplevel_sectioning': 'part',
+                   'latex_documents': [
+                       ('index', 'python.tex', 'Sphinx Tests Documentation',
+                        'Georg Brandl', 'howto'),
+                   ]})
+def test_latex_toplevel_sectioning_is_part_with_howto(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert '\\part{Foo}' in result
+    assert '\\section{Foo A}' in result
+    assert '\\section{Foo B}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'latex', testroot='toctree-maxdepth',
+    confoverrides={'latex_toplevel_sectioning': 'chapter'})
+def test_latex_toplevel_sectioning_is_chapter(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert '\\chapter{Foo}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'latex', testroot='toctree-maxdepth',
+    confoverrides={'latex_toplevel_sectioning': 'chapter',
+                   'latex_documents': [
+                       ('index', 'python.tex', 'Sphinx Tests Documentation',
+                        'Georg Brandl', 'howto'),
+                   ]})
+def test_latex_toplevel_sectioning_is_chapter_with_howto(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert '\\section{Foo}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'latex', testroot='toctree-maxdepth',
+    confoverrides={'latex_toplevel_sectioning': 'section'})
+def test_latex_toplevel_sectioning_is_section(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert '\\section{Foo}' in result
+
+
+@skip_if_stylefiles_notfound
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='maxlistdepth')
+def test_maxlistdepth_at_ten(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    compile_latex_document(app, 'python.tex')
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-table',
+                    confoverrides={'latex_table_style': []})
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='latex-table')
+def test_latex_table_tabulars(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    tables = {}
+    for chap in re.split(r'\\(?:section|chapter){', result)[1:]:
+        sectname, content = chap.split('}', 1)
+        content = re.sub(r'\\sphinxstepscope', '', content)  # filter a separator
+        tables[sectname] = content.strip()
+
+    def get_expected(name):
+        return (app.srcdir / 'expects' / (name + '.tex')).read_text(encoding='utf8').strip()
+
+    # simple_table
+    actual = tables['simple table']
+    expected = get_expected('simple_table')
+    assert actual == expected
+
+    # table having :widths: option
+    actual = tables['table having :widths: option']
+    expected = get_expected('table_having_widths')
+    assert actual == expected
+
+    # table having :align: option (tabulary)
+    actual = tables['table having :align: option (tabulary)']
+    expected = get_expected('tabulary_having_widths')
+    assert actual == expected
+
+    # table having :align: option (tabular)
+    actual = tables['table having :align: option (tabular)']
+    expected = get_expected('tabular_having_widths')
+    assert actual == expected
+
+    # table with tabularcolumn
+    actual = tables['table with tabularcolumn']
+    expected = get_expected('tabularcolumn')
+    assert actual == expected
+
+    # table with cell in first column having three paragraphs
+    actual = tables['table with cell in first column having three paragraphs']
+    expected = get_expected('table_having_threeparagraphs_cell_in_first_col')
+    assert actual == expected
+
+    # table having caption
+    actual = tables['table having caption']
+    expected = get_expected('table_having_caption')
+    assert actual == expected
+
+    # table having verbatim
+    actual = tables['table having verbatim']
+    expected = get_expected('table_having_verbatim')
+    assert actual == expected
+
+    # table having problematic cell
+    actual = tables['table having problematic cell']
+    expected = get_expected('table_having_problematic_cell')
+    assert actual == expected
+
+    # table having both :widths: and problematic cell
+    actual = tables['table having both :widths: and problematic cell']
+    expected = get_expected('table_having_widths_and_problematic_cell')
+    assert actual == expected
+
+    # table having both stub columns and problematic cell
+    actual = tables['table having both stub columns and problematic cell']
+    expected = get_expected('table_having_stub_columns_and_problematic_cell')
+    assert actual == expected
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-table',
+                    confoverrides={'latex_table_style': []})
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='latex-table')
+def test_latex_table_longtable(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    tables = {}
+    for chap in re.split(r'\\(?:section|chapter){', result)[1:]:
+        sectname, content = chap.split('}', 1)
+        content = re.sub(r'\\sphinxstepscope', '', content)  # filter a separator
+        tables[sectname] = content.strip()
+
+    def get_expected(name):
+        return (app.srcdir / 'expects' / (name + '.tex')).read_text(encoding='utf8').strip()
+
+    # longtable
+    actual = tables['longtable']
+    expected = get_expected('longtable')
+    assert actual == expected
+
+    # longtable having :widths: option
+    actual = tables['longtable having :widths: option']
+    expected = get_expected('longtable_having_widths')
+    assert actual == expected
+
+    # longtable having :align: option
+    actual = tables['longtable having :align: option']
+    expected = get_expected('longtable_having_align')
+    assert actual == expected
+
+    # longtable with tabularcolumn
+    actual = tables['longtable with tabularcolumn']
+    expected = get_expected('longtable_with_tabularcolumn')
+    assert actual == expected
+
+    # longtable having caption
+    actual = tables['longtable having caption']
+    expected = get_expected('longtable_having_caption')
+    assert actual == expected
+
+    # longtable having verbatim
+    actual = tables['longtable having verbatim']
+    expected = get_expected('longtable_having_verbatim')
+    assert actual == expected
+
+    # longtable having problematic cell
+    actual = tables['longtable having problematic cell']
+    expected = get_expected('longtable_having_problematic_cell')
+    assert actual == expected
+
+    # longtable having both :widths: and problematic cell
+    actual = tables['longtable having both :widths: and problematic cell']
+    expected = get_expected('longtable_having_widths_and_problematic_cell')
+    assert actual == expected
+
+    # longtable having both stub columns and problematic cell
+    actual = tables['longtable having both stub columns and problematic cell']
+    expected = get_expected('longtable_having_stub_columns_and_problematic_cell')
+    assert actual == expected
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-table',
+                    confoverrides={'latex_table_style': []})
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='latex-table')
+def test_latex_table_complex_tables(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    tables = {}
+    for chap in re.split(r'\\(?:section|renewcommand){', result)[1:]:
+        sectname, content = chap.split('}', 1)
+        tables[sectname] = content.strip()
+
+    def get_expected(name):
+        return (app.srcdir / 'expects' / (name + '.tex')).read_text(encoding='utf8').strip()
+
+    # grid table
+    actual = tables['grid table']
+    expected = get_expected('gridtable')
+    assert actual == expected
+
+    # grid table with tabularcolumns
+    # MEMO: filename should end with tabularcolumns but tabularcolumn has been
+    #       used in existing other cases
+    actual = tables['grid table with tabularcolumns having no vline']
+    expected = get_expected('gridtable_with_tabularcolumn')
+    assert actual == expected
+
+    # complex spanning cell
+    actual = tables['complex spanning cell']
+    expected = get_expected('complex_spanning_cell')
+    assert actual == expected
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-table')
+def test_latex_table_with_booktabs_and_colorrows(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert r'\PassOptionsToPackage{booktabs}{sphinx}' in result
+    assert r'\PassOptionsToPackage{colorrows}{sphinx}' in result
+    # tabularcolumns
+    assert r'\begin{longtable}{|c|c|}' in result
+    # class: standard
+    assert r'\begin{tabulary}{\linewidth}[t]{|T|T|T|T|T|}' in result
+    assert r'\begin{longtable}{ll}' in result
+    assert r'\begin{tabular}[t]{*{2}{\X{1}{2}}}' in result
+    assert r'\begin{tabular}[t]{\X{30}{100}\X{70}{100}}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-table',
+                    confoverrides={'templates_path': ['_mytemplates/latex']})
+def test_latex_table_custom_template_caseA(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert 'SALUT LES COPAINS' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-table',
+                    confoverrides={'templates_path': ['_mytemplates']})
+def test_latex_table_custom_template_caseB(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert 'SALUT LES COPAINS' not in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-table')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='latex-table')
+def test_latex_table_custom_template_caseC(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert 'SALUT LES COPAINS' not in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='directives-raw')
+def test_latex_raw_directive(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    # standard case
+    assert 'standalone raw directive (HTML)' not in result
+    assert ('\\label{\\detokenize{index:id1}}\n'
+            'standalone raw directive (LaTeX)' in result)
+
+    # with substitution
+    assert 'HTML: abc  ghi' in result
+    assert 'LaTeX: abc def ghi' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='images')
+def test_latex_images(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    # images are copied
+    assert '\\sphinxincludegraphics{{python-logo}.png}' in result
+    assert (app.outdir / 'python-logo.png').exists()
+
+    # not found images
+    assert '\\sphinxincludegraphics{{NOT_EXIST}.PNG}' not in result
+    assert ('WARNING: Could not fetch remote image: '
+            'https://www.google.com/NOT_EXIST.PNG [404]' in warning.getvalue())
+
+    # an image having target
+    assert ('\\sphinxhref{https://www.sphinx-doc.org/}'
+            '{\\sphinxincludegraphics{{rimg}.png}}\n\n' in result)
+
+    # a centerized image having target
+    assert ('\\sphinxhref{https://www.python.org/}{{\\hspace*{\\fill}'
+            '\\sphinxincludegraphics{{rimg}.png}\\hspace*{\\fill}}}\n\n' in result)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-index')
+def test_latex_index(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('A \\index{famous@\\spxentry{famous}}famous '
+            '\\index{equation@\\spxentry{equation}}equation:\n' in result)
+    assert ('\n\\index{Einstein@\\spxentry{Einstein}}'
+            '\\index{relativity@\\spxentry{relativity}}'
+            '\\ignorespaces \n\\sphinxAtStartPar\nand') in result
+    assert ('\n\\index{main \\sphinxleftcurlybrace{}@\\spxentry{'
+            'main \\sphinxleftcurlybrace{}}}\\ignorespaces ' in result)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-equations')
+def test_latex_equations(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    expected = (app.srcdir / 'expects' / 'latex-equations.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8').strip()
+
+    assert expected in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='image-in-parsed-literal')
+def test_latex_image_in_parsed_literal(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('{\\sphinxunactivateextrasandspace \\raisebox{-0.5\\height}'
+            '{\\sphinxincludegraphics[height=2.00000cm]{{pic}.png}}'
+            '}AFTER') in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='nested-enumerated-list')
+def test_latex_nested_enumerated_list(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('\\sphinxsetlistlabels{\\arabic}{enumi}{enumii}{}{.}%\n'
+            '\\setcounter{enumi}{4}\n' in result)
+    assert ('\\sphinxsetlistlabels{\\alph}{enumii}{enumiii}{}{.}%\n'
+            '\\setcounter{enumii}{3}\n' in result)
+    assert ('\\sphinxsetlistlabels{\\arabic}{enumiii}{enumiv}{}{)}%\n'
+            '\\setcounter{enumiii}{9}\n' in result)
+    assert ('\\sphinxsetlistlabels{\\arabic}{enumiv}{enumv}{(}{)}%\n'
+            '\\setcounter{enumiv}{23}\n' in result)
+    assert ('\\sphinxsetlistlabels{\\roman}{enumii}{enumiii}{}{.}%\n'
+            '\\setcounter{enumii}{2}\n' in result)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='footnotes')
+def test_latex_thebibliography(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    assert ('\\begin{sphinxthebibliography}{AuthorYe}\n'
+            '\\bibitem[AuthorYear]{index:authoryear}\n\\sphinxAtStartPar\n'
+            'Author, Title, Year\n'
+            '\\end{sphinxthebibliography}\n' in result)
+    assert '\\sphinxcite{index:authoryear}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='glossary')
+def test_latex_glossary(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert (r'\sphinxlineitem{ähnlich\index{ähnlich@\spxentry{ähnlich}|spxpagem}'
+            r'\phantomsection'
+            r'\label{\detokenize{index:term-ahnlich}}}' in result)
+    assert (r'\sphinxlineitem{boson\index{boson@\spxentry{boson}|spxpagem}\phantomsection'
+            r'\label{\detokenize{index:term-boson}}}' in result)
+    assert (r'\sphinxlineitem{\sphinxstyleemphasis{fermion}'
+            r'\index{fermion@\spxentry{fermion}|spxpagem}'
+            r'\phantomsection'
+            r'\label{\detokenize{index:term-fermion}}}' in result)
+    assert (r'\sphinxlineitem{tauon\index{tauon@\spxentry{tauon}|spxpagem}\phantomsection'
+            r'\label{\detokenize{index:term-tauon}}}'
+            r'\sphinxlineitem{myon\index{myon@\spxentry{myon}|spxpagem}\phantomsection'
+            r'\label{\detokenize{index:term-myon}}}'
+            r'\sphinxlineitem{electron\index{electron@\spxentry{electron}|spxpagem}\phantomsection'
+            r'\label{\detokenize{index:term-electron}}}' in result)
+    assert (r'\sphinxlineitem{über\index{über@\spxentry{über}|spxpagem}\phantomsection'
+            r'\label{\detokenize{index:term-uber}}}' in result)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-labels')
+def test_latex_labels(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    # figures
+    assert (r'\caption{labeled figure}'
+            r'\label{\detokenize{index:id1}}'
+            r'\label{\detokenize{index:figure2}}'
+            r'\label{\detokenize{index:figure1}}'
+            r'\end{figure}' in result)
+    assert (r'\caption{labeled figure}'
+            '\\label{\\detokenize{index:figure3}}\n'
+            '\\begin{sphinxlegend}\n\\sphinxAtStartPar\n'
+            'with a legend\n\\end{sphinxlegend}\n'
+            r'\end{figure}' in result)
+
+    # code-blocks
+    assert (r'\def\sphinxLiteralBlockLabel{'
+            r'\label{\detokenize{index:codeblock2}}'
+            r'\label{\detokenize{index:codeblock1}}}' in result)
+    assert (r'\def\sphinxLiteralBlockLabel{'
+            r'\label{\detokenize{index:codeblock3}}}' in result)
+
+    # tables
+    assert (r'\sphinxcaption{table caption}'
+            r'\label{\detokenize{index:id2}}'
+            r'\label{\detokenize{index:table2}}'
+            r'\label{\detokenize{index:table1}}' in result)
+    assert (r'\sphinxcaption{table caption}'
+            r'\label{\detokenize{index:table3}}' in result)
+
+    # sections
+    assert ('\\chapter{subsection}\n'
+            r'\label{\detokenize{index:subsection}}'
+            r'\label{\detokenize{index:section2}}'
+            r'\label{\detokenize{index:section1}}' in result)
+    assert ('\\section{subsubsection}\n'
+            r'\label{\detokenize{index:subsubsection}}'
+            r'\label{\detokenize{index:section3}}' in result)
+    assert ('\\subsection{otherdoc}\n'
+            r'\label{\detokenize{otherdoc:otherdoc}}'
+            r'\label{\detokenize{otherdoc::doc}}' in result)
+
+    # Embedded standalone hyperlink reference (refs: #5948)
+    assert result.count(r'\label{\detokenize{index:section1}}') == 1
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-figure-in-admonition')
+def test_latex_figure_in_admonition(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert r'\begin{figure}[H]' in result
+
+
+def test_default_latex_documents():
+    from sphinx.util import texescape
+    texescape.init()
+    config = Config({'root_doc': 'index',
+                     'project': 'STASI™ Documentation',
+                     'author': "Wolfgang Schäuble & G'Beckstein."})
+    config.init_values()
+    config.add('latex_engine', None, True, None)
+    config.add('latex_theme', 'manual', True, None)
+    expected = [('index', 'stasi.tex', 'STASI™ Documentation',
+                 r"Wolfgang Schäuble \& G\textquotesingle{}Beckstein.\@{}", 'manual')]
+    assert default_latex_documents(config) == expected
+
+
+@skip_if_requested
+@skip_if_stylefiles_notfound
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-includegraphics')
+def test_includegraphics_oversized(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    compile_latex_document(app)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='index_on_title')
+def test_index_on_title(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('\\chapter{Test for index in top level title}\n'
+            '\\label{\\detokenize{contents:test-for-index-in-top-level-title}}'
+            '\\index{index@\\spxentry{index}}\n'
+            in result)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-unicode',
+                    confoverrides={'latex_engine': 'pdflatex'})
+def test_texescape_for_non_unicode_supported_engine(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    assert 'script small e: e' in result
+    assert 'double struck italic small i: i' in result
+    assert r'superscript: \(\sp{\text{0}}\), \(\sp{\text{1}}\)' in result
+    assert r'subscript: \(\sb{\text{0}}\), \(\sb{\text{1}}\)' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-unicode',
+                    confoverrides={'latex_engine': 'xelatex'})
+def test_texescape_for_unicode_supported_engine(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(result)
+    assert 'script small e: e' in result
+    assert 'double struck italic small i: i' in result
+    assert 'superscript: ⁰, ¹' in result
+    assert 'subscript: ₀, ₁' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='basic',
+                    confoverrides={'latex_elements': {'extrapackages': r'\usepackage{foo}'}})
+def test_latex_elements_extrapackages(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'test.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert r'\usepackage{foo}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='nested-tables')
+def test_latex_nested_tables(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    assert warning.getvalue() == ''
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-container')
+def test_latex_container(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert r'\begin{sphinxuseclass}{classname}' in result
+    assert r'\end{sphinxuseclass}' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='reST-code-role')
+def test_latex_code_role(app):
+    app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    common_content = (
+        r'\PYG{k}{def} '
+        r'\PYG{n+nf}{foo}'
+        r'\PYG{p}{(}'
+        r'\PYG{l+m+mi}{1} '
+        r'\PYG{o}{+} '
+        r'\PYG{l+m+mi}{2} '
+        r'\PYG{o}{+} '
+        r'\PYG{k+kc}{None} '
+        r'\PYG{o}{+} '
+        r'\PYG{l+s+s2}{\PYGZdq{}}'
+        r'\PYG{l+s+s2}{abc}'
+        r'\PYG{l+s+s2}{\PYGZdq{}}'
+        r'\PYG{p}{)}'
+        r'\PYG{p}{:} '
+        r'\PYG{k}{pass}')
+    assert (r'Inline \sphinxcode{\sphinxupquote{%' + '\n' +
+            common_content + '%\n}} code block') in content
+    assert (r'\begin{sphinxVerbatim}[commandchars=\\\{\}]' +
+            '\n' + common_content + '\n' + r'\end{sphinxVerbatim}') in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='images')
+def test_copy_images(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+
+    test_dir = Path(app.outdir)
+    images = {
+        image.name for image in test_dir.rglob('*')
+        if image.suffix in {'.gif', '.pdf', '.png', '.svg'}
+    }
+    images.discard('python-logo.png')
+    assert images == {
+        'img.pdf',
+        'rimg.png',
+        'testimäge.png',
+    }
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='latex-labels-before-module')
+def test_duplicated_labels_before_module(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    content: str = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    def count_label(name):
+        text = r'\phantomsection\label{\detokenize{%s}}' % name
+        return content.count(text)
+
+    pattern = r'\\phantomsection\\label\{\\detokenize\{index:label-(?:auto-)?\d+[a-z]*}}'
+    # labels found in the TeX output
+    output_labels = frozenset(match.group() for match in re.finditer(pattern, content))
+    # labels that have been tested and occurring exactly once in the output
+    tested_labels = set()
+
+    # iterate over the (explicit) labels in the corresponding index.rst
+    for rst_label_name in [
+        'label_1a', 'label_1b', 'label_2', 'label_3',
+        'label_auto_1a', 'label_auto_1b', 'label_auto_2', 'label_auto_3',
+    ]:
+        tex_label_name = 'index:' + rst_label_name.replace('_', '-')
+        tex_label_code = r'\phantomsection\label{\detokenize{%s}}' % tex_label_name
+        assert content.count(tex_label_code) == 1, f'duplicated label: {tex_label_name!r}'
+        tested_labels.add(tex_label_code)
+
+    # ensure that we did not forget any label to check
+    # and if so, report them nicely in case of failure
+    assert sorted(tested_labels) == sorted(output_labels)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='domain-py-python_maximum_signature_line_length',
+                    confoverrides={'python_maximum_signature_line_length': 23})
+def test_one_parameter_per_line(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    # TODO: should these asserts check presence or absence of a final \sphinxparamcomma?
+    # signature of 23 characters is too short to trigger one-param-per-line mark-up
+    assert ('\\pysiglinewithargsret{\\sphinxbfcode{\\sphinxupquote{hello}}}' in result)
+
+    assert ('\\pysigwithonelineperarg{\\sphinxbfcode{\\sphinxupquote{foo}}}' in result)
diff --git a/tests/test_build_linkcheck.py b/tests/test_build_linkcheck.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..38a0bd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_build_linkcheck.py
@@ -0,0 +1,989 @@
+"""Test the build process with manpage builder with the test root."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import http.server
+import json
+import re
+import sys
+import textwrap
+import time
+import wsgiref.handlers
+from base64 import b64encode
+from os import path
+from queue import Queue
+from unittest import mock
+
+import pytest
+from urllib3.poolmanager import PoolManager
+
+import sphinx.util.http_date
+from sphinx.builders.linkcheck import (
+    CheckRequest,
+    Hyperlink,
+    HyperlinkAvailabilityCheckWorker,
+    RateLimit,
+)
+from sphinx.testing.util import strip_escseq
+from sphinx.util import requests
+from sphinx.util.console import strip_colors
+
+from .utils import CERT_FILE, http_server, https_server
+
+ts_re = re.compile(r".*\[(?P<ts>.*)\].*")
+SPHINX_DOCS_INDEX = path.abspath(path.join(__file__, "..", "roots", "test-linkcheck", "sphinx-docs-index.html"))
+
+
+class DefaultsHandler(http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
+    protocol_version = "HTTP/1.1"
+
+    def do_HEAD(self):
+        if self.path[1:].rstrip() in {"", "anchor.html"}:
+            self.send_response(200, "OK")
+            self.send_header("Content-Length", "0")
+            self.end_headers()
+        else:
+            self.send_response(404, "Not Found")
+            self.send_header("Content-Length", "0")
+            self.end_headers()
+
+    def do_GET(self):
+        if self.path[1:].rstrip() == "":
+            content = b"ok\n\n"
+        elif self.path[1:].rstrip() == "anchor.html":
+            doc = '<!DOCTYPE html><html><body><a id="found"></a></body></html>'
+            content = doc.encode("utf-8")
+        else:
+            content = b""
+
+        if content:
+            self.send_response(200, "OK")
+            self.send_header("Content-Length", str(len(content)))
+            self.end_headers()
+            self.wfile.write(content)
+        else:
+            self.send_response(404, "Not Found")
+            self.send_header("Content-Length", "0")
+            self.end_headers()
+
+
+class ConnectionMeasurement:
+    """Measure the number of distinct host connections created during linkchecking"""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.connections = set()
+        self.urllib3_connection_from_url = PoolManager.connection_from_url
+        self.patcher = mock.patch.object(
+            target=PoolManager,
+            attribute='connection_from_url',
+            new=self._collect_connections(),
+        )
+
+    def _collect_connections(self):
+        def connection_collector(obj, url):
+            connection = self.urllib3_connection_from_url(obj, url)
+            self.connections.add(connection)
+            return connection
+        return connection_collector
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        self.patcher.start()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        for connection in self.connections:
+            connection.close()
+        self.patcher.stop()
+
+    @property
+    def connection_count(self):
+        return len(self.connections)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck', freshenv=True)
+def test_defaults(app):
+    with http_server(DefaultsHandler):
+        with ConnectionMeasurement() as m:
+            app.build()
+        assert m.connection_count <= 5
+
+    # Text output
+    assert (app.outdir / 'output.txt').exists()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'output.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    # looking for '#top' and '#does-not-exist' not found should fail
+    assert "Anchor 'top' not found" in content
+    assert "Anchor 'does-not-exist' not found" in content
+    # images should fail
+    assert "Not Found for url: http://localhost:7777/image.png" in content
+    assert "Not Found for url: http://localhost:7777/image2.png" in content
+    # looking for local file should fail
+    assert "[broken] path/to/notfound" in content
+    assert len(content.splitlines()) == 5
+
+    # JSON output
+    assert (app.outdir / 'output.json').exists()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'output.json').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    rows = [json.loads(x) for x in content.splitlines()]
+    row = rows[0]
+    for attr in ("filename", "lineno", "status", "code", "uri", "info"):
+        assert attr in row
+
+    assert len(content.splitlines()) == 10
+    assert len(rows) == 10
+    # the output order of the rows is not stable
+    # due to possible variance in network latency
+    rowsby = {row["uri"]: row for row in rows}
+    assert rowsby["http://localhost:7777#!bar"] == {
+        'filename': 'links.rst',
+        'lineno': 5,
+        'status': 'working',
+        'code': 0,
+        'uri': 'http://localhost:7777#!bar',
+        'info': '',
+    }
+    assert rowsby['http://localhost:7777/image2.png'] == {
+        'filename': 'links.rst',
+        'lineno': 13,
+        'status': 'broken',
+        'code': 0,
+        'uri': 'http://localhost:7777/image2.png',
+        'info': '404 Client Error: Not Found for url: http://localhost:7777/image2.png',
+    }
+    # looking for '#top' and '#does-not-exist' not found should fail
+    assert rowsby["http://localhost:7777/#top"]["info"] == "Anchor 'top' not found"
+    assert rowsby["http://localhost:7777/#top"]["status"] == "broken"
+    assert rowsby["http://localhost:7777#does-not-exist"]["info"] == "Anchor 'does-not-exist' not found"
+    # images should fail
+    assert "Not Found for url: http://localhost:7777/image.png" in rowsby["http://localhost:7777/image.png"]["info"]
+    # anchor should be found
+    assert rowsby['http://localhost:7777/anchor.html#found'] == {
+        'filename': 'links.rst',
+        'lineno': 14,
+        'status': 'working',
+        'code': 0,
+        'uri': 'http://localhost:7777/anchor.html#found',
+        'info': '',
+    }
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck', freshenv=True,
+    confoverrides={'linkcheck_anchors': False})
+def test_check_link_response_only(app):
+    with http_server(DefaultsHandler):
+        app.build()
+
+    # JSON output
+    assert (app.outdir / 'output.json').exists()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'output.json').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    rows = [json.loads(x) for x in content.splitlines()]
+    rowsby = {row["uri"]: row for row in rows}
+    assert rowsby["http://localhost:7777/#top"]["status"] == "working"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-too-many-retries', freshenv=True)
+def test_too_many_retries(app):
+    with http_server(DefaultsHandler):
+        app.build()
+
+    # Text output
+    assert (app.outdir / 'output.txt').exists()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'output.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    # looking for non-existent URL should fail
+    assert " Max retries exceeded with url: /doesnotexist" in content
+
+    # JSON output
+    assert (app.outdir / 'output.json').exists()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'output.json').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    assert len(content.splitlines()) == 1
+    row = json.loads(content)
+    # the output order of the rows is not stable
+    # due to possible variance in network latency
+
+    # looking for non-existent URL should fail
+    assert row['filename'] == 'index.rst'
+    assert row['lineno'] == 1
+    assert row['status'] == 'broken'
+    assert row['code'] == 0
+    assert row['uri'] == 'https://localhost:7777/doesnotexist'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-raw-node', freshenv=True)
+def test_raw_node(app):
+    with http_server(OKHandler):
+        app.build()
+
+    # JSON output
+    assert (app.outdir / 'output.json').exists()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'output.json').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    assert len(content.splitlines()) == 1
+    row = json.loads(content)
+
+    # raw nodes' url should be checked too
+    assert row == {
+        'filename': 'index.rst',
+        'lineno': 1,
+        'status': 'working',
+        'code': 0,
+        'uri': 'http://localhost:7777/',
+        'info': '',
+    }
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-anchors-ignore', freshenv=True,
+    confoverrides={'linkcheck_anchors_ignore': ["^!", "^top$"]})
+def test_anchors_ignored(app):
+    with http_server(OKHandler):
+        app.build()
+
+    assert (app.outdir / 'output.txt').exists()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'output.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    # expect all ok when excluding #top
+    assert not content
+
+
+class AnchorsIgnoreForUrlHandler(http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
+    def do_HEAD(self):
+        if self.path in {'/valid', '/ignored'}:
+            self.send_response(200, "OK")
+        else:
+            self.send_response(404, "Not Found")
+        self.end_headers()
+
+    def do_GET(self):
+        self.do_HEAD()
+        if self.path == '/valid':
+            self.wfile.write(b"<h1 id='valid-anchor'>valid anchor</h1>\n")
+        elif self.path == '/ignored':
+            self.wfile.write(b"no anchor but page exists\n")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-anchors-ignore-for-url', freshenv=True,
+    confoverrides={'linkcheck_anchors_ignore_for_url': [
+        'http://localhost:7777/ignored',  # existing page
+        'http://localhost:7777/invalid',  # unknown page
+    ]})
+def test_anchors_ignored_for_url(app):
+    with http_server(AnchorsIgnoreForUrlHandler):
+        app.build()
+
+    assert (app.outdir / 'output.txt').exists()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'output.json').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    attrs = ('filename', 'lineno', 'status', 'code', 'uri', 'info')
+    data = [json.loads(x) for x in content.splitlines()]
+    assert len(data) == 7
+    assert all(all(attr in row for attr in attrs) for row in data)
+
+    # rows may be unsorted due to network latency or
+    # the order the threads are processing the links
+    rows = {r['uri']: {'status': r['status'], 'info': r['info']} for r in data}
+
+    assert rows['http://localhost:7777/valid']['status'] == 'working'
+    assert rows['http://localhost:7777/valid#valid-anchor']['status'] == 'working'
+    assert rows['http://localhost:7777/valid#invalid-anchor'] == {
+        'status': 'broken',
+        'info': "Anchor 'invalid-anchor' not found",
+    }
+
+    assert rows['http://localhost:7777/ignored']['status'] == 'working'
+    assert rows['http://localhost:7777/ignored#invalid-anchor']['status'] == 'working'
+
+    assert rows['http://localhost:7777/invalid'] == {
+        'status': 'broken',
+        'info': '404 Client Error: Not Found for url: http://localhost:7777/invalid',
+    }
+    assert rows['http://localhost:7777/invalid#anchor'] == {
+        'status': 'broken',
+        'info': '404 Client Error: Not Found for url: http://localhost:7777/invalid',
+    }
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver-anchor', freshenv=True)
+def test_raises_for_invalid_status(app):
+    class InternalServerErrorHandler(http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
+        protocol_version = "HTTP/1.1"
+
+        def do_GET(self):
+            self.send_error(500, "Internal Server Error")
+
+    with http_server(InternalServerErrorHandler):
+        app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'output.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert content == (
+        "index.rst:1: [broken] http://localhost:7777/#anchor: "
+        "500 Server Error: Internal Server Error "
+        "for url: http://localhost:7777/\n"
+    )
+
+
+def custom_handler(valid_credentials=(), success_criteria=lambda _: True):
+    """
+    Returns an HTTP request handler that authenticates the client and then determines
+    an appropriate HTTP response code, based on caller-provided credentials and optional
+    success criteria, respectively.
+    """
+    expected_token = None
+    if valid_credentials:
+        assert len(valid_credentials) == 2, "expected a pair of strings as credentials"
+        expected_token = b64encode(":".join(valid_credentials).encode()).decode("utf-8")
+        del valid_credentials
+
+    class CustomHandler(http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
+        protocol_version = "HTTP/1.1"
+
+        def authenticated(method):
+            def method_if_authenticated(self):
+                if (expected_token is None
+                        or self.headers["Authorization"] == f"Basic {expected_token}"):
+                    return method(self)
+                else:
+                    self.send_response(403, "Forbidden")
+                    self.send_header("Content-Length", "0")
+                    self.end_headers()
+
+            return method_if_authenticated
+
+        @authenticated
+        def do_HEAD(self):
+            self.do_GET()
+
+        @authenticated
+        def do_GET(self):
+            if success_criteria(self):
+                self.send_response(200, "OK")
+                self.send_header("Content-Length", "0")
+            else:
+                self.send_response(400, "Bad Request")
+                self.send_header("Content-Length", "0")
+            self.end_headers()
+
+    return CustomHandler
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver', freshenv=True,
+    confoverrides={'linkcheck_auth': [
+        (r'^$', ('no', 'match')),
+        (r'^http://localhost:7777/$', ('user1', 'password')),
+        (r'.*local.*', ('user2', 'hunter2')),
+    ]})
+def test_auth_header_uses_first_match(app):
+    with http_server(custom_handler(valid_credentials=("user1", "password"))):
+        app.build()
+
+    with open(app.outdir / "output.json", encoding="utf-8") as fp:
+        content = json.load(fp)
+
+    assert content["status"] == "working"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver', freshenv=True,
+    confoverrides={'linkcheck_auth': [(r'^$', ('user1', 'password'))]})
+def test_auth_header_no_match(app):
+    with http_server(custom_handler(valid_credentials=("user1", "password"))):
+        app.build()
+
+    with open(app.outdir / "output.json", encoding="utf-8") as fp:
+        content = json.load(fp)
+
+    # TODO: should this test's webserver return HTTP 401 here?
+    # https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/issues/11433
+    assert content["info"] == "403 Client Error: Forbidden for url: http://localhost:7777/"
+    assert content["status"] == "broken"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver', freshenv=True,
+    confoverrides={'linkcheck_request_headers': {
+        "http://localhost:7777/": {
+            "Accept": "text/html",
+        },
+        "*": {
+            "X-Secret": "open sesami",
+        },
+    }})
+def test_linkcheck_request_headers(app):
+    def check_headers(self):
+        if "X-Secret" in self.headers:
+            return False
+        if self.headers["Accept"] != "text/html":
+            return False
+        return True
+
+    with http_server(custom_handler(success_criteria=check_headers)):
+        app.build()
+
+    with open(app.outdir / "output.json", encoding="utf-8") as fp:
+        content = json.load(fp)
+
+    assert content["status"] == "working"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver', freshenv=True,
+    confoverrides={'linkcheck_request_headers': {
+        "http://localhost:7777": {"Accept": "application/json"},
+        "*": {"X-Secret": "open sesami"},
+    }})
+def test_linkcheck_request_headers_no_slash(app):
+    def check_headers(self):
+        if "X-Secret" in self.headers:
+            return False
+        if self.headers["Accept"] != "application/json":
+            return False
+        return True
+
+    with http_server(custom_handler(success_criteria=check_headers)):
+        app.build()
+
+    with open(app.outdir / "output.json", encoding="utf-8") as fp:
+        content = json.load(fp)
+
+    assert content["status"] == "working"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver', freshenv=True,
+    confoverrides={'linkcheck_request_headers': {
+        "http://do.not.match.org": {"Accept": "application/json"},
+        "*": {"X-Secret": "open sesami"},
+    }})
+def test_linkcheck_request_headers_default(app):
+    def check_headers(self):
+        if self.headers["X-Secret"] != "open sesami":
+            return False
+        if self.headers["Accept"] == "application/json":
+            return False
+        return True
+
+    with http_server(custom_handler(success_criteria=check_headers)):
+        app.build()
+
+    with open(app.outdir / "output.json", encoding="utf-8") as fp:
+        content = json.load(fp)
+
+    assert content["status"] == "working"
+
+
+def make_redirect_handler(*, support_head):
+    class RedirectOnceHandler(http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
+        protocol_version = "HTTP/1.1"
+
+        def do_HEAD(self):
+            if support_head:
+                self.do_GET()
+            else:
+                self.send_response(405, "Method Not Allowed")
+                self.send_header("Content-Length", "0")
+                self.end_headers()
+
+        def do_GET(self):
+            if self.path == "/?redirected=1":
+                self.send_response(204, "No content")
+            else:
+                self.send_response(302, "Found")
+                self.send_header("Location", "http://localhost:7777/?redirected=1")
+            self.send_header("Content-Length", "0")
+            self.end_headers()
+
+        def log_date_time_string(self):
+            """Strip date and time from logged messages for assertions."""
+            return ""
+
+    return RedirectOnceHandler
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver', freshenv=True)
+def test_follows_redirects_on_HEAD(app, capsys, warning):
+    with http_server(make_redirect_handler(support_head=True)):
+        app.build()
+    stdout, stderr = capsys.readouterr()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'output.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert content == (
+        "index.rst:1: [redirected with Found] "
+        "http://localhost:7777/ to http://localhost:7777/?redirected=1\n"
+    )
+    assert stderr == textwrap.dedent(
+        """\
+        127.0.0.1 - - [] "HEAD / HTTP/1.1" 302 -
+        127.0.0.1 - - [] "HEAD /?redirected=1 HTTP/1.1" 204 -
+        """,
+    )
+    assert warning.getvalue() == ''
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver', freshenv=True)
+def test_follows_redirects_on_GET(app, capsys, warning):
+    with http_server(make_redirect_handler(support_head=False)):
+        app.build()
+    stdout, stderr = capsys.readouterr()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'output.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert content == (
+        "index.rst:1: [redirected with Found] "
+        "http://localhost:7777/ to http://localhost:7777/?redirected=1\n"
+    )
+    assert stderr == textwrap.dedent(
+        """\
+        127.0.0.1 - - [] "HEAD / HTTP/1.1" 405 -
+        127.0.0.1 - - [] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 302 -
+        127.0.0.1 - - [] "GET /?redirected=1 HTTP/1.1" 204 -
+        """,
+    )
+    assert warning.getvalue() == ''
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver-warn-redirects',
+                    freshenv=True, confoverrides={
+                        'linkcheck_allowed_redirects': {'http://localhost:7777/.*1': '.*'},
+                    })
+def test_linkcheck_allowed_redirects(app, warning):
+    with http_server(make_redirect_handler(support_head=False)):
+        app.build()
+
+    with open(app.outdir / 'output.json', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
+        rows = [json.loads(l) for l in fp.readlines()]
+
+    assert len(rows) == 2
+    records = {row["uri"]: row for row in rows}
+    assert records["http://localhost:7777/path1"]["status"] == "working"
+    assert records["http://localhost:7777/path2"] == {
+        'filename': 'index.rst',
+        'lineno': 3,
+        'status': 'redirected',
+        'code': 302,
+        'uri': 'http://localhost:7777/path2',
+        'info': 'http://localhost:7777/?redirected=1',
+    }
+
+    assert ("index.rst:3: WARNING: redirect  http://localhost:7777/path2 - with Found to "
+            "http://localhost:7777/?redirected=1\n" in strip_escseq(warning.getvalue()))
+    assert len(warning.getvalue().splitlines()) == 1
+
+
+class OKHandler(http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
+    protocol_version = "HTTP/1.1"
+
+    def do_HEAD(self):
+        self.send_response(200, "OK")
+        self.send_header("Content-Length", "0")
+        self.end_headers()
+
+    def do_GET(self):
+        content = b"ok\n"
+        self.send_response(200, "OK")
+        self.send_header("Content-Length", str(len(content)))
+        self.end_headers()
+        self.wfile.write(content)
+
+
+@mock.patch("sphinx.builders.linkcheck.requests.get", wraps=requests.get)
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver-https', freshenv=True)
+def test_invalid_ssl(get_request, app):
+    # Link indicates SSL should be used (https) but the server does not handle it.
+    with http_server(OKHandler):
+        app.build()
+        assert not get_request.called
+
+    with open(app.outdir / 'output.json', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
+        content = json.load(fp)
+    assert content["status"] == "broken"
+    assert content["filename"] == "index.rst"
+    assert content["lineno"] == 1
+    assert content["uri"] == "https://localhost:7777/"
+    assert "SSLError" in content["info"]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver-https', freshenv=True)
+def test_connect_to_selfsigned_fails(app):
+    with https_server(OKHandler):
+        app.build()
+
+    with open(app.outdir / 'output.json', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
+        content = json.load(fp)
+    assert content["status"] == "broken"
+    assert content["filename"] == "index.rst"
+    assert content["lineno"] == 1
+    assert content["uri"] == "https://localhost:7777/"
+    assert "[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED]" in content["info"]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver-https', freshenv=True)
+def test_connect_to_selfsigned_with_tls_verify_false(app):
+    app.config.tls_verify = False
+    with https_server(OKHandler):
+        app.build()
+
+    with open(app.outdir / 'output.json', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
+        content = json.load(fp)
+    assert content == {
+        "code": 0,
+        "status": "working",
+        "filename": "index.rst",
+        "lineno": 1,
+        "uri": "https://localhost:7777/",
+        "info": "",
+    }
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver-https', freshenv=True)
+def test_connect_to_selfsigned_with_tls_cacerts(app):
+    app.config.tls_cacerts = CERT_FILE
+    with https_server(OKHandler):
+        app.build()
+
+    with open(app.outdir / 'output.json', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
+        content = json.load(fp)
+    assert content == {
+        "code": 0,
+        "status": "working",
+        "filename": "index.rst",
+        "lineno": 1,
+        "uri": "https://localhost:7777/",
+        "info": "",
+    }
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver-https', freshenv=True)
+def test_connect_to_selfsigned_with_requests_env_var(monkeypatch, app):
+    monkeypatch.setenv("REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE", CERT_FILE)
+    with https_server(OKHandler):
+        app.build()
+
+    with open(app.outdir / 'output.json', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
+        content = json.load(fp)
+    assert content == {
+        "code": 0,
+        "status": "working",
+        "filename": "index.rst",
+        "lineno": 1,
+        "uri": "https://localhost:7777/",
+        "info": "",
+    }
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver-https', freshenv=True)
+def test_connect_to_selfsigned_nonexistent_cert_file(app):
+    app.config.tls_cacerts = "does/not/exist"
+    with https_server(OKHandler):
+        app.build()
+
+    with open(app.outdir / 'output.json', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
+        content = json.load(fp)
+    assert content == {
+        "code": 0,
+        "status": "broken",
+        "filename": "index.rst",
+        "lineno": 1,
+        "uri": "https://localhost:7777/",
+        "info": "Could not find a suitable TLS CA certificate bundle, invalid path: does/not/exist",
+    }
+
+
+class InfiniteRedirectOnHeadHandler(http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
+    protocol_version = "HTTP/1.1"
+
+    def do_HEAD(self):
+        self.send_response(302, "Found")
+        self.send_header("Location", "http://localhost:7777/")
+        self.send_header("Content-Length", "0")
+        self.end_headers()
+
+    def do_GET(self):
+        content = b"ok\n"
+        self.send_response(200, "OK")
+        self.send_header("Content-Length", str(len(content)))
+        self.end_headers()
+        self.wfile.write(content)
+        self.close_connection = True  # we don't expect the client to read this response body
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver', freshenv=True)
+def test_TooManyRedirects_on_HEAD(app, monkeypatch):
+    import requests.sessions
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(requests.sessions, "DEFAULT_REDIRECT_LIMIT", 5)
+
+    with http_server(InfiniteRedirectOnHeadHandler):
+        app.build()
+
+    with open(app.outdir / 'output.json', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
+        content = json.load(fp)
+    assert content == {
+        "code": 0,
+        "status": "working",
+        "filename": "index.rst",
+        "lineno": 1,
+        "uri": "http://localhost:7777/",
+        "info": "",
+    }
+
+
+def make_retry_after_handler(responses):
+    class RetryAfterHandler(http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
+        protocol_version = "HTTP/1.1"
+
+        def do_HEAD(self):
+            status, retry_after = responses.pop(0)
+            self.send_response(status)
+            if retry_after:
+                self.send_header('Retry-After', retry_after)
+            self.send_header("Content-Length", "0")
+            self.end_headers()
+
+        def log_date_time_string(self):
+            """Strip date and time from logged messages for assertions."""
+            return ""
+
+    return RetryAfterHandler
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver', freshenv=True)
+def test_too_many_requests_retry_after_int_delay(app, capsys, status):
+    with http_server(make_retry_after_handler([(429, "0"), (200, None)])), \
+         mock.patch("sphinx.builders.linkcheck.DEFAULT_DELAY", 0), \
+         mock.patch("sphinx.builders.linkcheck.QUEUE_POLL_SECS", 0.01):
+        app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'output.json').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert json.loads(content) == {
+        "filename": "index.rst",
+        "lineno": 1,
+        "status": "working",
+        "code": 0,
+        "uri": "http://localhost:7777/",
+        "info": "",
+    }
+    rate_limit_log = "-rate limited-   http://localhost:7777/ | sleeping...\n"
+    assert rate_limit_log in strip_colors(status.getvalue())
+    _stdout, stderr = capsys.readouterr()
+    assert stderr == textwrap.dedent(
+        """\
+        127.0.0.1 - - [] "HEAD / HTTP/1.1" 429 -
+        127.0.0.1 - - [] "HEAD / HTTP/1.1" 200 -
+        """,
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('tz', [None, 'GMT', 'GMT+3', 'GMT-3'])
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver', freshenv=True)
+def test_too_many_requests_retry_after_HTTP_date(tz, app, monkeypatch, capsys):
+    retry_after = wsgiref.handlers.format_date_time(time.time())
+
+    with monkeypatch.context() as m:
+        if tz is not None:
+            m.setenv('TZ', tz)
+            if sys.platform != "win32":
+                time.tzset()
+            m.setattr(sphinx.util.http_date, '_GMT_OFFSET',
+                      float(time.localtime().tm_gmtoff))
+
+        with http_server(make_retry_after_handler([(429, retry_after), (200, None)])):
+            app.build()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'output.json').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert json.loads(content) == {
+        "filename": "index.rst",
+        "lineno": 1,
+        "status": "working",
+        "code": 0,
+        "uri": "http://localhost:7777/",
+        "info": "",
+    }
+    _stdout, stderr = capsys.readouterr()
+    assert stderr == textwrap.dedent(
+        """\
+        127.0.0.1 - - [] "HEAD / HTTP/1.1" 429 -
+        127.0.0.1 - - [] "HEAD / HTTP/1.1" 200 -
+        """,
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver', freshenv=True)
+def test_too_many_requests_retry_after_without_header(app, capsys):
+    with http_server(make_retry_after_handler([(429, None), (200, None)])), \
+         mock.patch("sphinx.builders.linkcheck.DEFAULT_DELAY", 0):
+        app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'output.json').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert json.loads(content) == {
+        "filename": "index.rst",
+        "lineno": 1,
+        "status": "working",
+        "code": 0,
+        "uri": "http://localhost:7777/",
+        "info": "",
+    }
+    _stdout, stderr = capsys.readouterr()
+    assert stderr == textwrap.dedent(
+        """\
+        127.0.0.1 - - [] "HEAD / HTTP/1.1" 429 -
+        127.0.0.1 - - [] "HEAD / HTTP/1.1" 200 -
+        """,
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver', freshenv=True)
+def test_too_many_requests_user_timeout(app):
+    app.config.linkcheck_rate_limit_timeout = 0.0
+    with http_server(make_retry_after_handler([(429, None)])):
+        app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'output.json').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert json.loads(content) == {
+        "filename": "index.rst",
+        "lineno": 1,
+        "status": "broken",
+        "code": 0,
+        "uri": "http://localhost:7777/",
+        "info": "429 Client Error: Too Many Requests for url: http://localhost:7777/",
+    }
+
+
+class FakeResponse:
+    headers: dict[str, str] = {}
+    url = "http://localhost/"
+
+
+def test_limit_rate_default_sleep(app):
+    worker = HyperlinkAvailabilityCheckWorker(app.config, Queue(), Queue(), {})
+    with mock.patch('time.time', return_value=0.0):
+        next_check = worker.limit_rate(FakeResponse.url, FakeResponse.headers.get("Retry-After"))
+    assert next_check == 60.0
+
+
+def test_limit_rate_user_max_delay(app):
+    app.config.linkcheck_rate_limit_timeout = 0.0
+    worker = HyperlinkAvailabilityCheckWorker(app.config, Queue(), Queue(), {})
+    next_check = worker.limit_rate(FakeResponse.url, FakeResponse.headers.get("Retry-After"))
+    assert next_check is None
+
+
+def test_limit_rate_doubles_previous_wait_time(app):
+    rate_limits = {"localhost": RateLimit(60.0, 0.0)}
+    worker = HyperlinkAvailabilityCheckWorker(app.config, Queue(), Queue(), rate_limits)
+    with mock.patch('time.time', return_value=0.0):
+        next_check = worker.limit_rate(FakeResponse.url, FakeResponse.headers.get("Retry-After"))
+    assert next_check == 120.0
+
+
+def test_limit_rate_clips_wait_time_to_max_time(app):
+    app.config.linkcheck_rate_limit_timeout = 90.0
+    rate_limits = {"localhost": RateLimit(60.0, 0.0)}
+    worker = HyperlinkAvailabilityCheckWorker(app.config, Queue(), Queue(), rate_limits)
+    with mock.patch('time.time', return_value=0.0):
+        next_check = worker.limit_rate(FakeResponse.url, FakeResponse.headers.get("Retry-After"))
+    assert next_check == 90.0
+
+
+def test_limit_rate_bails_out_after_waiting_max_time(app):
+    app.config.linkcheck_rate_limit_timeout = 90.0
+    rate_limits = {"localhost": RateLimit(90.0, 0.0)}
+    worker = HyperlinkAvailabilityCheckWorker(app.config, Queue(), Queue(), rate_limits)
+    next_check = worker.limit_rate(FakeResponse.url, FakeResponse.headers.get("Retry-After"))
+    assert next_check is None
+
+
+@mock.patch('sphinx.util.requests.requests.Session.get_adapter')
+def test_connection_contention(get_adapter, app, capsys):
+    # Create a shared, but limited-size, connection pool
+    import requests
+    get_adapter.return_value = requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter(pool_maxsize=1)
+
+    # Set an upper-bound on socket timeouts globally
+    import socket
+    socket.setdefaulttimeout(5)
+
+    # Place a workload into the linkcheck queue
+    link_count = 10
+    rqueue, wqueue = Queue(), Queue()
+    for _ in range(link_count):
+        wqueue.put(CheckRequest(0, Hyperlink("http://localhost:7777", "test", "test.rst", 1)))
+
+    # Create parallel consumer threads
+    with http_server(make_redirect_handler(support_head=True)):
+        begin, checked = time.time(), []
+        threads = [
+            HyperlinkAvailabilityCheckWorker(
+                config=app.config,
+                rqueue=rqueue,
+                wqueue=wqueue,
+                rate_limits={},
+            )
+            for _ in range(10)
+        ]
+        for thread in threads:
+            thread.start()
+        while time.time() < begin + 5 and len(checked) < link_count:
+            checked.append(rqueue.get(timeout=5))
+        for thread in threads:
+            thread.join(timeout=0)
+
+    # Ensure that all items were consumed within the time limit
+    _, stderr = capsys.readouterr()
+    assert len(checked) == link_count
+    assert "TimeoutError" not in stderr
+
+
+class ConnectionResetHandler(http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
+    protocol_version = "HTTP/1.1"
+
+    def do_HEAD(self):
+        self.close_connection = True
+
+    def do_GET(self):
+        self.send_response(200, "OK")
+        self.send_header("Content-Length", "0")
+        self.end_headers()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-localserver', freshenv=True)
+def test_get_after_head_raises_connection_error(app):
+    with http_server(ConnectionResetHandler):
+        app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'output.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert not content
+    content = (app.outdir / 'output.json').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert json.loads(content) == {
+        "filename": "index.rst",
+        "lineno": 1,
+        "status": "working",
+        "code": 0,
+        "uri": "http://localhost:7777/",
+        "info": "",
+    }
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('linkcheck', testroot='linkcheck-documents_exclude', freshenv=True)
+def test_linkcheck_exclude_documents(app):
+    with http_server(DefaultsHandler):
+        app.build()
+
+    with open(app.outdir / 'output.json', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
+        content = [json.loads(record) for record in fp]
+
+    assert content == [
+        {
+            'filename': 'broken_link.rst',
+            'lineno': 4,
+            'status': 'ignored',
+            'code': 0,
+            'uri': 'https://www.sphinx-doc.org/this-is-a-broken-link',
+            'info': 'broken_link matched ^broken_link$ from linkcheck_exclude_documents',
+        },
+        {
+            'filename': 'br0ken_link.rst',
+            'lineno': 4,
+            'status': 'ignored',
+            'code': 0,
+            'uri': 'https://www.sphinx-doc.org/this-is-another-broken-link',
+            'info': 'br0ken_link matched br[0-9]ken_link from linkcheck_exclude_documents',
+        },
+    ]
diff --git a/tests/test_build_manpage.py b/tests/test_build_manpage.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e765644
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_build_manpage.py
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+"""Test the build process with manpage builder with the test root."""
+
+import docutils
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx.builders.manpage import default_man_pages
+from sphinx.config import Config
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('man')
+def test_all(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    assert (app.outdir / 'sphinxtests.1').exists()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'sphinxtests.1').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert r'\fBprint \fP\fIi\fP\fB\en\fP' in content
+    assert r'\fBmanpage\en\fP' in content
+
+    # heading (title + description)
+    assert r'sphinxtests \- Sphinx <Tests> 0.6alpha1' in content
+
+    # term of definition list including nodes.strong
+    assert '\n.B term1\n' in content
+    assert '\nterm2 (\\fBstronged partially\\fP)\n' in content
+
+    # test samp with braces
+    assert '\n\\fIvariable_only\\fP\n' in content
+    assert '\n\\fIvariable\\fP\\fB and text\\fP\n' in content
+    assert '\n\\fBShow \\fP\\fIvariable\\fP\\fB in the middle\\fP\n' in content
+
+    assert 'Footnotes' not in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('man', testroot='basic',
+                    confoverrides={'man_pages': [('index', 'title', None, [], 1)]})
+def test_man_pages_empty_description(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'title.1').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert r'title \-' not in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('man', testroot='basic',
+                    confoverrides={'man_make_section_directory': True})
+def test_man_make_section_directory(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    assert (app.outdir / 'man1' / 'python.1').exists()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('man', testroot='directive-code')
+def test_captioned_code_block(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'python.1').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    if docutils.__version_info__[:2] < (0, 21):
+        expected = """\
+.sp
+caption \\fItest\\fP rb
+.INDENT 0.0
+.INDENT 3.5
+.sp
+.nf
+.ft C
+def ruby?
+    false
+end
+.ft P
+.fi
+.UNINDENT
+.UNINDENT
+"""
+    else:
+        expected = """\
+.sp
+caption \\fItest\\fP rb
+.INDENT 0.0
+.INDENT 3.5
+.sp
+.EX
+def ruby?
+    false
+end
+.EE
+.UNINDENT
+.UNINDENT
+"""
+
+    assert expected in content
+
+
+def test_default_man_pages():
+    config = Config({'project': 'STASI™ Documentation',
+                     'author': "Wolfgang Schäuble & G'Beckstein",
+                     'release': '1.0'})
+    config.init_values()
+    expected = [('index', 'stasi', 'STASI™ Documentation 1.0',
+                 ["Wolfgang Schäuble & G'Beckstein"], 1)]
+    assert default_man_pages(config) == expected
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('man', testroot='markup-rubric')
+def test_rubric(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'python.1').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert 'This is a rubric\n' in content
diff --git a/tests/test_build_texinfo.py b/tests/test_build_texinfo.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9964382
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_build_texinfo.py
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+"""Test the build process with Texinfo builder with the test root."""
+
+import os
+import re
+import subprocess
+from pathlib import Path
+from subprocess import CalledProcessError
+from unittest.mock import Mock
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx.builders.texinfo import default_texinfo_documents
+from sphinx.config import Config
+from sphinx.testing.util import strip_escseq
+from sphinx.util.docutils import new_document
+from sphinx.writers.texinfo import TexinfoTranslator
+
+from .test_build_html import ENV_WARNINGS
+
+TEXINFO_WARNINGS = ENV_WARNINGS + """\
+%(root)s/index.rst:\\d+: WARNING: unknown option: '&option'
+%(root)s/index.rst:\\d+: WARNING: citation not found: missing
+%(root)s/index.rst:\\d+: WARNING: a suitable image for texinfo builder not found: foo.\\*
+%(root)s/index.rst:\\d+: WARNING: a suitable image for texinfo builder not found: \
+\\['application/pdf', 'image/svg\\+xml'\\] \\(svgimg.\\*\\)
+"""
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('texinfo', testroot='warnings', freshenv=True)
+def test_texinfo_warnings(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    warnings = strip_escseq(re.sub(re.escape(os.sep) + '{1,2}', '/', warning.getvalue()))
+    warnings_exp = TEXINFO_WARNINGS % {
+        'root': re.escape(app.srcdir.as_posix())}
+    assert re.match(warnings_exp + '$', warnings), \
+        "Warnings don't match:\n" + \
+        '--- Expected (regex):\n' + warnings_exp + \
+        '--- Got:\n' + warnings
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('texinfo')
+def test_texinfo(app, status, warning):
+    TexinfoTranslator.ignore_missing_images = True
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'sphinxtests.texi').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('@anchor{markup doc}@anchor{11}'
+            '@anchor{markup id1}@anchor{12}'
+            '@anchor{markup testing-various-markup}@anchor{13}' in result)
+    assert 'Footnotes' not in result
+    # now, try to run makeinfo over it
+    try:
+        args = ['makeinfo', '--no-split', 'sphinxtests.texi']
+        subprocess.run(args, capture_output=True, cwd=app.outdir, check=True)
+    except OSError as exc:
+        raise pytest.skip.Exception from exc  # most likely makeinfo was not found
+    except CalledProcessError as exc:
+        print(exc.stdout)
+        print(exc.stderr)
+        msg = f'makeinfo exited with return code {exc.retcode}'
+        raise AssertionError(msg) from exc
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('texinfo', testroot='markup-rubric')
+def test_texinfo_rubric(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+
+    output = (app.outdir / 'python.texi').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '@heading This is a rubric' in output
+    assert '@heading This is a multiline rubric' in output
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('texinfo', testroot='markup-citation')
+def test_texinfo_citation(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    output = (app.outdir / 'python.texi').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert 'This is a citation ref; @ref{1,,[CITE1]} and @ref{2,,[CITE2]}.' in output
+    assert ('@anchor{index cite1}@anchor{1}@w{(CITE1)} \n'
+            'This is a citation\n') in output
+    assert ('@anchor{index cite2}@anchor{2}@w{(CITE2)} \n'
+            'This is a multiline citation\n') in output
+
+
+def test_default_texinfo_documents():
+    config = Config({'project': 'STASI™ Documentation',
+                     'author': "Wolfgang Schäuble & G'Beckstein"})
+    config.init_values()
+    expected = [('index', 'stasi', 'STASI™ Documentation',
+                 "Wolfgang Schäuble & G'Beckstein", 'stasi',
+                 'One line description of project', 'Miscellaneous')]
+    assert default_texinfo_documents(config) == expected
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('texinfo')
+def test_texinfo_escape_id(app, status, warning):
+    settings = Mock(title='',
+                    texinfo_dir_entry='',
+                    texinfo_elements={})
+    document = new_document('', settings)
+    translator = app.builder.create_translator(document, app.builder)
+
+    assert translator.escape_id('Hello world') == 'Hello world'
+    assert translator.escape_id('Hello    world') == 'Hello world'
+    assert translator.escape_id('Hello   Sphinx   world') == 'Hello Sphinx world'
+    assert translator.escape_id('Hello:world') == 'Hello world'
+    assert translator.escape_id('Hello(world)') == 'Hello world'
+    assert translator.escape_id('Hello world.') == 'Hello world'
+    assert translator.escape_id('.') == '.'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('texinfo', testroot='footnotes')
+def test_texinfo_footnote(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    output = (app.outdir / 'python.texi').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert 'First footnote: @footnote{\nFirst\n}' in output
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('texinfo')
+def test_texinfo_xrefs(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    output = (app.outdir / 'sphinxtests.texi').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert re.search(r'@ref{\w+,,--plugin\.option}', output)
+
+    # Now rebuild it without xrefs
+    app.config.texinfo_cross_references = False
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    output = (app.outdir / 'sphinxtests.texi').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert not re.search(r'@ref{\w+,,--plugin\.option}', output)
+    assert 'Link to perl +p, --ObjC++, --plugin.option, create-auth-token, arg and -j' in output
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('texinfo', testroot='root')
+def test_texinfo_samp_with_variable(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+
+    output = (app.outdir / 'sphinxtests.texi').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    assert '@code{@var{variable_only}}' in output
+    assert '@code{@var{variable} and text}' in output
+    assert '@code{Show @var{variable} in the middle}' in output
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('texinfo', testroot='images')
+def test_copy_images(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+
+    images_dir = Path(app.outdir) / 'python-figures'
+    images = {image.name for image in images_dir.rglob('*')}
+    images.discard('python-logo.png')
+    assert images == {
+        'img.png',
+        'rimg.png',
+        'testimäge.png',
+    }
diff --git a/tests/test_build_text.py b/tests/test_build_text.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a53be3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_build_text.py
@@ -0,0 +1,278 @@
+"""Test the build process with Text builder with the test root."""
+
+import pytest
+from docutils.utils import column_width
+
+from sphinx.writers.text import MAXWIDTH, Cell, Table
+
+
+def with_text_app(*args, **kw):
+    default_kw = {
+        'buildername': 'text',
+        'testroot': 'build-text',
+    }
+    default_kw.update(kw)
+    return pytest.mark.sphinx(*args, **default_kw)
+
+
+@with_text_app()
+def test_maxwitdh_with_prefix(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_update()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'maxwidth.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    lines = result.splitlines()
+    line_widths = [column_width(line) for line in lines]
+    assert max(line_widths) < MAXWIDTH
+    assert lines[0].startswith('See also:')
+    assert lines[1].startswith('')
+    assert lines[2].startswith('  ham')
+    assert lines[3].startswith('  ham')
+    assert lines[4] == ''
+    assert lines[5].startswith('* ham')
+    assert lines[6].startswith('  ham')
+    assert lines[7] == ''
+    assert lines[8].startswith('* ham')
+    assert lines[9].startswith('  ham')
+    assert lines[10] == ''
+    assert lines[11].startswith('spam egg')
+
+
+@with_text_app()
+def test_lineblock(app, status, warning):
+    # regression test for #1109: need empty line after line block
+    app.builder.build_update()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'lineblock.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    expect = (
+        "* one\n"
+        "\n"
+        "     line-block 1\n"
+        "     line-block 2\n"
+        "\n"
+        "followed paragraph.\n"
+    )
+    assert result == expect
+
+
+@with_text_app()
+def test_nonascii_title_line(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_update()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'nonascii_title.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    expect_underline = '*********'
+    result_underline = result.splitlines()[1].strip()
+    assert expect_underline == result_underline
+
+
+@with_text_app()
+def test_nonascii_table(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_update()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'nonascii_table.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    lines = [line.strip() for line in result.splitlines() if line.strip()]
+    line_widths = [column_width(line) for line in lines]
+    assert len(set(line_widths)) == 1  # same widths
+
+
+@with_text_app()
+def test_nonascii_maxwidth(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_update()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'nonascii_maxwidth.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    lines = [line.strip() for line in result.splitlines() if line.strip()]
+    line_widths = [column_width(line) for line in lines]
+    assert max(line_widths) < MAXWIDTH
+
+
+def test_table_builder():
+    table = Table([6, 6])
+    table.add_cell(Cell("foo"))
+    table.add_cell(Cell("bar"))
+    table_str = str(table).split("\n")
+    assert table_str[0] == "+--------+--------+"
+    assert table_str[1] == "| foo    | bar    |"
+    assert table_str[2] == "+--------+--------+"
+    assert repr(table).count("<Cell ") == 2
+
+
+def test_table_separator():
+    table = Table([6, 6])
+    table.add_cell(Cell("foo"))
+    table.add_cell(Cell("bar"))
+    table.set_separator()
+    table.add_row()
+    table.add_cell(Cell("FOO"))
+    table.add_cell(Cell("BAR"))
+    table_str = str(table).split("\n")
+    assert table_str[0] == "+--------+--------+"
+    assert table_str[1] == "| foo    | bar    |"
+    assert table_str[2] == "|========|========|"
+    assert table_str[3] == "| FOO    | BAR    |"
+    assert table_str[4] == "+--------+--------+"
+    assert repr(table).count("<Cell ") == 4
+
+
+def test_table_cell():
+    cell = Cell("Foo bar baz")
+    cell.wrap(3)
+    assert "Cell" in repr(cell)
+    assert cell.wrapped == ["Foo", "bar", "baz"]
+
+
+@with_text_app()
+def test_table_with_empty_cell(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_update()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'table.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    lines = [line.strip() for line in result.splitlines() if line.strip()]
+    assert lines[0] == "+-------+-------+"
+    assert lines[1] == "| XXX   | XXX   |"
+    assert lines[2] == "+-------+-------+"
+    assert lines[3] == "|       | XXX   |"
+    assert lines[4] == "+-------+-------+"
+    assert lines[5] == "| XXX   |       |"
+    assert lines[6] == "+-------+-------+"
+
+
+@with_text_app()
+def test_table_with_rowspan(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_update()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'table_rowspan.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    lines = [line.strip() for line in result.splitlines() if line.strip()]
+    assert lines[0] == "+-------+-------+"
+    assert lines[1] == "| XXXXXXXXX     |"
+    assert lines[2] == "+-------+-------+"
+    assert lines[3] == "|       | XXX   |"
+    assert lines[4] == "+-------+-------+"
+    assert lines[5] == "| XXX   |       |"
+    assert lines[6] == "+-------+-------+"
+
+
+@with_text_app()
+def test_table_with_colspan(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_update()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'table_colspan.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    lines = [line.strip() for line in result.splitlines() if line.strip()]
+    assert lines[0] == "+-------+-------+"
+    assert lines[1] == "| XXX   | XXX   |"
+    assert lines[2] == "+-------+-------+"
+    assert lines[3] == "|       | XXX   |"
+    assert lines[4] == "+-------+       |"
+    assert lines[5] == "| XXX   |       |"
+    assert lines[6] == "+-------+-------+"
+
+
+@with_text_app()
+def test_table_with_colspan_left(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_update()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'table_colspan_left.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    lines = [line.strip() for line in result.splitlines() if line.strip()]
+    assert lines[0] == "+-------+-------+"
+    assert lines[1] == "| XXX   | XXX   |"
+    assert lines[2] == "+-------+-------+"
+    assert lines[3] == "| XXX   | XXX   |"
+    assert lines[4] == "|       +-------+"
+    assert lines[5] == "|       |       |"
+    assert lines[6] == "+-------+-------+"
+
+
+@with_text_app()
+def test_table_with_colspan_and_rowspan(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_update()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'table_colspan_and_rowspan.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    lines = [line.strip() for line in result.splitlines() if line.strip()]
+    assert result
+    assert lines[0] == "+-------+-------+-------+"
+    assert lines[1] == "| AAA           | BBB   |"
+    assert lines[2] == "+-------+-------+       |"
+    assert lines[3] == "| DDD   | XXX   |       |"
+    assert lines[4] == "|       +-------+-------+"
+    assert lines[5] == "|       | CCC           |"
+    assert lines[6] == "+-------+-------+-------+"
+
+
+@with_text_app()
+def test_list_items_in_admonition(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_update()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'listitems.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    lines = [line.rstrip() for line in result.splitlines()]
+    assert lines[0] == "See also:"
+    assert lines[1] == ""
+    assert lines[2] == "  * item 1"
+    assert lines[3] == ""
+    assert lines[4] == "  * item 2"
+
+
+@with_text_app()
+def test_secnums(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    index = (app.outdir / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    lines = index.splitlines()
+    assert lines[0] == "* 1. Section A"
+    assert lines[1] == ""
+    assert lines[2] == "* 2. Section B"
+    assert lines[3] == ""
+    assert lines[4] == "  * 2.1. Sub Ba"
+    assert lines[5] == ""
+    assert lines[6] == "  * 2.2. Sub Bb"
+    doc2 = (app.outdir / 'doc2.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    expect = (
+        "2. Section B\n"
+        "************\n"
+        "\n"
+        "\n"
+        "2.1. Sub Ba\n"
+        "===========\n"
+        "\n"
+        "\n"
+        "2.2. Sub Bb\n"
+        "===========\n"
+    )
+    assert doc2 == expect
+
+    app.config.text_secnumber_suffix = " "
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    index = (app.outdir / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    lines = index.splitlines()
+    assert lines[0] == "* 1 Section A"
+    assert lines[1] == ""
+    assert lines[2] == "* 2 Section B"
+    assert lines[3] == ""
+    assert lines[4] == "  * 2.1 Sub Ba"
+    assert lines[5] == ""
+    assert lines[6] == "  * 2.2 Sub Bb"
+    doc2 = (app.outdir / 'doc2.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    expect = (
+        "2 Section B\n"
+        "***********\n"
+        "\n"
+        "\n"
+        "2.1 Sub Ba\n"
+        "==========\n"
+        "\n"
+        "\n"
+        "2.2 Sub Bb\n"
+        "==========\n"
+    )
+    assert doc2 == expect
+
+    app.config.text_add_secnumbers = False
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    index = (app.outdir / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    lines = index.splitlines()
+    assert lines[0] == "* Section A"
+    assert lines[1] == ""
+    assert lines[2] == "* Section B"
+    assert lines[3] == ""
+    assert lines[4] == "  * Sub Ba"
+    assert lines[5] == ""
+    assert lines[6] == "  * Sub Bb"
+    doc2 = (app.outdir / 'doc2.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    expect = (
+        "Section B\n"
+        "*********\n"
+        "\n"
+        "\n"
+        "Sub Ba\n"
+        "======\n"
+        "\n"
+        "\n"
+        "Sub Bb\n"
+        "======\n"
+    )
+    assert doc2 == expect
diff --git a/tests/test_builder.py b/tests/test_builder.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1ff8aea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_builder.py
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+"""Test the Builder class."""
+import pytest
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', srcdir="test_builder", freshenv=True)
+def test_incremental_reading(app):
+    # first reading
+    updated = app.builder.read()
+    assert set(updated) == app.env.found_docs == set(app.env.all_docs)
+    assert updated == sorted(updated)  # sorted by alphanumeric
+
+    # test if exclude_patterns works ok
+    assert 'subdir/excluded' not in app.env.found_docs
+
+    # before second reading, add, modify and remove source files
+    (app.srcdir / 'new.txt').write_text('New file\n========\n', encoding='utf8')
+    app.env.all_docs['index'] = 0  # mark as modified
+    (app.srcdir / 'autodoc.txt').unlink()
+
+    # second reading
+    updated = app.builder.read()
+
+    assert set(updated) == {'index', 'new'}
+    assert 'autodoc' not in app.env.all_docs
+    assert 'autodoc' not in app.env.found_docs
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='warnings', freshenv=True)
+def test_incremental_reading_for_missing_files(app):
+    # first reading
+    updated = app.builder.read()
+    assert set(updated) == app.env.found_docs == set(app.env.all_docs)
+
+    # second reading
+    updated = app.builder.read()
+
+    # "index" is listed up to updated because it contains references
+    # to nonexisting downloadable or image files
+    assert set(updated) == {'index'}
diff --git a/tests/test_catalogs.py b/tests/test_catalogs.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b7fd7be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_catalogs.py
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+"""Test the base build process."""
+import shutil
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def _setup_test(app_params):
+    assert isinstance(app_params.kwargs['srcdir'], Path)
+    srcdir = app_params.kwargs['srcdir']
+    src_locale_dir = srcdir / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES'
+    dest_locale_dir = srcdir / 'locale'
+    # copy all catalogs into locale layout directory
+    for po in src_locale_dir.rglob('*.po'):
+        copy_po = (dest_locale_dir / 'en' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / po.relative_to(src_locale_dir))
+        if not copy_po.parent.exists():
+            copy_po.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        shutil.copy(po, copy_po)
+
+    yield
+
+    # delete remnants left over after failed build
+    shutil.rmtree(dest_locale_dir, ignore_errors=True)
+    shutil.rmtree(srcdir / '_build', ignore_errors=True)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures('_setup_test')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test-catalogs')
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'html', testroot='intl',
+    confoverrides={'language': 'en', 'locale_dirs': ['./locale']})
+def test_compile_all_catalogs(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.compile_all_catalogs()
+
+    locale_dir = app.srcdir / 'locale'
+    catalog_dir = locale_dir / app.config.language / 'LC_MESSAGES'
+    expect = {x.with_suffix('.mo') for x in catalog_dir.rglob('*.po')}
+    actual = set(catalog_dir.rglob('*.mo'))
+    assert actual  # not empty
+    assert actual == expect
+
+
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures('_setup_test')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test-catalogs')
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'html', testroot='intl',
+    confoverrides={'language': 'en', 'locale_dirs': ['./locale']})
+def test_compile_specific_catalogs(app, status, warning):
+    locale_dir = app.srcdir / 'locale'
+    catalog_dir = locale_dir / app.config.language / 'LC_MESSAGES'
+
+    actual_on_boot = set(catalog_dir.rglob('*.mo'))  # sphinx.mo might be included
+    app.builder.compile_specific_catalogs([app.srcdir / 'admonitions.txt'])
+    actual = {str(x.relative_to(catalog_dir))
+              for x in catalog_dir.rglob('*.mo')
+              if x not in actual_on_boot}
+    assert actual == {'admonitions.mo'}
+
+
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures('_setup_test')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test-catalogs')
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'html', testroot='intl',
+    confoverrides={'language': 'en', 'locale_dirs': ['./locale']})
+def test_compile_update_catalogs(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.compile_update_catalogs()
+
+    locale_dir = app.srcdir / 'locale'
+    catalog_dir = locale_dir / app.config.language / 'LC_MESSAGES'
+    expect = {x.with_suffix('.mo') for x in set(catalog_dir.rglob('*.po'))}
+    actual = set(catalog_dir.rglob('*.mo'))
+    assert actual  # not empty
+    assert actual == expect
diff --git a/tests/test_config.py b/tests/test_config.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0be0a58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_config.py
@@ -0,0 +1,517 @@
+"""Test the sphinx.config.Config class."""
+
+import time
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest import mock
+
+import pytest
+
+import sphinx
+from sphinx.config import ENUM, Config, check_confval_types
+from sphinx.errors import ConfigError, ExtensionError, VersionRequirementError
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='config', confoverrides={
+    'root_doc': 'root',
+    'nonexisting_value': 'True',
+    'latex_elements.maketitle': 'blah blah blah',
+    'modindex_common_prefix': 'path1,path2'})
+def test_core_config(app, status, warning):
+    cfg = app.config
+
+    # simple values
+    assert 'project' in cfg.__dict__
+    assert cfg.project == 'Sphinx <Tests>'
+    assert cfg.templates_path == ['_templates']
+
+    # overrides
+    assert cfg.root_doc == 'root'
+    assert cfg.latex_elements['maketitle'] == 'blah blah blah'
+    assert cfg.modindex_common_prefix == ['path1', 'path2']
+
+    # simple default values
+    assert 'locale_dirs' not in cfg.__dict__
+    assert cfg.locale_dirs == ['locales']
+    assert cfg.trim_footnote_reference_space is False
+
+    # complex default values
+    assert 'html_title' not in cfg.__dict__
+    assert cfg.html_title == 'Sphinx <Tests> 0.6alpha1 documentation'
+
+    # complex default values mustn't raise
+    for valuename in cfg.config_values:
+        getattr(cfg, valuename)
+
+    # "contains" gives True both for set and unset values
+    assert 'project' in cfg
+    assert 'html_title' in cfg
+    assert 'nonexisting_value' not in cfg
+
+    # invalid values
+    with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
+        _ = cfg._value
+    with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
+        _ = cfg.nonexisting_value
+
+    # non-value attributes are deleted from the namespace
+    with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
+        _ = cfg.sys
+
+    # setting attributes
+    cfg.project = 'Foo'
+    assert cfg.project == 'Foo'
+
+    # alternative access via item interface
+    cfg['project'] = 'Sphinx Tests'
+    assert cfg['project'] == cfg.project == 'Sphinx Tests'
+
+
+def test_config_not_found(tmp_path):
+    with pytest.raises(ConfigError):
+        Config.read(tmp_path)
+
+
+def test_extension_values():
+    config = Config()
+
+    # check standard settings
+    assert config.root_doc == 'index'
+
+    # can't override it by add_config_value()
+    with pytest.raises(ExtensionError) as excinfo:
+        config.add('root_doc', 'index', 'env', None)
+    assert 'already present' in str(excinfo.value)
+
+    # add a new config value
+    config.add('value_from_ext', [], 'env', None)
+    assert config.value_from_ext == []
+
+    # can't override it by add_config_value()
+    with pytest.raises(ExtensionError) as excinfo:
+        config.add('value_from_ext', [], 'env', None)
+    assert 'already present' in str(excinfo.value)
+
+
+def test_overrides():
+    config = Config({'value1': '1', 'value2': 2, 'value6': {'default': 6}},
+                    {'value2': 999, 'value3': '999', 'value5.attr1': 999, 'value6.attr1': 999,
+                     'value7': 'abc,def,ghi', 'value8': 'abc,def,ghi'})
+    config.add('value1', None, 'env', ())
+    config.add('value2', None, 'env', ())
+    config.add('value3', 0, 'env', ())
+    config.add('value4', 0, 'env', ())
+    config.add('value5', {'default': 0}, 'env', ())
+    config.add('value6', {'default': 0}, 'env', ())
+    config.add('value7', None, 'env', ())
+    config.add('value8', [], 'env', ())
+    config.init_values()
+
+    assert config.value1 == '1'
+    assert config.value2 == 999
+    assert config.value3 == 999
+    assert config.value4 == 0
+    assert config.value5 == {'attr1': 999}
+    assert config.value6 == {'default': 6, 'attr1': 999}
+    assert config.value7 == 'abc,def,ghi'
+    assert config.value8 == ['abc', 'def', 'ghi']
+
+
+def test_overrides_boolean():
+    config = Config({}, {'value1': '1',
+                         'value2': '0',
+                         'value3': '0'})
+    config.add('value1', None, 'env', [bool])
+    config.add('value2', None, 'env', [bool])
+    config.add('value3', True, 'env', ())
+    config.init_values()
+
+    assert config.value1 is True
+    assert config.value2 is False
+    assert config.value3 is False
+
+
+@mock.patch("sphinx.config.logger")
+def test_errors_warnings(logger, tmp_path):
+    # test the error for syntax errors in the config file
+    (tmp_path / 'conf.py').write_text('project = \n', encoding='ascii')
+    with pytest.raises(ConfigError) as excinfo:
+        Config.read(tmp_path, {}, None)
+    assert 'conf.py' in str(excinfo.value)
+
+    # test the automatic conversion of 2.x only code in configs
+    (tmp_path / 'conf.py').write_text('project = u"Jägermeister"\n', encoding='utf8')
+    cfg = Config.read(tmp_path, {}, None)
+    cfg.init_values()
+    assert cfg.project == 'Jägermeister'
+    assert logger.called is False
+
+
+def test_errors_if_setup_is_not_callable(tmp_path, make_app):
+    # test the error to call setup() in the config file
+    (tmp_path / 'conf.py').write_text('setup = 1', encoding='utf8')
+    with pytest.raises(ConfigError) as excinfo:
+        make_app(srcdir=tmp_path)
+    assert 'callable' in str(excinfo.value)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def make_app_with_empty_project(make_app, tmp_path):
+    (tmp_path / 'conf.py').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
+
+    def _make_app(*args, **kw):
+        kw.setdefault('srcdir', Path(tmp_path))
+        return make_app(*args, **kw)
+    return _make_app
+
+
+@mock.patch.object(sphinx, '__display_version__', '1.6.4')
+def test_needs_sphinx(make_app_with_empty_project):
+    make_app = make_app_with_empty_project
+    # micro version
+    make_app(confoverrides={'needs_sphinx': '1.6.3'})  # OK: less
+    make_app(confoverrides={'needs_sphinx': '1.6.4'})  # OK: equals
+    with pytest.raises(VersionRequirementError):
+        make_app(confoverrides={'needs_sphinx': '1.6.5'})  # NG: greater
+
+    # minor version
+    make_app(confoverrides={'needs_sphinx': '1.5'})  # OK: less
+    make_app(confoverrides={'needs_sphinx': '1.6'})  # OK: equals
+    with pytest.raises(VersionRequirementError):
+        make_app(confoverrides={'needs_sphinx': '1.7'})  # NG: greater
+
+    # major version
+    make_app(confoverrides={'needs_sphinx': '0'})  # OK: less
+    make_app(confoverrides={'needs_sphinx': '1'})  # OK: equals
+    with pytest.raises(VersionRequirementError):
+        make_app(confoverrides={'needs_sphinx': '2'})  # NG: greater
+
+
+@mock.patch("sphinx.config.logger")
+def test_config_eol(logger, tmp_path):
+    # test config file's eol patterns: LF, CRLF
+    configfile = tmp_path / 'conf.py'
+    for eol in (b'\n', b'\r\n'):
+        configfile.write_bytes(b'project = "spam"' + eol)
+        cfg = Config.read(tmp_path, {}, None)
+        cfg.init_values()
+        assert cfg.project == 'spam'
+        assert logger.called is False
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(confoverrides={'root_doc': 123,
+                                   'language': 'foo',
+                                   'primary_domain': None})
+def test_builtin_conf(app, status, warning):
+    warnings = warning.getvalue()
+    assert 'root_doc' in warnings, (
+        'override on builtin "root_doc" should raise a type warning')
+    assert 'language' not in warnings, (
+        'explicitly permitted override on builtin "language" should NOT raise '
+        'a type warning')
+    assert 'primary_domain' not in warnings, (
+        'override to None on builtin "primary_domain" should NOT raise a type '
+        'warning')
+
+
+# example classes for type checking
+class A:
+    pass
+
+
+class B(A):
+    pass
+
+
+class C(A):
+    pass
+
+
+# name, default, annotation, actual, warned
+TYPECHECK_WARNINGS = [
+    ('value1', 'string', None, 123, True),                      # wrong type
+    ('value2', lambda _: [], None, 123, True),                  # lambda with wrong type
+    ('value3', lambda _: [], None, [], False),                  # lambda with correct type
+    ('value4', 100, None, True, True),                          # child type
+    ('value5', False, None, True, False),                       # parent type
+    ('value6', [], None, (), True),                             # other sequence type
+    ('value7', 'string', [list], ['foo'], False),               # explicit type annotation
+    ('value8', B(), None, C(), False),                          # sibling type
+    ('value9', None, None, 'foo', False),                       # no default or no annotations
+    ('value10', None, None, 123, False),                        # no default or no annotations
+    ('value11', None, [str], 'bar', False),                     # str
+    ('value12', 'string', None, 'bar', False),                  # str
+]
+
+
+@mock.patch("sphinx.config.logger")
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(('name', 'default', 'annotation', 'actual', 'warned'), TYPECHECK_WARNINGS)
+def test_check_types(logger, name, default, annotation, actual, warned):
+    config = Config({name: actual})
+    config.add(name, default, 'env', annotation or ())
+    config.init_values()
+    check_confval_types(None, config)
+    assert logger.warning.called == warned
+
+
+TYPECHECK_WARNING_MESSAGES = [
+    ('value1', 'string', [str], ['foo', 'bar'],
+        "The config value `value1' has type `list'; expected `str'."),
+    ('value1', 'string', [str, int], ['foo', 'bar'],
+        "The config value `value1' has type `list'; expected `str' or `int'."),
+    ('value1', 'string', [str, int, tuple], ['foo', 'bar'],
+        "The config value `value1' has type `list'; expected `str', `int', or `tuple'."),
+]
+
+
+@mock.patch("sphinx.config.logger")
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(('name', 'default', 'annotation', 'actual', 'message'), TYPECHECK_WARNING_MESSAGES)
+def test_conf_warning_message(logger, name, default, annotation, actual, message):
+    config = Config({name: actual})
+    config.add(name, default, False, annotation or ())
+    config.init_values()
+    check_confval_types(None, config)
+    assert logger.warning.called
+    assert logger.warning.call_args[0][0] == message
+
+
+@mock.patch("sphinx.config.logger")
+def test_check_enum(logger):
+    config = Config()
+    config.add('value', 'default', False, ENUM('default', 'one', 'two'))
+    config.init_values()
+    check_confval_types(None, config)
+    logger.warning.assert_not_called()  # not warned
+
+
+@mock.patch("sphinx.config.logger")
+def test_check_enum_failed(logger):
+    config = Config({'value': 'invalid'})
+    config.add('value', 'default', False, ENUM('default', 'one', 'two'))
+    config.init_values()
+    check_confval_types(None, config)
+    assert logger.warning.called
+
+
+@mock.patch("sphinx.config.logger")
+def test_check_enum_for_list(logger):
+    config = Config({'value': ['one', 'two']})
+    config.add('value', 'default', False, ENUM('default', 'one', 'two'))
+    config.init_values()
+    check_confval_types(None, config)
+    logger.warning.assert_not_called()  # not warned
+
+
+@mock.patch("sphinx.config.logger")
+def test_check_enum_for_list_failed(logger):
+    config = Config({'value': ['one', 'two', 'invalid']})
+    config.add('value', 'default', False, ENUM('default', 'one', 'two'))
+    config.init_values()
+    check_confval_types(None, config)
+    assert logger.warning.called
+
+
+nitpick_warnings = [
+    "WARNING: py:const reference target not found: prefix.anything.postfix",
+    "WARNING: py:class reference target not found: prefix.anything",
+    "WARNING: py:class reference target not found: anything.postfix",
+    "WARNING: js:class reference target not found: prefix.anything.postfix",
+]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='nitpicky-warnings')
+def test_nitpick_base(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    warning = warning.getvalue().strip().split('\n')
+    assert len(warning) == len(nitpick_warnings)
+    for actual, expected in zip(warning, nitpick_warnings):
+        assert expected in actual
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='nitpicky-warnings', confoverrides={
+    'nitpick_ignore': {
+        ('py:const', 'prefix.anything.postfix'),
+        ('py:class', 'prefix.anything'),
+        ('py:class', 'anything.postfix'),
+        ('js:class', 'prefix.anything.postfix'),
+    },
+})
+def test_nitpick_ignore(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    assert not len(warning.getvalue().strip())
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='nitpicky-warnings', confoverrides={
+    'nitpick_ignore_regex': [
+        (r'py:.*', r'.*postfix'),
+        (r'.*:class', r'prefix.*'),
+    ],
+})
+def test_nitpick_ignore_regex1(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    assert not len(warning.getvalue().strip())
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='nitpicky-warnings', confoverrides={
+    'nitpick_ignore_regex': [
+        (r'py:.*', r'prefix.*'),
+        (r'.*:class', r'.*postfix'),
+    ],
+})
+def test_nitpick_ignore_regex2(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    assert not len(warning.getvalue().strip())
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='nitpicky-warnings', confoverrides={
+    'nitpick_ignore_regex': [
+        # None of these should match
+        (r'py:', r'.*'),
+        (r':class', r'.*'),
+        (r'', r'.*'),
+        (r'.*', r'anything'),
+        (r'.*', r'prefix'),
+        (r'.*', r'postfix'),
+        (r'.*', r''),
+    ],
+})
+def test_nitpick_ignore_regex_fullmatch(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    warning = warning.getvalue().strip().split('\n')
+    assert len(warning) == len(nitpick_warnings)
+    for actual, expected in zip(warning, nitpick_warnings):
+        assert expected in actual
+
+
+def test_conf_py_language_none(tmp_path):
+    """Regression test for #10474."""
+
+    # Given a conf.py file with language = None
+    (tmp_path / 'conf.py').write_text("language = None", encoding='utf-8')
+
+    # When we load conf.py into a Config object
+    cfg = Config.read(tmp_path, {}, None)
+    cfg.init_values()
+
+    # Then the language is coerced to English
+    assert cfg.language == "en"
+
+
+@mock.patch("sphinx.config.logger")
+def test_conf_py_language_none_warning(logger, tmp_path):
+    """Regression test for #10474."""
+
+    # Given a conf.py file with language = None
+    (tmp_path / 'conf.py').write_text("language = None", encoding='utf-8')
+
+    # When we load conf.py into a Config object
+    Config.read(tmp_path, {}, None)
+
+    # Then a warning is raised
+    assert logger.warning.called
+    assert logger.warning.call_args[0][0] == (
+        "Invalid configuration value found: 'language = None'. "
+        "Update your configuration to a valid language code. "
+        "Falling back to 'en' (English).")
+
+
+def test_conf_py_no_language(tmp_path):
+    """Regression test for #10474."""
+
+    # Given a conf.py file with no language attribute
+    (tmp_path / 'conf.py').write_text("", encoding='utf-8')
+
+    # When we load conf.py into a Config object
+    cfg = Config.read(tmp_path, {}, None)
+    cfg.init_values()
+
+    # Then the language is coerced to English
+    assert cfg.language == "en"
+
+
+def test_conf_py_nitpick_ignore_list(tmp_path):
+    """Regression test for #11355."""
+
+    # Given a conf.py file with no language attribute
+    (tmp_path / 'conf.py').write_text("", encoding='utf-8')
+
+    # When we load conf.py into a Config object
+    cfg = Config.read(tmp_path, {}, None)
+    cfg.init_values()
+
+    # Then the default nitpick_ignore[_regex] is an empty list
+    assert cfg.nitpick_ignore == []
+    assert cfg.nitpick_ignore_regex == []
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(params=[
+    # test with SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH unset: no modification
+    None,
+    # test with SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH set: copyright year should be updated
+    1293840000,
+    1293839999,
+])
+def source_date_year(request, monkeypatch):
+    sde = request.param
+    with monkeypatch.context() as m:
+        if sde:
+            m.setenv('SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH', str(sde))
+            yield time.gmtime(sde).tm_year
+        else:
+            m.delenv('SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH', raising=False)
+            yield None
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='copyright-multiline')
+def test_multi_line_copyright(source_date_year, app, monkeypatch):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf-8')
+
+    if source_date_year is None:
+        # check the copyright footer line by line (empty lines ignored)
+        assert '  &#169; Copyright 2006.<br/>\n' in content
+        assert '  &#169; Copyright 2006-2009, Alice.<br/>\n' in content
+        assert '  &#169; Copyright 2010-2013, Bob.<br/>\n' in content
+        assert '  &#169; Copyright 2014-2017, Charlie.<br/>\n' in content
+        assert '  &#169; Copyright 2018-2021, David.<br/>\n' in content
+        assert '  &#169; Copyright 2022-2025, Eve.' in content
+
+        # check the raw copyright footer block (empty lines included)
+        assert (
+            '      &#169; Copyright 2006.<br/>\n'
+            '    \n'
+            '      &#169; Copyright 2006-2009, Alice.<br/>\n'
+            '    \n'
+            '      &#169; Copyright 2010-2013, Bob.<br/>\n'
+            '    \n'
+            '      &#169; Copyright 2014-2017, Charlie.<br/>\n'
+            '    \n'
+            '      &#169; Copyright 2018-2021, David.<br/>\n'
+            '    \n'
+            '      &#169; Copyright 2022-2025, Eve.'
+        ) in content
+    else:
+        # check the copyright footer line by line (empty lines ignored)
+        assert f'  &#169; Copyright {source_date_year}.<br/>\n' in content
+        assert f'  &#169; Copyright 2006-{source_date_year}, Alice.<br/>\n' in content
+        assert f'  &#169; Copyright 2010-{source_date_year}, Bob.<br/>\n' in content
+        assert f'  &#169; Copyright 2014-{source_date_year}, Charlie.<br/>\n' in content
+        assert f'  &#169; Copyright 2018-{source_date_year}, David.<br/>\n' in content
+        assert f'  &#169; Copyright 2022-{source_date_year}, Eve.' in content
+
+        # check the raw copyright footer block (empty lines included)
+        assert (
+            f'      &#169; Copyright {source_date_year}.<br/>\n'
+            f'    \n'
+            f'      &#169; Copyright 2006-{source_date_year}, Alice.<br/>\n'
+            f'    \n'
+            f'      &#169; Copyright 2010-{source_date_year}, Bob.<br/>\n'
+            f'    \n'
+            f'      &#169; Copyright 2014-{source_date_year}, Charlie.<br/>\n'
+            f'    \n'
+            f'      &#169; Copyright 2018-{source_date_year}, David.<br/>\n'
+            f'    \n'
+            f'      &#169; Copyright 2022-{source_date_year}, Eve.'
+        ) in content
diff --git a/tests/test_correct_year.py b/tests/test_correct_year.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4ef77a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_correct_year.py
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+"""Test copyright year adjustment"""
+import pytest
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(
+    params=[
+        # test with SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH unset: no modification
+        (None, '2006-2009'),
+        # test with SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH set: copyright year should be updated
+        ('1293840000', '2006-2011'),
+        ('1293839999', '2006-2010'),
+    ],
+
+)
+def expect_date(request, monkeypatch):
+    sde, expect = request.param
+    with monkeypatch.context() as m:
+        if sde:
+            m.setenv('SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH', sde)
+        else:
+            m.delenv('SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH', raising=False)
+        yield expect
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='correct-year')
+def test_correct_year(expect_date, app):
+    app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert expect_date in content
diff --git a/tests/test_directive_code.py b/tests/test_directive_code.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..df7de57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_directive_code.py
@@ -0,0 +1,595 @@
+"""Test the code-block directive."""
+
+import os.path
+
+import pytest
+from docutils import nodes
+
+from sphinx.config import Config
+from sphinx.directives.code import LiteralIncludeReader
+from sphinx.testing.util import etree_parse
+
+DUMMY_CONFIG = Config({}, {})
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope='module')
+def testroot(rootdir):
+    testroot_path = rootdir / 'test-directive-code'
+    return testroot_path
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope='module')
+def literal_inc_path(testroot):
+    return testroot / 'literal.inc'
+
+
+def test_LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path):
+    options = {'lineno-match': True}
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    content, lines = reader.read()
+    assert content == literal_inc_path.read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert lines == 13
+    assert reader.lineno_start == 1
+
+
+def test_LiteralIncludeReader_lineno_start(literal_inc_path):
+    options = {'lineno-start': 4}
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    content, lines = reader.read()
+    assert content == literal_inc_path.read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert lines == 13
+    assert reader.lineno_start == 4
+
+
+def test_LiteralIncludeReader_pyobject1(literal_inc_path):
+    options = {'lineno-match': True, 'pyobject': 'Foo'}
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    content, lines = reader.read()
+    assert content == ("class Foo:\n"
+                       "    pass\n")
+    assert reader.lineno_start == 5
+
+
+def test_LiteralIncludeReader_pyobject2(literal_inc_path):
+    options = {'pyobject': 'Bar'}
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    content, lines = reader.read()
+    assert content == ("class Bar:\n"
+                       "    def baz():\n"
+                       "        pass\n")
+    assert reader.lineno_start == 1  # no lineno-match
+
+
+def test_LiteralIncludeReader_pyobject3(literal_inc_path):
+    options = {'pyobject': 'Bar.baz'}
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    content, lines = reader.read()
+    assert content == ("    def baz():\n"
+                       "        pass\n")
+
+
+def test_LiteralIncludeReader_pyobject_and_lines(literal_inc_path):
+    options = {'pyobject': 'Bar', 'lines': '2-'}
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    content, lines = reader.read()
+    assert content == ("    def baz():\n"
+                       "        pass\n")
+
+
+def test_LiteralIncludeReader_lines1(literal_inc_path):
+    options = {'lines': '1-3'}
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    content, lines = reader.read()
+    assert content == ("# Literally included file using Python highlighting\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       "foo = \"Including Unicode characters: üöä\"\n")
+
+
+def test_LiteralIncludeReader_lines2(literal_inc_path):
+    options = {'lines': '1,3,5'}
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    content, lines = reader.read()
+    assert content == ("# Literally included file using Python highlighting\n"
+                       "foo = \"Including Unicode characters: üöä\"\n"
+                       "class Foo:\n")
+
+
+def test_LiteralIncludeReader_lines_and_lineno_match1(literal_inc_path):
+    options = {'lines': '3-5', 'lineno-match': True}
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    content, lines = reader.read()
+    assert content == ("foo = \"Including Unicode characters: üöä\"\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       "class Foo:\n")
+    assert reader.lineno_start == 3
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx()  # init locale for errors
+def test_LiteralIncludeReader_lines_and_lineno_match2(literal_inc_path, app, status, warning):
+    options = {'lines': '0,3,5', 'lineno-match': True}
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match='Cannot use "lineno-match" with a disjoint set of "lines"'):
+        reader.read()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx()  # init locale for errors
+def test_LiteralIncludeReader_lines_and_lineno_match3(literal_inc_path, app, status, warning):
+    options = {'lines': '100-', 'lineno-match': True}
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Line spec '100-': no lines pulled from include file"):
+        reader.read()
+
+
+def test_LiteralIncludeReader_start_at(literal_inc_path):
+    options = {'lineno-match': True, 'start-at': 'Foo', 'end-at': 'Bar'}
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    content, lines = reader.read()
+    assert content == ("class Foo:\n"
+                       "    pass\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       "class Bar:\n")
+    assert reader.lineno_start == 5
+
+
+def test_LiteralIncludeReader_start_after(literal_inc_path):
+    options = {'lineno-match': True, 'start-after': 'Foo', 'end-before': 'Bar'}
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    content, lines = reader.read()
+    assert content == ("    pass\n"
+                       "\n")
+    assert reader.lineno_start == 6
+
+
+def test_LiteralIncludeReader_start_after_and_lines(literal_inc_path):
+    options = {'lineno-match': True, 'lines': '6-',
+               'start-after': 'Literally', 'end-before': 'comment'}
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    content, lines = reader.read()
+    assert content == ("\n"
+                       "class Bar:\n"
+                       "    def baz():\n"
+                       "        pass\n"
+                       "\n")
+    assert reader.lineno_start == 7
+
+
+def test_LiteralIncludeReader_start_at_and_lines(literal_inc_path):
+    options = {'lines': '2, 3, 5', 'start-at': 'foo', 'end-before': '#'}
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    content, lines = reader.read()
+    assert content == ("\n"
+                       "class Foo:\n"
+                       "\n")
+    assert reader.lineno_start == 1
+
+
+def test_LiteralIncludeReader_missing_start_and_end(literal_inc_path):
+    options = {'start-at': 'NOTHING'}
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match='start-at pattern not found: NOTHING'):
+        reader.read()
+
+    options = {'end-at': 'NOTHING'}
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match='end-at pattern not found: NOTHING'):
+        reader.read()
+
+    options = {'start-after': 'NOTHING'}
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match='start-after pattern not found: NOTHING'):
+        reader.read()
+
+    options = {'end-before': 'NOTHING'}
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match='end-before pattern not found: NOTHING'):
+        reader.read()
+
+
+def test_LiteralIncludeReader_end_before(literal_inc_path):
+    options = {'end-before': 'nclud'}  # *nclud* matches first and third lines.
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    content, lines = reader.read()
+    assert content == ("# Literally included file using Python highlighting\n"
+                       "\n")
+
+
+def test_LiteralIncludeReader_prepend(literal_inc_path):
+    options = {'lines': '1', 'prepend': 'Hello', 'append': 'Sphinx'}
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    content, lines = reader.read()
+    assert content == ("Hello\n"
+                       "# Literally included file using Python highlighting\n"
+                       "Sphinx\n")
+
+
+def test_LiteralIncludeReader_dedent(literal_inc_path):
+    # dedent: 2
+    options = {'lines': '9-11', 'dedent': 2}
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    content, lines = reader.read()
+    assert content == ("  def baz():\n"
+                       "      pass\n"
+                       "\n")
+
+    # dedent: 4
+    options = {'lines': '9-11', 'dedent': 4}
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    content, lines = reader.read()
+    assert content == ("def baz():\n"
+                       "    pass\n"
+                       "\n")
+
+    # dedent: 6
+    options = {'lines': '9-11', 'dedent': 6}
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    content, lines = reader.read()
+    assert content == ("f baz():\n"
+                       "  pass\n"
+                       "\n")
+
+    # dedent: None
+    options = {'lines': '9-11', 'dedent': None}
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    content, lines = reader.read()
+    assert content == ("def baz():\n"
+                       "    pass\n"
+                       "\n")
+
+
+def test_LiteralIncludeReader_dedent_and_append_and_prepend(literal_inc_path):
+    # dedent: 2
+    options = {'lines': '9-11', 'dedent': 2, 'prepend': 'class Foo:', 'append': '# comment'}
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    content, lines = reader.read()
+    assert content == ("class Foo:\n"
+                       "  def baz():\n"
+                       "      pass\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       "# comment\n")
+
+
+def test_LiteralIncludeReader_tabwidth(testroot):
+    # tab-width: 4
+    options = {'tab-width': 4, 'pyobject': 'Qux'}
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(testroot / 'target.py', options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    content, lines = reader.read()
+    assert content == ("class Qux:\n"
+                       "    def quux(self):\n"
+                       "        pass\n")
+
+    # tab-width: 8
+    options = {'tab-width': 8, 'pyobject': 'Qux'}
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(testroot / 'target.py', options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    content, lines = reader.read()
+    assert content == ("class Qux:\n"
+                       "        def quux(self):\n"
+                       "                pass\n")
+
+
+def test_LiteralIncludeReader_tabwidth_dedent(testroot):
+    options = {'tab-width': 4, 'dedent': 4, 'pyobject': 'Qux.quux'}
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(testroot / 'target.py', options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    content, lines = reader.read()
+    assert content == ("def quux(self):\n"
+                       "    pass\n")
+
+
+def test_LiteralIncludeReader_diff(testroot, literal_inc_path):
+    options = {'diff': testroot / 'literal-diff.inc'}
+    reader = LiteralIncludeReader(literal_inc_path, options, DUMMY_CONFIG)
+    content, lines = reader.read()
+    assert content == ("--- " + os.path.join(testroot, 'literal-diff.inc') + "\n"
+                       "+++ " + os.path.join(testroot, 'literal.inc') + "\n"
+                       "@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@\n"
+                       "     pass\n"
+                       " \n"
+                       " class Bar:\n"
+                       "-    def baz(self):\n"
+                       "+    def baz():\n"
+                       "         pass\n"
+                       " \n"
+                       "-# comment after Bar class\n"
+                       "+# comment after Bar class definition\n"
+                       " def bar(): pass\n")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml', testroot='directive-code')
+def test_code_block(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build('index')
+    et = etree_parse(app.outdir / 'index.xml')
+    secs = et.findall('./section/section')
+    code_block = secs[0].findall('literal_block')
+    assert len(code_block) > 0
+    actual = code_block[0].text
+    expect = (
+        "    def ruby?\n" +
+        "        false\n" +
+        "    end"
+    )
+    assert actual == expect
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='directive-code')
+def test_force_option(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build(['force'])
+    assert 'force.rst' not in warning.getvalue()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='directive-code')
+def test_code_block_caption_html(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build(['caption'])
+    html = (app.outdir / 'caption.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    caption = ('<div class="code-block-caption">'
+               '<span class="caption-number">Listing 1 </span>'
+               '<span class="caption-text">caption <em>test</em> rb'
+               '</span><a class="headerlink" href="#id1" '
+               'title="Link to this code">\xb6</a></div>')
+    assert caption in html
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='directive-code')
+def test_code_block_caption_latex(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    latex = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    caption = '\\sphinxSetupCaptionForVerbatim{caption \\sphinxstyleemphasis{test} rb}'
+    label = '\\def\\sphinxLiteralBlockLabel{\\label{\\detokenize{caption:id1}}}'
+    link = '\\hyperref[\\detokenize{caption:name-test-rb}]' \
+           '{Listing \\ref{\\detokenize{caption:name-test-rb}}}'
+    assert caption in latex
+    assert label in latex
+    assert link in latex
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='directive-code')
+def test_code_block_namedlink_latex(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    latex = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    label1 = '\\def\\sphinxLiteralBlockLabel{\\label{\\detokenize{caption:name-test-rb}}}'
+    link1 = '\\hyperref[\\detokenize{caption:name-test-rb}]'\
+            '{\\sphinxcrossref{\\DUrole{std,std-ref}{Ruby}}'
+    label2 = ('\\def\\sphinxLiteralBlockLabel'
+              '{\\label{\\detokenize{namedblocks:some-ruby-code}}}')
+    link2 = '\\hyperref[\\detokenize{namedblocks:some-ruby-code}]'\
+            '{\\sphinxcrossref{\\DUrole{std,std-ref}{the ruby code}}}'
+    assert label1 in latex
+    assert link1 in latex
+    assert label2 in latex
+    assert link2 in latex
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='directive-code')
+def test_code_block_emphasize_latex(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build(['emphasize'])
+    latex = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8').replace('\r\n', '\n')
+    includes = '\\fvset{hllines={, 5, 6, 13, 14, 15, 24, 25, 26,}}%\n'
+    assert includes in latex
+    includes = '\\end{sphinxVerbatim}\n\\sphinxresetverbatimhllines\n'
+    assert includes in latex
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml', testroot='directive-code')
+def test_literal_include(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build(['index'])
+    et = etree_parse(app.outdir / 'index.xml')
+    secs = et.findall('./section/section')
+    literal_include = secs[1].findall('literal_block')
+    literal_src = (app.srcdir / 'literal.inc').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert len(literal_include) > 0
+    actual = literal_include[0].text
+    assert actual == literal_src
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml', testroot='directive-code')
+def test_literal_include_block_start_with_comment_or_brank(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build(['python'])
+    et = etree_parse(app.outdir / 'python.xml')
+    secs = et.findall('./section/section')
+    literal_include = secs[0].findall('literal_block')
+    assert len(literal_include) > 0
+    actual = literal_include[0].text
+    expect = (
+        'def block_start_with_comment():\n'
+        '    # Comment\n'
+        '    return 1\n'
+    )
+    assert actual == expect
+
+    actual = literal_include[1].text
+    expect = (
+        'def block_start_with_blank():\n'
+        '\n'
+        '    return 1\n'
+    )
+    assert actual == expect
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='directive-code')
+def test_literal_include_linenos(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build(['linenos'])
+    html = (app.outdir / 'linenos.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    # :linenos:
+    assert ('<span class="linenos"> 1</span><span class="c1">'
+            '# Literally included file using Python highlighting</span>' in html)
+
+    # :lineno-start:
+    assert ('<span class="linenos">200</span><span class="c1">'
+            '# Literally included file using Python highlighting</span>' in html)
+
+    # :lines: 5-9
+    assert ('<span class="linenos">5</span><span class="k">class</span> '
+            '<span class="nc">Foo</span><span class="p">:</span>' in html)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='directive-code')
+def test_literalinclude_file_whole_of_emptyline(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    latex = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8').replace('\r\n', '\n')
+    includes = (
+        '\\begin{sphinxVerbatim}'
+        '[commandchars=\\\\\\{\\},numbers=left,firstnumber=1,stepnumber=1]\n'
+        '\n'
+        '\n'
+        '\n'
+        '\\end{sphinxVerbatim}\n')
+    assert includes in latex
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='directive-code')
+def test_literalinclude_caption_html(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    html = (app.outdir / 'caption.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    caption = ('<div class="code-block-caption">'
+               '<span class="caption-number">Listing 2 </span>'
+               '<span class="caption-text">caption <strong>test</strong> py'
+               '</span><a class="headerlink" href="#id2" '
+               'title="Link to this code">\xb6</a></div>')
+    assert caption in html
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='directive-code')
+def test_literalinclude_caption_latex(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build('index')
+    latex = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    caption = '\\sphinxSetupCaptionForVerbatim{caption \\sphinxstylestrong{test} py}'
+    label = '\\def\\sphinxLiteralBlockLabel{\\label{\\detokenize{caption:id2}}}'
+    link = '\\hyperref[\\detokenize{caption:name-test-py}]' \
+           '{Listing \\ref{\\detokenize{caption:name-test-py}}}'
+    assert caption in latex
+    assert label in latex
+    assert link in latex
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='directive-code')
+def test_literalinclude_namedlink_latex(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build('index')
+    latex = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    label1 = '\\def\\sphinxLiteralBlockLabel{\\label{\\detokenize{caption:name-test-py}}}'
+    link1 = '\\hyperref[\\detokenize{caption:name-test-py}]'\
+            '{\\sphinxcrossref{\\DUrole{std,std-ref}{Python}}'
+    label2 = ('\\def\\sphinxLiteralBlockLabel'
+              '{\\label{\\detokenize{namedblocks:some-python-code}}}')
+    link2 = '\\hyperref[\\detokenize{namedblocks:some-python-code}]'\
+            '{\\sphinxcrossref{\\DUrole{std,std-ref}{the python code}}}'
+    assert label1 in latex
+    assert link1 in latex
+    assert label2 in latex
+    assert link2 in latex
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml', testroot='directive-code')
+def test_literalinclude_classes(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build(['classes'])
+    et = etree_parse(app.outdir / 'classes.xml')
+    secs = et.findall('./section/section')
+
+    code_block = secs[0].findall('literal_block')
+    assert len(code_block) > 0
+    assert code_block[0].get('classes') == 'foo bar'
+    assert code_block[0].get('names') == 'code_block'
+
+    literalinclude = secs[1].findall('literal_block')
+    assert len(literalinclude) > 0
+    assert literalinclude[0].get('classes') == 'bar baz'
+    assert literalinclude[0].get('names') == 'literal_include'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml', testroot='directive-code')
+def test_literalinclude_pydecorators(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build(['py-decorators'])
+    et = etree_parse(app.outdir / 'py-decorators.xml')
+    secs = et.findall('./section/section')
+
+    literal_include = secs[0].findall('literal_block')
+    assert len(literal_include) == 3
+
+    actual = literal_include[0].text
+    expect = (
+        '@class_decorator\n'
+        '@other_decorator()\n'
+        'class TheClass(object):\n'
+        '\n'
+        '    @method_decorator\n'
+        '    @other_decorator()\n'
+        '    def the_method():\n'
+        '        pass\n'
+    )
+    assert actual == expect
+
+    actual = literal_include[1].text
+    expect = (
+        '    @method_decorator\n'
+        '    @other_decorator()\n'
+        '    def the_method():\n'
+        '        pass\n'
+    )
+    assert actual == expect
+
+    actual = literal_include[2].text
+    expect = (
+        '@function_decorator\n'
+        '@other_decorator()\n'
+        'def the_function():\n'
+        '    pass\n'
+    )
+    assert actual == expect
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='directive-code')
+def test_code_block_highlighted(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build(['highlight'])
+    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('highlight')
+    codeblocks = list(doctree.findall(nodes.literal_block))
+
+    assert codeblocks[0]['language'] == 'default'
+    assert codeblocks[1]['language'] == 'python2'
+    assert codeblocks[2]['language'] == 'python3'
+    assert codeblocks[3]['language'] == 'python2'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='directive-code')
+def test_linenothreshold(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build(['linenothreshold'])
+    html = (app.outdir / 'linenothreshold.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    # code-block using linenothreshold
+    assert ('<span class="linenos">1</span><span class="k">class</span> '
+            '<span class="nc">Foo</span><span class="p">:</span>' in html)
+
+    # code-block not using linenothreshold (no line numbers)
+    assert '<span></span><span class="c1"># comment</span>' in html
+
+    # literal include using linenothreshold
+    assert ('<span class="linenos"> 1</span><span class="c1">'
+            '# Literally included file using Python highlighting</span>' in html)
+
+    # literal include not using linenothreshold (no line numbers)
+    assert ('<span></span><span class="c1"># Very small literal include '
+            '(linenothreshold check)</span>' in html)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='directive-code')
+def test_code_block_dedent(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build(['dedent'])
+    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('dedent')
+    codeblocks = list(doctree.findall(nodes.literal_block))
+    # Note: comparison string should not have newlines at the beginning or end
+    text_0_indent = '''First line
+Second line
+    Third line
+Fourth line'''
+    text_2_indent = '''  First line
+  Second line
+      Third line
+  Fourth line'''
+    text_4_indent = '''    First line
+    Second line
+        Third line
+    Fourth line'''
+
+    assert codeblocks[0].astext() == text_0_indent
+    assert codeblocks[1].astext() == text_0_indent
+    assert codeblocks[2].astext() == text_4_indent
+    assert codeblocks[3].astext() == text_2_indent
+    assert codeblocks[4].astext() == text_4_indent
+    assert codeblocks[5].astext() == text_0_indent
diff --git a/tests/test_directive_object_description.py b/tests/test_directive_object_description.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2c9f9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_directive_object_description.py
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+"""Test object description directives."""
+
+import docutils.utils
+import pytest
+from docutils import nodes
+
+from sphinx import addnodes
+from sphinx.io import create_publisher
+from sphinx.testing import restructuredtext
+from sphinx.util.docutils import sphinx_domains
+
+
+def _doctree_for_test(builder, docname: str) -> nodes.document:
+    builder.env.prepare_settings(docname)
+    publisher = create_publisher(builder.app, 'restructuredtext')
+    with sphinx_domains(builder.env):
+        publisher.set_source(source_path=builder.env.doc2path(docname))
+        publisher.publish()
+        return publisher.document
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text', testroot='object-description-sections')
+def test_object_description_sections(app):
+    doctree = _doctree_for_test(app.builder, 'index')
+    # <document>
+    #     <index>
+    #     <desc>
+    #         <desc_signature>
+    #             <desc_name>
+    #                 func
+    #             <desc_parameterlist>
+    #         <desc_content>
+    #             <section>
+    #                 <title>
+    #                     Overview
+    #                 <paragraph>
+    #                     Lorem ipsum dolar sit amet
+
+    assert isinstance(doctree[0], addnodes.index)
+    assert isinstance(doctree[1], addnodes.desc)
+    assert isinstance(doctree[1][0], addnodes.desc_signature)
+    assert isinstance(doctree[1][1], addnodes.desc_content)
+    assert isinstance(doctree[1][1][0], nodes.section)
+    assert isinstance(doctree[1][1][0][0], nodes.title)
+    assert doctree[1][1][0][0][0] == 'Overview'
+    assert isinstance(doctree[1][1][0][1], nodes.paragraph)
+    assert doctree[1][1][0][1][0] == 'Lorem ipsum dolar sit amet'
+
+
+def test_object_description_content_line_number(app):
+    text = (".. py:function:: foo(bar)\n" +
+            "\n" +
+            "   Some link here: :ref:`abc`\n")
+    doc = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    xrefs = list(doc.findall(condition=addnodes.pending_xref))
+    assert len(xrefs) == 1
+    source, line = docutils.utils.get_source_line(xrefs[0])
+    assert 'index.rst' in source
+    assert line == 3
diff --git a/tests/test_directive_only.py b/tests/test_directive_only.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e9ea63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_directive_only.py
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+"""Test the only directive with the test root."""
+
+import re
+
+import pytest
+from docutils import nodes
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text', testroot='directive-only')
+def test_sectioning(app, status, warning):
+
+    def getsects(section):
+        if not isinstance(section, nodes.section):
+            return [getsects(n) for n in section.children]
+        title = section.next_node(nodes.title).astext().strip()
+        subsects = []
+        children = section.children[:]
+        while children:
+            node = children.pop(0)
+            if isinstance(node, nodes.section):
+                subsects.append(node)
+                continue
+            children = list(node.children) + children
+        return [title, [getsects(subsect) for subsect in subsects]]
+
+    def testsects(prefix, sects, indent=0):
+        title = sects[0]
+        parent_num = title.split()[0]
+        assert prefix == parent_num, \
+            'Section out of place: %r' % title
+        for i, subsect in enumerate(sects[1]):
+            num = subsect[0].split()[0]
+            assert re.match('[0-9]+[.0-9]*[.]', num), \
+                'Unnumbered section: %r' % subsect[0]
+            testsects(prefix + str(i + 1) + '.', subsect, indent + 4)
+
+    app.builder.build(['only'])
+    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('only')
+    app.env.apply_post_transforms(doctree, 'only')
+
+    parts = [getsects(n)
+             for n in [_n for _n in doctree.children if isinstance(_n, nodes.section)]]
+    for i, s in enumerate(parts):
+        testsects(str(i + 1) + '.', s, 4)
+    assert len(parts) == 4, 'Expected 4 document level headings, got:\n%s' % \
+        '\n'.join([p[0] for p in parts])
diff --git a/tests/test_directive_other.py b/tests/test_directive_other.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1feb251
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_directive_other.py
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+"""Test the other directives."""
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+from docutils import nodes
+
+from sphinx import addnodes
+from sphinx.testing import restructuredtext
+from sphinx.testing.util import assert_node
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='toctree-glob')
+def test_toctree(app):
+    text = (".. toctree::\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   foo\n"
+            "   bar/index\n"
+            "   baz\n")
+
+    app.env.find_files(app.config, app.builder)
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text, 'index')
+    assert_node(doctree, [nodes.document, nodes.compound, addnodes.toctree])
+    assert_node(doctree[0][0],
+                entries=[(None, 'foo'), (None, 'bar/index'), (None, 'baz')],
+                includefiles=['foo', 'bar/index', 'baz'])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='toctree-glob')
+def test_relative_toctree(app):
+    text = (".. toctree::\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   bar_1\n"
+            "   bar_2\n"
+            "   bar_3\n"
+            "   ../quux\n")
+
+    app.env.find_files(app.config, app.builder)
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text, 'bar/index')
+    assert_node(doctree, [nodes.document, nodes.compound, addnodes.toctree])
+    assert_node(doctree[0][0],
+                entries=[(None, 'bar/bar_1'), (None, 'bar/bar_2'), (None, 'bar/bar_3'),
+                         (None, 'quux')],
+                includefiles=['bar/bar_1', 'bar/bar_2', 'bar/bar_3', 'quux'])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='toctree-glob')
+def test_toctree_urls_and_titles(app):
+    text = (".. toctree::\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   Sphinx <https://www.sphinx-doc.org/>\n"
+            "   https://readthedocs.org/\n"
+            "   The BAR <bar/index>\n")
+
+    app.env.find_files(app.config, app.builder)
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text, 'index')
+    assert_node(doctree, [nodes.document, nodes.compound, addnodes.toctree])
+    assert_node(doctree[0][0],
+                entries=[('Sphinx', 'https://www.sphinx-doc.org/'),
+                         (None, 'https://readthedocs.org/'),
+                         ('The BAR', 'bar/index')],
+                includefiles=['bar/index'])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='toctree-glob')
+def test_toctree_glob(app):
+    text = (".. toctree::\n"
+            "   :glob:\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   *\n")
+
+    app.env.find_files(app.config, app.builder)
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text, 'index')
+    assert_node(doctree, [nodes.document, nodes.compound, addnodes.toctree])
+    assert_node(doctree[0][0],
+                entries=[(None, 'baz'), (None, 'foo'), (None, 'quux')],
+                includefiles=['baz', 'foo', 'quux'])
+
+    # give both docname and glob (case1)
+    text = (".. toctree::\n"
+            "   :glob:\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   foo\n"
+            "   *\n")
+
+    app.env.find_files(app.config, app.builder)
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text, 'index')
+    assert_node(doctree, [nodes.document, nodes.compound, addnodes.toctree])
+    assert_node(doctree[0][0],
+                entries=[(None, 'foo'), (None, 'baz'), (None, 'quux')],
+                includefiles=['foo', 'baz', 'quux'])
+
+    # give both docname and glob (case2)
+    text = (".. toctree::\n"
+            "   :glob:\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   *\n"
+            "   foo\n")
+
+    app.env.find_files(app.config, app.builder)
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text, 'index')
+    assert_node(doctree, [nodes.document, nodes.compound, addnodes.toctree])
+    assert_node(doctree[0][0],
+                entries=[(None, 'baz'), (None, 'foo'), (None, 'quux'), (None, 'foo')],
+                includefiles=['baz', 'foo', 'quux', 'foo'])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='toctree-glob')
+def test_toctree_glob_and_url(app):
+    text = (".. toctree::\n"
+            "   :glob:\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   https://example.com/?q=sphinx\n")
+
+    app.env.find_files(app.config, app.builder)
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text, 'index')
+    assert_node(doctree, [nodes.document, nodes.compound, addnodes.toctree])
+    assert_node(doctree[0][0],
+                entries=[(None, 'https://example.com/?q=sphinx')],
+                includefiles=[])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='toctree-glob')
+def test_reversed_toctree(app):
+    text = (".. toctree::\n"
+            "   :reversed:\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   foo\n"
+            "   bar/index\n"
+            "   baz\n")
+
+    app.env.find_files(app.config, app.builder)
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text, 'index')
+    assert_node(doctree, [nodes.document, nodes.compound, addnodes.toctree])
+    assert_node(doctree[0][0],
+                entries=[(None, 'baz'), (None, 'bar/index'), (None, 'foo')],
+                includefiles=['baz', 'bar/index', 'foo'])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='toctree-glob')
+def test_toctree_twice(app):
+    text = (".. toctree::\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   foo\n"
+            "   foo\n")
+
+    app.env.find_files(app.config, app.builder)
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text, 'index')
+    assert_node(doctree, [nodes.document, nodes.compound, addnodes.toctree])
+    assert_node(doctree[0][0],
+                entries=[(None, 'foo'), (None, 'foo')],
+                includefiles=['foo', 'foo'])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='directive-include')
+def test_include_include_read_event(app):
+    sources_reported = []
+
+    def source_read_handler(_app, relative_path, parent_docname, source):
+        sources_reported.append((relative_path, parent_docname, source[0]))
+
+    app.connect("include-read", source_read_handler)
+    text = """\
+.. include:: baz/baz.rst
+   :start-line: 4
+.. include:: text.txt
+   :literal:
+.. include:: bar.txt
+"""
+    app.env.find_files(app.config, app.builder)
+    restructuredtext.parse(app, text, 'index')
+
+    included_files = {filename.as_posix()
+                      for filename, p, s in sources_reported}
+    assert 'index.rst' not in included_files  # sources don't emit 'include-read'
+    assert 'baz/baz.rst' in included_files
+    assert 'text.txt' not in included_files  # text was included as literal, no rst parsing
+    assert 'bar.txt' in included_files  # suffix not in source-suffixes
+    assert (Path('baz/baz.rst'), 'index', '\nBaz was here.') in sources_reported
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='directive-include')
+def test_include_include_read_event_nested_includes(app):
+
+    def source_read_handler(_app, _relative_path, _parent_docname, source):
+        text = source[0].replace("#magical", "amazing")
+        source[0] = text
+
+    app.connect("include-read", source_read_handler)
+    text = ".. include:: baz/baz.rst\n"
+    app.env.find_files(app.config, app.builder)
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text, 'index')
+    assert_node(doctree, addnodes.document)
+    assert len(doctree.children) == 3
+    assert_node(doctree.children[1], nodes.paragraph)
+    assert doctree.children[1].rawsource == "The amazing foo."
diff --git a/tests/test_directive_patch.py b/tests/test_directive_patch.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f4eb8f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_directive_patch.py
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+"""Test the patched directives."""
+
+import pytest
+from docutils import nodes
+
+from sphinx.testing import restructuredtext
+from sphinx.testing.util import assert_node
+
+
+def test_code_directive(app):
+    # normal case
+    text = ('.. code::\n'
+            '\n'
+            '   print("hello world")\n')
+
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, [nodes.document, nodes.literal_block, 'print("hello world")'])
+    assert_node(doctree[0], language="default", highlight_args={})
+
+    # with language
+    text = ('.. code:: python\n'
+            '\n'
+            '   print("hello world")\n')
+
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, [nodes.document, nodes.literal_block, 'print("hello world")'])
+    assert_node(doctree[0], language="python", highlight_args={})
+
+    # :number-lines: option
+    text = ('.. code:: python\n'
+            '   :number-lines:\n'
+            '\n'
+            '   print("hello world")\n')
+
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, [nodes.document, nodes.literal_block, 'print("hello world")'])
+    assert_node(doctree[0], language="python", linenos=True, highlight_args={})
+
+    # :number-lines: option
+    text = ('.. code:: python\n'
+            '   :number-lines: 5\n'
+            '\n'
+            '   print("hello world")\n')
+
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, [nodes.document, nodes.literal_block, 'print("hello world")'])
+    assert_node(doctree[0], language="python", linenos=True, highlight_args={'linenostart': 5})
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='directive-csv-table')
+def test_csv_table_directive(app):
+    # relative path from current document
+    text = ('.. csv-table::\n'
+            '   :file: example.csv\n')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text, docname="subdir/index")
+    assert_node(doctree,
+                ([nodes.table, nodes.tgroup, (nodes.colspec,
+                                              nodes.colspec,
+                                              nodes.colspec,
+                                              [nodes.tbody, nodes.row])],))
+    assert_node(doctree[0][0][3][0],
+                ([nodes.entry, nodes.paragraph, "FOO"],
+                 [nodes.entry, nodes.paragraph, "BAR"],
+                 [nodes.entry, nodes.paragraph, "BAZ"]))
+
+    # absolute path from source directory
+    text = ('.. csv-table::\n'
+            '   :file: /example.csv\n')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text, docname="subdir/index")
+    assert_node(doctree,
+                ([nodes.table, nodes.tgroup, (nodes.colspec,
+                                              nodes.colspec,
+                                              nodes.colspec,
+                                              [nodes.tbody, nodes.row])],))
+    assert_node(doctree[0][0][3][0],
+                ([nodes.entry, nodes.paragraph, "foo"],
+                 [nodes.entry, nodes.paragraph, "bar"],
+                 [nodes.entry, nodes.paragraph, "baz"]))
+
+
+def test_math_directive(app):
+    # normal case
+    text = '.. math:: E = mc^2'
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, [nodes.document, nodes.math_block, 'E = mc^2\n\n'])
+
+    # :name: option
+    text = ('.. math:: E = mc^2\n'
+            '   :name: eq1\n')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, [nodes.document, (nodes.target,
+                                           [nodes.math_block, "E = mc^2\n\n"])])
+    assert_node(doctree[1], nodes.math_block, docname='index', label="eq1", number=1)
+
+    # :label: option
+    text = ('.. math:: E = mc^2\n'
+            '   :label: eq2\n')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, [nodes.document, (nodes.target,
+                                           [nodes.math_block, 'E = mc^2\n\n'])])
+    assert_node(doctree[1], nodes.math_block, docname='index', label="eq2", number=2)
+
+    # :label: option without value
+    text = ('.. math:: E = mc^2\n'
+            '   :label:\n')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, [nodes.document, (nodes.target,
+                                           [nodes.math_block, 'E = mc^2\n\n'])])
+    assert_node(doctree[1], nodes.math_block, ids=['equation-index-0'],
+                docname='index', label="index:0", number=3)
diff --git a/tests/test_directives_no_typesetting.py b/tests/test_directives_no_typesetting.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd101fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_directives_no_typesetting.py
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+"""Tests the directives"""
+
+import pytest
+from docutils import nodes
+
+from sphinx import addnodes
+from sphinx.testing import restructuredtext
+from sphinx.testing.util import assert_node
+
+DOMAINS = [
+    # directive, no-index, no-index-entry, signature of f, signature of g, index entry of g
+    ('c:function', False, True, 'void f()', 'void g()', ('single', 'g (C function)', 'c.g', '', None)),
+    ('cpp:function', False, True, 'void f()', 'void g()', ('single', 'g (C++ function)', '_CPPv41gv', '', None)),
+    ('js:function', True, True, 'f()', 'g()', ('single', 'g() (built-in function)', 'g', '', None)),
+    ('py:function', True, True, 'f()', 'g()', ('pair', 'built-in function; g()', 'g', '', None)),
+    ('rst:directive', True, False, 'f', 'g', ('single', 'g (directive)', 'directive-g', '', None)),
+    ('cmdoption', True, False, 'f', 'g', ('pair', 'command line option; g', 'cmdoption-arg-g', '', None)),
+    ('envvar', True, False, 'f', 'g', ('single', 'environment variable; g', 'envvar-g', '', None)),
+]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(('directive', 'no_index', 'no_index_entry', 'sig_f', 'sig_g', 'index_g'), DOMAINS)
+def test_object_description_no_typesetting(app, directive, no_index, no_index_entry, sig_f, sig_g, index_g):
+    text = (f'.. {directive}:: {sig_f}\n'
+            f'   :no-typesetting:\n')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index, nodes.target))
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(('directive', 'no_index', 'no_index_entry', 'sig_f', 'sig_g', 'index_g'), DOMAINS)
+def test_object_description_no_typesetting_twice(app, directive, no_index, no_index_entry, sig_f, sig_g, index_g):
+    text = (f'.. {directive}:: {sig_f}\n'
+            f'   :no-typesetting:\n'
+            f'.. {directive}:: {sig_g}\n'
+            f'   :no-typesetting:\n')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    # Note that all index nodes come before the target nodes
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index, addnodes.index, nodes.target, nodes.target))
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(('directive', 'no_index', 'no_index_entry', 'sig_f', 'sig_g', 'index_g'), DOMAINS)
+def test_object_description_no_typesetting_noindex_orig(app, directive, no_index, no_index_entry, sig_f, sig_g, index_g):
+    if not no_index:
+        pytest.skip(f'{directive} does not support :no-index: option')
+    text = (f'.. {directive}:: {sig_f}\n'
+            f'   :no-index:\n'
+            f'.. {directive}:: {sig_g}\n')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index, addnodes.desc, addnodes.index, addnodes.desc))
+    assert_node(doctree[2], addnodes.index, entries=[index_g])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(('directive', 'no_index', 'no_index_entry', 'sig_f', 'sig_g', 'index_g'), DOMAINS)
+def test_object_description_no_typesetting_noindex(app, directive, no_index, no_index_entry, sig_f, sig_g, index_g):
+    if not no_index:
+        pytest.skip(f'{directive} does not support :no-index: option')
+    text = (f'.. {directive}:: {sig_f}\n'
+            f'   :no-index:\n'
+            f'   :no-typesetting:\n'
+            f'.. {directive}:: {sig_g}\n'
+            f'   :no-typesetting:\n')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index, addnodes.index, nodes.target))
+    assert_node(doctree[0], addnodes.index, entries=[])
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.index, entries=[index_g])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(('directive', 'no_index', 'no_index_entry', 'sig_f', 'sig_g', 'index_g'), DOMAINS)
+def test_object_description_no_typesetting_no_index_entry(app, directive, no_index, no_index_entry, sig_f, sig_g, index_g):
+    if not no_index_entry:
+        pytest.skip(f'{directive} does not support :no-index-entry: option')
+    text = (f'.. {directive}:: {sig_f}\n'
+            f'   :no-index-entry:\n'
+            f'   :no-typesetting:\n'
+            f'.. {directive}:: {sig_g}\n'
+            f'   :no-typesetting:\n')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index, addnodes.index, nodes.target, nodes.target))
+    assert_node(doctree[0], addnodes.index, entries=[])
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.index, entries=[index_g])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(('directive', 'no_index', 'no_index_entry', 'sig_f', 'sig_g', 'index_g'), DOMAINS)
+def test_object_description_no_typesetting_code(app, directive, no_index, no_index_entry, sig_f, sig_g, index_g):
+    text = (f'.. {directive}:: {sig_f}\n'
+            f'   :no-typesetting:\n'
+            f'.. {directive}:: {sig_g}\n'
+            f'   :no-typesetting:\n'
+            f'.. code::\n'
+            f'\n'
+            f'   code\n')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    # Note that all index nodes come before the targets
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index, addnodes.index, nodes.target, nodes.target, nodes.literal_block))
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(('directive', 'no_index', 'no_index_entry', 'sig_f', 'sig_g', 'index_g'), DOMAINS)
+def test_object_description_no_typesetting_heading(app, directive, no_index, no_index_entry, sig_f, sig_g, index_g):
+    text = (f'.. {directive}:: {sig_f}\n'
+            f'   :no-typesetting:\n'
+            f'.. {directive}:: {sig_g}\n'
+            f'   :no-typesetting:\n'
+            f'\n'
+            f'Heading\n'
+            f'=======\n')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    # Note that all index nodes come before the targets and the heading is floated before those.
+    assert_node(doctree, (nodes.title, addnodes.index, addnodes.index, nodes.target, nodes.target))
diff --git a/tests/test_docutilsconf.py b/tests/test_docutilsconf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..def6cb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_docutilsconf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+"""Test docutils.conf support for several writers."""
+
+import pytest
+from docutils import nodes
+
+from sphinx.testing.util import assert_node
+from sphinx.util.docutils import patch_docutils
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='docutilsconf', freshenv=True)
+def test_html_with_default_docutilsconf(app, status, warning):
+    with patch_docutils(app.confdir):
+        app.build()
+
+    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('index')
+    assert_node(doctree[0][1], [nodes.paragraph, ("Sphinx ",
+                                                  [nodes.footnote_reference, "1"])])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='docutilsconf', freshenv=True,
+                    docutilsconf=('[restructuredtext parser]\n'
+                                  'trim_footnote_reference_space: true\n'))
+def test_html_with_docutilsconf(app, status, warning):
+    with patch_docutils(app.confdir):
+        app.build()
+
+    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('index')
+    assert_node(doctree[0][1], [nodes.paragraph, ("Sphinx",
+                                                  [nodes.footnote_reference, "1"])])
diff --git a/tests/test_domain_c.py b/tests/test_domain_c.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6582a0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_domain_c.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1076 @@
+"""Tests the C Domain"""
+
+import itertools
+import zlib
+from xml.etree import ElementTree
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx import addnodes
+from sphinx.addnodes import (
+    desc,
+    desc_content,
+    desc_name,
+    desc_parameter,
+    desc_parameterlist,
+    desc_sig_name,
+    desc_sig_space,
+    desc_signature,
+    desc_signature_line,
+    pending_xref,
+)
+from sphinx.domains.c import (
+    DefinitionError,
+    DefinitionParser,
+    Symbol,
+    _id_prefix,
+    _macroKeywords,
+    _max_id,
+)
+from sphinx.ext.intersphinx import load_mappings, normalize_intersphinx_mapping
+from sphinx.testing import restructuredtext
+from sphinx.testing.util import assert_node
+from sphinx.writers.text import STDINDENT
+
+
+class Config:
+    c_id_attributes = ["id_attr", 'LIGHTGBM_C_EXPORT']
+    c_paren_attributes = ["paren_attr"]
+    c_extra_keywords = _macroKeywords
+
+
+def parse(name, string):
+    parser = DefinitionParser(string, location=None, config=Config())
+    parser.allowFallbackExpressionParsing = False
+    ast = parser.parse_declaration(name, name)
+    parser.assert_end()
+    return ast
+
+
+def _check(name, input, idDict, output, key, asTextOutput):
+    if key is None:
+        key = name
+    key += ' '
+    if name in ('function', 'member'):
+        inputActual = input
+        outputAst = output
+        outputAsText = output
+    else:
+        inputActual = input.format(key='')
+        outputAst = output.format(key='')
+        outputAsText = output.format(key=key)
+    if asTextOutput is not None:
+        outputAsText = asTextOutput
+
+    # first a simple check of the AST
+    ast = parse(name, inputActual)
+    res = str(ast)
+    if res != outputAst:
+        print("")
+        print("Input:    ", input)
+        print("Result:   ", res)
+        print("Expected: ", outputAst)
+        raise DefinitionError
+    rootSymbol = Symbol(None, None, None, None, None)
+    symbol = rootSymbol.add_declaration(ast, docname="TestDoc", line=42)
+    parentNode = addnodes.desc()
+    signode = addnodes.desc_signature(input, '')
+    parentNode += signode
+    ast.describe_signature(signode, 'lastIsName', symbol, options={})
+    resAsText = parentNode.astext()
+    if resAsText != outputAsText:
+        print("")
+        print("Input:    ", input)
+        print("astext(): ", resAsText)
+        print("Expected: ", outputAsText)
+        raise DefinitionError
+
+    idExpected = [None]
+    for i in range(1, _max_id + 1):
+        if i in idDict:
+            idExpected.append(idDict[i])
+        else:
+            idExpected.append(idExpected[i - 1])
+    idActual = [None]
+    for i in range(1, _max_id + 1):
+        # try:
+        id = ast.get_id(version=i)
+        assert id is not None
+        idActual.append(id[len(_id_prefix[i]):])
+        # except NoOldIdError:
+        #     idActual.append(None)
+
+    res = [True]
+    for i in range(1, _max_id + 1):
+        res.append(idExpected[i] == idActual[i])
+
+    if not all(res):
+        print("input:    %s" % input.rjust(20))
+        for i in range(1, _max_id + 1):
+            if res[i]:
+                continue
+            print("Error in id version %d." % i)
+            print("result:   %s" % idActual[i])
+            print("expected: %s" % idExpected[i])
+        # print(rootSymbol.dump(0))
+        raise DefinitionError
+
+
+def check(name, input, idDict, output=None, key=None, asTextOutput=None):
+    if output is None:
+        output = input
+    # First, check without semicolon
+    _check(name, input, idDict, output, key, asTextOutput)
+    if name != 'macro':
+        # Second, check with semicolon
+        _check(name, input + ' ;', idDict, output + ';', key,
+               asTextOutput + ';' if asTextOutput is not None else None)
+
+
+def test_domain_c_ast_expressions():
+    def exprCheck(expr, output=None):
+        parser = DefinitionParser(expr, location=None, config=Config())
+        parser.allowFallbackExpressionParsing = False
+        ast = parser.parse_expression()
+        parser.assert_end()
+        # first a simple check of the AST
+        if output is None:
+            output = expr
+        res = str(ast)
+        if res != output:
+            print("")
+            print("Input:    ", input)
+            print("Result:   ", res)
+            print("Expected: ", output)
+            raise DefinitionError
+        displayString = ast.get_display_string()
+        if res != displayString:
+            # note: if the expression contains an anon name then this will trigger a falsely
+            print("")
+            print("Input:    ", expr)
+            print("Result:   ", res)
+            print("Display:  ", displayString)
+            raise DefinitionError
+
+    # type expressions
+    exprCheck('int*')
+    exprCheck('int *const*')
+    exprCheck('int *volatile*')
+    exprCheck('int *restrict*')
+    exprCheck('int *(*)(double)')
+    exprCheck('const int*')
+    exprCheck('__int64')
+    exprCheck('unsigned __int64')
+
+    # actual expressions
+
+    # primary
+    exprCheck('true')
+    exprCheck('false')
+    ints = ['5', '0', '075', '0x0123456789ABCDEF', '0XF', '0b1', '0B1',
+            "0b0'1'0", "00'1'2", "0x0'1'2", "1'2'3"]
+    unsignedSuffix = ['', 'u', 'U']
+    longSuffix = ['', 'l', 'L', 'll', 'LL']
+    for i in ints:
+        for u in unsignedSuffix:
+            for l in longSuffix:
+                expr = i + u + l
+                exprCheck(expr)
+                expr = i + l + u
+                exprCheck(expr)
+    for suffix in ['', 'f', 'F', 'l', 'L']:
+        for e in [
+                '5e42', '5e+42', '5e-42',
+                '5.', '5.e42', '5.e+42', '5.e-42',
+                '.5', '.5e42', '.5e+42', '.5e-42',
+                '5.0', '5.0e42', '5.0e+42', '5.0e-42',
+                "1'2'3e7'8'9", "1'2'3.e7'8'9",
+                ".4'5'6e7'8'9", "1'2'3.4'5'6e7'8'9"]:
+            expr = e + suffix
+            exprCheck(expr)
+        for e in [
+                'ApF', 'Ap+F', 'Ap-F',
+                'A.', 'A.pF', 'A.p+F', 'A.p-F',
+                '.A', '.ApF', '.Ap+F', '.Ap-F',
+                'A.B', 'A.BpF', 'A.Bp+F', 'A.Bp-F',
+                "A'B'Cp1'2'3", "A'B'C.p1'2'3",
+                ".D'E'Fp1'2'3", "A'B'C.D'E'Fp1'2'3"]:
+            expr = "0x" + e + suffix
+            exprCheck(expr)
+    exprCheck('"abc\\"cba"')  # string
+    # character literals
+    for p in ['', 'u8', 'u', 'U', 'L']:
+        exprCheck(p + "'a'")
+        exprCheck(p + "'\\n'")
+        exprCheck(p + "'\\012'")
+        exprCheck(p + "'\\0'")
+        exprCheck(p + "'\\x0a'")
+        exprCheck(p + "'\\x0A'")
+        exprCheck(p + "'\\u0a42'")
+        exprCheck(p + "'\\u0A42'")
+        exprCheck(p + "'\\U0001f34c'")
+        exprCheck(p + "'\\U0001F34C'")
+
+    exprCheck('(5)')
+    exprCheck('C')
+    # postfix
+    exprCheck('A(2)')
+    exprCheck('A[2]')
+    exprCheck('a.b.c')
+    exprCheck('a->b->c')
+    exprCheck('i++')
+    exprCheck('i--')
+    # unary
+    exprCheck('++5')
+    exprCheck('--5')
+    exprCheck('*5')
+    exprCheck('&5')
+    exprCheck('+5')
+    exprCheck('-5')
+    exprCheck('!5')
+    exprCheck('not 5')
+    exprCheck('~5')
+    exprCheck('compl 5')
+    exprCheck('sizeof(T)')
+    exprCheck('sizeof -42')
+    exprCheck('alignof(T)')
+    # cast
+    exprCheck('(int)2')
+    # binary op
+    exprCheck('5 || 42')
+    exprCheck('5 or 42')
+    exprCheck('5 && 42')
+    exprCheck('5 and 42')
+    exprCheck('5 | 42')
+    exprCheck('5 bitor 42')
+    exprCheck('5 ^ 42')
+    exprCheck('5 xor 42')
+    exprCheck('5 & 42')
+    exprCheck('5 bitand 42')
+    # ['==', '!=']
+    exprCheck('5 == 42')
+    exprCheck('5 != 42')
+    exprCheck('5 not_eq 42')
+    # ['<=', '>=', '<', '>']
+    exprCheck('5 <= 42')
+    exprCheck('5 >= 42')
+    exprCheck('5 < 42')
+    exprCheck('5 > 42')
+    # ['<<', '>>']
+    exprCheck('5 << 42')
+    exprCheck('5 >> 42')
+    # ['+', '-']
+    exprCheck('5 + 42')
+    exprCheck('5 - 42')
+    # ['*', '/', '%']
+    exprCheck('5 * 42')
+    exprCheck('5 / 42')
+    exprCheck('5 % 42')
+    # ['.*', '->*']
+    # conditional
+    # TODO
+    # assignment
+    exprCheck('a = 5')
+    exprCheck('a *= 5')
+    exprCheck('a /= 5')
+    exprCheck('a %= 5')
+    exprCheck('a += 5')
+    exprCheck('a -= 5')
+    exprCheck('a >>= 5')
+    exprCheck('a <<= 5')
+    exprCheck('a &= 5')
+    exprCheck('a and_eq 5')
+    exprCheck('a ^= 5')
+    exprCheck('a xor_eq 5')
+    exprCheck('a |= 5')
+    exprCheck('a or_eq 5')
+
+
+def test_domain_c_ast_fundamental_types():
+    def types():
+        def signed(t):
+            yield t
+            yield 'signed  ' + t
+            yield 'unsigned  ' + t
+
+        # integer types
+        # -------------
+        yield 'void'
+        yield from ('_Bool', 'bool')
+        yield from signed('char')
+        yield from signed('short')
+        yield from signed('short int')
+        yield from signed('int')
+        yield from ('signed', 'unsigned')
+        yield from signed('long')
+        yield from signed('long int')
+        yield from signed('long long')
+        yield from signed('long long int')
+        yield from ('__int128', '__uint128')
+        # extensions
+        for t in ('__int8', '__int16', '__int32', '__int64', '__int128'):
+            yield from signed(t)
+
+        # floating point types
+        # --------------------
+        yield from ('_Decimal32', '_Decimal64', '_Decimal128')
+        for f in ('float', 'double', 'long double'):
+            yield f
+            yield from (f + "  _Complex", f + "  complex")
+            yield from ("_Complex  " + f, "complex  " + f)
+            yield from ("_Imaginary  " + f, "imaginary  " + f)
+        # extensions
+        # https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Floating-Types.html#Floating-Types
+        yield from ('__float80', '_Float64x',
+                    '__float128', '_Float128',
+                    '__ibm128')
+        # https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Half-Precision.html#Half-Precision
+        yield '__fp16'
+
+        # fixed-point types (extension)
+        # -----------------------------
+        # https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Fixed-Point.html#Fixed-Point
+        for sat in ('', '_Sat  '):
+            for t in ('_Fract', 'fract', '_Accum', 'accum'):
+                for size in ('short  ', '', 'long  ', 'long long  '):
+                    for tt in signed(size + t):
+                        yield sat + tt
+
+    for t in types():
+        input = "{key}%s foo" % t
+        output = ' '.join(input.split())
+        check('type', input, {1: 'foo'}, key='typedef', output=output)
+        if ' ' in t:
+            # try permutations of all components
+            tcs = t.split()
+            for p in itertools.permutations(tcs):
+                input = "{key}%s foo" % ' '.join(p)
+                output = ' '.join(input.split())
+                check("type", input, {1: 'foo'}, key='typedef', output=output)
+
+
+def test_domain_c_ast_type_definitions():
+    check('type', "{key}T", {1: "T"})
+
+    check('type', "{key}bool *b", {1: 'b'}, key='typedef')
+    check('type', "{key}bool *const b", {1: 'b'}, key='typedef')
+    check('type', "{key}bool *const *b", {1: 'b'}, key='typedef')
+    check('type', "{key}bool *volatile *b", {1: 'b'}, key='typedef')
+    check('type', "{key}bool *restrict *b", {1: 'b'}, key='typedef')
+    check('type', "{key}bool *volatile const b", {1: 'b'}, key='typedef')
+    check('type', "{key}bool *volatile const b", {1: 'b'}, key='typedef')
+    check('type', "{key}bool *volatile const *b", {1: 'b'}, key='typedef')
+    check('type', "{key}bool b[]", {1: 'b'}, key='typedef')
+    check('type', "{key}long long int foo", {1: 'foo'}, key='typedef')
+    # test decl specs on right
+    check('type', "{key}bool const b", {1: 'b'}, key='typedef')
+
+    # from breathe#267 (named function parameters for function pointers
+    check('type', '{key}void (*gpio_callback_t)(struct device *port, uint32_t pin)',
+          {1: 'gpio_callback_t'}, key='typedef')
+
+
+def test_domain_c_ast_macro_definitions():
+    check('macro', 'M', {1: 'M'})
+    check('macro', 'M()', {1: 'M'})
+    check('macro', 'M(arg)', {1: 'M'})
+    check('macro', 'M(arg1, arg2)', {1: 'M'})
+    check('macro', 'M(arg1, arg2, arg3)', {1: 'M'})
+    check('macro', 'M(...)', {1: 'M'})
+    check('macro', 'M(arg, ...)', {1: 'M'})
+    check('macro', 'M(arg1, arg2, ...)', {1: 'M'})
+    check('macro', 'M(arg1, arg2, arg3, ...)', {1: 'M'})
+    # GNU extension
+    check('macro', 'M(arg1, arg2, arg3...)', {1: 'M'})
+    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
+        check('macro', 'M(arg1, arg2..., arg3)', {1: 'M'})
+
+
+def test_domain_c_ast_member_definitions():
+    check('member', 'void a', {1: 'a'})
+    check('member', '_Bool a', {1: 'a'})
+    check('member', 'bool a', {1: 'a'})
+    check('member', 'char a', {1: 'a'})
+    check('member', 'int a', {1: 'a'})
+    check('member', 'float a', {1: 'a'})
+    check('member', 'double a', {1: 'a'})
+
+    check('member', 'unsigned long a', {1: 'a'})
+    check('member', '__int64 a', {1: 'a'})
+    check('member', 'unsigned __int64 a', {1: 'a'})
+
+    check('member', 'int .a', {1: 'a'})
+
+    check('member', 'int *a', {1: 'a'})
+    check('member', 'int **a', {1: 'a'})
+    check('member', 'const int a', {1: 'a'})
+    check('member', 'volatile int a', {1: 'a'})
+    check('member', 'restrict int a', {1: 'a'})
+    check('member', 'volatile const int a', {1: 'a'})
+    check('member', 'restrict const int a', {1: 'a'})
+    check('member', 'restrict volatile int a', {1: 'a'})
+    check('member', 'restrict volatile const int a', {1: 'a'})
+
+    check('member', 'T t', {1: 't'})
+
+    check('member', 'int a[]', {1: 'a'})
+
+    check('member', 'int (*p)[]', {1: 'p'})
+
+    check('member', 'int a[42]', {1: 'a'})
+    check('member', 'int a = 42', {1: 'a'})
+    check('member', 'T a = {}', {1: 'a'})
+    check('member', 'T a = {1}', {1: 'a'})
+    check('member', 'T a = {1, 2}', {1: 'a'})
+    check('member', 'T a = {1, 2, 3}', {1: 'a'})
+
+    # test from issue #1539
+    check('member', 'CK_UTF8CHAR model[16]', {1: 'model'})
+
+    check('member', 'auto int a', {1: 'a'})
+    check('member', 'register int a', {1: 'a'})
+    check('member', 'extern int a', {1: 'a'})
+    check('member', 'static int a', {1: 'a'})
+
+    check('member', 'thread_local int a', {1: 'a'})
+    check('member', '_Thread_local int a', {1: 'a'})
+    check('member', 'extern thread_local int a', {1: 'a'})
+    check('member', 'thread_local extern int a', {1: 'a'},
+          'extern thread_local int a')
+    check('member', 'static thread_local int a', {1: 'a'})
+    check('member', 'thread_local static int a', {1: 'a'},
+          'static thread_local int a')
+
+    check('member', 'int b : 3', {1: 'b'})
+
+
+def test_domain_c_ast_function_definitions():
+    check('function', 'void f()', {1: 'f'})
+    check('function', 'void f(int)', {1: 'f'})
+    check('function', 'void f(int i)', {1: 'f'})
+    check('function', 'void f(int i, int j)', {1: 'f'})
+    check('function', 'void f(...)', {1: 'f'})
+    check('function', 'void f(int i, ...)', {1: 'f'})
+    check('function', 'void f(struct T)', {1: 'f'})
+    check('function', 'void f(struct T t)', {1: 'f'})
+    check('function', 'void f(union T)', {1: 'f'})
+    check('function', 'void f(union T t)', {1: 'f'})
+    check('function', 'void f(enum T)', {1: 'f'})
+    check('function', 'void f(enum T t)', {1: 'f'})
+
+    # test from issue #1539
+    check('function', 'void f(A x[])', {1: 'f'})
+
+    # test from issue #2377
+    check('function', 'void (*signal(int sig, void (*func)(int)))(int)', {1: 'signal'})
+
+    check('function', 'extern void f()', {1: 'f'})
+    check('function', 'static void f()', {1: 'f'})
+    check('function', 'inline void f()', {1: 'f'})
+
+    # tests derived from issue #1753 (skip to keep sanity)
+    check('function', "void f(float *q(double))", {1: 'f'})
+    check('function', "void f(float *(*q)(double))", {1: 'f'})
+    check('function', "void f(float (*q)(double))", {1: 'f'})
+    check('function', "int (*f(double d))(float)", {1: 'f'})
+    check('function', "int (*f(bool b))[5]", {1: 'f'})
+    check('function', "void f(int *const p)", {1: 'f'})
+    check('function', "void f(int *volatile const p)", {1: 'f'})
+
+    # from breathe#223
+    check('function', 'void f(struct E e)', {1: 'f'})
+    check('function', 'void f(enum E e)', {1: 'f'})
+    check('function', 'void f(union E e)', {1: 'f'})
+
+    # array declarators
+    check('function', 'void f(int arr[])', {1: 'f'})
+    check('function', 'void f(int arr[*])', {1: 'f'})
+    cvrs = ['', 'const', 'volatile', 'restrict', 'restrict volatile const']
+    for cvr in cvrs:
+        space = ' ' if len(cvr) != 0 else ''
+        check('function', f'void f(int arr[{cvr}*])', {1: 'f'})
+        check('function', f'void f(int arr[{cvr}])', {1: 'f'})
+        check('function', f'void f(int arr[{cvr}{space}42])', {1: 'f'})
+        check('function', f'void f(int arr[static{space}{cvr} 42])', {1: 'f'})
+        check('function', f'void f(int arr[{cvr}{space}static 42])', {1: 'f'},
+              output=f'void f(int arr[static{space}{cvr} 42])')
+    check('function', 'void f(int arr[const static volatile 42])', {1: 'f'},
+          output='void f(int arr[static volatile const 42])')
+
+    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
+        parse('function', 'void f(int for)')
+
+    # from #8960
+    check('function', 'void f(void (*p)(int, double), int i)', {1: 'f'})
+
+
+def test_domain_c_ast_nested_name():
+    check('struct', '{key}.A', {1: "A"})
+    check('struct', '{key}.A.B', {1: "A.B"})
+    check('function', 'void f(.A a)', {1: "f"})
+    check('function', 'void f(.A.B a)', {1: "f"})
+
+
+def test_domain_c_ast_struct_definitions():
+    check('struct', '{key}A', {1: 'A'})
+
+
+def test_domain_c_ast_union_definitions():
+    check('union', '{key}A', {1: 'A'})
+
+
+def test_domain_c_ast_enum_definitions():
+    check('enum', '{key}A', {1: 'A'})
+
+    check('enumerator', '{key}A', {1: 'A'})
+    check('enumerator', '{key}A = 42', {1: 'A'})
+
+
+def test_domain_c_ast_anon_definitions():
+    check('struct', '@a', {1: "@a"}, asTextOutput='struct [anonymous]')
+    check('union', '@a', {1: "@a"}, asTextOutput='union [anonymous]')
+    check('enum', '@a', {1: "@a"}, asTextOutput='enum [anonymous]')
+    check('struct', '@1', {1: "@1"}, asTextOutput='struct [anonymous]')
+    check('struct', '@a.A', {1: "@a.A"}, asTextOutput='struct [anonymous].A')
+
+
+def test_domain_c_ast_initializers():
+    idsMember = {1: 'v'}
+    idsFunction = {1: 'f'}
+    # no init
+    check('member', 'T v', idsMember)
+    check('function', 'void f(T v)', idsFunction)
+    # with '=', assignment-expression
+    check('member', 'T v = 42', idsMember)
+    check('function', 'void f(T v = 42)', idsFunction)
+    # with '=', braced-init
+    check('member', 'T v = {}', idsMember)
+    check('function', 'void f(T v = {})', idsFunction)
+    check('member', 'T v = {42, 42, 42}', idsMember)
+    check('function', 'void f(T v = {42, 42, 42})', idsFunction)
+    check('member', 'T v = {42, 42, 42,}', idsMember)
+    check('function', 'void f(T v = {42, 42, 42,})', idsFunction)
+    # TODO: designator-list
+
+
+def test_domain_c_ast_attributes():
+    # style: C++
+    check('member', '[[]] int f', {1: 'f'})
+    check('member', '[ [ ] ] int f', {1: 'f'},
+          # this will fail when the proper grammar is implemented
+          output='[[ ]] int f')
+    check('member', '[[a]] int f', {1: 'f'})
+    # style: GNU
+    check('member', '__attribute__(()) int f', {1: 'f'})
+    check('member', '__attribute__((a)) int f', {1: 'f'})
+    check('member', '__attribute__((a, b)) int f', {1: 'f'})
+    check('member', '__attribute__((optimize(3))) int f', {1: 'f'})
+    check('member', '__attribute__((format(printf, 1, 2))) int f', {1: 'f'})
+    # style: user-defined id
+    check('member', 'id_attr int f', {1: 'f'})
+    # style: user-defined paren
+    check('member', 'paren_attr() int f', {1: 'f'})
+    check('member', 'paren_attr(a) int f', {1: 'f'})
+    check('member', 'paren_attr("") int f', {1: 'f'})
+    check('member', 'paren_attr(()[{}][]{}) int f', {1: 'f'})
+    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
+        parse('member', 'paren_attr(() int f')
+    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
+        parse('member', 'paren_attr([) int f')
+    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
+        parse('member', 'paren_attr({) int f')
+    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
+        parse('member', 'paren_attr([)]) int f')
+    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
+        parse('member', 'paren_attr((])) int f')
+    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
+        parse('member', 'paren_attr({]}) int f')
+
+    # position: decl specs
+    check('function', 'static inline __attribute__(()) void f()', {1: 'f'},
+          output='__attribute__(()) static inline void f()')
+    check('function', '[[attr1]] [[attr2]] void f()', {1: 'f'})
+    # position: declarator
+    check('member', 'int *[[attr1]] [[attr2]] i', {1: 'i'})
+    check('member', 'int *const [[attr1]] [[attr2]] volatile i', {1: 'i'},
+          output='int *[[attr1]] [[attr2]] volatile const i')
+    check('member', 'int *[[attr1]] [[attr2]] *i', {1: 'i'})
+    # position: parameters
+    check('function', 'void f() [[attr1]] [[attr2]]', {1: 'f'})
+
+    # position: enumerator
+    check('enumerator', '{key}Foo [[attr1]] [[attr2]]', {1: 'Foo'})
+    check('enumerator', '{key}Foo [[attr1]] [[attr2]] = 42', {1: 'Foo'})
+
+    # issue michaeljones/breathe#500
+    check('function', 'LIGHTGBM_C_EXPORT int LGBM_BoosterFree(int handle)',
+          {1: 'LGBM_BoosterFree'})
+
+
+def test_extra_keywords():
+    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError,
+                       match='Expected identifier in nested name'):
+        parse('function', 'void complex(void)')
+
+
+# def test_print():
+#     # used for getting all the ids out for checking
+#     for a in ids:
+#         print(a)
+#     raise DefinitionError
+
+
+def split_warnigns(warning):
+    ws = warning.getvalue().split("\n")
+    assert len(ws) >= 1
+    assert ws[-1] == ""
+    return ws[:-1]
+
+
+def filter_warnings(warning, file):
+    lines = split_warnigns(warning)
+    res = [l for l in lines if "domain-c" in l and f"{file}.rst" in l and
+           "WARNING: document isn't included in any toctree" not in l]
+    print(f"Filtered warnings for file '{file}':")
+    for w in res:
+        print(w)
+    return res
+
+
+def extract_role_links(app, filename):
+    t = (app.outdir / filename).read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    lis = [l for l in t.split('\n') if l.startswith("<li")]
+    entries = []
+    for l in lis:
+        li = ElementTree.fromstring(l)  # NoQA: S314  # using known data in tests
+        aList = list(li.iter('a'))
+        assert len(aList) == 1
+        a = aList[0]
+        target = a.attrib['href'].lstrip('#')
+        title = a.attrib['title']
+        assert len(a) == 1
+        code = a[0]
+        assert code.tag == 'code'
+        text = ''.join(code.itertext())
+        entries.append((target, title, text))
+    return entries
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='domain-c', confoverrides={'nitpicky': True})
+def test_domain_c_build(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    ws = filter_warnings(warning, "index")
+    assert len(ws) == 0
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='domain-c', confoverrides={'nitpicky': True})
+def test_domain_c_build_namespace(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    ws = filter_warnings(warning, "namespace")
+    assert len(ws) == 0
+    t = (app.outdir / "namespace.html").read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    for id_ in ('NS.NSVar', 'NULLVar', 'ZeroVar', 'NS2.NS3.NS2NS3Var', 'PopVar'):
+        assert f'id="c.{id_}"' in t
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='domain-c', confoverrides={'nitpicky': True})
+def test_domain_c_build_anon_dup_decl(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    ws = filter_warnings(warning, "anon-dup-decl")
+    assert len(ws) == 2
+    assert "WARNING: c:identifier reference target not found: @a" in ws[0]
+    assert "WARNING: c:identifier reference target not found: @b" in ws[1]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(confoverrides={'nitpicky': True})
+def test_domain_c_build_semicolon(app, warning):
+    text = """
+.. c:member:: int member;
+.. c:var:: int var;
+.. c:function:: void f();
+.. .. c:macro:: NO_SEMICOLON;
+.. c:struct:: Struct;
+.. c:union:: Union;
+.. c:enum:: Enum;
+.. c:enumerator:: Enumerator;
+.. c:type:: Type;
+.. c:type:: int TypeDef;
+"""
+    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    ws = split_warnigns(warning)
+    assert len(ws) == 0
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='domain-c', confoverrides={'nitpicky': True})
+def test_domain_c_build_function_param_target(app, warning):
+    # the anchor for function parameters should be the function
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    ws = filter_warnings(warning, "function_param_target")
+    assert len(ws) == 0
+    entries = extract_role_links(app, "function_param_target.html")
+    assert entries == [
+        ('c.function_param_target.f', 'i', 'i'),
+        ('c.function_param_target.f', 'f.i', 'f.i'),
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='domain-c', confoverrides={'nitpicky': True})
+def test_domain_c_build_ns_lookup(app, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    ws = filter_warnings(warning, "ns_lookup")
+    assert len(ws) == 0
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='domain-c', confoverrides={'nitpicky': True})
+def test_domain_c_build_field_role(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    ws = filter_warnings(warning, "field-role")
+    assert len(ws) == 0
+
+
+def _get_obj(app, queryName):
+    domain = app.env.get_domain('c')
+    for name, _dispname, objectType, docname, anchor, _prio in domain.get_objects():
+        if name == queryName:
+            return (docname, anchor, objectType)
+    return (queryName, "not", "found")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='domain-c-intersphinx', confoverrides={'nitpicky': True})
+def test_domain_c_build_intersphinx(tmp_path, app, status, warning):
+    # a splitting of test_ids_vs_tags0 into the primary directives in a remote project,
+    # and then the references in the test project
+    origSource = """\
+.. c:member:: int _member
+.. c:var:: int _var
+.. c:function:: void _function()
+.. c:macro:: _macro
+.. c:struct:: _struct
+.. c:union:: _union
+.. c:enum:: _enum
+
+    .. c:enumerator:: _enumerator
+
+.. c:type:: _type
+.. c:function:: void _functionParam(int param)
+"""  # noqa: F841
+    inv_file = tmp_path / 'inventory'
+    inv_file.write_bytes(b'''\
+# Sphinx inventory version 2
+# Project: C Intersphinx Test
+# Version: 
+# The remainder of this file is compressed using zlib.
+''' + zlib.compress(b'''\
+_enum c:enum 1 index.html#c.$ -
+_enum._enumerator c:enumerator 1 index.html#c.$ -
+_enumerator c:enumerator 1 index.html#c._enum.$ -
+_function c:function 1 index.html#c.$ -
+_functionParam c:function 1 index.html#c.$ -
+_functionParam.param c:functionParam 1 index.html#c._functionParam -
+_macro c:macro 1 index.html#c.$ -
+_member c:member 1 index.html#c.$ -
+_struct c:struct 1 index.html#c.$ -
+_type c:type 1 index.html#c.$ -
+_union c:union 1 index.html#c.$ -
+_var c:member 1 index.html#c.$ -
+'''))  # noqa: W291
+    app.config.intersphinx_mapping = {
+        'https://localhost/intersphinx/c/': str(inv_file),
+    }
+    app.config.intersphinx_cache_limit = 0
+    # load the inventory and check if it's done correctly
+    normalize_intersphinx_mapping(app, app.config)
+    load_mappings(app)
+
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    ws = filter_warnings(warning, "index")
+    assert len(ws) == 0
+
+
+def test_domain_c_parse_cfunction(app):
+    text = (".. c:function:: PyObject* "
+            "PyType_GenericAlloc(PyTypeObject *type, Py_ssize_t nitems)")
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="function",
+                domain="c", objtype="function", no_index=False)
+
+    entry = _get_obj(app, 'PyType_GenericAlloc')
+    assert entry == ('index', 'c.PyType_GenericAlloc', 'function')
+
+
+def test_domain_c_parse_cmember(app):
+    text = ".. c:member:: PyObject* PyTypeObject.tp_bases"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="member",
+                domain="c", objtype="member", no_index=False)
+
+    entry = _get_obj(app, 'PyTypeObject.tp_bases')
+    assert entry == ('index', 'c.PyTypeObject.tp_bases', 'member')
+
+
+def test_domain_c_parse_cvar(app):
+    text = ".. c:var:: PyObject* PyClass_Type"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="var",
+                domain="c", objtype="var", no_index=False)
+
+    entry = _get_obj(app, 'PyClass_Type')
+    assert entry == ('index', 'c.PyClass_Type', 'member')
+
+
+def test_domain_c_parse_no_index_entry(app):
+    text = (".. c:function:: void f()\n"
+            ".. c:function:: void g()\n"
+            "   :no-index-entry:\n")
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index, desc, addnodes.index, desc))
+    assert_node(doctree[0], addnodes.index, entries=[('single', 'f (C function)', 'c.f', '', None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[2], addnodes.index, entries=[])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
+    'c_maximum_signature_line_length': len("str hello(str name)"),
+})
+def test_cfunction_signature_with_c_maximum_signature_line_length_equal(app):
+    text = ".. c:function:: str hello(str name)"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_signature_line, (
+                    pending_xref,
+                    desc_sig_space,
+                    [desc_name, [desc_sig_name, "hello"]],
+                    desc_parameterlist,
+                )],
+            )],
+            desc_content,
+        )],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="function",
+                domain="c", objtype="function", no_index=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
+        [pending_xref, [desc_sig_name, "str"]],
+        desc_sig_space,
+        [desc_sig_name, "name"],
+    )])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
+    'c_maximum_signature_line_length': len("str hello(str name)"),
+})
+def test_cfunction_signature_with_c_maximum_signature_line_length_force_single(app):
+    text = (".. c:function:: str hello(str names)\n"
+            "   :single-line-parameter-list:")
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_signature_line, (
+                    pending_xref,
+                    desc_sig_space,
+                    [desc_name, [desc_sig_name, "hello"]],
+                    desc_parameterlist,
+                )],
+            )],
+            desc_content,
+        )],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="function",
+                domain="c", objtype="function", no_index=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
+        [pending_xref, [desc_sig_name, "str"]],
+        desc_sig_space,
+        [desc_sig_name, "names"],
+    )])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
+    'c_maximum_signature_line_length': len("str hello(str name)"),
+})
+def test_cfunction_signature_with_c_maximum_signature_line_length_break(app):
+    text = ".. c:function:: str hello(str names)"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_signature_line, (
+                    pending_xref,
+                    desc_sig_space,
+                    [desc_name, [desc_sig_name, "hello"]],
+                    desc_parameterlist,
+                )],
+            )],
+            desc_content,
+        )],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="function",
+                domain="c", objtype="function", no_index=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
+        [pending_xref, [desc_sig_name, "str"]],
+        desc_sig_space,
+        [desc_sig_name, "names"],
+    )])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=True)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
+    'maximum_signature_line_length': len("str hello(str name)"),
+})
+def test_cfunction_signature_with_maximum_signature_line_length_equal(app):
+    text = ".. c:function:: str hello(str name)"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_signature_line, (
+                    pending_xref,
+                    desc_sig_space,
+                    [desc_name, [desc_sig_name, "hello"]],
+                    desc_parameterlist,
+                )],
+            )],
+            desc_content,
+        )],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="function",
+                domain="c", objtype="function", no_index=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
+        [pending_xref, [desc_sig_name, "str"]],
+        desc_sig_space,
+        [desc_sig_name, "name"],
+    )])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
+    'maximum_signature_line_length': len("str hello(str name)"),
+})
+def test_cfunction_signature_with_maximum_signature_line_length_force_single(app):
+    text = (".. c:function:: str hello(str names)\n"
+            "   :single-line-parameter-list:")
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_signature_line, (
+                    pending_xref,
+                    desc_sig_space,
+                    [desc_name, [desc_sig_name, "hello"]],
+                    desc_parameterlist,
+                )],
+            )],
+            desc_content,
+        )],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="function",
+                domain="c", objtype="function", no_index=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
+        [pending_xref, [desc_sig_name, "str"]],
+        desc_sig_space,
+        [desc_sig_name, "names"],
+    )])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
+    'maximum_signature_line_length': len("str hello(str name)"),
+})
+def test_cfunction_signature_with_maximum_signature_line_length_break(app):
+    text = ".. c:function:: str hello(str names)"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_signature_line, (
+                    pending_xref,
+                    desc_sig_space,
+                    [desc_name, [desc_sig_name, "hello"]],
+                    desc_parameterlist,
+                )],
+            )],
+            desc_content,
+        )],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="function",
+                domain="c", objtype="function", no_index=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
+        [pending_xref, [desc_sig_name, "str"]],
+        desc_sig_space,
+        [desc_sig_name, "names"],
+    )])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=True)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
+    'c_maximum_signature_line_length': len('str hello(str name)'),
+    'maximum_signature_line_length': 1,
+})
+def test_c_maximum_signature_line_length_overrides_global(app):
+    text = '.. c:function:: str hello(str name)'
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_signature_line, (
+                    pending_xref,
+                    desc_sig_space,
+                    [desc_name, [desc_sig_name, 'hello']],
+                    desc_parameterlist,
+                )]
+            )],
+            desc_content,
+        )],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype='function',
+                domain='c', objtype='function', no_index=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
+        [pending_xref, [desc_sig_name, "str"]],
+        desc_sig_space,
+        [desc_sig_name, 'name'],
+    )])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='domain-c-c_maximum_signature_line_length')
+def test_domain_c_c_maximum_signature_line_length_in_html(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf-8')
+    expected = """\
+
+<dl>
+<dd>\
+<span class="n"><span class="pre">str</span></span>\
+<span class="w"> </span>\
+<span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span>,\
+</dd>
+</dl>
+
+<span class="sig-paren">)</span>\
+<a class="headerlink" href="#c.hello" title="Link to this definition">¶</a>\
+<br />\
+</dt>
+"""
+    assert expected in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'text', testroot='domain-c-c_maximum_signature_line_length',
+)
+def test_domain_c_c_maximum_signature_line_length_in_text(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    param_line_fmt = STDINDENT * " " + "{}\n"
+
+    expected_parameter_list_hello = "(\n{})".format(param_line_fmt.format("str name,"))
+
+    assert expected_parameter_list_hello in content
diff --git a/tests/test_domain_cpp.py b/tests/test_domain_cpp.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dcc2b0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_domain_cpp.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1744 @@
+"""Tests the C++ Domain"""
+
+import itertools
+import re
+import zlib
+
+import pytest
+
+import sphinx.domains.cpp
+from sphinx import addnodes
+from sphinx.addnodes import (
+    desc,
+    desc_content,
+    desc_name,
+    desc_parameter,
+    desc_parameterlist,
+    desc_sig_name,
+    desc_sig_space,
+    desc_signature,
+    desc_signature_line,
+    pending_xref,
+)
+from sphinx.domains.cpp import (
+    DefinitionError,
+    DefinitionParser,
+    NoOldIdError,
+    Symbol,
+    _id_prefix,
+    _max_id,
+)
+from sphinx.ext.intersphinx import load_mappings, normalize_intersphinx_mapping
+from sphinx.testing import restructuredtext
+from sphinx.testing.util import assert_node
+from sphinx.writers.text import STDINDENT
+
+
+def parse(name, string):
+    class Config:
+        cpp_id_attributes = ["id_attr"]
+        cpp_paren_attributes = ["paren_attr"]
+    parser = DefinitionParser(string, location=None, config=Config())
+    parser.allowFallbackExpressionParsing = False
+    ast = parser.parse_declaration(name, name)
+    parser.assert_end()
+    # The scopedness would usually have been set by CPPEnumObject
+    if name == "enum":
+        ast.scoped = None  # simulate unscoped enum
+    return ast
+
+
+def _check(name, input, idDict, output, key, asTextOutput):
+    if key is None:
+        key = name
+    key += ' '
+    if name in ('function', 'member'):
+        inputActual = input
+        outputAst = output
+        outputAsText = output
+    else:
+        inputActual = input.format(key='')
+        outputAst = output.format(key='')
+        outputAsText = output.format(key=key)
+    if asTextOutput is not None:
+        outputAsText = asTextOutput
+
+    # first a simple check of the AST
+    ast = parse(name, inputActual)
+    res = str(ast)
+    if res != outputAst:
+        print("")
+        print("Input:    ", input)
+        print("Result:   ", res)
+        print("Expected: ", outputAst)
+        raise DefinitionError
+    rootSymbol = Symbol(None, None, None, None, None, None, None)
+    symbol = rootSymbol.add_declaration(ast, docname="TestDoc", line=42)
+    parentNode = addnodes.desc()
+    signode = addnodes.desc_signature(input, '')
+    parentNode += signode
+    ast.describe_signature(signode, 'lastIsName', symbol, options={})
+    resAsText = parentNode.astext()
+    if resAsText != outputAsText:
+        print("")
+        print("Input:    ", input)
+        print("astext(): ", resAsText)
+        print("Expected: ", outputAsText)
+        print("Node:", parentNode)
+        raise DefinitionError
+
+    idExpected = [None]
+    for i in range(1, _max_id + 1):
+        if i in idDict:
+            idExpected.append(idDict[i])
+        else:
+            idExpected.append(idExpected[i - 1])
+    idActual = [None]
+    for i in range(1, _max_id + 1):
+        try:
+            id = ast.get_id(version=i)
+            assert id is not None
+            idActual.append(id[len(_id_prefix[i]):])
+        except NoOldIdError:
+            idActual.append(None)
+
+    res = [True]
+    for i in range(1, _max_id + 1):
+        res.append(idExpected[i] == idActual[i])
+
+    if not all(res):
+        print("input:    %s" % input.rjust(20))
+        for i in range(1, _max_id + 1):
+            if res[i]:
+                continue
+            print("Error in id version %d." % i)
+            print("result:   %s" % idActual[i])
+            print("expected: %s" % idExpected[i])
+        print(rootSymbol.dump(0))
+        raise DefinitionError
+
+
+def check(name, input, idDict, output=None, key=None, asTextOutput=None):
+    if output is None:
+        output = input
+    # First, check without semicolon
+    _check(name, input, idDict, output, key, asTextOutput)
+    # Second, check with semicolon
+    _check(name, input + ' ;', idDict, output + ';', key,
+           asTextOutput + ';' if asTextOutput is not None else None)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(('type_', 'id_v2'),
+                         sphinx.domains.cpp._id_fundamental_v2.items())
+def test_domain_cpp_ast_fundamental_types(type_, id_v2):
+    # see https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/types
+    def make_id_v1():
+        if type_ == 'decltype(auto)':
+            return None
+        id_ = type_.replace(" ", "-").replace("long", "l")
+        if "__int" not in type_:
+            id_ = id_.replace("int", "i")
+        id_ = id_.replace("bool", "b").replace("char", "c")
+        id_ = id_.replace("wc_t", "wchar_t").replace("c16_t", "char16_t")
+        id_ = id_.replace("c8_t", "char8_t")
+        id_ = id_.replace("c32_t", "char32_t")
+        return f"f__{id_}"
+
+    def make_id_v2():
+        id_ = id_v2
+        if type_ == "std::nullptr_t":
+            id_ = "NSt9nullptr_tE"
+        return f"1f{id_}"
+
+    id1 = make_id_v1()
+    id2 = make_id_v2()
+
+    input = f"void f({type_.replace(' ', '  ')} arg)"
+    output = f"void f({type_} arg)"
+
+    check("function", input, {1: id1, 2: id2}, output=output)
+    if ' ' in type_:
+        # try permutations of all components
+        tcs = type_.split()
+        for p in itertools.permutations(tcs):
+            input = f"void f({' '.join(p)} arg)"
+            check("function", input, {1: id1, 2: id2})
+
+
+def test_domain_cpp_ast_expressions():
+    def exprCheck(expr, id, id4=None):
+        ids = 'IE1CIA%s_1aE'
+        # call .format() on the expr to unescape double curly braces
+        idDict = {2: ids % expr.format(), 3: ids % id}
+        if id4 is not None:
+            idDict[4] = ids % id4
+        check('class', 'template<> {key}C<a[%s]>' % expr, idDict)
+
+        class Config:
+            cpp_id_attributes = ["id_attr"]
+            cpp_paren_attributes = ["paren_attr"]
+
+        parser = DefinitionParser(expr, location=None,
+                                  config=Config())
+        parser.allowFallbackExpressionParsing = False
+        ast = parser.parse_expression()
+        res = str(ast)
+        if res != expr:
+            print("")
+            print("Input:    ", expr)
+            print("Result:   ", res)
+            raise DefinitionError
+        displayString = ast.get_display_string()
+        if res != displayString:
+            # note: if the expression contains an anon name then this will trigger a falsely
+            print("")
+            print("Input:    ", expr)
+            print("Result:   ", res)
+            print("Display:  ", displayString)
+            raise DefinitionError
+
+    # primary
+    exprCheck('nullptr', 'LDnE')
+    exprCheck('true', 'L1E')
+    exprCheck('false', 'L0E')
+    ints = ['5', '0', '075', '0x0123456789ABCDEF', '0XF', '0b1', '0B1',
+            "0b0'1'0", "00'1'2", "0x0'1'2", "1'2'3"]
+    unsignedSuffix = ['', 'u', 'U']
+    longSuffix = ['', 'l', 'L', 'll', 'LL']
+    for i in ints:
+        for u in unsignedSuffix:
+            for l in longSuffix:
+                expr = i + u + l
+                exprCheck(expr, 'L' + expr.replace("'", "") + 'E')
+                expr = i + l + u
+                exprCheck(expr, 'L' + expr.replace("'", "") + 'E')
+    decimalFloats = ['5e42', '5e+42', '5e-42',
+                     '5.', '5.e42', '5.e+42', '5.e-42',
+                     '.5', '.5e42', '.5e+42', '.5e-42',
+                     '5.0', '5.0e42', '5.0e+42', '5.0e-42',
+                     "1'2'3e7'8'9", "1'2'3.e7'8'9",
+                     ".4'5'6e7'8'9", "1'2'3.4'5'6e7'8'9"]
+    hexFloats = ['ApF', 'Ap+F', 'Ap-F',
+                 'A.', 'A.pF', 'A.p+F', 'A.p-F',
+                 '.A', '.ApF', '.Ap+F', '.Ap-F',
+                 'A.B', 'A.BpF', 'A.Bp+F', 'A.Bp-F',
+                 "A'B'Cp1'2'3", "A'B'C.p1'2'3",
+                 ".D'E'Fp1'2'3", "A'B'C.D'E'Fp1'2'3"]
+    for suffix in ['', 'f', 'F', 'l', 'L']:
+        for e in decimalFloats:
+            expr = e + suffix
+            exprCheck(expr, 'L' + expr.replace("'", "") + 'E')
+        for e in hexFloats:
+            expr = "0x" + e + suffix
+            exprCheck(expr, 'L' + expr.replace("'", "") + 'E')
+    exprCheck('"abc\\"cba"', 'LA8_KcE')  # string
+    exprCheck('this', 'fpT')
+    # character literals
+    charPrefixAndIds = [('', 'c'), ('u8', 'c'), ('u', 'Ds'), ('U', 'Di'), ('L', 'w')]
+    chars = [('a', '97'), ('\\n', '10'), ('\\012', '10'), ('\\0', '0'),
+             ('\\x0a', '10'), ('\\x0A', '10'), ('\\u0a42', '2626'), ('\\u0A42', '2626'),
+             ('\\U0001f34c', '127820'), ('\\U0001F34C', '127820')]
+    for p, t in charPrefixAndIds:
+        for c, val in chars:
+            exprCheck(f"{p}'{c}'", t + val)
+    # user-defined literals
+    for i in ints:
+        exprCheck(i + '_udl', 'clL_Zli4_udlEL' + i.replace("'", "") + 'EE')
+        exprCheck(i + 'uludl', 'clL_Zli5uludlEL' + i.replace("'", "") + 'EE')
+    for f in decimalFloats:
+        exprCheck(f + '_udl', 'clL_Zli4_udlEL' + f.replace("'", "") + 'EE')
+        exprCheck(f + 'fudl', 'clL_Zli4fudlEL' + f.replace("'", "") + 'EE')
+    for f in hexFloats:
+        exprCheck('0x' + f + '_udl', 'clL_Zli4_udlEL0x' + f.replace("'", "") + 'EE')
+    for p, t in charPrefixAndIds:
+        for c, val in chars:
+            exprCheck(f"{p}'{c}'_udl", 'clL_Zli4_udlE' + t + val + 'E')
+    exprCheck('"abc"_udl', 'clL_Zli4_udlELA3_KcEE')
+    # from issue #7294
+    exprCheck('6.62607015e-34q_J', 'clL_Zli3q_JEL6.62607015e-34EE')
+
+    # fold expressions, paren, name
+    exprCheck('(... + Ns)', '(... + Ns)', id4='flpl2Ns')
+    exprCheck('(Ns + ...)', '(Ns + ...)', id4='frpl2Ns')
+    exprCheck('(Ns + ... + 0)', '(Ns + ... + 0)', id4='fLpl2NsL0E')
+    exprCheck('(5)', 'L5E')
+    exprCheck('C', '1C')
+    # postfix
+    exprCheck('A(2)', 'cl1AL2EE')
+    exprCheck('A[2]', 'ix1AL2E')
+    exprCheck('a.b.c', 'dtdt1a1b1c')
+    exprCheck('a->b->c', 'ptpt1a1b1c')
+    exprCheck('i++', 'pp1i')
+    exprCheck('i--', 'mm1i')
+    exprCheck('dynamic_cast<T&>(i)++', 'ppdcR1T1i')
+    exprCheck('static_cast<T&>(i)++', 'ppscR1T1i')
+    exprCheck('reinterpret_cast<T&>(i)++', 'pprcR1T1i')
+    exprCheck('const_cast<T&>(i)++', 'ppccR1T1i')
+    exprCheck('typeid(T).name', 'dtti1T4name')
+    exprCheck('typeid(a + b).name', 'dttepl1a1b4name')
+    # unary
+    exprCheck('++5', 'pp_L5E')
+    exprCheck('--5', 'mm_L5E')
+    exprCheck('*5', 'deL5E')
+    exprCheck('&5', 'adL5E')
+    exprCheck('+5', 'psL5E')
+    exprCheck('-5', 'ngL5E')
+    exprCheck('!5', 'ntL5E')
+    exprCheck('not 5', 'ntL5E')
+    exprCheck('~5', 'coL5E')
+    exprCheck('compl 5', 'coL5E')
+    exprCheck('sizeof...(a)', 'sZ1a')
+    exprCheck('sizeof(T)', 'st1T')
+    exprCheck('sizeof -42', 'szngL42E')
+    exprCheck('alignof(T)', 'at1T')
+    exprCheck('noexcept(-42)', 'nxngL42E')
+    # new-expression
+    exprCheck('new int', 'nw_iE')
+    exprCheck('new volatile int', 'nw_ViE')
+    exprCheck('new int[42]', 'nw_AL42E_iE')
+    exprCheck('new int()', 'nw_ipiE')
+    exprCheck('new int(5, 42)', 'nw_ipiL5EL42EE')
+    exprCheck('::new int', 'nw_iE')
+    exprCheck('new int{{}}', 'nw_iilE')
+    exprCheck('new int{{5, 42}}', 'nw_iilL5EL42EE')
+    # delete-expression
+    exprCheck('delete p', 'dl1p')
+    exprCheck('delete [] p', 'da1p')
+    exprCheck('::delete p', 'dl1p')
+    exprCheck('::delete [] p', 'da1p')
+    # cast
+    exprCheck('(int)2', 'cviL2E')
+    # binary op
+    exprCheck('5 || 42', 'ooL5EL42E')
+    exprCheck('5 or 42', 'ooL5EL42E')
+    exprCheck('5 && 42', 'aaL5EL42E')
+    exprCheck('5 and 42', 'aaL5EL42E')
+    exprCheck('5 | 42', 'orL5EL42E')
+    exprCheck('5 bitor 42', 'orL5EL42E')
+    exprCheck('5 ^ 42', 'eoL5EL42E')
+    exprCheck('5 xor 42', 'eoL5EL42E')
+    exprCheck('5 & 42', 'anL5EL42E')
+    exprCheck('5 bitand 42', 'anL5EL42E')
+    # ['==', '!=']
+    exprCheck('5 == 42', 'eqL5EL42E')
+    exprCheck('5 != 42', 'neL5EL42E')
+    exprCheck('5 not_eq 42', 'neL5EL42E')
+    # ['<=', '>=', '<', '>', '<=>']
+    exprCheck('5 <= 42', 'leL5EL42E')
+    exprCheck('A <= 42', 'le1AL42E')
+    exprCheck('5 >= 42', 'geL5EL42E')
+    exprCheck('5 < 42', 'ltL5EL42E')
+    exprCheck('A < 42', 'lt1AL42E')
+    exprCheck('5 > 42', 'gtL5EL42E')
+    exprCheck('A > 42', 'gt1AL42E')
+    exprCheck('5 <=> 42', 'ssL5EL42E')
+    exprCheck('A <=> 42', 'ss1AL42E')
+    # ['<<', '>>']
+    exprCheck('5 << 42', 'lsL5EL42E')
+    exprCheck('A << 42', 'ls1AL42E')
+    exprCheck('5 >> 42', 'rsL5EL42E')
+    # ['+', '-']
+    exprCheck('5 + 42', 'plL5EL42E')
+    exprCheck('5 - 42', 'miL5EL42E')
+    # ['*', '/', '%']
+    exprCheck('5 * 42', 'mlL5EL42E')
+    exprCheck('5 / 42', 'dvL5EL42E')
+    exprCheck('5 % 42', 'rmL5EL42E')
+    # ['.*', '->*']
+    exprCheck('5 .* 42', 'dsL5EL42E')
+    exprCheck('5 ->* 42', 'pmL5EL42E')
+    # conditional
+    exprCheck('5 ? 7 : 3', 'quL5EL7EL3E')
+    # assignment
+    exprCheck('a = 5', 'aS1aL5E')
+    exprCheck('a *= 5', 'mL1aL5E')
+    exprCheck('a /= 5', 'dV1aL5E')
+    exprCheck('a %= 5', 'rM1aL5E')
+    exprCheck('a += 5', 'pL1aL5E')
+    exprCheck('a -= 5', 'mI1aL5E')
+    exprCheck('a >>= 5', 'rS1aL5E')
+    exprCheck('a <<= 5', 'lS1aL5E')
+    exprCheck('a &= 5', 'aN1aL5E')
+    exprCheck('a and_eq 5', 'aN1aL5E')
+    exprCheck('a ^= 5', 'eO1aL5E')
+    exprCheck('a xor_eq 5', 'eO1aL5E')
+    exprCheck('a |= 5', 'oR1aL5E')
+    exprCheck('a or_eq 5', 'oR1aL5E')
+    exprCheck('a = {{1, 2, 3}}', 'aS1ailL1EL2EL3EE')
+    # complex assignment and conditional
+    exprCheck('5 = 6 = 7', 'aSL5EaSL6EL7E')
+    exprCheck('5 = 6 ? 7 = 8 : 3', 'aSL5EquL6EaSL7EL8EL3E')
+    # comma operator
+    exprCheck('a, 5', 'cm1aL5E')
+
+    # Additional tests
+    # a < expression that starts with something that could be a template
+    exprCheck('A < 42', 'lt1AL42E')
+    check('function', 'template<> void f(A<B, 2> &v)',
+          {2: "IE1fR1AI1BX2EE", 3: "IE1fR1AI1BXL2EEE", 4: "IE1fvR1AI1BXL2EEE"})
+    exprCheck('A<1>::value', 'N1AIXL1EEE5valueE')
+    check('class', "template<int T = 42> {key}A", {2: "I_iE1A"})
+    check('enumerator', '{key}A = std::numeric_limits<unsigned long>::max()', {2: "1A"})
+
+    exprCheck('operator()()', 'clclE')
+    exprCheck('operator()<int>()', 'clclIiEE')
+
+    # pack expansion
+    exprCheck('a(b(c, 1 + d...)..., e(f..., g))', 'cl1aspcl1b1cspplL1E1dEcl1esp1f1gEE')
+
+
+def test_domain_cpp_ast_type_definitions():
+    check("type", "public bool b", {1: "b", 2: "1b"}, "{key}bool b", key='typedef')
+    check("type", "{key}bool A::b", {1: "A::b", 2: "N1A1bE"}, key='typedef')
+    check("type", "{key}bool *b", {1: "b", 2: "1b"}, key='typedef')
+    check("type", "{key}bool *const b", {1: "b", 2: "1b"}, key='typedef')
+    check("type", "{key}bool *volatile const b", {1: "b", 2: "1b"}, key='typedef')
+    check("type", "{key}bool *volatile const b", {1: "b", 2: "1b"}, key='typedef')
+    check("type", "{key}bool *volatile const *b", {1: "b", 2: "1b"}, key='typedef')
+    check("type", "{key}bool &b", {1: "b", 2: "1b"}, key='typedef')
+    check("type", "{key}bool b[]", {1: "b", 2: "1b"}, key='typedef')
+    check("type", "{key}std::pair<int, int> coord", {1: "coord", 2: "5coord"}, key='typedef')
+    check("type", "{key}long long int foo", {1: "foo", 2: "3foo"}, key='typedef')
+    check("type", '{key}std::vector<std::pair<std::string, long long>> module::blah',
+          {1: "module::blah", 2: "N6module4blahE"}, key='typedef')
+    check("type", "{key}std::function<void()> F", {1: "F", 2: "1F"}, key='typedef')
+    check("type", "{key}std::function<R(A1, A2)> F", {1: "F", 2: "1F"}, key='typedef')
+    check("type", "{key}std::function<R(A1, A2, A3)> F", {1: "F", 2: "1F"}, key='typedef')
+    check("type", "{key}std::function<R(A1, A2, A3, As...)> F", {1: "F", 2: "1F"}, key='typedef')
+    check("type", "{key}MyContainer::const_iterator",
+          {1: "MyContainer::const_iterator", 2: "N11MyContainer14const_iteratorE"})
+    check("type",
+          "public MyContainer::const_iterator",
+          {1: "MyContainer::const_iterator", 2: "N11MyContainer14const_iteratorE"},
+          output="{key}MyContainer::const_iterator")
+    # test decl specs on right
+    check("type", "{key}bool const b", {1: "b", 2: "1b"}, key='typedef')
+    # test name in global scope
+    check("type", "{key}bool ::B::b", {1: "B::b", 2: "N1B1bE"}, key='typedef')
+
+    check('type', '{key}A = B', {2: '1A'}, key='using')
+    check('type', '{key}A = decltype(b)', {2: '1A'}, key='using')
+
+    # from breathe#267 (named function parameters for function pointers
+    check('type', '{key}void (*gpio_callback_t)(struct device *port, uint32_t pin)',
+          {1: 'gpio_callback_t', 2: '15gpio_callback_t'}, key='typedef')
+    check('type', '{key}void (*f)(std::function<void(int i)> g)', {1: 'f', 2: '1f'},
+          key='typedef')
+
+    check('type', '{key}T = A::template B<int>::template C<double>', {2: '1T'}, key='using')
+
+    check('type', '{key}T = Q<A::operator()>', {2: '1T'}, key='using')
+    check('type', '{key}T = Q<A::operator()<int>>', {2: '1T'}, key='using')
+    check('type', '{key}T = Q<A::operator bool>', {2: '1T'}, key='using')
+
+
+def test_domain_cpp_ast_concept_definitions():
+    check('concept', 'template<typename Param> {key}A::B::Concept',
+          {2: 'I0EN1A1B7ConceptE'})
+    check('concept', 'template<typename A, typename B, typename ...C> {key}Foo',
+          {2: 'I00DpE3Foo'})
+    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
+        parse('concept', '{key}Foo')
+    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
+        parse('concept', 'template<typename T> template<typename U> {key}Foo')
+
+
+def test_domain_cpp_ast_member_definitions():
+    check('member', '  const  std::string  &  name = 42',
+          {1: "name__ssCR", 2: "4name"}, output='const std::string &name = 42')
+    check('member', '  const  std::string  &  name', {1: "name__ssCR", 2: "4name"},
+          output='const std::string &name')
+    check('member', '  const  std::string  &  name [ n ]',
+          {1: "name__ssCRA", 2: "4name"}, output='const std::string &name[n]')
+    check('member', 'const std::vector< unsigned int, long> &name',
+          {1: "name__std::vector:unsigned-i.l:CR", 2: "4name"},
+          output='const std::vector<unsigned int, long> &name')
+    check('member', 'module::myclass foo[n]', {1: "foo__module::myclassA", 2: "3foo"})
+    check('member', 'int *const p', {1: 'p__iPC', 2: '1p'})
+    check('member', 'extern int myInt', {1: 'myInt__i', 2: '5myInt'})
+    check('member', 'thread_local int myInt', {1: 'myInt__i', 2: '5myInt'})
+    check('member', 'extern thread_local int myInt', {1: 'myInt__i', 2: '5myInt'})
+    check('member', 'thread_local extern int myInt', {1: 'myInt__i', 2: '5myInt'},
+          'extern thread_local int myInt')
+
+    # tests based on https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/bit_field
+    check('member', 'int b : 3', {1: 'b__i', 2: '1b'})
+    check('member', 'int b : 8 = 42', {1: 'b__i', 2: '1b'})
+    check('member', 'int b : 8{42}', {1: 'b__i', 2: '1b'})
+    # TODO: enable once the ternary operator is supported
+    # check('member', 'int b : true ? 8 : a = 42', {1: 'b__i', 2: '1b'})
+    # TODO: enable once the ternary operator is supported
+    # check('member', 'int b : (true ? 8 : a) = 42', {1: 'b__i', 2: '1b'})
+    check('member', 'int b : 1 || new int{0}', {1: 'b__i', 2: '1b'})
+
+    check('member', 'inline int n', {1: 'n__i', 2: '1n'})
+    check('member', 'constinit int n', {1: 'n__i', 2: '1n'})
+
+
+def test_domain_cpp_ast_function_definitions():
+    check('function', 'void f(volatile int)', {1: "f__iV", 2: "1fVi"})
+    check('function', 'void f(std::size_t)', {1: "f__std::s", 2: "1fNSt6size_tE"})
+    check('function', 'operator bool() const', {1: "castto-b-operatorC", 2: "NKcvbEv"})
+    check('function', 'A::operator bool() const',
+          {1: "A::castto-b-operatorC", 2: "NK1AcvbEv"})
+    check('function', 'A::operator bool() volatile const &',
+          {1: "A::castto-b-operatorVCR", 2: "NVKR1AcvbEv"})
+    check('function', 'A::operator bool() volatile const &&',
+          {1: "A::castto-b-operatorVCO", 2: "NVKO1AcvbEv"})
+    check('function', 'bool namespaced::theclass::method(arg1, arg2)',
+          {1: "namespaced::theclass::method__arg1.arg2",
+           2: "N10namespaced8theclass6methodE4arg14arg2"})
+    x = 'std::vector<std::pair<std::string, int>> &module::test(register int ' \
+        'foo, bar, std::string baz = "foobar, blah, bleh") const = 0'
+    check('function', x, {1: "module::test__i.bar.ssC",
+                          2: "NK6module4testEi3barNSt6stringE"})
+    check('function', 'void f(std::pair<A, B>)',
+          {1: "f__std::pair:A.B:", 2: "1fNSt4pairI1A1BEE"})
+    check('function', 'explicit module::myclass::foo::foo()',
+          {1: "module::myclass::foo::foo", 2: "N6module7myclass3foo3fooEv"})
+    check('function', 'module::myclass::foo::~foo()',
+          {1: "module::myclass::foo::~foo", 2: "N6module7myclass3fooD0Ev"})
+    check('function', 'int printf(const char *fmt, ...)',
+          {1: "printf__cCP.z", 2: "6printfPKcz"})
+    check('function', 'int foo(const unsigned int j)',
+          {1: "foo__unsigned-iC", 2: "3fooKj"})
+    check('function', 'int foo(const int *const ptr)',
+          {1: "foo__iCPC", 2: "3fooPCKi"})
+    check('function', 'module::myclass::operator std::vector<std::string>()',
+          {1: "module::myclass::castto-std::vector:ss:-operator",
+           2: "N6module7myclasscvNSt6vectorINSt6stringEEEEv"})
+    check('function',
+          'void operator()(const boost::array<VertexID, 2> &v) const',
+          {1: "call-operator__boost::array:VertexID.2:CRC",
+           2: "NKclERKN5boost5arrayI8VertexIDX2EEE",
+           3: "NKclERKN5boost5arrayI8VertexIDXL2EEEE"})
+    check('function',
+          'void operator()(const boost::array<VertexID, 2, "foo,  bar"> &v) const',
+          {1: 'call-operator__boost::array:VertexID.2."foo,--bar":CRC',
+           2: 'NKclERKN5boost5arrayI8VertexIDX2EX"foo,  bar"EEE',
+           3: 'NKclERKN5boost5arrayI8VertexIDXL2EEXLA9_KcEEEE'})
+    check('function', 'MyClass::MyClass(MyClass::MyClass&&)',
+          {1: "MyClass::MyClass__MyClass::MyClassRR",
+           2: "N7MyClass7MyClassERRN7MyClass7MyClassE"})
+    check('function', 'constexpr int get_value()', {1: "get_valueCE", 2: "9get_valuev"})
+    check('function', 'static constexpr int get_value()',
+          {1: "get_valueCE", 2: "9get_valuev"})
+    check('function', 'int get_value() const noexcept',
+          {1: "get_valueC", 2: "NK9get_valueEv"})
+    check('function', 'int get_value() const noexcept(std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<T>::value)',
+          {1: "get_valueC", 2: "NK9get_valueEv"})
+    check('function', 'int get_value() const noexcept("see below")',
+          {1: "get_valueC", 2: "NK9get_valueEv"})
+    check('function', 'int get_value() const noexcept = delete',
+          {1: "get_valueC", 2: "NK9get_valueEv"})
+    check('function', 'int get_value() volatile const',
+          {1: "get_valueVC", 2: "NVK9get_valueEv"})
+    check('function', 'MyClass::MyClass(MyClass::MyClass&&) = default',
+          {1: "MyClass::MyClass__MyClass::MyClassRR",
+           2: "N7MyClass7MyClassERRN7MyClass7MyClassE"})
+    check('function', 'virtual MyClass::a_virtual_function() const override',
+          {1: "MyClass::a_virtual_functionC", 2: "NK7MyClass18a_virtual_functionEv"})
+    check('function', 'A B() override', {1: "B", 2: "1Bv"})
+    check('function', 'A B() final', {1: "B", 2: "1Bv"})
+    check('function', 'A B() final override', {1: "B", 2: "1Bv"})
+    check('function', 'A B() override final', {1: "B", 2: "1Bv"},
+          output='A B() final override')
+    check('function', 'MyClass::a_member_function() volatile',
+          {1: "MyClass::a_member_functionV", 2: "NV7MyClass17a_member_functionEv"})
+    check('function', 'MyClass::a_member_function() volatile const',
+          {1: "MyClass::a_member_functionVC", 2: "NVK7MyClass17a_member_functionEv"})
+    check('function', 'MyClass::a_member_function() &&',
+          {1: "MyClass::a_member_functionO", 2: "NO7MyClass17a_member_functionEv"})
+    check('function', 'MyClass::a_member_function() &',
+          {1: "MyClass::a_member_functionR", 2: "NR7MyClass17a_member_functionEv"})
+    check('function', 'MyClass::a_member_function() const &',
+          {1: "MyClass::a_member_functionCR", 2: "NKR7MyClass17a_member_functionEv"})
+    check('function', 'int main(int argc, char *argv[])',
+          {1: "main__i.cPA", 2: "4mainiA_Pc"})
+    check('function', 'MyClass &MyClass::operator++()',
+          {1: "MyClass::inc-operator", 2: "N7MyClassppEv"})
+    check('function', 'MyClass::pointer MyClass::operator->()',
+          {1: "MyClass::pointer-operator", 2: "N7MyClassptEv"})
+
+    x = 'std::vector<std::pair<std::string, int>> &module::test(register int ' \
+        'foo, bar[n], std::string baz = "foobar, blah, bleh") const = 0'
+    check('function', x, {1: "module::test__i.barA.ssC",
+                          2: "NK6module4testEiAn_3barNSt6stringE",
+                          3: "NK6module4testEiA1n_3barNSt6stringE"})
+    check('function',
+          'int foo(Foo f = Foo(double(), std::make_pair(int(2), double(3.4))))',
+          {1: "foo__Foo", 2: "3foo3Foo"})
+    check('function', 'int foo(A a = x(a))', {1: "foo__A", 2: "3foo1A"})
+    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
+        parse('function', 'int foo(B b=x(a)')
+    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
+        parse('function', 'int foo)C c=x(a))')
+    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
+        parse('function', 'int foo(D d=x(a')
+    check('function', 'int foo(const A&... a)', {1: "foo__ACRDp", 2: "3fooDpRK1A"})
+    check('function', 'int foo(const A&...)', {1: "foo__ACRDp", 2: "3fooDpRK1A"})
+    check('function', 'int foo(const A*... a)', {1: "foo__ACPDp", 2: "3fooDpPK1A"})
+    check('function', 'int foo(const A*...)', {1: "foo__ACPDp", 2: "3fooDpPK1A"})
+    check('function', 'int foo(const int A::*... a)', {2: "3fooDpM1AKi"})
+    check('function', 'int foo(const int A::*...)', {2: "3fooDpM1AKi"})
+    # check('function', 'int foo(int (*a)(A)...)', {1: "foo__ACRDp", 2: "3fooDpPK1A"})
+    # check('function', 'int foo(int (*)(A)...)', {1: "foo__ACRDp", 2: "3fooDpPK1A"})
+    check('function', 'virtual void f()', {1: "f", 2: "1fv"})
+    # test for ::nestedName, from issue 1738
+    check("function", "result(int val, ::std::error_category const &cat)",
+          {1: "result__i.std::error_categoryCR", 2: "6resultiRKNSt14error_categoryE"})
+    check("function", "int *f()", {1: "f", 2: "1fv"})
+    # tests derived from issue #1753 (skip to keep sanity)
+    check("function", "f(int (&array)[10])", {2: "1fRA10_i", 3: "1fRAL10E_i"})
+    check("function", "void f(int (&array)[10])", {2: "1fRA10_i", 3: "1fRAL10E_i"})
+    check("function", "void f(float *q(double))", {2: "1fFPfdE"})
+    check("function", "void f(float *(*q)(double))", {2: "1fPFPfdE"})
+    check("function", "void f(float (*q)(double))", {2: "1fPFfdE"})
+    check("function", "int (*f(double d))(float)", {1: "f__double", 2: "1fd"})
+    check("function", "int (*f(bool b))[5]", {1: "f__b", 2: "1fb"})
+    check("function", "int (*A::f(double d) const)(float)",
+          {1: "A::f__doubleC", 2: "NK1A1fEd"})
+    check("function", "void f(std::shared_ptr<int(double)> ptr)",
+          {2: "1fNSt10shared_ptrIFidEEE"})
+    check("function", "void f(int *const p)", {1: "f__iPC", 2: "1fPCi"})
+    check("function", "void f(int *volatile const p)", {1: "f__iPVC", 2: "1fPVCi"})
+
+    check('function', 'extern int f()', {1: 'f', 2: '1fv'})
+    check('function', 'consteval int f()', {1: 'f', 2: '1fv'})
+
+    check('function', 'explicit(true) void f()', {1: 'f', 2: '1fv'})
+
+    check('function', 'decltype(auto) f()', {1: 'f', 2: "1fv"})
+
+    # TODO: make tests for functions in a template, e.g., Test<int&&()>
+    # such that the id generation for function type types is correct.
+
+    check('function', 'friend std::ostream &f(std::ostream &s, int i)',
+          {1: 'f__osR.i', 2: '1fRNSt7ostreamEi'})
+
+    # from breathe#223
+    check('function', 'void f(struct E e)', {1: 'f__E', 2: '1f1E'})
+    check('function', 'void f(class E e)', {1: 'f__E', 2: '1f1E'})
+    check('function', 'void f(typename E e)', {1: 'f__E', 2: '1f1E'})
+    check('function', 'void f(enum E e)', {1: 'f__E', 2: '1f1E'})
+    check('function', 'void f(union E e)', {1: 'f__E', 2: '1f1E'})
+
+    # pointer to member (function)
+    check('function', 'void f(int C::*)', {2: '1fM1Ci'})
+    check('function', 'void f(int C::* p)', {2: '1fM1Ci'})
+    check('function', 'void f(int ::C::* p)', {2: '1fM1Ci'})
+    check('function', 'void f(int C::*const)', {2: '1fKM1Ci'})
+    check('function', 'void f(int C::*const&)', {2: '1fRKM1Ci'})
+    check('function', 'void f(int C::*volatile)', {2: '1fVM1Ci'})
+    check('function', 'void f(int C::*const volatile)', {2: '1fVKM1Ci'},
+          output='void f(int C::*volatile const)')
+    check('function', 'void f(int C::*volatile const)', {2: '1fVKM1Ci'})
+    check('function', 'void f(int (C::*)(float, double))', {2: '1fM1CFifdE'})
+    check('function', 'void f(int (C::* p)(float, double))', {2: '1fM1CFifdE'})
+    check('function', 'void f(int (::C::* p)(float, double))', {2: '1fM1CFifdE'})
+    check('function', 'void f(void (C::*)() const &)', {2: '1fM1CKRFvvE'})
+    check('function', 'int C::* f(int, double)', {2: '1fid'})
+    check('function', 'void f(int C::* *p)', {2: '1fPM1Ci'})
+    check('function', 'void f(int C::**)', {2: '1fPM1Ci'})
+    check('function', 'void f(int C::*const *p)', {2: '1fPKM1Ci'})
+    check('function', 'void f(int C::*const*)', {2: '1fPKM1Ci'})
+
+    # exceptions from return type mangling
+    check('function', 'template<typename T> C()', {2: 'I0E1Cv'})
+    check('function', 'template<typename T> operator int()', {2: 'I0Ecviv'})
+
+    # trailing return types
+    ids = {1: 'f', 2: '1fv'}
+    check('function', 'int f()', ids)
+    check('function', 'auto f() -> int', ids)
+    check('function', 'virtual auto f() -> int = 0', ids)
+    check('function', 'virtual auto f() -> int final', ids)
+    check('function', 'virtual auto f() -> int override', ids)
+
+    ids = {2: 'I0E1fv', 4: 'I0E1fiv'}
+    check('function', 'template<typename T> int f()', ids)
+    check('function', 'template<typename T> f() -> int', ids)
+
+    # from breathe#441
+    check('function', 'auto MakeThingy() -> Thingy*', {1: 'MakeThingy', 2: '10MakeThingyv'})
+
+    # from #8960
+    check('function', 'void f(void (*p)(int, double), int i)', {2: '1fPFvidEi'})
+
+    # from #9535 comment
+    check('function', 'void f(void (*p)(int) = &foo)', {2: '1fPFviE'})
+
+
+def test_domain_cpp_ast_operators():
+    check('function', 'void operator new()', {1: "new-operator", 2: "nwv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator new[]()', {1: "new-array-operator", 2: "nav"})
+    check('function', 'void operator delete()', {1: "delete-operator", 2: "dlv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator delete[]()', {1: "delete-array-operator", 2: "dav"})
+    check('function', 'operator bool() const', {1: "castto-b-operatorC", 2: "NKcvbEv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator""_udl()', {2: 'li4_udlv'})
+
+    check('function', 'void operator~()', {1: "inv-operator", 2: "cov"})
+    check('function', 'void operator compl()', {2: "cov"})
+    check('function', 'void operator+()', {1: "add-operator", 2: "plv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator-()', {1: "sub-operator", 2: "miv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator*()', {1: "mul-operator", 2: "mlv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator/()', {1: "div-operator", 2: "dvv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator%()', {1: "mod-operator", 2: "rmv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator&()', {1: "and-operator", 2: "anv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator bitand()', {2: "anv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator|()', {1: "or-operator", 2: "orv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator bitor()', {2: "orv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator^()', {1: "xor-operator", 2: "eov"})
+    check('function', 'void operator xor()', {2: "eov"})
+    check('function', 'void operator=()', {1: "assign-operator", 2: "aSv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator+=()', {1: "add-assign-operator", 2: "pLv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator-=()', {1: "sub-assign-operator", 2: "mIv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator*=()', {1: "mul-assign-operator", 2: "mLv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator/=()', {1: "div-assign-operator", 2: "dVv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator%=()', {1: "mod-assign-operator", 2: "rMv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator&=()', {1: "and-assign-operator", 2: "aNv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator and_eq()', {2: "aNv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator|=()', {1: "or-assign-operator", 2: "oRv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator or_eq()', {2: "oRv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator^=()', {1: "xor-assign-operator", 2: "eOv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator xor_eq()', {2: "eOv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator<<()', {1: "lshift-operator", 2: "lsv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator>>()', {1: "rshift-operator", 2: "rsv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator<<=()', {1: "lshift-assign-operator", 2: "lSv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator>>=()', {1: "rshift-assign-operator", 2: "rSv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator==()', {1: "eq-operator", 2: "eqv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator!=()', {1: "neq-operator", 2: "nev"})
+    check('function', 'void operator not_eq()', {2: "nev"})
+    check('function', 'void operator<()', {1: "lt-operator", 2: "ltv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator>()', {1: "gt-operator", 2: "gtv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator<=()', {1: "lte-operator", 2: "lev"})
+    check('function', 'void operator>=()', {1: "gte-operator", 2: "gev"})
+    check('function', 'void operator<=>()', {2: "ssv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator!()', {1: "not-operator", 2: "ntv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator not()', {2: "ntv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator&&()', {1: "sand-operator", 2: "aav"})
+    check('function', 'void operator and()', {2: "aav"})
+    check('function', 'void operator||()', {1: "sor-operator", 2: "oov"})
+    check('function', 'void operator or()', {2: "oov"})
+    check('function', 'void operator++()', {1: "inc-operator", 2: "ppv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator--()', {1: "dec-operator", 2: "mmv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator,()', {1: "comma-operator", 2: "cmv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator->*()', {1: "pointer-by-pointer-operator", 2: "pmv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator->()', {1: "pointer-operator", 2: "ptv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator()()', {1: "call-operator", 2: "clv"})
+    check('function', 'void operator[]()', {1: "subscript-operator", 2: "ixv"})
+
+
+def test_domain_cpp_ast_nested_name():
+    check('class', '{key}::A', {1: "A", 2: "1A"})
+    check('class', '{key}::A::B', {1: "A::B", 2: "N1A1BE"})
+    check('function', 'void f(::A a)', {1: "f__A", 2: "1f1A"})
+    check('function', 'void f(::A::B a)', {1: "f__A::B", 2: "1fN1A1BE"})
+
+
+def test_domain_cpp_ast_class_definitions():
+    check('class', 'public A', {1: "A", 2: "1A"}, output='{key}A')
+    check('class', 'private {key}A', {1: "A", 2: "1A"})
+    check('class', '{key}A final', {1: 'A', 2: '1A'})
+
+    # test bases
+    check('class', '{key}A', {1: "A", 2: "1A"})
+    check('class', '{key}A::B::C', {1: "A::B::C", 2: "N1A1B1CE"})
+    check('class', '{key}A : B', {1: "A", 2: "1A"})
+    check('class', '{key}A : private B', {1: "A", 2: "1A"})
+    check('class', '{key}A : public B', {1: "A", 2: "1A"})
+    check('class', '{key}A : B, C', {1: "A", 2: "1A"})
+    check('class', '{key}A : B, protected C, D', {1: "A", 2: "1A"})
+    check('class', 'A : virtual private B', {1: 'A', 2: '1A'}, output='{key}A : private virtual B')
+    check('class', '{key}A : private virtual B', {1: 'A', 2: '1A'})
+    check('class', '{key}A : B, virtual C', {1: 'A', 2: '1A'})
+    check('class', '{key}A : public virtual B', {1: 'A', 2: '1A'})
+    check('class', '{key}A : B, C...', {1: 'A', 2: '1A'})
+    check('class', '{key}A : B..., C', {1: 'A', 2: '1A'})
+
+    # from #4094
+    check('class', 'template<class, class = std::void_t<>> {key}has_var', {2: 'I00E7has_var'})
+    check('class', 'template<class T> {key}has_var<T, std::void_t<decltype(&T::var)>>',
+          {2: 'I0E7has_varI1TNSt6void_tIDTadN1T3varEEEEE'})
+
+    check('class', 'template<typename ...Ts> {key}T<int (*)(Ts)...>',
+          {2: 'IDpE1TIJPFi2TsEEE'})
+    check('class', 'template<int... Is> {key}T<(Is)...>',
+          {2: 'I_DpiE1TIJX(Is)EEE', 3: 'I_DpiE1TIJX2IsEEE'})
+
+
+def test_domain_cpp_ast_union_definitions():
+    check('union', '{key}A', {2: "1A"})
+
+
+def test_domain_cpp_ast_enum_definitions():
+    check('enum', '{key}A', {2: "1A"})
+    check('enum', '{key}A : std::underlying_type<B>::type', {2: "1A"})
+    check('enum', '{key}A : unsigned int', {2: "1A"})
+    check('enum', 'public A', {2: "1A"}, output='{key}A')
+    check('enum', 'private {key}A', {2: "1A"})
+
+    check('enumerator', '{key}A', {2: "1A"})
+    check('enumerator', '{key}A = std::numeric_limits<unsigned long>::max()', {2: "1A"})
+
+
+def test_domain_cpp_ast_anon_definitions():
+    check('class', '@a', {3: "Ut1_a"}, asTextOutput='class [anonymous]')
+    check('union', '@a', {3: "Ut1_a"}, asTextOutput='union [anonymous]')
+    check('enum', '@a', {3: "Ut1_a"}, asTextOutput='enum [anonymous]')
+    check('class', '@1', {3: "Ut1_1"}, asTextOutput='class [anonymous]')
+    check('class', '@a::A', {3: "NUt1_a1AE"}, asTextOutput='class [anonymous]::A')
+
+    check('function', 'int f(int @a)', {1: 'f__i', 2: '1fi'},
+          asTextOutput='int f(int [anonymous])')
+
+
+def test_domain_cpp_ast_templates():
+    check('class', "A<T>", {2: "IE1AI1TE"}, output="template<> {key}A<T>")
+    # first just check which objects support templating
+    check('class', "template<> {key}A", {2: "IE1A"})
+    check('function', "template<> void A()", {2: "IE1Av", 4: "IE1Avv"})
+    check('member', "template<> A a", {2: "IE1a"})
+    check('type', "template<> {key}a = A", {2: "IE1a"}, key='using')
+    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
+        parse('enum', "template<> A")
+    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
+        parse('enumerator', "template<> A")
+    # then all the real tests
+    check('class', "template<typename T1, typename T2> {key}A", {2: "I00E1A"})
+    check('type', "template<> {key}a", {2: "IE1a"}, key='using')
+
+    check('class', "template<typename T> {key}A", {2: "I0E1A"})
+    check('class', "template<class T> {key}A", {2: "I0E1A"})
+    check('class', "template<typename ...T> {key}A", {2: "IDpE1A"})
+    check('class', "template<typename...> {key}A", {2: "IDpE1A"})
+    check('class', "template<typename = Test> {key}A", {2: "I0E1A"})
+    check('class', "template<typename T = Test> {key}A", {2: "I0E1A"})
+
+    check('class', "template<template<typename> typename T> {key}A", {2: "II0E0E1A"})
+    check('class', "template<template<typename> class T> {key}A", {2: "II0E0E1A"})
+    check('class', "template<template<typename> typename> {key}A", {2: "II0E0E1A"})
+    check('class', "template<template<typename> typename ...T> {key}A", {2: "II0EDpE1A"})
+    check('class', "template<template<typename> typename...> {key}A", {2: "II0EDpE1A"})
+    check('class', "template<typename T, template<typename> typename...> {key}A", {2: "I0I0EDpE1A"})
+
+    check('class', "template<int> {key}A", {2: "I_iE1A"})
+    check('class', "template<int T> {key}A", {2: "I_iE1A"})
+    check('class', "template<int... T> {key}A", {2: "I_DpiE1A"})
+    check('class', "template<int T = 42> {key}A", {2: "I_iE1A"})
+    check('class', "template<int = 42> {key}A", {2: "I_iE1A"})
+
+    check('class', "template<typename A<B>::C> {key}A", {2: "I_N1AI1BE1CEE1A"})
+    check('class', "template<typename A<B>::C = 42> {key}A", {2: "I_N1AI1BE1CEE1A"})
+    # from #7944
+    check('function', "template<typename T, "
+                      "typename std::enable_if<!has_overloaded_addressof<T>::value, bool>::type = false"
+                      "> constexpr T *static_addressof(T &ref)",
+          {2: "I0_NSt9enable_ifIX!has_overloaded_addressof<T>::valueEbE4typeEE16static_addressofR1T",
+           3: "I0_NSt9enable_ifIXntN24has_overloaded_addressofI1TE5valueEEbE4typeEE16static_addressofR1T",
+           4: "I0_NSt9enable_ifIXntN24has_overloaded_addressofI1TE5valueEEbE4typeEE16static_addressofP1TR1T"})
+
+    check('class', "template<> {key}A<NS::B<>>", {2: "IE1AIN2NS1BIEEE"})
+
+    # from #2058
+    check('function',
+          "template<typename Char, typename Traits> "
+          "inline std::basic_ostream<Char, Traits> &operator<<("
+          "std::basic_ostream<Char, Traits> &os, "
+          "const c_string_view_base<const Char, Traits> &str)",
+          {2: "I00ElsRNSt13basic_ostreamI4Char6TraitsEE"
+              "RK18c_string_view_baseIK4Char6TraitsE",
+           4: "I00Els"
+              "RNSt13basic_ostreamI4Char6TraitsEE"
+              "RNSt13basic_ostreamI4Char6TraitsEE"
+              "RK18c_string_view_baseIK4Char6TraitsE"})
+
+    # template introductions
+    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
+        parse('enum', 'abc::ns::foo{id_0, id_1, id_2} A')
+    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
+        parse('enumerator', 'abc::ns::foo{id_0, id_1, id_2} A')
+    check('class', 'abc::ns::foo{{id_0, id_1, id_2}} {key}xyz::bar',
+          {2: 'I000EXN3abc2ns3fooEI4id_04id_14id_2EEN3xyz3barE'})
+    check('class', 'abc::ns::foo{{id_0, id_1, ...id_2}} {key}xyz::bar',
+          {2: 'I00DpEXN3abc2ns3fooEI4id_04id_1sp4id_2EEN3xyz3barE'})
+    check('class', 'abc::ns::foo{{id_0, id_1, id_2}} {key}xyz::bar<id_0, id_1, id_2>',
+          {2: 'I000EXN3abc2ns3fooEI4id_04id_14id_2EEN3xyz3barE'})
+    check('class', 'abc::ns::foo{{id_0, id_1, ...id_2}} {key}xyz::bar<id_0, id_1, id_2...>',
+          {2: 'I00DpEXN3abc2ns3fooEI4id_04id_1sp4id_2EEN3xyz3barE'})
+
+    check('class', 'template<> Concept{{U}} {key}A<int>::B', {2: 'IEI0EX7ConceptI1UEEN1AIiE1BE'})
+
+    check('type', 'abc::ns::foo{{id_0, id_1, id_2}} {key}xyz::bar = ghi::qux',
+          {2: 'I000EXN3abc2ns3fooEI4id_04id_14id_2EEN3xyz3barE'}, key='using')
+    check('type', 'abc::ns::foo{{id_0, id_1, ...id_2}} {key}xyz::bar = ghi::qux',
+          {2: 'I00DpEXN3abc2ns3fooEI4id_04id_1sp4id_2EEN3xyz3barE'}, key='using')
+    check('function', 'abc::ns::foo{id_0, id_1, id_2} void xyz::bar()',
+          {2: 'I000EXN3abc2ns3fooEI4id_04id_14id_2EEN3xyz3barEv',
+           4: 'I000EXN3abc2ns3fooEI4id_04id_14id_2EEN3xyz3barEvv'})
+    check('function', 'abc::ns::foo{id_0, id_1, ...id_2} void xyz::bar()',
+          {2: 'I00DpEXN3abc2ns3fooEI4id_04id_1sp4id_2EEN3xyz3barEv',
+           4: 'I00DpEXN3abc2ns3fooEI4id_04id_1sp4id_2EEN3xyz3barEvv'})
+    check('member', 'abc::ns::foo{id_0, id_1, id_2} ghi::qux xyz::bar',
+          {2: 'I000EXN3abc2ns3fooEI4id_04id_14id_2EEN3xyz3barE'})
+    check('member', 'abc::ns::foo{id_0, id_1, ...id_2} ghi::qux xyz::bar',
+          {2: 'I00DpEXN3abc2ns3fooEI4id_04id_1sp4id_2EEN3xyz3barE'})
+    check('concept', 'Iterator{{T, U}} {key}Another', {2: 'I00EX8IteratorI1T1UEE7Another'})
+    check('concept', 'template<typename ...Pack> {key}Numerics = (... && Numeric<Pack>)',
+          {2: 'IDpE8Numerics'})
+
+    # explicit specializations of members
+    check('member', 'template<> int A<int>::a', {2: 'IEN1AIiE1aE'})
+    check('member', 'template int A<int>::a', {2: 'IEN1AIiE1aE'},
+          output='template<> int A<int>::a')  # same as above
+    check('member', 'template<> template<> int A<int>::B<int>::b', {2: 'IEIEN1AIiE1BIiE1bE'})
+    check('member', 'template int A<int>::B<int>::b', {2: 'IEIEN1AIiE1BIiE1bE'},
+          output='template<> template<> int A<int>::B<int>::b')  # same as above
+
+    # defaulted constrained type parameters
+    check('type', 'template<C T = int&> {key}A', {2: 'I_1CE1A'}, key='using')
+
+    # pack expansion after non-type template parameter
+    check('type', 'template<int (X::*)(bool)...> {key}A', {2: 'I_DpM1XFibEE1A'}, key='using')
+
+
+def test_domain_cpp_ast_placeholder_types():
+    check('function', 'void f(Sortable auto &v)', {1: 'f__SortableR', 2: '1fR8Sortable'})
+    check('function', 'void f(const Sortable auto &v)', {1: 'f__SortableCR', 2: '1fRK8Sortable'})
+    check('function', 'void f(Sortable decltype(auto) &v)', {1: 'f__SortableR', 2: '1fR8Sortable'})
+    check('function', 'void f(const Sortable decltype(auto) &v)', {1: 'f__SortableCR', 2: '1fRK8Sortable'})
+    check('function', 'void f(Sortable decltype ( auto ) &v)', {1: 'f__SortableR', 2: '1fR8Sortable'},
+          output='void f(Sortable decltype(auto) &v)')
+
+
+def test_domain_cpp_ast_requires_clauses():
+    check('function', 'template<typename T> requires A auto f() -> void requires B',
+          {4: 'I0EIQaa1A1BE1fvv'})
+    check('function', 'template<typename T> requires A || B or C void f()',
+          {4: 'I0EIQoo1Aoo1B1CE1fvv'})
+    check('function', 'void f() requires A || B || C',
+          {4: 'IQoo1Aoo1B1CE1fv'})
+    check('function', 'Foo() requires A || B || C',
+          {4: 'IQoo1Aoo1B1CE3Foov'})
+    check('function', 'template<typename T> requires A && B || C and D void f()',
+          {4: 'I0EIQooaa1A1Baa1C1DE1fvv'})
+    check('function',
+          'template<typename T> requires R<T> ' +
+          'template<typename U> requires S<T> ' +
+          'void A<T>::f() requires B',
+          {4: 'I0EIQ1RI1TEEI0EIQaa1SI1TE1BEN1A1fEvv'})
+    check('function',
+          'template<template<typename T> requires R<T> typename X> ' +
+          'void f()',
+          {2: 'II0EIQ1RI1TEE0E1fv', 4: 'II0EIQ1RI1TEE0E1fvv'})
+    check('type',
+          'template<typename T> requires IsValid<T> {key}T = true_type',
+          {4: 'I0EIQ7IsValidI1TEE1T'}, key='using')
+    check('class',
+          'template<typename T> requires IsValid<T> {key}T : Base',
+          {4: 'I0EIQ7IsValidI1TEE1T'}, key='class')
+    check('union',
+          'template<typename T> requires IsValid<T> {key}T',
+          {4: 'I0EIQ7IsValidI1TEE1T'}, key='union')
+    check('member',
+          'template<typename T> requires IsValid<T> int Val = 7',
+          {4: 'I0EIQ7IsValidI1TEE3Val'})
+
+
+def test_domain_cpp_ast_template_args():
+    # from breathe#218
+    check('function',
+          "template<typename F> "
+          "void allow(F *f, typename func<F, B, G != 1>::type tt)",
+          {2: "I0E5allowP1FN4funcI1F1BXG != 1EE4typeE",
+           3: "I0E5allowP1FN4funcI1F1BXne1GL1EEE4typeE",
+           4: "I0E5allowvP1FN4funcI1F1BXne1GL1EEE4typeE"})
+    # from #3542
+    check('type', "template<typename T> {key}"
+          "enable_if_not_array_t = std::enable_if_t<!is_array<T>::value, int>",
+          {2: "I0E21enable_if_not_array_t"},
+          key='using')
+
+
+def test_domain_cpp_ast_initializers():
+    idsMember = {1: 'v__T', 2: '1v'}
+    idsFunction = {1: 'f__T', 2: '1f1T'}
+    idsTemplate = {2: 'I_1TE1fv', 4: 'I_1TE1fvv'}
+    # no init
+    check('member', 'T v', idsMember)
+    check('function', 'void f(T v)', idsFunction)
+    check('function', 'template<T v> void f()', idsTemplate)
+    # with '=', assignment-expression
+    check('member', 'T v = 42', idsMember)
+    check('function', 'void f(T v = 42)', idsFunction)
+    check('function', 'template<T v = 42> void f()', idsTemplate)
+    # with '=', braced-init
+    check('member', 'T v = {}', idsMember)
+    check('function', 'void f(T v = {})', idsFunction)
+    check('function', 'template<T v = {}> void f()', idsTemplate)
+    check('member', 'T v = {42, 42, 42}', idsMember)
+    check('function', 'void f(T v = {42, 42, 42})', idsFunction)
+    check('function', 'template<T v = {42, 42, 42}> void f()', idsTemplate)
+    check('member', 'T v = {42, 42, 42,}', idsMember)
+    check('function', 'void f(T v = {42, 42, 42,})', idsFunction)
+    check('function', 'template<T v = {42, 42, 42,}> void f()', idsTemplate)
+    check('member', 'T v = {42, 42, args...}', idsMember)
+    check('function', 'void f(T v = {42, 42, args...})', idsFunction)
+    check('function', 'template<T v = {42, 42, args...}> void f()', idsTemplate)
+    # without '=', braced-init
+    check('member', 'T v{}', idsMember)
+    check('member', 'T v{42, 42, 42}', idsMember)
+    check('member', 'T v{42, 42, 42,}', idsMember)
+    check('member', 'T v{42, 42, args...}', idsMember)
+    # other
+    check('member', 'T v = T{}', idsMember)
+
+
+def test_domain_cpp_ast_attributes():
+    # style: C++
+    check('member', '[[]] int f', {1: 'f__i', 2: '1f'})
+    check('member', '[ [ ] ] int f', {1: 'f__i', 2: '1f'},
+          # this will fail when the proper grammar is implemented
+          output='[[ ]] int f')
+    check('member', '[[a]] int f', {1: 'f__i', 2: '1f'})
+    # style: GNU
+    check('member', '__attribute__(()) int f', {1: 'f__i', 2: '1f'})
+    check('member', '__attribute__((a)) int f', {1: 'f__i', 2: '1f'})
+    check('member', '__attribute__((a, b)) int f', {1: 'f__i', 2: '1f'})
+    check('member', '__attribute__((optimize(3))) int f', {1: 'f__i', 2: '1f'})
+    check('member', '__attribute__((format(printf, 1, 2))) int f', {1: 'f__i', 2: '1f'})
+    # style: user-defined id
+    check('member', 'id_attr int f', {1: 'f__i', 2: '1f'})
+    # style: user-defined paren
+    check('member', 'paren_attr() int f', {1: 'f__i', 2: '1f'})
+    check('member', 'paren_attr(a) int f', {1: 'f__i', 2: '1f'})
+    check('member', 'paren_attr("") int f', {1: 'f__i', 2: '1f'})
+    check('member', 'paren_attr(()[{}][]{}) int f', {1: 'f__i', 2: '1f'})
+    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
+        parse('member', 'paren_attr(() int f')
+    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
+        parse('member', 'paren_attr([) int f')
+    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
+        parse('member', 'paren_attr({) int f')
+    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
+        parse('member', 'paren_attr([)]) int f')
+    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
+        parse('member', 'paren_attr((])) int f')
+    with pytest.raises(DefinitionError):
+        parse('member', 'paren_attr({]}) int f')
+
+    # position: decl specs
+    check('function', 'static inline __attribute__(()) void f()',
+          {1: 'f', 2: '1fv'},
+          output='__attribute__(()) static inline void f()')
+    check('function', '[[attr1]] [[attr2]] void f()', {1: 'f', 2: '1fv'})
+    # position: declarator
+    check('member', 'int *[[attr1]] [[attr2]] i', {1: 'i__iP', 2: '1i'})
+    check('member', 'int *const [[attr1]] [[attr2]] volatile i', {1: 'i__iPVC', 2: '1i'},
+          output='int *[[attr1]] [[attr2]] volatile const i')
+    check('member', 'int &[[attr1]] [[attr2]] i', {1: 'i__iR', 2: '1i'})
+    check('member', 'int *[[attr1]] [[attr2]] *i', {1: 'i__iPP', 2: '1i'})
+    # position: parameters and qualifiers
+    check('function', 'void f() [[attr1]] [[attr2]]', {1: 'f', 2: '1fv'})
+
+    # position: class, union, enum
+    check('class', '{key}[[attr1]] [[attr2]] Foo', {1: 'Foo', 2: '3Foo'}, key='class')
+    check('union', '{key}[[attr1]] [[attr2]] Foo', {2: '3Foo'}, key='union')
+    check('enum', '{key}[[attr1]] [[attr2]] Foo', {2: '3Foo'}, key='enum')
+    # position: enumerator
+    check('enumerator', '{key}Foo [[attr1]] [[attr2]]', {2: '3Foo'})
+    check('enumerator', '{key}Foo [[attr1]] [[attr2]] = 42', {2: '3Foo'})
+
+
+def test_domain_cpp_ast_xref_parsing():
+    def check(target):
+        class Config:
+            cpp_id_attributes = ["id_attr"]
+            cpp_paren_attributes = ["paren_attr"]
+        parser = DefinitionParser(target, location=None,
+                                  config=Config())
+        ast, isShorthand = parser.parse_xref_object()
+        parser.assert_end()
+    check('f')
+    check('f()')
+    check('void f()')
+    check('T f()')
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("param", "is_pack"),
+    [('typename', False),
+     ('typename T', False),
+     ('typename...', True),
+     ('typename... T', True),
+     ('int', False),
+     ('int N', False),
+     ('int* N', False),
+     ('int& N', False),
+     ('int&... N', True),
+     ('int*... N', True),
+     ('int...', True),
+     ('int... N', True),
+     ('auto', False),
+     ('auto...', True),
+     ('int X::*', False),
+     ('int X::*...', True),
+     ('int (X::*)(bool)', False),
+     ('int (X::*x)(bool)', False),
+     ('int (X::*)(bool)...', True),
+     ('template<typename> class', False),
+     ('template<typename> class...', True),
+     ])
+def test_domain_cpp_template_parameters_is_pack(param: str, is_pack: bool):
+    def parse_template_parameter(param: str):
+        ast = parse('type', 'template<' + param + '> X')
+        return ast.templatePrefix.templates[0].params[0]
+    ast = parse_template_parameter(param)
+    assert ast.isPack == is_pack
+
+
+# def test_print():
+#     # used for getting all the ids out for checking
+#     for a in ids:
+#         print(a)
+#     raise DefinitionError
+
+
+def filter_warnings(warning, file):
+    lines = warning.getvalue().split("\n")
+    res = [l for l in lines if "domain-cpp" in l and f"{file}.rst" in l and
+           "WARNING: document isn't included in any toctree" not in l]
+    print(f"Filtered warnings for file '{file}':")
+    for w in res:
+        print(w)
+    return res
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='domain-cpp', confoverrides={'nitpicky': True})
+def test_domain_cpp_build_multi_decl_lookup(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    ws = filter_warnings(warning, "lookup-key-overload")
+    assert len(ws) == 0
+
+    ws = filter_warnings(warning, "multi-decl-lookup")
+    assert len(ws) == 0
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='domain-cpp', confoverrides={'nitpicky': True})
+def test_domain_cpp_build_warn_template_param_qualified_name(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    ws = filter_warnings(warning, "warn-template-param-qualified-name")
+    assert len(ws) == 2
+    assert "WARNING: cpp:type reference target not found: T::typeWarn" in ws[0]
+    assert "WARNING: cpp:type reference target not found: T::U::typeWarn" in ws[1]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='domain-cpp', confoverrides={'nitpicky': True})
+def test_domain_cpp_build_backslash_ok_true(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    ws = filter_warnings(warning, "backslash")
+    assert len(ws) == 0
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='domain-cpp', confoverrides={'nitpicky': True})
+def test_domain_cpp_build_semicolon(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    ws = filter_warnings(warning, "semicolon")
+    assert len(ws) == 0
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='domain-cpp',
+                    confoverrides={'nitpicky': True, 'strip_signature_backslash': True})
+def test_domain_cpp_build_backslash_ok_false(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    ws = filter_warnings(warning, "backslash")
+    assert len(ws) == 1
+    assert "WARNING: Parsing of expression failed. Using fallback parser." in ws[0]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='domain-cpp', confoverrides={'nitpicky': True})
+def test_domain_cpp_build_anon_dup_decl(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    ws = filter_warnings(warning, "anon-dup-decl")
+    assert len(ws) == 2
+    assert "WARNING: cpp:identifier reference target not found: @a" in ws[0]
+    assert "WARNING: cpp:identifier reference target not found: @b" in ws[1]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='domain-cpp')
+def test_domain_cpp_build_misuse_of_roles(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    ws = filter_warnings(warning, "roles-targets-ok")
+    assert len(ws) == 0
+
+    ws = filter_warnings(warning, "roles-targets-warn")
+    # the roles that should be able to generate warnings:
+    allRoles = ['class', 'struct', 'union', 'func', 'member', 'var', 'type', 'concept', 'enum', 'enumerator']
+    ok = [  # targetType, okRoles
+        ('class', ['class', 'struct', 'type']),
+        ('union', ['union', 'type']),
+        ('func', ['func', 'type']),
+        ('member', ['member', 'var']),
+        ('type', ['type']),
+        ('concept', ['concept']),
+        ('enum', ['type', 'enum']),
+        ('enumerator', ['enumerator']),
+        ('functionParam', ['member', 'var']),
+        ('templateParam', ['class', 'struct', 'union', 'member', 'var', 'type']),
+    ]
+    warn = []
+    for targetType, roles in ok:
+        txtTargetType = "function" if targetType == "func" else targetType
+        for r in allRoles:
+            if r not in roles:
+                warn.append(f"WARNING: cpp:{r} targets a {txtTargetType} (")
+                if targetType == 'templateParam':
+                    warn.append(f"WARNING: cpp:{r} targets a {txtTargetType} (")
+                    warn.append(f"WARNING: cpp:{r} targets a {txtTargetType} (")
+    warn = sorted(warn)
+    for w in ws:
+        assert "targets a" in w
+    ws = [w[w.index("WARNING:"):] for w in ws]
+    ws = sorted(ws)
+    print("Expected warnings:")
+    for w in warn:
+        print(w)
+    print("Actual warnings:")
+    for w in ws:
+        print(w)
+
+    for i in range(min(len(warn), len(ws))):
+        assert ws[i].startswith(warn[i])
+
+    assert len(ws) == len(warn)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='domain-cpp', confoverrides={'add_function_parentheses': True})
+def test_domain_cpp_build_with_add_function_parentheses_is_True(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    def check(spec, text, file):
+        pattern = '<li><p>%s<a .*?><code .*?><span .*?>%s</span></code></a></p></li>' % spec
+        res = re.search(pattern, text)
+        if not res:
+            print(f"Pattern\n\t{pattern}\nnot found in {file}")
+            raise AssertionError
+    rolePatterns = [
+        ('', 'Sphinx'),
+        ('', 'Sphinx::version'),
+        ('', 'version'),
+        ('', 'List'),
+        ('', 'MyEnum'),
+    ]
+    parenPatterns = [
+        ('ref function without parens ', r'paren_1\(\)'),
+        ('ref function with parens ', r'paren_2\(\)'),
+        ('ref function without parens, explicit title ', 'paren_3_title'),
+        ('ref function with parens, explicit title ', 'paren_4_title'),
+        ('ref op call without parens ', r'paren_5::operator\(\)\(\)'),
+        ('ref op call with parens ', r'paren_6::operator\(\)\(\)'),
+        ('ref op call without parens, explicit title ', 'paren_7_title'),
+        ('ref op call with parens, explicit title ', 'paren_8_title'),
+    ]
+
+    f = 'roles.html'
+    t = (app.outdir / f).read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    for s in rolePatterns:
+        check(s, t, f)
+    for s in parenPatterns:
+        check(s, t, f)
+
+    f = 'any-role.html'
+    t = (app.outdir / f).read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    for s in parenPatterns:
+        check(s, t, f)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='domain-cpp', confoverrides={'add_function_parentheses': False})
+def test_domain_cpp_build_with_add_function_parentheses_is_False(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    def check(spec, text, file):
+        pattern = '<li><p>%s<a .*?><code .*?><span .*?>%s</span></code></a></p></li>' % spec
+        res = re.search(pattern, text)
+        if not res:
+            print(f"Pattern\n\t{pattern}\nnot found in {file}")
+            raise AssertionError
+    rolePatterns = [
+        ('', 'Sphinx'),
+        ('', 'Sphinx::version'),
+        ('', 'version'),
+        ('', 'List'),
+        ('', 'MyEnum'),
+    ]
+    parenPatterns = [
+        ('ref function without parens ', 'paren_1'),
+        ('ref function with parens ', 'paren_2'),
+        ('ref function without parens, explicit title ', 'paren_3_title'),
+        ('ref function with parens, explicit title ', 'paren_4_title'),
+        ('ref op call without parens ', r'paren_5::operator\(\)'),
+        ('ref op call with parens ', r'paren_6::operator\(\)'),
+        ('ref op call without parens, explicit title ', 'paren_7_title'),
+        ('ref op call with parens, explicit title ', 'paren_8_title'),
+    ]
+
+    f = 'roles.html'
+    t = (app.outdir / f).read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    for s in rolePatterns:
+        check(s, t, f)
+    for s in parenPatterns:
+        check(s, t, f)
+
+    f = 'any-role.html'
+    t = (app.outdir / f).read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    for s in parenPatterns:
+        check(s, t, f)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='domain-cpp')
+def test_domain_cpp_build_xref_consistency(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    test = 'xref_consistency.html'
+    output = (app.outdir / test).read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    def classes(role, tag):
+        pattern = (fr'{role}-role:.*?'
+                   fr'<(?P<tag>{tag}) .*?class=["\'](?P<classes>.*?)["\'].*?>'
+                   r'.*'
+                   r'</(?P=tag)>')
+        result = re.search(pattern, output)
+        expect = f'''\
+Pattern for role `{role}` with tag `{tag}`
+\t{pattern}
+not found in `{test}`
+'''
+        assert result, expect
+        return set(result.group('classes').split())
+
+    class RoleClasses:
+        """Collect the classes from the layout that was generated for a given role."""
+
+        def __init__(self, role, root, contents):
+            self.name = role
+            self.classes = classes(role, root)
+            self.content_classes = {}
+            for tag in contents:
+                self.content_classes[tag] = classes(role, tag)
+
+    # not actually used as a reference point
+    # code_role = RoleClasses('code', 'code', [])
+    any_role = RoleClasses('any', 'a', ['code'])
+    cpp_any_role = RoleClasses('cpp-any', 'a', ['code'])
+    # NYI: consistent looks
+    # texpr_role = RoleClasses('cpp-texpr', 'span', ['a', 'code'])
+    expr_role = RoleClasses('cpp-expr', 'span', ['a'])
+    texpr_role = RoleClasses('cpp-texpr', 'span', ['a', 'span'])
+
+    # XRefRole-style classes
+
+    # any and cpp:any do not put these classes at the root
+
+    # n.b. the generic any machinery finds the specific 'cpp-class' object type
+    expect = 'any uses XRefRole classes'
+    assert {'xref', 'any', 'cpp', 'cpp-class'} <= any_role.content_classes['code'], expect
+
+    expect = 'cpp:any uses XRefRole classes'
+    assert {'xref', 'cpp-any', 'cpp'} <= cpp_any_role.content_classes['code'], expect
+
+    for role in (expr_role, texpr_role):
+        name = role.name
+        expect = f'`{name}` puts the domain and role classes at its root'
+        assert {'sig', 'sig-inline', 'cpp', name} <= role.classes, expect
+
+    # reference classes
+
+    expect = 'the xref roles use the same reference classes'
+    assert any_role.classes == cpp_any_role.classes, expect
+    assert any_role.classes == expr_role.content_classes['a'], expect
+    assert any_role.classes == texpr_role.content_classes['a'], expect
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='domain-cpp', confoverrides={'nitpicky': True})
+def test_domain_cpp_build_field_role(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    ws = filter_warnings(warning, "field-role")
+    assert len(ws) == 0
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='domain-cpp-intersphinx', confoverrides={'nitpicky': True})
+def test_domain_cpp_build_intersphinx(tmp_path, app, status, warning):
+    origSource = """\
+.. cpp:class:: _class
+.. cpp:struct:: _struct
+.. cpp:union:: _union
+.. cpp:function:: void _function()
+.. cpp:member:: int _member
+.. cpp:var:: int _var
+.. cpp:type:: _type
+.. cpp:concept:: template<typename T> _concept
+.. cpp:enum:: _enum
+
+    .. cpp:enumerator:: _enumerator
+
+.. cpp:enum-struct:: _enumStruct
+
+    .. cpp:enumerator:: _scopedEnumerator
+
+.. cpp:enum-class:: _enumClass
+.. cpp:function:: void _functionParam(int param)
+.. cpp:function:: template<typename TParam> void _templateParam()
+"""  # noqa: F841
+    inv_file = tmp_path / 'inventory'
+    inv_file.write_bytes(b'''\
+# Sphinx inventory version 2
+# Project: C Intersphinx Test
+# Version: 
+# The remainder of this file is compressed using zlib.
+''' + zlib.compress(b'''\
+_class cpp:class 1 index.html#_CPPv46$ -
+_concept cpp:concept 1 index.html#_CPPv4I0E8$ -
+_concept::T cpp:templateParam 1 index.html#_CPPv4I0E8_concept -
+_enum cpp:enum 1 index.html#_CPPv45$ -
+_enum::_enumerator cpp:enumerator 1 index.html#_CPPv4N5_enum11_enumeratorE -
+_enumClass cpp:enum 1 index.html#_CPPv410$ -
+_enumStruct cpp:enum 1 index.html#_CPPv411$ -
+_enumStruct::_scopedEnumerator cpp:enumerator 1 index.html#_CPPv4N11_enumStruct17_scopedEnumeratorE -
+_enumerator cpp:enumerator 1 index.html#_CPPv4N5_enum11_enumeratorE -
+_function cpp:function 1 index.html#_CPPv49_functionv -
+_functionParam cpp:function 1 index.html#_CPPv414_functionParami -
+_functionParam::param cpp:functionParam 1 index.html#_CPPv414_functionParami -
+_member cpp:member 1 index.html#_CPPv47$ -
+_struct cpp:class 1 index.html#_CPPv47$ -
+_templateParam cpp:function 1 index.html#_CPPv4I0E14_templateParamvv -
+_templateParam::TParam cpp:templateParam 1 index.html#_CPPv4I0E14_templateParamvv -
+_type cpp:type 1 index.html#_CPPv45$ -
+_union cpp:union 1 index.html#_CPPv46$ -
+_var cpp:member 1 index.html#_CPPv44$ -
+'''))  # noqa: W291
+    app.config.intersphinx_mapping = {
+        'https://localhost/intersphinx/cpp/': str(inv_file),
+    }
+    app.config.intersphinx_cache_limit = 0
+    # load the inventory and check if it's done correctly
+    normalize_intersphinx_mapping(app, app.config)
+    load_mappings(app)
+
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    ws = filter_warnings(warning, "index")
+    assert len(ws) == 0
+
+
+def test_domain_cpp_parse_no_index_entry(app):
+    text = (".. cpp:function:: void f()\n"
+            ".. cpp:function:: void g()\n"
+            "   :no-index-entry:\n")
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index, desc, addnodes.index, desc))
+    assert_node(doctree[0], addnodes.index, entries=[('single', 'f (C++ function)', '_CPPv41fv', '', None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[2], addnodes.index, entries=[])
+
+
+def test_domain_cpp_parse_mix_decl_duplicate(app, warning):
+    # Issue 8270
+    text = (".. cpp:struct:: A\n"
+            ".. cpp:function:: void A()\n"
+            ".. cpp:struct:: A\n")
+    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    ws = warning.getvalue().split("\n")
+    assert len(ws) == 5
+    assert "index.rst:2: WARNING: Duplicate C++ declaration, also defined at index:1." in ws[0]
+    assert "Declaration is '.. cpp:function:: void A()'." in ws[1]
+    assert "index.rst:3: WARNING: Duplicate C++ declaration, also defined at index:1." in ws[2]
+    assert "Declaration is '.. cpp:struct:: A'." in ws[3]
+    assert ws[4] == ""
+
+
+# For some reason, using the default testroot of "root" leads to the contents of
+# `test-root/objects.txt` polluting the symbol table depending on the test
+# execution order.  Using a testroot of "config" seems to avoid that problem.
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='config')
+def test_domain_cpp_normalize_unspecialized_template_args(make_app, app_params):
+    args, kwargs = app_params
+
+    text1 = (".. cpp:class:: template <typename T> A\n")
+    text2 = (".. cpp:class:: template <typename T> template <typename U> A<T>::B\n")
+
+    app1 = make_app(*args, **kwargs)
+    restructuredtext.parse(app=app1, text=text1, docname='text1')
+    root1 = app1.env.domaindata['cpp']['root_symbol']
+
+    assert root1.dump(1) == (
+        '  ::\n'
+        '    template<typename T> \n'
+        '    A: {class} template<typename T> A\t(text1)\n'
+        '      T: {templateParam} typename T\t(text1)\n'
+    )
+
+    app2 = make_app(*args, **kwargs)
+    restructuredtext.parse(app=app2, text=text2, docname='text2')
+    root2 = app2.env.domaindata['cpp']['root_symbol']
+
+    assert root2.dump(1) == (
+        '  ::\n'
+        '    template<typename T> \n'
+        '    A\n'
+        '      T\n'
+        '      template<typename U> \n'
+        '      B: {class} template<typename T> template<typename U> A<T>::B\t(text2)\n'
+        '        U: {templateParam} typename U\t(text2)\n'
+    )
+
+    root2.merge_with(root1, ['text1'], app2.env)
+
+    assert root2.dump(1) == (
+        '  ::\n'
+        '    template<typename T> \n'
+        '    A: {class} template<typename T> A\t(text1)\n'
+        '      T: {templateParam} typename T\t(text1)\n'
+        '      template<typename U> \n'
+        '      B: {class} template<typename T> template<typename U> A<T>::B\t(text2)\n'
+        '        U: {templateParam} typename U\t(text2)\n'
+    )
+    warning = app2._warning.getvalue()
+    assert 'Internal C++ domain error during symbol merging' not in warning
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
+    'cpp_maximum_signature_line_length': len('str hello(str name)'),
+})
+def test_cpp_function_signature_with_cpp_maximum_signature_line_length_equal(app):
+    text = '.. cpp:function:: str hello(str name)'
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_signature_line, (
+                    pending_xref,
+                    desc_sig_space,
+                    [desc_name, [desc_sig_name, 'hello']],
+                    desc_parameterlist,
+                )],
+            )],
+            desc_content,
+        )],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype='function',
+                domain='cpp', objtype='function', no_index=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
+        [pending_xref, [desc_sig_name, 'str']],
+        desc_sig_space,
+        [desc_sig_name, 'name'],
+    )])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
+    'cpp_maximum_signature_line_length': len('str hello(str name)'),
+})
+def test_cpp_function_signature_with_cpp_maximum_signature_line_length_force_single(app):
+    text = ('.. cpp:function:: str hello(str names)\n'
+            '   :single-line-parameter-list:')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_signature_line, (
+                    pending_xref,
+                    desc_sig_space,
+                    [desc_name, [desc_sig_name, 'hello']],
+                    desc_parameterlist,
+                )],
+            )],
+            desc_content,
+        )],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype='function',
+                domain='cpp', objtype='function', no_index=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
+        [pending_xref, [desc_sig_name, 'str']],
+        desc_sig_space,
+        [desc_sig_name, 'names']),
+    ])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
+    'cpp_maximum_signature_line_length': len("str hello(str name)"),
+})
+def test_cpp_function_signature_with_cpp_maximum_signature_line_length_break(app):
+    text = '.. cpp:function:: str hello(str names)'
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_signature_line, (
+                    pending_xref,
+                    desc_sig_space,
+                    [desc_name, [desc_sig_name, 'hello']],
+                    desc_parameterlist,
+                )],
+            )],
+            desc_content,
+        )],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype='function',
+                domain='cpp', objtype='function', no_index=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
+        [pending_xref, [desc_sig_name, 'str']],
+        desc_sig_space,
+        [desc_sig_name, 'names']),
+    ])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=True)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
+    'maximum_signature_line_length': len('str hello(str name)'),
+})
+def test_cpp_function_signature_with_maximum_signature_line_length_equal(app):
+    text = '.. cpp:function:: str hello(str name)'
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_signature_line, (
+                    pending_xref,
+                    desc_sig_space,
+                    [desc_name, [desc_sig_name, 'hello']],
+                    desc_parameterlist,
+                )],
+            )],
+            desc_content,
+        )],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype='function',
+                domain='cpp', objtype='function', no_index=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
+        [pending_xref, [desc_sig_name, 'str']],
+        desc_sig_space,
+        [desc_sig_name, 'name'],
+    )])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
+    'maximum_signature_line_length': len('str hello(str name)'),
+})
+def test_cpp_function_signature_with_maximum_signature_line_length_force_single(app):
+    text = ('.. cpp:function:: str hello(str names)\n'
+            '   :single-line-parameter-list:')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_signature_line, (
+                    pending_xref,
+                    desc_sig_space,
+                    [desc_name, [desc_sig_name, 'hello']],
+                    desc_parameterlist,
+                )],
+            )],
+            desc_content,
+        )],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype='function',
+                domain='cpp', objtype='function', no_index=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
+        [pending_xref, [desc_sig_name, 'str']],
+        desc_sig_space,
+        [desc_sig_name, 'names']),
+    ])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
+    'maximum_signature_line_length': len("str hello(str name)"),
+})
+def test_cpp_function_signature_with_maximum_signature_line_length_break(app):
+    text = '.. cpp:function:: str hello(str names)'
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_signature_line, (
+                    pending_xref,
+                    desc_sig_space,
+                    [desc_name, [desc_sig_name, 'hello']],
+                    desc_parameterlist,
+                )],
+            )],
+            desc_content,
+        )],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype='function',
+                domain='cpp', objtype='function', no_index=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
+        [pending_xref, [desc_sig_name, 'str']],
+        desc_sig_space,
+        [desc_sig_name, 'names']),
+    ])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=True)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
+    'cpp_maximum_signature_line_length': len('str hello(str name)'),
+    'maximum_signature_line_length': 1,
+})
+def test_cpp_maximum_signature_line_length_overrides_global(app):
+    text = '.. cpp:function:: str hello(str name)'
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_signature_line, (pending_xref,
+                                                         desc_sig_space,
+                                                         [desc_name, [desc_sig_name, "hello"]],
+                                                         desc_parameterlist)])],
+                desc_content)],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype='function',
+                domain='cpp', objtype='function', no_index=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
+        [pending_xref, [desc_sig_name, 'str']],
+        desc_sig_space,
+        [desc_sig_name, 'name'],
+    )])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][0][3], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='domain-cpp-cpp_maximum_signature_line_length')
+def test_domain_cpp_cpp_maximum_signature_line_length_in_html(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf-8')
+    expected = """\
+
+<dl>
+<dd>\
+<span class="n"><span class="pre">str</span></span>\
+<span class="w"> </span>\
+<span class="n sig-param"><span class="pre">name</span></span>,\
+</dd>
+</dl>
+
+<span class="sig-paren">)</span>\
+<a class="headerlink" href=\
+"""
+    assert expected in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'text', testroot='domain-cpp-cpp_maximum_signature_line_length',
+)
+def test_domain_cpp_cpp_maximum_signature_line_length_in_text(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    param_line_fmt = STDINDENT * " " + "{}\n"
+
+    expected_parameter_list_hello = "(\n{})".format(param_line_fmt.format("str name,"))
+
+    assert expected_parameter_list_hello in content
diff --git a/tests/test_domain_js.py b/tests/test_domain_js.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bf4c3fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_domain_js.py
@@ -0,0 +1,505 @@
+"""Tests the JavaScript Domain"""
+
+from unittest.mock import Mock
+
+import docutils.utils
+import pytest
+from docutils import nodes
+
+from sphinx import addnodes
+from sphinx.addnodes import (
+    desc,
+    desc_annotation,
+    desc_content,
+    desc_name,
+    desc_parameter,
+    desc_parameterlist,
+    desc_sig_keyword,
+    desc_sig_name,
+    desc_sig_space,
+    desc_signature,
+)
+from sphinx.domains.javascript import JavaScriptDomain
+from sphinx.testing import restructuredtext
+from sphinx.testing.util import assert_node
+from sphinx.writers.text import STDINDENT
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='domain-js')
+def test_domain_js_xrefs(app, status, warning):
+    """Domain objects have correct prefixes when looking up xrefs"""
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    def assert_refnode(node, mod_name, prefix, target, reftype=None,
+                       domain='js'):
+        attributes = {
+            'refdomain': domain,
+            'reftarget': target,
+        }
+        if reftype is not None:
+            attributes['reftype'] = reftype
+        if mod_name is not False:
+            attributes['js:module'] = mod_name
+        if prefix is not False:
+            attributes['js:object'] = prefix
+        assert_node(node, **attributes)
+
+    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('roles')
+    refnodes = list(doctree.findall(addnodes.pending_xref))
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[0], None, None, 'TopLevel', 'class')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[1], None, None, 'top_level', 'func')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[2], None, 'NestedParentA', 'child_1', 'func')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[3], None, 'NestedParentA', 'NestedChildA.subchild_2', 'func')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[4], None, 'NestedParentA', 'child_2', 'func')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[5], False, 'NestedParentA', 'any_child', domain='')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[6], None, 'NestedParentA', 'NestedChildA', 'class')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[7], None, 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA', 'subchild_2', 'func')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[8], None, 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA',
+                   'NestedParentA.child_1', 'func')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[9], None, 'NestedParentA', 'NestedChildA.subchild_1', 'func')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[10], None, 'NestedParentB', 'child_1', 'func')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[11], None, 'NestedParentB', 'NestedParentB', 'class')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[12], None, None, 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA', 'class')
+    assert len(refnodes) == 13
+
+    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('module')
+    refnodes = list(doctree.findall(addnodes.pending_xref))
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[0], 'module_a.submodule', None, 'ModTopLevel',
+                   'class')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[1], 'module_a.submodule', 'ModTopLevel',
+                   'mod_child_1', 'meth')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[2], 'module_a.submodule', 'ModTopLevel',
+                   'ModTopLevel.mod_child_1', 'meth')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[3], 'module_a.submodule', 'ModTopLevel',
+                   'mod_child_2', 'meth')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[4], 'module_a.submodule', 'ModTopLevel',
+                   'module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel.mod_child_1', 'meth')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[5], 'module_b.submodule', None, 'ModTopLevel',
+                   'class')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[6], 'module_b.submodule', 'ModTopLevel',
+                   'module_a.submodule', 'mod')
+    assert len(refnodes) == 7
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='domain-js')
+def test_domain_js_objects(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    modules = app.env.domains['js'].data['modules']
+    objects = app.env.domains['js'].data['objects']
+
+    assert 'module_a.submodule' in modules
+    assert 'module_a.submodule' in objects
+    assert 'module_b.submodule' in modules
+    assert 'module_b.submodule' in objects
+
+    assert objects['module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel'][2] == 'class'
+    assert objects['module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel.mod_child_1'][2] == 'method'
+    assert objects['module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel.mod_child_2'][2] == 'method'
+    assert objects['module_b.submodule.ModTopLevel'][2] == 'class'
+
+    assert objects['TopLevel'][2] == 'class'
+    assert objects['top_level'][2] == 'function'
+    assert objects['NestedParentA'][2] == 'class'
+    assert objects['NestedParentA.child_1'][2] == 'function'
+    assert objects['NestedParentA.any_child'][2] == 'function'
+    assert objects['NestedParentA.NestedChildA'][2] == 'class'
+    assert objects['NestedParentA.NestedChildA.subchild_1'][2] == 'function'
+    assert objects['NestedParentA.NestedChildA.subchild_2'][2] == 'function'
+    assert objects['NestedParentA.child_2'][2] == 'function'
+    assert objects['NestedParentB'][2] == 'class'
+    assert objects['NestedParentB.child_1'][2] == 'function'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='domain-js')
+def test_domain_js_find_obj(app, status, warning):
+
+    def find_obj(mod_name, prefix, obj_name, obj_type, searchmode=0):
+        return app.env.domains['js'].find_obj(
+            app.env, mod_name, prefix, obj_name, obj_type, searchmode)
+
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    assert (find_obj(None, None, 'NONEXISTANT', 'class') == (None, None))
+    assert (find_obj(None, None, 'NestedParentA', 'class') ==
+            ('NestedParentA', ('roles', 'NestedParentA', 'class')))
+    assert (find_obj(None, None, 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA', 'class') ==
+            ('NestedParentA.NestedChildA',
+             ('roles', 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA', 'class')))
+    assert (find_obj(None, 'NestedParentA', 'NestedChildA', 'class') ==
+            ('NestedParentA.NestedChildA',
+             ('roles', 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA', 'class')))
+    assert (find_obj(None, None, 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA.subchild_1', 'func') ==
+            ('NestedParentA.NestedChildA.subchild_1',
+             ('roles', 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA.subchild_1', 'function')))
+    assert (find_obj(None, 'NestedParentA', 'NestedChildA.subchild_1', 'func') ==
+            ('NestedParentA.NestedChildA.subchild_1',
+             ('roles', 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA.subchild_1', 'function')))
+    assert (find_obj(None, 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA', 'subchild_1', 'func') ==
+            ('NestedParentA.NestedChildA.subchild_1',
+             ('roles', 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA.subchild_1', 'function')))
+    assert (find_obj('module_a.submodule', 'ModTopLevel', 'mod_child_2', 'meth') ==
+            ('module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel.mod_child_2',
+             ('module', 'module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel.mod_child_2', 'method')))
+    assert (find_obj('module_b.submodule', 'ModTopLevel', 'module_a.submodule', 'mod') ==
+            ('module_a.submodule',
+             ('module', 'module-module_a.submodule', 'module')))
+
+
+def test_get_full_qualified_name():
+    env = Mock(domaindata={})
+    domain = JavaScriptDomain(env)
+
+    # non-js references
+    node = nodes.reference()
+    assert domain.get_full_qualified_name(node) is None
+
+    # simple reference
+    node = nodes.reference(reftarget='func')
+    assert domain.get_full_qualified_name(node) == 'func'
+
+    # with js:module context
+    kwargs = {'js:module': 'module1'}
+    node = nodes.reference(reftarget='func', **kwargs)
+    assert domain.get_full_qualified_name(node) == 'module1.func'
+
+    # with js:object context
+    kwargs = {'js:object': 'Class'}
+    node = nodes.reference(reftarget='func', **kwargs)
+    assert domain.get_full_qualified_name(node) == 'Class.func'
+
+    # with both js:module and js:object context
+    kwargs = {'js:module': 'module1', 'js:object': 'Class'}
+    node = nodes.reference(reftarget='func', **kwargs)
+    assert domain.get_full_qualified_name(node) == 'module1.Class.func'
+
+
+def test_js_module(app):
+    text = ".. js:module:: sphinx"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          nodes.target))
+    assert_node(doctree[0], addnodes.index,
+                entries=[("single", "sphinx (module)", "module-sphinx", "", None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[1], nodes.target, ids=["module-sphinx"])
+
+
+def test_js_function(app):
+    text = ".. js:function:: sum(a, b)"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, ([desc_sig_name, "sum"])],
+                                                    desc_parameterlist)],
+                                  [desc_content, ()])]))
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], [desc_parameterlist, ([desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "a"])],
+                                                        [desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "b"])])])
+    assert_node(doctree[0], addnodes.index,
+                entries=[("single", "sum() (built-in function)", "sum", "", None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, domain="js", objtype="function", no_index=False)
+
+
+def test_js_class(app):
+    text = ".. js:class:: Application"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ([desc_sig_keyword, 'class'],
+                                                                       desc_sig_space)],
+                                                    [desc_name, ([desc_sig_name, "Application"])],
+                                                    [desc_parameterlist, ()])],
+                                  [desc_content, ()])]))
+    assert_node(doctree[0], addnodes.index,
+                entries=[("single", "Application() (class)", "Application", "", None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, domain="js", objtype="class", no_index=False)
+
+
+def test_js_data(app):
+    text = ".. js:data:: name"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, ([desc_sig_name, "name"])])],
+                                  [desc_content, ()])]))
+    assert_node(doctree[0], addnodes.index,
+                entries=[("single", "name (global variable or constant)", "name", "", None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, domain="js", objtype="data", no_index=False)
+
+
+def test_no_index_entry(app):
+    text = (".. js:function:: f()\n"
+            ".. js:function:: g()\n"
+            "   :no-index-entry:\n")
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index, desc, addnodes.index, desc))
+    assert_node(doctree[0], addnodes.index, entries=[('single', 'f() (built-in function)', 'f', '', None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[2], addnodes.index, entries=[])
+
+
+def test_module_content_line_number(app):
+    text = (".. js:module:: foo\n" +
+            "\n" +
+            "   Some link here: :ref:`abc`\n")
+    doc = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    xrefs = list(doc.findall(condition=addnodes.pending_xref))
+    assert len(xrefs) == 1
+    source, line = docutils.utils.get_source_line(xrefs[0])
+    assert 'index.rst' in source
+    assert line == 3
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
+    'javascript_maximum_signature_line_length': len("hello(name)"),
+})
+def test_jsfunction_signature_with_javascript_maximum_signature_line_length_equal(app):
+    text = ".. js:function:: hello(name)"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_name, ([desc_sig_name, "hello"])],
+                desc_parameterlist,
+            )],
+            desc_content,
+        )],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], desc, desctype="function",
+                domain="js", objtype="function", no_index=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1],
+                [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "name"])])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
+    'javascript_maximum_signature_line_length': len("hello(name)"),
+})
+def test_jsfunction_signature_with_javascript_maximum_signature_line_length_force_single(app):
+    text = (".. js:function:: hello(names)\n"
+            "   :single-line-parameter-list:")
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_name, ([desc_sig_name, "hello"])],
+                desc_parameterlist,
+            )],
+            desc_content,
+        )],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], desc, desctype="function",
+                domain="js", objtype="function", no_index=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1],
+                [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "names"])])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
+    'javascript_maximum_signature_line_length': len("hello(name)"),
+})
+def test_jsfunction_signature_with_javascript_maximum_signature_line_length_break(app):
+    text = ".. js:function:: hello(names)"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_name, ([desc_sig_name, "hello"])],
+                desc_parameterlist,
+            )],
+            desc_content,
+        )],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], desc, desctype="function",
+                domain="js", objtype="function", no_index=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1],
+                [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "names"])])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=True)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
+    'maximum_signature_line_length': len("hello(name)"),
+})
+def test_jsfunction_signature_with_maximum_signature_line_length_equal(app):
+    text = ".. js:function:: hello(name)"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_name, ([desc_sig_name, "hello"])],
+                desc_parameterlist,
+            )],
+            desc_content,
+        )],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], desc, desctype="function",
+                domain="js", objtype="function", no_index=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1],
+                [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "name"])])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
+    'maximum_signature_line_length': len("hello(name)"),
+})
+def test_jsfunction_signature_with_maximum_signature_line_length_force_single(app):
+    text = (".. js:function:: hello(names)\n"
+            "   :single-line-parameter-list:")
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_name, ([desc_sig_name, "hello"])],
+                desc_parameterlist,
+            )],
+            desc_content,
+        )],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], desc, desctype="function",
+                domain="js", objtype="function", no_index=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1],
+                [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "names"])])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
+    'maximum_signature_line_length': len("hello(name)"),
+})
+def test_jsfunction_signature_with_maximum_signature_line_length_break(app):
+    text = ".. js:function:: hello(names)"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_name, ([desc_sig_name, "hello"])],
+                desc_parameterlist,
+            )],
+            desc_content,
+        )],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], desc, desctype="function",
+                domain="js", objtype="function", no_index=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1],
+                [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "names"])])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=True)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'html',
+    confoverrides={
+        'javascript_maximum_signature_line_length': len("hello(name)"),
+        'maximum_signature_line_length': 1,
+    },
+)
+def test_javascript_maximum_signature_line_length_overrides_global(app):
+    text = ".. js:function:: hello(name)"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    expected_doctree = (addnodes.index,
+                        [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, ([desc_sig_name, "hello"])],
+                                                  desc_parameterlist)],
+                                desc_content)])
+    assert_node(doctree, expected_doctree)
+    assert_node(doctree[1], desc, desctype="function",
+                domain="js", objtype="function", no_index=False)
+    expected_sig = [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, [desc_sig_name, "name"]]
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], expected_sig)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'html', testroot='domain-js-javascript_maximum_signature_line_length',
+)
+def test_domain_js_javascript_maximum_signature_line_length_in_html(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    expected_parameter_list_hello = """\
+
+<dl>
+<dd>\
+<em class="sig-param">\
+<span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span>\
+</em>,\
+</dd>
+</dl>
+
+<span class="sig-paren">)</span>\
+<a class="headerlink" href="#hello" title="Link to this definition">¶</a>\
+</dt>\
+"""
+    assert expected_parameter_list_hello in content
+
+    param_line_fmt = '<dd>{}</dd>\n'
+    param_name_fmt = (
+        '<em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">{}</span></span></em>'
+    )
+    optional_fmt = '<span class="optional">{}</span>'
+
+    expected_a = param_line_fmt.format(
+        optional_fmt.format("[") + param_name_fmt.format("a") + "," + optional_fmt.format("["),
+    )
+    assert expected_a in content
+
+    expected_b = param_line_fmt.format(
+        param_name_fmt.format("b") + "," + optional_fmt.format("]") + optional_fmt.format("]"),
+    )
+    assert expected_b in content
+
+    expected_c = param_line_fmt.format(param_name_fmt.format("c") + ",")
+    assert expected_c in content
+
+    expected_d = param_line_fmt.format(param_name_fmt.format("d") + optional_fmt.format("[") + ",")
+    assert expected_d in content
+
+    expected_e = param_line_fmt.format(param_name_fmt.format("e") + ",")
+    assert expected_e in content
+
+    expected_f = param_line_fmt.format(param_name_fmt.format("f") + "," + optional_fmt.format("]"))
+    assert expected_f in content
+
+    expected_parameter_list_foo = """\
+
+<dl>
+{}{}{}{}{}{}</dl>
+
+<span class="sig-paren">)</span>\
+<a class="headerlink" href="#foo" title="Link to this definition">¶</a>\
+</dt>\
+""".format(expected_a, expected_b, expected_c, expected_d, expected_e, expected_f)
+    assert expected_parameter_list_foo in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'text', testroot='domain-js-javascript_maximum_signature_line_length',
+)
+def test_domain_js_javascript_maximum_signature_line_length_in_text(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    param_line_fmt = STDINDENT * " " + "{}\n"
+
+    expected_parameter_list_hello = "(\n{})".format(param_line_fmt.format("name,"))
+
+    assert expected_parameter_list_hello in content
+
+    expected_a = param_line_fmt.format("[a,[")
+    assert expected_a in content
+
+    expected_b = param_line_fmt.format("b,]]")
+    assert expected_b in content
+
+    expected_c = param_line_fmt.format("c,")
+    assert expected_c in content
+
+    expected_d = param_line_fmt.format("d[,")
+    assert expected_d in content
+
+    expected_e = param_line_fmt.format("e,")
+    assert expected_e in content
+
+    expected_f = param_line_fmt.format("f,]")
+    assert expected_f in content
+
+    expected_parameter_list_foo = "(\n{}{}{}{}{}{})".format(
+        expected_a, expected_b, expected_c, expected_d, expected_e, expected_f,
+    )
+    assert expected_parameter_list_foo in content
diff --git a/tests/test_domain_py.py b/tests/test_domain_py.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c5a044b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_domain_py.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2123 @@
+"""Tests the Python Domain"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import re
+from unittest.mock import Mock
+
+import docutils.utils
+import pytest
+from docutils import nodes
+
+from sphinx import addnodes
+from sphinx.addnodes import (
+    desc,
+    desc_addname,
+    desc_annotation,
+    desc_content,
+    desc_name,
+    desc_optional,
+    desc_parameter,
+    desc_parameterlist,
+    desc_returns,
+    desc_sig_keyword,
+    desc_sig_literal_number,
+    desc_sig_literal_string,
+    desc_sig_name,
+    desc_sig_operator,
+    desc_sig_punctuation,
+    desc_sig_space,
+    desc_signature,
+    desc_type_parameter,
+    desc_type_parameter_list,
+    pending_xref,
+)
+from sphinx.domains import IndexEntry
+from sphinx.domains.python import (
+    PythonDomain,
+    PythonModuleIndex,
+    _parse_annotation,
+    _pseudo_parse_arglist,
+    py_sig_re,
+)
+from sphinx.testing import restructuredtext
+from sphinx.testing.util import assert_node
+from sphinx.writers.text import STDINDENT
+
+
+def parse(sig):
+    m = py_sig_re.match(sig)
+    if m is None:
+        raise ValueError
+    name_prefix, tp_list, name, arglist, retann = m.groups()
+    signode = addnodes.desc_signature(sig, '')
+    _pseudo_parse_arglist(signode, arglist)
+    return signode.astext()
+
+
+def test_function_signatures():
+    rv = parse('func(a=1) -> int object')
+    assert rv == '(a=1)'
+
+    rv = parse('func(a=1, [b=None])')
+    assert rv == '(a=1, [b=None])'
+
+    rv = parse('func(a=1[, b=None])')
+    assert rv == '(a=1, [b=None])'
+
+    rv = parse("compile(source : string, filename, symbol='file')")
+    assert rv == "(source : string, filename, symbol='file')"
+
+    rv = parse('func(a=[], [b=None])')
+    assert rv == '(a=[], [b=None])'
+
+    rv = parse('func(a=[][, b=None])')
+    assert rv == '(a=[], [b=None])'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='domain-py')
+def test_domain_py_xrefs(app, status, warning):
+    """Domain objects have correct prefixes when looking up xrefs"""
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    def assert_refnode(node, module_name, class_name, target, reftype=None,
+                       domain='py'):
+        attributes = {
+            'refdomain': domain,
+            'reftarget': target,
+        }
+        if reftype is not None:
+            attributes['reftype'] = reftype
+        if module_name is not False:
+            attributes['py:module'] = module_name
+        if class_name is not False:
+            attributes['py:class'] = class_name
+        assert_node(node, **attributes)
+
+    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('roles')
+    refnodes = list(doctree.findall(pending_xref))
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[0], None, None, 'TopLevel', 'class')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[1], None, None, 'top_level', 'meth')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[2], None, 'NestedParentA', 'child_1', 'meth')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[3], None, 'NestedParentA', 'NestedChildA.subchild_2', 'meth')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[4], None, 'NestedParentA', 'child_2', 'meth')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[5], False, 'NestedParentA', 'any_child', domain='')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[6], None, 'NestedParentA', 'NestedChildA', 'class')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[7], None, 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA', 'subchild_2', 'meth')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[8], None, 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA',
+                   'NestedParentA.child_1', 'meth')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[9], None, 'NestedParentA', 'NestedChildA.subchild_1', 'meth')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[10], None, 'NestedParentB', 'child_1', 'meth')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[11], None, 'NestedParentB', 'NestedParentB', 'class')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[12], None, None, 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA', 'class')
+    assert len(refnodes) == 13
+
+    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('module')
+    refnodes = list(doctree.findall(pending_xref))
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[0], 'module_a.submodule', None,
+                   'ModTopLevel', 'class')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[1], 'module_a.submodule', 'ModTopLevel',
+                   'mod_child_1', 'meth')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[2], 'module_a.submodule', 'ModTopLevel',
+                   'ModTopLevel.mod_child_1', 'meth')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[3], 'module_a.submodule', 'ModTopLevel',
+                   'mod_child_2', 'meth')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[4], 'module_a.submodule', 'ModTopLevel',
+                   'module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel.mod_child_1', 'meth')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[5], 'module_a.submodule', 'ModTopLevel',
+                   'prop', 'attr')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[6], 'module_a.submodule', 'ModTopLevel',
+                   'prop', 'meth')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[7], 'module_b.submodule', None,
+                   'ModTopLevel', 'class')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[8], 'module_b.submodule', 'ModTopLevel',
+                   'ModNoModule', 'class')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[9], False, False, 'int', 'class')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[10], False, False, 'tuple', 'class')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[11], False, False, 'str', 'class')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[12], False, False, 'float', 'class')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[13], False, False, 'list', 'class')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[14], False, False, 'ModTopLevel', 'class')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[15], False, False, 'index', 'doc', domain='std')
+    assert len(refnodes) == 16
+
+    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('module_option')
+    refnodes = list(doctree.findall(pending_xref))
+    print(refnodes)
+    print(refnodes[0])
+    print(refnodes[1])
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[0], 'test.extra', 'B', 'foo', 'meth')
+    assert_refnode(refnodes[1], 'test.extra', 'B', 'foo', 'meth')
+    assert len(refnodes) == 2
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='domain-py')
+def test_domain_py_xrefs_abbreviations(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'abbr.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert re.search(r'normal: <a .* href="module.html#module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel.'
+                     r'mod_child_1" .*><.*>module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel.mod_child_1\(\)'
+                     r'<.*></a>',
+                     content)
+    assert re.search(r'relative: <a .* href="module.html#module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel.'
+                     r'mod_child_1" .*><.*>ModTopLevel.mod_child_1\(\)<.*></a>',
+                     content)
+    assert re.search(r'short name: <a .* href="module.html#module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel.'
+                     r'mod_child_1" .*><.*>mod_child_1\(\)<.*></a>',
+                     content)
+    assert re.search(r'relative \+ short name: <a .* href="module.html#module_a.submodule.'
+                     r'ModTopLevel.mod_child_1" .*><.*>mod_child_1\(\)<.*></a>',
+                     content)
+    assert re.search(r'short name \+ relative: <a .* href="module.html#module_a.submodule.'
+                     r'ModTopLevel.mod_child_1" .*><.*>mod_child_1\(\)<.*></a>',
+                     content)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='domain-py')
+def test_domain_py_objects(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    modules = app.env.domains['py'].data['modules']
+    objects = app.env.domains['py'].data['objects']
+
+    assert 'module_a.submodule' in modules
+    assert 'module_a.submodule' in objects
+    assert 'module_b.submodule' in modules
+    assert 'module_b.submodule' in objects
+
+    assert objects['module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel'][2] == 'class'
+    assert objects['module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel.mod_child_1'][2] == 'method'
+    assert objects['module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel.mod_child_2'][2] == 'method'
+    assert 'ModTopLevel.ModNoModule' not in objects
+    assert objects['ModNoModule'][2] == 'class'
+    assert objects['module_b.submodule.ModTopLevel'][2] == 'class'
+
+    assert objects['TopLevel'][2] == 'class'
+    assert objects['top_level'][2] == 'method'
+    assert objects['NestedParentA'][2] == 'class'
+    assert objects['NestedParentA.child_1'][2] == 'method'
+    assert objects['NestedParentA.any_child'][2] == 'method'
+    assert objects['NestedParentA.NestedChildA'][2] == 'class'
+    assert objects['NestedParentA.NestedChildA.subchild_1'][2] == 'method'
+    assert objects['NestedParentA.NestedChildA.subchild_2'][2] == 'method'
+    assert objects['NestedParentA.child_2'][2] == 'method'
+    assert objects['NestedParentB'][2] == 'class'
+    assert objects['NestedParentB.child_1'][2] == 'method'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='domain-py')
+def test_resolve_xref_for_properties(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'module.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('Link to <a class="reference internal" href="#module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel.prop"'
+            ' title="module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel.prop">'
+            '<code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'
+            'prop</span> <span class="pre">attribute</span></code></a>' in content)
+    assert ('Link to <a class="reference internal" href="#module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel.prop"'
+            ' title="module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel.prop">'
+            '<code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'
+            'prop</span> <span class="pre">method</span></code></a>' in content)
+    assert ('Link to <a class="reference internal" href="#module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel.prop"'
+            ' title="module_a.submodule.ModTopLevel.prop">'
+            '<code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'
+            'prop</span> <span class="pre">attribute</span></code></a>' in content)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='domain-py')
+def test_domain_py_find_obj(app, status, warning):
+
+    def find_obj(modname, prefix, obj_name, obj_type, searchmode=0):
+        return app.env.domains['py'].find_obj(
+            app.env, modname, prefix, obj_name, obj_type, searchmode)
+
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    assert (find_obj(None, None, 'NONEXISTANT', 'class') == [])
+    assert (find_obj(None, None, 'NestedParentA', 'class') ==
+            [('NestedParentA', ('roles', 'NestedParentA', 'class', False))])
+    assert (find_obj(None, None, 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA', 'class') ==
+            [('NestedParentA.NestedChildA',
+              ('roles', 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA', 'class', False))])
+    assert (find_obj(None, 'NestedParentA', 'NestedChildA', 'class') ==
+            [('NestedParentA.NestedChildA',
+              ('roles', 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA', 'class', False))])
+    assert (find_obj(None, None, 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA.subchild_1', 'meth') ==
+            [('NestedParentA.NestedChildA.subchild_1',
+              ('roles', 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA.subchild_1', 'method', False))])
+    assert (find_obj(None, 'NestedParentA', 'NestedChildA.subchild_1', 'meth') ==
+            [('NestedParentA.NestedChildA.subchild_1',
+              ('roles', 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA.subchild_1', 'method', False))])
+    assert (find_obj(None, 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA', 'subchild_1', 'meth') ==
+            [('NestedParentA.NestedChildA.subchild_1',
+              ('roles', 'NestedParentA.NestedChildA.subchild_1', 'method', False))])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='domain-py', freshenv=True)
+def test_domain_py_canonical(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'canonical.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('<a class="reference internal" href="#canonical.Foo" title="canonical.Foo">'
+            '<code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">'
+            '<span class="pre">Foo</span></code></a>' in content)
+    assert warning.getvalue() == ''
+
+
+def test_get_full_qualified_name():
+    env = Mock(domaindata={})
+    domain = PythonDomain(env)
+
+    # non-python references
+    node = nodes.reference()
+    assert domain.get_full_qualified_name(node) is None
+
+    # simple reference
+    node = nodes.reference(reftarget='func')
+    assert domain.get_full_qualified_name(node) == 'func'
+
+    # with py:module context
+    kwargs = {'py:module': 'module1'}
+    node = nodes.reference(reftarget='func', **kwargs)
+    assert domain.get_full_qualified_name(node) == 'module1.func'
+
+    # with py:class context
+    kwargs = {'py:class': 'Class'}
+    node = nodes.reference(reftarget='func', **kwargs)
+    assert domain.get_full_qualified_name(node) == 'Class.func'
+
+    # with both py:module and py:class context
+    kwargs = {'py:module': 'module1', 'py:class': 'Class'}
+    node = nodes.reference(reftarget='func', **kwargs)
+    assert domain.get_full_qualified_name(node) == 'module1.Class.func'
+
+
+def test_parse_annotation(app):
+    doctree = _parse_annotation("int", app.env)
+    assert_node(doctree, ([pending_xref, "int"],))
+    assert_node(doctree[0], pending_xref, refdomain="py", reftype="class", reftarget="int")
+
+    doctree = _parse_annotation("List[int]", app.env)
+    assert_node(doctree, ([pending_xref, "List"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "["],
+                          [pending_xref, "int"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "]"]))
+
+    doctree = _parse_annotation("Tuple[int, int]", app.env)
+    assert_node(doctree, ([pending_xref, "Tuple"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "["],
+                          [pending_xref, "int"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, ","],
+                          desc_sig_space,
+                          [pending_xref, "int"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "]"]))
+
+    doctree = _parse_annotation("Tuple[()]", app.env)
+    assert_node(doctree, ([pending_xref, "Tuple"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "["],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "("],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, ")"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "]"]))
+
+    doctree = _parse_annotation("Tuple[int, ...]", app.env)
+    assert_node(doctree, ([pending_xref, "Tuple"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "["],
+                          [pending_xref, "int"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, ","],
+                          desc_sig_space,
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "..."],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "]"]))
+
+    doctree = _parse_annotation("Callable[[int, int], int]", app.env)
+    assert_node(doctree, ([pending_xref, "Callable"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "["],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "["],
+                          [pending_xref, "int"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, ","],
+                          desc_sig_space,
+                          [pending_xref, "int"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "]"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, ","],
+                          desc_sig_space,
+                          [pending_xref, "int"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "]"]))
+
+    doctree = _parse_annotation("Callable[[], int]", app.env)
+    assert_node(doctree, ([pending_xref, "Callable"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "["],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "["],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "]"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, ","],
+                          desc_sig_space,
+                          [pending_xref, "int"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "]"]))
+
+    doctree = _parse_annotation("List[None]", app.env)
+    assert_node(doctree, ([pending_xref, "List"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "["],
+                          [pending_xref, "None"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "]"]))
+
+    # None type makes an object-reference (not a class reference)
+    doctree = _parse_annotation("None", app.env)
+    assert_node(doctree, ([pending_xref, "None"],))
+    assert_node(doctree[0], pending_xref, refdomain="py", reftype="obj", reftarget="None")
+
+    # Literal type makes an object-reference (not a class reference)
+    doctree = _parse_annotation("typing.Literal['a', 'b']", app.env)
+    assert_node(doctree, ([pending_xref, "Literal"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "["],
+                          [desc_sig_literal_string, "'a'"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, ","],
+                          desc_sig_space,
+                          [desc_sig_literal_string, "'b'"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "]"]))
+    assert_node(doctree[0], pending_xref, refdomain="py", reftype="obj", reftarget="typing.Literal")
+
+
+def test_parse_annotation_suppress(app):
+    doctree = _parse_annotation("~typing.Dict[str, str]", app.env)
+    assert_node(doctree, ([pending_xref, "Dict"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "["],
+                          [pending_xref, "str"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, ","],
+                          desc_sig_space,
+                          [pending_xref, "str"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "]"]))
+    assert_node(doctree[0], pending_xref, refdomain="py", reftype="obj", reftarget="typing.Dict")
+
+
+def test_parse_annotation_Literal(app):
+    doctree = _parse_annotation("Literal[True, False]", app.env)
+    assert_node(doctree, ([pending_xref, "Literal"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "["],
+                          [desc_sig_keyword, "True"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, ","],
+                          desc_sig_space,
+                          [desc_sig_keyword, "False"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "]"]))
+
+    doctree = _parse_annotation("typing.Literal[0, 1, 'abc']", app.env)
+    assert_node(doctree, ([pending_xref, "Literal"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "["],
+                          [desc_sig_literal_number, "0"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, ","],
+                          desc_sig_space,
+                          [desc_sig_literal_number, "1"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, ","],
+                          desc_sig_space,
+                          [desc_sig_literal_string, "'abc'"],
+                          [desc_sig_punctuation, "]"]))
+
+
+def test_pyfunction_signature(app):
+    text = ".. py:function:: hello(name: str) -> str"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, "hello"],
+                                                    desc_parameterlist,
+                                                    [desc_returns, pending_xref, "str"])],
+                                  desc_content)]))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="function",
+                domain="py", objtype="function", no_index=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1],
+                [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "name"],
+                                                      [desc_sig_punctuation, ":"],
+                                                      desc_sig_space,
+                                                      [nodes.inline, pending_xref, "str"])])
+
+
+def test_pyfunction_signature_full(app):
+    text = (".. py:function:: hello(a: str, b = 1, *args: str, "
+            "c: bool = True, d: tuple = (1, 2), **kwargs: str) -> str")
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, "hello"],
+                                                    desc_parameterlist,
+                                                    [desc_returns, pending_xref, "str"])],
+                                  desc_content)]))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="function",
+                domain="py", objtype="function", no_index=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1],
+                [desc_parameterlist, ([desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "a"],
+                                                        [desc_sig_punctuation, ":"],
+                                                        desc_sig_space,
+                                                        [desc_sig_name, pending_xref, "str"])],
+                                      [desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "b"],
+                                                        [desc_sig_operator, "="],
+                                                        [nodes.inline, "1"])],
+                                      [desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_operator, "*"],
+                                                        [desc_sig_name, "args"],
+                                                        [desc_sig_punctuation, ":"],
+                                                        desc_sig_space,
+                                                        [desc_sig_name, pending_xref, "str"])],
+                                      [desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "c"],
+                                                        [desc_sig_punctuation, ":"],
+                                                        desc_sig_space,
+                                                        [desc_sig_name, pending_xref, "bool"],
+                                                        desc_sig_space,
+                                                        [desc_sig_operator, "="],
+                                                        desc_sig_space,
+                                                        [nodes.inline, "True"])],
+                                      [desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "d"],
+                                                        [desc_sig_punctuation, ":"],
+                                                        desc_sig_space,
+                                                        [desc_sig_name, pending_xref, "tuple"],
+                                                        desc_sig_space,
+                                                        [desc_sig_operator, "="],
+                                                        desc_sig_space,
+                                                        [nodes.inline, "(1, 2)"])],
+                                      [desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_operator, "**"],
+                                                        [desc_sig_name, "kwargs"],
+                                                        [desc_sig_punctuation, ":"],
+                                                        desc_sig_space,
+                                                        [desc_sig_name, pending_xref, "str"])])])
+    # case: separator at head
+    text = ".. py:function:: hello(*, a)"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1],
+                [desc_parameterlist, ([desc_parameter, nodes.inline, "*"],
+                                      [desc_parameter, desc_sig_name, "a"])])
+
+    # case: separator in the middle
+    text = ".. py:function:: hello(a, /, b, *, c)"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1],
+                [desc_parameterlist, ([desc_parameter, desc_sig_name, "a"],
+                                      [desc_parameter, desc_sig_operator, "/"],
+                                      [desc_parameter, desc_sig_name, "b"],
+                                      [desc_parameter, desc_sig_operator, "*"],
+                                      [desc_parameter, desc_sig_name, "c"])])
+
+    # case: separator in the middle (2)
+    text = ".. py:function:: hello(a, /, *, b)"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1],
+                [desc_parameterlist, ([desc_parameter, desc_sig_name, "a"],
+                                      [desc_parameter, desc_sig_operator, "/"],
+                                      [desc_parameter, desc_sig_operator, "*"],
+                                      [desc_parameter, desc_sig_name, "b"])])
+
+    # case: separator at tail
+    text = ".. py:function:: hello(a, /)"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1],
+                [desc_parameterlist, ([desc_parameter, desc_sig_name, "a"],
+                                      [desc_parameter, desc_sig_operator, "/"])])
+
+
+def test_pyfunction_with_unary_operators(app):
+    text = ".. py:function:: menu(egg=+1, bacon=-1, sausage=~1, spam=not spam)"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1],
+                [desc_parameterlist, ([desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "egg"],
+                                                        [desc_sig_operator, "="],
+                                                        [nodes.inline, "+1"])],
+                                      [desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "bacon"],
+                                                        [desc_sig_operator, "="],
+                                                        [nodes.inline, "-1"])],
+                                      [desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "sausage"],
+                                                        [desc_sig_operator, "="],
+                                                        [nodes.inline, "~1"])],
+                                      [desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "spam"],
+                                                        [desc_sig_operator, "="],
+                                                        [nodes.inline, "not spam"])])])
+
+
+def test_pyfunction_with_binary_operators(app):
+    text = ".. py:function:: menu(spam=2**64)"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1],
+                [desc_parameterlist, ([desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "spam"],
+                                                        [desc_sig_operator, "="],
+                                                        [nodes.inline, "2**64"])])])
+
+
+def test_pyfunction_with_number_literals(app):
+    text = ".. py:function:: hello(age=0x10, height=1_6_0)"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1],
+                [desc_parameterlist, ([desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "age"],
+                                                        [desc_sig_operator, "="],
+                                                        [nodes.inline, "0x10"])],
+                                      [desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "height"],
+                                                        [desc_sig_operator, "="],
+                                                        [nodes.inline, "1_6_0"])])])
+
+
+def test_pyfunction_with_union_type_operator(app):
+    text = ".. py:function:: hello(age: int | None)"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1],
+                [desc_parameterlist, ([desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "age"],
+                                                        [desc_sig_punctuation, ":"],
+                                                        desc_sig_space,
+                                                        [desc_sig_name, ([pending_xref, "int"],
+                                                                         desc_sig_space,
+                                                                         [desc_sig_punctuation, "|"],
+                                                                         desc_sig_space,
+                                                                         [pending_xref, "None"])])])])
+
+
+def test_optional_pyfunction_signature(app):
+    text = ".. py:function:: compile(source [, filename [, symbol]]) -> ast object"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, "compile"],
+                                                    desc_parameterlist,
+                                                    [desc_returns, pending_xref, "ast object"])],
+                                  desc_content)]))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="function",
+                domain="py", objtype="function", no_index=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1],
+                ([desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "source"])],
+                 [desc_optional, ([desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "filename"])],
+                                  [desc_optional, desc_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, "symbol"])])]))
+
+
+def test_pyexception_signature(app):
+    text = ".. py:exception:: builtins.IOError"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ('exception', desc_sig_space)],
+                                                    [desc_addname, "builtins."],
+                                                    [desc_name, "IOError"])],
+                                  desc_content)]))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], desc, desctype="exception",
+                domain="py", objtype="exception", no_index=False)
+
+
+def test_pydata_signature(app):
+    text = (".. py:data:: version\n"
+            "   :type: int\n"
+            "   :value: 1\n")
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, "version"],
+                                                    [desc_annotation, ([desc_sig_punctuation, ':'],
+                                                                       desc_sig_space,
+                                                                       [pending_xref, "int"])],
+                                                    [desc_annotation, (
+                                                        desc_sig_space,
+                                                        [desc_sig_punctuation, '='],
+                                                        desc_sig_space,
+                                                        "1")],
+                                                    )],
+                                  desc_content)]))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="data",
+                domain="py", objtype="data", no_index=False)
+
+
+def test_pydata_signature_old(app):
+    text = (".. py:data:: version\n"
+            "   :annotation: = 1\n")
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, "version"],
+                                                    [desc_annotation, (desc_sig_space,
+                                                                       "= 1")])],
+                                  desc_content)]))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="data",
+                domain="py", objtype="data", no_index=False)
+
+
+def test_pydata_with_union_type_operator(app):
+    text = (".. py:data:: version\n"
+            "   :type: int | str")
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0],
+                ([desc_name, "version"],
+                 [desc_annotation, ([desc_sig_punctuation, ':'],
+                                    desc_sig_space,
+                                    [pending_xref, "int"],
+                                    desc_sig_space,
+                                    [desc_sig_punctuation, "|"],
+                                    desc_sig_space,
+                                    [pending_xref, "str"])]))
+
+
+def test_pyobject_prefix(app):
+    text = (".. py:class:: Foo\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   .. py:method:: Foo.say\n"
+            "   .. py:method:: FooBar.say")
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ('class', desc_sig_space)],
+                                                    [desc_name, "Foo"])],
+                                  [desc_content, (addnodes.index,
+                                                  desc,
+                                                  addnodes.index,
+                                                  desc)])]))
+    assert doctree[1][1][1].astext().strip() == 'say()'           # prefix is stripped
+    assert doctree[1][1][3].astext().strip() == 'FooBar.say()'    # not stripped
+
+
+def test_pydata(app):
+    text = (".. py:module:: example\n"
+            ".. py:data:: var\n"
+            "   :type: int\n")
+    domain = app.env.get_domain('py')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          addnodes.index,
+                          nodes.target,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_addname, "example."],
+                                                    [desc_name, "var"],
+                                                    [desc_annotation, ([desc_sig_punctuation, ':'],
+                                                                       desc_sig_space,
+                                                                       [pending_xref, "int"])])],
+                                  [desc_content, ()])]))
+    assert_node(doctree[3][0][2][2], pending_xref, **{"py:module": "example"})
+    assert 'example.var' in domain.objects
+    assert domain.objects['example.var'] == ('index', 'example.var', 'data', False)
+
+
+def test_pyfunction(app):
+    text = (".. py:function:: func1\n"
+            ".. py:module:: example\n"
+            ".. py:function:: func2\n"
+            "   :async:\n")
+    domain = app.env.get_domain('py')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, "func1"],
+                                                    [desc_parameterlist, ()])],
+                                  [desc_content, ()])],
+                          addnodes.index,
+                          addnodes.index,
+                          nodes.target,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ([desc_sig_keyword, 'async'],
+                                                                       desc_sig_space)],
+                                                    [desc_addname, "example."],
+                                                    [desc_name, "func2"],
+                                                    [desc_parameterlist, ()])],
+                                  [desc_content, ()])]))
+    assert_node(doctree[0], addnodes.index,
+                entries=[('pair', 'built-in function; func1()', 'func1', '', None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[2], addnodes.index,
+                entries=[('pair', 'module; example', 'module-example', '', None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[3], addnodes.index,
+                entries=[('single', 'func2() (in module example)', 'example.func2', '', None)])
+
+    assert 'func1' in domain.objects
+    assert domain.objects['func1'] == ('index', 'func1', 'function', False)
+    assert 'example.func2' in domain.objects
+    assert domain.objects['example.func2'] == ('index', 'example.func2', 'function', False)
+
+
+def test_pyclass_options(app):
+    text = (".. py:class:: Class1\n"
+            ".. py:class:: Class2\n"
+            "   :final:\n")
+    domain = app.env.get_domain('py')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("class", desc_sig_space)],
+                                                    [desc_name, "Class1"])],
+                                  [desc_content, ()])],
+                          addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("final",
+                                                                       desc_sig_space,
+                                                                       "class",
+                                                                       desc_sig_space)],
+                                                    [desc_name, "Class2"])],
+                                  [desc_content, ()])]))
+
+    # class
+    assert_node(doctree[0], addnodes.index,
+                entries=[('single', 'Class1 (built-in class)', 'Class1', '', None)])
+    assert 'Class1' in domain.objects
+    assert domain.objects['Class1'] == ('index', 'Class1', 'class', False)
+
+    # :final:
+    assert_node(doctree[2], addnodes.index,
+                entries=[('single', 'Class2 (built-in class)', 'Class2', '', None)])
+    assert 'Class2' in domain.objects
+    assert domain.objects['Class2'] == ('index', 'Class2', 'class', False)
+
+
+def test_pymethod_options(app):
+    text = (".. py:class:: Class\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   .. py:method:: meth1\n"
+            "   .. py:method:: meth2\n"
+            "      :classmethod:\n"
+            "   .. py:method:: meth3\n"
+            "      :staticmethod:\n"
+            "   .. py:method:: meth4\n"
+            "      :async:\n"
+            "   .. py:method:: meth5\n"
+            "      :abstractmethod:\n"
+            "   .. py:method:: meth6\n"
+            "      :final:\n")
+    domain = app.env.get_domain('py')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("class", desc_sig_space)],
+                                                    [desc_name, "Class"])],
+                                  [desc_content, (addnodes.index,
+                                                  desc,
+                                                  addnodes.index,
+                                                  desc,
+                                                  addnodes.index,
+                                                  desc,
+                                                  addnodes.index,
+                                                  desc,
+                                                  addnodes.index,
+                                                  desc,
+                                                  addnodes.index,
+                                                  desc)])]))
+
+    # method
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][0], addnodes.index,
+                entries=[('single', 'meth1() (Class method)', 'Class.meth1', '', None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][1], ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, "meth1"],
+                                                     [desc_parameterlist, ()])],
+                                   [desc_content, ()]))
+    assert 'Class.meth1' in domain.objects
+    assert domain.objects['Class.meth1'] == ('index', 'Class.meth1', 'method', False)
+
+    # :classmethod:
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][2], addnodes.index,
+                entries=[('single', 'meth2() (Class class method)', 'Class.meth2', '', None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][3], ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("classmethod", desc_sig_space)],
+                                                     [desc_name, "meth2"],
+                                                     [desc_parameterlist, ()])],
+                                   [desc_content, ()]))
+    assert 'Class.meth2' in domain.objects
+    assert domain.objects['Class.meth2'] == ('index', 'Class.meth2', 'method', False)
+
+    # :staticmethod:
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][4], addnodes.index,
+                entries=[('single', 'meth3() (Class static method)', 'Class.meth3', '', None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][5], ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("static", desc_sig_space)],
+                                                     [desc_name, "meth3"],
+                                                     [desc_parameterlist, ()])],
+                                   [desc_content, ()]))
+    assert 'Class.meth3' in domain.objects
+    assert domain.objects['Class.meth3'] == ('index', 'Class.meth3', 'method', False)
+
+    # :async:
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][6], addnodes.index,
+                entries=[('single', 'meth4() (Class method)', 'Class.meth4', '', None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][7], ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("async", desc_sig_space)],
+                                                     [desc_name, "meth4"],
+                                                     [desc_parameterlist, ()])],
+                                   [desc_content, ()]))
+    assert 'Class.meth4' in domain.objects
+    assert domain.objects['Class.meth4'] == ('index', 'Class.meth4', 'method', False)
+
+    # :abstractmethod:
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][8], addnodes.index,
+                entries=[('single', 'meth5() (Class method)', 'Class.meth5', '', None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][9], ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("abstract", desc_sig_space)],
+                                                     [desc_name, "meth5"],
+                                                     [desc_parameterlist, ()])],
+                                   [desc_content, ()]))
+    assert 'Class.meth5' in domain.objects
+    assert domain.objects['Class.meth5'] == ('index', 'Class.meth5', 'method', False)
+
+    # :final:
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][10], addnodes.index,
+                entries=[('single', 'meth6() (Class method)', 'Class.meth6', '', None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][11], ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("final", desc_sig_space)],
+                                                      [desc_name, "meth6"],
+                                                      [desc_parameterlist, ()])],
+                                    [desc_content, ()]))
+    assert 'Class.meth6' in domain.objects
+    assert domain.objects['Class.meth6'] == ('index', 'Class.meth6', 'method', False)
+
+
+def test_pyclassmethod(app):
+    text = (".. py:class:: Class\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   .. py:classmethod:: meth\n")
+    domain = app.env.get_domain('py')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("class", desc_sig_space)],
+                                                    [desc_name, "Class"])],
+                                  [desc_content, (addnodes.index,
+                                                  desc)])]))
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][0], addnodes.index,
+                entries=[('single', 'meth() (Class class method)', 'Class.meth', '', None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][1], ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("classmethod", desc_sig_space)],
+                                                     [desc_name, "meth"],
+                                                     [desc_parameterlist, ()])],
+                                   [desc_content, ()]))
+    assert 'Class.meth' in domain.objects
+    assert domain.objects['Class.meth'] == ('index', 'Class.meth', 'method', False)
+
+
+def test_pystaticmethod(app):
+    text = (".. py:class:: Class\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   .. py:staticmethod:: meth\n")
+    domain = app.env.get_domain('py')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("class", desc_sig_space)],
+                                                    [desc_name, "Class"])],
+                                  [desc_content, (addnodes.index,
+                                                  desc)])]))
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][0], addnodes.index,
+                entries=[('single', 'meth() (Class static method)', 'Class.meth', '', None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][1], ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("static", desc_sig_space)],
+                                                     [desc_name, "meth"],
+                                                     [desc_parameterlist, ()])],
+                                   [desc_content, ()]))
+    assert 'Class.meth' in domain.objects
+    assert domain.objects['Class.meth'] == ('index', 'Class.meth', 'method', False)
+
+
+def test_pyattribute(app):
+    text = (".. py:class:: Class\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   .. py:attribute:: attr\n"
+            "      :type: Optional[str]\n"
+            "      :value: ''\n")
+    domain = app.env.get_domain('py')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("class", desc_sig_space)],
+                                                    [desc_name, "Class"])],
+                                  [desc_content, (addnodes.index,
+                                                  desc)])]))
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][0], addnodes.index,
+                entries=[('single', 'attr (Class attribute)', 'Class.attr', '', None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][1], ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, "attr"],
+                                                     [desc_annotation, ([desc_sig_punctuation, ':'],
+                                                                        desc_sig_space,
+                                                                        [pending_xref, "str"],
+                                                                        desc_sig_space,
+                                                                        [desc_sig_punctuation, "|"],
+                                                                        desc_sig_space,
+                                                                        [pending_xref, "None"])],
+                                                     [desc_annotation, (desc_sig_space,
+                                                                        [desc_sig_punctuation, '='],
+                                                                        desc_sig_space,
+                                                                        "''")],
+                                                     )],
+                                   [desc_content, ()]))
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][1][0][1][2], pending_xref, **{"py:class": "Class"})
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][1][0][1][6], pending_xref, **{"py:class": "Class"})
+    assert 'Class.attr' in domain.objects
+    assert domain.objects['Class.attr'] == ('index', 'Class.attr', 'attribute', False)
+
+
+def test_pyproperty(app):
+    text = (".. py:class:: Class\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   .. py:property:: prop1\n"
+            "      :abstractmethod:\n"
+            "      :type: str\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   .. py:property:: prop2\n"
+            "      :classmethod:\n"
+            "      :type: str\n")
+    domain = app.env.get_domain('py')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("class", desc_sig_space)],
+                                                    [desc_name, "Class"])],
+                                  [desc_content, (addnodes.index,
+                                                  desc,
+                                                  addnodes.index,
+                                                  desc)])]))
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][0], addnodes.index,
+                entries=[('single', 'prop1 (Class property)', 'Class.prop1', '', None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][1], ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("abstract", desc_sig_space,
+                                                                        "property", desc_sig_space)],
+                                                     [desc_name, "prop1"],
+                                                     [desc_annotation, ([desc_sig_punctuation, ':'],
+                                                                        desc_sig_space,
+                                                                        [pending_xref, "str"])])],
+                                   [desc_content, ()]))
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][2], addnodes.index,
+                entries=[('single', 'prop2 (Class property)', 'Class.prop2', '', None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][3], ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("class", desc_sig_space,
+                                                                        "property", desc_sig_space)],
+                                                     [desc_name, "prop2"],
+                                                     [desc_annotation, ([desc_sig_punctuation, ':'],
+                                                                        desc_sig_space,
+                                                                        [pending_xref, "str"])])],
+                                   [desc_content, ()]))
+    assert 'Class.prop1' in domain.objects
+    assert domain.objects['Class.prop1'] == ('index', 'Class.prop1', 'property', False)
+    assert 'Class.prop2' in domain.objects
+    assert domain.objects['Class.prop2'] == ('index', 'Class.prop2', 'property', False)
+
+
+def test_pydecorator_signature(app):
+    text = ".. py:decorator:: deco"
+    domain = app.env.get_domain('py')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_addname, "@"],
+                                                    [desc_name, "deco"])],
+                                  desc_content)]))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="function",
+                domain="py", objtype="function", no_index=False)
+
+    assert 'deco' in domain.objects
+    assert domain.objects['deco'] == ('index', 'deco', 'function', False)
+
+
+def test_pydecoratormethod_signature(app):
+    text = ".. py:decoratormethod:: deco"
+    domain = app.env.get_domain('py')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_addname, "@"],
+                                                    [desc_name, "deco"])],
+                                  desc_content)]))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="method",
+                domain="py", objtype="method", no_index=False)
+
+    assert 'deco' in domain.objects
+    assert domain.objects['deco'] == ('index', 'deco', 'method', False)
+
+
+def test_canonical(app):
+    text = (".. py:class:: io.StringIO\n"
+            "   :canonical: _io.StringIO")
+    domain = app.env.get_domain('py')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("class", desc_sig_space)],
+                                                    [desc_addname, "io."],
+                                                    [desc_name, "StringIO"])],
+                                  desc_content)]))
+    assert 'io.StringIO' in domain.objects
+    assert domain.objects['io.StringIO'] == ('index', 'io.StringIO', 'class', False)
+    assert domain.objects['_io.StringIO'] == ('index', 'io.StringIO', 'class', True)
+
+
+def test_canonical_definition_overrides(app, warning):
+    text = (".. py:class:: io.StringIO\n"
+            "   :canonical: _io.StringIO\n"
+            ".. py:class:: _io.StringIO\n")
+    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert warning.getvalue() == ""
+
+    domain = app.env.get_domain('py')
+    assert domain.objects['_io.StringIO'] == ('index', 'id0', 'class', False)
+
+
+def test_canonical_definition_skip(app, warning):
+    text = (".. py:class:: _io.StringIO\n"
+            ".. py:class:: io.StringIO\n"
+            "   :canonical: _io.StringIO\n")
+
+    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert warning.getvalue() == ""
+
+    domain = app.env.get_domain('py')
+    assert domain.objects['_io.StringIO'] == ('index', 'io.StringIO', 'class', False)
+
+
+def test_canonical_duplicated(app, warning):
+    text = (".. py:class:: mypackage.StringIO\n"
+            "   :canonical: _io.StringIO\n"
+            ".. py:class:: io.StringIO\n"
+            "   :canonical: _io.StringIO\n")
+
+    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert warning.getvalue() != ""
+
+
+def test_info_field_list(app):
+    text = (".. py:module:: example\n"
+            ".. py:class:: Class\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   :meta blah: this meta-field must not show up in the toc-tree\n"
+            "   :param str name: blah blah\n"
+            "   :meta another meta field:\n"
+            "   :param age: blah blah\n"
+            "   :type age: int\n"
+            "   :param items: blah blah\n"
+            "   :type items: Tuple[str, ...]\n"
+            "   :param Dict[str, str] params: blah blah\n")
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    print(doctree)
+
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          addnodes.index,
+                          nodes.target,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("class", desc_sig_space)],
+                                                    [desc_addname, "example."],
+                                                    [desc_name, "Class"])],
+                                  [desc_content, nodes.field_list, nodes.field])]))
+    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0],
+                ([nodes.field_name, "Parameters"],
+                 [nodes.field_body, nodes.bullet_list, ([nodes.list_item, nodes.paragraph],
+                                                        [nodes.list_item, nodes.paragraph],
+                                                        [nodes.list_item, nodes.paragraph],
+                                                        [nodes.list_item, nodes.paragraph])]))
+
+    # :param str name:
+    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1][0][0][0],
+                ([addnodes.literal_strong, "name"],
+                 " (",
+                 [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "str"],
+                 ")",
+                 " -- ",
+                 "blah blah"))
+    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1][0][0][0][2], pending_xref,
+                refdomain="py", reftype="class", reftarget="str",
+                **{"py:module": "example", "py:class": "Class"})
+
+    # :param age: + :type age:
+    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1][0][1][0],
+                ([addnodes.literal_strong, "age"],
+                 " (",
+                 [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "int"],
+                 ")",
+                 " -- ",
+                 "blah blah"))
+    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1][0][1][0][2], pending_xref,
+                refdomain="py", reftype="class", reftarget="int",
+                **{"py:module": "example", "py:class": "Class"})
+
+    # :param items: + :type items:
+    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1][0][2][0],
+                ([addnodes.literal_strong, "items"],
+                 " (",
+                 [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "Tuple"],
+                 [addnodes.literal_emphasis, "["],
+                 [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "str"],
+                 [addnodes.literal_emphasis, ", "],
+                 [addnodes.literal_emphasis, "..."],
+                 [addnodes.literal_emphasis, "]"],
+                 ")",
+                 " -- ",
+                 "blah blah"))
+    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1][0][2][0][2], pending_xref,
+                refdomain="py", reftype="class", reftarget="Tuple",
+                **{"py:module": "example", "py:class": "Class"})
+    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1][0][2][0][4], pending_xref,
+                refdomain="py", reftype="class", reftarget="str",
+                **{"py:module": "example", "py:class": "Class"})
+
+    # :param Dict[str, str] params:
+    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1][0][3][0],
+                ([addnodes.literal_strong, "params"],
+                 " (",
+                 [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "Dict"],
+                 [addnodes.literal_emphasis, "["],
+                 [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "str"],
+                 [addnodes.literal_emphasis, ", "],
+                 [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "str"],
+                 [addnodes.literal_emphasis, "]"],
+                 ")",
+                 " -- ",
+                 "blah blah"))
+    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1][0][3][0][2], pending_xref,
+                refdomain="py", reftype="class", reftarget="Dict",
+                **{"py:module": "example", "py:class": "Class"})
+    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1][0][3][0][4], pending_xref,
+                refdomain="py", reftype="class", reftarget="str",
+                **{"py:module": "example", "py:class": "Class"})
+    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1][0][3][0][6], pending_xref,
+                refdomain="py", reftype="class", reftarget="str",
+                **{"py:module": "example", "py:class": "Class"})
+
+
+def test_info_field_list_piped_type(app):
+    text = (".. py:module:: example\n"
+            ".. py:class:: Class\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   :param age: blah blah\n"
+            "   :type age: int | str\n")
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+
+    assert_node(doctree,
+                (addnodes.index,
+                 addnodes.index,
+                 nodes.target,
+                 [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("class", desc_sig_space)],
+                                           [desc_addname, "example."],
+                                           [desc_name, "Class"])],
+                         [desc_content, nodes.field_list, nodes.field, (nodes.field_name,
+                                                                        nodes.field_body)])]))
+    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1],
+                ([nodes.paragraph, ([addnodes.literal_strong, "age"],
+                                    " (",
+                                    [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "int"],
+                                    [addnodes.literal_emphasis, " | "],
+                                    [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "str"],
+                                    ")",
+                                    " -- ",
+                                    "blah blah")],))
+    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1][0][2], pending_xref,
+                refdomain="py", reftype="class", reftarget="int",
+                **{"py:module": "example", "py:class": "Class"})
+    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1][0][4], pending_xref,
+                refdomain="py", reftype="class", reftarget="str",
+                **{"py:module": "example", "py:class": "Class"})
+
+
+def test_info_field_list_Literal(app):
+    text = (".. py:module:: example\n"
+            ".. py:class:: Class\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   :param age: blah blah\n"
+            "   :type age: Literal['foo', 'bar', 'baz']\n")
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+
+    assert_node(doctree,
+                (addnodes.index,
+                 addnodes.index,
+                 nodes.target,
+                 [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_annotation, ("class", desc_sig_space)],
+                                           [desc_addname, "example."],
+                                           [desc_name, "Class"])],
+                         [desc_content, nodes.field_list, nodes.field, (nodes.field_name,
+                                                                        nodes.field_body)])]))
+    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1],
+                ([nodes.paragraph, ([addnodes.literal_strong, "age"],
+                                    " (",
+                                    [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "Literal"],
+                                    [addnodes.literal_emphasis, "["],
+                                    [addnodes.literal_emphasis, "'foo'"],
+                                    [addnodes.literal_emphasis, ", "],
+                                    [addnodes.literal_emphasis, "'bar'"],
+                                    [addnodes.literal_emphasis, ", "],
+                                    [addnodes.literal_emphasis, "'baz'"],
+                                    [addnodes.literal_emphasis, "]"],
+                                    ")",
+                                    " -- ",
+                                    "blah blah")],))
+    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1][0][2], pending_xref,
+                refdomain="py", reftype="class", reftarget="Literal",
+                **{"py:module": "example", "py:class": "Class"})
+
+
+def test_info_field_list_var(app):
+    text = (".. py:class:: Class\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   :var int attr: blah blah\n")
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, (desc_signature,
+                                  [desc_content, nodes.field_list, nodes.field])]))
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][0][0], ([nodes.field_name, "Variables"],
+                                      [nodes.field_body, nodes.paragraph]))
+
+    # :var int attr:
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][0][0][1][0],
+                ([addnodes.literal_strong, "attr"],
+                 " (",
+                 [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "int"],
+                 ")",
+                 " -- ",
+                 "blah blah"))
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][0][0][1][0][2], pending_xref,
+                refdomain="py", reftype="class", reftarget="int", **{"py:class": "Class"})
+
+
+def test_info_field_list_napoleon_deliminator_of(app):
+    text = (".. py:module:: example\n"
+            ".. py:class:: Class\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   :param list_str_var: example description.\n"
+            "   :type list_str_var: list of str\n"
+            "   :param tuple_int_var: example description.\n"
+            "   :type tuple_int_var: tuple of tuple of int\n"
+            )
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+
+    # :param list of str list_str_var:
+    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1][0][0][0],
+                ([addnodes.literal_strong, "list_str_var"],
+                 " (",
+                 [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "list"],
+                 [addnodes.literal_emphasis, " of "],
+                 [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "str"],
+                 ")",
+                 " -- ",
+                 "example description."))
+
+    # :param tuple of tuple of int tuple_int_var:
+    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1][0][1][0],
+                ([addnodes.literal_strong, "tuple_int_var"],
+                 " (",
+                 [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "tuple"],
+                 [addnodes.literal_emphasis, " of "],
+                 [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "tuple"],
+                 [addnodes.literal_emphasis, " of "],
+                 [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "int"],
+                 ")",
+                 " -- ",
+                 "example description."))
+
+
+def test_info_field_list_napoleon_deliminator_or(app):
+    text = (".. py:module:: example\n"
+            ".. py:class:: Class\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   :param bool_str_var: example description.\n"
+            "   :type bool_str_var: bool or str\n"
+            "   :param str_float_int_var: example description.\n"
+            "   :type str_float_int_var: str or float or int\n"
+            )
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+
+    # :param bool or str bool_str_var:
+    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1][0][0][0],
+                ([addnodes.literal_strong, "bool_str_var"],
+                 " (",
+                 [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "bool"],
+                 [addnodes.literal_emphasis, " or "],
+                 [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "str"],
+                 ")",
+                 " -- ",
+                 "example description."))
+
+    # :param str or float or int str_float_int_var:
+    assert_node(doctree[3][1][0][0][1][0][1][0],
+                ([addnodes.literal_strong, "str_float_int_var"],
+                 " (",
+                 [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "str"],
+                 [addnodes.literal_emphasis, " or "],
+                 [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "float"],
+                 [addnodes.literal_emphasis, " or "],
+                 [pending_xref, addnodes.literal_emphasis, "int"],
+                 ")",
+                 " -- ",
+                 "example description."))
+
+
+def test_type_field(app):
+    text = (".. py:data:: var1\n"
+            "   :type: .int\n"
+            ".. py:data:: var2\n"
+            "   :type: ~builtins.int\n"
+            ".. py:data:: var3\n"
+            "   :type: typing.Optional[typing.Tuple[int, typing.Any]]\n")
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, "var1"],
+                                                    [desc_annotation, ([desc_sig_punctuation, ':'],
+                                                                       desc_sig_space,
+                                                                       [pending_xref, "int"])])],
+                                  [desc_content, ()])],
+                          addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, "var2"],
+                                                    [desc_annotation, ([desc_sig_punctuation, ':'],
+                                                                       desc_sig_space,
+                                                                       [pending_xref, "int"])])],
+                                  [desc_content, ()])],
+                          addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, "var3"],
+                                                    [desc_annotation, ([desc_sig_punctuation, ":"],
+                                                                       desc_sig_space,
+                                                                       [pending_xref, "Optional"],
+                                                                       [desc_sig_punctuation, "["],
+                                                                       [pending_xref, "Tuple"],
+                                                                       [desc_sig_punctuation, "["],
+                                                                       [pending_xref, "int"],
+                                                                       [desc_sig_punctuation, ","],
+                                                                       desc_sig_space,
+                                                                       [pending_xref, "Any"],
+                                                                       [desc_sig_punctuation, "]"],
+                                                                       [desc_sig_punctuation, "]"])])],
+                                  [desc_content, ()])]))
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1][2], pending_xref, reftarget='int', refspecific=True)
+    assert_node(doctree[3][0][1][2], pending_xref, reftarget='builtins.int', refspecific=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[5][0][1][2], pending_xref, reftarget='typing.Optional', refspecific=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[5][0][1][4], pending_xref, reftarget='typing.Tuple', refspecific=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[5][0][1][6], pending_xref, reftarget='int', refspecific=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[5][0][1][9], pending_xref, reftarget='typing.Any', refspecific=False)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(freshenv=True)
+def test_module_index(app):
+    text = (".. py:module:: docutils\n"
+            ".. py:module:: sphinx\n"
+            ".. py:module:: sphinx.config\n"
+            ".. py:module:: sphinx.builders\n"
+            ".. py:module:: sphinx.builders.html\n"
+            ".. py:module:: sphinx_intl\n")
+    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    index = PythonModuleIndex(app.env.get_domain('py'))
+    assert index.generate() == (
+        [('d', [IndexEntry('docutils', 0, 'index', 'module-docutils', '', '', '')]),
+         ('s', [IndexEntry('sphinx', 1, 'index', 'module-sphinx', '', '', ''),
+                IndexEntry('sphinx.builders', 2, 'index', 'module-sphinx.builders', '', '', ''),
+                IndexEntry('sphinx.builders.html', 2, 'index', 'module-sphinx.builders.html', '', '', ''),
+                IndexEntry('sphinx.config', 2, 'index', 'module-sphinx.config', '', '', ''),
+                IndexEntry('sphinx_intl', 0, 'index', 'module-sphinx_intl', '', '', '')])],
+        False,
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(freshenv=True)
+def test_module_index_submodule(app):
+    text = ".. py:module:: sphinx.config\n"
+    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    index = PythonModuleIndex(app.env.get_domain('py'))
+    assert index.generate() == (
+        [('s', [IndexEntry('sphinx', 1, '', '', '', '', ''),
+                IndexEntry('sphinx.config', 2, 'index', 'module-sphinx.config', '', '', '')])],
+        False,
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(freshenv=True)
+def test_module_index_not_collapsed(app):
+    text = (".. py:module:: docutils\n"
+            ".. py:module:: sphinx\n")
+    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    index = PythonModuleIndex(app.env.get_domain('py'))
+    assert index.generate() == (
+        [('d', [IndexEntry('docutils', 0, 'index', 'module-docutils', '', '', '')]),
+         ('s', [IndexEntry('sphinx', 0, 'index', 'module-sphinx', '', '', '')])],
+        True,
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(freshenv=True, confoverrides={'modindex_common_prefix': ['sphinx.']})
+def test_modindex_common_prefix(app):
+    text = (".. py:module:: docutils\n"
+            ".. py:module:: sphinx\n"
+            ".. py:module:: sphinx.config\n"
+            ".. py:module:: sphinx.builders\n"
+            ".. py:module:: sphinx.builders.html\n"
+            ".. py:module:: sphinx_intl\n")
+    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    index = PythonModuleIndex(app.env.get_domain('py'))
+    assert index.generate() == (
+        [('b', [IndexEntry('sphinx.builders', 1, 'index', 'module-sphinx.builders', '', '', ''),
+                IndexEntry('sphinx.builders.html', 2, 'index', 'module-sphinx.builders.html', '', '', '')]),
+         ('c', [IndexEntry('sphinx.config', 0, 'index', 'module-sphinx.config', '', '', '')]),
+         ('d', [IndexEntry('docutils', 0, 'index', 'module-docutils', '', '', '')]),
+         ('s', [IndexEntry('sphinx', 0, 'index', 'module-sphinx', '', '', ''),
+                IndexEntry('sphinx_intl', 0, 'index', 'module-sphinx_intl', '', '', '')])],
+        True,
+    )
+
+
+def test_no_index_entry(app):
+    text = (".. py:function:: f()\n"
+            ".. py:function:: g()\n"
+            "   :no-index-entry:\n")
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index, desc, addnodes.index, desc))
+    assert_node(doctree[0], addnodes.index, entries=[('pair', 'built-in function; f()', 'f', '', None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[2], addnodes.index, entries=[])
+
+    text = (".. py:class:: f\n"
+            ".. py:class:: g\n"
+            "   :no-index-entry:\n")
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index, desc, addnodes.index, desc))
+    assert_node(doctree[0], addnodes.index, entries=[('single', 'f (built-in class)', 'f', '', None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[2], addnodes.index, entries=[])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='domain-py-python_use_unqualified_type_names')
+def test_python_python_use_unqualified_type_names(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('<span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="#foo.Name" title="foo.Name">'
+            '<span class="pre">Name</span></a></span>' in content)
+    assert '<span class="n"><span class="pre">foo.Age</span></span>' in content
+    assert ('<p><strong>name</strong> (<a class="reference internal" href="#foo.Name" '
+            'title="foo.Name"><em>Name</em></a>) – blah blah</p>' in content)
+    assert '<p><strong>age</strong> (<em>foo.Age</em>) – blah blah</p>' in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='domain-py-python_use_unqualified_type_names',
+                    confoverrides={'python_use_unqualified_type_names': False})
+def test_python_python_use_unqualified_type_names_disabled(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('<span class="n"><a class="reference internal" href="#foo.Name" title="foo.Name">'
+            '<span class="pre">foo.Name</span></a></span>' in content)
+    assert '<span class="n"><span class="pre">foo.Age</span></span>' in content
+    assert ('<p><strong>name</strong> (<a class="reference internal" href="#foo.Name" '
+            'title="foo.Name"><em>foo.Name</em></a>) – blah blah</p>' in content)
+    assert '<p><strong>age</strong> (<em>foo.Age</em>) – blah blah</p>' in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='domain-py-xref-warning')
+def test_warn_missing_reference(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    assert "index.rst:6: WARNING: undefined label: 'no-label'" in warning.getvalue()
+    assert ("index.rst:6: WARNING: Failed to create a cross reference. "
+            "A title or caption not found: 'existing-label'") in warning.getvalue()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(confoverrides={'nitpicky': True})
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('include_options', [True, False])
+def test_signature_line_number(app, include_options):
+    text = (".. py:function:: foo(bar : string)\n" +
+            ("   :no-index-entry:\n" if include_options else ""))
+    doc = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    xrefs = list(doc.findall(condition=addnodes.pending_xref))
+    assert len(xrefs) == 1
+    source, line = docutils.utils.get_source_line(xrefs[0])
+    assert 'index.rst' in source
+    assert line == 1
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
+    'python_maximum_signature_line_length': len("hello(name: str) -> str"),
+})
+def test_pyfunction_signature_with_python_maximum_signature_line_length_equal(app):
+    text = ".. py:function:: hello(name: str) -> str"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_name, "hello"],
+                desc_parameterlist,
+                [desc_returns, pending_xref, "str"],
+            )],
+            desc_content,
+        )],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="function",
+                domain="py", objtype="function", no_index=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
+        [desc_sig_name, "name"],
+        [desc_sig_punctuation, ":"],
+        desc_sig_space,
+        [nodes.inline, pending_xref, "str"],
+    )])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
+    'python_maximum_signature_line_length': len("hello(name: str) -> str"),
+})
+def test_pyfunction_signature_with_python_maximum_signature_line_length_force_single(app):
+    text = (".. py:function:: hello(names: str) -> str\n"
+            "   :single-line-parameter-list:")
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_name, "hello"],
+                desc_parameterlist,
+                [desc_returns, pending_xref, "str"],
+            )],
+            desc_content,
+        )],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="function",
+                domain="py", objtype="function", no_index=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
+        [desc_sig_name, "names"],
+        [desc_sig_punctuation, ":"],
+        desc_sig_space,
+        [nodes.inline, pending_xref, "str"],
+    )])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
+    'python_maximum_signature_line_length': len("hello(name: str) -> str"),
+})
+def test_pyfunction_signature_with_python_maximum_signature_line_length_break(app):
+    text = ".. py:function:: hello(names: str) -> str"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_name, "hello"],
+                desc_parameterlist,
+                [desc_returns, pending_xref, "str"],
+            )],
+            desc_content,
+        )],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="function",
+                domain="py", objtype="function", no_index=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
+        [desc_sig_name, "names"],
+        [desc_sig_punctuation, ":"],
+        desc_sig_space,
+        [nodes.inline, pending_xref, "str"],
+    )])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=True)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
+    'maximum_signature_line_length': len("hello(name: str) -> str"),
+})
+def test_pyfunction_signature_with_maximum_signature_line_length_equal(app):
+    text = ".. py:function:: hello(name: str) -> str"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_name, "hello"],
+                desc_parameterlist,
+                [desc_returns, pending_xref, "str"],
+            )],
+            desc_content,
+        )],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="function",
+                domain="py", objtype="function", no_index=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
+        [desc_sig_name, "name"],
+        [desc_sig_punctuation, ":"],
+        desc_sig_space,
+        [nodes.inline, pending_xref, "str"],
+    )])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
+    'maximum_signature_line_length': len("hello(name: str) -> str"),
+})
+def test_pyfunction_signature_with_maximum_signature_line_length_force_single(app):
+    text = (".. py:function:: hello(names: str) -> str\n"
+            "   :single-line-parameter-list:")
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_name, "hello"],
+                desc_parameterlist,
+                [desc_returns, pending_xref, "str"],
+            )],
+            desc_content,
+        )],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="function",
+                domain="py", objtype="function", no_index=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
+        [desc_sig_name, "names"],
+        [desc_sig_punctuation, ":"],
+        desc_sig_space,
+        [nodes.inline, pending_xref, "str"],
+    )])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', confoverrides={
+    'maximum_signature_line_length': len("hello(name: str) -> str"),
+})
+def test_pyfunction_signature_with_maximum_signature_line_length_break(app):
+    text = ".. py:function:: hello(names: str) -> str"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_name, "hello"],
+                desc_parameterlist,
+                [desc_returns, pending_xref, "str"],
+            )],
+            desc_content,
+        )],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="function",
+                domain="py", objtype="function", no_index=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (
+        [desc_sig_name, "names"],
+        [desc_sig_punctuation, ":"],
+        desc_sig_space,
+        [nodes.inline, pending_xref, "str"],
+    )])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=True)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'html',
+    confoverrides={
+        'python_maximum_signature_line_length': len("hello(name: str) -> str"),
+        'maximum_signature_line_length': 1,
+    },
+)
+def test_python_maximum_signature_line_length_overrides_global(app):
+    text = ".. py:function:: hello(name: str) -> str"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    expected_doctree = (addnodes.index,
+                        [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, "hello"],
+                                                  desc_parameterlist,
+                                                  [desc_returns, pending_xref, "str"])],
+                                desc_content)])
+    assert_node(doctree, expected_doctree)
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="function",
+                domain="py", objtype="function", no_index=False)
+    signame_node = [desc_sig_name, "name"]
+    expected_sig = [desc_parameterlist, desc_parameter, (signame_node,
+                                                         [desc_sig_punctuation, ":"],
+                                                         desc_sig_space,
+                                                         [nodes.inline, pending_xref, "str"])]
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], expected_sig)
+    assert_node(doctree[1][0][1], desc_parameterlist, multi_line_parameter_list=False)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'html', testroot='domain-py-python_maximum_signature_line_length',
+)
+def test_domain_py_python_maximum_signature_line_length_in_html(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    expected_parameter_list_hello = """\
+
+<dl>
+<dd>\
+<em class="sig-param">\
+<span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span>\
+<span class="p"><span class="pre">:</span></span>\
+<span class="w"> </span>\
+<span class="n"><span class="pre">str</span></span>\
+</em>,\
+</dd>
+</dl>
+
+<span class="sig-paren">)</span> \
+<span class="sig-return">\
+<span class="sig-return-icon">&#x2192;</span> \
+<span class="sig-return-typehint"><span class="pre">str</span></span>\
+</span>\
+<a class="headerlink" href="#hello" title="Link to this definition">¶</a>\
+</dt>\
+"""
+    assert expected_parameter_list_hello in content
+
+    param_line_fmt = '<dd>{}</dd>\n'
+    param_name_fmt = (
+        '<em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">{}</span></span></em>'
+    )
+    optional_fmt = '<span class="optional">{}</span>'
+
+    expected_a = param_line_fmt.format(
+        optional_fmt.format("[") + param_name_fmt.format("a") + "," + optional_fmt.format("["),
+    )
+    assert expected_a in content
+
+    expected_b = param_line_fmt.format(
+        param_name_fmt.format("b") + "," + optional_fmt.format("]") + optional_fmt.format("]"),
+    )
+    assert expected_b in content
+
+    expected_c = param_line_fmt.format(param_name_fmt.format("c") + ",")
+    assert expected_c in content
+
+    expected_d = param_line_fmt.format(param_name_fmt.format("d") + optional_fmt.format("[") + ",")
+    assert expected_d in content
+
+    expected_e = param_line_fmt.format(param_name_fmt.format("e") + ",")
+    assert expected_e in content
+
+    expected_f = param_line_fmt.format(param_name_fmt.format("f") + "," + optional_fmt.format("]"))
+    assert expected_f in content
+
+    expected_parameter_list_foo = """\
+
+<dl>
+{}{}{}{}{}{}</dl>
+
+<span class="sig-paren">)</span>\
+<a class="headerlink" href="#foo" title="Link to this definition">¶</a>\
+</dt>\
+""".format(expected_a, expected_b, expected_c, expected_d, expected_e, expected_f)
+    assert expected_parameter_list_foo in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'text', testroot='domain-py-python_maximum_signature_line_length',
+)
+def test_domain_py_python_maximum_signature_line_length_in_text(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    param_line_fmt = STDINDENT * " " + "{}\n"
+
+    expected_parameter_list_hello = "(\n{}) -> str".format(param_line_fmt.format("name: str,"))
+
+    assert expected_parameter_list_hello in content
+
+    expected_a = param_line_fmt.format("[a,[")
+    assert expected_a in content
+
+    expected_b = param_line_fmt.format("b,]]")
+    assert expected_b in content
+
+    expected_c = param_line_fmt.format("c,")
+    assert expected_c in content
+
+    expected_d = param_line_fmt.format("d[,")
+    assert expected_d in content
+
+    expected_e = param_line_fmt.format("e,")
+    assert expected_e in content
+
+    expected_f = param_line_fmt.format("f,]")
+    assert expected_f in content
+
+    expected_parameter_list_foo = "(\n{}{}{}{}{}{})".format(
+        expected_a, expected_b, expected_c, expected_d, expected_e, expected_f,
+    )
+    assert expected_parameter_list_foo in content
+
+
+def test_module_content_line_number(app):
+    text = (".. py:module:: foo\n" +
+            "\n" +
+            "   Some link here: :ref:`abc`\n")
+    doc = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    xrefs = list(doc.findall(condition=addnodes.pending_xref))
+    assert len(xrefs) == 1
+    source, line = docutils.utils.get_source_line(xrefs[0])
+    assert 'index.rst' in source
+    assert line == 3
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(freshenv=True, confoverrides={'python_display_short_literal_types': True})
+def test_short_literal_types(app):
+    text = """\
+.. py:function:: literal_ints(x: Literal[1, 2, 3] = 1) -> None
+.. py:function:: literal_union(x: Union[Literal["a"], Literal["b"], Literal["c"]]) -> None
+"""
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_name, 'literal_ints'],
+                [desc_parameterlist, (
+                    [desc_parameter, (
+                        [desc_sig_name, 'x'],
+                        [desc_sig_punctuation, ':'],
+                        desc_sig_space,
+                        [desc_sig_name, (
+                            [desc_sig_literal_number, '1'],
+                            desc_sig_space,
+                            [desc_sig_punctuation, '|'],
+                            desc_sig_space,
+                            [desc_sig_literal_number, '2'],
+                            desc_sig_space,
+                            [desc_sig_punctuation, '|'],
+                            desc_sig_space,
+                            [desc_sig_literal_number, '3'],
+                        )],
+                        desc_sig_space,
+                        [desc_sig_operator, '='],
+                        desc_sig_space,
+                        [nodes.inline, '1'],
+                    )],
+                )],
+                [desc_returns, pending_xref, 'None'],
+            )],
+            [desc_content, ()],
+        )],
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_name, 'literal_union'],
+                [desc_parameterlist, (
+                    [desc_parameter, (
+                        [desc_sig_name, 'x'],
+                        [desc_sig_punctuation, ':'],
+                        desc_sig_space,
+                        [desc_sig_name, (
+                            [desc_sig_literal_string, "'a'"],
+                            desc_sig_space,
+                            [desc_sig_punctuation, '|'],
+                            desc_sig_space,
+                            [desc_sig_literal_string, "'b'"],
+                            desc_sig_space,
+                            [desc_sig_punctuation, '|'],
+                            desc_sig_space,
+                            [desc_sig_literal_string, "'c'"],
+                        )],
+                    )],
+                )],
+                [desc_returns, pending_xref, 'None'],
+            )],
+            [desc_content, ()],
+        )],
+    ))
+
+
+def test_function_pep_695(app):
+    text = """.. py:function:: func[\
+        S,\
+        T: int,\
+        U: (int, str),\
+        R: int | int,\
+        A: int | Annotated[int, ctype("char")],\
+        *V,\
+        **P\
+    ]
+    """
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_name, 'func'],
+                [desc_type_parameter_list, (
+                    [desc_type_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, 'S'])],
+                    [desc_type_parameter, (
+                        [desc_sig_name, 'T'],
+                        [desc_sig_punctuation, ':'],
+                        desc_sig_space,
+                        [desc_sig_name, ([pending_xref, 'int'])],
+                    )],
+                    [desc_type_parameter, (
+                        [desc_sig_name, 'U'],
+                        [desc_sig_punctuation, ':'],
+                        desc_sig_space,
+                        [desc_sig_punctuation, '('],
+                        [desc_sig_name, (
+                            [pending_xref, 'int'],
+                            [desc_sig_punctuation, ','],
+                            desc_sig_space,
+                            [pending_xref, 'str'],
+                        )],
+                        [desc_sig_punctuation, ')'],
+                    )],
+                    [desc_type_parameter, (
+                        [desc_sig_name, 'R'],
+                        [desc_sig_punctuation, ':'],
+                        desc_sig_space,
+                        [desc_sig_name, (
+                            [pending_xref, 'int'],
+                            desc_sig_space,
+                            [desc_sig_punctuation, '|'],
+                            desc_sig_space,
+                            [pending_xref, 'int'],
+                        )],
+                    )],
+                    [desc_type_parameter, (
+                        [desc_sig_name, 'A'],
+                        [desc_sig_punctuation, ':'],
+                        desc_sig_space,
+                        [desc_sig_name, ([pending_xref, 'int | Annotated[int, ctype("char")]'])],
+                    )],
+                    [desc_type_parameter, (
+                        [desc_sig_operator, '*'],
+                        [desc_sig_name, 'V'],
+                    )],
+                    [desc_type_parameter, (
+                        [desc_sig_operator, '**'],
+                        [desc_sig_name, 'P'],
+                    )],
+                )],
+                [desc_parameterlist, ()],
+            )],
+            [desc_content, ()],
+        )],
+    ))
+
+
+def test_class_def_pep_695(app):
+    # Non-concrete unbound generics are allowed at runtime but type checkers
+    # should fail (https://peps.python.org/pep-0695/#type-parameter-scopes)
+    text = """.. py:class:: Class[S: Sequence[T], T, KT, VT](Dict[KT, VT])"""
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_annotation, ('class', desc_sig_space)],
+                [desc_name, 'Class'],
+                [desc_type_parameter_list, (
+                    [desc_type_parameter, (
+                        [desc_sig_name, 'S'],
+                        [desc_sig_punctuation, ':'],
+                        desc_sig_space,
+                        [desc_sig_name, (
+                            [pending_xref, 'Sequence'],
+                            [desc_sig_punctuation, '['],
+                            [pending_xref, 'T'],
+                            [desc_sig_punctuation, ']'],
+                        )],
+                    )],
+                    [desc_type_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, 'T'])],
+                    [desc_type_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, 'KT'])],
+                    [desc_type_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, 'VT'])],
+                )],
+                [desc_parameterlist, ([desc_parameter, 'Dict[KT, VT]'])],
+            )],
+            [desc_content, ()],
+        )],
+    ))
+
+
+def test_class_def_pep_696(app):
+    # test default values for type variables without using PEP 696 AST parser
+    text = """.. py:class:: Class[\
+        T, KT, VT,\
+        J: int,\
+        K = list,\
+        S: str = str,\
+        L: (T, tuple[T, ...], collections.abc.Iterable[T]) = set[T],\
+        Q: collections.abc.Mapping[KT, VT] = dict[KT, VT],\
+        *V = *tuple[*Ts, bool],\
+        **P = [int, Annotated[int, ValueRange(3, 10), ctype("char")]]\
+    ](Other[T, KT, VT, J, S, L, Q, *V, **P])
+    """
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        addnodes.index,
+        [desc, (
+            [desc_signature, (
+                [desc_annotation, ('class', desc_sig_space)],
+                [desc_name, 'Class'],
+                [desc_type_parameter_list, (
+                    [desc_type_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, 'T'])],
+                    [desc_type_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, 'KT'])],
+                    [desc_type_parameter, ([desc_sig_name, 'VT'])],
+                    # J: int
+                    [desc_type_parameter, (
+                        [desc_sig_name, 'J'],
+                        [desc_sig_punctuation, ':'],
+                        desc_sig_space,
+                        [desc_sig_name, ([pending_xref, 'int'])],
+                    )],
+                    # K = list
+                    [desc_type_parameter, (
+                        [desc_sig_name, 'K'],
+                        desc_sig_space,
+                        [desc_sig_operator, '='],
+                        desc_sig_space,
+                        [nodes.inline, 'list'],
+                    )],
+                    # S: str = str
+                    [desc_type_parameter, (
+                        [desc_sig_name, 'S'],
+                        [desc_sig_punctuation, ':'],
+                        desc_sig_space,
+                        [desc_sig_name, ([pending_xref, 'str'])],
+                        desc_sig_space,
+                        [desc_sig_operator, '='],
+                        desc_sig_space,
+                        [nodes.inline, 'str'],
+                    )],
+                    [desc_type_parameter, (
+                        [desc_sig_name, 'L'],
+                        [desc_sig_punctuation, ':'],
+                        desc_sig_space,
+                        [desc_sig_punctuation, '('],
+                        [desc_sig_name, (
+                            # T
+                            [pending_xref, 'T'],
+                            [desc_sig_punctuation, ','],
+                            desc_sig_space,
+                            # tuple[T, ...]
+                            [pending_xref, 'tuple'],
+                            [desc_sig_punctuation, '['],
+                            [pending_xref, 'T'],
+                            [desc_sig_punctuation, ','],
+                            desc_sig_space,
+                            [desc_sig_punctuation, '...'],
+                            [desc_sig_punctuation, ']'],
+                            [desc_sig_punctuation, ','],
+                            desc_sig_space,
+                            # collections.abc.Iterable[T]
+                            [pending_xref, 'collections.abc.Iterable'],
+                            [desc_sig_punctuation, '['],
+                            [pending_xref, 'T'],
+                            [desc_sig_punctuation, ']'],
+                        )],
+                        [desc_sig_punctuation, ')'],
+                        desc_sig_space,
+                        [desc_sig_operator, '='],
+                        desc_sig_space,
+                        [nodes.inline, 'set[T]'],
+                    )],
+                    [desc_type_parameter, (
+                        [desc_sig_name, 'Q'],
+                        [desc_sig_punctuation, ':'],
+                        desc_sig_space,
+                        [desc_sig_name, (
+                            [pending_xref, 'collections.abc.Mapping'],
+                            [desc_sig_punctuation, '['],
+                            [pending_xref, 'KT'],
+                            [desc_sig_punctuation, ','],
+                            desc_sig_space,
+                            [pending_xref, 'VT'],
+                            [desc_sig_punctuation, ']'],
+                        )],
+                        desc_sig_space,
+                        [desc_sig_operator, '='],
+                        desc_sig_space,
+                        [nodes.inline, 'dict[KT, VT]'],
+                    )],
+                    [desc_type_parameter, (
+                        [desc_sig_operator, '*'],
+                        [desc_sig_name, 'V'],
+                        desc_sig_space,
+                        [desc_sig_operator, '='],
+                        desc_sig_space,
+                        [nodes.inline, '*tuple[*Ts, bool]'],
+                    )],
+                    [desc_type_parameter, (
+                        [desc_sig_operator, '**'],
+                        [desc_sig_name, 'P'],
+                        desc_sig_space,
+                        [desc_sig_operator, '='],
+                        desc_sig_space,
+                        [nodes.inline, '[int, Annotated[int, ValueRange(3, 10), ctype("char")]]'],
+                    )],
+                )],
+                [desc_parameterlist, (
+                    [desc_parameter, 'Other[T, KT, VT, J, S, L, Q, *V, **P]'],
+                )],
+            )],
+            [desc_content, ()],
+        )],
+    ))
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(('tp_list', 'tptext'), [
+    ('[T:int]', '[T: int]'),
+    ('[T:*Ts]', '[T: *Ts]'),
+    ('[T:int|(*Ts)]', '[T: int | (*Ts)]'),
+    ('[T:(*Ts)|int]', '[T: (*Ts) | int]'),
+    ('[T:(int|(*Ts))]', '[T: (int | (*Ts))]'),
+    ('[T:((*Ts)|int)]', '[T: ((*Ts) | int)]'),
+    ('[T:Annotated[int,ctype("char")]]', '[T: Annotated[int, ctype("char")]]'),
+])
+def test_pep_695_and_pep_696_whitespaces_in_bound(app, tp_list, tptext):
+    text = f'.. py:function:: f{tp_list}()'
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert doctree.astext() == f'\n\nf{tptext}()\n\n'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(('tp_list', 'tptext'), [
+    ('[T:(int,str)]', '[T: (int, str)]'),
+    ('[T:(int|str,*Ts)]', '[T: (int | str, *Ts)]'),
+])
+def test_pep_695_and_pep_696_whitespaces_in_constraints(app, tp_list, tptext):
+    text = f'.. py:function:: f{tp_list}()'
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert doctree.astext() == f'\n\nf{tptext}()\n\n'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(('tp_list', 'tptext'), [
+    ('[T=int]', '[T = int]'),
+    ('[T:int=int]', '[T: int = int]'),
+    ('[*V=*Ts]', '[*V = *Ts]'),
+    ('[*V=(*Ts)]', '[*V = (*Ts)]'),
+    ('[*V=*tuple[str,...]]', '[*V = *tuple[str, ...]]'),
+    ('[*V=*tuple[*Ts,...]]', '[*V = *tuple[*Ts, ...]]'),
+    ('[*V=*tuple[int,*Ts]]', '[*V = *tuple[int, *Ts]]'),
+    ('[*V=*tuple[*Ts,int]]', '[*V = *tuple[*Ts, int]]'),
+    ('[**P=[int,*Ts]]', '[**P = [int, *Ts]]'),
+    ('[**P=[int, int*3]]', '[**P = [int, int * 3]]'),
+    ('[**P=[int, *Ts*3]]', '[**P = [int, *Ts * 3]]'),
+    ('[**P=[int,A[int,ctype("char")]]]', '[**P = [int, A[int, ctype("char")]]]'),
+])
+def test_pep_695_and_pep_696_whitespaces_in_default(app, tp_list, tptext):
+    text = f'.. py:function:: f{tp_list}()'
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert doctree.astext() == f'\n\nf{tptext}()\n\n'
diff --git a/tests/test_domain_rst.py b/tests/test_domain_rst.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4445da1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_domain_rst.py
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+"""Tests the reStructuredText domain."""
+
+from sphinx import addnodes
+from sphinx.addnodes import (
+    desc,
+    desc_addname,
+    desc_annotation,
+    desc_content,
+    desc_name,
+    desc_signature,
+)
+from sphinx.domains.rst import parse_directive
+from sphinx.testing import restructuredtext
+from sphinx.testing.util import assert_node
+
+
+def test_parse_directive():
+    s = parse_directive(' foö  ')
+    assert s == ('foö', '')
+
+    s = parse_directive(' ..    foö ::  ')
+    assert s == ('foö', '')
+
+    s = parse_directive('.. foö:: args1 args2')
+    assert s == ('foö', ' args1 args2')
+
+    s = parse_directive('.. :: bar')
+    assert s == ('.. :: bar', '')
+
+
+def test_rst_directive(app):
+    # bare
+    text = ".. rst:directive:: toctree"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, desc_name, ".. toctree::"],
+                                  [desc_content, ()])]))
+    assert_node(doctree[0],
+                entries=[("single", "toctree (directive)", "directive-toctree", "", None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="directive",
+                domain="rst", objtype="directive", no_index=False)
+
+    # decorated
+    text = ".. rst:directive:: .. toctree::"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, desc_name, ".. toctree::"],
+                                  [desc_content, ()])]))
+    assert_node(doctree[0],
+                entries=[("single", "toctree (directive)", "directive-toctree", "", None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="directive",
+                domain="rst", objtype="directive", no_index=False)
+
+
+def test_rst_directive_with_argument(app):
+    text = ".. rst:directive:: .. toctree:: foo bar baz"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, ".. toctree::"],
+                                                    [desc_addname, " foo bar baz"])],
+                                  [desc_content, ()])]))
+    assert_node(doctree[0],
+                entries=[("single", "toctree (directive)", "directive-toctree", "", None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="directive",
+                domain="rst", objtype="directive", no_index=False)
+
+
+def test_rst_directive_option(app):
+    text = ".. rst:directive:option:: foo"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, desc_name, ":foo:"],
+                                  [desc_content, ()])]))
+    assert_node(doctree[0],
+                entries=[("single", ":foo: (directive option)",
+                          "directive-option-foo", "", "F")])
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="directive:option",
+                domain="rst", objtype="directive:option", no_index=False)
+
+
+def test_rst_directive_option_with_argument(app):
+    text = ".. rst:directive:option:: foo: bar baz"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, ":foo:"],
+                                                    [desc_annotation, " bar baz"])],
+                                  [desc_content, ()])]))
+    assert_node(doctree[0],
+                entries=[("single", ":foo: (directive option)",
+                          "directive-option-foo", "", "F")])
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="directive:option",
+                domain="rst", objtype="directive:option", no_index=False)
+
+
+def test_rst_directive_option_type(app):
+    text = (".. rst:directive:option:: foo\n"
+            "   :type: directives.flags\n")
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, ":foo:"],
+                                                    [desc_annotation, " (directives.flags)"])],
+                                  [desc_content, ()])]))
+    assert_node(doctree[0],
+                entries=[("single", ":foo: (directive option)",
+                          "directive-option-foo", "", "F")])
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="directive:option",
+                domain="rst", objtype="directive:option", no_index=False)
+
+
+def test_rst_directive_and_directive_option(app):
+    text = (".. rst:directive:: foo\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   .. rst:directive:option:: bar\n")
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, desc_name, ".. foo::"],
+                                  [desc_content, (addnodes.index,
+                                                  desc)])]))
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][0],
+                entries=[("pair", "foo (directive); :bar: (directive option)",
+                          "directive-option-foo-bar", "", "B")])
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][1], ([desc_signature, desc_name, ":bar:"],
+                                   [desc_content, ()]))
+    assert_node(doctree[1][1][1], addnodes.desc, desctype="directive:option",
+                domain="rst", objtype="directive:option", no_index=False)
+
+
+def test_rst_role(app):
+    text = ".. rst:role:: ref"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, desc_name, ":ref:"],
+                                  [desc_content, ()])]))
+    assert_node(doctree[0],
+                entries=[("single", "ref (role)", "role-ref", "", None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.desc, desctype="role",
+                domain="rst", objtype="role", no_index=False)
diff --git a/tests/test_domain_std.py b/tests/test_domain_std.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d7ab53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_domain_std.py
@@ -0,0 +1,495 @@
+"""Tests the std domain"""
+
+from unittest import mock
+
+import pytest
+from docutils import nodes
+from docutils.nodes import definition, definition_list, definition_list_item, term
+from html5lib import HTMLParser
+
+from sphinx import addnodes
+from sphinx.addnodes import (
+    desc,
+    desc_addname,
+    desc_content,
+    desc_name,
+    desc_signature,
+    glossary,
+    index,
+    pending_xref,
+)
+from sphinx.domains.std import StandardDomain
+from sphinx.testing import restructuredtext
+from sphinx.testing.util import assert_node
+
+
+def test_process_doc_handle_figure_caption():
+    env = mock.Mock(domaindata={})
+    env.app.registry.enumerable_nodes = {}
+    figure_node = nodes.figure(
+        '',
+        nodes.caption('caption text', 'caption text'),
+    )
+    document = mock.Mock(
+        nametypes={'testname': True},
+        nameids={'testname': 'testid'},
+        ids={'testid': figure_node},
+        citation_refs={},
+    )
+    document.findall.return_value = []
+
+    domain = StandardDomain(env)
+    if 'testname' in domain.data['labels']:
+        del domain.data['labels']['testname']
+    domain.process_doc(env, 'testdoc', document)
+    assert 'testname' in domain.data['labels']
+    assert domain.data['labels']['testname'] == (
+        'testdoc', 'testid', 'caption text')
+
+
+def test_process_doc_handle_table_title():
+    env = mock.Mock(domaindata={})
+    env.app.registry.enumerable_nodes = {}
+    table_node = nodes.table(
+        '',
+        nodes.title('title text', 'title text'),
+    )
+    document = mock.Mock(
+        nametypes={'testname': True},
+        nameids={'testname': 'testid'},
+        ids={'testid': table_node},
+        citation_refs={},
+    )
+    document.findall.return_value = []
+
+    domain = StandardDomain(env)
+    if 'testname' in domain.data['labels']:
+        del domain.data['labels']['testname']
+    domain.process_doc(env, 'testdoc', document)
+    assert 'testname' in domain.data['labels']
+    assert domain.data['labels']['testname'] == (
+        'testdoc', 'testid', 'title text')
+
+
+def test_get_full_qualified_name():
+    env = mock.Mock(domaindata={})
+    env.app.registry.enumerable_nodes = {}
+    domain = StandardDomain(env)
+
+    # normal references
+    node = nodes.reference()
+    assert domain.get_full_qualified_name(node) is None
+
+    # simple reference to options
+    node = nodes.reference(reftype='option', reftarget='-l')
+    assert domain.get_full_qualified_name(node) is None
+
+    # options with std:program context
+    kwargs = {'std:program': 'ls'}
+    node = nodes.reference(reftype='option', reftarget='-l', **kwargs)
+    assert domain.get_full_qualified_name(node) == 'ls.-l'
+
+
+def test_cmd_option_with_optional_value(app):
+    text = ".. option:: -j[=N]"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, '-j'],
+                                                    [desc_addname, '[=N]'])],
+                                  [desc_content, ()])]))
+    assert_node(doctree[0], addnodes.index,
+                entries=[('pair', 'command line option; -j', 'cmdoption-j', '', None)])
+
+    objects = list(app.env.get_domain("std").get_objects())
+    assert ('-j', '-j', 'cmdoption', 'index', 'cmdoption-j', 1) in objects
+
+
+def test_cmd_option_starting_with_bracket(app):
+    text = ".. option:: [enable=]PATTERN"
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, '[enable'],
+                                                    [desc_addname, '=]PATTERN'])],
+                                  [desc_content, ()])]))
+    objects = list(app.env.get_domain("std").get_objects())
+    assert ('[enable', '[enable', 'cmdoption', 'index', 'cmdoption-arg-enable', 1) in objects
+
+
+def test_glossary(app):
+    text = (".. glossary::\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   term1\n"
+            "   TERM2\n"
+            "       description\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   term3 : classifier\n"
+            "       description\n"
+            "       description\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   term4 : class1 : class2\n"
+            "       description\n")
+
+    # doctree
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        [glossary, definition_list, ([definition_list_item, ([term, ("term1",
+                                                                     index)],
+                                                             [term, ("TERM2",
+                                                                     index)],
+                                                             definition)],
+                                     [definition_list_item, ([term, ("term3",
+                                                                     index)],
+                                                             definition)],
+                                     [definition_list_item, ([term, ("term4",
+                                                                     index)],
+                                                             definition)])],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[0][0][0][0][1],
+                entries=[("single", "term1", "term-term1", "main", None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[0][0][0][1][1],
+                entries=[("single", "TERM2", "term-TERM2", "main", None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[0][0][0][2],
+                [definition, nodes.paragraph, "description"])
+    assert_node(doctree[0][0][1][0][1],
+                entries=[("single", "term3", "term-term3", "main", "classifier")])
+    assert_node(doctree[0][0][1][1],
+                [definition, nodes.paragraph, ("description\n"
+                                               "description")])
+    assert_node(doctree[0][0][2][0][1],
+                entries=[("single", "term4", "term-term4", "main", "class1")])
+    assert_node(doctree[0][0][2][1],
+                [nodes.definition, nodes.paragraph, "description"])
+
+    # index
+    domain = app.env.get_domain("std")
+    objects = list(domain.get_objects())
+    assert ("term1", "term1", "term", "index", "term-term1", -1) in objects
+    assert ("TERM2", "TERM2", "term", "index", "term-TERM2", -1) in objects
+    assert ("term3", "term3", "term", "index", "term-term3", -1) in objects
+    assert ("term4", "term4", "term", "index", "term-term4", -1) in objects
+
+    # term reference (case sensitive)
+    refnode = domain.resolve_xref(app.env, 'index', app.builder, 'term', 'term1',
+                                  pending_xref(), nodes.paragraph())
+    assert_node(refnode, nodes.reference, refid="term-term1")
+
+    # term reference (case insensitive)
+    refnode = domain.resolve_xref(app.env, 'index', app.builder, 'term', 'term2',
+                                  pending_xref(), nodes.paragraph())
+    assert_node(refnode, nodes.reference, refid="term-TERM2")
+
+
+def test_glossary_warning(app, status, warning):
+    # empty line between terms
+    text = (".. glossary::\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   term1\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   term2\n")
+    restructuredtext.parse(app, text, "case1")
+    assert ("case1.rst:4: WARNING: glossary terms must not be separated by empty lines"
+            in warning.getvalue())
+
+    # glossary starts with indented item
+    text = (".. glossary::\n"
+            "\n"
+            "       description\n"
+            "   term\n")
+    restructuredtext.parse(app, text, "case2")
+    assert ("case2.rst:3: WARNING: glossary term must be preceded by empty line"
+            in warning.getvalue())
+
+    # empty line between terms
+    text = (".. glossary::\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   term1\n"
+            "       description\n"
+            "   term2\n")
+    restructuredtext.parse(app, text, "case3")
+    assert ("case3.rst:4: WARNING: glossary term must be preceded by empty line"
+            in warning.getvalue())
+
+    # duplicated terms
+    text = (".. glossary::\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   term-case4\n"
+            "   term-case4\n")
+    restructuredtext.parse(app, text, "case4")
+    assert ("case4.rst:3: WARNING: duplicate term description of term-case4, "
+            "other instance in case4" in warning.getvalue())
+
+
+def test_glossary_comment(app):
+    text = (".. glossary::\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   term1\n"
+            "       description\n"
+            "   .. term2\n"
+            "       description\n"
+            "       description\n")
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        [glossary, definition_list, definition_list_item, ([term, ("term1",
+                                                                   index)],
+                                                           definition)],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[0][0][0][1],
+                [nodes.definition, nodes.paragraph, "description"])
+
+
+def test_glossary_comment2(app):
+    text = (".. glossary::\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   term1\n"
+            "       description\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   .. term2\n"
+            "   term3\n"
+            "       description\n"
+            "       description\n")
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        [glossary, definition_list, ([definition_list_item, ([term, ("term1",
+                                                                     index)],
+                                                             definition)],
+                                     [definition_list_item, ([term, ("term3",
+                                                                     index)],
+                                                             definition)])],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[0][0][0][1],
+                [nodes.definition, nodes.paragraph, "description"])
+    assert_node(doctree[0][0][1][1],
+                [nodes.definition, nodes.paragraph, ("description\n"
+                                                     "description")])
+
+
+def test_glossary_sorted(app):
+    text = (".. glossary::\n"
+            "   :sorted:\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   term3\n"
+            "       description\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   term2\n"
+            "   term1\n"
+            "       description\n")
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (
+        [glossary, definition_list, ([definition_list_item, ([term, ("term2",
+                                                                     index)],
+                                                             [term, ("term1",
+                                                                     index)],
+                                                             definition)],
+                                     [definition_list_item, ([term, ("term3",
+                                                                     index)],
+                                                             definition)])],
+    ))
+    assert_node(doctree[0][0][0][2],
+                [nodes.definition, nodes.paragraph, "description"])
+    assert_node(doctree[0][0][1][1],
+                [nodes.definition, nodes.paragraph, "description"])
+
+
+def test_glossary_alphanumeric(app):
+    text = (".. glossary::\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   1\n"
+            "   /\n")
+    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    objects = list(app.env.get_domain("std").get_objects())
+    assert ("1", "1", "term", "index", "term-1", -1) in objects
+    assert ("/", "/", "term", "index", "term-0", -1) in objects
+
+
+def test_glossary_conflicted_labels(app):
+    text = (".. _term-foo:\n"
+            ".. glossary::\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   foo\n")
+    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    objects = list(app.env.get_domain("std").get_objects())
+    assert ("foo", "foo", "term", "index", "term-0", -1) in objects
+
+
+def test_cmdoption(app):
+    text = (".. program:: ls\n"
+            "\n"
+            ".. option:: -l\n")
+    domain = app.env.get_domain('std')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, "-l"],
+                                                    [desc_addname, ()])],
+                                  [desc_content, ()])]))
+    assert_node(doctree[0], addnodes.index,
+                entries=[('pair', 'ls command line option; -l', 'cmdoption-ls-l', '', None)])
+    assert ('ls', '-l') in domain.progoptions
+    assert domain.progoptions[('ls', '-l')] == ('index', 'cmdoption-ls-l')
+
+
+def test_cmdoption_for_None(app):
+    text = (".. program:: ls\n"
+            ".. program:: None\n"
+            "\n"
+            ".. option:: -l\n")
+    domain = app.env.get_domain('std')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, "-l"],
+                                                    [desc_addname, ()])],
+                                  [desc_content, ()])]))
+    assert_node(doctree[0], addnodes.index,
+                entries=[('pair', 'command line option; -l', 'cmdoption-l', '', None)])
+    assert (None, '-l') in domain.progoptions
+    assert domain.progoptions[(None, '-l')] == ('index', 'cmdoption-l')
+
+
+def test_multiple_cmdoptions(app):
+    text = (".. program:: cmd\n"
+            "\n"
+            ".. option:: -o directory, --output directory\n")
+    domain = app.env.get_domain('std')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          [desc, ([desc_signature, ([desc_name, "-o"],
+                                                    [desc_addname, " directory"],
+                                                    [desc_addname, ", "],
+                                                    [desc_name, "--output"],
+                                                    [desc_addname, " directory"])],
+                                  [desc_content, ()])]))
+    assert_node(doctree[0], addnodes.index,
+                entries=[('pair', 'cmd command line option; -o', 'cmdoption-cmd-o', '', None),
+                         ('pair', 'cmd command line option; --output', 'cmdoption-cmd-o', '', None)])
+    assert ('cmd', '-o') in domain.progoptions
+    assert ('cmd', '--output') in domain.progoptions
+    assert domain.progoptions[('cmd', '-o')] == ('index', 'cmdoption-cmd-o')
+    assert domain.progoptions[('cmd', '--output')] == ('index', 'cmdoption-cmd-o')
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='productionlist')
+def test_productionlist(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    warnings = warning.getvalue().split("\n")
+    assert len(warnings) == 2
+    assert warnings[-1] == ''
+    assert "Dup2.rst:4: WARNING: duplicate token description of Dup, other instance in Dup1" in warnings[0]
+
+    with (app.outdir / 'index.html').open('rb') as f:
+        etree = HTMLParser(namespaceHTMLElements=False).parse(f)
+    ul = list(etree.iter('ul'))[1]
+    cases = []
+    for li in list(ul):
+        assert len(list(li)) == 1
+        p = list(li)[0]
+        assert p.tag == 'p'
+        text = str(p.text).strip(' :')
+        assert len(list(p)) == 1
+        a = list(p)[0]
+        assert a.tag == 'a'
+        link = a.get('href')
+        assert len(list(a)) == 1
+        code = list(a)[0]
+        assert code.tag == 'code'
+        assert len(list(code)) == 1
+        span = list(code)[0]
+        assert span.tag == 'span'
+        linkText = span.text.strip()
+        cases.append((text, link, linkText))
+    assert cases == [
+        ('A', 'Bare.html#grammar-token-A', 'A'),
+        ('B', 'Bare.html#grammar-token-B', 'B'),
+        ('P1:A', 'P1.html#grammar-token-P1-A', 'P1:A'),
+        ('P1:B', 'P1.html#grammar-token-P1-B', 'P1:B'),
+        ('P2:A', 'P1.html#grammar-token-P1-A', 'P1:A'),
+        ('P2:B', 'P2.html#grammar-token-P2-B', 'P2:B'),
+        ('Explicit title A, plain', 'Bare.html#grammar-token-A', 'MyTitle'),
+        ('Explicit title A, colon', 'Bare.html#grammar-token-A', 'My:Title'),
+        ('Explicit title P1:A, plain', 'P1.html#grammar-token-P1-A', 'MyTitle'),
+        ('Explicit title P1:A, colon', 'P1.html#grammar-token-P1-A', 'My:Title'),
+        ('Tilde A', 'Bare.html#grammar-token-A', 'A'),
+        ('Tilde P1:A', 'P1.html#grammar-token-P1-A', 'A'),
+        ('Tilde explicit title P1:A', 'P1.html#grammar-token-P1-A', '~MyTitle'),
+        ('Tilde, explicit title P1:A', 'P1.html#grammar-token-P1-A', 'MyTitle'),
+        ('Dup', 'Dup2.html#grammar-token-Dup', 'Dup'),
+        ('FirstLine', 'firstLineRule.html#grammar-token-FirstLine', 'FirstLine'),
+        ('SecondLine', 'firstLineRule.html#grammar-token-SecondLine', 'SecondLine'),
+    ]
+
+    text = (app.outdir / 'LineContinuation.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert "A</strong> ::=  B C D    E F G" in text
+
+
+def test_productionlist2(app):
+    text = (".. productionlist:: P2\n"
+            "   A: `:A` `A`\n"
+            "   B: `P1:B` `~P1:B`\n")
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    refnodes = list(doctree.findall(pending_xref))
+    assert_node(refnodes[0], pending_xref, reftarget="A")
+    assert_node(refnodes[1], pending_xref, reftarget="P2:A")
+    assert_node(refnodes[2], pending_xref, reftarget="P1:B")
+    assert_node(refnodes[3], pending_xref, reftarget="P1:B")
+    assert_node(refnodes[0], [pending_xref, nodes.literal, "A"])
+    assert_node(refnodes[1], [pending_xref, nodes.literal, "A"])
+    assert_node(refnodes[2], [pending_xref, nodes.literal, "P1:B"])
+    assert_node(refnodes[3], [pending_xref, nodes.literal, "B"])
+
+
+def test_disabled_docref(app):
+    text = (":doc:`index`\n"
+            ":doc:`!index`\n")
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, ([nodes.paragraph, ([pending_xref, nodes.inline, "index"],
+                                             "\n",
+                                             [nodes.inline, "index"])],))
+
+
+def test_labeled_rubric(app):
+    text = (".. _label:\n"
+            ".. rubric:: blah *blah* blah\n")
+    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+
+    domain = app.env.get_domain("std")
+    assert 'label' in domain.labels
+    assert domain.labels['label'] == ('index', 'label', 'blah blah blah')
+
+
+def test_labeled_definition(app):
+    text = (".. _label1:\n"
+            "\n"
+            "Foo blah *blah* blah\n"
+            "  Definition\n"
+            "\n"
+            ".. _label2:\n"
+            "\n"
+            "Bar blah *blah* blah\n"
+            "  Definition\n"
+            "\n")
+    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+
+    domain = app.env.get_domain("std")
+    assert 'label1' in domain.labels
+    assert domain.labels['label1'] == ('index', 'label1', 'Foo blah blah blah')
+    assert 'label2' in domain.labels
+    assert domain.labels['label2'] == ('index', 'label2', 'Bar blah blah blah')
+
+
+def test_labeled_field(app):
+    text = (".. _label1:\n"
+            "\n"
+            ":Foo blah *blah* blah:\n"
+            "  Definition\n"
+            "\n"
+            ".. _label2:\n"
+            "\n"
+            ":Bar blah *blah* blah:\n"
+            "  Definition\n"
+            "\n")
+    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+
+    domain = app.env.get_domain("std")
+    assert 'label1' in domain.labels
+    assert domain.labels['label1'] == ('index', 'label1', 'Foo blah blah blah')
+    assert 'label2' in domain.labels
+    assert domain.labels['label2'] == ('index', 'label2', 'Bar blah blah blah')
diff --git a/tests/test_environment.py b/tests/test_environment.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a34457
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_environment.py
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+"""Test the BuildEnvironment class."""
+import os
+import shutil
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx.builders.html import StandaloneHTMLBuilder
+from sphinx.builders.latex import LaTeXBuilder
+from sphinx.environment import CONFIG_CHANGED, CONFIG_EXTENSIONS_CHANGED, CONFIG_NEW, CONFIG_OK
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='basic')
+def test_config_status(make_app, app_params):
+    args, kwargs = app_params
+
+    # clean build
+    app1 = make_app(*args, freshenv=True, **kwargs)
+    assert app1.env.config_status == CONFIG_NEW
+    app1.build()
+    assert '[new config] 1 added' in app1._status.getvalue()
+
+    # incremental build (no config changed)
+    app2 = make_app(*args, **kwargs)
+    assert app2.env.config_status == CONFIG_OK
+    app2.build()
+    assert "0 added, 0 changed, 0 removed" in app2._status.getvalue()
+
+    # incremental build (config entry changed)
+    app3 = make_app(*args, confoverrides={'root_doc': 'indexx'}, **kwargs)
+    fname = os.path.join(app3.srcdir, 'index.rst')
+    assert os.path.isfile(fname)
+    shutil.move(fname, fname[:-4] + 'x.rst')
+    assert app3.env.config_status == CONFIG_CHANGED
+    app3.build()
+    shutil.move(fname[:-4] + 'x.rst', fname)
+    assert "[config changed ('root_doc')] 1 added" in app3._status.getvalue()
+
+    # incremental build (extension changed)
+    app4 = make_app(*args, confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.autodoc']}, **kwargs)
+    assert app4.env.config_status == CONFIG_EXTENSIONS_CHANGED
+    app4.build()
+    want_str = "[extensions changed ('sphinx.ext.autodoc')] 1 added"
+    assert want_str in app4._status.getvalue()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy')
+def test_images(app):
+    app.build()
+
+    tree = app.env.get_doctree('images')
+    htmlbuilder = StandaloneHTMLBuilder(app, app.env)
+    htmlbuilder.init()
+    htmlbuilder.imgpath = 'dummy'
+    htmlbuilder.post_process_images(tree)
+    assert set(htmlbuilder.images.keys()) == \
+        {'subdir/img.png', 'img.png', 'subdir/simg.png', 'svgimg.svg', 'img.foo.png'}
+    assert set(htmlbuilder.images.values()) == \
+        {'img.png', 'img1.png', 'simg.png', 'svgimg.svg', 'img.foo.png'}
+
+    latexbuilder = LaTeXBuilder(app, app.env)
+    latexbuilder.init()
+    latexbuilder.post_process_images(tree)
+    assert set(latexbuilder.images.keys()) == \
+        {'subdir/img.png', 'subdir/simg.png', 'img.png', 'img.pdf',
+         'svgimg.pdf', 'img.foo.png'}
+    assert set(latexbuilder.images.values()) == \
+        {'img.pdf', 'img.png', 'img1.png', 'simg.png',
+         'svgimg.pdf', 'img.foo.png'}
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy')
+def test_object_inventory(app):
+    app.build()
+    refs = app.env.domaindata['py']['objects']
+
+    assert 'func_without_module' in refs
+    assert refs['func_without_module'] == ('objects', 'func_without_module', 'function', False)
+    assert 'func_without_module2' in refs
+    assert 'mod.func_in_module' in refs
+    assert 'mod.Cls' in refs
+    assert 'mod.Cls.meth1' in refs
+    assert 'mod.Cls.meth2' in refs
+    assert 'mod.Cls.meths' in refs
+
+    assert 'mod.Error' not in refs
+    assert 'errmod.Error' in refs
+
+    assert 'func_in_module' not in refs
+    assert 'func_noindex' not in refs
+
+    assert app.env.domaindata['py']['modules']['mod'] == \
+        ('objects', 'module-mod', 'Module synopsis.', 'UNIX', False)
+
+    assert app.env.domains['py'].data is app.env.domaindata['py']
+    assert app.env.domains['c'].data is app.env.domaindata['c']
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='basic')
+def test_env_relfn2path(app):
+    # relative filename and root document
+    relfn, absfn = app.env.relfn2path('logo.jpg', 'index')
+    assert relfn == 'logo.jpg'
+    assert absfn == str(app.srcdir / 'logo.jpg')
+
+    # absolute filename and root document
+    relfn, absfn = app.env.relfn2path('/logo.jpg', 'index')
+    assert relfn == 'logo.jpg'
+    assert absfn == str(app.srcdir / 'logo.jpg')
+
+    # relative filename and a document in subdir
+    relfn, absfn = app.env.relfn2path('logo.jpg', 'subdir/index')
+    assert Path(relfn) == Path('subdir/logo.jpg')
+    assert absfn == str(app.srcdir / 'subdir' / 'logo.jpg')
+
+    # absolute filename and a document in subdir
+    relfn, absfn = app.env.relfn2path('/logo.jpg', 'subdir/index')
+    assert relfn == 'logo.jpg'
+    assert absfn == str(app.srcdir / 'logo.jpg')
+
+    # relative filename having subdir
+    relfn, absfn = app.env.relfn2path('images/logo.jpg', 'index')
+    assert relfn == 'images/logo.jpg'
+    assert absfn == str(app.srcdir / 'images' / 'logo.jpg')
+
+    # relative path traversal
+    relfn, absfn = app.env.relfn2path('../logo.jpg', 'index')
+    assert relfn == '../logo.jpg'
+    assert absfn == str(app.srcdir.parent / 'logo.jpg')
+
+    # relative path traversal
+    relfn, absfn = app.env.relfn2path('subdir/../logo.jpg', 'index')
+    assert relfn == 'logo.jpg'
+    assert absfn == str(app.srcdir / 'logo.jpg')
+
+    # omit docname (w/ current docname)
+    app.env.temp_data['docname'] = 'subdir/document'
+    relfn, absfn = app.env.relfn2path('images/logo.jpg')
+    assert Path(relfn) == Path('subdir/images/logo.jpg')
+    assert absfn == str(app.srcdir / 'subdir' / 'images' / 'logo.jpg')
+
+    # omit docname (w/o current docname)
+    app.env.temp_data.clear()
+    with pytest.raises(KeyError):
+        app.env.relfn2path('images/logo.jpg')
diff --git a/tests/test_environment_indexentries.py b/tests/test_environment_indexentries.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4cfdc28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_environment_indexentries.py
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+"""Test the sphinx.environment.adapters.indexentries."""
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx.environment.adapters.indexentries import IndexEntries
+from sphinx.testing import restructuredtext
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', freshenv=True)
+def test_create_single_index(app):
+    text = (".. index:: docutils\n"
+            ".. index:: Python\n"
+            ".. index:: pip; install\n"
+            ".. index:: pip; upgrade\n"
+            ".. index:: Sphinx\n"
+            ".. index:: Ель\n"
+            ".. index:: ёлка\n"
+            ".. index:: \N{RIGHT-TO-LEFT MARK}\u05e2\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea\N{LEFT-TO-RIGHT MARK}\n"
+            ".. index:: 9-symbol\n"
+            ".. index:: &-symbol\n"
+            ".. index:: £100\n")
+    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    index = IndexEntries(app.env).create_index(app.builder)
+    assert len(index) == 6
+    assert index[0] == ('Symbols', [('&-symbol', [[('', '#index-9')], [], None]),
+                                    ('9-symbol', [[('', '#index-8')], [], None]),
+                                    ('£100', [[('', '#index-10')], [], None])])
+    assert index[1] == ('D', [('docutils', [[('', '#index-0')], [], None])])
+    assert index[2] == ('P', [('pip', [[], [('install', [('', '#index-2')]),
+                                            ('upgrade', [('', '#index-3')])], None]),
+                              ('Python', [[('', '#index-1')], [], None])])
+    assert index[3] == ('S', [('Sphinx', [[('', '#index-4')], [], None])])
+    assert index[4] == ('Е',
+                        [('ёлка', [[('', '#index-6')], [], None]),
+                         ('Ель', [[('', '#index-5')], [], None])])
+    # Here the word starts with U+200F RIGHT-TO-LEFT MARK, which should be
+    # ignored when getting the first letter.
+    assert index[5] == ('\u05e2', [(
+        '\N{RIGHT-TO-LEFT MARK}\u05e2\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea\N{LEFT-TO-RIGHT MARK}',
+        [[('', '#index-7')], [], None],
+    )])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', freshenv=True)
+def test_create_pair_index(app):
+    text = (".. index:: pair: docutils; reStructuredText\n"
+            ".. index:: pair: Python; interpreter\n"
+            ".. index:: pair: Sphinx; documentation tool\n"
+            ".. index:: pair: Sphinx; :+1:\n"
+            ".. index:: pair: Sphinx; Ель\n"
+            ".. index:: pair: Sphinx; ёлка\n")
+    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    index = IndexEntries(app.env).create_index(app.builder)
+    assert len(index) == 7
+    assert index[0] == ('Symbols', [(':+1:', [[], [('Sphinx', [('', '#index-3')])], None])])
+    assert index[1] == ('D',
+                        [('documentation tool', [[], [('Sphinx', [('', '#index-2')])], None]),
+                         ('docutils', [[], [('reStructuredText', [('', '#index-0')])], None])])
+    assert index[2] == ('I', [('interpreter', [[], [('Python', [('', '#index-1')])], None])])
+    assert index[3] == ('P', [('Python', [[], [('interpreter', [('', '#index-1')])], None])])
+    assert index[4] == ('R',
+                        [('reStructuredText', [[], [('docutils', [('', '#index-0')])], None])])
+    assert index[5] == ('S',
+                        [('Sphinx', [[],
+                                     [(':+1:', [('', '#index-3')]),
+                                      ('documentation tool', [('', '#index-2')]),
+                                      ('ёлка', [('', '#index-5')]),
+                                      ('Ель', [('', '#index-4')])],
+                                     None])])
+    assert index[6] == ('Е',
+                        [('ёлка', [[], [('Sphinx', [('', '#index-5')])], None]),
+                         ('Ель', [[], [('Sphinx', [('', '#index-4')])], None])])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', freshenv=True)
+def test_create_triple_index(app):
+    text = (".. index:: triple: foo; bar; baz\n"
+            ".. index:: triple: Python; Sphinx; reST\n")
+    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    index = IndexEntries(app.env).create_index(app.builder)
+    assert len(index) == 5
+    assert index[0] == ('B', [('bar', [[], [('baz, foo', [('', '#index-0')])], None]),
+                              ('baz', [[], [('foo bar', [('', '#index-0')])], None])])
+    assert index[1] == ('F', [('foo', [[], [('bar baz', [('', '#index-0')])], None])])
+    assert index[2] == ('P', [('Python', [[], [('Sphinx reST', [('', '#index-1')])], None])])
+    assert index[3] == ('R', [('reST', [[], [('Python Sphinx', [('', '#index-1')])], None])])
+    assert index[4] == ('S', [('Sphinx', [[], [('reST, Python', [('', '#index-1')])], None])])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', freshenv=True)
+def test_create_see_index(app):
+    text = (".. index:: see: docutils; reStructuredText\n"
+            ".. index:: see: Python; interpreter\n"
+            ".. index:: see: Sphinx; documentation tool\n")
+    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    index = IndexEntries(app.env).create_index(app.builder)
+    assert len(index) == 3
+    assert index[0] == ('D', [('docutils', [[], [('see reStructuredText', [])], None])])
+    assert index[1] == ('P', [('Python', [[], [('see interpreter', [])], None])])
+    assert index[2] == ('S', [('Sphinx', [[], [('see documentation tool', [])], None])])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', freshenv=True)
+def test_create_seealso_index(app):
+    text = (".. index:: seealso: docutils; reStructuredText\n"
+            ".. index:: seealso: Python; interpreter\n"
+            ".. index:: seealso: Sphinx; documentation tool\n")
+    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    index = IndexEntries(app.env).create_index(app.builder)
+    assert len(index) == 3
+    assert index[0] == ('D', [('docutils', [[], [('see also reStructuredText', [])], None])])
+    assert index[1] == ('P', [('Python', [[], [('see also interpreter', [])], None])])
+    assert index[2] == ('S', [('Sphinx', [[], [('see also documentation tool', [])], None])])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', freshenv=True)
+def test_create_main_index(app):
+    text = (".. index:: !docutils\n"
+            ".. index:: docutils\n"
+            ".. index:: pip; install\n"
+            ".. index:: !pip; install\n")
+    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    index = IndexEntries(app.env).create_index(app.builder)
+    assert len(index) == 2
+    assert index[0] == ('D', [('docutils', [[('main', '#index-0'),
+                                             ('', '#index-1')], [], None])])
+    assert index[1] == ('P', [('pip', [[], [('install', [('main', '#index-3'),
+                                                         ('', '#index-2')])], None])])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', freshenv=True)
+def test_create_index_with_name(app):
+    text = (".. index:: single: docutils\n"
+            "   :name: ref1\n"
+            ".. index:: single: Python\n"
+            "   :name: ref2\n"
+            ".. index:: Sphinx\n")
+    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    index = IndexEntries(app.env).create_index(app.builder)
+
+    # check index is created correctly
+    assert len(index) == 3
+    assert index[0] == ('D', [('docutils', [[('', '#ref1')], [], None])])
+    assert index[1] == ('P', [('Python', [[('', '#ref2')], [], None])])
+    assert index[2] == ('S', [('Sphinx', [[('', '#index-0')], [], None])])
+
+    # check the reference labels are created correctly
+    std = app.env.get_domain('std')
+    assert std.anonlabels['ref1'] == ('index', 'ref1')
+    assert std.anonlabels['ref2'] == ('index', 'ref2')
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', freshenv=True)
+def test_create_index_by_key(app):
+    # At present, only glossary directive is able to create index key
+    text = (".. glossary::\n"
+            "\n"
+            "   docutils\n"
+            "   Python\n"
+            "   スフィンクス : ス\n")
+    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    index = IndexEntries(app.env).create_index(app.builder)
+    assert len(index) == 3
+    assert index[0] == ('D', [('docutils', [[('main', '#term-docutils')], [], None])])
+    assert index[1] == ('P', [('Python', [[('main', '#term-Python')], [], None])])
+    assert index[2] == ('ス', [('スフィンクス', [[('main', '#term-0')], [], 'ス'])])
diff --git a/tests/test_environment_record_dependencies.py b/tests/test_environment_record_dependencies.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0a17253
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_environment_record_dependencies.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+"""Tests for ``record_dependencies``."""
+
+import pytest
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='environment-record-dependencies')
+def test_record_dependencies_cleared(app):
+    app.builder.read()
+    assert app.env.dependencies['index'] == set()
+    assert app.env.dependencies['api'] == {'example_module.py'}
diff --git a/tests/test_environment_toctree.py b/tests/test_environment_toctree.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5123715
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_environment_toctree.py
@@ -0,0 +1,396 @@
+"""Test the sphinx.environment.adapters.toctree."""
+
+import pytest
+from docutils import nodes
+from docutils.nodes import bullet_list, list_item, literal, reference, title
+
+from sphinx import addnodes
+from sphinx.addnodes import compact_paragraph, only
+from sphinx.builders.html import StandaloneHTMLBuilder
+from sphinx.environment.adapters.toctree import document_toc, global_toctree_for_doc
+from sphinx.testing.util import assert_node
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml', testroot='toctree')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_environment_toctree_basic')
+def test_process_doc(app):
+    app.build()
+    # tocs
+    toctree = app.env.tocs['index']
+    assert_node(toctree,
+                [bullet_list, ([list_item, (compact_paragraph,  # [0][0]
+                                            [bullet_list, (addnodes.toctree,  # [0][1][0]
+                                                           only,  # [0][1][1]
+                                                           list_item)])],  # [0][1][2]
+                               [list_item, (compact_paragraph,  # [1][0]
+                                            [bullet_list, (addnodes.toctree,  # [1][1][0]
+                                                           addnodes.toctree)])],  # [1][1][1]
+                               list_item)])
+
+    assert_node(toctree[0][0],
+                [compact_paragraph, reference, "Welcome to Sphinx Tests’s documentation!"])
+    assert_node(toctree[0][0][0], reference, anchorname='')
+    assert_node(toctree[0][1][0], addnodes.toctree,
+                caption="Table of Contents", glob=False, hidden=False,
+                titlesonly=False, maxdepth=2, numbered=999,
+                entries=[(None, 'foo'), (None, 'bar'), (None, 'http://sphinx-doc.org/'),
+                         (None, 'self')],
+                includefiles=['foo', 'bar'])
+
+    # only branch
+    assert_node(toctree[0][1][1], addnodes.only, expr="html")
+    assert_node(toctree[0][1][1],
+                [only, list_item, ([compact_paragraph, reference, "Section for HTML"],
+                                   [bullet_list, addnodes.toctree])])
+    assert_node(toctree[0][1][1][0][0][0], reference, anchorname='#section-for-html')
+    assert_node(toctree[0][1][1][0][1][0], addnodes.toctree,
+                caption=None, glob=False, hidden=False, entries=[(None, 'baz')],
+                includefiles=['baz'], titlesonly=False, maxdepth=-1, numbered=0)
+    assert_node(toctree[0][1][2],
+                ([compact_paragraph, reference, "subsection"],
+                 [bullet_list, list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "subsubsection"]))
+
+    assert_node(toctree[1][0],
+                [compact_paragraph, reference, "Test for issue #1157"])
+    assert_node(toctree[1][0][0], reference, anchorname='#test-for-issue-1157')
+    assert_node(toctree[1][1][0], addnodes.toctree,
+                caption=None, entries=[], glob=False, hidden=False,
+                titlesonly=False, maxdepth=-1, numbered=0)
+    assert_node(toctree[1][1][1], addnodes.toctree,
+                caption=None, glob=False, hidden=True,
+                titlesonly=False, maxdepth=-1, numbered=0,
+                entries=[('Latest reference', 'http://sphinx-doc.org/latest/'),
+                         ('Python', 'http://python.org/')])
+
+    assert_node(toctree[2][0],
+                [compact_paragraph, reference, "Indices and tables"])
+
+    # other collections
+    assert app.env.toc_num_entries['index'] == 6
+    assert app.env.toctree_includes['index'] == ['foo', 'bar', 'baz']
+    assert app.env.files_to_rebuild['foo'] == {'index'}
+    assert app.env.files_to_rebuild['bar'] == {'index'}
+    assert app.env.files_to_rebuild['baz'] == {'index'}
+    assert app.env.glob_toctrees == set()
+    assert app.env.numbered_toctrees == {'index'}
+
+    # qux has no section title
+    assert len(app.env.tocs['qux']) == 0
+    assert_node(app.env.tocs['qux'], nodes.bullet_list)
+    assert app.env.toc_num_entries['qux'] == 0
+    assert 'qux' not in app.env.toctree_includes
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='toctree-glob')
+def test_glob(app):
+    includefiles = ['foo', 'bar/index', 'bar/bar_1', 'bar/bar_2',
+                    'bar/bar_3', 'baz', 'qux/index']
+
+    app.build()
+
+    # tocs
+    toctree = app.env.tocs['index']
+    assert_node(toctree,
+                [bullet_list, list_item, (compact_paragraph,  # [0][0]
+                                          [bullet_list, (list_item,  # [0][1][0]
+                                                         list_item)])])  # [0][1][1]
+
+    assert_node(toctree[0][0],
+                [compact_paragraph, reference, "test-toctree-glob"])
+    assert_node(toctree[0][1][0],
+                [list_item, ([compact_paragraph, reference, "normal order"],
+                             [bullet_list, addnodes.toctree])])  # [0][1][0][1][0]
+    assert_node(toctree[0][1][0][1][0], addnodes.toctree, caption=None,
+                glob=True, hidden=False, titlesonly=False,
+                maxdepth=-1, numbered=0, includefiles=includefiles,
+                entries=[(None, 'foo'), (None, 'bar/index'), (None, 'bar/bar_1'),
+                         (None, 'bar/bar_2'), (None, 'bar/bar_3'), (None, 'baz'),
+                         (None, 'qux/index'),
+                         ('hyperref', 'https://sphinx-doc.org/?q=sphinx')])
+    assert_node(toctree[0][1][1],
+                [list_item, ([compact_paragraph, reference, "reversed order"],
+                             [bullet_list, addnodes.toctree])])  # [0][1][1][1][0]
+    assert_node(toctree[0][1][1][1][0], addnodes.toctree, caption=None,
+                glob=True, hidden=False, titlesonly=False,
+                maxdepth=-1, numbered=0, includefiles=list(reversed(includefiles)),
+                entries=[(None, 'qux/index'), (None, 'baz'), (None, 'bar/bar_3'),
+                         (None, 'bar/bar_2'), (None, 'bar/bar_1'), (None, 'bar/index'),
+                         (None, 'foo')])
+
+    # other collections
+    assert app.env.toc_num_entries['index'] == 3
+    assert app.env.toctree_includes['index'] == includefiles + list(reversed(includefiles))
+    for file in includefiles:
+        assert 'index' in app.env.files_to_rebuild[file]
+    assert 'index' in app.env.glob_toctrees
+    assert app.env.numbered_toctrees == set()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='toctree-domain-objects')
+def test_domain_objects(app):
+    app.build()
+
+    assert app.env.toc_num_entries['index'] == 0
+    assert app.env.toc_num_entries['domains'] == 9
+    assert app.env.toctree_includes['index'] == ['domains']
+    assert 'index' in app.env.files_to_rebuild['domains']
+    assert app.env.glob_toctrees == set()
+    assert app.env.numbered_toctrees == {'index'}
+
+    # tocs
+    toctree = app.env.tocs['domains']
+    assert_node(toctree,
+                [bullet_list, list_item, (compact_paragraph,  # [0][0]
+                                          [bullet_list, (list_item,  # [0][1][0]
+                                                         [list_item,  # [0][1][1]
+                                                          (compact_paragraph,  # [0][1][1][0]
+                                                           [bullet_list, (list_item,  # [0][1][1][1][0]
+                                                                          list_item,
+                                                                          list_item,
+                                                                          list_item)])],  # [0][1][1][1][3]
+                                                         list_item,
+                                                         list_item)])])  # [0][1][1]
+
+    assert_node(toctree[0][0],
+                [compact_paragraph, reference, "test-domain-objects"])
+
+    assert_node(toctree[0][1][0],
+                [list_item, ([compact_paragraph, reference, literal, "world()"])])
+
+    assert_node(toctree[0][1][1][1][3],
+                [list_item, ([compact_paragraph, reference, literal, "HelloWorldPrinter.print()"])])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml', testroot='toctree')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_environment_toctree_basic')
+def test_document_toc(app):
+    app.build()
+    toctree = document_toc(app.env, 'index', app.builder.tags)
+
+    assert_node(toctree,
+                [bullet_list, ([list_item, (compact_paragraph,  # [0][0]
+                                            [bullet_list, (addnodes.toctree,  # [0][1][0]
+                                                           list_item)])],  # [0][1][1]
+                               [list_item, (compact_paragraph,  # [1][0]
+                                            [bullet_list, (addnodes.toctree,
+                                                           addnodes.toctree)])],
+                               [list_item, compact_paragraph])])  # [2][0]
+    assert_node(toctree[0][0],
+                [compact_paragraph, reference, "Welcome to Sphinx Tests’s documentation!"])
+    assert_node(toctree[0][1][1],
+                ([compact_paragraph, reference, "subsection"],
+                 [bullet_list, list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "subsubsection"]))
+    assert_node(toctree[1][0],
+                [compact_paragraph, reference, "Test for issue #1157"])
+    assert_node(toctree[2][0],
+                [compact_paragraph, reference, "Indices and tables"])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml', testroot='toctree')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_environment_toctree_basic')
+def test_document_toc_only(app):
+    app.build()
+    builder = StandaloneHTMLBuilder(app, app.env)
+    toctree = document_toc(app.env, 'index', builder.tags)
+
+    assert_node(toctree,
+                [bullet_list, ([list_item, (compact_paragraph,  # [0][0]
+                                            [bullet_list, (addnodes.toctree,  # [0][1][0]
+                                                           list_item,  # [0][1][1]
+                                                           list_item)])],  # [0][1][2]
+                               [list_item, (compact_paragraph,  # [1][0]
+                                            [bullet_list, (addnodes.toctree,
+                                                           addnodes.toctree)])],
+                               [list_item, compact_paragraph])])  # [2][0]
+    assert_node(toctree[0][0],
+                [compact_paragraph, reference, "Welcome to Sphinx Tests’s documentation!"])
+    assert_node(toctree[0][1][1],
+                ([compact_paragraph, reference, "Section for HTML"],
+                 [bullet_list, addnodes.toctree]))
+    assert_node(toctree[0][1][2],
+                ([compact_paragraph, reference, "subsection"],
+                 [bullet_list, list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "subsubsection"]))
+    assert_node(toctree[1][0],
+                [compact_paragraph, reference, "Test for issue #1157"])
+    assert_node(toctree[2][0],
+                [compact_paragraph, reference, "Indices and tables"])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml', testroot='toctree')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_environment_toctree_basic')
+def test_document_toc_tocdepth(app):
+    app.build()
+    toctree = document_toc(app.env, 'tocdepth', app.builder.tags)
+
+    assert_node(toctree,
+                [bullet_list, list_item, (compact_paragraph,  # [0][0]
+                                          bullet_list)])  # [0][1]
+    assert_node(toctree[0][0],
+                [compact_paragraph, reference, "level 1"])
+    assert_node(toctree[0][1],
+                [bullet_list, list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "level 2"])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml', testroot='toctree')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_environment_toctree_basic')
+def test_global_toctree_for_doc(app):
+    app.build()
+    toctree = global_toctree_for_doc(app.env, 'index', app.builder, collapse=False)
+    assert_node(toctree,
+                [compact_paragraph, ([title, "Table of Contents"],
+                                     bullet_list,
+                                     bullet_list,
+                                     bullet_list)])
+
+    assert_node(toctree[1],
+                ([list_item, ([compact_paragraph, reference, "foo"],
+                              bullet_list)],
+                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "bar"],
+                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "http://sphinx-doc.org/"],
+                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference,
+                  "Welcome to Sphinx Tests’s documentation!"]))
+    assert_node(toctree[1][0][1],
+                ([list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "quux"],
+                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "foo.1"],
+                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "foo.2"]))
+
+    assert_node(toctree[1][0][0][0], reference, refuri="foo", secnumber=[1])
+    assert_node(toctree[1][0][1][0][0][0], reference, refuri="quux", secnumber=[1, 1])
+    assert_node(toctree[1][0][1][1][0][0], reference, refuri="foo#foo-1", secnumber=[1, 2])
+    assert_node(toctree[1][0][1][2][0][0], reference, refuri="foo#foo-2", secnumber=[1, 3])
+    assert_node(toctree[1][1][0][0], reference, refuri="bar", secnumber=[2])
+    assert_node(toctree[1][2][0][0], reference, refuri="http://sphinx-doc.org/")
+    assert_node(toctree[1][3][0][0], reference, refuri="")
+
+    assert_node(toctree[2],
+                [bullet_list, list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "baz"])
+    assert_node(toctree[3],
+                ([list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "Latest reference"],
+                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "Python"]))
+    assert_node(toctree[3][0][0][0], reference, refuri="http://sphinx-doc.org/latest/")
+    assert_node(toctree[3][1][0][0], reference, refuri="http://python.org/")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml', testroot='toctree')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_environment_toctree_basic')
+def test_global_toctree_for_doc_collapse(app):
+    app.build()
+    toctree = global_toctree_for_doc(app.env, 'index', app.builder, collapse=True)
+    assert_node(toctree,
+                [compact_paragraph, ([title, "Table of Contents"],
+                                     bullet_list,
+                                     bullet_list,
+                                     bullet_list)])
+
+    assert_node(toctree[1],
+                ([list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "foo"],
+                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "bar"],
+                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "http://sphinx-doc.org/"],
+                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference,
+                  "Welcome to Sphinx Tests’s documentation!"]))
+    assert_node(toctree[1][0][0][0], reference, refuri="foo", secnumber=[1])
+    assert_node(toctree[1][1][0][0], reference, refuri="bar", secnumber=[2])
+    assert_node(toctree[1][2][0][0], reference, refuri="http://sphinx-doc.org/")
+    assert_node(toctree[1][3][0][0], reference, refuri="")
+
+    assert_node(toctree[2],
+                [bullet_list, list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "baz"])
+    assert_node(toctree[3],
+                ([list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "Latest reference"],
+                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "Python"]))
+    assert_node(toctree[3][0][0][0], reference, refuri="http://sphinx-doc.org/latest/")
+    assert_node(toctree[3][1][0][0], reference, refuri="http://python.org/")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml', testroot='toctree')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_environment_toctree_basic')
+def test_global_toctree_for_doc_maxdepth(app):
+    app.build()
+    toctree = global_toctree_for_doc(app.env, 'index', app.builder,
+                                     collapse=False, maxdepth=3)
+    assert_node(toctree,
+                [compact_paragraph, ([title, "Table of Contents"],
+                                     bullet_list,
+                                     bullet_list,
+                                     bullet_list)])
+
+    assert_node(toctree[1],
+                ([list_item, ([compact_paragraph, reference, "foo"],
+                              bullet_list)],
+                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "bar"],
+                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "http://sphinx-doc.org/"],
+                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference,
+                  "Welcome to Sphinx Tests’s documentation!"]))
+    assert_node(toctree[1][0][1],
+                ([list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "quux"],
+                 [list_item, ([compact_paragraph, reference, "foo.1"],
+                              bullet_list)],
+                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "foo.2"]))
+    assert_node(toctree[1][0][1][1][1],
+                [bullet_list, list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "foo.1-1"])
+
+    assert_node(toctree[1][0][0][0], reference, refuri="foo", secnumber=[1])
+    assert_node(toctree[1][0][1][0][0][0], reference, refuri="quux", secnumber=[1, 1])
+    assert_node(toctree[1][0][1][1][0][0], reference, refuri="foo#foo-1", secnumber=[1, 2])
+    assert_node(toctree[1][0][1][1][1][0][0][0],
+                reference, refuri="foo#foo-1-1", secnumber=[1, 2, 1])
+    assert_node(toctree[1][0][1][2][0][0], reference, refuri="foo#foo-2", secnumber=[1, 3])
+    assert_node(toctree[1][1][0][0], reference, refuri="bar", secnumber=[2])
+    assert_node(toctree[1][2][0][0], reference, refuri="http://sphinx-doc.org/")
+    assert_node(toctree[1][3][0][0], reference, refuri="")
+
+    assert_node(toctree[2],
+                [bullet_list, list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "baz"])
+    assert_node(toctree[3],
+                ([list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "Latest reference"],
+                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "Python"]))
+    assert_node(toctree[3][0][0][0], reference, refuri="http://sphinx-doc.org/latest/")
+    assert_node(toctree[3][1][0][0], reference, refuri="http://python.org/")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml', testroot='toctree')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_environment_toctree_basic')
+def test_global_toctree_for_doc_includehidden(app):
+    app.build()
+    toctree = global_toctree_for_doc(app.env, 'index', app.builder,
+                                     collapse=False, includehidden=False)
+    assert_node(toctree,
+                [compact_paragraph, ([title, "Table of Contents"],
+                                     bullet_list,
+                                     bullet_list)])
+
+    assert_node(toctree[1],
+                ([list_item, ([compact_paragraph, reference, "foo"],
+                              bullet_list)],
+                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "bar"],
+                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "http://sphinx-doc.org/"],
+                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference,
+                  "Welcome to Sphinx Tests’s documentation!"]))
+    assert_node(toctree[1][0][1],
+                ([list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "quux"],
+                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "foo.1"],
+                 [list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "foo.2"]))
+
+    assert_node(toctree[1][0][0][0], reference, refuri="foo", secnumber=[1])
+    assert_node(toctree[1][0][1][0][0][0], reference, refuri="quux", secnumber=[1, 1])
+    assert_node(toctree[1][0][1][1][0][0], reference, refuri="foo#foo-1", secnumber=[1, 2])
+    assert_node(toctree[1][0][1][2][0][0], reference, refuri="foo#foo-2", secnumber=[1, 3])
+    assert_node(toctree[1][1][0][0], reference, refuri="bar", secnumber=[2])
+    assert_node(toctree[1][2][0][0], reference, refuri="http://sphinx-doc.org/")
+
+    assert_node(toctree[2],
+                [bullet_list, list_item, compact_paragraph, reference, "baz"])
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml', testroot='toctree-index')
+def test_toctree_index(app):
+    app.build()
+    toctree = app.env.tocs['index']
+    assert_node(toctree,
+                [bullet_list, ([list_item, (compact_paragraph,  # [0][0]
+                                            [bullet_list, (addnodes.toctree,  # [0][1][0]
+                                                           addnodes.toctree)])])])  # [0][1][1]
+    assert_node(toctree[0][1][1], addnodes.toctree,
+                caption="Indices", glob=False, hidden=False,
+                titlesonly=False, maxdepth=-1, numbered=0,
+                entries=[(None, 'genindex'), (None, 'modindex'), (None, 'search')])
diff --git a/tests/test_errors.py b/tests/test_errors.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6378760
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_errors.py
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+from sphinx.errors import ExtensionError
+
+
+def test_extension_error_repr():
+    exc = ExtensionError("foo")
+    assert repr(exc) == "ExtensionError('foo')"
+
+
+def test_extension_error_with_orig_exc_repr():
+    exc = ExtensionError("foo", Exception("bar"))
+    assert repr(exc) == "ExtensionError('foo', Exception('bar'))"
diff --git a/tests/test_events.py b/tests/test_events.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d850a91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_events.py
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+"""Test the EventManager class."""
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx.errors import ExtensionError
+from sphinx.events import EventManager
+
+
+def test_event_priority():
+    result = []
+    events = EventManager(object())  # pass an dummy object as an app
+    events.connect('builder-inited', lambda app: result.append(1), priority = 500)
+    events.connect('builder-inited', lambda app: result.append(2), priority = 500)
+    events.connect('builder-inited', lambda app: result.append(3), priority = 200)  # earlier
+    events.connect('builder-inited', lambda app: result.append(4), priority = 700)  # later
+    events.connect('builder-inited', lambda app: result.append(5), priority = 500)
+
+    events.emit('builder-inited')
+    assert result == [3, 1, 2, 5, 4]
+
+
+class FakeApp:
+    def __init__(self, pdb: bool = False):
+        self.pdb = pdb
+
+
+def test_event_allowed_exceptions():
+    def raise_error(app):
+        raise RuntimeError
+
+    events = EventManager(FakeApp())  # pass an dummy object as an app
+    events.connect('builder-inited', raise_error, priority=500)
+
+    # all errors are converted to ExtensionError
+    with pytest.raises(ExtensionError):
+        events.emit('builder-inited')
+
+    # Allow RuntimeError (pass-through)
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
+        events.emit('builder-inited', allowed_exceptions=(RuntimeError,))
+
+
+def test_event_pdb():
+    def raise_error(app):
+        raise RuntimeError
+
+    events = EventManager(FakeApp(pdb=True))  # pass an dummy object as an app
+    events.connect('builder-inited', raise_error, priority=500)
+
+    # errors aren't converted
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
+        events.emit('builder-inited')
+
+    # Allow RuntimeError (pass-through)
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
+        events.emit('builder-inited', allowed_exceptions=(RuntimeError,))
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_apidoc.py b/tests/test_ext_apidoc.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1e089a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_ext_apidoc.py
@@ -0,0 +1,665 @@
+"""Test the sphinx.apidoc module."""
+
+import os.path
+from collections import namedtuple
+
+import pytest
+
+import sphinx.ext.apidoc
+from sphinx.ext.apidoc import main as apidoc_main
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def apidoc(rootdir, tmp_path, apidoc_params):
+    _, kwargs = apidoc_params
+    coderoot = rootdir / kwargs.get('coderoot', 'test-root')
+    outdir = tmp_path / 'out'
+    excludes = [str(coderoot / e) for e in kwargs.get('excludes', [])]
+    args = ['-o', str(outdir), '-F', str(coderoot)] + excludes + kwargs.get('options', [])
+    apidoc_main(args)
+    return namedtuple('apidoc', 'coderoot,outdir')(coderoot, outdir)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def apidoc_params(request):
+    pargs = {}
+    kwargs = {}
+
+    for info in reversed(list(request.node.iter_markers("apidoc"))):
+        for i, a in enumerate(info.args):
+            pargs[i] = a
+        kwargs.update(info.kwargs)
+
+    args = [pargs[i] for i in sorted(pargs.keys())]
+    return args, kwargs
+
+
+@pytest.mark.apidoc(coderoot='test-root')
+def test_simple(make_app, apidoc):
+    outdir = apidoc.outdir
+    assert (outdir / 'conf.py').is_file()
+    assert (outdir / 'index.rst').is_file()
+
+    app = make_app('text', srcdir=outdir)
+    app.build()
+    print(app._status.getvalue())
+    print(app._warning.getvalue())
+
+
+@pytest.mark.apidoc(
+    coderoot='test-apidoc-pep420/a',
+    options=["--implicit-namespaces"],
+)
+def test_pep_0420_enabled(make_app, apidoc):
+    outdir = apidoc.outdir
+    assert (outdir / 'conf.py').is_file()
+    assert (outdir / 'a.b.c.rst').is_file()
+    assert (outdir / 'a.b.e.rst').is_file()
+    assert (outdir / 'a.b.x.rst').is_file()
+
+    with open(outdir / 'a.b.c.rst', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        rst = f.read()
+        assert "automodule:: a.b.c.d\n" in rst
+        assert "automodule:: a.b.c\n" in rst
+
+    with open(outdir / 'a.b.e.rst', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        rst = f.read()
+        assert "automodule:: a.b.e.f\n" in rst
+
+    with open(outdir / 'a.b.x.rst', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        rst = f.read()
+        assert "automodule:: a.b.x.y\n" in rst
+        assert "automodule:: a.b.x\n" not in rst
+
+    app = make_app('text', srcdir=outdir)
+    app.build()
+    print(app._status.getvalue())
+    print(app._warning.getvalue())
+
+    builddir = outdir / '_build' / 'text'
+    assert (builddir / 'a.b.c.txt').is_file()
+    assert (builddir / 'a.b.e.txt').is_file()
+    assert (builddir / 'a.b.x.txt').is_file()
+
+    with open(builddir / 'a.b.c.txt', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        txt = f.read()
+        assert "a.b.c package\n" in txt
+
+    with open(builddir / 'a.b.e.txt', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        txt = f.read()
+        assert "a.b.e.f module\n" in txt
+
+    with open(builddir / 'a.b.x.txt', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        txt = f.read()
+        assert "a.b.x namespace\n" in txt
+
+
+@pytest.mark.apidoc(
+    coderoot='test-apidoc-pep420/a',
+    options=["--implicit-namespaces", "--separate"],
+)
+def test_pep_0420_enabled_separate(make_app, apidoc):
+    outdir = apidoc.outdir
+    assert (outdir / 'conf.py').is_file()
+    assert (outdir / 'a.b.c.rst').is_file()
+    assert (outdir / 'a.b.e.rst').is_file()
+    assert (outdir / 'a.b.e.f.rst').is_file()
+    assert (outdir / 'a.b.x.rst').is_file()
+    assert (outdir / 'a.b.x.y.rst').is_file()
+
+    with open(outdir / 'a.b.c.rst', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        rst = f.read()
+        assert ".. toctree::\n   :maxdepth: 4\n\n   a.b.c.d\n" in rst
+
+    with open(outdir / 'a.b.e.rst', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        rst = f.read()
+        assert ".. toctree::\n   :maxdepth: 4\n\n   a.b.e.f\n" in rst
+
+    with open(outdir / 'a.b.x.rst', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        rst = f.read()
+        assert ".. toctree::\n   :maxdepth: 4\n\n   a.b.x.y\n" in rst
+
+    app = make_app('text', srcdir=outdir)
+    app.build()
+    print(app._status.getvalue())
+    print(app._warning.getvalue())
+
+    builddir = outdir / '_build' / 'text'
+    assert (builddir / 'a.b.c.txt').is_file()
+    assert (builddir / 'a.b.e.txt').is_file()
+    assert (builddir / 'a.b.e.f.txt').is_file()
+    assert (builddir / 'a.b.x.txt').is_file()
+    assert (builddir / 'a.b.x.y.txt').is_file()
+
+    with open(builddir / 'a.b.c.txt', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        txt = f.read()
+        assert "a.b.c package\n" in txt
+
+    with open(builddir / 'a.b.e.f.txt', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        txt = f.read()
+        assert "a.b.e.f module\n" in txt
+
+    with open(builddir / 'a.b.x.txt', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        txt = f.read()
+        assert "a.b.x namespace\n" in txt
+
+
+@pytest.mark.apidoc(coderoot='test-apidoc-pep420/a')
+def test_pep_0420_disabled(make_app, apidoc):
+    outdir = apidoc.outdir
+    assert (outdir / 'conf.py').is_file()
+    assert not (outdir / 'a.b.c.rst').exists()
+    assert not (outdir / 'a.b.x.rst').exists()
+
+    app = make_app('text', srcdir=outdir)
+    app.build()
+    print(app._status.getvalue())
+    print(app._warning.getvalue())
+
+
+@pytest.mark.apidoc(
+    coderoot='test-apidoc-pep420/a/b')
+def test_pep_0420_disabled_top_level_verify(make_app, apidoc):
+    outdir = apidoc.outdir
+    assert (outdir / 'conf.py').is_file()
+    assert (outdir / 'c.rst').is_file()
+    assert not (outdir / 'x.rst').exists()
+
+    with open(outdir / 'c.rst', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        rst = f.read()
+        assert "c package\n" in rst
+        assert "automodule:: c.d\n" in rst
+        assert "automodule:: c\n" in rst
+
+    app = make_app('text', srcdir=outdir)
+    app.build()
+    print(app._status.getvalue())
+    print(app._warning.getvalue())
+
+
+@pytest.mark.apidoc(
+    coderoot='test-apidoc-trailing-underscore')
+def test_trailing_underscore(make_app, apidoc):
+    outdir = apidoc.outdir
+    assert (outdir / 'conf.py').is_file()
+    assert (outdir / 'package_.rst').is_file()
+
+    app = make_app('text', srcdir=outdir)
+    app.build()
+    print(app._status.getvalue())
+    print(app._warning.getvalue())
+
+    builddir = outdir / '_build' / 'text'
+    with open(builddir / 'package_.txt', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        rst = f.read()
+        assert "package_ package\n" in rst
+        assert "package_.module_ module\n" in rst
+
+
+@pytest.mark.apidoc(
+    coderoot='test-apidoc-pep420/a',
+    excludes=["b/c/d.py", "b/e/f.py", "b/e/__init__.py"],
+    options=["--implicit-namespaces", "--separate"],
+)
+def test_excludes(apidoc):
+    outdir = apidoc.outdir
+    assert (outdir / 'conf.py').is_file()
+    assert (outdir / 'a.rst').is_file()
+    assert (outdir / 'a.b.rst').is_file()
+    assert (outdir / 'a.b.c.rst').is_file()  # generated because not empty
+    assert not (outdir / 'a.b.e.rst').is_file()  # skipped because of empty after excludes
+    assert (outdir / 'a.b.x.rst').is_file()
+    assert (outdir / 'a.b.x.y.rst').is_file()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.apidoc(
+    coderoot='test-apidoc-pep420/a',
+    excludes=["b/e"],
+    options=["--implicit-namespaces", "--separate"],
+)
+def test_excludes_subpackage_should_be_skipped(apidoc):
+    """Subpackage exclusion should work."""
+    outdir = apidoc.outdir
+    assert (outdir / 'conf.py').is_file()
+    assert (outdir / 'a.rst').is_file()
+    assert (outdir / 'a.b.rst').is_file()
+    assert (outdir / 'a.b.c.rst').is_file()  # generated because not empty
+    assert not (outdir / 'a.b.e.f.rst').is_file()  # skipped because 'b/e' subpackage is skipped
+
+
+@pytest.mark.apidoc(
+    coderoot='test-apidoc-pep420/a',
+    excludes=["b/e/f.py"],
+    options=["--implicit-namespaces", "--separate"],
+)
+def test_excludes_module_should_be_skipped(apidoc):
+    """Module exclusion should work."""
+    outdir = apidoc.outdir
+    assert (outdir / 'conf.py').is_file()
+    assert (outdir / 'a.rst').is_file()
+    assert (outdir / 'a.b.rst').is_file()
+    assert (outdir / 'a.b.c.rst').is_file()  # generated because not empty
+    assert not (outdir / 'a.b.e.f.rst').is_file()  # skipped because of empty after excludes
+
+
+@pytest.mark.apidoc(
+    coderoot='test-apidoc-pep420/a',
+    excludes=[],
+    options=["--implicit-namespaces", "--separate"],
+)
+def test_excludes_module_should_not_be_skipped(apidoc):
+    """Module should be included if no excludes are used."""
+    outdir = apidoc.outdir
+    assert (outdir / 'conf.py').is_file()
+    assert (outdir / 'a.rst').is_file()
+    assert (outdir / 'a.b.rst').is_file()
+    assert (outdir / 'a.b.c.rst').is_file()  # generated because not empty
+    assert (outdir / 'a.b.e.f.rst').is_file()  # skipped because of empty after excludes
+
+
+@pytest.mark.apidoc(
+    coderoot='test-root',
+    options=[
+        '--doc-project', 'プロジェクト名',
+        '--doc-author', '著者名',
+        '--doc-version', 'バージョン',
+        '--doc-release', 'リリース',
+    ],
+)
+def test_multibyte_parameters(make_app, apidoc):
+    outdir = apidoc.outdir
+    assert (outdir / 'conf.py').is_file()
+    assert (outdir / 'index.rst').is_file()
+
+    conf_py = (outdir / 'conf.py').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert "project = 'プロジェクト名'" in conf_py
+    assert "author = '著者名'" in conf_py
+    assert "version = 'バージョン'" in conf_py
+    assert "release = 'リリース'" in conf_py
+
+    app = make_app('text', srcdir=outdir)
+    app.build()
+    print(app._status.getvalue())
+    print(app._warning.getvalue())
+
+
+@pytest.mark.apidoc(
+    coderoot='test-root',
+    options=['--ext-mathjax'],
+)
+def test_extension_parsed(make_app, apidoc):
+    outdir = apidoc.outdir
+    assert (outdir / 'conf.py').is_file()
+
+    with open(outdir / 'conf.py', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        rst = f.read()
+        assert "sphinx.ext.mathjax" in rst
+
+
+@pytest.mark.apidoc(
+    coderoot='test-apidoc-toc/mypackage',
+    options=["--implicit-namespaces"],
+)
+def test_toc_all_references_should_exist_pep420_enabled(make_app, apidoc):
+    """All references in toc should exist. This test doesn't say if
+       directories with empty __init__.py and and nothing else should be
+       skipped, just ensures consistency between what's referenced in the toc
+       and what is created. This is the variant with pep420 enabled.
+    """
+    outdir = apidoc.outdir
+    assert (outdir / 'conf.py').is_file()
+
+    toc = extract_toc(outdir / 'mypackage.rst')
+
+    refs = [l.strip() for l in toc.splitlines() if l.strip()]
+    found_refs = []
+    missing_files = []
+    for ref in refs:
+        if ref and ref[0] in (':', '#'):
+            continue
+        found_refs.append(ref)
+        filename = f"{ref}.rst"
+        if not (outdir / filename).is_file():
+            missing_files.append(filename)
+
+    assert len(missing_files) == 0, \
+        'File(s) referenced in TOC not found: {}\n' \
+        'TOC:\n{}'.format(", ".join(missing_files), toc)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.apidoc(
+    coderoot='test-apidoc-toc/mypackage',
+)
+def test_toc_all_references_should_exist_pep420_disabled(make_app, apidoc):
+    """All references in toc should exist. This test doesn't say if
+       directories with empty __init__.py and and nothing else should be
+       skipped, just ensures consistency between what's referenced in the toc
+       and what is created. This is the variant with pep420 disabled.
+    """
+    outdir = apidoc.outdir
+    assert (outdir / 'conf.py').is_file()
+
+    toc = extract_toc(outdir / 'mypackage.rst')
+
+    refs = [l.strip() for l in toc.splitlines() if l.strip()]
+    found_refs = []
+    missing_files = []
+    for ref in refs:
+        if ref and ref[0] in (':', '#'):
+            continue
+        filename = f"{ref}.rst"
+        found_refs.append(ref)
+        if not (outdir / filename).is_file():
+            missing_files.append(filename)
+
+    assert len(missing_files) == 0, \
+        'File(s) referenced in TOC not found: {}\n' \
+        'TOC:\n{}'.format(", ".join(missing_files), toc)
+
+
+def extract_toc(path):
+    """Helper: Extract toc section from package rst file"""
+    with open(path, encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        rst = f.read()
+
+    # Read out the part containing the toctree
+    toctree_start = "\n.. toctree::\n"
+    toctree_end = "\nSubmodules"
+
+    start_idx = rst.index(toctree_start)
+    end_idx = rst.index(toctree_end, start_idx)
+    toctree = rst[start_idx + len(toctree_start):end_idx]
+
+    return toctree
+
+
+@pytest.mark.apidoc(
+    coderoot='test-apidoc-subpackage-in-toc',
+    options=['--separate'],
+)
+def test_subpackage_in_toc(make_app, apidoc):
+    """Make sure that empty subpackages with non-empty subpackages in them
+       are not skipped (issue #4520)
+    """
+    outdir = apidoc.outdir
+    assert (outdir / 'conf.py').is_file()
+
+    assert (outdir / 'parent.rst').is_file()
+    with open(outdir / 'parent.rst', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        parent = f.read()
+    assert 'parent.child' in parent
+
+    assert (outdir / 'parent.child.rst').is_file()
+    with open(outdir / 'parent.child.rst', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        parent_child = f.read()
+    assert 'parent.child.foo' in parent_child
+
+    assert (outdir / 'parent.child.foo.rst').is_file()
+
+
+def test_private(tmp_path):
+    (tmp_path / 'hello.py').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
+    (tmp_path / '_world.py').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
+
+    # without --private option
+    apidoc_main(['-o', str(tmp_path), str(tmp_path)])
+    assert (tmp_path / 'hello.rst').exists()
+    assert ':private-members:' not in (tmp_path / 'hello.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert not (tmp_path / '_world.rst').exists()
+
+    # with --private option
+    apidoc_main(['--private', '-f', '-o', str(tmp_path), str(tmp_path)])
+    assert (tmp_path / 'hello.rst').exists()
+    assert ':private-members:' in (tmp_path / 'hello.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert (tmp_path / '_world.rst').exists()
+
+
+def test_toc_file(tmp_path):
+    outdir = tmp_path
+    (outdir / 'module').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    (outdir / 'example.py').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
+    (outdir / 'module' / 'example.py').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
+    apidoc_main(['-o', str(tmp_path), str(tmp_path)])
+    assert (outdir / 'modules.rst').exists()
+
+    content = (outdir / 'modules.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert content == ("test_toc_file0\n"
+                       "==============\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       ".. toctree::\n"
+                       "   :maxdepth: 4\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       "   example\n")
+
+
+def test_module_file(tmp_path):
+    outdir = tmp_path
+    (outdir / 'example.py').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
+    apidoc_main(['-o', str(tmp_path), str(tmp_path)])
+    assert (outdir / 'example.rst').exists()
+
+    content = (outdir / 'example.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert content == ("example module\n"
+                       "==============\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       ".. automodule:: example\n"
+                       "   :members:\n"
+                       "   :undoc-members:\n"
+                       "   :show-inheritance:\n")
+
+
+def test_module_file_noheadings(tmp_path):
+    outdir = tmp_path
+    (outdir / 'example.py').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
+    apidoc_main(['--no-headings', '-o', str(tmp_path), str(tmp_path)])
+    assert (outdir / 'example.rst').exists()
+
+    content = (outdir / 'example.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert content == (".. automodule:: example\n"
+                       "   :members:\n"
+                       "   :undoc-members:\n"
+                       "   :show-inheritance:\n")
+
+
+def test_package_file(tmp_path):
+    outdir = tmp_path
+    (outdir / 'testpkg').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    (outdir / 'testpkg' / '__init__.py').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
+    (outdir / 'testpkg' / 'hello.py').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
+    (outdir / 'testpkg' / 'world.py').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
+    (outdir / 'testpkg' / 'subpkg').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    (outdir / 'testpkg' / 'subpkg' / '__init__.py').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
+    apidoc_main(['-o', str(outdir), str(outdir / 'testpkg')])
+    assert (outdir / 'testpkg.rst').exists()
+    assert (outdir / 'testpkg.subpkg.rst').exists()
+
+    content = (outdir / 'testpkg.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert content == ("testpkg package\n"
+                       "===============\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       "Subpackages\n"
+                       "-----------\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       ".. toctree::\n"
+                       "   :maxdepth: 4\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       "   testpkg.subpkg\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       "Submodules\n"
+                       "----------\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       "testpkg.hello module\n"
+                       "--------------------\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       ".. automodule:: testpkg.hello\n"
+                       "   :members:\n"
+                       "   :undoc-members:\n"
+                       "   :show-inheritance:\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       "testpkg.world module\n"
+                       "--------------------\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       ".. automodule:: testpkg.world\n"
+                       "   :members:\n"
+                       "   :undoc-members:\n"
+                       "   :show-inheritance:\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       "Module contents\n"
+                       "---------------\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       ".. automodule:: testpkg\n"
+                       "   :members:\n"
+                       "   :undoc-members:\n"
+                       "   :show-inheritance:\n")
+
+    content = (outdir / 'testpkg.subpkg.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert content == ("testpkg.subpkg package\n"
+                       "======================\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       "Module contents\n"
+                       "---------------\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       ".. automodule:: testpkg.subpkg\n"
+                       "   :members:\n"
+                       "   :undoc-members:\n"
+                       "   :show-inheritance:\n")
+
+
+def test_package_file_separate(tmp_path):
+    outdir = tmp_path
+    (outdir / 'testpkg').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    (outdir / 'testpkg' / '__init__.py').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
+    (outdir / 'testpkg' / 'example.py').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
+    apidoc_main(['--separate', '-o', str(tmp_path), str(tmp_path / 'testpkg')])
+    assert (outdir / 'testpkg.rst').exists()
+    assert (outdir / 'testpkg.example.rst').exists()
+
+    content = (outdir / 'testpkg.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert content == ("testpkg package\n"
+                       "===============\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       "Submodules\n"
+                       "----------\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       ".. toctree::\n"
+                       "   :maxdepth: 4\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       "   testpkg.example\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       "Module contents\n"
+                       "---------------\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       ".. automodule:: testpkg\n"
+                       "   :members:\n"
+                       "   :undoc-members:\n"
+                       "   :show-inheritance:\n")
+
+    content = (outdir / 'testpkg.example.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert content == ("testpkg.example module\n"
+                       "======================\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       ".. automodule:: testpkg.example\n"
+                       "   :members:\n"
+                       "   :undoc-members:\n"
+                       "   :show-inheritance:\n")
+
+
+def test_package_file_module_first(tmp_path):
+    outdir = tmp_path
+    (outdir / 'testpkg').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    (outdir / 'testpkg' / '__init__.py').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
+    (outdir / 'testpkg' / 'example.py').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
+    apidoc_main(['--module-first', '-o', str(tmp_path), str(tmp_path)])
+
+    content = (outdir / 'testpkg.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert content == ("testpkg package\n"
+                       "===============\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       ".. automodule:: testpkg\n"
+                       "   :members:\n"
+                       "   :undoc-members:\n"
+                       "   :show-inheritance:\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       "Submodules\n"
+                       "----------\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       "testpkg.example module\n"
+                       "----------------------\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       ".. automodule:: testpkg.example\n"
+                       "   :members:\n"
+                       "   :undoc-members:\n"
+                       "   :show-inheritance:\n")
+
+
+def test_package_file_without_submodules(tmp_path):
+    outdir = tmp_path
+    (outdir / 'testpkg').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    (outdir / 'testpkg' / '__init__.py').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
+    apidoc_main(['-o', str(tmp_path), str(tmp_path / 'testpkg')])
+    assert (outdir / 'testpkg.rst').exists()
+
+    content = (outdir / 'testpkg.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert content == ("testpkg package\n"
+                       "===============\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       "Module contents\n"
+                       "---------------\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       ".. automodule:: testpkg\n"
+                       "   :members:\n"
+                       "   :undoc-members:\n"
+                       "   :show-inheritance:\n")
+
+
+def test_namespace_package_file(tmp_path):
+    outdir = tmp_path
+    (outdir / 'testpkg').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    (outdir / 'testpkg' / 'example.py').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
+    apidoc_main(['--implicit-namespace', '-o', str(tmp_path), str(tmp_path / 'testpkg')])
+    assert (outdir / 'testpkg.rst').exists()
+
+    content = (outdir / 'testpkg.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert content == ("testpkg namespace\n"
+                       "=================\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       ".. py:module:: testpkg\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       "Submodules\n"
+                       "----------\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       "testpkg.example module\n"
+                       "----------------------\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       ".. automodule:: testpkg.example\n"
+                       "   :members:\n"
+                       "   :undoc-members:\n"
+                       "   :show-inheritance:\n")
+
+
+def test_no_duplicates(rootdir, tmp_path):
+    """Make sure that a ".pyx" and ".so" don't cause duplicate listings.
+
+    We can't use pytest.mark.apidoc here as we use a different set of arguments
+    to apidoc_main
+    """
+
+    original_suffixes = sphinx.ext.apidoc.PY_SUFFIXES
+    try:
+        # Ensure test works on Windows
+        sphinx.ext.apidoc.PY_SUFFIXES += ('.so',)
+
+        package = rootdir / 'test-apidoc-duplicates' / 'fish_licence'
+        outdir = tmp_path / 'out'
+        apidoc_main(['-o', str(outdir), "-T", str(package), "--implicit-namespaces"])
+
+        # Ensure the module has been documented
+        assert os.path.isfile(outdir / 'fish_licence.rst')
+
+        # Ensure the submodule only appears once
+        text = (outdir / 'fish_licence.rst').read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+        count_submodules = text.count(r'fish\_licence.halibut module')
+        assert count_submodules == 1
+
+    finally:
+        sphinx.ext.apidoc.PY_SUFFIXES = original_suffixes
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_autodoc.py b/tests/test_ext_autodoc.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7062763
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_ext_autodoc.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2537 @@
+"""Test the autodoc extension.
+
+This tests mainly the Documenters; the auto directives are tested in a test
+source file translated by test_build.
+"""
+
+import sys
+from types import SimpleNamespace
+from unittest.mock import Mock
+from warnings import catch_warnings
+
+import pytest
+from docutils.statemachine import ViewList
+
+from sphinx import addnodes
+from sphinx.ext.autodoc import ALL, ModuleLevelDocumenter, Options
+from sphinx.ext.autodoc.directive import DocumenterBridge, process_documenter_options
+from sphinx.util.docutils import LoggingReporter
+
+try:
+    # Enable pyximport to test cython module
+    import pyximport
+    pyximport.install()
+except ImportError:
+    pyximport = None
+
+
+def do_autodoc(app, objtype, name, options=None):
+    if options is None:
+        options = {}
+    app.env.temp_data.setdefault('docname', 'index')  # set dummy docname
+    doccls = app.registry.documenters[objtype]
+    docoptions = process_documenter_options(doccls, app.config, options)
+    state = Mock()
+    state.document.settings.tab_width = 8
+    bridge = DocumenterBridge(app.env, LoggingReporter(''), docoptions, 1, state)
+    documenter = doccls(bridge, name)
+    documenter.generate()
+
+    return bridge.result
+
+
+def make_directive_bridge(env):
+    options = Options(
+        inherited_members = False,
+        undoc_members = False,
+        private_members = False,
+        special_members = False,
+        imported_members = False,
+        show_inheritance = False,
+        no_index = False,
+        annotation = None,
+        synopsis = '',
+        platform = '',
+        deprecated = False,
+        members = [],
+        member_order = 'alphabetical',
+        exclude_members = set(),
+        ignore_module_all = False,
+    )
+
+    directive = SimpleNamespace(
+        env = env,
+        genopt = options,
+        result = ViewList(),
+        record_dependencies = set(),
+        state = Mock(),
+    )
+    directive.state.document.settings.tab_width = 8
+
+    return directive
+
+
+processed_signatures = []
+
+
+def process_signature(app, what, name, obj, options, args, retann):
+    processed_signatures.append((what, name))
+    if name == 'bar':
+        return '42', None
+    return None
+
+
+def skip_member(app, what, name, obj, skip, options):
+    if name in ('__special1__', '__special2__'):
+        return skip
+    if name.startswith('__'):
+        return True
+    if name == 'skipmeth':
+        return True
+    return None
+
+
+def test_parse_name(app):
+    def verify(objtype, name, result):
+        inst = app.registry.documenters[objtype](directive, name)
+        assert inst.parse_name()
+        assert (inst.modname, inst.objpath, inst.args, inst.retann) == result
+
+    directive = make_directive_bridge(app.env)
+
+    # for modules
+    verify('module', 'test_ext_autodoc', ('test_ext_autodoc', [], None, None))
+    verify('module', 'test.test_ext_autodoc', ('test.test_ext_autodoc', [], None, None))
+    verify('module', 'test(arg)', ('test', [], 'arg', None))
+    assert 'signature arguments' in app._warning.getvalue()
+
+    # for functions/classes
+    verify('function', 'test_ext_autodoc.raises',
+           ('test_ext_autodoc', ['raises'], None, None))
+    verify('function', 'test_ext_autodoc.raises(exc) -> None',
+           ('test_ext_autodoc', ['raises'], 'exc', 'None'))
+    directive.env.temp_data['autodoc:module'] = 'test_ext_autodoc'
+    verify('function', 'raises', ('test_ext_autodoc', ['raises'], None, None))
+    del directive.env.temp_data['autodoc:module']
+    directive.env.ref_context['py:module'] = 'test_ext_autodoc'
+    verify('function', 'raises', ('test_ext_autodoc', ['raises'], None, None))
+    verify('class', 'Base', ('test_ext_autodoc', ['Base'], None, None))
+
+    # for members
+    directive.env.ref_context['py:module'] = 'sphinx.testing.util'
+    verify('method', 'SphinxTestApp.cleanup',
+           ('sphinx.testing.util', ['SphinxTestApp', 'cleanup'], None, None))
+    directive.env.ref_context['py:module'] = 'sphinx.testing.util'
+    directive.env.ref_context['py:class'] = 'Foo'
+    directive.env.temp_data['autodoc:class'] = 'SphinxTestApp'
+    verify('method', 'cleanup',
+           ('sphinx.testing.util', ['SphinxTestApp', 'cleanup'], None, None))
+    verify('method', 'SphinxTestApp.cleanup',
+           ('sphinx.testing.util', ['SphinxTestApp', 'cleanup'], None, None))
+
+
+def test_format_signature(app):
+    app.connect('autodoc-process-signature', process_signature)
+    app.connect('autodoc-skip-member', skip_member)
+
+    directive = make_directive_bridge(app.env)
+
+    def formatsig(objtype, name, obj, args, retann):
+        inst = app.registry.documenters[objtype](directive, name)
+        inst.fullname = name
+        inst.doc_as_attr = False  # for class objtype
+        inst.parent = object  # dummy
+        inst.object = obj
+        inst.objpath = [name]
+        inst.args = args
+        inst.retann = retann
+        res = inst.format_signature()
+        print(res)
+        return res
+
+    # no signatures for modules
+    assert formatsig('module', 'test', None, None, None) == ''
+
+    # test for functions
+    def f(a, b, c=1, **d):
+        pass
+
+    def g(a='\n'):
+        pass
+    assert formatsig('function', 'f', f, None, None) == '(a, b, c=1, **d)'
+    assert formatsig('function', 'f', f, 'a, b, c, d', None) == '(a, b, c, d)'
+    assert formatsig('function', 'g', g, None, None) == r"(a='\n')"
+
+    # test for classes
+    class D:
+        pass
+
+    class E:
+        def __init__(self):
+            pass
+
+    # an empty init and no init are the same
+    for C in (D, E):
+        assert formatsig('class', 'D', C, None, None) == '()'
+
+    class SomeMeta(type):
+        def __call__(cls, a, b=None):
+            return type.__call__(cls, a, b)
+
+    # these three are all equivalent
+    class F:
+        def __init__(self, a, b=None):
+            pass
+
+    class FNew:
+        def __new__(cls, a, b=None):
+            return super().__new__(cls)
+
+    class FMeta(metaclass=SomeMeta):
+        pass
+
+    # and subclasses should always inherit
+    class G(F):
+        pass
+
+    class GNew(FNew):
+        pass
+
+    class GMeta(FMeta):
+        pass
+
+    # subclasses inherit
+    for C in (F, FNew, FMeta, G, GNew, GMeta):
+        assert formatsig('class', 'C', C, None, None) == '(a, b=None)'
+    assert formatsig('class', 'C', D, 'a, b', 'X') == '(a, b) -> X'
+
+    class ListSubclass(list):
+        pass
+
+    # only supported if the python implementation decides to document it
+    if getattr(list, '__text_signature__', None) is not None:
+        assert formatsig('class', 'C', ListSubclass, None, None) == '(iterable=(), /)'
+    else:
+        assert formatsig('class', 'C', ListSubclass, None, None) == ''
+
+    class ExceptionSubclass(Exception):
+        pass
+
+    # Exception has no __text_signature__ at least in Python 3.11
+    if getattr(Exception, '__text_signature__', None) is None:
+        assert formatsig('class', 'C', ExceptionSubclass, None, None) == ''
+
+    # __init__ have signature at first line of docstring
+    directive.env.config.autoclass_content = 'both'
+
+    class F2:
+        """some docstring for F2."""
+        def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
+            """
+            __init__(a1, a2, kw1=True, kw2=False)
+
+            some docstring for __init__.
+            """
+    class G2(F2):
+        pass
+
+    assert formatsig('class', 'F2', F2, None, None) == \
+        '(a1, a2, kw1=True, kw2=False)'
+    assert formatsig('class', 'G2', G2, None, None) == \
+        '(a1, a2, kw1=True, kw2=False)'
+
+    # test for methods
+    class H:
+        def foo1(self, b, *c):
+            pass
+
+        def foo2(b, *c):
+            pass
+
+        def foo3(self, d='\n'):
+            pass
+    assert formatsig('method', 'H.foo', H.foo1, None, None) == '(b, *c)'
+    assert formatsig('method', 'H.foo', H.foo1, 'a', None) == '(a)'
+    assert formatsig('method', 'H.foo', H.foo2, None, None) == '(*c)'
+    assert formatsig('method', 'H.foo', H.foo3, None, None) == r"(d='\n')"
+
+    # test bound methods interpreted as functions
+    assert formatsig('function', 'foo', H().foo1, None, None) == '(b, *c)'
+    assert formatsig('function', 'foo', H().foo2, None, None) == '(*c)'
+    assert formatsig('function', 'foo', H().foo3, None, None) == r"(d='\n')"
+
+    # test exception handling (exception is caught and args is '')
+    directive.env.config.autodoc_docstring_signature = False
+    assert formatsig('function', 'int', int, None, None) == ''
+
+    # test processing by event handler
+    assert formatsig('method', 'bar', H.foo1, None, None) == '42'
+
+    # test functions created via functools.partial
+    from functools import partial
+    curried1 = partial(lambda a, b, c: None, 'A')
+    assert formatsig('function', 'curried1', curried1, None, None) == \
+        '(b, c)'
+    curried2 = partial(lambda a, b, c=42: None, 'A')
+    assert formatsig('function', 'curried2', curried2, None, None) == \
+        '(b, c=42)'
+    curried3 = partial(lambda a, b, *c: None, 'A')
+    assert formatsig('function', 'curried3', curried3, None, None) == \
+        '(b, *c)'
+    curried4 = partial(lambda a, b, c=42, *d, **e: None, 'A')
+    assert formatsig('function', 'curried4', curried4, None, None) == \
+        '(b, c=42, *d, **e)'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_process_signature_typing_generic(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.generic_class.A', {})
+
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: A(a, b=None)',
+        '   :module: target.generic_class',
+        '',
+        '   docstring for A',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+def test_autodoc_process_signature_typehints(app):
+    captured = []
+
+    def process_signature(*args):
+        captured.append(args)
+
+    app.connect('autodoc-process-signature', process_signature)
+
+    def func(x: int, y: int) -> int:
+        pass
+
+    directive = make_directive_bridge(app.env)
+    inst = app.registry.documenters['function'](directive, 'func')
+    inst.fullname = 'func'
+    inst.object = func
+    inst.objpath = ['func']
+    inst.format_signature()
+    assert captured == [(app, 'function', 'func', func,
+                         directive.genopt, '(x: int, y: int)', 'int')]
+
+
+def test_get_doc(app):
+    directive = make_directive_bridge(app.env)
+
+    def getdocl(objtype, obj):
+        inst = app.registry.documenters[objtype](directive, 'tmp')
+        inst.parent = object  # dummy
+        inst.object = obj
+        inst.objpath = [obj.__name__]
+        inst.doc_as_attr = False
+        inst.format_signature()  # handle docstring signatures!
+        ds = inst.get_doc()
+        # for testing purposes, concat them and strip the empty line at the end
+        res = sum(ds, [])[:-1]
+        print(res)
+        return res
+
+    # objects without docstring
+    def f():
+        pass
+    assert getdocl('function', f) == []
+
+    # standard function, diverse docstring styles...
+    def f():
+        """Docstring"""
+    def g():
+        """
+        Docstring
+        """
+    for func in (f, g):
+        assert getdocl('function', func) == ['Docstring']
+
+    # first line vs. other lines indentation
+    def f():
+        """First line
+
+        Other
+          lines
+        """
+    assert getdocl('function', f) == ['First line', '', 'Other', '  lines']
+
+    # charset guessing (this module is encoded in utf-8)
+    def f():
+        """Döcstring"""
+    assert getdocl('function', f) == ['Döcstring']
+
+    # verify that method docstrings get extracted in both normal case
+    # and in case of bound method posing as a function
+    class J:
+        def foo(self):
+            """Method docstring"""
+    assert getdocl('method', J.foo) == ['Method docstring']
+    assert getdocl('function', J().foo) == ['Method docstring']
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_new_documenter(app):
+    class MyDocumenter(ModuleLevelDocumenter):
+        objtype = 'integer'
+        directivetype = 'integer'
+        priority = 100
+
+        @classmethod
+        def can_document_member(cls, member, membername, isattr, parent):
+            return isinstance(member, int)
+
+        def document_members(self, all_members=False):
+            return
+
+    app.add_autodocumenter(MyDocumenter)
+
+    options = {"members": 'integer'}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:integer:: integer',
+        '   :module: target',
+        '',
+        '   documentation for the integer',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_attrgetter_using(app):
+    directive = make_directive_bridge(app.env)
+    directive.genopt['members'] = ALL
+
+    directive.genopt['inherited_members'] = False
+    with catch_warnings(record=True):
+        _assert_getter_works(app, directive, 'class', 'target.Class', ['meth'])
+
+    directive.genopt['inherited_members'] = True
+    with catch_warnings(record=True):
+        _assert_getter_works(app, directive, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Derived', ['inheritedmeth'])
+
+
+def _assert_getter_works(app, directive, objtype, name, attrs=(), **kw):
+    getattr_spy = []
+
+    def _special_getattr(obj, attr_name, *defargs):
+        if attr_name in attrs:
+            getattr_spy.append((obj, attr_name))
+            return None
+        return getattr(obj, attr_name, *defargs)
+
+    app.add_autodoc_attrgetter(type, _special_getattr)
+
+    getattr_spy.clear()
+    app.registry.documenters[objtype](directive, name).generate(**kw)
+
+    hooked_members = {s[1] for s in getattr_spy}
+    documented_members = {s[1] for s in processed_signatures}
+    for attr in attrs:
+        fullname = '.'.join((name, attr))
+        assert attr in hooked_members
+        assert fullname not in documented_members, f'{fullname!r} not intercepted'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_py_module(app, warning):
+    # without py:module
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'method', 'Class.meth')
+    assert list(actual) == []
+    assert ("don't know which module to import for autodocumenting 'Class.meth'"
+            in warning.getvalue())
+
+    # with py:module
+    app.env.ref_context['py:module'] = 'target'
+    warning.truncate(0)
+
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'method', 'Class.meth')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:method:: Class.meth()',
+        '   :module: target',
+        '',
+        '   Function.',
+        '',
+    ]
+    assert ("don't know which module to import for autodocumenting 'Class.meth'"
+            not in warning.getvalue())
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_decorator(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'decorator', 'target.decorator.deco1')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:decorator:: deco1',
+        '   :module: target.decorator',
+        '',
+        '   docstring for deco1',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'decorator', 'target.decorator.deco2')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:decorator:: deco2(condition, message)',
+        '   :module: target.decorator',
+        '',
+        '   docstring for deco2',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_exception(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'exception', 'target.CustomEx')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:exception:: CustomEx',
+        '   :module: target',
+        '',
+        '   My custom exception.',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_warnings(app, warning):
+    app.env.temp_data['docname'] = 'dummy'
+
+    # can't import module
+    do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'unknown')
+    assert "failed to import module 'unknown'" in warning.getvalue()
+
+    # missing function
+    do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'unknown')
+    assert "import for autodocumenting 'unknown'" in warning.getvalue()
+
+    do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.unknown')
+    assert "failed to import function 'unknown' from module 'target'" in warning.getvalue()
+
+    # missing method
+    do_autodoc(app, 'method', 'target.Class.unknown')
+    assert "failed to import method 'Class.unknown' from module 'target'" in warning.getvalue()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_attributes(app):
+    options = {"synopsis": 'Synopsis',
+               "platform": "Platform",
+               "deprecated": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target',
+        '   :synopsis: Synopsis',
+        '   :platform: Platform',
+        '   :deprecated:',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_members(app):
+    # default (no-members)
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Base')
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:class:: Base()',
+    ]
+
+    # default ALL-members
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Base', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:class:: Base()',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Base.inheritedattr',
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedclassmeth()',
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedmeth()',
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedstaticmeth(cls)',
+    ]
+
+    # default specific-members
+    options = {"members": "inheritedmeth,inheritedstaticmeth"}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Base', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:class:: Base()',
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedmeth()',
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedstaticmeth(cls)',
+    ]
+
+    # ALL-members override autodoc_default_options
+    options = {"members": None}
+    app.config.autodoc_default_options["members"] = "inheritedstaticmeth"
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Base', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:class:: Base()',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Base.inheritedattr',
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedclassmeth()',
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedmeth()',
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedstaticmeth(cls)',
+    ]
+
+    # members override autodoc_default_options
+    options = {"members": "inheritedmeth"}
+    app.config.autodoc_default_options["members"] = "inheritedstaticmeth"
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Base', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:class:: Base()',
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedmeth()',
+    ]
+
+    # members extends autodoc_default_options
+    options = {"members": "+inheritedmeth"}
+    app.config.autodoc_default_options["members"] = "inheritedstaticmeth"
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Base', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:class:: Base()',
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedmeth()',
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedstaticmeth(cls)',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_exclude_members(app):
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "exclude-members": "inheritedmeth,inheritedstaticmeth"}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Base', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:class:: Base()',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Base.inheritedattr',
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedclassmeth()',
+    ]
+
+    # members vs exclude-members
+    options = {"members": "inheritedmeth",
+               "exclude-members": "inheritedmeth"}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Base', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:class:: Base()',
+    ]
+
+    # + has no effect when autodoc_default_options are not present
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "exclude-members": "+inheritedmeth,inheritedstaticmeth"}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Base', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:class:: Base()',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Base.inheritedattr',
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedclassmeth()',
+    ]
+
+    # exclude-members overrides autodoc_default_options
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "exclude-members": "inheritedmeth"}
+    app.config.autodoc_default_options["exclude-members"] = "inheritedstaticmeth"
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Base', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:class:: Base()',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Base.inheritedattr',
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedclassmeth()',
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedstaticmeth(cls)',
+    ]
+
+    # exclude-members extends autodoc_default_options
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "exclude-members": "+inheritedmeth"}
+    app.config.autodoc_default_options["exclude-members"] = "inheritedstaticmeth"
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Base', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:class:: Base()',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Base.inheritedattr',
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedclassmeth()',
+    ]
+
+    # no exclude-members causes use autodoc_default_options
+    options = {"members": None}
+    app.config.autodoc_default_options["exclude-members"] = "inheritedstaticmeth,inheritedmeth"
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Base', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:class:: Base()',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Base.inheritedattr',
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedclassmeth()',
+    ]
+
+    # empty exclude-members cancels autodoc_default_options
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "exclude-members": None}
+    app.config.autodoc_default_options["exclude-members"] = "inheritedstaticmeth,inheritedmeth"
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Base', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:class:: Base()',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Base.inheritedattr',
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedclassmeth()',
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedmeth()',
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedstaticmeth(cls)',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_undoc_members(app):
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "undoc-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.Class', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:class:: Class(arg)',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.attr',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.docattr',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.excludemeth()',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_comment',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_inline',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_string',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.mdocattr',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.meth()',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.moore(a, e, f) -> happiness',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.roger(a, *, b=2, c=3, d=4, e=5, f=6)',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.skipattr',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.skipmeth()',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.udocattr',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.undocmeth()',
+    ]
+
+    # use autodoc_default_options
+    options = {"members": None}
+    app.config.autodoc_default_options["undoc-members"] = None
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.Class', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:class:: Class(arg)',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.attr',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.docattr',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.excludemeth()',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_comment',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_inline',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_string',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.mdocattr',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.meth()',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.moore(a, e, f) -> happiness',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.roger(a, *, b=2, c=3, d=4, e=5, f=6)',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.skipattr',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.skipmeth()',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.udocattr',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.undocmeth()',
+    ]
+
+    # options negation work check
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "no-undoc-members": None}
+    app.config.autodoc_default_options["undoc-members"] = None
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.Class', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:class:: Class(arg)',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.attr',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.docattr',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.excludemeth()',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_comment',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_inline',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_string',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.mdocattr',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.meth()',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.moore(a, e, f) -> happiness',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.skipmeth()',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.udocattr',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_undoc_members_for_metadata_only(app):
+    # metadata only member is not displayed
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.metadata', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.metadata',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+    # metadata only member is displayed when undoc-member given
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "undoc-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.metadata', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.metadata',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: foo()',
+        '   :module: target.metadata',
+        '',
+        '   :meta metadata-only-docstring:',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_inherited_members(app):
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "inherited-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Derived', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: 'method::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '   .. py:method:: Derived.inheritedclassmeth()',
+        '   .. py:method:: Derived.inheritedmeth()',
+        '   .. py:method:: Derived.inheritedstaticmeth(cls)',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_inherited_members_Base(app):
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "inherited-members": "Base",
+               "special-members": None}
+
+    # check methods for object class are shown
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Derived', options)
+    assert '   .. py:method:: Derived.inheritedmeth()' in actual
+    assert '   .. py:method:: Derived.inheritedclassmeth' not in actual
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_inherited_members_None(app):
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "inherited-members": "None",
+               "special-members": None}
+
+    # check methods for object class are shown
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Derived', options)
+    assert '   .. py:method:: Derived.__init__()' in actual
+    assert '   .. py:method:: Derived.__str__()' in actual
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_imported_members(app):
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "imported-members": None,
+               "ignore-module-all": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target', options)
+    assert '.. py:function:: function_to_be_imported(app: ~sphinx.application.Sphinx | None) -> str' in actual
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_special_members(app):
+    # specific special methods
+    options = {"undoc-members": None,
+               "special-members": "__init__,__special1__"}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.Class', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:class:: Class(arg)',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.__init__(arg)',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.__special1__()',
+    ]
+
+    # combination with specific members
+    options = {"members": "attr,docattr",
+               "undoc-members": None,
+               "special-members": "__init__,__special1__"}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.Class', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:class:: Class(arg)',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.__init__(arg)',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.__special1__()',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.attr',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.docattr',
+    ]
+
+    # all special methods
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "undoc-members": None,
+               "special-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.Class', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:class:: Class(arg)',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.__annotations__',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.__dict__',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.__init__(arg)',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.__module__',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.__special1__()',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.__special2__()',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.__weakref__',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.attr',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.docattr',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.excludemeth()',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_comment',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_inline',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_string',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.mdocattr',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.meth()',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.moore(a, e, f) -> happiness',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.roger(a, *, b=2, c=3, d=4, e=5, f=6)',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.skipattr',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.skipmeth()',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.udocattr',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.undocmeth()',
+    ]
+
+    # specific special methods from autodoc_default_options
+    options = {"undoc-members": None}
+    app.config.autodoc_default_options["special-members"] = "__special2__"
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.Class', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:class:: Class(arg)',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.__special2__()',
+    ]
+
+    # specific special methods option with autodoc_default_options
+    options = {"undoc-members": None,
+               "special-members": "__init__,__special1__"}
+    app.config.autodoc_default_options["special-members"] = "__special2__"
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.Class', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:class:: Class(arg)',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.__init__(arg)',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.__special1__()',
+    ]
+
+    # specific special methods merge with autodoc_default_options
+    options = {"undoc-members": None,
+               "special-members": "+__init__,__special1__"}
+    app.config.autodoc_default_options["special-members"] = "__special2__"
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.Class', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:class:: Class(arg)',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.__init__(arg)',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.__special1__()',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.__special2__()',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_ignore_module_all(app):
+    # default (no-ignore-module-all)
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: 'class::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:class:: Class(arg)',
+    ]
+
+    # ignore-module-all
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "ignore-module-all": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: 'class::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:class:: Class(arg)',
+        '.. py:class:: CustomDict',
+        '.. py:class:: InnerChild()',
+        '.. py:class:: InstAttCls()',
+        '.. py:class:: Outer()',
+        '   .. py:class:: Outer.Inner()',
+        '.. py:class:: StrRepr',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_noindex(app):
+    options = {"no-index": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target',
+        '   :no-index:',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+    # TODO: :no-index: should be propagated to children of target item.
+
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Base', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Base()',
+        '   :no-index:',
+        '   :module: target.inheritance',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_subclass_of_builtin_class(app):
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.CustomDict', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: CustomDict',
+        '   :module: target',
+        '',
+        '   Docstring.',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_inner_class(app):
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.Outer', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Outer()',
+        '   :module: target',
+        '',
+        '   Foo',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:class:: Outer.Inner()',
+        '      :module: target',
+        '',
+        '      Foo',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '      .. py:method:: Outer.Inner.meth()',
+        '         :module: target',
+        '',
+        '         Foo',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Outer.factory',
+        '      :module: target',
+        '',
+        '      alias of :py:class:`dict`',
+    ]
+
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.Outer.Inner', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Inner()',
+        '   :module: target.Outer',
+        '',
+        '   Foo',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Inner.meth()',
+        '      :module: target.Outer',
+        '',
+        '      Foo',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+    options['show-inheritance'] = None
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.InnerChild', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: InnerChild()',
+        '   :module: target', '',
+        '   Bases: :py:class:`~target.Outer.Inner`',
+        '',
+        '   InnerChild docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_classmethod(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'method', 'target.inheritance.Base.inheritedclassmeth')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:method:: Base.inheritedclassmeth()',
+        '   :module: target.inheritance',
+        '   :classmethod:',
+        '',
+        '   Inherited class method.',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_staticmethod(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'method', 'target.inheritance.Base.inheritedstaticmeth')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:method:: Base.inheritedstaticmeth(cls)',
+        '   :module: target.inheritance',
+        '   :staticmethod:',
+        '',
+        '   Inherited static method.',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_descriptor(app):
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "undoc-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.descriptor.Class', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Class()',
+        '   :module: target.descriptor',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.descr',
+        '      :module: target.descriptor',
+        '',
+        '      Descriptor instance docstring.',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:property:: Class.prop',
+        '      :module: target.descriptor',
+        '',
+        '      Property.',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_cached_property(app):
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "undoc-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.cached_property.Foo', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Foo()',
+        '   :module: target.cached_property',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:property:: Foo.prop',
+        '      :module: target.cached_property',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:property:: Foo.prop_with_type_comment',
+        '      :module: target.cached_property',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_member_order(app):
+    # case member-order='bysource'
+    options = {"members": None,
+               'member-order': 'bysource',
+               "undoc-members": None,
+               'private-members': None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.Class', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:class:: Class(arg)',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.meth()',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.undocmeth()',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.skipmeth()',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.excludemeth()',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.skipattr',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.attr',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.docattr',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.udocattr',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.mdocattr',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.roger(a, *, b=2, c=3, d=4, e=5, f=6)',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.moore(a, e, f) -> happiness',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_inline',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_comment',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_string',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class._private_inst_attr',
+    ]
+
+    # case member-order='groupwise'
+    options = {"members": None,
+               'member-order': 'groupwise',
+               "undoc-members": None,
+               'private-members': None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.Class', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:class:: Class(arg)',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.excludemeth()',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.meth()',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.moore(a, e, f) -> happiness',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.roger(a, *, b=2, c=3, d=4, e=5, f=6)',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.skipmeth()',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.undocmeth()',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class._private_inst_attr',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.attr',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.docattr',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_comment',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_inline',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_string',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.mdocattr',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.skipattr',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.udocattr',
+    ]
+
+    # case member-order=None
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "undoc-members": None,
+               'private-members': None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.Class', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:class:: Class(arg)',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class._private_inst_attr',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.attr',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.docattr',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.excludemeth()',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_comment',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_inline',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_string',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.mdocattr',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.meth()',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.moore(a, e, f) -> happiness',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.roger(a, *, b=2, c=3, d=4, e=5, f=6)',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.skipattr',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.skipmeth()',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.udocattr',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.undocmeth()',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_module_member_order(app):
+    # case member-order='bysource'
+    options = {"members": 'foo, Bar, baz, qux, Quux, foobar',
+               'member-order': 'bysource',
+               "undoc-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.sort_by_all', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:module:: target.sort_by_all',
+        '.. py:function:: baz()',
+        '.. py:function:: foo()',
+        '.. py:class:: Bar()',
+        '.. py:class:: Quux()',
+        '.. py:function:: foobar()',
+        '.. py:function:: qux()',
+    ]
+
+    # case member-order='bysource' and ignore-module-all
+    options = {"members": 'foo, Bar, baz, qux, Quux, foobar',
+               'member-order': 'bysource',
+               "undoc-members": None,
+               "ignore-module-all": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.sort_by_all', options)
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:module:: target.sort_by_all',
+        '.. py:function:: foo()',
+        '.. py:class:: Bar()',
+        '.. py:function:: baz()',
+        '.. py:function:: qux()',
+        '.. py:class:: Quux()',
+        '.. py:function:: foobar()',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_module_scope(app):
+    app.env.temp_data['autodoc:module'] = 'target'
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'attribute', 'Class.mdocattr')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:attribute:: Class.mdocattr',
+        '   :module: target',
+        '   :value: <_io.StringIO object>',
+        '',
+        '   should be documented as well - süß',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_class_scope(app):
+    app.env.temp_data['autodoc:module'] = 'target'
+    app.env.temp_data['autodoc:class'] = 'Class'
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'attribute', 'mdocattr')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:attribute:: Class.mdocattr',
+        '   :module: target',
+        '   :value: <_io.StringIO object>',
+        '',
+        '   should be documented as well - süß',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_class_attributes(app):
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "undoc-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.AttCls', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: AttCls()',
+        '   :module: target',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: AttCls.a1',
+        '      :module: target',
+        '      :value: hello world',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: AttCls.a2',
+        '      :module: target',
+        '      :value: None',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autoclass_instance_attributes(app):
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.InstAttCls', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: InstAttCls()',
+        '   :module: target',
+        '',
+        '   Class with documented class and instance attributes.',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: InstAttCls.ca1',
+        '      :module: target',
+        "      :value: 'a'",
+        '',
+        '      Doc comment for class attribute InstAttCls.ca1.',
+        '      It can have multiple lines.',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: InstAttCls.ca2',
+        '      :module: target',
+        "      :value: 'b'",
+        '',
+        '      Doc comment for InstAttCls.ca2. One line only.',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: InstAttCls.ca3',
+        '      :module: target',
+        "      :value: 'c'",
+        '',
+        '      Docstring for class attribute InstAttCls.ca3.',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: InstAttCls.ia1',
+        '      :module: target',
+        '',
+        '      Doc comment for instance attribute InstAttCls.ia1',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: InstAttCls.ia2',
+        '      :module: target',
+        '',
+        '      Docstring for instance attribute InstAttCls.ia2.',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+    # pick up arbitrary attributes
+    options = {"members": 'ca1,ia1'}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.InstAttCls', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: InstAttCls()',
+        '   :module: target',
+        '',
+        '   Class with documented class and instance attributes.',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: InstAttCls.ca1',
+        '      :module: target',
+        "      :value: 'a'",
+        '',
+        '      Doc comment for class attribute InstAttCls.ca1.',
+        '      It can have multiple lines.',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: InstAttCls.ia1',
+        '      :module: target',
+        '',
+        '      Doc comment for instance attribute InstAttCls.ia1',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autoattribute_instance_attributes(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'attribute', 'target.InstAttCls.ia1')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:attribute:: InstAttCls.ia1',
+        '   :module: target',
+        '',
+        '   Doc comment for instance attribute InstAttCls.ia1',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_slots(app):
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "undoc-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.slots', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.slots',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Bar()',
+        '   :module: target.slots',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Bar.attr1',
+        '      :module: target.slots',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+        '      docstring of attr1',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Bar.attr2',
+        '      :module: target.slots',
+        '',
+        '      docstring of instance attr2',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Bar.attr3',
+        '      :module: target.slots',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Baz()',
+        '   :module: target.slots',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Baz.attr',
+        '      :module: target.slots',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Foo()',
+        '   :module: target.slots',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Foo.attr',
+        '      :module: target.slots',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_enum_class(app):
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.enums.EnumCls', options)
+
+    if sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 12):
+        args = ('(value, names=None, *values, module=None, '
+                'qualname=None, type=None, start=1, boundary=None)')
+    elif sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 11):
+        args = ('(value, names=None, *, module=None, qualname=None, '
+                'type=None, start=1, boundary=None)')
+    else:
+        args = '(value)'
+
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: EnumCls' + args,
+        '   :module: target.enums',
+        '',
+        '   this is enum class',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: EnumCls.say_goodbye()',
+        '      :module: target.enums',
+        '      :classmethod:',
+        '',
+        '      a classmethod says good-bye to you.',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: EnumCls.say_hello()',
+        '      :module: target.enums',
+        '',
+        '      a method says hello to you.',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val1',
+        '      :module: target.enums',
+        '      :value: 12',
+        '',
+        '      doc for val1',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val2',
+        '      :module: target.enums',
+        '      :value: 23',
+        '',
+        '      doc for val2',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val3',
+        '      :module: target.enums',
+        '      :value: 34',
+        '',
+        '      doc for val3',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+    # checks for an attribute of EnumClass
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'attribute', 'target.enums.EnumCls.val1')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val1',
+        '   :module: target.enums',
+        '   :value: 12',
+        '',
+        '   doc for val1',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_descriptor_class(app):
+    options = {"members": 'CustomDataDescriptor,CustomDataDescriptor2'}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.descriptor', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.descriptor',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: CustomDataDescriptor(doc)',
+        '   :module: target.descriptor',
+        '',
+        '   Descriptor class docstring.',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: CustomDataDescriptor.meth()',
+        '      :module: target.descriptor',
+        '',
+        '      Function.',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: CustomDataDescriptor2(doc)',
+        '   :module: target.descriptor',
+        '',
+        '   Descriptor class with custom metaclass docstring.',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_automethod_for_builtin(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'method', 'builtins.int.__add__')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:method:: int.__add__(value, /)',
+        '   :module: builtins',
+        '',
+        '   Return self+value.',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_automethod_for_decorated(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'method', 'target.decorator.Bar.meth')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:method:: Bar.meth(name=None, age=None)',
+        '   :module: target.decorator',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_abstractmethods(app):
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "undoc-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.abstractmethods', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.abstractmethods',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Base()',
+        '   :module: target.abstractmethods',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.abstractmeth()',
+        '      :module: target.abstractmethods',
+        '      :abstractmethod:',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.classmeth()',
+        '      :module: target.abstractmethods',
+        '      :abstractmethod:',
+        '      :classmethod:',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.coroutinemeth()',
+        '      :module: target.abstractmethods',
+        '      :abstractmethod:',
+        '      :async:',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.meth()',
+        '      :module: target.abstractmethods',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:property:: Base.prop',
+        '      :module: target.abstractmethods',
+        '      :abstractmethod:',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.staticmeth()',
+        '      :module: target.abstractmethods',
+        '      :abstractmethod:',
+        '      :staticmethod:',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_partialfunction(app):
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.partialfunction', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.partialfunction',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: func1(a, b, c)',
+        '   :module: target.partialfunction',
+        '',
+        '   docstring of func1',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: func2(b, c)',
+        '   :module: target.partialfunction',
+        '',
+        '   docstring of func1',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: func3(c)',
+        '   :module: target.partialfunction',
+        '',
+        '   docstring of func3',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: func4()',
+        '   :module: target.partialfunction',
+        '',
+        '   docstring of func3',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_imported_partialfunction_should_not_shown_without_imported_members(app):
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.imported_members', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.imported_members',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_bound_method(app):
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.bound_method', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.bound_method',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: bound_method()',
+        '   :module: target.bound_method',
+        '',
+        '   Method docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_partialmethod(app):
+    expected = [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Cell()',
+        '   :module: target.partialmethod',
+        '',
+        '   An example for partialmethod.',
+        '',
+        '   refs: https://docs.python.jp/3/library/functools.html#functools.partialmethod',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Cell.set_alive()',
+        '      :module: target.partialmethod',
+        '',
+        '      Make a cell alive.',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Cell.set_state(state)',
+        '      :module: target.partialmethod',
+        '',
+        '      Update state of cell to *state*.',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.partialmethod.Cell', options)
+    assert list(actual) == expected
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_partialmethod_undoc_members(app):
+    expected = [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Cell()',
+        '   :module: target.partialmethod',
+        '',
+        '   An example for partialmethod.',
+        '',
+        '   refs: https://docs.python.jp/3/library/functools.html#functools.partialmethod',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Cell.set_alive()',
+        '      :module: target.partialmethod',
+        '',
+        '      Make a cell alive.',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Cell.set_dead()',
+        '      :module: target.partialmethod',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Cell.set_state(state)',
+        '      :module: target.partialmethod',
+        '',
+        '      Update state of cell to *state*.',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "undoc-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.partialmethod.Cell', options)
+    assert list(actual) == expected
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_typed_instance_variables(app):
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "undoc-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.typed_vars', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.typed_vars',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:attribute:: Alias',
+        '   :module: target.typed_vars',
+        '',
+        '   alias of :py:class:`~target.typed_vars.Derived`',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Class()',
+        '   :module: target.typed_vars',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.attr1',
+        '      :module: target.typed_vars',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '      :value: 0',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.attr2',
+        '      :module: target.typed_vars',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.attr3',
+        '      :module: target.typed_vars',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '      :value: 0',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.attr4',
+        '      :module: target.typed_vars',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+        '      attr4',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.attr5',
+        '      :module: target.typed_vars',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+        '      attr5',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.attr6',
+        '      :module: target.typed_vars',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+        '      attr6',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.descr4',
+        '      :module: target.typed_vars',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+        '      This is descr4',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Derived()',
+        '   :module: target.typed_vars',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Derived.attr7',
+        '      :module: target.typed_vars',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: attr1',
+        '   :module: target.typed_vars',
+        '   :type: str',
+        "   :value: ''",
+        '',
+        '   attr1',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: attr2',
+        '   :module: target.typed_vars',
+        '   :type: str',
+        '',
+        '   attr2',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: attr3',
+        '   :module: target.typed_vars',
+        '   :type: str',
+        "   :value: ''",
+        '',
+        '   attr3',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_typed_inherited_instance_variables(app):
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "undoc-members": None,
+               "inherited-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.typed_vars.Derived', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Derived()',
+        '   :module: target.typed_vars',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Derived.attr1',
+        '      :module: target.typed_vars',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '      :value: 0',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Derived.attr2',
+        '      :module: target.typed_vars',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Derived.attr3',
+        '      :module: target.typed_vars',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '      :value: 0',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Derived.attr4',
+        '      :module: target.typed_vars',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+        '      attr4',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Derived.attr5',
+        '      :module: target.typed_vars',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+        '      attr5',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Derived.attr6',
+        '      :module: target.typed_vars',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+        '      attr6',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Derived.attr7',
+        '      :module: target.typed_vars',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Derived.descr4',
+        '      :module: target.typed_vars',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_GenericAlias(app):
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "undoc-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.genericalias', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.genericalias',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Class()',
+        '   :module: target.genericalias',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.T',
+        '      :module: target.genericalias',
+        '',
+        '      A list of int',
+        '',
+        '      alias of :py:class:`~typing.List`\\ [:py:class:`int`]',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: L',
+        '   :module: target.genericalias',
+        '',
+        '   A list of Class',
+        '',
+        '   alias of :py:class:`~typing.List`\\ '
+        '[:py:class:`~target.genericalias.Class`]',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: T',
+        '   :module: target.genericalias',
+        '',
+        '   A list of int',
+        '',
+        '   alias of :py:class:`~typing.List`\\ [:py:class:`int`]',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_TypeVar(app):
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "undoc-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.typevar', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.typevar',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Class()',
+        '   :module: target.typevar',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:class:: Class.T1',
+        '      :module: target.typevar',
+        '',
+        '      T1',
+        '',
+        "      alias of TypeVar('T1')",
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:class:: Class.T6',
+        '      :module: target.typevar',
+        '',
+        '      T6',
+        '',
+        '      alias of :py:class:`~datetime.date`',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: T1',
+        '   :module: target.typevar',
+        '',
+        '   T1',
+        '',
+        "   alias of TypeVar('T1')",
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: T3',
+        '   :module: target.typevar',
+        '',
+        '   T3',
+        '',
+        "   alias of TypeVar('T3', int, str)",
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: T4',
+        '   :module: target.typevar',
+        '',
+        '   T4',
+        '',
+        "   alias of TypeVar('T4', covariant=True)",
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: T5',
+        '   :module: target.typevar',
+        '',
+        '   T5',
+        '',
+        "   alias of TypeVar('T5', contravariant=True)",
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: T6',
+        '   :module: target.typevar',
+        '',
+        '   T6',
+        '',
+        '   alias of :py:class:`~datetime.date`',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: T7',
+        '   :module: target.typevar',
+        '',
+        '   T7',
+        '',
+        "   alias of TypeVar('T7', bound=\\ :py:class:`int`)",
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_Annotated(app):
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.annotated', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.annotated',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: hello(name: str) -> None',
+        '   :module: target.annotated',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_TYPE_CHECKING(app):
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "undoc-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.TYPE_CHECKING', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.TYPE_CHECKING',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Foo()',
+        '   :module: target.TYPE_CHECKING',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Foo.attr1',
+        '      :module: target.TYPE_CHECKING',
+        '      :type: ~_io.StringIO',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: spam(ham: ~collections.abc.Iterable[str]) -> tuple[~gettext.NullTranslations, bool]',
+        '   :module: target.TYPE_CHECKING',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_TYPE_CHECKING_circular_import(app):
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "undoc-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'circular_import', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: circular_import',
+        '',
+    ]
+    assert sys.modules["circular_import"].a is sys.modules["circular_import.a"]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_singledispatch(app):
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.singledispatch', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.singledispatch',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: func(arg, kwarg=None)',
+        '                 func(arg: float, kwarg=None)',
+        '                 func(arg: int, kwarg=None)',
+        '                 func(arg: str, kwarg=None)',
+        '                 func(arg: dict, kwarg=None)',
+        '   :module: target.singledispatch',
+        '',
+        '   A function for general use.',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_singledispatchmethod(app):
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.singledispatchmethod', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.singledispatchmethod',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Foo()',
+        '   :module: target.singledispatchmethod',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Foo.meth(arg, kwarg=None)',
+        '                  Foo.meth(arg: float, kwarg=None)',
+        '                  Foo.meth(arg: int, kwarg=None)',
+        '                  Foo.meth(arg: str, kwarg=None)',
+        '                  Foo.meth(arg: dict, kwarg=None)',
+        '      :module: target.singledispatchmethod',
+        '',
+        '      A method for general use.',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_singledispatchmethod_automethod(app):
+    options = {}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'method', 'target.singledispatchmethod.Foo.meth', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:method:: Foo.meth(arg, kwarg=None)',
+        '               Foo.meth(arg: float, kwarg=None)',
+        '               Foo.meth(arg: int, kwarg=None)',
+        '               Foo.meth(arg: str, kwarg=None)',
+        '               Foo.meth(arg: dict, kwarg=None)',
+        '   :module: target.singledispatchmethod',
+        '',
+        '   A method for general use.',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 13),
+                    reason='Cython does not support Python 3.13 yet.')
+@pytest.mark.skipif(pyximport is None, reason='cython is not installed')
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_cython(app):
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "undoc-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.cython', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.cython',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Class()',
+        '   :module: target.cython',
+        '',
+        '   Docstring.',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.meth(name: str, age: int = 0) -> None',
+        '      :module: target.cython',
+        '',
+        '      Docstring.',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: foo(x: int, *args, y: str, **kwargs)',
+        '   :module: target.cython',
+        '',
+        '   Docstring.',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_final(app):
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.final', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.final',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Class()',
+        '   :module: target.final',
+        '   :final:',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.meth1()',
+        '      :module: target.final',
+        '      :final:',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.meth2()',
+        '      :module: target.final',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_overload(app):
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.overload', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.overload',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Bar(x: int, y: int)',
+        '              Bar(x: str, y: str)',
+        '   :module: target.overload',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Baz(x: int, y: int)',
+        '              Baz(x: str, y: str)',
+        '   :module: target.overload',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Foo(x: int, y: int)',
+        '              Foo(x: str, y: str)',
+        '   :module: target.overload',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Math()',
+        '   :module: target.overload',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Math.sum(x: int, y: int = 0) -> int',
+        '                  Math.sum(x: float, y: float = 0.0) -> float',
+        '                  Math.sum(x: str, y: str = None) -> str',
+        '      :module: target.overload',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: sum(x: int, y: int = 0) -> int',
+        '                 sum(x: float, y: float = 0.0) -> float',
+        '                 sum(x: str, y: str = None) -> str',
+        '   :module: target.overload',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_overload2(app):
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.overload2', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.overload2',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Baz(x: int, y: int)',
+        '              Baz(x: str, y: str)',
+        '   :module: target.overload2',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_pymodule_for_ModuleLevelDocumenter(app):
+    app.env.ref_context['py:module'] = 'target.classes'
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'Foo')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Foo()',
+        '   :module: target.classes',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_pymodule_for_ClassLevelDocumenter(app):
+    app.env.ref_context['py:module'] = 'target.methods'
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'method', 'Base.meth')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:method:: Base.meth()',
+        '   :module: target.methods',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_pyclass_for_ClassLevelDocumenter(app):
+    app.env.ref_context['py:module'] = 'target.methods'
+    app.env.ref_context['py:class'] = 'Base'
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'method', 'meth')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:method:: Base.meth()',
+        '   :module: target.methods',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    content = app.env.get_doctree('index')
+    assert isinstance(content[3], addnodes.desc)
+    assert content[3][0].astext() == 'autodoc_dummy_module.test()'
+    assert content[3][1].astext() == 'Dummy function using dummy.*'
+
+    # issue sphinx-doc/sphinx#2437
+    assert content[11][-1].astext() == """Dummy class Bar with alias.
+
+
+
+my_name
+
+alias of Foo"""
+    assert warning.getvalue() == ''
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_name_conflict(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.name_conflict.foo')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: foo()',
+        '   :module: target.name_conflict',
+        '',
+        '   docstring of target.name_conflict::foo.',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.name_conflict.foo.bar')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: bar()',
+        '   :module: target.name_conflict.foo',
+        '',
+        '   docstring of target.name_conflict.foo::bar.',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_name_mangling(app):
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "undoc-members": None,
+               "private-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.name_mangling', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.name_mangling',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Bar()',
+        '   :module: target.name_mangling',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Bar._Baz__email',
+        '      :module: target.name_mangling',
+        '      :value: None',
+        '',
+        '      a member having mangled-like name',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Bar.__address',
+        '      :module: target.name_mangling',
+        '      :value: None',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Foo()',
+        '   :module: target.name_mangling',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Foo.__age',
+        '      :module: target.name_mangling',
+        '      :value: None',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Foo.__name',
+        '      :module: target.name_mangling',
+        '      :value: None',
+        '',
+        '      name of Foo',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_type_union_operator(app):
+    options = {'members': None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.pep604', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.pep604',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Foo()',
+        '   :module: target.pep604',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Foo.attr',
+        '      :module: target.pep604',
+        '      :type: int | str',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Foo.meth(x: int | str, y: int | str) -> int | str',
+        '      :module: target.pep604',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: attr',
+        '   :module: target.pep604',
+        '   :type: int | str',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: sum(x: int | str, y: int | str) -> int | str',
+        '   :module: target.pep604',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_hide_value(app):
+    options = {'members': None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.hide_value', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.hide_value',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Foo()',
+        '   :module: target.hide_value',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Foo.SENTINEL1',
+        '      :module: target.hide_value',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+        '      :meta hide-value:',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Foo.SENTINEL2',
+        '      :module: target.hide_value',
+        '',
+        '      :meta hide-value:',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: SENTINEL1',
+        '   :module: target.hide_value',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '   :meta hide-value:',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: SENTINEL2',
+        '   :module: target.hide_value',
+        '',
+        '   :meta hide-value:',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_canonical(app):
+    options = {'members': None,
+               'imported-members': None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.canonical', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.canonical',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Bar()',
+        '   :module: target.canonical',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Foo()',
+        '   :module: target.canonical',
+        '   :canonical: target.canonical.original.Foo',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Foo.meth()',
+        '      :module: target.canonical',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_literal_render(app):
+    def bounded_typevar_rst(name, bound):
+        return [
+            '',
+            f'.. py:class:: {name}',
+            '   :module: target.literal',
+            '',
+            '   docstring',
+            '',
+            f'   alias of TypeVar({name!r}, bound={bound})',
+            '',
+        ]
+
+    def function_rst(name, sig):
+        return [
+            '',
+            f'.. py:function:: {name}({sig})',
+            '   :module: target.literal',
+            '',
+            '   docstring',
+            '',
+        ]
+
+    # autodoc_typehints_format can take 'short' or 'fully-qualified' values
+    # and this will be interpreted as 'smart' or 'fully-qualified-except-typing' by restify()
+    # and 'smart' or 'fully-qualified' by stringify_annotation().
+
+    options = {'members': None, 'exclude-members': 'MyEnum'}
+    app.config.autodoc_typehints_format = 'short'
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.literal', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.literal',
+        '',
+        *bounded_typevar_rst('T', r'\ :py:obj:`~typing.Literal`\ [1234]'),
+        *bounded_typevar_rst('U', r'\ :py:obj:`~typing.Literal`\ [:py:attr:`~target.literal.MyEnum.a`]'),
+        *function_rst('bar', 'x: ~typing.Literal[1234]'),
+        *function_rst('foo', 'x: ~typing.Literal[MyEnum.a]'),
+    ]
+
+    # restify() assumes that 'fully-qualified' is 'fully-qualified-except-typing'
+    # because it is more likely that a user wants to suppress 'typing.*'
+    app.config.autodoc_typehints_format = 'fully-qualified'
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.literal', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.literal',
+        '',
+        *bounded_typevar_rst('T', r'\ :py:obj:`~typing.Literal`\ [1234]'),
+        *bounded_typevar_rst('U', r'\ :py:obj:`~typing.Literal`\ [:py:attr:`target.literal.MyEnum.a`]'),
+        *function_rst('bar', 'x: typing.Literal[1234]'),
+        *function_rst('foo', 'x: typing.Literal[target.literal.MyEnum.a]'),
+    ]
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_autodoc_autoattribute.py b/tests/test_ext_autodoc_autoattribute.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0424af0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_ext_autodoc_autoattribute.py
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+"""Test the autodoc extension.
+
+This tests mainly the Documenters; the auto directives are tested in a test
+source file translated by test_build.
+"""
+
+import pytest
+
+from .test_ext_autodoc import do_autodoc
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autoattribute(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'attribute', 'target.Class.attr')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:attribute:: Class.attr',
+        '   :module: target',
+        "   :value: 'bar'",
+        '',
+        '   should be documented -- süß',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autoattribute_novalue(app):
+    options = {'no-value': None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'attribute', 'target.Class.attr', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:attribute:: Class.attr',
+        '   :module: target',
+        '',
+        '   should be documented -- süß',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autoattribute_typed_variable(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'attribute', 'target.typed_vars.Class.attr2')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:attribute:: Class.attr2',
+        '   :module: target.typed_vars',
+        '   :type: int',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autoattribute_typed_variable_in_alias(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'attribute', 'target.typed_vars.Alias.attr2')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:attribute:: Alias.attr2',
+        '   :module: target.typed_vars',
+        '   :type: int',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autoattribute_instance_variable(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'attribute', 'target.typed_vars.Class.attr4')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:attribute:: Class.attr4',
+        '   :module: target.typed_vars',
+        '   :type: int',
+        '',
+        '   attr4',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autoattribute_instance_variable_in_alias(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'attribute', 'target.typed_vars.Alias.attr4')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:attribute:: Alias.attr4',
+        '   :module: target.typed_vars',
+        '   :type: int',
+        '',
+        '   attr4',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autoattribute_instance_variable_without_comment(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'attribute', 'target.instance_variable.Bar.attr4')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:attribute:: Bar.attr4',
+        '   :module: target.instance_variable',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autoattribute_slots_variable_list(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'attribute', 'target.slots.Foo.attr')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:attribute:: Foo.attr',
+        '   :module: target.slots',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autoattribute_slots_variable_dict(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'attribute', 'target.slots.Bar.attr1')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:attribute:: Bar.attr1',
+        '   :module: target.slots',
+        '   :type: int',
+        '',
+        '   docstring of attr1',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autoattribute_slots_variable_str(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'attribute', 'target.slots.Baz.attr')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:attribute:: Baz.attr',
+        '   :module: target.slots',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autoattribute_GenericAlias(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'attribute', 'target.genericalias.Class.T')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:attribute:: Class.T',
+        '   :module: target.genericalias',
+        '',
+        '   A list of int',
+        '',
+        '   alias of :py:class:`~typing.List`\\ [:py:class:`int`]',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autoattribute_hide_value(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'attribute', 'target.hide_value.Foo.SENTINEL1')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:attribute:: Foo.SENTINEL1',
+        '   :module: target.hide_value',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '   :meta hide-value:',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'attribute', 'target.hide_value.Foo.SENTINEL2')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:attribute:: Foo.SENTINEL2',
+        '   :module: target.hide_value',
+        '',
+        '   :meta hide-value:',
+        '',
+    ]
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_autodoc_autoclass.py b/tests/test_ext_autodoc_autoclass.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..92c259a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_ext_autodoc_autoclass.py
@@ -0,0 +1,517 @@
+"""Test the autodoc extension.
+
+This tests mainly the Documenters; the auto directives are tested in a test
+source file translated by test_build.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing
+from typing import Union
+
+import pytest
+
+from .test_ext_autodoc import do_autodoc
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_classes(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.classes.Foo')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: Foo()',
+        '   :module: target.classes',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.classes.Bar')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: Bar(x, y)',
+        '   :module: target.classes',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.classes.Baz')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: Baz(x, y)',
+        '   :module: target.classes',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.classes.Qux')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: Qux(foo, bar)',
+        '   :module: target.classes',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_instance_variable(app):
+    options = {'members': None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.instance_variable.Bar', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Bar()',
+        '   :module: target.instance_variable',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Bar.attr2',
+        '      :module: target.instance_variable',
+        '',
+        '      docstring bar',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Bar.attr3',
+        '      :module: target.instance_variable',
+        '',
+        '      docstring bar',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_inherited_instance_variable(app):
+    options = {'members': None,
+               'inherited-members': None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.instance_variable.Bar', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Bar()',
+        '   :module: target.instance_variable',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Bar.attr1',
+        '      :module: target.instance_variable',
+        '',
+        '      docstring foo',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Bar.attr2',
+        '      :module: target.instance_variable',
+        '',
+        '      docstring bar',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Bar.attr3',
+        '      :module: target.instance_variable',
+        '',
+        '      docstring bar',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_uninitialized_attributes(app):
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "inherited-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.uninitialized_attributes.Derived', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Derived()',
+        '   :module: target.uninitialized_attributes',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Derived.attr1',
+        '      :module: target.uninitialized_attributes',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Derived.attr3',
+        '      :module: target.uninitialized_attributes',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_undocumented_uninitialized_attributes(app):
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "inherited-members": None,
+               "undoc-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.uninitialized_attributes.Derived', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Derived()',
+        '   :module: target.uninitialized_attributes',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Derived.attr1',
+        '      :module: target.uninitialized_attributes',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Derived.attr2',
+        '      :module: target.uninitialized_attributes',
+        '      :type: str',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Derived.attr3',
+        '      :module: target.uninitialized_attributes',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Derived.attr4',
+        '      :module: target.uninitialized_attributes',
+        '      :type: str',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+def test_decorators(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.decorator.Baz')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Baz(name=None, age=None)',
+        '   :module: target.decorator',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.decorator.Qux')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Qux(name=None, age=None)',
+        '   :module: target.decorator',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.decorator.Quux')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Quux(name=None, age=None)',
+        '   :module: target.decorator',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_properties(app):
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.properties.Foo', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Foo()',
+        '   :module: target.properties',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:property:: Foo.prop1',
+        '      :module: target.properties',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:property:: Foo.prop1_with_type_comment',
+        '      :module: target.properties',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:property:: Foo.prop2',
+        '      :module: target.properties',
+        '      :classmethod:',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:property:: Foo.prop2_with_type_comment',
+        '      :module: target.properties',
+        '      :classmethod:',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_slots_attribute(app):
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.slots.Bar', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Bar()',
+        '   :module: target.slots',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Bar.attr1',
+        '      :module: target.slots',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+        '      docstring of attr1',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Bar.attr2',
+        '      :module: target.slots',
+        '',
+        '      docstring of instance attr2',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_show_inheritance_for_subclass_of_generic_type(app):
+    options = {'show-inheritance': None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.classes.Quux', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Quux(iterable=(), /)',
+        '   :module: target.classes',
+        '',
+        '   Bases: :py:class:`~typing.List`\\ '
+        '[:py:obj:`~typing.Union`\\ [:py:class:`int`, :py:class:`float`]]',
+        '',
+        '   A subclass of List[Union[int, float]]',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_show_inheritance_for_decendants_of_generic_type(app):
+    options = {'show-inheritance': None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.classes.Corge', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Corge(iterable=(), /)',
+        '   :module: target.classes',
+        '',
+        '   Bases: :py:class:`~target.classes.Quux`',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_process_bases(app):
+    def autodoc_process_bases(app, name, obj, options, bases):
+        assert name == 'target.classes.Quux'
+        assert obj.__module__ == 'target.classes'
+        assert obj.__name__ == 'Quux'
+        assert options == {'show-inheritance': True,
+                           'members': []}
+        assert bases == [typing.List[Union[int, float]]]  # NoQA: UP006
+
+        bases.pop()
+        bases.extend([int, str])
+
+    app.connect('autodoc-process-bases', autodoc_process_bases)
+
+    options = {'show-inheritance': None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.classes.Quux', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Quux(iterable=(), /)',
+        '   :module: target.classes',
+        '',
+        '   Bases: :py:class:`int`, :py:class:`str`',
+        '',
+        '   A subclass of List[Union[int, float]]',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_class_doc_from_class(app):
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "class-doc-from": "class"}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.autoclass_content.C', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: C()',
+        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '   A class having __init__, no __new__',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_class_doc_from_init(app):
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "class-doc-from": "init"}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.autoclass_content.C', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: C()',
+        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '   __init__ docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_class_doc_from_both(app):
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "class-doc-from": "both"}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.autoclass_content.C', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: C()',
+        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '   A class having __init__, no __new__',
+        '',
+        '   __init__ docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+def test_class_alias(app):
+    def autodoc_process_docstring(*args):
+        """A handler always raises an error.
+        This confirms this handler is never called for class aliases.
+        """
+        raise
+
+    app.connect('autodoc-process-docstring', autodoc_process_docstring)
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.classes.Alias')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:attribute:: Alias',
+        '   :module: target.classes',
+        '',
+        '   alias of :py:class:`~target.classes.Foo`',
+    ]
+
+
+def test_class_alias_having_doccomment(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.classes.OtherAlias')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:attribute:: OtherAlias',
+        '   :module: target.classes',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+def test_class_alias_for_imported_object_having_doccomment(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.classes.IntAlias')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:attribute:: IntAlias',
+        '   :module: target.classes',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_coroutine(app):
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.coroutine.AsyncClass', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: AsyncClass()',
+        '   :module: target.coroutine',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: AsyncClass.do_asyncgen()',
+        '      :module: target.coroutine',
+        '      :async:',
+        '',
+        '      A documented async generator',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: AsyncClass.do_coroutine()',
+        '      :module: target.coroutine',
+        '      :async:',
+        '',
+        '      A documented coroutine function',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: AsyncClass.do_coroutine2()',
+        '      :module: target.coroutine',
+        '      :async:',
+        '      :classmethod:',
+        '',
+        '      A documented coroutine classmethod',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: AsyncClass.do_coroutine3()',
+        '      :module: target.coroutine',
+        '      :async:',
+        '      :staticmethod:',
+        '',
+        '      A documented coroutine staticmethod',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodata_NewType_module_level(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.typevar.T6')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: T6',
+        '   :module: target.typevar',
+        '',
+        '   T6',
+        '',
+        '   alias of :py:class:`~datetime.date`',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autoattribute_NewType_class_level(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.typevar.Class.T6')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Class.T6',
+        '   :module: target.typevar',
+        '',
+        '   T6',
+        '',
+        '   alias of :py:class:`~datetime.date`',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodata_TypeVar_class_level(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.typevar.T1')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: T1',
+        '   :module: target.typevar',
+        '',
+        '   T1',
+        '',
+        "   alias of TypeVar('T1')",
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autoattribute_TypeVar_module_level(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.typevar.Class.T1')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Class.T1',
+        '   :module: target.typevar',
+        '',
+        '   T1',
+        '',
+        "   alias of TypeVar('T1')",
+        '',
+    ]
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_autodoc_autodata.py b/tests/test_ext_autodoc_autodata.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..83647d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_ext_autodoc_autodata.py
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+"""Test the autodoc extension.
+
+This tests mainly the Documenters; the auto directives are tested in a test
+source file translated by test_build.
+"""
+
+import pytest
+
+from .test_ext_autodoc import do_autodoc
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodata(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'data', 'target.integer')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: integer',
+        '   :module: target',
+        '   :value: 1',
+        '',
+        '   documentation for the integer',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodata_novalue(app):
+    options = {'no-value': None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'data', 'target.integer', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: integer',
+        '   :module: target',
+        '',
+        '   documentation for the integer',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodata_typed_variable(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'data', 'target.typed_vars.attr2')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: attr2',
+        '   :module: target.typed_vars',
+        '   :type: str',
+        '',
+        '   attr2',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodata_type_comment(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'data', 'target.typed_vars.attr3')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: attr3',
+        '   :module: target.typed_vars',
+        '   :type: str',
+        "   :value: ''",
+        '',
+        '   attr3',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodata_GenericAlias(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'data', 'target.genericalias.T')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: T',
+        '   :module: target.genericalias',
+        '',
+        '   A list of int',
+        '',
+        '   alias of :py:class:`~typing.List`\\ [:py:class:`int`]',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodata_hide_value(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'data', 'target.hide_value.SENTINEL1')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: SENTINEL1',
+        '   :module: target.hide_value',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '   :meta hide-value:',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'data', 'target.hide_value.SENTINEL2')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: SENTINEL2',
+        '   :module: target.hide_value',
+        '',
+        '   :meta hide-value:',
+        '',
+    ]
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_autodoc_autofunction.py b/tests/test_ext_autodoc_autofunction.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b0cd7d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_ext_autodoc_autofunction.py
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+"""Test the autodoc extension.
+
+This tests mainly the Documenters; the auto directives are tested in a test
+source file translated by test_build.
+"""
+
+import pytest
+
+from .test_ext_autodoc import do_autodoc
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_classes(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.classes.Foo')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: Foo()',
+        '   :module: target.classes',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.classes.Bar')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: Bar(x, y)',
+        '   :module: target.classes',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.classes.Baz')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: Baz(x, y)',
+        '   :module: target.classes',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.classes.Qux')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: Qux(foo, bar)',
+        '   :module: target.classes',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_callable(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.callable.function')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: function(arg1, arg2, **kwargs)',
+        '   :module: target.callable',
+        '',
+        '   A callable object that behaves like a function.',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_method(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.callable.method')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: method(arg1, arg2)',
+        '   :module: target.callable',
+        '',
+        '   docstring of Callable.method().',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_builtin_function(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'os.umask')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: umask(mask, /)',
+        '   :module: os',
+        '',
+        '   Set the current numeric umask and return the previous umask.',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_methoddescriptor(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'builtins.int.__add__')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: __add__(self, value, /)',
+        '   :module: builtins.int',
+        '',
+        '   Return self+value.',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_decorated(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.decorator.foo')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: foo(name=None, age=None)',
+        '   :module: target.decorator',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_singledispatch(app):
+    options = {}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.singledispatch.func', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: func(arg, kwarg=None)',
+        '                 func(arg: float, kwarg=None)',
+        '                 func(arg: int, kwarg=None)',
+        '                 func(arg: str, kwarg=None)',
+        '                 func(arg: dict, kwarg=None)',
+        '   :module: target.singledispatch',
+        '',
+        '   A function for general use.',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_cfunction(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'time.asctime')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: asctime([tuple]) -> string',
+        '   :module: time',
+        '',
+        "   Convert a time tuple to a string, e.g. 'Sat Jun 06 16:26:11 1998'.",
+        '   When the time tuple is not present, current time as returned by localtime()',
+        '   is used.',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_wrapped_function(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.wrappedfunction.slow_function')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: slow_function(message, timeout)',
+        '   :module: target.wrappedfunction',
+        '',
+        '   This function is slow.',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_wrapped_function_contextmanager(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.wrappedfunction.feeling_good')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: feeling_good(x: int, y: int) -> ~typing.Generator',
+        '   :module: target.wrappedfunction',
+        '',
+        "   You'll feel better in this context!",
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_coroutine(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.functions.coroutinefunc')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: coroutinefunc()',
+        '   :module: target.functions',
+        '   :async:',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_synchronized_coroutine(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.coroutine.sync_func')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: sync_func()',
+        '   :module: target.coroutine',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_async_generator(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.functions.asyncgenerator')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: asyncgenerator()',
+        '   :module: target.functions',
+        '   :async:',
+        '',
+    ]
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_autodoc_automodule.py b/tests/test_ext_autodoc_automodule.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2855020
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_ext_autodoc_automodule.py
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+"""Test the autodoc extension.
+
+This tests mainly the Documenters; the auto directives are tested in a test
+source file translated by test_build.
+"""
+
+import sys
+
+import pytest
+
+from .test_ext_autodoc import do_autodoc
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_empty_all(app):
+    options = {'members': None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.empty_all', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.empty_all',
+        '',
+        '   docsting of empty_all module.',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_automodule(app):
+    options = {'members': None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.module', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.module',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: annotated',
+        '   :module: target.module',
+        '   :type: int',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: documented',
+        '   :module: target.module',
+        '   :value: 1',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_automodule_undoc_members(app):
+    options = {'members': None,
+               'undoc-members': None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.module', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.module',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: annotated',
+        '   :module: target.module',
+        '   :type: int',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: documented',
+        '   :module: target.module',
+        '   :value: 1',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: undoc_annotated',
+        '   :module: target.module',
+        '   :type: int',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_automodule_special_members(app):
+    options = {'members': None,
+               'special-members': None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.module', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.module',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: __documented_special__',
+        '   :module: target.module',
+        '   :value: 1',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: annotated',
+        '   :module: target.module',
+        '   :type: int',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: documented',
+        '   :module: target.module',
+        '   :value: 1',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_automodule_inherited_members(app):
+    options = {'members': None,
+               'undoc-members': None,
+               'inherited-members': 'Base, list'}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.inheritance', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.inheritance',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Base()',
+        '   :module: target.inheritance',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Base.inheritedattr',
+        '      :module: target.inheritance',
+        '      :value: None',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedclassmeth()',
+        '      :module: target.inheritance',
+        '      :classmethod:',
+        '',
+        '      Inherited class method.',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedmeth()',
+        '      :module: target.inheritance',
+        '',
+        '      Inherited function.',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Base.inheritedstaticmeth(cls)',
+        '      :module: target.inheritance',
+        '      :staticmethod:',
+        '',
+        '      Inherited static method.',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Derived()',
+        '   :module: target.inheritance',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Derived.inheritedmeth()',
+        '      :module: target.inheritance',
+        '',
+        '      Inherited function.',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: MyList(iterable=(), /)',
+        '   :module: target.inheritance',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: MyList.meth()',
+        '      :module: target.inheritance',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc',
+                    confoverrides={'autodoc_mock_imports': ['missing_module',
+                                                            'missing_package1',
+                                                            'missing_package2',
+                                                            'missing_package3',
+                                                            'sphinx.missing_module4']})
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("rollback_sysmodules")
+def test_subclass_of_mocked_object(app):
+    sys.modules.pop('target', None)  # unload target module to clear the module cache
+
+    options = {'members': None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.need_mocks', options)
+    assert '.. py:class:: Inherited(*args: ~typing.Any, **kwargs: ~typing.Any)' in actual
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_autodoc_autoproperty.py b/tests/test_ext_autodoc_autoproperty.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ca8b981
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_ext_autodoc_autoproperty.py
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+"""Test the autodoc extension.
+
+This tests mainly the Documenters; the auto directives are tested in a test
+source file translated by test_build.
+"""
+
+import pytest
+
+from .test_ext_autodoc import do_autodoc
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_properties(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'property', 'target.properties.Foo.prop1')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:property:: Foo.prop1',
+        '   :module: target.properties',
+        '   :type: int',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_class_properties(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'property', 'target.properties.Foo.prop2')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:property:: Foo.prop2',
+        '   :module: target.properties',
+        '   :classmethod:',
+        '   :type: int',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_properties_with_type_comment(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'property', 'target.properties.Foo.prop1_with_type_comment')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:property:: Foo.prop1_with_type_comment',
+        '   :module: target.properties',
+        '   :type: int',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_class_properties_with_type_comment(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'property', 'target.properties.Foo.prop2_with_type_comment')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:property:: Foo.prop2_with_type_comment',
+        '   :module: target.properties',
+        '   :classmethod:',
+        '   :type: int',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_cached_properties(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'property', 'target.cached_property.Foo.prop')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:property:: Foo.prop',
+        '   :module: target.cached_property',
+        '   :type: int',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_cached_properties_with_type_comment(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'property', 'target.cached_property.Foo.prop_with_type_comment')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:property:: Foo.prop_with_type_comment',
+        '   :module: target.cached_property',
+        '   :type: int',
+        '',
+    ]
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_autodoc_configs.py b/tests/test_ext_autodoc_configs.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..45bc729
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_ext_autodoc_configs.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1727 @@
+"""Test the autodoc extension.  This tests mainly for config variables"""
+
+import platform
+import sys
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx.testing import restructuredtext
+
+from .test_ext_autodoc import do_autodoc
+
+IS_PYPY = platform.python_implementation() == 'PyPy'
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def overwrite_file(path, content):
+    current_content = path.read_bytes() if path.exists() else None
+    try:
+        path.write_text(content, encoding='utf-8')
+        yield
+    finally:
+        if current_content is not None:
+            path.write_bytes(current_content)
+        else:
+            path.unlink()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autoclass_content_class(app):
+    app.config.autoclass_content = 'class'
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.autoclass_content', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: A()',
+        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '   A class having no __init__, no __new__',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: B()',
+        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '   A class having __init__(no docstring), no __new__',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: C()',
+        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '   A class having __init__, no __new__',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: D()',
+        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '   A class having no __init__, __new__(no docstring)',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: E()',
+        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '   A class having no __init__, __new__',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: F()',
+        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '   A class having both __init__ and __new__',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: G()',
+        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '   A class inherits __init__ without docstring.',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: H()',
+        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '   A class inherits __new__ without docstring.',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autoclass_content_init(app):
+    app.config.autoclass_content = 'init'
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.autoclass_content', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: A()',
+        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '   A class having no __init__, no __new__',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: B()',
+        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '   A class having __init__(no docstring), no __new__',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: C()',
+        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '   __init__ docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: D()',
+        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '   A class having no __init__, __new__(no docstring)',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: E()',
+        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '   __new__ docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: F()',
+        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '   __init__ docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: G()',
+        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '   __init__ docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: H()',
+        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '   __new__ docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_class_signature_mixed(app):
+    app.config.autodoc_class_signature = 'mixed'
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "undoc-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.classes.Bar', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Bar(x, y)',
+        '   :module: target.classes',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_class_signature_separated_init(app):
+    app.config.autodoc_class_signature = 'separated'
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "undoc-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.classes.Bar', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Bar',
+        '   :module: target.classes',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Bar.__init__(x, y)',
+        '      :module: target.classes',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_class_signature_separated_new(app):
+    app.config.autodoc_class_signature = 'separated'
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "undoc-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.classes.Baz', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Baz',
+        '   :module: target.classes',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Baz.__new__(cls, x, y)',
+        '      :module: target.classes',
+        '      :staticmethod:',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autoclass_content_both(app):
+    app.config.autoclass_content = 'both'
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.autoclass_content', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: A()',
+        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '   A class having no __init__, no __new__',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: B()',
+        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '   A class having __init__(no docstring), no __new__',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: C()',
+        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '   A class having __init__, no __new__',
+        '',
+        '   __init__ docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: D()',
+        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '   A class having no __init__, __new__(no docstring)',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: E()',
+        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '   A class having no __init__, __new__',
+        '',
+        '   __new__ docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: F()',
+        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '   A class having both __init__ and __new__',
+        '',
+        '   __init__ docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: G()',
+        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '   A class inherits __init__ without docstring.',
+        '',
+        '   __init__ docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: H()',
+        '   :module: target.autoclass_content',
+        '',
+        '   A class inherits __new__ without docstring.',
+        '',
+        '   __new__ docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_inherit_docstrings(app):
+    assert app.config.autodoc_inherit_docstrings is True  # default
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'method', 'target.inheritance.Derived.inheritedmeth')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:method:: Derived.inheritedmeth()',
+        '   :module: target.inheritance',
+        '',
+        '   Inherited function.',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+    # disable autodoc_inherit_docstrings
+    app.config.autodoc_inherit_docstrings = False
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'method', 'target.inheritance.Derived.inheritedmeth')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:method:: Derived.inheritedmeth()',
+        '   :module: target.inheritance',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_inherit_docstrings_for_inherited_members(app):
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "inherited-members": None}
+
+    assert app.config.autodoc_inherit_docstrings is True  # default
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Derived', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Derived()',
+        '   :module: target.inheritance',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Derived.inheritedattr',
+        '      :module: target.inheritance',
+        '      :value: None',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Derived.inheritedclassmeth()',
+        '      :module: target.inheritance',
+        '      :classmethod:',
+        '',
+        '      Inherited class method.',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Derived.inheritedmeth()',
+        '      :module: target.inheritance',
+        '',
+        '      Inherited function.',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Derived.inheritedstaticmeth(cls)',
+        '      :module: target.inheritance',
+        '      :staticmethod:',
+        '',
+        '      Inherited static method.',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+    # disable autodoc_inherit_docstrings
+    app.config.autodoc_inherit_docstrings = False
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.inheritance.Derived', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Derived()',
+        '   :module: target.inheritance',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Derived.inheritedclassmeth()',
+        '      :module: target.inheritance',
+        '      :classmethod:',
+        '',
+        '      Inherited class method.',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Derived.inheritedstaticmeth(cls)',
+        '      :module: target.inheritance',
+        '      :staticmethod:',
+        '',
+        '      Inherited static method.',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_docstring_signature(app):
+    options = {"members": None, "special-members": "__init__, __new__"}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.DocstringSig', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        # FIXME: Ideally this would instead be: `DocstringSig(d, e=1)` but
+        # currently `ClassDocumenter` does not apply the docstring signature
+        # logic when extracting a signature from a __new__ or __init__ method.
+        '.. py:class:: DocstringSig(*new_args, **new_kwargs)',
+        '   :module: target',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: DocstringSig.__init__(self, a, b=1) -> None',
+        '      :module: target',
+        '',
+        '      First line of docstring',
+        '',
+        '      rest of docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: DocstringSig.__new__(cls, d, e=1) -> DocstringSig',
+        '      :module: target',
+        '      :staticmethod:',
+        '',
+        '      First line of docstring',
+        '',
+        '      rest of docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: DocstringSig.meth(FOO, BAR=1) -> BAZ',
+        '      :module: target',
+        '',
+        '      First line of docstring',
+        '',
+        '      rest of docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: DocstringSig.meth2()',
+        '      :module: target',
+        '',
+        '      First line, no signature',
+        '      Second line followed by indentation::',
+        '',
+        '          indented line',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:property:: DocstringSig.prop1',
+        '      :module: target',
+        '',
+        '      First line of docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:property:: DocstringSig.prop2',
+        '      :module: target',
+        '',
+        '      First line of docstring',
+        '      Second line of docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+    # disable autodoc_docstring_signature
+    app.config.autodoc_docstring_signature = False
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.DocstringSig', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: DocstringSig(*new_args, **new_kwargs)',
+        '   :module: target',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: DocstringSig.__init__(*init_args, **init_kwargs)',
+        '      :module: target',
+        '',
+        '      __init__(self, a, b=1) -> None',
+        '      First line of docstring',
+        '',
+        '              rest of docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: DocstringSig.__new__(cls, *new_args, **new_kwargs)',
+        '      :module: target',
+        '      :staticmethod:',
+        '',
+        '      __new__(cls, d, e=1) -> DocstringSig',
+        '      First line of docstring',
+        '',
+        '              rest of docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: DocstringSig.meth()',
+        '      :module: target',
+        '',
+        '      meth(FOO, BAR=1) -> BAZ',
+        '      First line of docstring',
+        '',
+        '              rest of docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: DocstringSig.meth2()',
+        '      :module: target',
+        '',
+        '      First line, no signature',
+        '      Second line followed by indentation::',
+        '',
+        '          indented line',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:property:: DocstringSig.prop1',
+        '      :module: target',
+        '',
+        '      DocstringSig.prop1(self)',
+        '      First line of docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:property:: DocstringSig.prop2',
+        '      :module: target',
+        '',
+        '      First line of docstring',
+        '      Second line of docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autoclass_content_and_docstring_signature_class(app):
+    app.config.autoclass_content = 'class'
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "undoc-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.docstring_signature', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.docstring_signature',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: A(foo, bar)',
+        '   :module: target.docstring_signature',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: B(foo, bar)',
+        '   :module: target.docstring_signature',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: C(foo, bar)',
+        '   :module: target.docstring_signature',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: D()',
+        '   :module: target.docstring_signature',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: E()',
+        '   :module: target.docstring_signature',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: F()',
+        '   :module: target.docstring_signature',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autoclass_content_and_docstring_signature_init(app):
+    app.config.autoclass_content = 'init'
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "undoc-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.docstring_signature', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.docstring_signature',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: A(foo, bar)',
+        '   :module: target.docstring_signature',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: B(foo, bar, baz)',
+        '   :module: target.docstring_signature',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: C(foo, bar, baz)',
+        '   :module: target.docstring_signature',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: D(foo, bar, baz)',
+        '   :module: target.docstring_signature',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: E(foo: int, bar: int, baz: int)',
+        '              E(foo: str, bar: str, baz: str)',
+        '              E(foo: float, bar: float, baz: float)',
+        '   :module: target.docstring_signature',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: F(foo: int, bar: int, baz: int)',
+        '              F(foo: str, bar: str, baz: str)',
+        '              F(foo: float, bar: float, baz: float)',
+        '   :module: target.docstring_signature',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autoclass_content_and_docstring_signature_both(app):
+    app.config.autoclass_content = 'both'
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "undoc-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.docstring_signature', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.docstring_signature',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: A(foo, bar)',
+        '   :module: target.docstring_signature',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: B(foo, bar)',
+        '   :module: target.docstring_signature',
+        '',
+        '   B(foo, bar, baz)',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: C(foo, bar)',
+        '   :module: target.docstring_signature',
+        '',
+        '   C(foo, bar, baz)',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: D(foo, bar, baz)',
+        '   :module: target.docstring_signature',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: E(foo: int, bar: int, baz: int)',
+        '              E(foo: str, bar: str, baz: str)',
+        '              E(foo: float, bar: float, baz: float)',
+        '   :module: target.docstring_signature',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: F(foo: int, bar: int, baz: int)',
+        '              F(foo: str, bar: str, baz: str)',
+        '              F(foo: float, bar: float, baz: float)',
+        '   :module: target.docstring_signature',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("rollback_sysmodules")
+def test_mocked_module_imports(app, warning):
+    sys.modules.pop('target', None)  # unload target module to clear the module cache
+
+    # no autodoc_mock_imports
+    options = {"members": 'TestAutodoc,decoratedFunction,func,Alias'}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.need_mocks', options)
+    assert list(actual) == []
+    assert "autodoc: failed to import module 'need_mocks'" in warning.getvalue()
+
+    # with autodoc_mock_imports
+    app.config.autodoc_mock_imports = [
+        'missing_module',
+        'missing_package1',
+        'missing_package2',
+        'missing_package3',
+        'sphinx.missing_module4',
+    ]
+
+    warning.truncate(0)
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.need_mocks', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.need_mocks',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: Alias',
+        '   :module: target.need_mocks',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: TestAutodoc()',
+        '   :module: target.need_mocks',
+        '',
+        '   TestAutodoc docstring.',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: TestAutodoc.Alias',
+        '      :module: target.need_mocks',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: TestAutodoc.decoratedMethod()',
+        '      :module: target.need_mocks',
+        '',
+        '      TestAutodoc::decoratedMethod docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: decoratedFunction()',
+        '   :module: target.need_mocks',
+        '',
+        '   decoratedFunction docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: func(arg: missing_module.Class)',
+        '   :module: target.need_mocks',
+        '',
+        '   a function takes mocked object as an argument',
+        '',
+    ]
+    assert warning.getvalue() == ''
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc',
+                    confoverrides={'autodoc_typehints': "signature"})
+def test_autodoc_typehints_signature(app):
+    if sys.version_info[:2] <= (3, 10):
+        type_o = "~typing.Any | None"
+    else:
+        type_o = "~typing.Any"
+
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "undoc-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.typehints', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: CONST1',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '   :type: int',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: CONST2',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '   :type: int',
+        '   :value: 1',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: CONST3',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '   :type: ~pathlib.PurePosixPath',
+        "   :value: PurePosixPath('/a/b/c')",
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Math(s: str, o: %s = None)' % type_o,
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Math.CONST1',
+        '      :module: target.typehints',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Math.CONST2',
+        '      :module: target.typehints',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '      :value: 1',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Math.CONST3',
+        '      :module: target.typehints',
+        '      :type: ~pathlib.PurePosixPath',
+        "      :value: PurePosixPath('/a/b/c')",
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Math.decr(a: int, b: int = 1) -> int',
+        '      :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Math.horse(a: str, b: int) -> None',
+        '      :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Math.incr(a: int, b: int = 1) -> int',
+        '      :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Math.nothing() -> None',
+        '      :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:property:: Math.path',
+        '      :module: target.typehints',
+        '      :type: ~pathlib.PurePosixPath',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:property:: Math.prop',
+        '      :module: target.typehints',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: NewAnnotation(i: int)',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: NewComment(i: int)',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: SignatureFromMetaclass(a: int)',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: T',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        "   alias of TypeVar('T', bound=\\ :py:class:`~pathlib.PurePosixPath`)",
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: complex_func(arg1: str, arg2: List[int], arg3: Tuple[int, '
+        'Union[str, Unknown]] = None, *args: str, **kwargs: str) -> None',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: decr(a: int, b: int = 1) -> int',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: incr(a: int, b: int = 1) -> int',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: missing_attr(c, a: str, b: Optional[str] = None) -> str',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: tuple_args(x: tuple[int, int | str]) -> tuple[int, int]',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc',
+                    confoverrides={'autodoc_typehints': "none"})
+def test_autodoc_typehints_none(app):
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "undoc-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.typehints', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: CONST1',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: CONST2',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '   :value: 1',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: CONST3',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        "   :value: PurePosixPath('/a/b/c')",
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Math(s, o=None)',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Math.CONST1',
+        '      :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Math.CONST2',
+        '      :module: target.typehints',
+        '      :value: 1',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Math.CONST3',
+        '      :module: target.typehints',
+        "      :value: PurePosixPath('/a/b/c')",
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Math.decr(a, b=1)',
+        '      :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Math.horse(a, b)',
+        '      :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Math.incr(a, b=1)',
+        '      :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Math.nothing()',
+        '      :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:property:: Math.path',
+        '      :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:property:: Math.prop',
+        '      :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: NewAnnotation(i)',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: NewComment(i)',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: SignatureFromMetaclass(a)',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: T',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        "   alias of TypeVar('T', bound=\\ :py:class:`~pathlib.PurePosixPath`)",
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: complex_func(arg1, arg2, arg3=None, *args, **kwargs)',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: decr(a, b=1)',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: incr(a, b=1)',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: missing_attr(c, a, b=None)',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: tuple_args(x)',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc',
+                    confoverrides={'autodoc_typehints': 'none'})
+def test_autodoc_typehints_none_for_overload(app):
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.overload', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.overload',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Bar(x, y)',
+        '   :module: target.overload',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Baz(x, y)',
+        '   :module: target.overload',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Foo(x, y)',
+        '   :module: target.overload',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Math()',
+        '   :module: target.overload',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Math.sum(x, y=None)',
+        '      :module: target.overload',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: sum(x, y=None)',
+        '   :module: target.overload',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text', testroot='ext-autodoc',
+                    confoverrides={'autodoc_typehints': "description"},
+                    freshenv=True)
+def test_autodoc_typehints_description(app):
+    app.build()
+    context = (app.outdir / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('target.typehints.incr(a, b=1)\n'
+            '\n'
+            '   Parameters:\n'
+            '      * **a** (*int*) --\n'
+            '\n'
+            '      * **b** (*int*) --\n'
+            '\n'
+            '   Return type:\n'
+            '      int\n'
+            in context)
+    assert ('target.typehints.tuple_args(x)\n'
+            '\n'
+            '   Parameters:\n'
+            '      **x** (*tuple**[**int**, **int** | **str**]*) --\n'
+            '\n'
+            '   Return type:\n'
+            '      tuple[int, int]\n'
+            in context)
+
+    # Overloads still get displayed in the signature
+    assert ('target.overload.sum(x: int, y: int = 0) -> int\n'
+            'target.overload.sum(x: float, y: float = 0.0) -> float\n'
+            'target.overload.sum(x: str, y: str = None) -> str\n'
+            '\n'
+            '   docstring\n'
+            in context)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text', testroot='ext-autodoc',
+                    confoverrides={'autodoc_typehints': "description",
+                                   'autodoc_typehints_description_target': 'documented'})
+def test_autodoc_typehints_description_no_undoc(app):
+    # No :type: or :rtype: will be injected for `incr`, which does not have
+    # a description for its parameters or its return. `tuple_args` does
+    # describe them, so :type: and :rtype: will be added.
+    with overwrite_file(app.srcdir / 'index.rst',
+                        '.. autofunction:: target.typehints.incr\n'
+                        '\n'
+                        '.. autofunction:: target.typehints.decr\n'
+                        '\n'
+                        '   :returns: decremented number\n'
+                        '\n'
+                        '.. autofunction:: target.typehints.tuple_args\n'
+                        '\n'
+                        '   :param x: arg\n'
+                        '   :return: another tuple\n'):
+        app.build()
+    # Restore the original content of the file
+    context = (app.outdir / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('target.typehints.incr(a, b=1)\n'
+            '\n'
+            'target.typehints.decr(a, b=1)\n'
+            '\n'
+            '   Returns:\n'
+            '      decremented number\n'
+            '\n'
+            '   Return type:\n'
+            '      int\n'
+            '\n'
+            'target.typehints.tuple_args(x)\n'
+            '\n'
+            '   Parameters:\n'
+            '      **x** (*tuple**[**int**, **int** | **str**]*) -- arg\n'
+            '\n'
+            '   Returns:\n'
+            '      another tuple\n'
+            '\n'
+            '   Return type:\n'
+            '      tuple[int, int]\n'
+            in context)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text', testroot='ext-autodoc',
+                    confoverrides={'autodoc_typehints': "description",
+                                   'autodoc_typehints_description_target': 'documented_params'})
+def test_autodoc_typehints_description_no_undoc_doc_rtype(app):
+    # No :type: will be injected for `incr`, which does not have a description
+    # for its parameters or its return, just :rtype: will be injected due to
+    # autodoc_typehints_description_target. `tuple_args` does describe both, so
+    # :type: and :rtype: will be added. `nothing` has no parameters but a return
+    # type of None, which will be added.
+    with overwrite_file(app.srcdir / 'index.rst',
+                        '.. autofunction:: target.typehints.incr\n'
+                        '\n'
+                        '.. autofunction:: target.typehints.decr\n'
+                        '\n'
+                        '   :returns: decremented number\n'
+                        '\n'
+                        '.. autofunction:: target.typehints.tuple_args\n'
+                        '\n'
+                        '   :param x: arg\n'
+                        '   :return: another tuple\n'
+                        '\n'
+                        '.. autofunction:: target.typehints.Math.nothing\n'
+                        '\n'
+                        '.. autofunction:: target.typehints.Math.horse\n'
+                        '\n'
+                        '   :return: nothing\n'):
+        app.build()
+    context = (app.outdir / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert context == (
+        'target.typehints.incr(a, b=1)\n'
+        '\n'
+        '   Return type:\n'
+        '      int\n'
+        '\n'
+        'target.typehints.decr(a, b=1)\n'
+        '\n'
+        '   Returns:\n'
+        '      decremented number\n'
+        '\n'
+        '   Return type:\n'
+        '      int\n'
+        '\n'
+        'target.typehints.tuple_args(x)\n'
+        '\n'
+        '   Parameters:\n'
+        '      **x** (*tuple**[**int**, **int** | **str**]*) -- arg\n'
+        '\n'
+        '   Returns:\n'
+        '      another tuple\n'
+        '\n'
+        '   Return type:\n'
+        '      tuple[int, int]\n'
+        '\n'
+        'target.typehints.Math.nothing(self)\n'
+        '\n'
+        'target.typehints.Math.horse(self, a, b)\n'
+        '\n'
+        '   Returns:\n'
+        '      nothing\n'
+        '\n'
+        '   Return type:\n'
+        '      None\n'
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text', testroot='ext-autodoc',
+                    confoverrides={'autodoc_typehints': "description"})
+def test_autodoc_typehints_description_with_documented_init(app):
+    with overwrite_file(app.srcdir / 'index.rst',
+                        '.. autoclass:: target.typehints._ClassWithDocumentedInit\n'
+                        '   :special-members: __init__\n'):
+        app.build()
+    context = (app.outdir / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert context == (
+        'class target.typehints._ClassWithDocumentedInit(x, *args, **kwargs)\n'
+        '\n'
+        '   Class docstring.\n'
+        '\n'
+        '   Parameters:\n'
+        '      * **x** (*int*) --\n'
+        '\n'
+        '      * **args** (*int*) --\n'
+        '\n'
+        '      * **kwargs** (*int*) --\n'
+        '\n'
+        '   __init__(x, *args, **kwargs)\n'
+        '\n'
+        '      Init docstring.\n'
+        '\n'
+        '      Parameters:\n'
+        '         * **x** (*int*) -- Some integer\n'
+        '\n'
+        '         * **args** (*int*) -- Some integer\n'
+        '\n'
+        '         * **kwargs** (*int*) -- Some integer\n'
+        '\n'
+        '      Return type:\n'
+        '         None\n'
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text', testroot='ext-autodoc',
+                    confoverrides={'autodoc_typehints': "description",
+                                   'autodoc_typehints_description_target': 'documented'})
+def test_autodoc_typehints_description_with_documented_init_no_undoc(app):
+    with overwrite_file(app.srcdir / 'index.rst',
+                        '.. autoclass:: target.typehints._ClassWithDocumentedInit\n'
+                        '   :special-members: __init__\n'):
+        app.build()
+    context = (app.outdir / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert context == (
+        'class target.typehints._ClassWithDocumentedInit(x, *args, **kwargs)\n'
+        '\n'
+        '   Class docstring.\n'
+        '\n'
+        '   __init__(x, *args, **kwargs)\n'
+        '\n'
+        '      Init docstring.\n'
+        '\n'
+        '      Parameters:\n'
+        '         * **x** (*int*) -- Some integer\n'
+        '\n'
+        '         * **args** (*int*) -- Some integer\n'
+        '\n'
+        '         * **kwargs** (*int*) -- Some integer\n'
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text', testroot='ext-autodoc',
+                    confoverrides={'autodoc_typehints': "description",
+                                   'autodoc_typehints_description_target': 'documented_params'})
+def test_autodoc_typehints_description_with_documented_init_no_undoc_doc_rtype(app):
+    # see test_autodoc_typehints_description_with_documented_init_no_undoc
+    # returnvalue_and_documented_params should not change class or method
+    # docstring.
+    with overwrite_file(app.srcdir / 'index.rst',
+                        '.. autoclass:: target.typehints._ClassWithDocumentedInit\n'
+                        '   :special-members: __init__\n'):
+        app.build()
+    context = (app.outdir / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert context == (
+        'class target.typehints._ClassWithDocumentedInit(x, *args, **kwargs)\n'
+        '\n'
+        '   Class docstring.\n'
+        '\n'
+        '   __init__(x, *args, **kwargs)\n'
+        '\n'
+        '      Init docstring.\n'
+        '\n'
+        '      Parameters:\n'
+        '         * **x** (*int*) -- Some integer\n'
+        '\n'
+        '         * **args** (*int*) -- Some integer\n'
+        '\n'
+        '         * **kwargs** (*int*) -- Some integer\n'
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text', testroot='ext-autodoc',
+                    confoverrides={'autodoc_typehints': "description"})
+def test_autodoc_typehints_description_for_invalid_node(app):
+    text = ".. py:function:: hello; world"
+    restructuredtext.parse(app, text)  # raises no error
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text', testroot='ext-autodoc',
+                    confoverrides={'autodoc_typehints': "both"})
+def test_autodoc_typehints_both(app):
+    with overwrite_file(app.srcdir / 'index.rst',
+                        '.. autofunction:: target.typehints.incr\n'
+                        '\n'
+                        '.. autofunction:: target.typehints.tuple_args\n'
+                        '\n'
+                        '.. autofunction:: target.overload.sum\n'):
+        app.build()
+    context = (app.outdir / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('target.typehints.incr(a: int, b: int = 1) -> int\n'
+            '\n'
+            '   Parameters:\n'
+            '      * **a** (*int*) --\n'
+            '\n'
+            '      * **b** (*int*) --\n'
+            '\n'
+            '   Return type:\n'
+            '      int\n'
+            in context)
+    assert ('target.typehints.tuple_args(x: tuple[int, int | str]) -> tuple[int, int]\n'
+            '\n'
+            '   Parameters:\n'
+            '      **x** (*tuple**[**int**, **int** | **str**]*) --\n'
+            '\n'
+            '   Return type:\n'
+            '      tuple[int, int]\n'
+            in context)
+
+    # Overloads still get displayed in the signature
+    assert ('target.overload.sum(x: int, y: int = 0) -> int\n'
+            'target.overload.sum(x: float, y: float = 0.0) -> float\n'
+            'target.overload.sum(x: str, y: str = None) -> str\n'
+            '\n'
+            '   docstring\n'
+            in context)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_type_aliases(app):
+    # default
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.autodoc_type_aliases', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Foo()',
+        '   :module: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Foo.attr1',
+        '      :module: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Foo.attr2',
+        '      :module: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: mult(x: int, y: int) -> int',
+        '                 mult(x: float, y: float) -> float',
+        '   :module: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: read(r: ~_io.BytesIO) -> ~_io.StringIO',
+        '   :module: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: sum(x: int, y: int) -> int',
+        '   :module: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: variable',
+        '   :module: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
+        '   :type: int',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: variable2',
+        '   :module: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
+        '   :type: int',
+        '   :value: None',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: variable3',
+        '   :module: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
+        '   :type: int | None',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+    # define aliases
+    app.config.autodoc_type_aliases = {'myint': 'myint',
+                                       'io.StringIO': 'my.module.StringIO'}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.autodoc_type_aliases', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Foo()',
+        '   :module: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Foo.attr1',
+        '      :module: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
+        '      :type: myint',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Foo.attr2',
+        '      :module: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
+        '      :type: myint',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: mult(x: myint, y: myint) -> myint',
+        '                 mult(x: float, y: float) -> float',
+        '   :module: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: read(r: ~_io.BytesIO) -> my.module.StringIO',
+        '   :module: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: sum(x: myint, y: myint) -> myint',
+        '   :module: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: variable',
+        '   :module: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
+        '   :type: myint',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: variable2',
+        '   :module: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
+        '   :type: myint',
+        '   :value: None',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: variable3',
+        '   :module: target.autodoc_type_aliases',
+        '   :type: myint | None',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text', testroot='ext-autodoc',
+                    srcdir='autodoc_typehints_description_and_type_aliases',
+                    confoverrides={'autodoc_typehints': "description",
+                                   'autodoc_type_aliases': {'myint': 'myint'}})
+def test_autodoc_typehints_description_and_type_aliases(app):
+    with overwrite_file(app.srcdir / 'autodoc_type_aliases.rst',
+                        '.. autofunction:: target.autodoc_type_aliases.sum'):
+        app.build()
+    context = (app.outdir / 'autodoc_type_aliases.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert context == (
+        'target.autodoc_type_aliases.sum(x, y)\n'
+        '\n'
+        '   docstring\n'
+        '\n'
+        '   Parameters:\n'
+        '      * **x** (*myint*) --\n'
+        '\n'
+        '      * **y** (*myint*) --\n'
+        '\n'
+        '   Return type:\n'
+        '      myint\n'
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc',
+                    confoverrides={'autodoc_typehints_format': "fully-qualified"})
+def test_autodoc_typehints_format_fully_qualified(app):
+    if sys.version_info[:2] <= (3, 10):
+        type_o = "typing.Any | None"
+    else:
+        type_o = "typing.Any"
+
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "undoc-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.typehints', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: CONST1',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '   :type: int',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: CONST2',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '   :type: int',
+        '   :value: 1',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: CONST3',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '   :type: pathlib.PurePosixPath',
+        "   :value: PurePosixPath('/a/b/c')",
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Math(s: str, o: %s = None)' % type_o,
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Math.CONST1',
+        '      :module: target.typehints',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Math.CONST2',
+        '      :module: target.typehints',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '      :value: 1',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Math.CONST3',
+        '      :module: target.typehints',
+        '      :type: pathlib.PurePosixPath',
+        "      :value: PurePosixPath('/a/b/c')",
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Math.decr(a: int, b: int = 1) -> int',
+        '      :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Math.horse(a: str, b: int) -> None',
+        '      :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Math.incr(a: int, b: int = 1) -> int',
+        '      :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Math.nothing() -> None',
+        '      :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:property:: Math.path',
+        '      :module: target.typehints',
+        '      :type: pathlib.PurePosixPath',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:property:: Math.prop',
+        '      :module: target.typehints',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: NewAnnotation(i: int)',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: NewComment(i: int)',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: SignatureFromMetaclass(a: int)',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: T',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        "   alias of TypeVar('T', bound=\\ :py:class:`pathlib.PurePosixPath`)",
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: complex_func(arg1: str, arg2: List[int], arg3: Tuple[int, '
+        'Union[str, Unknown]] = None, *args: str, **kwargs: str) -> None',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: decr(a: int, b: int = 1) -> int',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: incr(a: int, b: int = 1) -> int',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: missing_attr(c, a: str, b: Optional[str] = None) -> str',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: tuple_args(x: tuple[int, int | str]) -> tuple[int, int]',
+        '   :module: target.typehints',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc',
+                    confoverrides={'autodoc_typehints_format': "fully-qualified"})
+def test_autodoc_typehints_format_fully_qualified_for_class_alias(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.classes.Alias')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:attribute:: Alias',
+        '   :module: target.classes',
+        '',
+        '   alias of :py:class:`target.classes.Foo`',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc',
+                    confoverrides={'autodoc_typehints_format': "fully-qualified"})
+def test_autodoc_typehints_format_fully_qualified_for_generic_alias(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'data', 'target.genericalias.L')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: L',
+        '   :module: target.genericalias',
+        '',
+        '   A list of Class',
+        '',
+        '   alias of :py:class:`~typing.List`\\ [:py:class:`target.genericalias.Class`]',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc',
+                    confoverrides={'autodoc_typehints_format': "fully-qualified"})
+def test_autodoc_typehints_format_fully_qualified_for_newtype_alias(app):
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.typevar.T6')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: T6',
+        '   :module: target.typevar',
+        '',
+        '   T6',
+        '',
+        '   alias of :py:class:`datetime.date`',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_default_options(app):
+    # no settings
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.enums.EnumCls')
+    assert '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val1' not in actual
+    assert '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val4' not in actual
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.CustomIter')
+    assert '   .. py:method:: target.CustomIter' not in actual
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target')
+    assert '.. py:function:: function_to_be_imported(app)' not in actual
+
+    # with :members:
+    app.config.autodoc_default_options = {'members': None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.enums.EnumCls')
+    assert '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val1' in actual
+    assert '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val4' not in actual
+
+    # with :members: = True
+    app.config.autodoc_default_options = {'members': None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.enums.EnumCls')
+    assert '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val1' in actual
+    assert '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val4' not in actual
+
+    # with :members: and :undoc-members:
+    app.config.autodoc_default_options = {
+        'members': None,
+        'undoc-members': None,
+    }
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.enums.EnumCls')
+    assert '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val1' in actual
+    assert '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val4' in actual
+
+    # with :special-members:
+    # Note that :members: must be *on* for :special-members: to work.
+    app.config.autodoc_default_options = {
+        'members': None,
+        'special-members': None,
+    }
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.CustomIter')
+    assert '   .. py:method:: CustomIter.__init__()' in actual
+    assert '      Create a new `CustomIter`.' in actual
+    assert '   .. py:method:: CustomIter.__iter__()' in actual
+    assert '      Iterate squares of each value.' in actual
+    if not IS_PYPY:
+        assert '   .. py:attribute:: CustomIter.__weakref__' in actual
+        assert '      list of weak references to the object (if defined)' in actual
+
+    # :exclude-members: None - has no effect. Unlike :members:,
+    # :special-members:, etc. where None == "include all", here None means
+    # "no/false/off".
+    app.config.autodoc_default_options = {
+        'members': None,
+        'exclude-members': None,
+    }
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.enums.EnumCls')
+    assert '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val1' in actual
+    assert '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val4' not in actual
+    app.config.autodoc_default_options = {
+        'members': None,
+        'special-members': None,
+        'exclude-members': None,
+    }
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.CustomIter')
+    assert '   .. py:method:: CustomIter.__init__()' in actual
+    assert '      Create a new `CustomIter`.' in actual
+    assert '   .. py:method:: CustomIter.__iter__()' in actual
+    assert '      Iterate squares of each value.' in actual
+    if not IS_PYPY:
+        assert '   .. py:attribute:: CustomIter.__weakref__' in actual
+        assert '      list of weak references to the object (if defined)' in actual
+    assert '   .. py:method:: CustomIter.snafucate()' in actual
+    assert '      Makes this snafucated.' in actual
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_autodoc_default_options_with_values(app):
+    # with :members:
+    app.config.autodoc_default_options = {'members': 'val1,val2'}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.enums.EnumCls')
+    assert '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val1' in actual
+    assert '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val2' in actual
+    assert '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val3' not in actual
+    assert '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val4' not in actual
+
+    # with :member-order:
+    app.config.autodoc_default_options = {
+        'members': None,
+        'member-order': 'bysource',
+    }
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.Class')
+    assert list(filter(lambda l: '::' in l, actual)) == [
+        '.. py:class:: Class(arg)',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.meth()',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.skipmeth()',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.excludemeth()',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.attr',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.docattr',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.udocattr',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.mdocattr',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.moore(a, e, f) -> happiness',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_inline',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_comment',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Class.inst_attr_string',
+    ]
+
+    # with :special-members:
+    app.config.autodoc_default_options = {
+        'special-members': '__init__,__iter__',
+    }
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.CustomIter')
+    assert '   .. py:method:: CustomIter.__init__()' in actual
+    assert '      Create a new `CustomIter`.' in actual
+    assert '   .. py:method:: CustomIter.__iter__()' in actual
+    assert '      Iterate squares of each value.' in actual
+    if not IS_PYPY:
+        assert '   .. py:attribute:: CustomIter.__weakref__' not in actual
+        assert '      list of weak references to the object (if defined)' not in actual
+
+    # with :exclude-members:
+    app.config.autodoc_default_options = {
+        'members': None,
+        'exclude-members': 'val1',
+    }
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.enums.EnumCls')
+    assert '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val1' not in actual
+    assert '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val2' in actual
+    assert '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val3' in actual
+    assert '   .. py:attribute:: EnumCls.val4' not in actual
+    app.config.autodoc_default_options = {
+        'members': None,
+        'special-members': None,
+        'exclude-members': '__weakref__,snafucate',
+    }
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.CustomIter')
+    assert '   .. py:method:: CustomIter.__init__()' in actual
+    assert '      Create a new `CustomIter`.' in actual
+    assert '   .. py:method:: CustomIter.__iter__()' in actual
+    assert '      Iterate squares of each value.' in actual
+    if not IS_PYPY:
+        assert '   .. py:attribute:: CustomIter.__weakref__' not in actual
+        assert '      list of weak references to the object (if defined)' not in actual
+    assert '   .. py:method:: CustomIter.snafucate()' not in actual
+    assert '      Makes this snafucated.' not in actual
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_autodoc_events.py b/tests/test_ext_autodoc_events.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d821f4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_ext_autodoc_events.py
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+"""Test the autodoc extension.  This tests mainly for autodoc events"""
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx.ext.autodoc import between, cut_lines
+
+from .test_ext_autodoc import do_autodoc
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_process_docstring(app):
+    def on_process_docstring(app, what, name, obj, options, lines):
+        lines.clear()
+        lines.append('my docstring')
+
+    app.connect('autodoc-process-docstring', on_process_docstring)
+
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.process_docstring.func')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: func()',
+        '   :module: target.process_docstring',
+        '',
+        '   my docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_process_docstring_for_nondatadescriptor(app):
+    def on_process_docstring(app, what, name, obj, options, lines):
+        raise
+
+    app.connect('autodoc-process-docstring', on_process_docstring)
+
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'attribute', 'target.AttCls.a1')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:attribute:: AttCls.a1',
+        '   :module: target',
+        '   :value: hello world',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_cut_lines(app):
+    app.connect('autodoc-process-docstring',
+                cut_lines(2, 2, ['function']))
+
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.process_docstring.func')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: func()',
+        '   :module: target.process_docstring',
+        '',
+        '   second line',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_between(app):
+    app.connect('autodoc-process-docstring',
+                between('---', ['function']))
+
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.process_docstring.func')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: func()',
+        '   :module: target.process_docstring',
+        '',
+        '   second line',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_between_exclude(app):
+    app.connect('autodoc-process-docstring',
+                between('---', ['function'], exclude=True))
+
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'function', 'target.process_docstring.func')
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: func()',
+        '   :module: target.process_docstring',
+        '',
+        '   first line',
+        '   third line',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_skip_module_member(app):
+    def autodoc_skip_member(app, what, name, obj, skip, options):
+        if name == "Class":
+            return True  # Skip "Class" class in __all__
+        elif name == "raises":
+            return False  # Show "raises()" function (not in __all__)
+        return None
+
+    app.connect('autodoc-skip-member', autodoc_skip_member)
+
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: raises(exc, func, *args, **kwds)',
+        '   :module: target',
+        '',
+        '   Raise AssertionError if ``func(*args, **kwds)`` does not raise *exc*.',
+        '',
+    ]
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_autodoc_mock.py b/tests/test_ext_autodoc_mock.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3b90693
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_ext_autodoc_mock.py
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+"""Test the autodoc extension."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import abc
+import sys
+from importlib import import_module
+from typing import TypeVar
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx.ext.autodoc.mock import _MockModule, _MockObject, ismock, mock, undecorate
+
+
+def test_MockModule():
+    mock = _MockModule('mocked_module')
+    assert isinstance(mock.some_attr, _MockObject)
+    assert isinstance(mock.some_method, _MockObject)
+    assert isinstance(mock.attr1.attr2, _MockObject)
+    assert isinstance(mock.attr1.attr2.meth(), _MockObject)
+
+    assert repr(mock.some_attr) == 'mocked_module.some_attr'
+    assert repr(mock.some_method) == 'mocked_module.some_method'
+    assert repr(mock.attr1.attr2) == 'mocked_module.attr1.attr2'
+    assert repr(mock.attr1.attr2.meth) == 'mocked_module.attr1.attr2.meth'
+
+    assert repr(mock) == 'mocked_module'
+
+
+def test_MockObject():
+    mock = _MockObject()
+    assert isinstance(mock.some_attr, _MockObject)
+    assert isinstance(mock.some_method, _MockObject)
+    assert isinstance(mock.attr1.attr2, _MockObject)
+    assert isinstance(mock.attr1.attr2.meth(), _MockObject)
+
+    # subclassing
+    class SubClass(mock.SomeClass):
+        """docstring of SubClass"""
+
+        def method(self):
+            return "string"
+
+    obj = SubClass()
+    assert SubClass.__doc__ == "docstring of SubClass"
+    assert isinstance(obj, SubClass)
+    assert obj.method() == "string"
+    assert isinstance(obj.other_method(), SubClass)
+
+    # parametrized type
+    T = TypeVar('T')
+
+    class SubClass2(mock.SomeClass[T]):
+        """docstring of SubClass"""
+
+    obj2 = SubClass2()
+    assert SubClass2.__doc__ == "docstring of SubClass"
+    assert isinstance(obj2, SubClass2)
+
+
+def test_mock():
+    modname = 'sphinx.unknown'
+    submodule = modname + '.submodule'
+    assert modname not in sys.modules
+    with pytest.raises(ImportError):
+        import_module(modname)
+
+    with mock([modname]):
+        import_module(modname)
+        assert modname in sys.modules
+        assert isinstance(sys.modules[modname], _MockModule)
+
+        # submodules are also mocked
+        import_module(submodule)
+        assert submodule in sys.modules
+        assert isinstance(sys.modules[submodule], _MockModule)
+
+    assert modname not in sys.modules
+    with pytest.raises(ImportError):
+        import_module(modname)
+
+
+def test_mock_does_not_follow_upper_modules():
+    with mock(['sphinx.unknown.module']):  # NoQA: SIM117
+        with pytest.raises(ImportError):
+            import_module('sphinx.unknown')
+
+
+def test_abc_MockObject():
+    mock = _MockObject()
+
+    class Base:
+        @abc.abstractmethod
+        def __init__(self):
+            pass
+
+    class Derived(Base, mock.SubClass):
+        pass
+
+    obj = Derived()
+    assert isinstance(obj, Base)
+    assert isinstance(obj, _MockObject)
+    assert isinstance(obj.some_method(), Derived)
+
+
+def test_mock_decorator():
+    mock = _MockObject()
+
+    @mock.function_deco
+    def func():
+        pass
+
+    class Foo:
+        @mock.method_deco
+        def meth(self):
+            pass
+
+        @classmethod
+        @mock.method_deco
+        def class_meth(cls):
+            pass
+
+    @mock.class_deco
+    class Bar:
+        pass
+
+    @mock.funcion_deco(Foo)
+    class Baz:
+        pass
+
+    assert undecorate(func).__name__ == "func"
+    assert undecorate(Foo.meth).__name__ == "meth"
+    assert undecorate(Foo.class_meth).__name__ == "class_meth"
+    assert undecorate(Bar).__name__ == "Bar"
+    assert undecorate(Baz).__name__ == "Baz"
+
+
+def test_ismock():
+    with mock(['sphinx.unknown']):
+        mod1 = import_module('sphinx.unknown')
+        mod2 = import_module('sphinx.application')
+
+        class Inherited(mod1.Class):
+            pass
+
+        assert ismock(mod1) is True
+        assert ismock(mod1.Class) is True
+        assert ismock(mod1.submod.Class) is True
+        assert ismock(Inherited) is False
+
+        assert ismock(mod2) is False
+        assert ismock(mod2.Sphinx) is False
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_autodoc_preserve_defaults.py b/tests/test_ext_autodoc_preserve_defaults.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..70b6146
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_ext_autodoc_preserve_defaults.py
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+"""Test the autodoc extension."""
+
+import pytest
+
+from .test_ext_autodoc import do_autodoc
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc',
+                    confoverrides={'autodoc_preserve_defaults': True})
+def test_preserve_defaults(app):
+    color = "0xFFFFFF"
+
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.preserve_defaults', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.preserve_defaults',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Class()',
+        '   :module: target.preserve_defaults',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.clsmeth(name: str = CONSTANT, sentinel: ~typing.Any = '
+        'SENTINEL, now: ~datetime.datetime = datetime.now(), color: int = %s, *, '
+        'kwarg1, kwarg2=%s) -> None' % (color, color),
+        '      :module: target.preserve_defaults',
+        '      :classmethod:',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:method:: Class.meth(name: str = CONSTANT, sentinel: ~typing.Any = '
+        'SENTINEL, now: ~datetime.datetime = datetime.now(), color: int = %s, *, '
+        'kwarg1, kwarg2=%s) -> None' % (color, color),
+        '      :module: target.preserve_defaults',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: MultiLine()',
+        '   :module: target.preserve_defaults',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:property:: MultiLine.prop1',
+        '      :module: target.preserve_defaults',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:property:: MultiLine.prop2',
+        '      :module: target.preserve_defaults',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:property:: MultiLine.prop3',
+        '      :module: target.preserve_defaults',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:property:: MultiLine.prop4',
+        '      :module: target.preserve_defaults',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:property:: MultiLine.prop5',
+        '      :module: target.preserve_defaults',
+        '',
+        '      docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: foo(name: str = CONSTANT, sentinel: ~typing.Any = SENTINEL, '
+        'now: ~datetime.datetime = datetime.now(), color: int = %s, *, kwarg1, '
+        'kwarg2=%s) -> None' % (color, color),
+        '   :module: target.preserve_defaults',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: get_sentinel(custom=SENTINEL)',
+        '   :module: target.preserve_defaults',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc',
+                    confoverrides={'autodoc_preserve_defaults': True})
+def test_preserve_defaults_special_constructs(app):
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.preserve_defaults_special_constructs', options)
+
+    # * dataclasses.dataclass:
+    #   - __init__ source code is not available
+    #   - default values specified at class level are not discovered
+    #   - values wrapped in a field(...) expression cannot be analyzed
+    #     easily even if annotations were to be parsed
+    # * typing.NamedTuple:
+    #   - __init__ source code is not available
+    #   - default values specified at class level are not discovered
+    # * collections.namedtuple:
+    #   - default values are specified as "default=(d1, d2, ...)"
+    #
+    # In the future, it might be possible to find some additional default
+    # values by parsing the source code of the annotations but the task is
+    # rather complex.
+
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.preserve_defaults_special_constructs',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: DataClass('
+        'a: int, b: object = <object object>, c: list[int] = <factory>)',
+        '   :module: target.preserve_defaults_special_constructs',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: DataClassNoInit()',
+        '   :module: target.preserve_defaults_special_constructs',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: MyNamedTuple1('
+        'a: int, b: object = <object object>, c: list[int] = [1, 2, 3])',
+        '   :module: target.preserve_defaults_special_constructs',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: MyNamedTuple1.a',
+        '      :module: target.preserve_defaults_special_constructs',
+        '      :type: int',
+        '',
+        '      Alias for field number 0',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: MyNamedTuple1.b',
+        '      :module: target.preserve_defaults_special_constructs',
+        '      :type: object',
+        '',
+        '      Alias for field number 1',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: MyNamedTuple1.c',
+        '      :module: target.preserve_defaults_special_constructs',
+        '      :type: list[int]',
+        '',
+        '      Alias for field number 2',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: MyNamedTuple2(a=0, b=<object object>)',
+        '   :module: target.preserve_defaults_special_constructs',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: MyTypedDict',
+        '   :module: target.preserve_defaults_special_constructs',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: SENTINEL',
+        '   :module: target.preserve_defaults_special_constructs',
+        '   :value: <object object>',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: foo(x, y, z=SENTINEL)',
+        '   :module: target.preserve_defaults_special_constructs',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: ze_lambda(z=SENTINEL)',
+        '   :module: target.preserve_defaults_special_constructs',
+        '',
+        '   docstring',
+        '',
+    ]
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_autodoc_private_members.py b/tests/test_ext_autodoc_private_members.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bf707bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_ext_autodoc_private_members.py
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+"""Test the autodoc extension.  This tests mainly for private-members option.
+"""
+
+import pytest
+
+from .test_ext_autodoc import do_autodoc
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_private_field(app):
+    app.config.autoclass_content = 'class'
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.private', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.private',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: _PUBLIC_CONSTANT',
+        '   :module: target.private',
+        '   :value: None',
+        '',
+        '   :meta public:',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: _public_function(name)',
+        '   :module: target.private',
+        '',
+        '   public_function is a docstring().',
+        '',
+        '   :meta public:',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_private_field_and_private_members(app):
+    app.config.autoclass_content = 'class'
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "private-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.private', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.private',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: PRIVATE_CONSTANT',
+        '   :module: target.private',
+        '   :value: None',
+        '',
+        '   :meta private:',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: _PUBLIC_CONSTANT',
+        '   :module: target.private',
+        '   :value: None',
+        '',
+        '   :meta public:',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: _public_function(name)',
+        '   :module: target.private',
+        '',
+        '   public_function is a docstring().',
+        '',
+        '   :meta public:',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: private_function(name)',
+        '   :module: target.private',
+        '',
+        '   private_function is a docstring().',
+        '',
+        '   :meta private:',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_private_members(app):
+    app.config.autoclass_content = 'class'
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "private-members": "_PUBLIC_CONSTANT,_public_function"}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'module', 'target.private', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:module:: target.private',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:data:: _PUBLIC_CONSTANT',
+        '   :module: target.private',
+        '   :value: None',
+        '',
+        '   :meta public:',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '.. py:function:: _public_function(name)',
+        '   :module: target.private',
+        '',
+        '   public_function is a docstring().',
+        '',
+        '   :meta public:',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_private_attributes(app):
+    app.config.autoclass_content = 'class'
+    options = {"members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.private.Foo', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Foo()',
+        '   :module: target.private',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Foo._public_attribute',
+        '      :module: target.private',
+        '      :value: 47',
+        '',
+        '      A public class attribute whose name starts with an underscore.',
+        '',
+        '      :meta public:',
+        '',
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autodoc')
+def test_private_attributes_and_private_members(app):
+    app.config.autoclass_content = 'class'
+    options = {"members": None,
+               "private-members": None}
+    actual = do_autodoc(app, 'class', 'target.private.Foo', options)
+    assert list(actual) == [
+        '',
+        '.. py:class:: Foo()',
+        '   :module: target.private',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Foo._public_attribute',
+        '      :module: target.private',
+        '      :value: 47',
+        '',
+        '      A public class attribute whose name starts with an underscore.',
+        '',
+        '      :meta public:',
+        '',
+        '',
+        '   .. py:attribute:: Foo.private_attribute',
+        '      :module: target.private',
+        '      :value: 11',
+        '',
+        '      A private class attribute whose name does not start with an underscore.',
+        '',
+        '      :meta private:',
+        '',
+    ]
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_autosectionlabel.py b/tests/test_ext_autosectionlabel.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f99a6d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_ext_autosectionlabel.py
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+"""Test sphinx.ext.autosectionlabel extension."""
+
+import re
+
+import pytest
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autosectionlabel')
+def test_autosectionlabel_html(app, status, warning, skipped_labels=False):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    html = ('<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#introduce-of-sphinx">'
+            '<span class=".*?">Introduce of Sphinx</span></a></p></li>')
+    assert re.search(html, content, re.S)
+
+    html = ('<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#installation">'
+            '<span class="std std-ref">Installation</span></a></p></li>')
+    assert re.search(html, content, re.S)
+
+    html = ('<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#for-windows-users">'
+            '<span class="std std-ref">For Windows users</span></a></p></li>')
+    assert re.search(html, content, re.S)
+
+    html = ('<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#for-unix-users">'
+            '<span class="std std-ref">For UNIX users</span></a></p></li>')
+    assert re.search(html, content, re.S)
+
+    html = ('<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#linux">'
+            '<span class="std std-ref">Linux</span></a></p></li>')
+    assert re.search(html, content, re.S)
+
+    html = ('<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#freebsd">'
+            '<span class="std std-ref">FreeBSD</span></a></p></li>')
+    assert re.search(html, content, re.S)
+
+    # for smart_quotes (refs: #4027)
+    html = ('<li><p><a class="reference internal" '
+            'href="#this-one-s-got-an-apostrophe">'
+            '<span class="std std-ref">This one’s got an apostrophe'
+            '</span></a></p></li>')
+    assert re.search(html, content, re.S)
+
+
+# Re-use test definition from above, just change the test root directory
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autosectionlabel-prefix-document')
+def test_autosectionlabel_prefix_document_html(app, status, warning):
+    test_autosectionlabel_html(app, status, warning)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-autosectionlabel',
+                    confoverrides={'autosectionlabel_maxdepth': 3})
+def test_autosectionlabel_maxdepth(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    # depth: 1
+    html = ('<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#test-ext-autosectionlabel">'
+            '<span class=".*?">test-ext-autosectionlabel</span></a></p></li>')
+    assert re.search(html, content, re.S)
+
+    # depth: 2
+    html = ('<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#installation">'
+            '<span class="std std-ref">Installation</span></a></p></li>')
+    assert re.search(html, content, re.S)
+
+    # depth: 3
+    html = ('<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="#for-windows-users">'
+            '<span class="std std-ref">For Windows users</span></a></p></li>')
+    assert re.search(html, content, re.S)
+
+    # depth: 4
+    html = '<li><p><span class="xref std std-ref">Linux</span></p></li>'
+    assert re.search(html, content, re.S)
+
+    assert "WARNING: undefined label: 'linux'" in warning.getvalue()
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_autosummary.py b/tests/test_ext_autosummary.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..43f3ae0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_ext_autosummary.py
@@ -0,0 +1,686 @@
+"""Test the autosummary extension."""
+
+import sys
+from io import StringIO
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
+
+import pytest
+from docutils import nodes
+
+from sphinx import addnodes
+from sphinx.ext.autosummary import (
+    autosummary_table,
+    autosummary_toc,
+    extract_summary,
+    import_by_name,
+    mangle_signature,
+)
+from sphinx.ext.autosummary.generate import (
+    AutosummaryEntry,
+    generate_autosummary_content,
+    generate_autosummary_docs,
+)
+from sphinx.ext.autosummary.generate import main as autogen_main
+from sphinx.testing.util import assert_node, etree_parse
+from sphinx.util.docutils import new_document
+
+try:
+    from contextlib import chdir
+except ImportError:
+    from sphinx.util.osutil import _chdir as chdir
+
+html_warnfile = StringIO()
+
+
+default_kw = {
+    'testroot': 'autosummary',
+    'confoverrides': {
+        'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.autosummary'],
+        'autosummary_generate': True,
+        'autosummary_generate_overwrite': False,
+        'source_suffix': '.rst',
+    },
+}
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def _unload_target_module():
+    sys.modules.pop('target', None)
+
+
+def test_mangle_signature():
+    TEST = """
+    () :: ()
+    (a, b, c, d, e) :: (a, b, c, d, e)
+    (a, b, c=1, d=2, e=3) :: (a, b[, c, d, e])
+    (a, b, aaa=1, bbb=1, ccc=1, eee=1, fff=1, ggg=1, hhh=1, iii=1, jjj=1)\
+    :: (a, b[, aaa, bbb, ccc, ...])
+    (a, b, c=(), d=<foo>) :: (a, b[, c, d])
+    (a, b, c='foobar()', d=123) :: (a, b[, c, d])
+    (a, b[, c]) :: (a, b[, c])
+    (a, b[, cxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx]) :: (a, b[, ...)
+    (a, b='c=d, e=f, g=h', c=3) :: (a[, b, c])
+    (a, b="c=d, e=f, g=h", c=3) :: (a[, b, c])
+    (a, b='c=d, \\'e=f,\\' g=h', c=3) :: (a[, b, c])
+    (a, b='c=d, ', e='\\\\' g=h, c=3) :: (a[, b, e, c])
+    (a, b={'c=d, ': 3, '\\\\': 3}) :: (a[, b])
+    (a=1, b=2, c=3) :: ([a, b, c])
+    (a=1, b=<SomeClass: a, b, c>, c=3) :: ([a, b, c])
+    (a=1, b=T(a=1, b=2), c=3) :: ([a, b, c])
+    (a: Tuple[int, str], b: int) -> str :: (a, b)
+    """
+
+    TEST = [[y.strip() for y in x.split("::")] for x in TEST.split("\n")
+            if '::' in x]
+    for inp, outp in TEST:
+        res = mangle_signature(inp).strip().replace("\u00a0", " ")
+        assert res == outp, (f"'{inp}' -> '{res}' != '{outp}'")
+
+
+def test_extract_summary(capsys):
+    settings = Mock(language_code='en',
+                    id_prefix='',
+                    auto_id_prefix='',
+                    pep_reference=False,
+                    rfc_reference=False)
+    document = new_document('', settings)
+
+    # normal case
+    doc = ['',
+           'This is a first sentence. And second one.',
+           '',
+           'Second block is here']
+    assert extract_summary(doc, document) == 'This is a first sentence.'
+
+    # inliner case
+    doc = ['This sentence contains *emphasis text having dots.*,',
+           'it does not break sentence.']
+    assert extract_summary(doc, document) == ' '.join(doc)
+
+    # abbreviations
+    doc = ['Blabla, i.e. bla.']
+    assert extract_summary(doc, document) == ' '.join(doc)
+
+    doc = ['Blabla, (i.e. bla).']
+    assert extract_summary(doc, document) == ' '.join(doc)
+
+    doc = ['Blabla, e.g. bla.']
+    assert extract_summary(doc, document) == ' '.join(doc)
+
+    doc = ['Blabla, (e.g. bla).']
+    assert extract_summary(doc, document) == ' '.join(doc)
+
+    doc = ['Blabla, et al. bla.']
+    assert extract_summary(doc, document) == ' '.join(doc)
+
+    # literal
+    doc = ['blah blah::']
+    assert extract_summary(doc, document) == 'blah blah.'
+
+    # heading
+    doc = ['blah blah',
+           '=========']
+    assert extract_summary(doc, document) == 'blah blah'
+
+    doc = ['=========',
+           'blah blah',
+           '=========']
+    assert extract_summary(doc, document) == 'blah blah'
+
+    # hyperlink target
+    doc = ['Do `this <https://www.sphinx-doc.org/>`_ and that. '
+           'blah blah blah.']
+    assert (extract_summary(doc, document) ==
+            'Do `this <https://www.sphinx-doc.org/>`_ and that.')
+
+    _, err = capsys.readouterr()
+    assert err == ''
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', **default_kw)
+def test_get_items_summary(make_app, app_params):
+    import sphinx.ext.autosummary
+    import sphinx.ext.autosummary.generate
+    args, kwargs = app_params
+    app = make_app(*args, **kwargs)
+    sphinx.ext.autosummary.generate.setup_documenters(app)
+    # monkey-patch Autosummary.get_items so we can easily get access to it's
+    # results..
+    orig_get_items = sphinx.ext.autosummary.Autosummary.get_items
+
+    autosummary_items = {}
+
+    def new_get_items(self, names, *args, **kwargs):
+        results = orig_get_items(self, names, *args, **kwargs)
+        for name, result in zip(names, results):
+            autosummary_items[name] = result
+        return results
+
+    def handler(app, what, name, obj, options, lines):
+        assert isinstance(lines, list)
+
+        # ensure no docstring is processed twice:
+        assert 'THIS HAS BEEN HANDLED' not in lines
+        lines.append('THIS HAS BEEN HANDLED')
+    app.connect('autodoc-process-docstring', handler)
+
+    sphinx.ext.autosummary.Autosummary.get_items = new_get_items
+    try:
+        app.builder.build_all()
+    finally:
+        sphinx.ext.autosummary.Autosummary.get_items = orig_get_items
+
+    html_warnings = app._warning.getvalue()
+    assert html_warnings == ''
+
+    expected_values = {
+        'withSentence': 'I have a sentence which spans multiple lines.',
+        'noSentence': "this doesn't start with a capital.",
+        'emptyLine': "This is the real summary",
+        'module_attr': 'This is a module attribute',
+        'C.class_attr': 'This is a class attribute',
+        'C.instance_attr': 'This is an instance attribute',
+        'C.prop_attr1': 'This is a function docstring',
+        'C.prop_attr2': 'This is a attribute docstring',
+        'C.C2': 'This is a nested inner class docstring',
+    }
+    for key, expected in expected_values.items():
+        assert autosummary_items[key][2] == expected, 'Summary for %s was %r -'\
+            ' expected %r' % (key, autosummary_items[key], expected)
+
+    # check an item in detail
+    assert 'func' in autosummary_items
+    func_attrs = ('func',
+                  '(arg_, *args, **kwargs)',
+                  'Test function take an argument ended with underscore.',
+                  'dummy_module.func')
+    assert autosummary_items['func'] == func_attrs
+
+
+def str_content(elem):
+    if elem.text is not None:
+        return elem.text
+    else:
+        return ''.join(str_content(e) for e in elem)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml', **default_kw)
+def test_escaping(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    outdir = Path(app.builder.outdir)
+
+    docpage = outdir / 'underscore_module_.xml'
+    assert docpage.exists()
+
+    title = etree_parse(docpage).find('section/title')
+
+    assert str_content(title) == 'underscore_module_'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='ext-autosummary')
+def test_autosummary_generate_content_for_module(app):
+    import autosummary_dummy_module
+    template = Mock()
+
+    generate_autosummary_content('autosummary_dummy_module', autosummary_dummy_module, None,
+                                 template, None, False, app, False, {})
+    assert template.render.call_args[0][0] == 'module'
+
+    context = template.render.call_args[0][1]
+    assert context['members'] == ['CONSTANT1', 'CONSTANT2', 'Exc', 'Foo', '_Baz', '_Exc',
+                                  '__all__', '__builtins__', '__cached__', '__doc__',
+                                  '__file__', '__name__', '__package__', '_quux', 'bar',
+                                  'non_imported_member', 'quuz', 'qux']
+    assert context['functions'] == ['bar']
+    assert context['all_functions'] == ['_quux', 'bar']
+    assert context['classes'] == ['Foo']
+    assert context['all_classes'] == ['Foo', '_Baz']
+    assert context['exceptions'] == ['Exc']
+    assert context['all_exceptions'] == ['Exc', '_Exc']
+    assert context['attributes'] == ['CONSTANT1', 'qux', 'quuz', 'non_imported_member']
+    assert context['all_attributes'] == ['CONSTANT1', 'qux', 'quuz', 'non_imported_member']
+    assert context['fullname'] == 'autosummary_dummy_module'
+    assert context['module'] == 'autosummary_dummy_module'
+    assert context['objname'] == ''
+    assert context['name'] == ''
+    assert context['objtype'] == 'module'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='ext-autosummary')
+def test_autosummary_generate_content_for_module___all__(app):
+    import autosummary_dummy_module
+    template = Mock()
+    app.config.autosummary_ignore_module_all = False
+
+    generate_autosummary_content('autosummary_dummy_module', autosummary_dummy_module, None,
+                                 template, None, False, app, False, {})
+    assert template.render.call_args[0][0] == 'module'
+
+    context = template.render.call_args[0][1]
+    assert context['members'] == ['CONSTANT1', 'Exc', 'Foo', '_Baz', 'bar', 'qux', 'path']
+    assert context['functions'] == ['bar']
+    assert context['all_functions'] == ['bar']
+    assert context['classes'] == ['Foo']
+    assert context['all_classes'] == ['Foo', '_Baz']
+    assert context['exceptions'] == ['Exc']
+    assert context['all_exceptions'] == ['Exc']
+    assert context['attributes'] == ['CONSTANT1', 'qux']
+    assert context['all_attributes'] == ['CONSTANT1', 'qux']
+    assert context['fullname'] == 'autosummary_dummy_module'
+    assert context['module'] == 'autosummary_dummy_module'
+    assert context['objname'] == ''
+    assert context['name'] == ''
+    assert context['objtype'] == 'module'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='ext-autosummary')
+def test_autosummary_generate_content_for_module_skipped(app):
+    import autosummary_dummy_module
+    template = Mock()
+
+    def skip_member(app, what, name, obj, skip, options):
+        if name in ('Foo', 'bar', 'Exc'):
+            return True
+        return None
+
+    app.connect('autodoc-skip-member', skip_member)
+    generate_autosummary_content('autosummary_dummy_module', autosummary_dummy_module, None,
+                                 template, None, False, app, False, {})
+    context = template.render.call_args[0][1]
+    assert context['members'] == ['CONSTANT1', 'CONSTANT2', '_Baz', '_Exc', '__all__',
+                                  '__builtins__', '__cached__', '__doc__', '__file__',
+                                  '__name__', '__package__', '_quux', 'non_imported_member',
+                                  'quuz', 'qux']
+    assert context['functions'] == []
+    assert context['classes'] == []
+    assert context['exceptions'] == []
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='ext-autosummary')
+def test_autosummary_generate_content_for_module_imported_members(app):
+    import autosummary_dummy_module
+    template = Mock()
+
+    generate_autosummary_content('autosummary_dummy_module', autosummary_dummy_module, None,
+                                 template, None, True, app, False, {})
+    assert template.render.call_args[0][0] == 'module'
+
+    context = template.render.call_args[0][1]
+    assert context['members'] == ['CONSTANT1', 'CONSTANT2', 'Class', 'Exc', 'Foo', 'Union',
+                                  '_Baz', '_Exc', '__all__', '__builtins__', '__cached__',
+                                  '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__', '__name__',
+                                  '__package__', '__spec__', '_quux', 'bar',
+                                  'considered_as_imported', 'non_imported_member', 'path',
+                                  'quuz', 'qux']
+    assert context['functions'] == ['bar']
+    assert context['all_functions'] == ['_quux', 'bar']
+    assert context['classes'] == ['Class', 'Foo']
+    assert context['all_classes'] == ['Class', 'Foo', '_Baz']
+    assert context['exceptions'] == ['Exc']
+    assert context['all_exceptions'] == ['Exc', '_Exc']
+    assert context['attributes'] == ['CONSTANT1', 'qux', 'quuz', 'non_imported_member']
+    assert context['all_attributes'] == ['CONSTANT1', 'qux', 'quuz', 'non_imported_member']
+    assert context['fullname'] == 'autosummary_dummy_module'
+    assert context['module'] == 'autosummary_dummy_module'
+    assert context['objname'] == ''
+    assert context['name'] == ''
+    assert context['objtype'] == 'module'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='ext-autosummary')
+def test_autosummary_generate_content_for_module_imported_members_inherited_module(app):
+    import autosummary_dummy_inherited_module
+    template = Mock()
+
+    generate_autosummary_content('autosummary_dummy_inherited_module',
+                                 autosummary_dummy_inherited_module, None,
+                                 template, None, True, app, False, {})
+    assert template.render.call_args[0][0] == 'module'
+
+    context = template.render.call_args[0][1]
+    assert context['members'] == ['Foo', 'InheritedAttrClass', '__all__', '__builtins__', '__cached__',
+                                  '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__', '__name__',
+                                  '__package__', '__spec__']
+    assert context['functions'] == []
+    assert context['classes'] == ['Foo', 'InheritedAttrClass']
+    assert context['exceptions'] == []
+    assert context['all_exceptions'] == []
+    assert context['attributes'] == []
+    assert context['all_attributes'] == []
+    assert context['fullname'] == 'autosummary_dummy_inherited_module'
+    assert context['module'] == 'autosummary_dummy_inherited_module'
+    assert context['objname'] == ''
+    assert context['name'] == ''
+    assert context['objtype'] == 'module'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='ext-autosummary')
+def test_autosummary_generate(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('index')
+    assert_node(doctree, (nodes.paragraph,
+                          nodes.paragraph,
+                          addnodes.tabular_col_spec,
+                          autosummary_table,
+                          [autosummary_toc, addnodes.toctree]))
+    assert_node(doctree[3],
+                [autosummary_table, nodes.table, nodes.tgroup, (nodes.colspec,
+                                                                nodes.colspec,
+                                                                [nodes.tbody, (nodes.row,
+                                                                               nodes.row,
+                                                                               nodes.row,
+                                                                               nodes.row,
+                                                                               nodes.row,
+                                                                               nodes.row,
+                                                                               nodes.row,
+                                                                               nodes.row)])])
+    assert_node(doctree[4][0], addnodes.toctree, caption="An autosummary")
+
+    assert len(doctree[3][0][0][2]) == 8
+    assert doctree[3][0][0][2][0].astext() == 'autosummary_dummy_module\n\n'
+    assert doctree[3][0][0][2][1].astext() == 'autosummary_dummy_module.Foo()\n\n'
+    assert doctree[3][0][0][2][2].astext() == 'autosummary_dummy_module.Foo.Bar()\n\n'
+    assert doctree[3][0][0][2][3].astext() == 'autosummary_dummy_module.Foo.value\n\ndocstring'
+    assert doctree[3][0][0][2][4].astext() == 'autosummary_dummy_module.bar(x[, y])\n\n'
+    assert doctree[3][0][0][2][5].astext() == 'autosummary_dummy_module.qux\n\na module-level attribute'
+    assert doctree[3][0][0][2][6].astext() == 'autosummary_dummy_inherited_module.InheritedAttrClass()\n\n'
+    assert doctree[3][0][0][2][7].astext() == 'autosummary_dummy_inherited_module.InheritedAttrClass.subclassattr\n\nother docstring'
+
+    module = (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'autosummary_dummy_module.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    assert ('   .. autosummary::\n'
+            '   \n'
+            '      Foo\n'
+            '   \n' in module)
+    assert ('   .. autosummary::\n'
+            '   \n'
+            '      CONSTANT1\n'
+            '      qux\n'
+            '      quuz\n'
+            '      non_imported_member\n'
+            '   \n' in module)
+
+    Foo = (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'autosummary_dummy_module.Foo.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '.. automethod:: __init__' in Foo
+    assert ('   .. autosummary::\n'
+            '   \n'
+            '      ~Foo.__init__\n'
+            '      ~Foo.bar\n'
+            '   \n' in Foo)
+    assert ('   .. autosummary::\n'
+            '   \n'
+            '      ~Foo.CONSTANT3\n'
+            '      ~Foo.CONSTANT4\n'
+            '      ~Foo.baz\n'
+            '      ~Foo.value\n'
+            '   \n' in Foo)
+
+    FooBar = (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'autosummary_dummy_module.Foo.Bar.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('.. currentmodule:: autosummary_dummy_module\n'
+            '\n'
+            '.. autoclass:: Foo.Bar\n' in FooBar)
+
+    Foo_value = (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'autosummary_dummy_module.Foo.value.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('.. currentmodule:: autosummary_dummy_module\n'
+            '\n'
+            '.. autoattribute:: Foo.value' in Foo_value)
+
+    qux = (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'autosummary_dummy_module.qux.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('.. currentmodule:: autosummary_dummy_module\n'
+            '\n'
+            '.. autodata:: qux' in qux)
+
+    InheritedAttrClass = (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'autosummary_dummy_inherited_module.InheritedAttrClass.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(InheritedAttrClass)
+    assert '.. automethod:: __init__' in Foo
+    assert ('   .. autosummary::\n'
+            '   \n'
+            '      ~InheritedAttrClass.__init__\n'
+            '      ~InheritedAttrClass.bar\n'
+            '   \n' in InheritedAttrClass)
+    assert ('   .. autosummary::\n'
+            '   \n'
+            '      ~InheritedAttrClass.CONSTANT3\n'
+            '      ~InheritedAttrClass.CONSTANT4\n'
+            '      ~InheritedAttrClass.baz\n'
+            '      ~InheritedAttrClass.subclassattr\n'
+            '      ~InheritedAttrClass.value\n'
+            '   \n' in InheritedAttrClass)
+
+    InheritedAttrClass_subclassattr = (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'autosummary_dummy_inherited_module.InheritedAttrClass.subclassattr.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('.. currentmodule:: autosummary_dummy_inherited_module\n'
+            '\n'
+            '.. autoattribute:: InheritedAttrClass.subclassattr' in InheritedAttrClass_subclassattr)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='ext-autosummary',
+                    confoverrides={'autosummary_generate_overwrite': False})
+def test_autosummary_generate_overwrite1(app_params, make_app):
+    args, kwargs = app_params
+    srcdir = kwargs.get('srcdir')
+
+    (srcdir / 'generated').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    (srcdir / 'generated' / 'autosummary_dummy_module.rst').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
+
+    app = make_app(*args, **kwargs)
+    content = (srcdir / 'generated' / 'autosummary_dummy_module.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert content == ''
+    assert 'autosummary_dummy_module.rst' not in app._warning.getvalue()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='ext-autosummary',
+                    confoverrides={'autosummary_generate_overwrite': True})
+def test_autosummary_generate_overwrite2(app_params, make_app):
+    args, kwargs = app_params
+    srcdir = kwargs.get('srcdir')
+
+    (srcdir / 'generated').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    (srcdir / 'generated' / 'autosummary_dummy_module.rst').write_text('', encoding='utf8')
+
+    app = make_app(*args, **kwargs)
+    content = (srcdir / 'generated' / 'autosummary_dummy_module.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert content != ''
+    assert 'autosummary_dummy_module.rst' not in app._warning.getvalue()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='ext-autosummary-recursive')
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("rollback_sysmodules")
+def test_autosummary_recursive(app, status, warning):
+    sys.modules.pop('package', None)  # unload target module to clear the module cache
+
+    app.build()
+
+    # autosummary having :recursive: option
+    assert (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'package.rst').exists()
+    assert (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'package.module.rst').exists()
+    assert (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'package.module_importfail.rst').exists() is False
+    assert (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'package.package.rst').exists()
+    assert (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'package.package.module.rst').exists()
+
+    # autosummary not having :recursive: option
+    assert (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'package2.rst').exists()
+    assert (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'package2.module.rst').exists() is False
+
+    # Check content of recursively generated stub-files
+    content = (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'package.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert 'package.module' in content
+    assert 'package.package' in content
+    assert 'package.module_importfail' in content
+
+    content = (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'package.package.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert 'package.package.module' in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='ext-autosummary-recursive',
+                    srcdir='test_autosummary_recursive_skips_mocked_modules',
+                    confoverrides={'autosummary_mock_imports': ['package.package']})
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("rollback_sysmodules")
+def test_autosummary_recursive_skips_mocked_modules(app, status, warning):
+    sys.modules.pop('package', None)  # unload target module to clear the module cache
+    app.build()
+
+    assert (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'package.rst').exists()
+    assert (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'package.module.rst').exists()
+    assert (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'package.package.rst').exists() is False
+    assert (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'package.package.module.rst').exists() is False
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='ext-autosummary-filename-map')
+def test_autosummary_filename_map(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+
+    assert (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'module_mangled.rst').exists()
+    assert not (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'autosummary_dummy_module.rst').exists()
+    assert (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'bar.rst').exists()
+    assert not (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'autosummary_dummy_module.bar.rst').exists()
+    assert (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'autosummary_dummy_module.Foo.rst').exists()
+
+    html_warnings = app._warning.getvalue()
+    assert html_warnings == ''
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', **default_kw)
+def test_autosummary_latex_table_colspec(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    print(status.getvalue())
+    print(warning.getvalue())
+    assert r'\begin{longtable}{\X{1}{2}\X{1}{2}}' in result
+    assert r'p{0.5\linewidth}' not in result
+
+
+def test_import_by_name():
+    import sphinx
+    import sphinx.ext.autosummary
+
+    prefixed_name, obj, parent, modname = import_by_name('sphinx')
+    assert prefixed_name == 'sphinx'
+    assert obj is sphinx
+    assert parent is None
+    assert modname == 'sphinx'
+
+    prefixed_name, obj, parent, modname = import_by_name('sphinx.ext.autosummary.__name__')
+    assert prefixed_name == 'sphinx.ext.autosummary.__name__'
+    assert obj is sphinx.ext.autosummary.__name__
+    assert parent is sphinx.ext.autosummary
+    assert modname == 'sphinx.ext.autosummary'
+
+    prefixed_name, obj, parent, modname = \
+        import_by_name('sphinx.ext.autosummary.Autosummary.get_items')
+    assert prefixed_name == 'sphinx.ext.autosummary.Autosummary.get_items'
+    assert obj == sphinx.ext.autosummary.Autosummary.get_items
+    assert parent is sphinx.ext.autosummary.Autosummary
+    assert modname == 'sphinx.ext.autosummary'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='ext-autosummary-mock_imports')
+def test_autosummary_mock_imports(app, status, warning):
+    try:
+        app.build()
+        assert warning.getvalue() == ''
+
+        # generated/foo is generated successfully
+        assert app.env.get_doctree('generated/foo')
+    finally:
+        sys.modules.pop('foo', None)  # unload foo module
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='ext-autosummary-imported_members')
+def test_autosummary_imported_members(app, status, warning):
+    try:
+        app.build()
+        # generated/foo is generated successfully
+        assert app.env.get_doctree('generated/autosummary_dummy_package')
+
+        module = (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'autosummary_dummy_package.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+        assert ('   .. autosummary::\n'
+                '   \n'
+                '      Bar\n'
+                '   \n' in module)
+        assert ('   .. autosummary::\n'
+                '   \n'
+                '      foo\n'
+                '   \n' in module)
+    finally:
+        sys.modules.pop('autosummary_dummy_package', None)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='ext-autosummary-module_all')
+def test_autosummary_module_all(app, status, warning):
+    try:
+        app.build()
+        # generated/foo is generated successfully
+        assert app.env.get_doctree('generated/autosummary_dummy_package_all')
+        module = (app.srcdir / 'generated' / 'autosummary_dummy_package_all.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+        assert ('   .. autosummary::\n'
+                '   \n'
+                '      PublicBar\n'
+                '   \n' in module)
+        assert ('   .. autosummary::\n'
+                '   \n'
+                '      public_foo\n'
+                '      public_baz\n'
+                '   \n' in module)
+        assert ('.. autosummary::\n'
+                '   :toctree:\n'
+                '   :recursive:\n\n'
+                '   autosummary_dummy_package_all.extra_dummy_module\n\n' in module)
+    finally:
+        sys.modules.pop('autosummary_dummy_package_all', None)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='ext-autodoc',
+                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.autosummary']})
+def test_generate_autosummary_docs_property(app):
+    with patch('sphinx.ext.autosummary.generate.find_autosummary_in_files') as mock:
+        mock.return_value = [AutosummaryEntry('target.methods.Base.prop', 'prop', None, False)]
+        generate_autosummary_docs([], output_dir=app.srcdir, app=app)
+
+    content = (app.srcdir / 'target.methods.Base.prop.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert content == ("target.methods.Base.prop\n"
+                       "========================\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       ".. currentmodule:: target.methods\n"
+                       "\n"
+                       ".. autoproperty:: Base.prop")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='ext-autosummary-skip-member')
+def test_autosummary_skip_member(app):
+    app.build()
+
+    content = (app.srcdir / 'generate' / 'target.Foo.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert 'Foo.skipmeth' not in content
+    assert 'Foo._privatemeth' in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='ext-autosummary-template')
+def test_autosummary_template(app):
+    app.build()
+
+    content = (app.srcdir / 'generate' / 'target.Foo.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert 'EMPTY' in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='ext-autosummary',
+                    confoverrides={'autosummary_generate': []})
+def test_empty_autosummary_generate(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    assert ("WARNING: autosummary: failed to import autosummary_importfail"
+            in warning.getvalue())
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='ext-autosummary',
+                    confoverrides={'autosummary_generate': ['unknown']})
+def test_invalid_autosummary_generate(app, status, warning):
+    assert 'WARNING: autosummary_generate: file not found: unknown.rst' in warning.getvalue()
+
+
+def test_autogen(rootdir, tmp_path):
+    with chdir(rootdir / 'test-templating'):
+        args = ['-o', str(tmp_path), '-t', '.', 'autosummary_templating.txt']
+        autogen_main(args)
+        assert (tmp_path / 'sphinx.application.TemplateBridge.rst').exists()
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_coverage.py b/tests/test_ext_coverage.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af8cf53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_ext_coverage.py
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+"""Test the coverage builder."""
+
+import pickle
+
+import pytest
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('coverage')
+def test_build(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    py_undoc = (app.outdir / 'python.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert py_undoc.startswith('Undocumented Python objects\n'
+                               '===========================\n')
+    assert 'autodoc_target\n--------------\n' in py_undoc
+    assert ' * Class -- missing methods:\n' in py_undoc
+    assert ' * raises\n' in py_undoc
+    assert ' * function\n' not in py_undoc  # these two are documented
+    assert ' * Class\n' not in py_undoc     # in autodoc.txt
+
+    assert " * mod -- No module named 'mod'" in py_undoc  # in the "failed import" section
+
+    assert "undocumented  py" not in status.getvalue()
+
+    c_undoc = (app.outdir / 'c.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert c_undoc.startswith('Undocumented C API elements\n'
+                              '===========================\n')
+    assert 'api.h' in c_undoc
+    assert ' * Py_SphinxTest' in c_undoc
+
+    undoc_py, undoc_c, py_undocumented, py_documented = pickle.loads((app.outdir / 'undoc.pickle').read_bytes())
+    assert len(undoc_c) == 1
+    # the key is the full path to the header file, which isn't testable
+    assert list(undoc_c.values())[0] == {('function', 'Py_SphinxTest')}
+
+    assert 'autodoc_target' in undoc_py
+    assert 'funcs' in undoc_py['autodoc_target']
+    assert 'raises' in undoc_py['autodoc_target']['funcs']
+    assert 'classes' in undoc_py['autodoc_target']
+    assert 'Class' in undoc_py['autodoc_target']['classes']
+    assert 'undocmeth' in undoc_py['autodoc_target']['classes']['Class']
+
+    assert "undocumented  c" not in status.getvalue()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('coverage', testroot='ext-coverage')
+def test_coverage_ignore_pyobjects(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    actual = (app.outdir / 'python.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    expected = '''\
+Undocumented Python objects
+===========================
+
+Statistics
+----------
+
++----------------------+----------+--------------+
+| Module               | Coverage | Undocumented |
++======================+==========+==============+
+| coverage_not_ignored | 0.00%    | 2            |
++----------------------+----------+--------------+
+| TOTAL                | 0.00%    | 2            |
++----------------------+----------+--------------+
+
+coverage_not_ignored
+--------------------
+
+Classes:
+ * Documented -- missing methods:
+
+   - not_ignored1
+   - not_ignored2
+ * NotIgnored
+
+'''
+    assert actual == expected
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('coverage', confoverrides={'coverage_show_missing_items': True})
+def test_show_missing_items(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    assert "undocumented" in status.getvalue()
+
+    assert "py  function  raises" in status.getvalue()
+    assert "py  class     Base" in status.getvalue()
+    assert "py  method    Class.roger" in status.getvalue()
+
+    assert "c   api       Py_SphinxTest [ function]" in status.getvalue()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('coverage', confoverrides={'coverage_show_missing_items': True})
+def test_show_missing_items_quiet(app, status, warning):
+    app.quiet = True
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    assert "undocumented python function: autodoc_target :: raises" in warning.getvalue()
+    assert "undocumented python class: autodoc_target :: Base" in warning.getvalue()
+    assert "undocumented python method: autodoc_target :: Class :: roger" in warning.getvalue()
+
+    assert "undocumented c api: Py_SphinxTest [function]" in warning.getvalue()
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_doctest.py b/tests/test_ext_doctest.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c83e582
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_ext_doctest.py
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+"""Test the doctest extension."""
+import os
+from collections import Counter
+
+import pytest
+from docutils import nodes
+from packaging.specifiers import InvalidSpecifier
+from packaging.version import InvalidVersion
+
+from sphinx.ext.doctest import is_allowed_version
+
+cleanup_called = 0
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('doctest', testroot='ext-doctest')
+def test_build(app, status, warning):
+    global cleanup_called
+    cleanup_called = 0
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    if app.statuscode != 0:
+        raise AssertionError('failures in doctests:' + status.getvalue())
+    # in doctest.txt, there are two named groups and the default group,
+    # so the cleanup function must be called three times
+    assert cleanup_called == 3, 'testcleanup did not get executed enough times'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='ext-doctest')
+def test_highlight_language_default(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('doctest')
+    for node in doctree.findall(nodes.literal_block):
+        assert node['language'] in {'python', 'pycon', 'none'}
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='ext-doctest',
+                    confoverrides={'highlight_language': 'python'})
+def test_highlight_language_python3(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('doctest')
+    for node in doctree.findall(nodes.literal_block):
+        assert node['language'] in {'python', 'pycon', 'none'}
+
+
+def test_is_allowed_version():
+    assert is_allowed_version('<3.4', '3.3') is True
+    assert is_allowed_version('<3.4', '3.3') is True
+    assert is_allowed_version('<3.2', '3.3') is False
+    assert is_allowed_version('<=3.4', '3.3') is True
+    assert is_allowed_version('<=3.2', '3.3') is False
+    assert is_allowed_version('==3.3', '3.3') is True
+    assert is_allowed_version('==3.4', '3.3') is False
+    assert is_allowed_version('>=3.2', '3.3') is True
+    assert is_allowed_version('>=3.4', '3.3') is False
+    assert is_allowed_version('>3.2', '3.3') is True
+    assert is_allowed_version('>3.4', '3.3') is False
+    assert is_allowed_version('~=3.4', '3.4.5') is True
+    assert is_allowed_version('~=3.4', '3.5.0') is True
+
+    # invalid spec
+    with pytest.raises(InvalidSpecifier):
+        is_allowed_version('&3.4', '3.5')
+
+    # invalid version
+    with pytest.raises(InvalidVersion):
+        is_allowed_version('>3.4', 'Sphinx')
+
+
+def cleanup_call():
+    global cleanup_called
+    cleanup_called += 1
+
+
+recorded_calls = Counter()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('doctest', testroot='ext-doctest-skipif')
+def test_skipif(app, status, warning):
+    """Tests for the :skipif: option
+
+    The tests are separated into a different test root directory since the
+    ``app`` object only evaluates options once in its lifetime. If these tests
+    were combined with the other doctest tests, the ``:skipif:`` evaluations
+    would be recorded only on the first ``app.builder.build_all()`` run, i.e.
+    in ``test_build`` above, and the assertion below would fail.
+
+    """
+    global recorded_calls
+    recorded_calls = Counter()
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    if app.statuscode != 0:
+        raise AssertionError('failures in doctests:' + status.getvalue())
+    # The `:skipif:` expressions are always run.
+    # Actual tests and setup/cleanup code is only run if the `:skipif:`
+    # expression evaluates to a False value.
+    # Global setup/cleanup are run before/after evaluating the `:skipif:`
+    # option in each directive - thus 11 additional invocations for each on top
+    # of the ones made for the whole test file.
+    assert recorded_calls == {('doctest_global_setup', 'body', True): 13,
+                              ('testsetup', ':skipif:', True): 1,
+                              ('testsetup', ':skipif:', False): 1,
+                              ('testsetup', 'body', False): 1,
+                              ('doctest', ':skipif:', True): 1,
+                              ('doctest', ':skipif:', False): 1,
+                              ('doctest', 'body', False): 1,
+                              ('testcode', ':skipif:', True): 1,
+                              ('testcode', ':skipif:', False): 1,
+                              ('testcode', 'body', False): 1,
+                              ('testoutput-1', ':skipif:', True): 1,
+                              ('testoutput-2', ':skipif:', True): 1,
+                              ('testoutput-2', ':skipif:', False): 1,
+                              ('testcleanup', ':skipif:', True): 1,
+                              ('testcleanup', ':skipif:', False): 1,
+                              ('testcleanup', 'body', False): 1,
+                              ('doctest_global_cleanup', 'body', True): 13}
+
+
+def record(directive, part, should_skip):
+    recorded_calls[(directive, part, should_skip)] += 1
+    return f'Recorded {directive} {part} {should_skip}'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('doctest', testroot='ext-doctest-with-autodoc')
+def test_reporting_with_autodoc(app, status, warning, capfd):
+    # Patch builder to get a copy of the output
+    written = []
+    app.builder._warn_out = written.append
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    failures = [line.replace(os.sep, '/')
+                for line in '\n'.join(written).splitlines()
+                if line.startswith('File')]
+
+    assert 'File "dir/inner.rst", line 1, in default' in failures
+    assert 'File "dir/bar.py", line ?, in default' in failures
+    assert 'File "foo.py", line ?, in default' in failures
+    assert 'File "index.rst", line 4, in default' in failures
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_duration.py b/tests/test_ext_duration.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4fa4dfc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_ext_duration.py
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+"""Test sphinx.ext.duration extension."""
+
+import re
+
+import pytest
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='basic',
+                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.duration']})
+def test_githubpages(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+
+    assert 'slowest reading durations' in status.getvalue()
+    assert re.search('\\d+\\.\\d{3} index\n', status.getvalue())
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_extlinks.py b/tests/test_ext_extlinks.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7634db6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_ext_extlinks.py
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+import pytest
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-extlinks-hardcoded-urls',
+                    confoverrides={'extlinks_detect_hardcoded_links': False})
+def test_extlinks_detect_candidates(app, warning):
+    app.build()
+    assert warning.getvalue() == ''
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-extlinks-hardcoded-urls')
+def test_replaceable_uris_emit_extlinks_warnings(app, warning):
+    app.build()
+    warning_output = warning.getvalue()
+
+    # there should be exactly three warnings for replaceable URLs
+    message = (
+        "index.rst:%d: WARNING: hardcoded link 'https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/issues/1' "
+        "could be replaced by an extlink (try using '%s' instead)"
+    )
+    assert message % (11, ":issue:`1`") in warning_output
+    assert message % (13, ":issue:`inline replaceable link <1>`") in warning_output
+    assert message % (15, ":issue:`replaceable link <1>`") in warning_output
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-extlinks-hardcoded-urls-multiple-replacements')
+def test_all_replacements_suggested_if_multiple_replacements_possible(app, warning):
+    app.build()
+    warning_output = warning.getvalue()
+    # there should be six warnings for replaceable URLs, three pairs per link
+    assert warning_output.count("WARNING: hardcoded link") == 6
+    message = (
+        "index.rst:%d: WARNING: hardcoded link 'https://github.com/octocat' "
+        "could be replaced by an extlink (try using '%s' instead)"
+    )
+    assert message % (14, ":user:`octocat`") in warning_output
+    assert message % (16, ":user:`inline replaceable link <octocat>`") in warning_output
+    assert message % (18, ":user:`replaceable link <octocat>`") in warning_output
+    message = (
+        "index.rst:%d: WARNING: hardcoded link 'https://github.com/octocat' "
+        "could be replaced by an extlink (try using '%s' instead)"
+    )
+    assert message % (14, ":repo:`octocat`") in warning_output
+    assert message % (16, ":repo:`inline replaceable link <octocat>`") in warning_output
+    assert message % (18, ":repo:`replaceable link <octocat>`") in warning_output
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_githubpages.py b/tests/test_ext_githubpages.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8e41537
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_ext_githubpages.py
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+"""Test sphinx.ext.githubpages extension."""
+
+import pytest
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-githubpages')
+def test_githubpages(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    assert (app.outdir / '.nojekyll').exists()
+    assert not (app.outdir / 'CNAME').exists()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-githubpages',
+                    confoverrides={'html_baseurl': 'https://sphinx-doc.github.io'})
+def test_no_cname_for_github_io_domain(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    assert (app.outdir / '.nojekyll').exists()
+    assert not (app.outdir / 'CNAME').exists()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-githubpages',
+                    confoverrides={'html_baseurl': 'https://sphinx-doc.org'})
+def test_cname_for_custom_domain(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    assert (app.outdir / '.nojekyll').exists()
+    assert (app.outdir / 'CNAME').read_text(encoding='utf8') == 'sphinx-doc.org'
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_graphviz.py b/tests/test_ext_graphviz.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d63dc2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_ext_graphviz.py
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+"""Test sphinx.ext.graphviz extension."""
+
+import re
+import sys
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx.ext.graphviz import ClickableMapDefinition
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-graphviz')
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures('if_graphviz_found')
+def test_graphviz_png_html(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    html = (r'<figure class="align-default" .*?>\s*'
+            r'<div class="graphviz"><img .*?/></div>\s*<figcaption>\s*'
+            r'<p><span class="caption-text">caption of graph</span>.*</p>\s*'
+            r'</figcaption>\s*</figure>')
+    assert re.search(html, content, re.S)
+
+    html = 'Hello <div class="graphviz"><img .*?/></div>\n graphviz world'
+    assert re.search(html, content, re.S)
+
+    html = ('<img src=".*?" alt="digraph foo {\nbaz -&gt; qux\n}" '
+            'class="graphviz neato-graph" />')
+    assert re.search(html, content, re.S)
+
+    html = (r'<figure class="align-right" .*?>\s*'
+            r'<div class="graphviz"><img .*?/></div>\s*<figcaption>\s*'
+            r'<p><span class="caption-text">on <em>right</em></span>.*</p>\s*'
+            r'</figcaption>\s*</figure>')
+    assert re.search(html, content, re.S)
+
+    html = (r'<div align=\"center\" class=\"align-center\">'
+            r'<div class="graphviz"><img src=\".*\.png\" alt=\"digraph foo {\n'
+            r'centered\n'
+            r'}\" class="graphviz" /></div>\n</div>')
+    assert re.search(html, content, re.S)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-graphviz',
+                    confoverrides={'graphviz_output_format': 'svg'})
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures('if_graphviz_found')
+def test_graphviz_svg_html(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    html = (r'<figure class=\"align-default\" .*?>\n'
+            r'<div class="graphviz"><object data=\".*\.svg\".*>\n'
+            r'\s*<p class=\"warning\">digraph foo {\n'
+            r'bar -&gt; baz\n'
+            r'}</p></object></div>\n'
+            r'<figcaption>\n'
+            r'<p><span class=\"caption-text\">caption of graph</span>.*</p>\n'
+            r'</figcaption>\n'
+            r'</figure>')
+    assert re.search(html, content, re.S)
+
+    html = (r'Hello <div class="graphviz"><object.*>\n'
+            r'\s*<p class=\"warning\">graph</p></object></div>\n'
+            r' graphviz world')
+    assert re.search(html, content, re.S)
+
+    html = (r'<figure class=\"align-right\" .*\>\n'
+            r'<div class="graphviz"><object data=\".*\.svg\".*>\n'
+            r'\s*<p class=\"warning\">digraph bar {\n'
+            r'foo -&gt; bar\n'
+            r'}</p></object></div>\n'
+            r'<figcaption>\n'
+            r'<p><span class=\"caption-text\">on <em>right</em></span>.*</p>\n'
+            r'</figcaption>\n'
+            r'</figure>')
+    assert re.search(html, content, re.S)
+
+    html = (r'<div align=\"center\" class=\"align-center\">'
+            r'<div class="graphviz"><object data=\".*\.svg\".*>\n'
+            r'\s*<p class=\"warning\">digraph foo {\n'
+            r'centered\n'
+            r'}</p></object></div>\n'
+            r'</div>')
+    assert re.search(html, content, re.S)
+
+    image_re = r'.*data="([^"]+)".*?digraph test'
+    image_path_match = re.search(image_re, content, re.S)
+    assert image_path_match
+
+    image_path = image_path_match.group(1)
+    image_content = (app.outdir / image_path).read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    if sys.platform == 'win32':
+        assert '".\\_static\\' not in image_content
+        assert r'<ns0:image ns1:href="..\_static\images\test.svg"' in image_content
+        assert r'<ns0:a ns1:href="..\_static\images\test.svg"' in image_content
+    else:
+        assert '"./_static/' not in image_content
+        assert '<ns0:image ns1:href="../_static/images/test.svg"' in image_content
+        assert '<ns0:a ns1:href="../_static/images/test.svg"' in image_content
+    assert '<ns0:a ns1:href="..#graphviz"' in image_content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='ext-graphviz')
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures('if_graphviz_found')
+def test_graphviz_latex(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    macro = ('\\\\begin{figure}\\[htbp\\]\n\\\\centering\n\\\\capstart\n\n'
+             '\\\\sphinxincludegraphics\\[\\]{graphviz-\\w+.pdf}\n'
+             '\\\\caption{caption of graph}\\\\label{.*}\\\\end{figure}')
+    assert re.search(macro, content, re.S)
+
+    macro = 'Hello \\\\sphinxincludegraphics\\[\\]{graphviz-\\w+.pdf} graphviz world'
+    assert re.search(macro, content, re.S)
+
+    macro = ('\\\\begin{wrapfigure}{r}{0pt}\n\\\\centering\n'
+             '\\\\sphinxincludegraphics\\[\\]{graphviz-\\w+.pdf}\n'
+             '\\\\caption{on \\\\sphinxstyleemphasis{right}}'
+             '\\\\label{.*}\\\\end{wrapfigure}')
+    assert re.search(macro, content, re.S)
+
+    macro = (r'\{\\hfill'
+             r'\\sphinxincludegraphics\[\]{graphviz-.*}'
+             r'\\hspace\*{\\fill}}')
+    assert re.search(macro, content, re.S)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-graphviz', confoverrides={'language': 'xx'})
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures('if_graphviz_found')
+def test_graphviz_i18n(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    html = '<img src=".*?" alt="digraph {\n  BAR -&gt; BAZ\n}" class="graphviz" />'
+    assert re.search(html, content, re.M)
+
+
+def test_graphviz_parse_mapfile():
+    # empty graph
+    code = ('# digraph {\n'
+            '# }\n')
+    content = ('<map id="%3" name="%3">\n'
+               '</map>')
+    cmap = ClickableMapDefinition('dummy.map', content, code)
+    assert cmap.filename == 'dummy.map'
+    assert cmap.id == 'grapvizb08107169e'
+    assert len(cmap.clickable) == 0
+    assert cmap.generate_clickable_map() == ''
+
+    # normal graph
+    code = ('digraph {\n'
+            '  foo [href="http://www.google.com/"];\n'
+            '  foo -> bar;\n'
+            '}\n')
+    content = ('<map id="%3" name="%3">\n'
+               '<area shape="poly" id="node1" href="http://www.google.com/" title="foo" alt=""'
+               ' coords="77,29,76,22,70,15,62,10,52,7,41,5,30,7,20,10,12,15,7,22,5,29,7,37,12,'
+               '43,20,49,30,52,41,53,52,52,62,49,70,43,76,37"/>\n'
+               '</map>')
+    cmap = ClickableMapDefinition('dummy.map', content, code)
+    assert cmap.filename == 'dummy.map'
+    assert cmap.id == 'grapviza4ccdd48ce'
+    assert len(cmap.clickable) == 1
+    assert cmap.generate_clickable_map() == content.replace('%3', cmap.id)
+
+    # inheritance-diagram:: sphinx.builders.html
+    content = (
+        '<map id="inheritance66ff5471b9" name="inheritance66ff5471b9">\n'
+        '<area shape="rect" id="node1" title="Builds target formats from the reST sources."'
+        ' alt="" coords="26,95,125,110"/>\n'
+        '<area shape="rect" id="node5" title="Builds standalone HTML docs."'
+        ' alt="" coords="179,95,362,110"/>\n'
+        '<area shape="rect" id="node2" title="buildinfo file manipulator." '
+        ' alt="" coords="14,64,138,80"/>\n'
+        '<area shape="rect" id="node3" title="The container of stylesheets."'
+        ' alt="" coords="3,34,148,49"/>\n'
+        '<area shape="rect" id="node4" title="A StandaloneHTMLBuilder that creates all HTML'
+        ' pages as &quot;index.html&quot; in" alt="" coords="395,64,569,80"/>\n'
+        '<area shape="rect" id="node7" title="An abstract builder that serializes'
+        ' the generated HTML." alt="" coords="392,95,571,110"/>\n'
+        '<area shape="rect" id="node9" title="A StandaloneHTMLBuilder subclass that puts'
+        ' the whole document tree on one" alt="" coords="393,125,570,141"/>\n'
+        '<area shape="rect" id="node6" title="A builder that dumps the generated HTML'
+        ' into JSON files." alt="" coords="602,80,765,95"/>\n'
+        '<area shape="rect" id="node8" title="A Builder that dumps the generated HTML'
+        ' into pickle files." alt="" coords="602,110,765,125"/>\n'
+        '<area shape="rect" id="node10" title="The metadata of stylesheet."'
+        ' alt="" coords="11,3,141,19"/>\n'
+        '</map>'
+    )
+    cmap = ClickableMapDefinition('dummy.map', content, 'dummy_code')
+    assert cmap.filename == 'dummy.map'
+    assert cmap.id == 'inheritance66ff5471b9'
+    assert len(cmap.clickable) == 0
+    assert cmap.generate_clickable_map() == ''
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_ifconfig.py b/tests/test_ext_ifconfig.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0292699
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_ext_ifconfig.py
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+"""Test sphinx.ext.ifconfig extension."""
+
+import docutils.utils
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx import addnodes
+from sphinx.testing import restructuredtext
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text', testroot='ext-ifconfig')
+def test_ifconfig(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert 'spam' in result
+    assert 'ham' not in result
+
+
+def test_ifconfig_content_line_number(app):
+    app.setup_extension("sphinx.ext.ifconfig")
+    text = (".. ifconfig:: confval1\n" +
+            "\n" +
+            "   Some link here: :ref:`abc`\n")
+    doc = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    xrefs = list(doc.findall(condition=addnodes.pending_xref))
+    assert len(xrefs) == 1
+    source, line = docutils.utils.get_source_line(xrefs[0])
+    assert 'index.rst' in source
+    assert line == 3
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_imgconverter.py b/tests/test_ext_imgconverter.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..18be700
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_ext_imgconverter.py
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+"""Test sphinx.ext.imgconverter extension."""
+
+import subprocess
+
+import pytest
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def _if_converter_found(app):
+    image_converter = getattr(app.config, 'image_converter', '')
+    try:
+        if image_converter:
+            subprocess.run([image_converter, '-version'], capture_output=True)  # show version
+            return
+    except OSError:  # No such file or directory
+        pass
+
+    pytest.skip('image_converter "%s" is not available' % image_converter)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures('_if_converter_found')
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='ext-imgconverter')
+def test_ext_imgconverter(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    # supported image (not converted)
+    assert '\\sphinxincludegraphics{{img}.pdf}' in content
+
+    # non supported image (converted)
+    assert '\\sphinxincludegraphics{{svgimg}.png}' in content
+    assert not (app.outdir / 'svgimg.svg').exists()
+    assert (app.outdir / 'svgimg.png').exists()
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_imgmockconverter.py b/tests/test_ext_imgmockconverter.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b5d4e79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_ext_imgmockconverter.py
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+"""Test image converter with identical basenames"""
+
+import pytest
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='ext-imgmockconverter')
+def test_ext_imgmockconverter(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    # check identical basenames give distinct files
+    assert '\\sphinxincludegraphics{{svgimg}.pdf}' in content
+    assert '\\sphinxincludegraphics{{svgimg1}.pdf}' in content
+    assert not (app.outdir / 'svgimg.svg').exists()
+    assert (app.outdir / 'svgimg.pdf').exists()
+    assert (app.outdir / 'svgimg1.pdf').exists()
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_inheritance_diagram.py b/tests/test_ext_inheritance_diagram.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9ace5ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_ext_inheritance_diagram.py
@@ -0,0 +1,342 @@
+"""Test sphinx.ext.inheritance_diagram extension."""
+
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+import zlib
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx.ext.inheritance_diagram import (
+    InheritanceDiagram,
+    InheritanceException,
+    import_classes,
+)
+from sphinx.ext.intersphinx import load_mappings, normalize_intersphinx_mapping
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(buildername="html", testroot="inheritance")
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures('if_graphviz_found')
+def test_inheritance_diagram(app, status, warning):
+    # monkey-patch InheritaceDiagram.run() so we can get access to its
+    # results.
+    orig_run = InheritanceDiagram.run
+    graphs = {}
+
+    def new_run(self):
+        result = orig_run(self)
+        node = result[0]
+        source = os.path.basename(node.document.current_source).replace(".rst", "")
+        graphs[source] = node['graph']
+        return result
+
+    InheritanceDiagram.run = new_run
+
+    try:
+        app.builder.build_all()
+    finally:
+        InheritanceDiagram.run = orig_run
+
+    assert app.statuscode == 0
+
+    html_warnings = warning.getvalue()
+    assert html_warnings == ""
+
+    # note: it is better to split these asserts into separate test functions
+    # but I can't figure out how to build only a specific .rst file
+
+    # basic inheritance diagram showing all classes
+    for cls in graphs['basic_diagram'].class_info:
+        # use in b/c traversing order is different sometimes
+        assert cls in [
+            ('dummy.test.A', 'dummy.test.A', [], None),
+            ('dummy.test.F', 'dummy.test.F', ['dummy.test.C'], None),
+            ('dummy.test.C', 'dummy.test.C', ['dummy.test.A'], None),
+            ('dummy.test.E', 'dummy.test.E', ['dummy.test.B'], None),
+            ('dummy.test.D', 'dummy.test.D', ['dummy.test.B', 'dummy.test.C'], None),
+            ('dummy.test.B', 'dummy.test.B', ['dummy.test.A'], None),
+        ]
+
+    # inheritance diagram using :parts: 1 option
+    for cls in graphs['diagram_w_parts'].class_info:
+        assert cls in [
+            ('A', 'dummy.test.A', [], None),
+            ('F', 'dummy.test.F', ['C'], None),
+            ('C', 'dummy.test.C', ['A'], None),
+            ('E', 'dummy.test.E', ['B'], None),
+            ('D', 'dummy.test.D', ['B', 'C'], None),
+            ('B', 'dummy.test.B', ['A'], None),
+        ]
+
+    # inheritance diagram with 1 top class
+    # :top-classes: dummy.test.B
+    # rendering should be
+    #       A
+    #        \
+    #     B   C
+    #    / \ / \
+    #   E   D   F
+    #
+    for cls in graphs['diagram_w_1_top_class'].class_info:
+        assert cls in [
+            ('dummy.test.A', 'dummy.test.A', [], None),
+            ('dummy.test.F', 'dummy.test.F', ['dummy.test.C'], None),
+            ('dummy.test.C', 'dummy.test.C', ['dummy.test.A'], None),
+            ('dummy.test.E', 'dummy.test.E', ['dummy.test.B'], None),
+            ('dummy.test.D', 'dummy.test.D', ['dummy.test.B', 'dummy.test.C'], None),
+            ('dummy.test.B', 'dummy.test.B', [], None),
+        ]
+
+    # inheritance diagram with 2 top classes
+    # :top-classes: dummy.test.B, dummy.test.C
+    # Note: we're specifying separate classes, not the entire module here
+    # rendering should be
+    #
+    #     B   C
+    #    / \ / \
+    #   E   D   F
+    #
+    for cls in graphs['diagram_w_2_top_classes'].class_info:
+        assert cls in [
+            ('dummy.test.F', 'dummy.test.F', ['dummy.test.C'], None),
+            ('dummy.test.C', 'dummy.test.C', [], None),
+            ('dummy.test.E', 'dummy.test.E', ['dummy.test.B'], None),
+            ('dummy.test.D', 'dummy.test.D', ['dummy.test.B', 'dummy.test.C'], None),
+            ('dummy.test.B', 'dummy.test.B', [], None),
+        ]
+
+    # inheritance diagram with 2 top classes and specifying the entire module
+    # rendering should be
+    #
+    #       A
+    #     B   C
+    #    / \ / \
+    #   E   D   F
+    #
+    # Note: dummy.test.A is included in the graph before its descendants are even processed
+    # b/c we've specified to load the entire module. The way InheritanceGraph works it is very
+    # hard to exclude parent classes once after they have been included in the graph.
+    # If you'd like to not show class A in the graph don't specify the entire module.
+    # this is a known issue.
+    for cls in graphs['diagram_module_w_2_top_classes'].class_info:
+        assert cls in [
+            ('dummy.test.F', 'dummy.test.F', ['dummy.test.C'], None),
+            ('dummy.test.C', 'dummy.test.C', [], None),
+            ('dummy.test.E', 'dummy.test.E', ['dummy.test.B'], None),
+            ('dummy.test.D', 'dummy.test.D', ['dummy.test.B', 'dummy.test.C'], None),
+            ('dummy.test.B', 'dummy.test.B', [], None),
+            ('dummy.test.A', 'dummy.test.A', [], None),
+        ]
+
+    # inheritance diagram involving a base class nested within another class
+    for cls in graphs['diagram_w_nested_classes'].class_info:
+        assert cls in [
+            ('dummy.test_nested.A', 'dummy.test_nested.A', [], None),
+            ('dummy.test_nested.C', 'dummy.test_nested.C', ['dummy.test_nested.A.B'], None),
+            ('dummy.test_nested.A.B', 'dummy.test_nested.A.B', [], None),
+        ]
+
+
+# An external inventory to test intersphinx links in inheritance diagrams
+external_inventory = b'''\
+# Sphinx inventory version 2
+# Project: external
+# Version: 1.0
+# The remainder of this file is compressed using zlib.
+''' + zlib.compress(b'''\
+external.other.Bob py:class 1 foo.html#external.other.Bob -
+''')
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-inheritance_diagram')
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures('if_graphviz_found')
+def test_inheritance_diagram_png_html(tmp_path, app):
+    inv_file = tmp_path / 'inventory'
+    inv_file.write_bytes(external_inventory)
+    app.config.intersphinx_mapping = {
+        'https://example.org': str(inv_file),
+    }
+    app.config.intersphinx_cache_limit = 0
+    normalize_intersphinx_mapping(app, app.config)
+    load_mappings(app)
+
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    base_maps = re.findall('<map .+\n.+\n</map>', content)
+
+    pattern = ('<figure class="align-default" id="id1">\n'
+               '<div class="graphviz">'
+               '<img src="_images/inheritance-\\w+.png" alt="Inheritance diagram of test.Foo" '
+               'class="inheritance graphviz" /></div>\n<figcaption>\n<p>'
+               '<span class="caption-text">Test Foo!</span><a class="headerlink" href="#id1" '
+               'title="Link to this image">\xb6</a></p>\n</figcaption>\n</figure>\n')
+    assert re.search(pattern, content, re.M)
+
+    subdir_content = (app.outdir / 'subdir/page1.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    subdir_maps = re.findall('<map .+\n.+\n</map>', subdir_content)
+    subdir_maps = [re.sub('href="(\\S+)"', 'href="subdir/\\g<1>"', s) for s in subdir_maps]
+
+    # Go through the clickmap for every PNG inheritance diagram
+    for diagram_content in base_maps + subdir_maps:
+        # Verify that an intersphinx link was created via the external inventory
+        if 'subdir.' in diagram_content:
+            assert "https://example.org" in diagram_content
+
+        # Extract every link in the inheritance diagram
+        for href in re.findall('href="(\\S+?)"', diagram_content):
+            if '://' in href:
+                # Verify that absolute URLs are not prefixed with ../
+                assert href.startswith("https://example.org/")
+            else:
+                # Verify that relative URLs point to existing documents
+                reluri = href.rsplit('#', 1)[0]  # strip the anchor at the end
+                assert (app.outdir / reluri).exists()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-inheritance_diagram',
+                    confoverrides={'graphviz_output_format': 'svg'})
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures('if_graphviz_found')
+def test_inheritance_diagram_svg_html(tmp_path, app):
+    inv_file = tmp_path / 'inventory'
+    inv_file.write_bytes(external_inventory)
+    app.config.intersphinx_mapping = {
+        "subdir": ('https://example.org', str(inv_file)),
+    }
+    app.config.intersphinx_cache_limit = 0
+    normalize_intersphinx_mapping(app, app.config)
+    load_mappings(app)
+
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    base_svgs = re.findall('<object data="(_images/inheritance-\\w+.svg?)"', content)
+
+    pattern = ('<figure class="align-default" id="id1">\n'
+               '<div class="graphviz">'
+               '<object data="_images/inheritance-\\w+.svg" '
+               'type="image/svg\\+xml" class="inheritance graphviz">\n'
+               '<p class=\"warning\">Inheritance diagram of test.Foo</p>'
+               '</object></div>\n<figcaption>\n<p><span class="caption-text">'
+               'Test Foo!</span><a class="headerlink" href="#id1" '
+               'title="Link to this image">\xb6</a></p>\n</figcaption>\n</figure>\n')
+
+    assert re.search(pattern, content, re.M)
+
+    subdir_content = (app.outdir / 'subdir/page1.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    subdir_svgs = re.findall('<object data="../(_images/inheritance-\\w+.svg?)"', subdir_content)
+
+    # Go through every SVG inheritance diagram
+    for diagram in base_svgs + subdir_svgs:
+        diagram_content = (app.outdir / diagram).read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+        # Verify that an intersphinx link was created via the external inventory
+        if 'subdir.' in diagram_content:
+            assert "https://example.org" in diagram_content
+
+        # Extract every link in the inheritance diagram
+        for href in re.findall('href="(\\S+?)"', diagram_content):
+            if '://' in href:
+                # Verify that absolute URLs are not prefixed with ../
+                assert href.startswith("https://example.org/")
+            else:
+                # Verify that relative URLs point to existing documents
+                reluri = href.rsplit('#', 1)[0]  # strip the anchor at the end
+                abs_uri = (app.outdir / app.builder.imagedir / reluri).resolve()
+                assert abs_uri.exists()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='ext-inheritance_diagram')
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures('if_graphviz_found')
+def test_inheritance_diagram_latex(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    pattern = ('\\\\begin{figure}\\[htbp]\n\\\\centering\n\\\\capstart\n\n'
+               '\\\\sphinxincludegraphics\\[\\]{inheritance-\\w+.pdf}\n'
+               '\\\\caption{Test Foo!}\\\\label{\\\\detokenize{index:id1}}\\\\end{figure}')
+    assert re.search(pattern, content, re.M)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-inheritance_diagram',
+                    srcdir='ext-inheritance_diagram-alias')
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures('if_graphviz_found')
+def test_inheritance_diagram_latex_alias(app, status, warning):
+    app.config.inheritance_alias = {'test.Foo': 'alias.Foo'}
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    doc = app.env.get_and_resolve_doctree('index', app)
+    aliased_graph = doc.children[0].children[3]['graph'].class_info
+    assert len(aliased_graph) == 4
+    assert ('test.DocSubDir2', 'test.DocSubDir2', ['test.DocSubDir1'], None) in aliased_graph
+    assert ('test.DocSubDir1', 'test.DocSubDir1', ['test.DocHere'], None) in aliased_graph
+    assert ('test.DocHere', 'test.DocHere', ['alias.Foo'], None) in aliased_graph
+    assert ('alias.Foo', 'alias.Foo', [], None) in aliased_graph
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    pattern = ('<figure class="align-default" id="id1">\n'
+               '<div class="graphviz">'
+               '<img src="_images/inheritance-\\w+.png" alt="Inheritance diagram of test.Foo" '
+               'class="inheritance graphviz" /></div>\n<figcaption>\n<p>'
+               '<span class="caption-text">Test Foo!</span><a class="headerlink" href="#id1" '
+               'title="Link to this image">\xb6</a></p>\n</figcaption>\n</figure>\n')
+    assert re.search(pattern, content, re.M)
+
+
+def test_import_classes(rootdir):
+    from sphinx.parsers import Parser, RSTParser
+    from sphinx.util.i18n import CatalogInfo
+
+    try:
+        sys.path.append(str(rootdir / 'test-ext-inheritance_diagram'))
+        from example.sphinx import DummyClass
+
+        # got exception for unknown class or module
+        with pytest.raises(InheritanceException):
+            import_classes('unknown', None)
+        with pytest.raises(InheritanceException):
+            import_classes('unknown.Unknown', None)
+
+        # got exception InheritanceException for wrong class or module
+        # not AttributeError (refs: #4019)
+        with pytest.raises(InheritanceException):
+            import_classes('unknown', '.')
+        with pytest.raises(InheritanceException):
+            import_classes('unknown.Unknown', '.')
+        with pytest.raises(InheritanceException):
+            import_classes('.', None)
+
+        # a module having no classes
+        classes = import_classes('sphinx', None)
+        assert classes == []
+
+        classes = import_classes('sphinx', 'foo')
+        assert classes == []
+
+        # all of classes in the module
+        classes = import_classes('sphinx.parsers', None)
+        assert set(classes) == {Parser, RSTParser}
+
+        # specified class in the module
+        classes = import_classes('sphinx.parsers.Parser', None)
+        assert classes == [Parser]
+
+        # specified class in current module
+        classes = import_classes('Parser', 'sphinx.parsers')
+        assert classes == [Parser]
+
+        # relative module name to current module
+        classes = import_classes('i18n.CatalogInfo', 'sphinx.util')
+        assert classes == [CatalogInfo]
+
+        # got exception for functions
+        with pytest.raises(InheritanceException):
+            import_classes('encode_uri', 'sphinx.util')
+
+        # import submodule on current module (refs: #3164)
+        classes = import_classes('sphinx', 'example')
+        assert classes == [DummyClass]
+    finally:
+        sys.path.pop()
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_intersphinx.py b/tests/test_ext_intersphinx.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..82bec9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_ext_intersphinx.py
@@ -0,0 +1,568 @@
+"""Test the intersphinx extension."""
+
+import http.server
+from unittest import mock
+
+import pytest
+from docutils import nodes
+
+from sphinx import addnodes
+from sphinx.ext.intersphinx import (
+    INVENTORY_FILENAME,
+    _get_safe_url,
+    _strip_basic_auth,
+    fetch_inventory,
+    inspect_main,
+    load_mappings,
+    missing_reference,
+    normalize_intersphinx_mapping,
+)
+from sphinx.ext.intersphinx import setup as intersphinx_setup
+
+from .test_util_inventory import inventory_v2, inventory_v2_not_having_version
+from .utils import http_server
+
+
+def fake_node(domain, type, target, content, **attrs):
+    contnode = nodes.emphasis(content, content)
+    node = addnodes.pending_xref('')
+    node['reftarget'] = target
+    node['reftype'] = type
+    node['refdomain'] = domain
+    node.attributes.update(attrs)
+    node += contnode
+    return node, contnode
+
+
+def reference_check(app, *args, **kwds):
+    node, contnode = fake_node(*args, **kwds)
+    return missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
+
+
+def set_config(app, mapping):
+    app.config.intersphinx_mapping = mapping
+    app.config.intersphinx_cache_limit = 0
+    app.config.intersphinx_disabled_reftypes = []
+
+
+@mock.patch('sphinx.ext.intersphinx.InventoryFile')
+@mock.patch('sphinx.ext.intersphinx._read_from_url')
+def test_fetch_inventory_redirection(_read_from_url, InventoryFile, app, status, warning):  # NoQA: PT019
+    intersphinx_setup(app)
+    _read_from_url().readline.return_value = b'# Sphinx inventory version 2'
+
+    # same uri and inv, not redirected
+    _read_from_url().url = 'http://hostname/' + INVENTORY_FILENAME
+    fetch_inventory(app, 'http://hostname/', 'http://hostname/' + INVENTORY_FILENAME)
+    assert 'intersphinx inventory has moved' not in status.getvalue()
+    assert InventoryFile.load.call_args[0][1] == 'http://hostname/'
+
+    # same uri and inv, redirected
+    status.seek(0)
+    status.truncate(0)
+    _read_from_url().url = 'http://hostname/new/' + INVENTORY_FILENAME
+
+    fetch_inventory(app, 'http://hostname/', 'http://hostname/' + INVENTORY_FILENAME)
+    assert status.getvalue() == ('intersphinx inventory has moved: '
+                                 'http://hostname/%s -> http://hostname/new/%s\n' %
+                                 (INVENTORY_FILENAME, INVENTORY_FILENAME))
+    assert InventoryFile.load.call_args[0][1] == 'http://hostname/new'
+
+    # different uri and inv, not redirected
+    status.seek(0)
+    status.truncate(0)
+    _read_from_url().url = 'http://hostname/new/' + INVENTORY_FILENAME
+
+    fetch_inventory(app, 'http://hostname/', 'http://hostname/new/' + INVENTORY_FILENAME)
+    assert 'intersphinx inventory has moved' not in status.getvalue()
+    assert InventoryFile.load.call_args[0][1] == 'http://hostname/'
+
+    # different uri and inv, redirected
+    status.seek(0)
+    status.truncate(0)
+    _read_from_url().url = 'http://hostname/other/' + INVENTORY_FILENAME
+
+    fetch_inventory(app, 'http://hostname/', 'http://hostname/new/' + INVENTORY_FILENAME)
+    assert status.getvalue() == ('intersphinx inventory has moved: '
+                                 'http://hostname/new/%s -> http://hostname/other/%s\n' %
+                                 (INVENTORY_FILENAME, INVENTORY_FILENAME))
+    assert InventoryFile.load.call_args[0][1] == 'http://hostname/'
+
+
+def test_missing_reference(tmp_path, app, status, warning):
+    inv_file = tmp_path / 'inventory'
+    inv_file.write_bytes(inventory_v2)
+    set_config(app, {
+        'https://docs.python.org/': str(inv_file),
+        'py3k': ('https://docs.python.org/py3k/', str(inv_file)),
+        'py3krel': ('py3k', str(inv_file)),  # relative path
+        'py3krelparent': ('../../py3k', str(inv_file)),  # relative path, parent dir
+    })
+
+    # load the inventory and check if it's done correctly
+    normalize_intersphinx_mapping(app, app.config)
+    load_mappings(app)
+    inv = app.env.intersphinx_inventory
+
+    assert inv['py:module']['module2'] == \
+        ('foo', '2.0', 'https://docs.python.org/foo.html#module-module2', '-')
+
+    # check resolution when a target is found
+    rn = reference_check(app, 'py', 'func', 'module1.func', 'foo')
+    assert isinstance(rn, nodes.reference)
+    assert rn['refuri'] == 'https://docs.python.org/sub/foo.html#module1.func'
+    assert rn['reftitle'] == '(in foo v2.0)'
+    assert rn[0].astext() == 'foo'
+
+    # create unresolvable nodes and check None return value
+    assert reference_check(app, 'py', 'foo', 'module1.func', 'foo') is None
+    assert reference_check(app, 'py', 'func', 'foo', 'foo') is None
+    assert reference_check(app, 'py', 'func', 'foo', 'foo') is None
+
+    # check handling of prefixes
+
+    # prefix given, target found: prefix is stripped
+    rn = reference_check(app, 'py', 'mod', 'py3k:module2', 'py3k:module2')
+    assert rn[0].astext() == 'module2'
+
+    # prefix given, but not in title: nothing stripped
+    rn = reference_check(app, 'py', 'mod', 'py3k:module2', 'module2')
+    assert rn[0].astext() == 'module2'
+
+    # prefix given, but explicit: nothing stripped
+    rn = reference_check(app, 'py', 'mod', 'py3k:module2', 'py3k:module2',
+                         refexplicit=True)
+    assert rn[0].astext() == 'py3k:module2'
+
+    # prefix given, target not found and nonexplicit title: prefix is not stripped
+    node, contnode = fake_node('py', 'mod', 'py3k:unknown', 'py3k:unknown',
+                               refexplicit=False)
+    rn = missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
+    assert rn is None
+    assert contnode[0].astext() == 'py3k:unknown'
+
+    # prefix given, target not found and explicit title: nothing is changed
+    node, contnode = fake_node('py', 'mod', 'py3k:unknown', 'py3k:unknown',
+                               refexplicit=True)
+    rn = missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
+    assert rn is None
+    assert contnode[0].astext() == 'py3k:unknown'
+
+    # check relative paths
+    rn = reference_check(app, 'py', 'mod', 'py3krel:module1', 'foo')
+    assert rn['refuri'] == 'py3k/foo.html#module-module1'
+
+    rn = reference_check(app, 'py', 'mod', 'py3krelparent:module1', 'foo')
+    assert rn['refuri'] == '../../py3k/foo.html#module-module1'
+
+    rn = reference_check(app, 'py', 'mod', 'py3krel:module1', 'foo', refdoc='sub/dir/test')
+    assert rn['refuri'] == '../../py3k/foo.html#module-module1'
+
+    rn = reference_check(app, 'py', 'mod', 'py3krelparent:module1', 'foo',
+                         refdoc='sub/dir/test')
+    assert rn['refuri'] == '../../../../py3k/foo.html#module-module1'
+
+    # check refs of standard domain
+    rn = reference_check(app, 'std', 'doc', 'docname', 'docname')
+    assert rn['refuri'] == 'https://docs.python.org/docname.html'
+
+
+def test_missing_reference_pydomain(tmp_path, app, status, warning):
+    inv_file = tmp_path / 'inventory'
+    inv_file.write_bytes(inventory_v2)
+    set_config(app, {
+        'https://docs.python.org/': str(inv_file),
+    })
+
+    # load the inventory and check if it's done correctly
+    normalize_intersphinx_mapping(app, app.config)
+    load_mappings(app)
+
+    # no context data
+    kwargs = {}
+    node, contnode = fake_node('py', 'func', 'func', 'func()', **kwargs)
+    rn = missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
+    assert rn is None
+
+    # py:module context helps to search objects
+    kwargs = {'py:module': 'module1'}
+    node, contnode = fake_node('py', 'func', 'func', 'func()', **kwargs)
+    rn = missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
+    assert rn.astext() == 'func()'
+
+    # py:attr context helps to search objects
+    kwargs = {'py:module': 'module1'}
+    node, contnode = fake_node('py', 'attr', 'Foo.bar', 'Foo.bar', **kwargs)
+    rn = missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
+    assert rn.astext() == 'Foo.bar'
+
+    # term reference (normal)
+    node, contnode = fake_node('std', 'term', 'a term', 'a term')
+    rn = missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
+    assert rn.astext() == 'a term'
+
+    # term reference (case insensitive)
+    node, contnode = fake_node('std', 'term', 'A TERM', 'A TERM')
+    rn = missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
+    assert rn.astext() == 'A TERM'
+
+
+def test_missing_reference_stddomain(tmp_path, app, status, warning):
+    inv_file = tmp_path / 'inventory'
+    inv_file.write_bytes(inventory_v2)
+    set_config(app, {
+        'cmd': ('https://docs.python.org/', str(inv_file)),
+    })
+
+    # load the inventory and check if it's done correctly
+    normalize_intersphinx_mapping(app, app.config)
+    load_mappings(app)
+
+    # no context data
+    kwargs = {}
+    node, contnode = fake_node('std', 'option', '-l', '-l', **kwargs)
+    rn = missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
+    assert rn is None
+
+    # std:program context helps to search objects
+    kwargs = {'std:program': 'ls'}
+    node, contnode = fake_node('std', 'option', '-l', 'ls -l', **kwargs)
+    rn = missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
+    assert rn.astext() == 'ls -l'
+
+    # refers inventory by name
+    kwargs = {}
+    node, contnode = fake_node('std', 'option', 'cmd:ls -l', '-l', **kwargs)
+    rn = missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
+    assert rn.astext() == '-l'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-intersphinx-cppdomain')
+def test_missing_reference_cppdomain(tmp_path, app, status, warning):
+    inv_file = tmp_path / 'inventory'
+    inv_file.write_bytes(inventory_v2)
+    set_config(app, {
+        'https://docs.python.org/': str(inv_file),
+    })
+
+    # load the inventory and check if it's done correctly
+    normalize_intersphinx_mapping(app, app.config)
+    load_mappings(app)
+
+    app.build()
+    html = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('<a class="reference external"'
+            ' href="https://docs.python.org/index.html#cpp_foo_bar"'
+            ' title="(in foo v2.0)">'
+            '<code class="xref cpp cpp-class docutils literal notranslate">'
+            '<span class="pre">Bar</span></code></a>' in html)
+    assert ('<a class="reference external"'
+            ' href="https://docs.python.org/index.html#foons"'
+            ' title="(in foo v2.0)"><span class="n"><span class="pre">foons</span></span></a>' in html)
+    assert ('<a class="reference external"'
+            ' href="https://docs.python.org/index.html#foons_bartype"'
+            ' title="(in foo v2.0)"><span class="n"><span class="pre">bartype</span></span></a>' in html)
+
+
+def test_missing_reference_jsdomain(tmp_path, app, status, warning):
+    inv_file = tmp_path / 'inventory'
+    inv_file.write_bytes(inventory_v2)
+    set_config(app, {
+        'https://docs.python.org/': str(inv_file),
+    })
+
+    # load the inventory and check if it's done correctly
+    normalize_intersphinx_mapping(app, app.config)
+    load_mappings(app)
+
+    # no context data
+    kwargs = {}
+    node, contnode = fake_node('js', 'meth', 'baz', 'baz()', **kwargs)
+    rn = missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
+    assert rn is None
+
+    # js:module and js:object context helps to search objects
+    kwargs = {'js:module': 'foo', 'js:object': 'bar'}
+    node, contnode = fake_node('js', 'meth', 'baz', 'baz()', **kwargs)
+    rn = missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
+    assert rn.astext() == 'baz()'
+
+
+def test_missing_reference_disabled_domain(tmp_path, app, status, warning):
+    inv_file = tmp_path / 'inventory'
+    inv_file.write_bytes(inventory_v2)
+    set_config(app, {
+        'inv': ('https://docs.python.org/', str(inv_file)),
+    })
+
+    # load the inventory and check if it's done correctly
+    normalize_intersphinx_mapping(app, app.config)
+    load_mappings(app)
+
+    def case(*, term, doc, py):
+        def assert_(rn, expected):
+            if expected is None:
+                assert rn is None
+            else:
+                assert rn.astext() == expected
+
+        kwargs = {}
+
+        node, contnode = fake_node('std', 'term', 'a term', 'a term', **kwargs)
+        rn = missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
+        assert_(rn, 'a term' if term else None)
+
+        node, contnode = fake_node('std', 'term', 'inv:a term', 'a term', **kwargs)
+        rn = missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
+        assert_(rn, 'a term')
+
+        node, contnode = fake_node('std', 'doc', 'docname', 'docname', **kwargs)
+        rn = missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
+        assert_(rn, 'docname' if doc else None)
+
+        node, contnode = fake_node('std', 'doc', 'inv:docname', 'docname', **kwargs)
+        rn = missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
+        assert_(rn, 'docname')
+
+        # an arbitrary ref in another domain
+        node, contnode = fake_node('py', 'func', 'module1.func', 'func()', **kwargs)
+        rn = missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
+        assert_(rn, 'func()' if py else None)
+
+        node, contnode = fake_node('py', 'func', 'inv:module1.func', 'func()', **kwargs)
+        rn = missing_reference(app, app.env, node, contnode)
+        assert_(rn, 'func()')
+
+    # the base case, everything should resolve
+    assert app.config.intersphinx_disabled_reftypes == []
+    case(term=True, doc=True, py=True)
+
+    # disabled a single ref type
+    app.config.intersphinx_disabled_reftypes = ['std:doc']
+    case(term=True, doc=False, py=True)
+
+    # disabled a whole domain
+    app.config.intersphinx_disabled_reftypes = ['std:*']
+    case(term=False, doc=False, py=True)
+
+    # disabled all domains
+    app.config.intersphinx_disabled_reftypes = ['*']
+    case(term=False, doc=False, py=False)
+
+
+def test_inventory_not_having_version(tmp_path, app, status, warning):
+    inv_file = tmp_path / 'inventory'
+    inv_file.write_bytes(inventory_v2_not_having_version)
+    set_config(app, {
+        'https://docs.python.org/': str(inv_file),
+    })
+
+    # load the inventory and check if it's done correctly
+    normalize_intersphinx_mapping(app, app.config)
+    load_mappings(app)
+
+    rn = reference_check(app, 'py', 'mod', 'module1', 'foo')
+    assert isinstance(rn, nodes.reference)
+    assert rn['refuri'] == 'https://docs.python.org/foo.html#module-module1'
+    assert rn['reftitle'] == '(in foo)'
+    assert rn[0].astext() == 'Long Module desc'
+
+
+def test_load_mappings_warnings(tmp_path, app, status, warning):
+    """
+    load_mappings issues a warning if new-style mapping
+    identifiers are not string
+    """
+    inv_file = tmp_path / 'inventory'
+    inv_file.write_bytes(inventory_v2)
+    set_config(app, {
+        'https://docs.python.org/': str(inv_file),
+        'py3k': ('https://docs.python.org/py3k/', str(inv_file)),
+        'repoze.workflow': ('http://docs.repoze.org/workflow/', str(inv_file)),
+        'django-taggit': ('http://django-taggit.readthedocs.org/en/latest/',
+                          str(inv_file)),
+        12345: ('http://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/stable/', str(inv_file)),
+    })
+
+    # load the inventory and check if it's done correctly
+    normalize_intersphinx_mapping(app, app.config)
+    load_mappings(app)
+    warnings = warning.getvalue().splitlines()
+    assert len(warnings) == 2
+    assert "The pre-Sphinx 1.0 'intersphinx_mapping' format is " in warnings[0]
+    assert 'intersphinx identifier 12345 is not string. Ignored' in warnings[1]
+
+
+def test_load_mappings_fallback(tmp_path, app, status, warning):
+    inv_file = tmp_path / 'inventory'
+    inv_file.write_bytes(inventory_v2)
+    set_config(app, {})
+
+    # connect to invalid path
+    app.config.intersphinx_mapping = {
+        'fallback': ('https://docs.python.org/py3k/', '/invalid/inventory/path'),
+    }
+    normalize_intersphinx_mapping(app, app.config)
+    load_mappings(app)
+    assert "failed to reach any of the inventories" in warning.getvalue()
+
+    rn = reference_check(app, 'py', 'func', 'module1.func', 'foo')
+    assert rn is None
+
+    # clear messages
+    status.truncate(0)
+    warning.truncate(0)
+
+    # add fallbacks to mapping
+    app.config.intersphinx_mapping = {
+        'fallback': ('https://docs.python.org/py3k/', ('/invalid/inventory/path',
+                                                       str(inv_file))),
+    }
+    normalize_intersphinx_mapping(app, app.config)
+    load_mappings(app)
+    assert "encountered some issues with some of the inventories" in status.getvalue()
+    assert warning.getvalue() == ""
+
+    rn = reference_check(app, 'py', 'func', 'module1.func', 'foo')
+    assert isinstance(rn, nodes.reference)
+
+
+class TestStripBasicAuth:
+    """Tests for sphinx.ext.intersphinx._strip_basic_auth()"""
+    def test_auth_stripped(self):
+        """basic auth creds stripped from URL containing creds"""
+        url = 'https://user:12345@domain.com/project/objects.inv'
+        expected = 'https://domain.com/project/objects.inv'
+        actual = _strip_basic_auth(url)
+        assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_no_auth(self):
+        """url unchanged if param doesn't contain basic auth creds"""
+        url = 'https://domain.com/project/objects.inv'
+        expected = 'https://domain.com/project/objects.inv'
+        actual = _strip_basic_auth(url)
+        assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_having_port(self):
+        """basic auth creds correctly stripped from URL containing creds even if URL
+        contains port"""
+        url = 'https://user:12345@domain.com:8080/project/objects.inv'
+        expected = 'https://domain.com:8080/project/objects.inv'
+        actual = _strip_basic_auth(url)
+        assert expected == actual
+
+
+def test_getsafeurl_authed():
+    """_get_safe_url() with a url with basic auth"""
+    url = 'https://user:12345@domain.com/project/objects.inv'
+    expected = 'https://user@domain.com/project/objects.inv'
+    actual = _get_safe_url(url)
+    assert expected == actual
+
+
+def test_getsafeurl_authed_having_port():
+    """_get_safe_url() with a url with basic auth having port"""
+    url = 'https://user:12345@domain.com:8080/project/objects.inv'
+    expected = 'https://user@domain.com:8080/project/objects.inv'
+    actual = _get_safe_url(url)
+    assert expected == actual
+
+
+def test_getsafeurl_unauthed():
+    """_get_safe_url() with a url without basic auth"""
+    url = 'https://domain.com/project/objects.inv'
+    expected = 'https://domain.com/project/objects.inv'
+    actual = _get_safe_url(url)
+    assert expected == actual
+
+
+def test_inspect_main_noargs(capsys):
+    """inspect_main interface, without arguments"""
+    assert inspect_main([]) == 1
+
+    expected = (
+        "Print out an inventory file.\n"
+        "Error: must specify local path or URL to an inventory file."
+    )
+    stdout, stderr = capsys.readouterr()
+    assert stdout == ""
+    assert stderr == expected + "\n"
+
+
+def test_inspect_main_file(capsys, tmp_path):
+    """inspect_main interface, with file argument"""
+    inv_file = tmp_path / 'inventory'
+    inv_file.write_bytes(inventory_v2)
+
+    inspect_main([str(inv_file)])
+
+    stdout, stderr = capsys.readouterr()
+    assert stdout.startswith("c:function\n")
+    assert stderr == ""
+
+
+def test_inspect_main_url(capsys):
+    """inspect_main interface, with url argument"""
+    class InventoryHandler(http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
+        def do_GET(self):
+            self.send_response(200, "OK")
+            self.end_headers()
+            self.wfile.write(inventory_v2)
+
+        def log_message(*args, **kwargs):
+            # Silenced.
+            pass
+
+    url = 'http://localhost:7777/' + INVENTORY_FILENAME
+
+    with http_server(InventoryHandler):
+        inspect_main([url])
+
+    stdout, stderr = capsys.readouterr()
+    assert stdout.startswith("c:function\n")
+    assert stderr == ""
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-intersphinx-role')
+def test_intersphinx_role(app, warning):
+    inv_file = app.srcdir / 'inventory'
+    inv_file.write_bytes(inventory_v2)
+    app.config.intersphinx_mapping = {
+        'inv': ('http://example.org/', str(inv_file)),
+    }
+    app.config.intersphinx_cache_limit = 0
+    app.config.nitpicky = True
+
+    # load the inventory and check if it's done correctly
+    normalize_intersphinx_mapping(app, app.config)
+    load_mappings(app)
+
+    app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    wStr = warning.getvalue()
+
+    html = '<a class="reference external" href="http://example.org/{}" title="(in foo v2.0)">'
+    assert html.format('foo.html#module-module1') in content
+    assert html.format('foo.html#module-module2') in content
+    assert "WARNING: external py:mod reference target not found: module3" in wStr
+    assert "WARNING: external py:mod reference target not found: module10" in wStr
+
+    assert html.format('sub/foo.html#module1.func') in content
+    assert "WARNING: external py:meth reference target not found: inv:Foo.bar" in wStr
+
+    assert "WARNING: role for external cross-reference not found: py:nope" in wStr
+
+    # default domain
+    assert html.format('index.html#std_uint8_t') in content
+    assert "WARNING: role for external cross-reference not found: nope" in wStr
+
+    # std roles without domain prefix
+    assert html.format('docname.html') in content
+    assert html.format('index.html#cmdoption-ls-l') in content
+
+    # explicit inventory
+    assert html.format('cfunc.html#CFunc') in content
+    assert "WARNING: inventory for external cross-reference not found: invNope" in wStr
+
+    # explicit title
+    assert html.format('index.html#foons') in content
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_math.py b/tests/test_ext_math.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d5331f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_ext_math.py
@@ -0,0 +1,345 @@
+"""Test math extensions."""
+
+import re
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+import warnings
+
+import pytest
+from docutils import nodes
+
+from sphinx.ext.mathjax import MATHJAX_URL
+from sphinx.testing.util import assert_node
+
+
+def has_binary(binary):
+    try:
+        subprocess.check_output([binary])
+    except FileNotFoundError:
+        return False
+    except OSError:
+        pass
+    return True
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not has_binary('dvipng'),
+                    reason='Requires dvipng" binary')
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-math-simple',
+                    confoverrides = {'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.imgmath']})
+def test_imgmath_png(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    if "LaTeX command 'latex' cannot be run" in warning.getvalue():
+        msg = 'LaTeX command "latex" is not available'
+        raise pytest.skip.Exception(msg)
+    if "dvipng command 'dvipng' cannot be run" in warning.getvalue():
+        msg = 'dvipng command "dvipng" is not available'
+        raise pytest.skip.Exception(msg)
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    shutil.rmtree(app.outdir)
+    html = (r'<div class="math">\s*<p>\s*<img src="_images/math/\w+.png"'
+            r'\s*alt="a\^2\+b\^2=c\^2"/>\s*</p>\s*</div>')
+    assert re.search(html, content, re.S)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not has_binary('dvisvgm'),
+                    reason='Requires dvisvgm" binary')
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-math-simple',
+                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.imgmath'],
+                                   'imgmath_image_format': 'svg'})
+def test_imgmath_svg(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    if "LaTeX command 'latex' cannot be run" in warning.getvalue():
+        msg = 'LaTeX command "latex" is not available'
+        raise pytest.skip.Exception(msg)
+    if "dvisvgm command 'dvisvgm' cannot be run" in warning.getvalue():
+        msg = 'dvisvgm command "dvisvgm" is not available'
+        raise pytest.skip.Exception(msg)
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    shutil.rmtree(app.outdir)
+    html = (r'<div class="math">\s*<p>\s*<img src="_images/math/\w+.svg"'
+            r'\s*alt="a\^2\+b\^2=c\^2"/>\s*</p>\s*</div>')
+    assert re.search(html, content, re.S)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(not has_binary('dvisvgm'),
+                    reason='Requires dvisvgm" binary')
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-math-simple',
+                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.imgmath'],
+                                   'imgmath_image_format': 'svg',
+                                   'imgmath_embed': True})
+def test_imgmath_svg_embed(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    if "LaTeX command 'latex' cannot be run" in warning.getvalue():
+        msg = 'LaTeX command "latex" is not available'
+        raise pytest.skip.Exception(msg)
+    if "dvisvgm command 'dvisvgm' cannot be run" in warning.getvalue():
+        msg = 'dvisvgm command "dvisvgm" is not available'
+        raise pytest.skip.Exception(msg)
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    shutil.rmtree(app.outdir)
+    html = r'<img src="data:image/svg\+xml;base64,[\w\+/=]+"'
+    assert re.search(html, content, re.DOTALL)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-math',
+                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.mathjax'],
+                                   'mathjax_options': {'integrity': 'sha384-0123456789'}})
+def test_mathjax_options(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    shutil.rmtree(app.outdir)
+    assert ('<script async="async" integrity="sha384-0123456789" '
+            'src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/tex-mml-chtml.js">'
+            '</script>' in content)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-math',
+                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.mathjax']})
+def test_mathjax_align(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    shutil.rmtree(app.outdir)
+    html = (r'<div class="math notranslate nohighlight">\s*'
+            r'\\\[ \\begin\{align\}\\begin\{aligned\}S \&amp;= \\pi r\^2\\\\'
+            r'V \&amp;= \\frac\{4\}\{3\} \\pi r\^3\\end\{aligned\}\\end\{align\} \\\]</div>')
+    assert re.search(html, content, re.S)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-math',
+                    confoverrides={'math_number_all': True,
+                                   'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.mathjax']})
+def test_math_number_all_mathjax(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    html = (r'<div class="math notranslate nohighlight" id="equation-index-0">\s*'
+            r'<span class="eqno">\(1\)<a .*>\xb6</a></span>\\\[a\^2\+b\^2=c\^2\\\]</div>')
+    assert re.search(html, content, re.S)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='ext-math',
+                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.mathjax']})
+def test_math_number_all_latex(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    macro = (r'\\begin{equation\*}\s*'
+             r'\\begin{split}a\^2\+b\^2=c\^2\\end{split}\s*'
+             r'\\end{equation\*}')
+    assert re.search(macro, content, re.S)
+
+    macro = r'Inline \\\(E=mc\^2\\\)'
+    assert re.search(macro, content, re.S)
+
+    macro = (r'\\begin{equation\*}\s*'
+             r'\\begin{split}e\^{i\\pi}\+1=0\\end{split}\s+'
+             r'\\end{equation\*}')
+    assert re.search(macro, content, re.S)
+
+    macro = (r'\\begin{align\*}\\!\\begin{aligned}\s*'
+             r'S &= \\pi r\^2\\\\\s*'
+             r'V &= \\frac\{4}\{3} \\pi r\^3\\\\\s*'
+             r'\\end{aligned}\\end{align\*}')
+    assert re.search(macro, content, re.S)
+
+    macro = r'Referencing equation \\eqref{equation:math:foo}.'
+    assert re.search(macro, content, re.S)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-math',
+                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.mathjax'],
+                                   'math_eqref_format': 'Eq.{number}'})
+def test_math_eqref_format_html(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'math.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    html = ('<p>Referencing equation <a class="reference internal" '
+            'href="#equation-foo">Eq.1</a> and <a class="reference internal" '
+            'href="#equation-foo">Eq.1</a>.</p>')
+    assert html in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='ext-math',
+                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.mathjax'],
+                                   'math_eqref_format': 'Eq.{number}'})
+def test_math_eqref_format_latex(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    macro = (r'Referencing equation Eq.\\ref{equation:math:foo} and '
+             r'Eq.\\ref{equation:math:foo}.')
+    assert re.search(macro, content, re.S)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-math',
+                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.mathjax'],
+                                   'numfig': True,
+                                   'math_numfig': True})
+def test_mathjax_numfig_html(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'math.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    html = ('<div class="math notranslate nohighlight" id="equation-math-0">\n'
+            '<span class="eqno">(1.2)')
+    assert html in content
+    html = ('<p>Referencing equation <a class="reference internal" '
+            'href="#equation-foo">(1.1)</a> and '
+            '<a class="reference internal" href="#equation-foo">(1.1)</a>.</p>')
+    assert html in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-math',
+                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.imgmath'],
+                                   'numfig': True,
+                                   'numfig_secnum_depth': 0,
+                                   'math_numfig': True})
+def test_imgmath_numfig_html(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'page.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    html = '<span class="eqno">(3)<a class="headerlink" href="#equation-bar"'
+    assert html in content
+    html = ('<p>Referencing equations <a class="reference internal" '
+            'href="math.html#equation-foo">(1)</a> and '
+            '<a class="reference internal" href="#equation-bar">(3)</a>.</p>')
+    assert html in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='ext-math-compat')
+def test_math_compat(app, status, warning):
+    with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True):
+        app.builder.build_all()
+        doctree = app.env.get_and_resolve_doctree('index', app.builder)
+
+        assert_node(doctree,
+                    [nodes.document, nodes.section, (nodes.title,
+                                                     [nodes.section, (nodes.title,
+                                                                      nodes.paragraph)],
+                                                     nodes.section)])
+        assert_node(doctree[0][1][1],
+                    ('Inline: ',
+                     [nodes.math, "E=mc^2"],
+                     '\nInline my math: ',
+                     [nodes.math, "E = mc^2"]))
+        assert_node(doctree[0][2],
+                    ([nodes.title, "block"],
+                     [nodes.math_block, "a^2+b^2=c^2\n\n"],
+                     [nodes.paragraph, "Second math"],
+                     [nodes.math_block, "e^{i\\pi}+1=0\n\n"],
+                     [nodes.paragraph, "Multi math equations"],
+                     [nodes.math_block, "E = mc^2"]))
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-math',
+                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.mathjax'],
+                                   'mathjax3_config': {'extensions': ['tex2jax.js']}})
+def test_mathjax3_config(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert MATHJAX_URL in content
+    assert ('<script defer="defer" src="%s">' % MATHJAX_URL in content)
+    assert ('<script>window.MathJax = {"extensions": ["tex2jax.js"]}</script>' in content)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-math',
+                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.mathjax'],
+                                   'mathjax2_config': {'extensions': ['tex2jax.js']}})
+def test_mathjax2_config(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('<script async="async" src="%s">' % MATHJAX_URL in content)
+    assert ('<script type="text/x-mathjax-config">'
+            'MathJax.Hub.Config({"extensions": ["tex2jax.js"]})'
+            '</script>' in content)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-math',
+                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.mathjax'],
+                                   'mathjax_options': {'async': 'async'},
+                                   'mathjax3_config': {'extensions': ['tex2jax.js']}})
+def test_mathjax_options_async_for_mathjax3(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert MATHJAX_URL in content
+    assert ('<script async="async" src="%s">' % MATHJAX_URL in content)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-math',
+                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.mathjax'],
+                                   'mathjax_options': {'defer': 'defer'},
+                                   'mathjax2_config': {'extensions': ['tex2jax.js']}})
+def test_mathjax_options_defer_for_mathjax2(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('<script defer="defer" src="%s">' % MATHJAX_URL in content)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'html', testroot='ext-math',
+    confoverrides={
+        'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.mathjax'],
+        'mathjax_path': 'MathJax.js',
+    },
+)
+def test_mathjax_path(app):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '<script async="async" src="_static/MathJax.js"></script>' in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'html', testroot='ext-math',
+    confoverrides={
+        'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.mathjax'],
+        'mathjax_path': 'MathJax.js?config=scipy-mathjax',
+    },
+)
+def test_mathjax_path_config(app):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '<script async="async" src="_static/MathJax.js?config=scipy-mathjax"></script>' in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-math',
+                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.mathjax']})
+def test_mathjax_is_installed_only_if_document_having_math(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert MATHJAX_URL in content
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'nomath.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert MATHJAX_URL not in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic',
+                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.mathjax']})
+def test_mathjax_is_not_installed_if_no_equations(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert 'MathJax.js' not in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-math',
+                    confoverrides={'extensions': ['sphinx.ext.mathjax']})
+def test_mathjax_is_installed_if_no_equations_when_forced(app, status, warning):
+    app.set_html_assets_policy('always')
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert MATHJAX_URL in content
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'nomath.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert MATHJAX_URL in content
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_napoleon.py b/tests/test_ext_napoleon.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..00b7ac1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_ext_napoleon.py
@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+"""Tests for :mod:`sphinx.ext.napoleon.__init__` module."""
+
+import functools
+from collections import namedtuple
+from unittest import mock
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx.application import Sphinx
+from sphinx.ext.napoleon import Config, _process_docstring, _skip_member, setup
+
+
+def simple_decorator(f):
+    """
+    A simple decorator that does nothing, for tests to use.
+    """
+    @functools.wraps(f)
+    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+        return f(*args, **kwargs)
+    return wrapper
+
+
+def _private_doc():
+    """module._private_doc.DOCSTRING"""
+    pass
+
+
+def _private_undoc():
+    pass
+
+
+def __special_doc__():
+    """module.__special_doc__.DOCSTRING"""
+    pass
+
+
+def __special_undoc__():
+    pass
+
+
+class SampleClass:
+    def _private_doc(self):
+        """SampleClass._private_doc.DOCSTRING"""
+        pass
+
+    def _private_undoc(self):
+        pass
+
+    def __special_doc__(self):
+        """SampleClass.__special_doc__.DOCSTRING"""
+        pass
+
+    def __special_undoc__(self):
+        pass
+
+    @simple_decorator
+    def __decorated_func__(self):
+        """doc"""
+        pass
+
+
+class SampleError(Exception):
+    def _private_doc(self):
+        """SampleError._private_doc.DOCSTRING"""
+        pass
+
+    def _private_undoc(self):
+        pass
+
+    def __special_doc__(self):
+        """SampleError.__special_doc__.DOCSTRING"""
+        pass
+
+    def __special_undoc__(self):
+        pass
+
+
+SampleNamedTuple = namedtuple('SampleNamedTuple', 'user_id block_type def_id')
+
+
+class TestProcessDocstring:
+    def test_modify_in_place(self):
+        lines = ['Summary line.',
+                 '',
+                 'Args:',
+                 '   arg1: arg1 description']
+        app = mock.Mock()
+        app.config = Config()
+        _process_docstring(app, 'class', 'SampleClass', SampleClass,
+                           mock.Mock(), lines)
+
+        expected = ['Summary line.',
+                    '',
+                    ':param arg1: arg1 description',
+                    '']
+        assert expected == lines
+
+
+class TestSetup:
+    def test_unknown_app_type(self):
+        setup(object())
+
+    def test_add_config_values(self):
+        app = mock.Mock(Sphinx)
+        setup(app)
+        for name in Config._config_values:
+            has_config = False
+            for method_name, args, _kwargs in app.method_calls:
+                if (
+                    method_name == 'add_config_value' and
+                    args[0] == name
+                ):
+                    has_config = True
+            if not has_config:
+                pytest.fail('Config value was not added to app %s' % name)
+
+        has_process_docstring = False
+        has_skip_member = False
+        for method_name, args, _kwargs in app.method_calls:
+            if method_name == 'connect':
+                if (
+                    args[0] == 'autodoc-process-docstring' and
+                    args[1] == _process_docstring
+                ):
+                    has_process_docstring = True
+                elif (
+                    args[0] == 'autodoc-skip-member' and
+                    args[1] == _skip_member
+                ):
+                    has_skip_member = True
+        if not has_process_docstring:
+            pytest.fail('autodoc-process-docstring never connected')
+        if not has_skip_member:
+            pytest.fail('autodoc-skip-member never connected')
+
+
+class TestSkipMember:
+    def assert_skip(self, what, member, obj, expect_default_skip, config_name):
+        skip = True
+        app = mock.Mock()
+        app.config = Config()
+        setattr(app.config, config_name, True)
+        if expect_default_skip:
+            assert None is _skip_member(app, what, member, obj, skip, mock.Mock())
+        else:
+            assert _skip_member(app, what, member, obj, skip, mock.Mock()) is False
+        setattr(app.config, config_name, False)
+        assert None is _skip_member(app, what, member, obj, skip, mock.Mock())
+
+    def test_namedtuple(self):
+        # Since python 3.7, namedtuple._asdict() has not been documented
+        # because there is no way to check the method is a member of the
+        # namedtuple class.  This testcase confirms only it does not
+        # raise an error on building document (refs: #1455)
+        self.assert_skip('class', '_asdict',
+                         SampleNamedTuple._asdict, True,
+                         'napoleon_include_private_with_doc')
+
+    def test_class_private_doc(self):
+        self.assert_skip('class', '_private_doc',
+                         SampleClass._private_doc, False,
+                         'napoleon_include_private_with_doc')
+
+    def test_class_private_undoc(self):
+        self.assert_skip('class', '_private_undoc',
+                         SampleClass._private_undoc, True,
+                         'napoleon_include_private_with_doc')
+
+    def test_class_special_doc(self):
+        self.assert_skip('class', '__special_doc__',
+                         SampleClass.__special_doc__, False,
+                         'napoleon_include_special_with_doc')
+
+    def test_class_special_undoc(self):
+        self.assert_skip('class', '__special_undoc__',
+                         SampleClass.__special_undoc__, True,
+                         'napoleon_include_special_with_doc')
+
+    def test_class_decorated_doc(self):
+        self.assert_skip('class', '__decorated_func__',
+                         SampleClass.__decorated_func__, False,
+                         'napoleon_include_special_with_doc')
+
+    def test_exception_private_doc(self):
+        self.assert_skip('exception', '_private_doc',
+                         SampleError._private_doc, False,
+                         'napoleon_include_private_with_doc')
+
+    def test_exception_private_undoc(self):
+        self.assert_skip('exception', '_private_undoc',
+                         SampleError._private_undoc, True,
+                         'napoleon_include_private_with_doc')
+
+    def test_exception_special_doc(self):
+        self.assert_skip('exception', '__special_doc__',
+                         SampleError.__special_doc__, False,
+                         'napoleon_include_special_with_doc')
+
+    def test_exception_special_undoc(self):
+        self.assert_skip('exception', '__special_undoc__',
+                         SampleError.__special_undoc__, True,
+                         'napoleon_include_special_with_doc')
+
+    def test_module_private_doc(self):
+        self.assert_skip('module', '_private_doc', _private_doc, False,
+                         'napoleon_include_private_with_doc')
+
+    def test_module_private_undoc(self):
+        self.assert_skip('module', '_private_undoc', _private_undoc, True,
+                         'napoleon_include_private_with_doc')
+
+    def test_module_special_doc(self):
+        self.assert_skip('module', '__special_doc__', __special_doc__, False,
+                         'napoleon_include_special_with_doc')
+
+    def test_module_special_undoc(self):
+        self.assert_skip('module', '__special_undoc__', __special_undoc__, True,
+                         'napoleon_include_special_with_doc')
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_napoleon_docstring.py b/tests/test_ext_napoleon_docstring.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..87fad61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_ext_napoleon_docstring.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2660 @@
+"""Tests for :mod:`sphinx.ext.napoleon.docstring` module."""
+
+import re
+from collections import namedtuple
+from inspect import cleandoc
+from textwrap import dedent
+from unittest import mock
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx.ext.napoleon import Config
+from sphinx.ext.napoleon.docstring import (
+    GoogleDocstring,
+    NumpyDocstring,
+    _convert_numpy_type_spec,
+    _recombine_set_tokens,
+    _token_type,
+    _tokenize_type_spec,
+)
+
+from .ext_napoleon_pep526_data_google import PEP526GoogleClass
+from .ext_napoleon_pep526_data_numpy import PEP526NumpyClass
+
+
+class NamedtupleSubclass(namedtuple('NamedtupleSubclass', ('attr1', 'attr2'))):
+    """Sample namedtuple subclass
+
+    Attributes
+    ----------
+    attr1 : Arbitrary type
+        Quick description of attr1
+    attr2 : Another arbitrary type
+        Quick description of attr2
+    attr3 : Type
+
+        Adds a newline after the type
+
+    """
+    # To avoid creating a dict, as a namedtuple doesn't have it:
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    def __new__(cls, attr1, attr2=None):
+        return super().__new__(cls, attr1, attr2)
+
+
+class TestNamedtupleSubclass:
+    def test_attributes_docstring(self):
+        config = Config()
+        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(cleandoc(NamedtupleSubclass.__doc__),
+                                    config=config, app=None, what='class',
+                                    name='NamedtupleSubclass', obj=NamedtupleSubclass))
+        expected = """\
+Sample namedtuple subclass
+
+.. attribute:: attr1
+
+   Quick description of attr1
+
+   :type: Arbitrary type
+
+.. attribute:: attr2
+
+   Quick description of attr2
+
+   :type: Another arbitrary type
+
+.. attribute:: attr3
+
+   Adds a newline after the type
+
+   :type: Type
+"""
+
+        assert expected == actual
+
+
+class TestInlineAttribute:
+    inline_google_docstring = ('inline description with '
+                               '``a : in code``, '
+                               'a :ref:`reference`, '
+                               'a `link <https://foo.bar>`_, '
+                               'a :meta public:, '
+                               'a :meta field: value and '
+                               'an host:port and HH:MM strings.')
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _docstring(source):
+        rst = GoogleDocstring(source, config=Config(), app=None, what='attribute', name='some_data', obj=0)
+        return str(rst)
+
+    def test_class_data_member(self):
+        source = 'data member description:\n\n- a: b'
+        actual = self._docstring(source).splitlines()
+        assert actual == ['data member description:', '', '- a: b']
+
+    def test_class_data_member_inline(self):
+        source = f'CustomType: {self.inline_google_docstring}'
+        actual = self._docstring(source).splitlines()
+        assert actual == [self.inline_google_docstring, '', ':type: CustomType']
+
+    def test_class_data_member_inline_no_type(self):
+        source = self.inline_google_docstring
+        actual = self._docstring(source).splitlines()
+        assert actual == [source]
+
+    def test_class_data_member_inline_ref_in_type(self):
+        source = f':class:`int`: {self.inline_google_docstring}'
+        actual = self._docstring(source).splitlines()
+        assert actual == [self.inline_google_docstring, '', ':type: :class:`int`']
+
+
+class TestGoogleDocstring:
+    docstrings = [(
+        """Single line summary""",
+        """Single line summary""",
+    ), (
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        Extended description
+
+        """,
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        Extended description
+        """,
+    ), (
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        Args:
+          arg1(str):Extended
+            description of arg1
+        """,
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        :Parameters: **arg1** (*str*) -- Extended
+                     description of arg1
+        """,
+    ), (
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        Args:
+          arg1(str):Extended
+            description of arg1
+          arg2 ( int ) : Extended
+            description of arg2
+
+        Keyword Args:
+          kwarg1(str):Extended
+            description of kwarg1
+          kwarg2 ( int ) : Extended
+            description of kwarg2""",
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        :Parameters: * **arg1** (*str*) -- Extended
+                       description of arg1
+                     * **arg2** (*int*) -- Extended
+                       description of arg2
+
+        :Keyword Arguments: * **kwarg1** (*str*) -- Extended
+                              description of kwarg1
+                            * **kwarg2** (*int*) -- Extended
+                              description of kwarg2
+        """,
+    ), (
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        Arguments:
+          arg1(str):Extended
+            description of arg1
+          arg2 ( int ) : Extended
+            description of arg2
+
+        Keyword Arguments:
+          kwarg1(str):Extended
+            description of kwarg1
+          kwarg2 ( int ) : Extended
+            description of kwarg2""",
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        :Parameters: * **arg1** (*str*) -- Extended
+                       description of arg1
+                     * **arg2** (*int*) -- Extended
+                       description of arg2
+
+        :Keyword Arguments: * **kwarg1** (*str*) -- Extended
+                              description of kwarg1
+                            * **kwarg2** (*int*) -- Extended
+                              description of kwarg2
+        """,
+    ), (
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        Return:
+          str:Extended
+          description of return value
+        """,
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        :returns: *str* -- Extended
+                  description of return value
+        """,
+    ), (
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        Returns:
+          str:Extended
+          description of return value
+        """,
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        :returns: *str* -- Extended
+                  description of return value
+        """,
+    ), (
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        Returns:
+          Extended
+          description of return value
+        """,
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        :returns: Extended
+                  description of return value
+        """,
+    ), (
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        Returns:
+          Extended
+        """,
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        :returns: Extended
+        """,
+    ), (
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        Args:
+          arg1(str):Extended
+            description of arg1
+          *args: Variable length argument list.
+          **kwargs: Arbitrary keyword arguments.
+        """,
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        :Parameters: * **arg1** (*str*) -- Extended
+                       description of arg1
+                     * **\\*args** -- Variable length argument list.
+                     * **\\*\\*kwargs** -- Arbitrary keyword arguments.
+        """,
+    ), (
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        Args:
+          arg1 (list(int)): Description
+          arg2 (list[int]): Description
+          arg3 (dict(str, int)): Description
+          arg4 (dict[str, int]): Description
+        """,
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        :Parameters: * **arg1** (*list(int)*) -- Description
+                     * **arg2** (*list[int]*) -- Description
+                     * **arg3** (*dict(str, int)*) -- Description
+                     * **arg4** (*dict[str, int]*) -- Description
+        """,
+    ), (
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        Receive:
+          arg1 (list(int)): Description
+          arg2 (list[int]): Description
+        """,
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        :Receives: * **arg1** (*list(int)*) -- Description
+                   * **arg2** (*list[int]*) -- Description
+        """,
+    ), (
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        Receives:
+          arg1 (list(int)): Description
+          arg2 (list[int]): Description
+        """,
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        :Receives: * **arg1** (*list(int)*) -- Description
+                   * **arg2** (*list[int]*) -- Description
+        """,
+    ), (
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        Yield:
+          str:Extended
+          description of yielded value
+        """,
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        :Yields: *str* -- Extended
+                 description of yielded value
+        """,
+    ), (
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        Yields:
+          Extended
+          description of yielded value
+        """,
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        :Yields: Extended
+                 description of yielded value
+        """,
+    ), (
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        Args:
+
+          arg1 (list of str): Extended
+              description of arg1.
+          arg2 (tuple of int): Extended
+              description of arg2.
+          arg3 (tuple of list of float): Extended
+              description of arg3.
+          arg4 (int, float, or list of bool): Extended
+              description of arg4.
+          arg5 (list of int, float, or bool): Extended
+              description of arg5.
+          arg6 (list of int or float): Extended
+              description of arg6.
+        """,
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        :Parameters: * **arg1** (*list of str*) -- Extended
+                       description of arg1.
+                     * **arg2** (*tuple of int*) -- Extended
+                       description of arg2.
+                     * **arg3** (*tuple of list of float*) -- Extended
+                       description of arg3.
+                     * **arg4** (*int, float, or list of bool*) -- Extended
+                       description of arg4.
+                     * **arg5** (*list of int, float, or bool*) -- Extended
+                       description of arg5.
+                     * **arg6** (*list of int or float*) -- Extended
+                       description of arg6.
+        """,
+    )]
+
+    def test_sphinx_admonitions(self):
+        admonition_map = {
+            'Attention': 'attention',
+            'Caution': 'caution',
+            'Danger': 'danger',
+            'Error': 'error',
+            'Hint': 'hint',
+            'Important': 'important',
+            'Note': 'note',
+            'Tip': 'tip',
+            'Todo': 'todo',
+            'Warning': 'warning',
+            'Warnings': 'warning',
+        }
+        config = Config()
+        for section, admonition in admonition_map.items():
+            # Multiline
+            actual = str(GoogleDocstring(f"{section}:\n"
+                                         "    this is the first line\n"
+                                         "\n"
+                                         "    and this is the second line\n",
+                                         config))
+            expect = (f".. {admonition}::\n"
+                      "\n"
+                      "   this is the first line\n"
+                      "   \n"
+                      "   and this is the second line\n"
+                      )
+            assert expect == actual
+
+            # Single line
+            actual = str(GoogleDocstring(f"{section}:\n"
+                                         "    this is a single line\n",
+                                         config))
+            expect = f".. {admonition}:: this is a single line\n"
+            assert expect == actual
+
+    def test_docstrings(self):
+        config = Config(
+            napoleon_use_param=False,
+            napoleon_use_rtype=False,
+            napoleon_use_keyword=False,
+        )
+        for docstring, expected in self.docstrings:
+            actual = str(GoogleDocstring(dedent(docstring), config))
+            expected = dedent(expected)
+            assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_parameters_with_class_reference(self):
+        docstring = """\
+Construct a new XBlock.
+
+This class should only be used by runtimes.
+
+Arguments:
+    runtime (:class:`~typing.Dict`\\[:class:`int`,:class:`str`\\]): Use it to
+        access the environment. It is available in XBlock code
+        as ``self.runtime``.
+
+    field_data (:class:`FieldData`): Interface used by the XBlock
+        fields to access their data from wherever it is persisted.
+
+    scope_ids (:class:`ScopeIds`): Identifiers needed to resolve scopes.
+
+"""
+
+        actual = str(GoogleDocstring(docstring))
+        expected = """\
+Construct a new XBlock.
+
+This class should only be used by runtimes.
+
+:param runtime: Use it to
+                access the environment. It is available in XBlock code
+                as ``self.runtime``.
+:type runtime: :class:`~typing.Dict`\\[:class:`int`,:class:`str`\\]
+:param field_data: Interface used by the XBlock
+                   fields to access their data from wherever it is persisted.
+:type field_data: :class:`FieldData`
+:param scope_ids: Identifiers needed to resolve scopes.
+:type scope_ids: :class:`ScopeIds`
+"""
+        assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_attributes_with_class_reference(self):
+        docstring = """\
+Attributes:
+    in_attr(:class:`numpy.ndarray`): super-dooper attribute
+"""
+
+        actual = str(GoogleDocstring(docstring))
+        expected = """\
+.. attribute:: in_attr
+
+   super-dooper attribute
+
+   :type: :class:`numpy.ndarray`
+"""
+        assert expected == actual
+
+        docstring = """\
+Attributes:
+    in_attr(numpy.ndarray): super-dooper attribute
+"""
+
+        actual = str(GoogleDocstring(docstring))
+        expected = """\
+.. attribute:: in_attr
+
+   super-dooper attribute
+
+   :type: numpy.ndarray
+"""
+
+    def test_attributes_with_use_ivar(self):
+        docstring = """\
+Attributes:
+    foo (int): blah blah
+    bar (str): blah blah
+"""
+
+        config = Config(napoleon_use_ivar=True)
+        actual = str(GoogleDocstring(docstring, config, obj=self.__class__))
+        expected = """\
+:ivar foo: blah blah
+:vartype foo: int
+:ivar bar: blah blah
+:vartype bar: str
+"""
+        assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_code_block_in_returns_section(self):
+        docstring = """
+Returns:
+    foobar: foo::
+
+        codecode
+        codecode
+"""
+        expected = """
+:returns:
+
+          foo::
+
+              codecode
+              codecode
+:rtype: foobar
+"""
+        actual = str(GoogleDocstring(docstring))
+        assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_colon_in_return_type(self):
+        docstring = """Example property.
+
+Returns:
+    :py:class:`~.module.submodule.SomeClass`: an example instance
+    if available, None if not available.
+"""
+        expected = """Example property.
+
+:returns: an example instance
+          if available, None if not available.
+:rtype: :py:class:`~.module.submodule.SomeClass`
+"""
+        actual = str(GoogleDocstring(docstring))
+        assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_xrefs_in_return_type(self):
+        docstring = """Example Function
+
+Returns:
+    :class:`numpy.ndarray`: A :math:`n \\times 2` array containing
+    a bunch of math items
+"""
+        expected = """Example Function
+
+:returns: A :math:`n \\times 2` array containing
+          a bunch of math items
+:rtype: :class:`numpy.ndarray`
+"""
+        actual = str(GoogleDocstring(docstring))
+        assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_raises_types(self):
+        docstrings = [("""
+Example Function
+
+Raises:
+    RuntimeError:
+        A setting wasn't specified, or was invalid.
+    ValueError:
+        Something something value error.
+    :py:class:`AttributeError`
+        errors for missing attributes.
+    ~InvalidDimensionsError
+        If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
+    `InvalidArgumentsError`
+        If the arguments are invalid.
+    :exc:`~ValueError`
+        If the arguments are wrong.
+
+""", """
+Example Function
+
+:raises RuntimeError: A setting wasn't specified, or was invalid.
+:raises ValueError: Something something value error.
+:raises AttributeError: errors for missing attributes.
+:raises ~InvalidDimensionsError: If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
+:raises InvalidArgumentsError: If the arguments are invalid.
+:raises ~ValueError: If the arguments are wrong.
+"""),
+                      ################################
+                      ("""
+Example Function
+
+Raises:
+    InvalidDimensionsError
+
+""", """
+Example Function
+
+:raises InvalidDimensionsError:
+"""),
+                      ################################
+                      ("""
+Example Function
+
+Raises:
+    Invalid Dimensions Error
+
+""", """
+Example Function
+
+:raises Invalid Dimensions Error:
+"""),
+                      ################################
+                      ("""
+Example Function
+
+Raises:
+    Invalid Dimensions Error: With description
+
+""", """
+Example Function
+
+:raises Invalid Dimensions Error: With description
+"""),
+                      ################################
+                      ("""
+Example Function
+
+Raises:
+    InvalidDimensionsError: If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
+
+""", """
+Example Function
+
+:raises InvalidDimensionsError: If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
+"""),
+                      ################################
+                      ("""
+Example Function
+
+Raises:
+    Invalid Dimensions Error: If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
+
+""", """
+Example Function
+
+:raises Invalid Dimensions Error: If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
+"""),
+                      ################################
+                      ("""
+Example Function
+
+Raises:
+    If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
+
+""", """
+Example Function
+
+:raises If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.:
+"""),
+                      ################################
+                      ("""
+Example Function
+
+Raises:
+    :class:`exc.InvalidDimensionsError`
+
+""", """
+Example Function
+
+:raises exc.InvalidDimensionsError:
+"""),
+                      ################################
+                      ("""
+Example Function
+
+Raises:
+    :class:`exc.InvalidDimensionsError`: If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
+
+""", """
+Example Function
+
+:raises exc.InvalidDimensionsError: If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
+"""),
+                      ################################
+                      ("""
+Example Function
+
+Raises:
+    :class:`exc.InvalidDimensionsError`: If the dimensions couldn't be parsed,
+       then a :class:`exc.InvalidDimensionsError` will be raised.
+
+""", """
+Example Function
+
+:raises exc.InvalidDimensionsError: If the dimensions couldn't be parsed,
+    then a :class:`exc.InvalidDimensionsError` will be raised.
+"""),
+                      ################################
+                      ("""
+Example Function
+
+Raises:
+    :class:`exc.InvalidDimensionsError`: If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
+    :class:`exc.InvalidArgumentsError`: If the arguments are invalid.
+
+""", """
+Example Function
+
+:raises exc.InvalidDimensionsError: If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
+:raises exc.InvalidArgumentsError: If the arguments are invalid.
+"""),
+                      ################################
+                      ("""
+Example Function
+
+Raises:
+    :class:`exc.InvalidDimensionsError`
+    :class:`exc.InvalidArgumentsError`
+
+""", """
+Example Function
+
+:raises exc.InvalidDimensionsError:
+:raises exc.InvalidArgumentsError:
+""")]
+        for docstring, expected in docstrings:
+            actual = str(GoogleDocstring(docstring))
+            assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_kwargs_in_arguments(self):
+        docstring = """Allows to create attributes binded to this device.
+
+Some other paragraph.
+
+Code sample for usage::
+
+  dev.bind(loopback=Loopback)
+  dev.loopback.configure()
+
+Arguments:
+  **kwargs: name/class pairs that will create resource-managers
+    bound as instance attributes to this instance. See code
+    example above.
+"""
+        expected = """Allows to create attributes binded to this device.
+
+Some other paragraph.
+
+Code sample for usage::
+
+  dev.bind(loopback=Loopback)
+  dev.loopback.configure()
+
+:param \\*\\*kwargs: name/class pairs that will create resource-managers
+                   bound as instance attributes to this instance. See code
+                   example above.
+"""
+        actual = str(GoogleDocstring(docstring))
+        assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_section_header_formatting(self):
+        docstrings = [("""
+Summary line
+
+Example:
+    Multiline reStructuredText
+    literal code block
+
+""", """
+Summary line
+
+.. rubric:: Example
+
+Multiline reStructuredText
+literal code block
+"""),
+                      ################################
+                      ("""
+Summary line
+
+Example::
+
+    Multiline reStructuredText
+    literal code block
+
+""", """
+Summary line
+
+Example::
+
+    Multiline reStructuredText
+    literal code block
+"""),
+                      ################################
+                      ("""
+Summary line
+
+:Example:
+
+    Multiline reStructuredText
+    literal code block
+
+""", """
+Summary line
+
+:Example:
+
+    Multiline reStructuredText
+    literal code block
+""")]
+        for docstring, expected in docstrings:
+            actual = str(GoogleDocstring(docstring))
+            assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_list_in_parameter_description(self):
+        docstring = """One line summary.
+
+Parameters:
+    no_list (int):
+    one_bullet_empty (int):
+        *
+    one_bullet_single_line (int):
+        - first line
+    one_bullet_two_lines (int):
+        +   first line
+            continued
+    two_bullets_single_line (int):
+        -  first line
+        -  second line
+    two_bullets_two_lines (int):
+        * first line
+          continued
+        * second line
+          continued
+    one_enumeration_single_line (int):
+        1.  first line
+    one_enumeration_two_lines (int):
+        1)   first line
+             continued
+    two_enumerations_one_line (int):
+        (iii) first line
+        (iv) second line
+    two_enumerations_two_lines (int):
+        a. first line
+           continued
+        b. second line
+           continued
+    one_definition_one_line (int):
+        item 1
+            first line
+    one_definition_two_lines (int):
+        item 1
+            first line
+            continued
+    two_definitions_one_line (int):
+        item 1
+            first line
+        item 2
+            second line
+    two_definitions_two_lines (int):
+        item 1
+            first line
+            continued
+        item 2
+            second line
+            continued
+    one_definition_blank_line (int):
+        item 1
+
+            first line
+
+            extra first line
+
+    two_definitions_blank_lines (int):
+        item 1
+
+            first line
+
+            extra first line
+
+        item 2
+
+            second line
+
+            extra second line
+
+    definition_after_inline_text (int): text line
+
+        item 1
+            first line
+
+    definition_after_normal_text (int):
+        text line
+
+        item 1
+            first line
+"""
+
+        expected = """One line summary.
+
+:param no_list:
+:type no_list: int
+:param one_bullet_empty:
+                         *
+:type one_bullet_empty: int
+:param one_bullet_single_line:
+                               - first line
+:type one_bullet_single_line: int
+:param one_bullet_two_lines:
+                             +   first line
+                                 continued
+:type one_bullet_two_lines: int
+:param two_bullets_single_line:
+                                -  first line
+                                -  second line
+:type two_bullets_single_line: int
+:param two_bullets_two_lines:
+                              * first line
+                                continued
+                              * second line
+                                continued
+:type two_bullets_two_lines: int
+:param one_enumeration_single_line:
+                                    1.  first line
+:type one_enumeration_single_line: int
+:param one_enumeration_two_lines:
+                                  1)   first line
+                                       continued
+:type one_enumeration_two_lines: int
+:param two_enumerations_one_line:
+                                  (iii) first line
+                                  (iv) second line
+:type two_enumerations_one_line: int
+:param two_enumerations_two_lines:
+                                   a. first line
+                                      continued
+                                   b. second line
+                                      continued
+:type two_enumerations_two_lines: int
+:param one_definition_one_line:
+                                item 1
+                                    first line
+:type one_definition_one_line: int
+:param one_definition_two_lines:
+                                 item 1
+                                     first line
+                                     continued
+:type one_definition_two_lines: int
+:param two_definitions_one_line:
+                                 item 1
+                                     first line
+                                 item 2
+                                     second line
+:type two_definitions_one_line: int
+:param two_definitions_two_lines:
+                                  item 1
+                                      first line
+                                      continued
+                                  item 2
+                                      second line
+                                      continued
+:type two_definitions_two_lines: int
+:param one_definition_blank_line:
+                                  item 1
+
+                                      first line
+
+                                      extra first line
+:type one_definition_blank_line: int
+:param two_definitions_blank_lines:
+                                    item 1
+
+                                        first line
+
+                                        extra first line
+
+                                    item 2
+
+                                        second line
+
+                                        extra second line
+:type two_definitions_blank_lines: int
+:param definition_after_inline_text: text line
+
+                                     item 1
+                                         first line
+:type definition_after_inline_text: int
+:param definition_after_normal_text: text line
+
+                                     item 1
+                                         first line
+:type definition_after_normal_text: int
+"""
+        config = Config(napoleon_use_param=True)
+        actual = str(GoogleDocstring(docstring, config))
+        assert expected == actual
+
+        expected = """One line summary.
+
+:Parameters: * **no_list** (*int*)
+             * **one_bullet_empty** (*int*) --
+
+               *
+             * **one_bullet_single_line** (*int*) --
+
+               - first line
+             * **one_bullet_two_lines** (*int*) --
+
+               +   first line
+                   continued
+             * **two_bullets_single_line** (*int*) --
+
+               -  first line
+               -  second line
+             * **two_bullets_two_lines** (*int*) --
+
+               * first line
+                 continued
+               * second line
+                 continued
+             * **one_enumeration_single_line** (*int*) --
+
+               1.  first line
+             * **one_enumeration_two_lines** (*int*) --
+
+               1)   first line
+                    continued
+             * **two_enumerations_one_line** (*int*) --
+
+               (iii) first line
+               (iv) second line
+             * **two_enumerations_two_lines** (*int*) --
+
+               a. first line
+                  continued
+               b. second line
+                  continued
+             * **one_definition_one_line** (*int*) --
+
+               item 1
+                   first line
+             * **one_definition_two_lines** (*int*) --
+
+               item 1
+                   first line
+                   continued
+             * **two_definitions_one_line** (*int*) --
+
+               item 1
+                   first line
+               item 2
+                   second line
+             * **two_definitions_two_lines** (*int*) --
+
+               item 1
+                   first line
+                   continued
+               item 2
+                   second line
+                   continued
+             * **one_definition_blank_line** (*int*) --
+
+               item 1
+
+                   first line
+
+                   extra first line
+             * **two_definitions_blank_lines** (*int*) --
+
+               item 1
+
+                   first line
+
+                   extra first line
+
+               item 2
+
+                   second line
+
+                   extra second line
+             * **definition_after_inline_text** (*int*) -- text line
+
+               item 1
+                   first line
+             * **definition_after_normal_text** (*int*) -- text line
+
+               item 1
+                   first line
+"""
+        config = Config(napoleon_use_param=False)
+        actual = str(GoogleDocstring(docstring, config))
+        assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_custom_generic_sections(self):
+
+        docstrings = (("""\
+Really Important Details:
+    You should listen to me!
+""", """.. rubric:: Really Important Details
+
+You should listen to me!
+"""),
+                      ("""\
+Sooper Warning:
+    Stop hitting yourself!
+""", """:Warns: **Stop hitting yourself!**
+"""),
+                      ("""\
+Params Style:
+    arg1 (int): Description of arg1
+    arg2 (str): Description of arg2
+
+""", """\
+:Params Style: * **arg1** (*int*) -- Description of arg1
+               * **arg2** (*str*) -- Description of arg2
+"""),
+                      ("""\
+Returns Style:
+    description of custom section
+
+""", """:Returns Style: description of custom section
+"""))
+
+        testConfig = Config(napoleon_custom_sections=['Really Important Details',
+                                                      ('Sooper Warning', 'warns'),
+                                                      ('Params Style', 'params_style'),
+                                                      ('Returns Style', 'returns_style')])
+
+        for docstring, expected in docstrings:
+            actual = str(GoogleDocstring(docstring, testConfig))
+            assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_noindex(self):
+        docstring = """
+Attributes:
+    arg
+        description
+
+Methods:
+    func(i, j)
+        description
+"""
+
+        expected = """
+.. attribute:: arg
+   :no-index:
+
+   description
+
+.. method:: func(i, j)
+   :no-index:
+
+   
+   description
+"""  # noqa: W293
+        config = Config()
+        actual = str(GoogleDocstring(docstring, config=config, app=None, what='module',
+                                     options={'no-index': True}))
+        assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_keywords_with_types(self):
+        docstring = """\
+Do as you please
+
+Keyword Args:
+    gotham_is_yours (None): shall interfere.
+"""
+        actual = str(GoogleDocstring(docstring))
+        expected = """\
+Do as you please
+
+:keyword gotham_is_yours: shall interfere.
+:kwtype gotham_is_yours: None
+"""
+        assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_pep526_annotations(self):
+        # Test class attributes annotations
+        config = Config(
+            napoleon_attr_annotations=True,
+        )
+        actual = str(GoogleDocstring(cleandoc(PEP526GoogleClass.__doc__), config, app=None, what="class",
+                                     obj=PEP526GoogleClass))
+        expected = """\
+Sample class with PEP 526 annotations and google docstring
+
+.. attribute:: attr1
+
+   Attr1 description.
+
+   :type: int
+
+.. attribute:: attr2
+
+   Attr2 description.
+
+   :type: str
+"""
+        assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_preprocess_types(self):
+        docstring = """\
+Do as you please
+
+Yield:
+   str:Extended
+"""
+        actual = str(GoogleDocstring(docstring))
+        expected = """\
+Do as you please
+
+:Yields: *str* -- Extended
+"""
+        assert expected == actual
+
+        config = Config(napoleon_preprocess_types=True)
+        actual = str(GoogleDocstring(docstring, config))
+        expected = """\
+Do as you please
+
+:Yields: :py:class:`str` -- Extended
+"""
+        assert expected == actual
+
+
+class TestNumpyDocstring:
+    docstrings = [(
+        """Single line summary""",
+        """Single line summary""",
+    ), (
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        Extended description
+
+        """,
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        Extended description
+        """,
+    ), (
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        arg1:str
+            Extended
+            description of arg1
+        """,
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        :Parameters: **arg1** (:class:`str`) -- Extended
+                     description of arg1
+        """,
+    ), (
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        arg1:str
+            Extended
+            description of arg1
+        arg2 : int
+            Extended
+            description of arg2
+
+        Keyword Arguments
+        -----------------
+          kwarg1:str
+              Extended
+              description of kwarg1
+          kwarg2 : int
+              Extended
+              description of kwarg2
+        """,
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        :Parameters: * **arg1** (:class:`str`) -- Extended
+                       description of arg1
+                     * **arg2** (:class:`int`) -- Extended
+                       description of arg2
+
+        :Keyword Arguments: * **kwarg1** (:class:`str`) -- Extended
+                              description of kwarg1
+                            * **kwarg2** (:class:`int`) -- Extended
+                              description of kwarg2
+        """,
+    ), (
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        Return
+        ------
+        str
+            Extended
+            description of return value
+        """,
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        :returns: :class:`str` -- Extended
+                  description of return value
+        """,
+    ), (
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        str
+            Extended
+            description of return value
+        """,
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        :returns: :class:`str` -- Extended
+                  description of return value
+        """,
+    ), (
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        arg1:str
+             Extended description of arg1
+        *args:
+            Variable length argument list.
+        **kwargs:
+            Arbitrary keyword arguments.
+        """,
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        :Parameters: * **arg1** (:class:`str`) -- Extended description of arg1
+                     * **\\*args** -- Variable length argument list.
+                     * **\\*\\*kwargs** -- Arbitrary keyword arguments.
+        """,
+    ), (
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        arg1:str
+             Extended description of arg1
+        *args, **kwargs:
+            Variable length argument list and arbitrary keyword arguments.
+        """,
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        :Parameters: * **arg1** (:class:`str`) -- Extended description of arg1
+                     * **\\*args, \\*\\*kwargs** -- Variable length argument list and arbitrary keyword arguments.
+        """,
+    ), (
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        Receive
+        -------
+        arg1:str
+            Extended
+            description of arg1
+        arg2 : int
+            Extended
+            description of arg2
+        """,
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        :Receives: * **arg1** (:class:`str`) -- Extended
+                     description of arg1
+                   * **arg2** (:class:`int`) -- Extended
+                     description of arg2
+        """,
+    ), (
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        Receives
+        --------
+        arg1:str
+            Extended
+            description of arg1
+        arg2 : int
+            Extended
+            description of arg2
+        """,
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        :Receives: * **arg1** (:class:`str`) -- Extended
+                     description of arg1
+                   * **arg2** (:class:`int`) -- Extended
+                     description of arg2
+        """,
+    ), (
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        Yield
+        -----
+        str
+            Extended
+            description of yielded value
+        """,
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        :Yields: :class:`str` -- Extended
+                 description of yielded value
+        """,
+    ), (
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        Yields
+        ------
+        str
+            Extended
+            description of yielded value
+        """,
+        """
+        Single line summary
+
+        :Yields: :class:`str` -- Extended
+                 description of yielded value
+        """,
+    )]
+
+    def test_sphinx_admonitions(self):
+        admonition_map = {
+            'Attention': 'attention',
+            'Caution': 'caution',
+            'Danger': 'danger',
+            'Error': 'error',
+            'Hint': 'hint',
+            'Important': 'important',
+            'Note': 'note',
+            'Tip': 'tip',
+            'Todo': 'todo',
+            'Warning': 'warning',
+            'Warnings': 'warning',
+        }
+        config = Config()
+        for section, admonition in admonition_map.items():
+            # Multiline
+            actual = str(NumpyDocstring(f"{section}\n"
+                                        f"{'-' * len(section)}\n"
+                                        "    this is the first line\n"
+                                        "\n"
+                                        "    and this is the second line\n",
+                                        config))
+            expect = (f".. {admonition}::\n"
+                      "\n"
+                      "   this is the first line\n"
+                      "   \n"
+                      "   and this is the second line\n"
+                      )
+            assert expect == actual
+
+            # Single line
+            actual = str(NumpyDocstring(f"{section}\n"
+                                        f"{'-' * len(section)}\n"
+                                        f"    this is a single line\n",
+                                        config))
+            expect = f".. {admonition}:: this is a single line\n"
+            assert expect == actual
+
+    def test_docstrings(self):
+        config = Config(
+            napoleon_use_param=False,
+            napoleon_use_rtype=False,
+            napoleon_use_keyword=False,
+            napoleon_preprocess_types=True)
+        for docstring, expected in self.docstrings:
+            actual = str(NumpyDocstring(dedent(docstring), config))
+            expected = dedent(expected)
+            assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_type_preprocessor(self):
+        docstring = dedent("""
+        Single line summary
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        arg1:str
+            Extended
+            description of arg1
+        """)
+
+        config = Config(napoleon_preprocess_types=False, napoleon_use_param=False)
+        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(docstring, config))
+        expected = dedent("""
+        Single line summary
+
+        :Parameters: **arg1** (*str*) -- Extended
+                     description of arg1
+        """)
+        assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_parameters_with_class_reference(self):
+        docstring = """\
+Parameters
+----------
+param1 : :class:`MyClass <name.space.MyClass>` instance
+
+Other Parameters
+----------------
+param2 : :class:`MyClass <name.space.MyClass>` instance
+
+"""
+
+        config = Config(napoleon_use_param=False)
+        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(docstring, config))
+        expected = """\
+:Parameters: **param1** (:class:`MyClass <name.space.MyClass>` instance)
+
+:Other Parameters: **param2** (:class:`MyClass <name.space.MyClass>` instance)
+"""
+        assert expected == actual
+
+        config = Config(napoleon_use_param=True)
+        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(docstring, config))
+        expected = """\
+:param param1:
+:type param1: :class:`MyClass <name.space.MyClass>` instance
+
+:param param2:
+:type param2: :class:`MyClass <name.space.MyClass>` instance
+"""
+        assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_multiple_parameters(self):
+        docstring = """\
+Parameters
+----------
+x1, x2 : array_like
+    Input arrays, description of ``x1``, ``x2``.
+
+"""
+
+        config = Config(napoleon_use_param=False)
+        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(docstring, config))
+        expected = """\
+:Parameters: **x1, x2** (*array_like*) -- Input arrays, description of ``x1``, ``x2``.
+"""
+        assert expected == actual
+
+        config = Config(napoleon_use_param=True)
+        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(dedent(docstring), config))
+        expected = """\
+:param x1: Input arrays, description of ``x1``, ``x2``.
+:type x1: array_like
+:param x2: Input arrays, description of ``x1``, ``x2``.
+:type x2: array_like
+"""
+        assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_parameters_without_class_reference(self):
+        docstring = """\
+Parameters
+----------
+param1 : MyClass instance
+
+"""
+
+        config = Config(napoleon_use_param=False)
+        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(docstring, config))
+        expected = """\
+:Parameters: **param1** (*MyClass instance*)
+"""
+        assert expected == actual
+
+        config = Config(napoleon_use_param=True)
+        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(dedent(docstring), config))
+        expected = """\
+:param param1:
+:type param1: MyClass instance
+"""
+        assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_see_also_refs(self):
+        docstring = """\
+numpy.multivariate_normal(mean, cov, shape=None, spam=None)
+
+See Also
+--------
+some, other, funcs
+otherfunc : relationship
+
+"""
+
+        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(docstring))
+
+        expected = """\
+numpy.multivariate_normal(mean, cov, shape=None, spam=None)
+
+.. seealso::
+
+   :obj:`some`, :obj:`other`, :obj:`funcs`
+   \n\
+   :obj:`otherfunc`
+       relationship
+"""
+        assert expected == actual
+
+        docstring = """\
+numpy.multivariate_normal(mean, cov, shape=None, spam=None)
+
+See Also
+--------
+some, other, funcs
+otherfunc : relationship
+
+"""
+
+        config = Config()
+        app = mock.Mock()
+        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(docstring, config, app, "method"))
+
+        expected = """\
+numpy.multivariate_normal(mean, cov, shape=None, spam=None)
+
+.. seealso::
+
+   :obj:`some`, :obj:`other`, :obj:`funcs`
+   \n\
+   :obj:`otherfunc`
+       relationship
+"""
+        assert expected == actual
+
+        docstring = """\
+numpy.multivariate_normal(mean, cov, shape=None, spam=None)
+
+See Also
+--------
+some, other, :func:`funcs`
+otherfunc : relationship
+
+"""
+        translations = {
+            "other": "MyClass.other",
+            "otherfunc": ":func:`~my_package.otherfunc`",
+        }
+        config = Config(napoleon_type_aliases=translations)
+        app = mock.Mock()
+        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(docstring, config, app, "method"))
+
+        expected = """\
+numpy.multivariate_normal(mean, cov, shape=None, spam=None)
+
+.. seealso::
+
+   :obj:`some`, :obj:`MyClass.other`, :func:`funcs`
+   \n\
+   :func:`~my_package.otherfunc`
+       relationship
+"""
+        assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_colon_in_return_type(self):
+        docstring = """
+Summary
+
+Returns
+-------
+:py:class:`~my_mod.my_class`
+    an instance of :py:class:`~my_mod.my_class`
+"""
+
+        expected = """
+Summary
+
+:returns: an instance of :py:class:`~my_mod.my_class`
+:rtype: :py:class:`~my_mod.my_class`
+"""
+
+        config = Config()
+        app = mock.Mock()
+        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(docstring, config, app, "method"))
+
+        assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_underscore_in_attribute(self):
+        docstring = """
+Attributes
+----------
+
+arg_ : type
+    some description
+"""
+
+        expected = """
+:ivar arg_: some description
+:vartype arg_: type
+"""
+
+        config = Config(napoleon_use_ivar=True)
+        app = mock.Mock()
+        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(docstring, config, app, "class"))
+
+        assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_underscore_in_attribute_strip_signature_backslash(self):
+        docstring = """
+Attributes
+----------
+
+arg_ : type
+    some description
+"""
+
+        expected = """
+:ivar arg\\_: some description
+:vartype arg\\_: type
+"""
+
+        config = Config(napoleon_use_ivar=True)
+        config.strip_signature_backslash = True
+        app = mock.Mock()
+        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(docstring, config, app, "class"))
+
+        assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_return_types(self):
+        docstring = dedent("""
+            Returns
+            -------
+            DataFrame
+                a dataframe
+        """)
+        expected = dedent("""
+           :returns: a dataframe
+           :rtype: :class:`~pandas.DataFrame`
+        """)
+        translations = {
+            "DataFrame": "~pandas.DataFrame",
+        }
+        config = Config(
+            napoleon_use_param=True,
+            napoleon_use_rtype=True,
+            napoleon_preprocess_types=True,
+            napoleon_type_aliases=translations,
+        )
+        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(docstring, config))
+        assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_yield_types(self):
+        docstring = dedent("""
+            Example Function
+
+            Yields
+            ------
+            scalar or array-like
+                The result of the computation
+        """)
+        expected = dedent("""
+            Example Function
+
+            :Yields: :term:`scalar` or :class:`array-like <numpy.ndarray>` -- The result of the computation
+        """)
+        translations = {
+            "scalar": ":term:`scalar`",
+            "array-like": ":class:`array-like <numpy.ndarray>`",
+        }
+        config = Config(napoleon_type_aliases=translations, napoleon_preprocess_types=True)
+        app = mock.Mock()
+        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(docstring, config, app, "method"))
+        assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_raises_types(self):
+        docstrings = [("""
+Example Function
+
+Raises
+------
+  RuntimeError
+
+      A setting wasn't specified, or was invalid.
+  ValueError
+
+      Something something value error.
+
+""", """
+Example Function
+
+:raises RuntimeError: A setting wasn't specified, or was invalid.
+:raises ValueError: Something something value error.
+"""),
+                      ################################
+                      ("""
+Example Function
+
+Raises
+------
+InvalidDimensionsError
+
+""", """
+Example Function
+
+:raises InvalidDimensionsError:
+"""),
+                      ################################
+                      ("""
+Example Function
+
+Raises
+------
+Invalid Dimensions Error
+
+""", """
+Example Function
+
+:raises Invalid Dimensions Error:
+"""),
+                      ################################
+                      ("""
+Example Function
+
+Raises
+------
+Invalid Dimensions Error
+    With description
+
+""", """
+Example Function
+
+:raises Invalid Dimensions Error: With description
+"""),
+                      ################################
+                      ("""
+Example Function
+
+Raises
+------
+InvalidDimensionsError
+    If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
+
+""", """
+Example Function
+
+:raises InvalidDimensionsError: If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
+"""),
+                      ################################
+                      ("""
+Example Function
+
+Raises
+------
+Invalid Dimensions Error
+    If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
+
+""", """
+Example Function
+
+:raises Invalid Dimensions Error: If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
+"""),
+                      ################################
+                      ("""
+Example Function
+
+Raises
+------
+If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
+
+""", """
+Example Function
+
+:raises If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.:
+"""),
+                      ################################
+                      ("""
+Example Function
+
+Raises
+------
+:class:`exc.InvalidDimensionsError`
+
+""", """
+Example Function
+
+:raises exc.InvalidDimensionsError:
+"""),
+                      ################################
+                      ("""
+Example Function
+
+Raises
+------
+:class:`exc.InvalidDimensionsError`
+    If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
+
+""", """
+Example Function
+
+:raises exc.InvalidDimensionsError: If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
+"""),
+                      ################################
+                      ("""
+Example Function
+
+Raises
+------
+:class:`exc.InvalidDimensionsError`
+    If the dimensions couldn't be parsed,
+    then a :class:`exc.InvalidDimensionsError` will be raised.
+
+""", """
+Example Function
+
+:raises exc.InvalidDimensionsError: If the dimensions couldn't be parsed,
+    then a :class:`exc.InvalidDimensionsError` will be raised.
+"""),
+                      ################################
+                      ("""
+Example Function
+
+Raises
+------
+:class:`exc.InvalidDimensionsError`
+    If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
+:class:`exc.InvalidArgumentsError`
+    If the arguments are invalid.
+
+""", """
+Example Function
+
+:raises exc.InvalidDimensionsError: If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
+:raises exc.InvalidArgumentsError: If the arguments are invalid.
+"""),
+                      ################################
+                      ("""
+Example Function
+
+Raises
+------
+CustomError
+    If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
+
+""", """
+Example Function
+
+:raises package.CustomError: If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
+"""),
+                      ################################
+                      ("""
+Example Function
+
+Raises
+------
+AnotherError
+    If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
+
+""", """
+Example Function
+
+:raises ~package.AnotherError: If the dimensions couldn't be parsed.
+"""),
+                      ################################
+                      ("""
+Example Function
+
+Raises
+------
+:class:`exc.InvalidDimensionsError`
+:class:`exc.InvalidArgumentsError`
+
+""", """
+Example Function
+
+:raises exc.InvalidDimensionsError:
+:raises exc.InvalidArgumentsError:
+""")]
+        for docstring, expected in docstrings:
+            translations = {
+                "CustomError": "package.CustomError",
+                "AnotherError": ":py:exc:`~package.AnotherError`",
+            }
+            config = Config(napoleon_type_aliases=translations, napoleon_preprocess_types=True)
+            app = mock.Mock()
+            actual = str(NumpyDocstring(docstring, config, app, "method"))
+            assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_xrefs_in_return_type(self):
+        docstring = """
+Example Function
+
+Returns
+-------
+:class:`numpy.ndarray`
+    A :math:`n \\times 2` array containing
+    a bunch of math items
+"""
+        expected = """
+Example Function
+
+:returns: A :math:`n \\times 2` array containing
+          a bunch of math items
+:rtype: :class:`numpy.ndarray`
+"""
+        config = Config()
+        app = mock.Mock()
+        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(docstring, config, app, "method"))
+        assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_section_header_underline_length(self):
+        docstrings = [("""
+Summary line
+
+Example
+-
+Multiline example
+body
+
+""", """
+Summary line
+
+Example
+-
+Multiline example
+body
+"""),
+                      ################################
+                      ("""
+Summary line
+
+Example
+--
+Multiline example
+body
+
+""", """
+Summary line
+
+.. rubric:: Example
+
+Multiline example
+body
+"""),
+                      ################################
+                      ("""
+Summary line
+
+Example
+-------
+Multiline example
+body
+
+""", """
+Summary line
+
+.. rubric:: Example
+
+Multiline example
+body
+"""),
+                      ################################
+                      ("""
+Summary line
+
+Example
+------------
+Multiline example
+body
+
+""", """
+Summary line
+
+.. rubric:: Example
+
+Multiline example
+body
+""")]
+        for docstring, expected in docstrings:
+            actual = str(NumpyDocstring(docstring))
+            assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_list_in_parameter_description(self):
+        docstring = """One line summary.
+
+Parameters
+----------
+no_list : int
+one_bullet_empty : int
+    *
+one_bullet_single_line : int
+    - first line
+one_bullet_two_lines : int
+    +   first line
+        continued
+two_bullets_single_line : int
+    -  first line
+    -  second line
+two_bullets_two_lines : int
+    * first line
+      continued
+    * second line
+      continued
+one_enumeration_single_line : int
+    1.  first line
+one_enumeration_two_lines : int
+    1)   first line
+         continued
+two_enumerations_one_line : int
+    (iii) first line
+    (iv) second line
+two_enumerations_two_lines : int
+    a. first line
+       continued
+    b. second line
+       continued
+one_definition_one_line : int
+    item 1
+        first line
+one_definition_two_lines : int
+    item 1
+        first line
+        continued
+two_definitions_one_line : int
+    item 1
+        first line
+    item 2
+        second line
+two_definitions_two_lines : int
+    item 1
+        first line
+        continued
+    item 2
+        second line
+        continued
+one_definition_blank_line : int
+    item 1
+
+        first line
+
+        extra first line
+
+two_definitions_blank_lines : int
+    item 1
+
+        first line
+
+        extra first line
+
+    item 2
+
+        second line
+
+        extra second line
+
+definition_after_normal_text : int
+    text line
+
+    item 1
+        first line
+"""
+
+        expected = """One line summary.
+
+:param no_list:
+:type no_list: int
+:param one_bullet_empty:
+                         *
+:type one_bullet_empty: int
+:param one_bullet_single_line:
+                               - first line
+:type one_bullet_single_line: int
+:param one_bullet_two_lines:
+                             +   first line
+                                 continued
+:type one_bullet_two_lines: int
+:param two_bullets_single_line:
+                                -  first line
+                                -  second line
+:type two_bullets_single_line: int
+:param two_bullets_two_lines:
+                              * first line
+                                continued
+                              * second line
+                                continued
+:type two_bullets_two_lines: int
+:param one_enumeration_single_line:
+                                    1.  first line
+:type one_enumeration_single_line: int
+:param one_enumeration_two_lines:
+                                  1)   first line
+                                       continued
+:type one_enumeration_two_lines: int
+:param two_enumerations_one_line:
+                                  (iii) first line
+                                  (iv) second line
+:type two_enumerations_one_line: int
+:param two_enumerations_two_lines:
+                                   a. first line
+                                      continued
+                                   b. second line
+                                      continued
+:type two_enumerations_two_lines: int
+:param one_definition_one_line:
+                                item 1
+                                    first line
+:type one_definition_one_line: int
+:param one_definition_two_lines:
+                                 item 1
+                                     first line
+                                     continued
+:type one_definition_two_lines: int
+:param two_definitions_one_line:
+                                 item 1
+                                     first line
+                                 item 2
+                                     second line
+:type two_definitions_one_line: int
+:param two_definitions_two_lines:
+                                  item 1
+                                      first line
+                                      continued
+                                  item 2
+                                      second line
+                                      continued
+:type two_definitions_two_lines: int
+:param one_definition_blank_line:
+                                  item 1
+
+                                      first line
+
+                                      extra first line
+:type one_definition_blank_line: int
+:param two_definitions_blank_lines:
+                                    item 1
+
+                                        first line
+
+                                        extra first line
+
+                                    item 2
+
+                                        second line
+
+                                        extra second line
+:type two_definitions_blank_lines: int
+:param definition_after_normal_text: text line
+
+                                     item 1
+                                         first line
+:type definition_after_normal_text: int
+"""
+        config = Config(napoleon_use_param=True)
+        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(docstring, config))
+        assert expected == actual
+
+        expected = """One line summary.
+
+:Parameters: * **no_list** (:class:`int`)
+             * **one_bullet_empty** (:class:`int`) --
+
+               *
+             * **one_bullet_single_line** (:class:`int`) --
+
+               - first line
+             * **one_bullet_two_lines** (:class:`int`) --
+
+               +   first line
+                   continued
+             * **two_bullets_single_line** (:class:`int`) --
+
+               -  first line
+               -  second line
+             * **two_bullets_two_lines** (:class:`int`) --
+
+               * first line
+                 continued
+               * second line
+                 continued
+             * **one_enumeration_single_line** (:class:`int`) --
+
+               1.  first line
+             * **one_enumeration_two_lines** (:class:`int`) --
+
+               1)   first line
+                    continued
+             * **two_enumerations_one_line** (:class:`int`) --
+
+               (iii) first line
+               (iv) second line
+             * **two_enumerations_two_lines** (:class:`int`) --
+
+               a. first line
+                  continued
+               b. second line
+                  continued
+             * **one_definition_one_line** (:class:`int`) --
+
+               item 1
+                   first line
+             * **one_definition_two_lines** (:class:`int`) --
+
+               item 1
+                   first line
+                   continued
+             * **two_definitions_one_line** (:class:`int`) --
+
+               item 1
+                   first line
+               item 2
+                   second line
+             * **two_definitions_two_lines** (:class:`int`) --
+
+               item 1
+                   first line
+                   continued
+               item 2
+                   second line
+                   continued
+             * **one_definition_blank_line** (:class:`int`) --
+
+               item 1
+
+                   first line
+
+                   extra first line
+             * **two_definitions_blank_lines** (:class:`int`) --
+
+               item 1
+
+                   first line
+
+                   extra first line
+
+               item 2
+
+                   second line
+
+                   extra second line
+             * **definition_after_normal_text** (:class:`int`) -- text line
+
+               item 1
+                   first line
+"""
+        config = Config(napoleon_use_param=False, napoleon_preprocess_types=True)
+        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(docstring, config))
+        assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_token_type(self):
+        tokens = (
+            ("1", "literal"),
+            ("-4.6", "literal"),
+            ("2j", "literal"),
+            ("'string'", "literal"),
+            ('"another_string"', "literal"),
+            ("{1, 2}", "literal"),
+            ("{'va{ue', 'set'}", "literal"),
+            ("optional", "control"),
+            ("default", "control"),
+            (", ", "delimiter"),
+            (" of ", "delimiter"),
+            (" or ", "delimiter"),
+            (": ", "delimiter"),
+            ("True", "obj"),
+            ("None", "obj"),
+            ("name", "obj"),
+            (":py:class:`Enum`", "reference"),
+        )
+
+        for token, expected in tokens:
+            actual = _token_type(token)
+            assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_tokenize_type_spec(self):
+        specs = (
+            "str",
+            "defaultdict",
+            "int, float, or complex",
+            "int or float or None, optional",
+            "list of list of int or float, optional",
+            "tuple of list of str, float, or int",
+            '{"F", "C", "N"}',
+            "{'F', 'C', 'N'}, default: 'F'",
+            "{'F', 'C', 'N or C'}, default 'F'",
+            "str, default: 'F or C'",
+            "int, default: None",
+            "int, default None",
+            "int, default :obj:`None`",
+            '"ma{icious"',
+            r"'with \'quotes\''",
+        )
+
+        tokens = (
+            ["str"],
+            ["defaultdict"],
+            ["int", ", ", "float", ", or ", "complex"],
+            ["int", " or ", "float", " or ", "None", ", ", "optional"],
+            ["list", " of ", "list", " of ", "int", " or ", "float", ", ", "optional"],
+            ["tuple", " of ", "list", " of ", "str", ", ", "float", ", or ", "int"],
+            ["{", '"F"', ", ", '"C"', ", ", '"N"', "}"],
+            ["{", "'F'", ", ", "'C'", ", ", "'N'", "}", ", ", "default", ": ", "'F'"],
+            ["{", "'F'", ", ", "'C'", ", ", "'N or C'", "}", ", ", "default", " ", "'F'"],
+            ["str", ", ", "default", ": ", "'F or C'"],
+            ["int", ", ", "default", ": ", "None"],
+            ["int", ", ", "default", " ", "None"],
+            ["int", ", ", "default", " ", ":obj:`None`"],
+            ['"ma{icious"'],
+            [r"'with \'quotes\''"],
+        )
+
+        for spec, expected in zip(specs, tokens):
+            actual = _tokenize_type_spec(spec)
+            assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_recombine_set_tokens(self):
+        tokens = (
+            ["{", "1", ", ", "2", "}"],
+            ["{", '"F"', ", ", '"C"', ", ", '"N"', "}", ", ", "optional"],
+            ["{", "'F'", ", ", "'C'", ", ", "'N'", "}", ", ", "default", ": ", "None"],
+            ["{", "'F'", ", ", "'C'", ", ", "'N'", "}", ", ", "default", " ", "None"],
+        )
+
+        combined_tokens = (
+            ["{1, 2}"],
+            ['{"F", "C", "N"}', ", ", "optional"],
+            ["{'F', 'C', 'N'}", ", ", "default", ": ", "None"],
+            ["{'F', 'C', 'N'}", ", ", "default", " ", "None"],
+        )
+
+        for tokens_, expected in zip(tokens, combined_tokens):
+            actual = _recombine_set_tokens(tokens_)
+            assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_recombine_set_tokens_invalid(self):
+        tokens = (
+            ["{", "1", ", ", "2"],
+            ['"F"', ", ", '"C"', ", ", '"N"', "}", ", ", "optional"],
+            ["{", "1", ", ", "2", ", ", "default", ": ", "None"],
+        )
+        combined_tokens = (
+            ["{1, 2"],
+            ['"F"', ", ", '"C"', ", ", '"N"', "}", ", ", "optional"],
+            ["{1, 2", ", ", "default", ": ", "None"],
+        )
+
+        for tokens_, expected in zip(tokens, combined_tokens):
+            actual = _recombine_set_tokens(tokens_)
+            assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_convert_numpy_type_spec(self):
+        translations = {
+            "DataFrame": "pandas.DataFrame",
+        }
+
+        specs = (
+            "",
+            "optional",
+            "str, optional",
+            "int or float or None, default: None",
+            "list of tuple of str, optional",
+            "int, default None",
+            '{"F", "C", "N"}',
+            "{'F', 'C', 'N'}, default: 'N'",
+            "{'F', 'C', 'N'}, default 'N'",
+            "DataFrame, optional",
+        )
+
+        converted = (
+            "",
+            "*optional*",
+            ":class:`str`, *optional*",
+            ":class:`int` or :class:`float` or :obj:`None`, *default*: :obj:`None`",
+            ":class:`list` of :class:`tuple` of :class:`str`, *optional*",
+            ":class:`int`, *default* :obj:`None`",
+            '``{"F", "C", "N"}``',
+            "``{'F', 'C', 'N'}``, *default*: ``'N'``",
+            "``{'F', 'C', 'N'}``, *default* ``'N'``",
+            ":class:`pandas.DataFrame`, *optional*",
+        )
+
+        for spec, expected in zip(specs, converted):
+            actual = _convert_numpy_type_spec(spec, translations=translations)
+            assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_parameter_types(self):
+        docstring = dedent("""\
+            Parameters
+            ----------
+            param1 : DataFrame
+                the data to work on
+            param2 : int or float or None, optional
+                a parameter with different types
+            param3 : dict-like, optional
+                a optional mapping
+            param4 : int or float or None, optional
+                a optional parameter with different types
+            param5 : {"F", "C", "N"}, optional
+                a optional parameter with fixed values
+            param6 : int, default None
+                different default format
+            param7 : mapping of hashable to str, optional
+                a optional mapping
+            param8 : ... or Ellipsis
+                ellipsis
+            param9 : tuple of list of int
+                a parameter with tuple of list of int
+        """)
+        expected = dedent("""\
+            :param param1: the data to work on
+            :type param1: :class:`DataFrame`
+            :param param2: a parameter with different types
+            :type param2: :class:`int` or :class:`float` or :obj:`None`, *optional*
+            :param param3: a optional mapping
+            :type param3: :term:`dict-like <mapping>`, *optional*
+            :param param4: a optional parameter with different types
+            :type param4: :class:`int` or :class:`float` or :obj:`None`, *optional*
+            :param param5: a optional parameter with fixed values
+            :type param5: ``{"F", "C", "N"}``, *optional*
+            :param param6: different default format
+            :type param6: :class:`int`, *default* :obj:`None`
+            :param param7: a optional mapping
+            :type param7: :term:`mapping` of :term:`hashable` to :class:`str`, *optional*
+            :param param8: ellipsis
+            :type param8: :obj:`... <Ellipsis>` or :obj:`Ellipsis`
+            :param param9: a parameter with tuple of list of int
+            :type param9: :class:`tuple` of :class:`list` of :class:`int`
+        """)
+        translations = {
+            "dict-like": ":term:`dict-like <mapping>`",
+            "mapping": ":term:`mapping`",
+            "hashable": ":term:`hashable`",
+        }
+        config = Config(
+            napoleon_use_param=True,
+            napoleon_use_rtype=True,
+            napoleon_preprocess_types=True,
+            napoleon_type_aliases=translations,
+        )
+        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(docstring, config))
+        assert expected == actual
+
+    def test_token_type_invalid(self, warning):
+        tokens = (
+            "{1, 2",
+            "}",
+            "'abc",
+            "def'",
+            '"ghi',
+            'jkl"',
+        )
+        errors = (
+            r".+: invalid value set \(missing closing brace\):",
+            r".+: invalid value set \(missing opening brace\):",
+            r".+: malformed string literal \(missing closing quote\):",
+            r".+: malformed string literal \(missing opening quote\):",
+            r".+: malformed string literal \(missing closing quote\):",
+            r".+: malformed string literal \(missing opening quote\):",
+        )
+        for token, error in zip(tokens, errors):
+            try:
+                _token_type(token)
+            finally:
+                raw_warnings = warning.getvalue()
+                warnings = [w for w in raw_warnings.split("\n") if w.strip()]
+
+                assert len(warnings) == 1
+                assert re.compile(error).match(warnings[0])
+                warning.truncate(0)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        ("name", "expected"),
+        [
+            ("x, y, z", "x, y, z"),
+            ("*args, **kwargs", r"\*args, \*\*kwargs"),
+            ("*x, **y", r"\*x, \*\*y"),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_escape_args_and_kwargs(self, name, expected):
+        numpy_docstring = NumpyDocstring("")
+        actual = numpy_docstring._escape_args_and_kwargs(name)
+
+        assert actual == expected
+
+    def test_pep526_annotations(self):
+        # test class attributes annotations
+        config = Config(
+            napoleon_attr_annotations=True,
+        )
+        actual = str(NumpyDocstring(cleandoc(PEP526NumpyClass.__doc__), config, app=None, what="class",
+                                    obj=PEP526NumpyClass))
+        expected = """\
+Sample class with PEP 526 annotations and numpy docstring
+
+.. attribute:: attr1
+
+   Attr1 description
+
+   :type: int
+
+.. attribute:: attr2
+
+   Attr2 description
+
+   :type: str
+"""
+        print(actual)
+        assert expected == actual
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text', testroot='ext-napoleon',
+                    confoverrides={'autodoc_typehints': 'description',
+                                   'autodoc_typehints_description_target': 'all'})
+def test_napoleon_and_autodoc_typehints_description_all(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'typehints.txt').read_text(encoding='utf-8')
+    assert content == (
+        'typehints\n'
+        '*********\n'
+        '\n'
+        'mypackage.typehints.hello(x, *args, **kwargs)\n'
+        '\n'
+        '   Parameters:\n'
+        '      * **x** (*int*) -- X\n'
+        '\n'
+        '      * ***args** (*int*) -- Additional arguments.\n'
+        '\n'
+        '      * ****kwargs** (*int*) -- Extra arguments.\n'
+        '\n'
+        '   Return type:\n'
+        '      None\n'
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text', testroot='ext-napoleon',
+                    confoverrides={'autodoc_typehints': 'description',
+                                   'autodoc_typehints_description_target': 'documented_params'})
+def test_napoleon_and_autodoc_typehints_description_documented_params(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'typehints.txt').read_text(encoding='utf-8')
+    assert content == (
+        'typehints\n'
+        '*********\n'
+        '\n'
+        'mypackage.typehints.hello(x, *args, **kwargs)\n'
+        '\n'
+        '   Parameters:\n'
+        '      * **x** (*int*) -- X\n'
+        '\n'
+        '      * ***args** (*int*) -- Additional arguments.\n'
+        '\n'
+        '      * ****kwargs** (*int*) -- Extra arguments.\n'
+    )
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_todo.py b/tests/test_ext_todo.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7d39495
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_ext_todo.py
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+"""Test sphinx.ext.todo extension."""
+
+import re
+
+import pytest
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-todo', freshenv=True,
+                    confoverrides={'todo_include_todos': True, 'todo_emit_warnings': True})
+def test_todo(app, status, warning):
+    todos = []
+
+    def on_todo_defined(app, node):
+        todos.append(node)
+
+    app.connect('todo-defined', on_todo_defined)
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    # check todolist
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('<p class="admonition-title">Todo</p>\n'
+            '<p>todo in foo</p>') in content
+
+    assert ('<p class="admonition-title">Todo</p>\n'
+            '<p>todo in bar</p>') in content
+
+    # check todo
+    content = (app.outdir / 'foo.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('<p class="admonition-title">Todo</p>\n'
+            '<p>todo in foo</p>') in content
+
+    assert ('<p class="admonition-title">Todo</p>\n'
+            '<p>todo in param field</p>') in content
+
+    # check emitted warnings
+    assert 'WARNING: TODO entry found: todo in foo' in warning.getvalue()
+    assert 'WARNING: TODO entry found: todo in bar' in warning.getvalue()
+
+    # check handled event
+    assert len(todos) == 3
+    assert {todo[1].astext() for todo in todos} == {'todo in foo',
+                                                    'todo in bar',
+                                                    'todo in param field'}
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='ext-todo', freshenv=True,
+                    confoverrides={'todo_include_todos': False, 'todo_emit_warnings': True})
+def test_todo_not_included(app, status, warning):
+    todos = []
+
+    def on_todo_defined(app, node):
+        todos.append(node)
+
+    app.connect('todo-defined', on_todo_defined)
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    # check todolist
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('<p class="admonition-title">Todo</p>\n'
+            '<p>todo in foo</p>') not in content
+
+    assert ('<p class="admonition-title">Todo</p>\n'
+            '<p>todo in bar</p>') not in content
+
+    # check todo
+    content = (app.outdir / 'foo.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('<p class="admonition-title">Todo</p>\n'
+            '<p>todo in foo</p>') not in content
+
+    # check emitted warnings
+    assert 'WARNING: TODO entry found: todo in foo' in warning.getvalue()
+    assert 'WARNING: TODO entry found: todo in bar' in warning.getvalue()
+
+    # check handled event
+    assert len(todos) == 3
+    assert {todo[1].astext() for todo in todos} == {'todo in foo',
+                                                    'todo in bar',
+                                                    'todo in param field'}
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='ext-todo', freshenv=True,
+                    confoverrides={'todo_include_todos': True})
+def test_todo_valid_link(app, status, warning):
+    """
+    Test that the inserted "original entry" links for todo items have a target
+    that exists in the LaTeX output. The target was previously incorrectly
+    omitted (GitHub issue #1020).
+    """
+
+    # Ensure the LaTeX output is built.
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    # Look for the link to foo. Note that there are two of them because the
+    # source document uses todolist twice. We could equally well look for links
+    # to bar.
+    link = (r'{\\hyperref\[\\detokenize{(.*?foo.*?)}]{\\sphinxcrossref{'
+            r'\\sphinxstyleemphasis{original entry}}}}')
+    m = re.findall(link, content)
+    assert len(m) == 4
+    target = m[0]
+
+    # Look for the targets of this link.
+    labels = re.findall(r'\\label{\\detokenize{([^}]*)}}', content)
+    matched = [l for l in labels if l == target]
+
+    # If everything is correct we should have exactly one target.
+    assert len(matched) == 1
diff --git a/tests/test_ext_viewcode.py b/tests/test_ext_viewcode.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1a0a6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_ext_viewcode.py
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+"""Test sphinx.ext.viewcode extension."""
+
+import re
+import shutil
+
+import pytest
+
+
+def check_viewcode_output(app, warning):
+    warnings = re.sub(r'\\+', '/', warning.getvalue())
+    assert re.findall(
+        r"index.rst:\d+: WARNING: Object named 'func1' not found in include " +
+        r"file .*/spam/__init__.py'",
+        warnings,
+    )
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert result.count('href="_modules/spam/mod1.html#func1"') == 2
+    assert result.count('href="_modules/spam/mod2.html#func2"') == 2
+    assert result.count('href="_modules/spam/mod1.html#Class1"') == 2
+    assert result.count('href="_modules/spam/mod2.html#Class2"') == 2
+    assert result.count('@decorator') == 1
+
+    # test that the class attribute is correctly documented
+    assert result.count('this is Class3') == 2
+    assert 'this is the class attribute class_attr' in result
+    # the next assert fails, until the autodoc bug gets fixed
+    assert result.count('this is the class attribute class_attr') == 2
+
+    result = (app.outdir / '_modules/spam/mod1.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    result = re.sub('<span class="[^"]{,2}">', '<span>', result)  # filter pygments classes
+    assert ('<div class="viewcode-block" id="Class1">\n'
+            '<a class="viewcode-back" href="../../index.html#spam.Class1">[docs]</a>\n') in result
+    assert '<span>@decorator</span>\n' in result
+    assert '<span>class</span> <span>Class1</span><span>:</span>\n' in result
+    assert '<span>    </span><span>&quot;&quot;&quot;</span>\n' in result
+    assert '<span>    this is Class1</span>\n' in result
+    assert '<span>    &quot;&quot;&quot;</span>\n' in result
+
+    return result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='ext-viewcode', freshenv=True,
+                    confoverrides={"viewcode_line_numbers": True})
+def test_viewcode_linenos(app, warning):
+    shutil.rmtree(app.outdir / '_modules', ignore_errors=True)
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    result = check_viewcode_output(app, warning)
+    assert '<span class="linenos"> 1</span>' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='ext-viewcode', freshenv=True,
+                    confoverrides={"viewcode_line_numbers": False})
+def test_viewcode(app, warning):
+    shutil.rmtree(app.outdir / '_modules', ignore_errors=True)
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    result = check_viewcode_output(app, warning)
+    assert 'class="linenos">' not in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('epub', testroot='ext-viewcode')
+def test_viewcode_epub_default(app, status, warning):
+    shutil.rmtree(app.outdir)
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    assert not (app.outdir / '_modules/spam/mod1.xhtml').exists()
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'index.xhtml').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert result.count('href="_modules/spam/mod1.xhtml#func1"') == 0
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('epub', testroot='ext-viewcode',
+                    confoverrides={'viewcode_enable_epub': True})
+def test_viewcode_epub_enabled(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    assert (app.outdir / '_modules/spam/mod1.xhtml').exists()
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'index.xhtml').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert result.count('href="_modules/spam/mod1.xhtml#func1"') == 2
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='ext-viewcode', tags=['test_linkcode'])
+def test_linkcode(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build(['objects'])
+
+    stuff = (app.outdir / 'objects.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    assert 'http://foobar/source/foolib.py' in stuff
+    assert 'http://foobar/js/' in stuff
+    assert 'http://foobar/c/' in stuff
+    assert 'http://foobar/cpp/' in stuff
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='ext-viewcode-find', freshenv=True)
+def test_local_source_files(app, status, warning):
+    def find_source(app, modname):
+        if modname == 'not_a_package':
+            source = (app.srcdir / 'not_a_package/__init__.py').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+            tags = {
+                'func1': ('def', 1, 1),
+                'Class1': ('class', 1, 1),
+                'not_a_package.submodule.func1': ('def', 1, 1),
+                'not_a_package.submodule.Class1': ('class', 1, 1),
+            }
+        else:
+            source = (app.srcdir / 'not_a_package/submodule.py').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+            tags = {
+                'not_a_package.submodule.func1': ('def', 11, 15),
+                'Class1': ('class', 19, 22),
+                'not_a_package.submodule.Class1': ('class', 19, 22),
+                'Class3': ('class', 25, 30),
+                'not_a_package.submodule.Class3.class_attr': ('other', 29, 29),
+            }
+        return (source, tags)
+
+    app.connect('viewcode-find-source', find_source)
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    warnings = re.sub(r'\\+', '/', warning.getvalue())
+    assert re.findall(
+        r"index.rst:\d+: WARNING: Object named 'func1' not found in include " +
+        r"file .*/not_a_package/__init__.py'",
+        warnings,
+    )
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert result.count('href="_modules/not_a_package.html#func1"') == 1
+    assert result.count('href="_modules/not_a_package.html#not_a_package.submodule.func1"') == 1
+    assert result.count('href="_modules/not_a_package/submodule.html#Class1"') == 1
+    assert result.count('href="_modules/not_a_package/submodule.html#Class3"') == 1
+    assert result.count('href="_modules/not_a_package/submodule.html#not_a_package.submodule.Class1"') == 1
+
+    assert result.count('href="_modules/not_a_package/submodule.html#not_a_package.submodule.Class3.class_attr"') == 1
+    assert result.count('This is the class attribute class_attr') == 1
diff --git a/tests/test_extension.py b/tests/test_extension.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d74743c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_extension.py
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+"""Test sphinx.extension module."""
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx.errors import VersionRequirementError
+from sphinx.extension import Extension, verify_needs_extensions
+
+
+def test_needs_extensions(app):
+    # empty needs_extensions
+    assert app.config.needs_extensions == {}
+    verify_needs_extensions(app, app.config)
+
+    # needs_extensions fulfilled
+    app.config.needs_extensions = {'test.extension': '3.9'}
+    app.extensions['test.extension'] = Extension('test.extension', 'test.extension', version='3.10')
+    verify_needs_extensions(app, app.config)
+
+    # needs_extensions not fulfilled
+    app.config.needs_extensions = {'test.extension': '3.11'}
+    app.extensions['test.extension'] = Extension('test.extension', 'test.extension', version='3.10')
+    with pytest.raises(VersionRequirementError):
+        verify_needs_extensions(app, app.config)
diff --git a/tests/test_highlighting.py b/tests/test_highlighting.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a33ebb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_highlighting.py
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+"""Test the Pygments highlighting bridge."""
+
+from unittest import mock
+
+from pygments.formatters.html import HtmlFormatter
+from pygments.lexer import RegexLexer
+from pygments.token import Name, Text
+
+from sphinx.highlighting import PygmentsBridge
+
+
+class MyLexer(RegexLexer):
+    name = 'testlexer'
+
+    tokens = {
+        'root': [
+            ('a', Name),
+            ('b', Text),
+        ],
+    }
+
+
+class MyFormatter(HtmlFormatter):
+    def format(self, tokensource, outfile):
+        for tok in tokensource:
+            outfile.write(tok[1])
+
+
+class ComplainOnUnhighlighted(PygmentsBridge):
+    def unhighlighted(self, source):
+        raise AssertionError("should highlight %r" % source)
+
+
+def test_add_lexer(app, status, warning):
+    app.add_lexer('test', MyLexer)
+
+    bridge = PygmentsBridge('html')
+    ret = bridge.highlight_block('ab', 'test')
+    assert '<span class="n">a</span>b' in ret
+
+
+def test_detect_interactive():
+    bridge = ComplainOnUnhighlighted('html')
+    blocks = [
+        """
+        >>> testing()
+        True
+        """,
+    ]
+    for block in blocks:
+        ret = bridge.highlight_block(block.lstrip(), 'python')
+        assert ret.startswith("<div class=\"highlight\">")
+
+
+def test_lexer_options():
+    bridge = PygmentsBridge('html')
+    ret = bridge.highlight_block('//comment', 'php', opts={'startinline': True})
+    assert '<span class="c1">//comment</span>' in ret
+
+
+def test_set_formatter():
+    PygmentsBridge.html_formatter = MyFormatter
+    try:
+        bridge = PygmentsBridge('html')
+        ret = bridge.highlight_block('foo\n', 'python')
+        assert ret == 'foo\n'
+    finally:
+        PygmentsBridge.html_formatter = HtmlFormatter
+
+
+@mock.patch('sphinx.highlighting.logger')
+def test_default_highlight(logger):
+    bridge = PygmentsBridge('html')
+
+    # default: highlights as python3
+    ret = bridge.highlight_block('print "Hello sphinx world"', 'default')
+    assert ret == ('<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">print</span> '
+                   '<span class="s2">&quot;Hello sphinx world&quot;</span>\n</pre></div>\n')
+
+    # default: fallbacks to none if highlighting failed
+    ret = bridge.highlight_block('reST ``like`` text', 'default')
+    assert ret == '<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>reST ``like`` text\n</pre></div>\n'
+
+    # python: highlights as python3
+    ret = bridge.highlight_block('print("Hello sphinx world")', 'python')
+    assert ret == ('<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">print</span>'
+                   '<span class="p">(</span>'
+                   '<span class="s2">&quot;Hello sphinx world&quot;</span>'
+                   '<span class="p">)</span>\n</pre></div>\n')
+
+    # python3: highlights as python3
+    ret = bridge.highlight_block('print("Hello sphinx world")', 'python3')
+    assert ret == ('<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">print</span>'
+                   '<span class="p">(</span>'
+                   '<span class="s2">&quot;Hello sphinx world&quot;</span>'
+                   '<span class="p">)</span>\n</pre></div>\n')
+
+    # python: raises error if highlighting failed
+    ret = bridge.highlight_block('reST ``like`` text', 'python')
+    logger.warning.assert_called_with('Lexing literal_block %r as "%s" resulted in an error at token: %r. '
+                                      'Retrying in relaxed mode.',
+                                      'reST ``like`` text', 'python', '`',
+                                      type='misc', subtype='highlighting_failure',
+                                      location=None)
diff --git a/tests/test_intl.py b/tests/test_intl.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a07ebfb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_intl.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1527 @@
+"""Test message patching for internationalization purposes.
+
+Runs the text builder in the test root.
+"""
+
+import os
+import os.path
+import re
+import shutil
+import time
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+from babel.messages import mofile, pofile
+from babel.messages.catalog import Catalog
+from docutils import nodes
+
+from sphinx import locale
+from sphinx.testing.util import assert_node, etree_parse, strip_escseq
+from sphinx.util.nodes import NodeMatcher
+
+sphinx_intl = pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    testroot='intl',
+    confoverrides={
+        'language': 'xx', 'locale_dirs': ['.'],
+        'gettext_compact': False,
+    },
+)
+
+
+def read_po(pathname):
+    with open(pathname, encoding='utf-8') as f:
+        return pofile.read_po(f)
+
+
+def write_mo(pathname, po):
+    with open(pathname, 'wb') as f:
+        return mofile.write_mo(f, po)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def _setup_intl(app_params):
+    assert isinstance(app_params.kwargs['srcdir'], Path)
+    srcdir = app_params.kwargs['srcdir']
+    for dirpath, _dirs, files in os.walk(srcdir):
+        dirpath = Path(dirpath)
+        for f in [f for f in files if f.endswith('.po')]:
+            po = str(dirpath / f)
+            mo = srcdir / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / (
+                os.path.relpath(po[:-3], srcdir) + '.mo')
+            if not mo.parent.exists():
+                mo.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+            if not mo.exists() or os.stat(mo).st_mtime < os.stat(po).st_mtime:
+                # compile .mo file only if needed
+                write_mo(mo, read_po(po))
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def _info(app):
+    yield
+    print('# language:', app.config.language)
+    print('# locale_dirs:', app.config.locale_dirs)
+
+
+def elem_gettexts(elem):
+    return [_f for _f in [s.strip() for s in elem.itertext()] if _f]
+
+
+def elem_getref(elem):
+    return elem.attrib.get('refid') or elem.attrib.get('refuri')
+
+
+def assert_elem(elem, texts=None, refs=None, names=None):
+    if texts is not None:
+        _texts = elem_gettexts(elem)
+        assert _texts == texts
+    if refs is not None:
+        _refs = [elem_getref(x) for x in elem.findall('reference')]
+        assert _refs == refs
+    if names is not None:
+        _names = elem.attrib.get('names').split()
+        assert _names == names
+
+
+def assert_count(expected_expr, result, count):
+    find_pair = (expected_expr, result)
+    assert len(re.findall(*find_pair)) == count, find_pair
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_text_emit_warnings(app, warning):
+    app.build()
+    # test warnings in translation
+    warnings = getwarning(warning)
+    warning_expr = ('.*/warnings.txt:4:<translated>:1: '
+                    'WARNING: Inline literal start-string without end-string.\n')
+    assert re.search(warning_expr, warnings), f'{warning_expr!r} did not match {warnings!r}'
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_text_warning_node(app):
+    app.build()
+    # test warnings in translation
+    result = (app.outdir / 'warnings.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    expect = ("3. I18N WITH REST WARNINGS"
+              "\n**************************\n"
+              "\nLINE OF >>``<<BROKEN LITERAL MARKUP.\n")
+    assert result == expect
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_text_title_underline(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- simple translation; check title underlines
+    result = (app.outdir / 'bom.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    expect = ("2. Datei mit UTF-8"
+              "\n******************\n"  # underline matches new translation
+              "\nThis file has umlauts: äöü.\n")
+    assert result == expect
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_text_subdirs(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- check translation in subdirs
+    result = (app.outdir / 'subdir' / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert result.startswith('1. subdir contents\n******************\n')
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_text_inconsistency_warnings(app, warning):
+    app.build()
+    # --- check warnings for inconsistency in number of references
+    result = (app.outdir / 'refs_inconsistency.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    expect = ("8. I18N WITH REFS INCONSISTENCY"
+              "\n*******************************\n"
+              "\n* FOR CITATION [ref3].\n"
+              "\n* reference FOR reference.\n"
+              "\n* ORPHAN REFERENCE: I18N WITH REFS INCONSISTENCY.\n"
+              "\n[1] THIS IS A AUTO NUMBERED FOOTNOTE.\n"
+              "\n[ref2] THIS IS A CITATION.\n"
+              "\n[100] THIS IS A NUMBERED FOOTNOTE.\n")
+    assert result == expect
+
+    warnings = getwarning(warning)
+    warning_fmt = ('.*/refs_inconsistency.txt:\\d+: '
+                   'WARNING: inconsistent %(reftype)s in translated message.'
+                   ' original: %(original)s, translated: %(translated)s\n')
+    expected_warning_expr = (
+        warning_fmt % {
+            'reftype': 'footnote references',
+            'original': "\\['\\[#\\]_'\\]",
+            'translated': "\\[\\]",
+        } +
+        warning_fmt % {
+            'reftype': 'footnote references',
+            'original': "\\['\\[100\\]_'\\]",
+            'translated': "\\[\\]",
+        } +
+        warning_fmt % {
+            'reftype': 'references',
+            'original': "\\['reference_'\\]",
+            'translated': "\\['reference_', 'reference_'\\]",
+        } +
+        warning_fmt % {
+            'reftype': 'references',
+            'original': "\\[\\]",
+            'translated': "\\['`I18N WITH REFS INCONSISTENCY`_'\\]",
+        })
+    assert re.search(expected_warning_expr, warnings), f'{expected_warning_expr!r} did not match {warnings!r}'
+
+    expected_citation_warning_expr = (
+        '.*/refs_inconsistency.txt:\\d+: WARNING: Citation \\[ref2\\] is not referenced.\n' +
+        '.*/refs_inconsistency.txt:\\d+: WARNING: citation not found: ref3')
+    assert re.search(expected_citation_warning_expr, warnings), f'{expected_citation_warning_expr!r} did not match {warnings!r}'
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_noqa(app, warning):
+    app.build()
+    result = (app.outdir / 'noqa.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    expect = r"""FIRST SECTION
+*************
+
+TRANSLATED TEXT WITHOUT REFERENCE.
+
+TEST noqa WHITESPACE INSENSITIVITY.
+
+"#noqa" IS ESCAPED AT THE END OF THIS STRING. #noqa
+
+
+NEXT SECTION WITH PARAGRAPH TO TEST BARE noqa
+*********************************************
+
+Some text, again referring to the section: NEXT SECTION WITH PARAGRAPH
+TO TEST BARE noqa.
+"""
+    assert result == expect
+    assert "next-section" not in getwarning(warning)
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_text_literalblock_warnings(app, warning):
+    app.build()
+    # --- check warning for literal block
+    result = (app.outdir / 'literalblock.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    expect = ("9. I18N WITH LITERAL BLOCK"
+              "\n**************************\n"
+              "\nCORRECT LITERAL BLOCK:\n"
+              "\n   this is"
+              "\n   literal block\n"
+              "\nMISSING LITERAL BLOCK:\n"
+              "\n<SYSTEM MESSAGE:")
+    assert result.startswith(expect)
+
+    warnings = getwarning(warning)
+    expected_warning_expr = ('.*/literalblock.txt:\\d+: '
+                             'WARNING: Literal block expected; none found.')
+    assert re.search(expected_warning_expr, warnings), f'{expected_warning_expr!r} did not match {warnings!r}'
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_text_definition_terms(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- definition terms: regression test for #975, #2198, #2205
+    result = (app.outdir / 'definition_terms.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    expect = ("13. I18N WITH DEFINITION TERMS"
+              "\n******************************\n"
+              "\nSOME TERM"
+              "\n   THE CORRESPONDING DEFINITION\n"
+              "\nSOME *TERM* WITH LINK"
+              "\n   THE CORRESPONDING DEFINITION #2\n"
+              "\nSOME **TERM** WITH : CLASSIFIER1 : CLASSIFIER2"
+              "\n   THE CORRESPONDING DEFINITION\n"
+              "\nSOME TERM WITH : CLASSIFIER[]"
+              "\n   THE CORRESPONDING DEFINITION\n")
+    assert result == expect
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_text_glossary_term(app, warning):
+    app.build()
+    # --- glossary terms: regression test for #1090
+    result = (app.outdir / 'glossary_terms.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    expect = (r"""18. I18N WITH GLOSSARY TERMS
+****************************
+
+SOME NEW TERM
+   THE CORRESPONDING GLOSSARY
+
+SOME OTHER NEW TERM
+   THE CORRESPONDING GLOSSARY #2
+
+LINK TO *SOME NEW TERM*.
+
+TRANSLATED GLOSSARY SHOULD BE SORTED BY TRANSLATED TERMS:
+
+TRANSLATED TERM XXX
+   DEFINE XXX
+
+TRANSLATED TERM YYY
+   DEFINE YYY
+
+TRANSLATED TERM ZZZ
+VVV
+   DEFINE ZZZ
+""")
+    assert result == expect
+    warnings = getwarning(warning)
+    assert 'term not in glossary' not in warnings
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_text_glossary_term_inconsistencies(app, warning):
+    app.build()
+    # --- glossary term inconsistencies: regression test for #1090
+    result = (app.outdir / 'glossary_terms_inconsistency.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    expect = ("19. I18N WITH GLOSSARY TERMS INCONSISTENCY"
+              "\n******************************************\n"
+              "\n1. LINK TO *SOME NEW TERM*.\n")
+    assert result == expect
+
+    warnings = getwarning(warning)
+    expected_warning_expr = (
+        '.*/glossary_terms_inconsistency.txt:\\d+: '
+        'WARNING: inconsistent term references in translated message.'
+        " original: \\[':term:`Some term`', ':term:`Some other term`'\\],"
+        " translated: \\[':term:`SOME NEW TERM`'\\]\n")
+    assert re.search(expected_warning_expr, warnings), f'{expected_warning_expr!r} did not match {warnings!r}'
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('gettext')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_gettext')
+def test_gettext_section(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- section
+    expect = read_po(app.srcdir / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'section.po')
+    actual = read_po(app.outdir / 'section.pot')
+    for expect_msg in [m for m in expect if m.id]:
+        assert expect_msg.id in [m.id for m in actual if m.id]
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_text_section(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- section
+    result = (app.outdir / 'section.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    expect = read_po(app.srcdir / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'section.po')
+    for expect_msg in [m for m in expect if m.id]:
+        assert expect_msg.string in result
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_text_seealso(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- seealso
+    result = (app.outdir / 'seealso.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    expect = ("12. I18N WITH SEEALSO"
+              "\n*********************\n"
+              "\nSee also: SHORT TEXT 1\n"
+              "\nSee also: LONG TEXT 1\n"
+              "\nSee also:\n"
+              "\n  SHORT TEXT 2\n"
+              "\n  LONG TEXT 2\n")
+    assert result == expect
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_text_figure_captions(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- figure captions: regression test for #940
+    result = (app.outdir / 'figure.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    expect = ("14. I18N WITH FIGURE CAPTION"
+              "\n****************************\n"
+              "\n   [image]MY CAPTION OF THE FIGURE\n"
+              "\n   MY DESCRIPTION PARAGRAPH1 OF THE FIGURE.\n"
+              "\n   MY DESCRIPTION PARAGRAPH2 OF THE FIGURE.\n"
+              "\n"
+              "\n14.1. FIGURE IN THE BLOCK"
+              "\n=========================\n"
+              "\nBLOCK\n"
+              "\n      [image]MY CAPTION OF THE FIGURE\n"
+              "\n      MY DESCRIPTION PARAGRAPH1 OF THE FIGURE.\n"
+              "\n      MY DESCRIPTION PARAGRAPH2 OF THE FIGURE.\n"
+              "\n"
+              "\n"
+              "14.2. IMAGE URL AND ALT\n"
+              "=======================\n"
+              "\n"
+              "[image: I18N -> IMG][image]\n"
+              "\n"
+              "   [image: IMG -> I18N][image]\n"
+              "\n"
+              "\n"
+              "14.3. IMAGE ON SUBSTITUTION\n"
+              "===========================\n"
+              "\n"
+              "\n"
+              "14.4. IMAGE UNDER NOTE\n"
+              "======================\n"
+              "\n"
+              "Note:\n"
+              "\n"
+              "  [image: i18n under note][image]\n"
+              "\n"
+              "     [image: img under note][image]\n")
+    assert result == expect
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_text_rubric(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- rubric: regression test for pull request #190
+    result = (app.outdir / 'rubric.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    expect = ("I18N WITH RUBRIC"
+              "\n****************\n"
+              "\n-[ RUBRIC TITLE ]-\n"
+              "\n"
+              "\nRUBRIC IN THE BLOCK"
+              "\n===================\n"
+              "\nBLOCK\n"
+              "\n   -[ RUBRIC TITLE ]-\n")
+    assert result == expect
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_text_docfields(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- docfields
+    result = (app.outdir / 'docfields.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    expect = ("21. I18N WITH DOCFIELDS"
+              "\n***********************\n"
+              "\nclass Cls1\n"
+              "\n   Parameters:"
+              "\n      **param** -- DESCRIPTION OF PARAMETER param\n"
+              "\nclass Cls2\n"
+              "\n   Parameters:"
+              "\n      * **foo** -- DESCRIPTION OF PARAMETER foo\n"
+              "\n      * **bar** -- DESCRIPTION OF PARAMETER bar\n"
+              "\nclass Cls3(values)\n"
+              "\n   Raises:"
+              "\n      **ValueError** -- IF THE VALUES ARE OUT OF RANGE\n"
+              "\nclass Cls4(values)\n"
+              "\n   Raises:"
+              "\n      * **TypeError** -- IF THE VALUES ARE NOT VALID\n"
+              "\n      * **ValueError** -- IF THE VALUES ARE OUT OF RANGE\n"
+              "\nclass Cls5\n"
+              "\n   Returns:"
+              '\n      A NEW "Cls3" INSTANCE\n')
+    assert result == expect
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_text_admonitions(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- admonitions
+    # #1206: gettext did not translate admonition directive's title
+    # seealso: https://docutils.sourceforge.io/docs/ref/rst/directives.html#admonitions
+    result = (app.outdir / 'admonitions.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    directives = (
+        "attention", "caution", "danger", "error", "hint",
+        "important", "note", "tip", "warning", "admonition")
+    for d in directives:
+        assert d.upper() + " TITLE" in result
+        assert d.upper() + " BODY" in result
+
+    # for #4938 `1. ` prefixed admonition title
+    assert "1. ADMONITION TITLE" in result
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('gettext')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_gettext')
+def test_gettext_toctree(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- toctree (index.rst)
+    expect = read_po(app.srcdir / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'index.po')
+    actual = read_po(app.outdir / 'index.pot')
+    for expect_msg in [m for m in expect if m.id]:
+        assert expect_msg.id in [m.id for m in actual if m.id]
+    # --- toctree (toctree.rst)
+    expect = read_po(app.srcdir / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'toctree.po')
+    actual = read_po(app.outdir / 'toctree.pot')
+    for expect_msg in [m for m in expect if m.id]:
+        assert expect_msg.id in [m.id for m in actual if m.id]
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('gettext')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_gettext')
+def test_gettext_table(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- toctree
+    expect = read_po(app.srcdir / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'table.po')
+    actual = read_po(app.outdir / 'table.pot')
+    for expect_msg in [m for m in expect if m.id]:
+        assert expect_msg.id in [m.id for m in actual if m.id]
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_text_table(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- toctree
+    result = (app.outdir / 'table.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    expect = read_po(app.srcdir / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'table.po')
+    for expect_msg in [m for m in expect if m.id]:
+        assert expect_msg.string in result
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_text_toctree(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- toctree (index.rst)
+    # Note: index.rst contains contents that is not shown in text.
+    result = (app.outdir / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert 'CONTENTS' in result
+    assert 'TABLE OF CONTENTS' in result
+    # --- toctree (toctree.rst)
+    result = (app.outdir / 'toctree.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    expect = read_po(app.srcdir / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'toctree.po')
+    for expect_msg in (m for m in expect if m.id):
+        assert expect_msg.string in result
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('gettext')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_gettext')
+def test_gettext_topic(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- topic
+    expect = read_po(app.srcdir / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'topic.po')
+    actual = read_po(app.outdir / 'topic.pot')
+    for expect_msg in [m for m in expect if m.id]:
+        assert expect_msg.id in [m.id for m in actual if m.id]
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_text_topic(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- topic
+    result = (app.outdir / 'topic.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    expect = read_po(app.srcdir / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'topic.po')
+    for expect_msg in [m for m in expect if m.id]:
+        assert expect_msg.string in result
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('gettext')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_gettext')
+def test_gettext_definition_terms(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- definition terms: regression test for #2198, #2205
+    expect = read_po(app.srcdir / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'definition_terms.po')
+    actual = read_po(app.outdir / 'definition_terms.pot')
+    for expect_msg in [m for m in expect if m.id]:
+        assert expect_msg.id in [m.id for m in actual if m.id]
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('gettext')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_gettext')
+def test_gettext_glossary_terms(app, warning):
+    app.build()
+    # --- glossary terms: regression test for #1090
+    expect = read_po(app.srcdir / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'glossary_terms.po')
+    actual = read_po(app.outdir / 'glossary_terms.pot')
+    for expect_msg in [m for m in expect if m.id]:
+        assert expect_msg.id in [m.id for m in actual if m.id]
+    warnings = warning.getvalue().replace(os.sep, '/')
+    assert 'term not in glossary' not in warnings
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('gettext')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_gettext')
+def test_gettext_glossary_term_inconsistencies(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- glossary term inconsistencies: regression test for #1090
+    expect = read_po(app.srcdir / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'glossary_terms_inconsistency.po')
+    actual = read_po(app.outdir / 'glossary_terms_inconsistency.pot')
+    for expect_msg in [m for m in expect if m.id]:
+        assert expect_msg.id in [m.id for m in actual if m.id]
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('gettext')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_gettext')
+def test_gettext_literalblock(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- gettext builder always ignores ``only`` directive
+    expect = read_po(app.srcdir / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'literalblock.po')
+    actual = read_po(app.outdir / 'literalblock.pot')
+    for expect_msg in [m for m in expect if m.id]:
+        if len(expect_msg.id.splitlines()) == 1:
+            # compare translations only labels
+            assert expect_msg.id in [m.id for m in actual if m.id]
+        else:
+            pass  # skip code-blocks and literalblocks
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('gettext')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_gettext')
+def test_gettext_buildr_ignores_only_directive(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- gettext builder always ignores ``only`` directive
+    expect = read_po(app.srcdir / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'only.po')
+    actual = read_po(app.outdir / 'only.pot')
+    for expect_msg in [m for m in expect if m.id]:
+        assert expect_msg.id in [m.id for m in actual if m.id]
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+def test_node_translated_attribute(app):
+    app.builder.build_specific([app.srcdir / 'translation_progress.txt'])
+
+    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('translation_progress')
+
+    translated_nodes = sum(1 for _ in doctree.findall(NodeMatcher(translated=True)))
+    assert translated_nodes == 10 + 1  # 10 lines + title
+
+    untranslated_nodes = sum(1 for _ in doctree.findall(NodeMatcher(translated=False)))
+    assert untranslated_nodes == 2 + 2 + 1  # 2 lines + 2 lines + substitution reference
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+def test_translation_progress_substitution(app):
+    app.builder.build_specific([app.srcdir / 'translation_progress.txt'])
+
+    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('translation_progress')
+
+    assert doctree[0][19][0] == '68.75%'  # 11 out of 16 lines are translated
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='intl', freshenv=True, confoverrides={
+    'language': 'xx', 'locale_dirs': ['.'],
+    'gettext_compact': False,
+    'translation_progress_classes': True,
+})
+def test_translation_progress_classes_true(app):
+    app.builder.build_specific([app.srcdir / 'translation_progress.txt'])
+
+    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('translation_progress')
+
+    # title
+    assert 'translated' in doctree[0][0]['classes']
+
+    # translated lines
+    assert 'translated' in doctree[0][1]['classes']
+    assert 'translated' in doctree[0][2]['classes']
+    assert 'translated' in doctree[0][3]['classes']
+    assert 'translated' in doctree[0][4]['classes']
+    assert 'translated' in doctree[0][5]['classes']
+    assert 'translated' in doctree[0][6]['classes']
+    assert 'translated' in doctree[0][7]['classes']
+    assert 'translated' in doctree[0][8]['classes']
+
+    assert doctree[0][9]['classes'] == []  # comment node
+
+    # idempotent
+    assert 'translated' in doctree[0][10]['classes']
+    assert 'translated' in doctree[0][11]['classes']
+
+    assert doctree[0][12]['classes'] == []  # comment node
+
+    # untranslated
+    assert 'untranslated' in doctree[0][13]['classes']
+    assert 'untranslated' in doctree[0][14]['classes']
+
+    assert doctree[0][15]['classes'] == []  # comment node
+
+    # missing
+    assert 'untranslated' in doctree[0][16]['classes']
+    assert 'untranslated' in doctree[0][17]['classes']
+
+    assert doctree[0][18]['classes'] == []  # comment node
+
+    # substitution reference
+    assert 'untranslated' in doctree[0][19]['classes']
+
+    assert len(doctree[0]) == 20
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+# use individual shared_result directory to avoid "incompatible doctree" error
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='builder-gettext-dont-rebuild-mo')
+def test_gettext_dont_rebuild_mo(make_app, app_params):
+    # --- don't rebuild by .mo mtime
+    def get_update_targets(app_):
+        app_.env.find_files(app_.config, app_.builder)
+        added, changed, removed = app_.env.get_outdated_files(config_changed=False)
+        return added, changed, removed
+
+    args, kwargs = app_params
+
+    # phase1: build document with non-gettext builder and generate mo file in srcdir
+    app0 = make_app('dummy', *args, **kwargs)
+    app0.build()
+    time.sleep(0.01)
+    assert (app0.srcdir / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'bom.mo').exists()
+    # Since it is after the build, the number of documents to be updated is 0
+    update_targets = get_update_targets(app0)
+    assert update_targets[1] == set(), update_targets
+    # When rewriting the timestamp of mo file, the number of documents to be
+    # updated will be changed.
+    mtime = (app0.srcdir / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'bom.mo').stat().st_mtime
+    os.utime(app0.srcdir / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'bom.mo', (mtime + 5, mtime + 5))
+    update_targets = get_update_targets(app0)
+    assert update_targets[1] == {'bom'}, update_targets
+
+    # Because doctree for gettext builder can not be shared with other builders,
+    # erase doctreedir before gettext build.
+    shutil.rmtree(app0.doctreedir)
+
+    # phase2: build document with gettext builder.
+    # The mo file in the srcdir directory is retained.
+    app = make_app('gettext', *args, **kwargs)
+    app.build()
+    time.sleep(0.01)
+    # Since it is after the build, the number of documents to be updated is 0
+    update_targets = get_update_targets(app)
+    assert update_targets[1] == set(), update_targets
+    # Even if the timestamp of the mo file is updated, the number of documents
+    # to be updated is 0. gettext builder does not rebuild because of mo update.
+    os.utime(app0.srcdir / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'bom.mo', (mtime + 10, mtime + 10))
+    update_targets = get_update_targets(app)
+    assert update_targets[1] == set(), update_targets
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_html_meta(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- test for meta
+    result = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    expected_expr = '<meta content="TESTDATA FOR I18N" name="description" translated="True" />'
+    assert expected_expr in result
+    expected_expr = '<meta content="I18N, SPHINX, MARKUP" name="keywords" translated="True" />'
+    assert expected_expr in result
+    expected_expr = '<p class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">HIDDEN TOC</span></p>'
+    assert expected_expr in result
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_html_footnotes(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- test for #955 cant-build-html-with-footnotes-when-using
+    # expect no error by build
+    (app.outdir / 'footnote.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_html_undefined_refs(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- links to undefined reference
+    result = (app.outdir / 'refs_inconsistency.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    expected_expr = ('<a class="reference external" '
+                     'href="http://www.example.com">reference</a>')
+    assert len(re.findall(expected_expr, result)) == 2
+
+    expected_expr = ('<a class="reference internal" '
+                     'href="#reference">reference</a>')
+    assert len(re.findall(expected_expr, result)) == 0
+
+    expected_expr = ('<a class="reference internal" '
+                     'href="#i18n-with-refs-inconsistency">I18N WITH '
+                     'REFS INCONSISTENCY</a>')
+    assert len(re.findall(expected_expr, result)) == 1
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_html_index_entries(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- index entries: regression test for #976
+    result = (app.outdir / 'genindex.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    def wrap(tag, keyword):
+        start_tag = "<%s[^>]*>" % tag
+        end_tag = "</%s>" % tag
+        return fr"{start_tag}\s*{keyword}\s*{end_tag}"
+
+    def wrap_nest(parenttag, childtag, keyword):
+        start_tag1 = "<%s[^>]*>" % parenttag
+        start_tag2 = "<%s[^>]*>" % childtag
+        return fr"{start_tag1}\s*{keyword}\s*{start_tag2}"
+    expected_exprs = [
+        wrap('a', 'NEWSLETTER'),
+        wrap('a', 'MAILING LIST'),
+        wrap('a', 'RECIPIENTS LIST'),
+        wrap('a', 'FIRST SECOND'),
+        wrap('a', 'SECOND THIRD'),
+        wrap('a', 'THIRD, FIRST'),
+        wrap_nest('li', 'ul', 'ENTRY'),
+        wrap_nest('li', 'ul', 'SEE'),
+    ]
+    for expr in expected_exprs:
+        assert re.search(expr, result, re.MULTILINE), f'{expr!r} did not match {result!r}'
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_html_versionchanges(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- versionchanges
+    result = (app.outdir / 'versionchange.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    def get_content(result, name):
+        matched = re.search(r'<div class="%s">\n*(.*?)</div>' % name,
+                            result, re.DOTALL)
+        if matched:
+            return matched.group(1)
+        else:
+            return ''
+
+    expect1 = (
+        """<p><span class="versionmodified deprecated">Deprecated since version 1.0: </span>"""
+        """THIS IS THE <em>FIRST</em> PARAGRAPH OF DEPRECATED.</p>\n"""
+        """<p>THIS IS THE <em>SECOND</em> PARAGRAPH OF DEPRECATED.</p>\n""")
+    matched_content = get_content(result, "deprecated")
+    assert expect1 == matched_content
+
+    expect2 = (
+        """<p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 1.0: </span>"""
+        """THIS IS THE <em>FIRST</em> PARAGRAPH OF VERSIONADDED.</p>\n""")
+    matched_content = get_content(result, "versionadded")
+    assert expect2 == matched_content
+
+    expect3 = (
+        """<p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 1.0: </span>"""
+        """THIS IS THE <em>FIRST</em> PARAGRAPH OF VERSIONCHANGED.</p>\n""")
+    matched_content = get_content(result, "versionchanged")
+    assert expect3 == matched_content
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_html_docfields(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- docfields
+    # expect no error by build
+    (app.outdir / 'docfields.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_html_template(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- gettext template
+    result = (app.outdir / 'contents.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert "WELCOME" in result
+    assert "SPHINX 2013.120" in result
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_html_rebuild_mo(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- rebuild by .mo mtime
+    app.builder.build_update()
+    app.env.find_files(app.config, app.builder)
+    _, updated, _ = app.env.get_outdated_files(config_changed=False)
+    assert len(updated) == 0
+
+    mtime = (app.srcdir / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'bom.mo').stat().st_mtime
+    os.utime(app.srcdir / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'bom.mo', (mtime + 5, mtime + 5))
+    app.env.find_files(app.config, app.builder)
+    _, updated, _ = app.env.get_outdated_files(config_changed=False)
+    assert len(updated) == 1
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_xml_footnotes(app, warning):
+    app.build()
+    # --- footnotes: regression test for fix #955, #1176
+    et = etree_parse(app.outdir / 'footnote.xml')
+    secs = et.findall('section')
+
+    para0 = secs[0].findall('paragraph')
+    assert_elem(
+        para0[0],
+        ['I18N WITH FOOTNOTE', 'INCLUDE THIS CONTENTS',
+         '2', '[ref]', '1', '100', '*', '. SECOND FOOTNOTE_REF', '100', '.'],
+        ['i18n-with-footnote', 'ref'])
+
+    # check node_id for footnote_references which refer same footnote (refs: #3002)
+    assert para0[0][4].text == para0[0][6].text == '100'
+    assert para0[0][4].attrib['ids'] != para0[0][6].attrib['ids']
+
+    footnote0 = secs[0].findall('footnote')
+    assert_elem(
+        footnote0[0],
+        ['1', 'THIS IS A AUTO NUMBERED FOOTNOTE.'],
+        None,
+        ['1'])
+    assert_elem(
+        footnote0[1],
+        ['100', 'THIS IS A NUMBERED FOOTNOTE.'],
+        None,
+        ['100'])
+    assert_elem(
+        footnote0[2],
+        ['2', 'THIS IS A AUTO NUMBERED NAMED FOOTNOTE.'],
+        None,
+        ['named'])
+    assert_elem(
+        footnote0[3],
+        ['*', 'THIS IS A AUTO SYMBOL FOOTNOTE.'],
+        None,
+        None)
+
+    citation0 = secs[0].findall('citation')
+    assert_elem(
+        citation0[0],
+        ['ref', 'THIS IS A NAMED FOOTNOTE.'],
+        None,
+        ['ref'])
+
+    warnings = getwarning(warning)
+    warning_expr = '.*/footnote.xml:\\d*: SEVERE: Duplicate ID: ".*".\n'
+    assert not re.search(warning_expr, warnings), f'{warning_expr!r} did match {warnings!r}'
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_xml_footnote_backlinks(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- footnote backlinks: i18n test for #1058
+    et = etree_parse(app.outdir / 'footnote.xml')
+    secs = et.findall('section')
+
+    para0 = secs[0].findall('paragraph')
+    refs0 = para0[0].findall('footnote_reference')
+    refid2id = {r.attrib.get('refid'): r.attrib.get('ids') for r in refs0}
+
+    footnote0 = secs[0].findall('footnote')
+    for footnote in footnote0:
+        ids = footnote.attrib.get('ids')
+        backrefs = footnote.attrib.get('backrefs').split()
+        assert refid2id[ids] in backrefs
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_xml_refs_in_python_domain(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- refs in the Python domain
+    et = etree_parse(app.outdir / 'refs_python_domain.xml')
+    secs = et.findall('section')
+
+    # regression test for fix #1363
+    para0 = secs[0].findall('paragraph')
+    assert_elem(
+        para0[0],
+        ['SEE THIS DECORATOR:', 'sensitive_variables()', '.'],
+        ['sensitive.sensitive_variables'])
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_xml_keep_external_links(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- keep external links: regression test for #1044
+    et = etree_parse(app.outdir / 'external_links.xml')
+    secs = et.findall('section')
+
+    para0 = secs[0].findall('paragraph')
+    # external link check
+    assert_elem(
+        para0[0],
+        ['EXTERNAL LINK TO', 'Python', '.'],
+        ['http://python.org/index.html'])
+
+    # internal link check
+    assert_elem(
+        para0[1],
+        ['EXTERNAL LINKS', 'IS INTERNAL LINK.'],
+        ['i18n-with-external-links'])
+
+    # inline link check
+    assert_elem(
+        para0[2],
+        ['INLINE LINK BY', 'THE SPHINX SITE', '.'],
+        ['http://sphinx-doc.org'])
+
+    # unnamed link check
+    assert_elem(
+        para0[3],
+        ['UNNAMED', 'LINK', '.'],
+        ['http://google.com'])
+
+    # link target swapped translation
+    para1 = secs[1].findall('paragraph')
+    assert_elem(
+        para1[0],
+        ['LINK TO', 'external2', 'AND', 'external1', '.'],
+        ['https://www.google.com/external2',
+         'https://www.google.com/external1'])
+    assert_elem(
+        para1[1],
+        ['LINK TO', 'THE PYTHON SITE', 'AND', 'THE SPHINX SITE', '.'],
+        ['http://python.org', 'http://sphinx-doc.org'])
+
+    # multiple references in the same line
+    para2 = secs[2].findall('paragraph')
+    assert_elem(
+        para2[0],
+        ['LINK TO', 'EXTERNAL LINKS', ',', 'Python', ',',
+         'THE SPHINX SITE', ',', 'UNNAMED', 'AND',
+         'THE PYTHON SITE', '.'],
+        ['i18n-with-external-links', 'http://python.org/index.html',
+         'http://sphinx-doc.org', 'http://google.com',
+         'http://python.org'])
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_xml_role_xref(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- role xref: regression test for #1090, #1193
+    et = etree_parse(app.outdir / 'role_xref.xml')
+    sec1, sec2 = et.findall('section')
+
+    para1, = sec1.findall('paragraph')
+    assert_elem(
+        para1,
+        ['LINK TO', "I18N ROCK'N ROLE XREF", ',', 'CONTENTS', ',',
+         'SOME NEW TERM', '.'],
+        ['i18n-role-xref', 'index',
+         'glossary_terms#term-Some-term'])
+
+    para2 = sec2.findall('paragraph')
+    assert_elem(
+        para2[0],
+        ['LINK TO', 'SOME OTHER NEW TERM', 'AND', 'SOME NEW TERM', '.'],
+        ['glossary_terms#term-Some-other-term',
+         'glossary_terms#term-Some-term'])
+    assert_elem(
+        para2[1],
+        ['LINK TO', 'LABEL', 'AND',
+         'SAME TYPE LINKS', 'AND', 'SAME TYPE LINKS', '.'],
+        ['i18n-role-xref', 'same-type-links', 'same-type-links'])
+    assert_elem(
+        para2[2],
+        ['LINK TO', 'I18N WITH GLOSSARY TERMS', 'AND', 'CONTENTS', '.'],
+        ['glossary_terms', 'index'])
+    assert_elem(
+        para2[3],
+        ['LINK TO', '--module', 'AND', '-m', '.'],
+        ['cmdoption-module', 'cmdoption-m'])
+    assert_elem(
+        para2[4],
+        ['LINK TO', 'env2', 'AND', 'env1', '.'],
+        ['envvar-env2', 'envvar-env1'])
+    assert_elem(
+        para2[5],
+        ['LINK TO', 'token2', 'AND', 'token1', '.'],
+        [])  # TODO: how do I link token role to productionlist?
+    assert_elem(
+        para2[6],
+        ['LINK TO', 'same-type-links', 'AND', "i18n-role-xref", '.'],
+        ['same-type-links', 'i18n-role-xref'])
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_xml_warnings(app, warning):
+    app.build()
+    # warnings
+    warnings = getwarning(warning)
+    assert 'term not in glossary' not in warnings
+    assert 'undefined label' not in warnings
+    assert 'unknown document' not in warnings
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('xml')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_xml_label_targets(app):
+    app.build()
+    # --- label targets: regression test for #1193, #1265
+    et = etree_parse(app.outdir / 'label_target.xml')
+    secs = et.findall('section')
+
+    para0 = secs[0].findall('paragraph')
+    assert_elem(
+        para0[0],
+        ['X SECTION AND LABEL', 'POINT TO', 'implicit-target', 'AND',
+         'X SECTION AND LABEL', 'POINT TO', 'section-and-label', '.'],
+        ['implicit-target', 'section-and-label'])
+
+    para1 = secs[1].findall('paragraph')
+    assert_elem(
+        para1[0],
+        ['X EXPLICIT-TARGET', 'POINT TO', 'explicit-target', 'AND',
+         'X EXPLICIT-TARGET', 'POINT TO DUPLICATED ID LIKE', 'id1',
+         '.'],
+        ['explicit-target', 'id1'])
+
+    para2 = secs[2].findall('paragraph')
+    assert_elem(
+        para2[0],
+        ['X IMPLICIT SECTION NAME', 'POINT TO',
+         'implicit-section-name', '.'],
+        ['implicit-section-name'])
+
+    sec2 = secs[2].findall('section')
+
+    para2_0 = sec2[0].findall('paragraph')
+    assert_elem(
+        para2_0[0],
+        ['`X DUPLICATED SUB SECTION`_', 'IS BROKEN LINK.'],
+        [])
+
+    para3 = secs[3].findall('paragraph')
+    assert_elem(
+        para3[0],
+        ['X', 'bridge label',
+         'IS NOT TRANSLATABLE BUT LINKED TO TRANSLATED ' +
+         'SECTION TITLE.'],
+        ['label-bridged-target-section'])
+    assert_elem(
+        para3[1],
+        ['X', 'bridge label', 'POINT TO',
+         'LABEL BRIDGED TARGET SECTION', 'AND', 'bridge label2',
+         'POINT TO', 'SECTION AND LABEL', '. THE SECOND APPEARED',
+         'bridge label2', 'POINT TO CORRECT TARGET.'],
+        ['label-bridged-target-section',
+         'section-and-label',
+         'section-and-label'])
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_additional_targets_should_not_be_translated(app):
+    app.build()
+    # [literalblock.txt]
+    result = (app.outdir / 'literalblock.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    # title should be translated
+    expected_expr = 'CODE-BLOCKS'
+    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 2)
+
+    # ruby code block should not be translated but be highlighted
+    expected_expr = """<span class="s1">&#39;result&#39;</span>"""
+    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 1)
+
+    # C code block without lang should not be translated and *ruby* highlighted
+    expected_expr = """<span class="c1">#include &lt;stdlib.h&gt;</span>"""
+    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 1)
+
+    # C code block with lang should not be translated but be *C* highlighted
+    expected_expr = ("""<span class="cp">#include</span>"""
+                     """<span class="w"> </span>"""
+                     """<span class="cpf">&lt;stdio.h&gt;</span>""")
+    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 1)
+
+    # literal block in list item should not be translated
+    expected_expr = ("""<span class="n">literal</span>"""
+                     """<span class="o">-</span>"""
+                     """<span class="n">block</span>\n"""
+                     """<span class="k">in</span>"""
+                     """<span class="w"> </span>"""
+                     """<span class="n">list</span>""")
+    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 1)
+
+    # doctest block should not be translated but be highlighted
+    expected_expr = (
+        """<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>"""
+        """<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">sys</span>  """
+        """<span class="c1"># sys importing</span>""")
+    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 1)
+
+    # [raw.txt]
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'raw.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    # raw block should not be translated
+    expected_expr = """<iframe src="http://sphinx-doc.org"></iframe></section>"""
+    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 1)
+
+    # [figure.txt]
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'figure.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    # src for image block should not be translated (alt is translated)
+    expected_expr = """<img alt="I18N -&gt; IMG" src="_images/i18n.png" />"""
+    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 1)
+
+    # src for figure block should not be translated (alt is translated)
+    expected_expr = """<img alt="IMG -&gt; I18N" src="_images/img.png" />"""
+    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 1)
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'html',
+    srcdir='test_additional_targets_should_be_translated',
+    confoverrides={
+        'language': 'xx', 'locale_dirs': ['.'],
+        'gettext_compact': False,
+        'gettext_additional_targets': [
+            'index',
+            'literal-block',
+            'doctest-block',
+            'raw',
+            'image',
+        ],
+    },
+)
+def test_additional_targets_should_be_translated(app):
+    app.build()
+    # [literalblock.txt]
+    result = (app.outdir / 'literalblock.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    # title should be translated
+    expected_expr = 'CODE-BLOCKS'
+    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 2)
+
+    # ruby code block should be translated and be highlighted
+    expected_expr = """<span class="s1">&#39;RESULT&#39;</span>"""
+    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 1)
+
+    # C code block without lang should be translated and *ruby* highlighted
+    expected_expr = """<span class="c1">#include &lt;STDLIB.H&gt;</span>"""
+    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 1)
+
+    # C code block with lang should be translated and be *C* highlighted
+    expected_expr = ("""<span class="cp">#include</span>"""
+                     """<span class="w"> </span>"""
+                     """<span class="cpf">&lt;STDIO.H&gt;</span>""")
+    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 1)
+
+    # literal block in list item should be translated
+    expected_expr = ("""<span class="no">LITERAL</span>"""
+                     """<span class="o">-</span>"""
+                     """<span class="no">BLOCK</span>\n"""
+                     """<span class="no">IN</span>"""
+                     """<span class="w"> </span>"""
+                     """<span class="no">LIST</span>""")
+    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 1)
+
+    # doctest block should not be translated but be highlighted
+    expected_expr = (
+        """<span class="gp">&gt;&gt;&gt; </span>"""
+        """<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">sys</span>  """
+        """<span class="c1"># SYS IMPORTING</span>""")
+    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 1)
+
+    # '#noqa' should remain in literal blocks.
+    assert_count("#noqa", result, 1)
+
+    # [raw.txt]
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'raw.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    # raw block should be translated
+    expected_expr = """<iframe src="HTTP://SPHINX-DOC.ORG"></iframe></section>"""
+    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 1)
+
+    # [figure.txt]
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'figure.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    # alt and src for image block should be translated
+    expected_expr = """<img alt="I18N -&gt; IMG" src="_images/img.png" />"""
+    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 1)
+
+    # alt and src for figure block should be translated
+    expected_expr = """<img alt="IMG -&gt; I18N" src="_images/i18n.png" />"""
+    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 1)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'html',
+    testroot='intl_substitution_definitions',
+    confoverrides={
+        'language': 'xx', 'locale_dirs': ['.'],
+        'gettext_compact': False,
+        'gettext_additional_targets': [
+            'index',
+            'literal-block',
+            'doctest-block',
+            'raw',
+            'image',
+        ],
+    },
+)
+def test_additional_targets_should_be_translated_substitution_definitions(app):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    # [prolog_epilog_substitution.txt]
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'prolog_epilog_substitution.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    # alt and src for image block should be translated
+    expected_expr = """<img alt="SUBST_PROLOG_2 TRANSLATED" src="_images/i18n.png" />"""
+    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 1)
+
+    # alt and src for image block should be translated
+    expected_expr = """<img alt="SUBST_EPILOG_2 TRANSLATED" src="_images/img.png" />"""
+    assert_count(expected_expr, result, 1)
+
+
+@sphinx_intl
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('text')
+@pytest.mark.test_params(shared_result='test_intl_basic')
+def test_text_references(app, warning):
+    app.builder.build_specific([app.srcdir / 'refs.txt'])
+
+    warnings = warning.getvalue().replace(os.sep, '/')
+    warning_expr = 'refs.txt:\\d+: ERROR: Unknown target name:'
+    assert_count(warning_expr, warnings, 0)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'text',
+    testroot='intl_substitution_definitions',
+    confoverrides={
+        'language': 'xx', 'locale_dirs': ['.'],
+        'gettext_compact': False,
+    },
+)
+def test_text_prolog_epilog_substitution(app):
+    app.build()
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'prolog_epilog_substitution.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    assert result == """\
+1. I18N WITH PROLOGUE AND EPILOGUE SUBSTITUTIONS
+************************************************
+
+THIS IS CONTENT THAT CONTAINS prologue substitute text.
+
+SUBSTITUTED IMAGE [image: SUBST_PROLOG_2 TRANSLATED][image] HERE.
+
+THIS IS CONTENT THAT CONTAINS epilogue substitute text.
+
+SUBSTITUTED IMAGE [image: SUBST_EPILOG_2 TRANSLATED][image] HERE.
+"""
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'dummy', testroot='images',
+    srcdir='test_intl_images',
+    confoverrides={'language': 'xx'},
+)
+def test_image_glob_intl(app):
+    app.build()
+
+    # index.rst
+    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('index')
+    assert_node(doctree[0][1], nodes.image, uri='rimg.xx.png',
+                candidates={'*': 'rimg.xx.png'})
+
+    assert isinstance(doctree[0][2], nodes.figure)
+    assert_node(doctree[0][2][0], nodes.image, uri='rimg.xx.png',
+                candidates={'*': 'rimg.xx.png'})
+
+    assert_node(doctree[0][3], nodes.image, uri='img.*',
+                candidates={'application/pdf': 'img.pdf',
+                            'image/gif': 'img.gif',
+                            'image/png': 'img.png'})
+
+    assert isinstance(doctree[0][4], nodes.figure)
+    assert_node(doctree[0][4][0], nodes.image, uri='img.*',
+                candidates={'application/pdf': 'img.pdf',
+                            'image/gif': 'img.gif',
+                            'image/png': 'img.png'})
+
+    # subdir/index.rst
+    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('subdir/index')
+    assert_node(doctree[0][1], nodes.image, uri='subdir/rimg.xx.png',
+                candidates={'*': 'subdir/rimg.xx.png'})
+
+    assert_node(doctree[0][2], nodes.image, uri='subdir/svgimg.*',
+                candidates={'application/pdf': 'subdir/svgimg.pdf',
+                            'image/svg+xml': 'subdir/svgimg.xx.svg'})
+
+    assert isinstance(doctree[0][3], nodes.figure)
+    assert_node(doctree[0][3][0], nodes.image, uri='subdir/svgimg.*',
+                candidates={'application/pdf': 'subdir/svgimg.pdf',
+                            'image/svg+xml': 'subdir/svgimg.xx.svg'})
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    'dummy', testroot='images',
+    srcdir='test_intl_images',
+    confoverrides={
+        'language': 'xx',
+        'figure_language_filename': '{root}{ext}.{language}',
+    },
+)
+def test_image_glob_intl_using_figure_language_filename(app):
+    app.build()
+
+    # index.rst
+    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('index')
+    assert_node(doctree[0][1], nodes.image, uri='rimg.png.xx',
+                candidates={'*': 'rimg.png.xx'})
+
+    assert isinstance(doctree[0][2], nodes.figure)
+    assert_node(doctree[0][2][0], nodes.image, uri='rimg.png.xx',
+                candidates={'*': 'rimg.png.xx'})
+
+    assert_node(doctree[0][3], nodes.image, uri='img.*',
+                candidates={'application/pdf': 'img.pdf',
+                            'image/gif': 'img.gif',
+                            'image/png': 'img.png'})
+
+    assert isinstance(doctree[0][4], nodes.figure)
+    assert_node(doctree[0][4][0], nodes.image, uri='img.*',
+                candidates={'application/pdf': 'img.pdf',
+                            'image/gif': 'img.gif',
+                            'image/png': 'img.png'})
+
+    # subdir/index.rst
+    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('subdir/index')
+    assert_node(doctree[0][1], nodes.image, uri='subdir/rimg.png',
+                candidates={'*': 'subdir/rimg.png'})
+
+    assert_node(doctree[0][2], nodes.image, uri='subdir/svgimg.*',
+                candidates={'application/pdf': 'subdir/svgimg.pdf',
+                            'image/svg+xml': 'subdir/svgimg.svg'})
+
+    assert isinstance(doctree[0][3], nodes.figure)
+    assert_node(doctree[0][3][0], nodes.image, uri='subdir/svgimg.*',
+                candidates={'application/pdf': 'subdir/svgimg.pdf',
+                            'image/svg+xml': 'subdir/svgimg.svg'})
+
+
+def getwarning(warnings):
+    return strip_escseq(warnings.getvalue().replace(os.sep, '/'))
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic',
+                    srcdir='gettext_allow_fuzzy_translations',
+                    confoverrides={
+                        'language': 'de',
+                        'gettext_allow_fuzzy_translations': True,
+                    })
+def test_gettext_allow_fuzzy_translations(app):
+    locale_dir = app.srcdir / 'locales' / 'de' / 'LC_MESSAGES'
+    locale_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    with (locale_dir / 'index.po').open('wb') as f:
+        catalog = Catalog()
+        catalog.add('features', 'FEATURES', flags=('fuzzy',))
+        pofile.write_po(f, catalog)
+
+    app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert 'FEATURES' in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic',
+                    srcdir='gettext_disallow_fuzzy_translations',
+                    confoverrides={
+                        'language': 'de',
+                        'gettext_allow_fuzzy_translations': False,
+                    })
+def test_gettext_disallow_fuzzy_translations(app):
+    locale_dir = app.srcdir / 'locales' / 'de' / 'LC_MESSAGES'
+    locale_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    with (locale_dir / 'index.po').open('wb') as f:
+        catalog = Catalog()
+        catalog.add('features', 'FEATURES', flags=('fuzzy',))
+        pofile.write_po(f, catalog)
+
+    app.build()
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert 'FEATURES' not in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='basic', confoverrides={'language': 'de'})
+def test_customize_system_message(make_app, app_params, sphinx_test_tempdir):
+    try:
+        # clear translators cache
+        locale.translators.clear()
+
+        # prepare message catalog (.po)
+        locale_dir = sphinx_test_tempdir / 'basic' / 'locales' / 'de' / 'LC_MESSAGES'
+        locale_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        with (locale_dir / 'sphinx.po').open('wb') as f:
+            catalog = Catalog()
+            catalog.add('Quick search', 'QUICK SEARCH')
+            pofile.write_po(f, catalog)
+
+        # construct application and convert po file to .mo
+        args, kwargs = app_params
+        app = make_app(*args, **kwargs)
+        assert (locale_dir / 'sphinx.mo').exists()
+        assert app.translator.gettext('Quick search') == 'QUICK SEARCH'
+
+        app.build()
+        content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+        assert 'QUICK SEARCH' in content
+    finally:
+        locale.translators.clear()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='intl', confoverrides={'today_fmt': '%Y-%m-%d'})
+def test_customize_today_date_format(app, monkeypatch):
+    with monkeypatch.context() as m:
+        m.setenv('SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH', '1439131307')
+        app.build()
+        content = (app.outdir / 'refs.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    assert '2015-08-09' in content
diff --git a/tests/test_locale.py b/tests/test_locale.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..11dd95d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_locale.py
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+"""Test locale."""
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx import locale
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def _cleanup_translations():
+    yield
+    locale.translators.clear()
+
+
+def test_init(rootdir):
+    # not initialized yet
+    _ = locale.get_translation('myext')
+    assert _('Hello world') == 'Hello world'
+    assert _('Hello sphinx') == 'Hello sphinx'
+    assert _('Hello reST') == 'Hello reST'
+
+    # load locale1
+    locale.init([rootdir / 'test-locale' / 'locale1'], 'en', 'myext')
+    _ = locale.get_translation('myext')
+    assert _('Hello world') == 'HELLO WORLD'
+    assert _('Hello sphinx') == 'Hello sphinx'
+    assert _('Hello reST') == 'Hello reST'
+
+    # load a catalog to unrelated namespace
+    locale.init([rootdir / 'test-locale' / 'locale2'], 'en', 'myext', 'mynamespace')
+    _ = locale.get_translation('myext')
+    assert _('Hello world') == 'HELLO WORLD'
+    assert _('Hello sphinx') == 'Hello sphinx'  # nothing changed here
+    assert _('Hello reST') == 'Hello reST'
+
+    # load locale2 in addition
+    locale.init([rootdir / 'test-locale' / 'locale2'], 'en', 'myext')
+    _ = locale.get_translation('myext')
+    assert _('Hello world') == 'HELLO WORLD'
+    assert _('Hello sphinx') == 'HELLO SPHINX'
+    assert _('Hello reST') == 'Hello reST'
+
+
+def test_init_with_unknown_language(rootdir):
+    locale.init([rootdir / 'test-locale' / 'locale1'], 'unknown', 'myext')
+    _ = locale.get_translation('myext')
+    assert _('Hello world') == 'Hello world'
+    assert _('Hello sphinx') == 'Hello sphinx'
+    assert _('Hello reST') == 'Hello reST'
+
+
+def test_add_message_catalog(app, rootdir):
+    app.config.language = 'en'
+    app.add_message_catalog('myext', rootdir / 'test-locale' / 'locale1')
+    _ = locale.get_translation('myext')
+    assert _('Hello world') == 'HELLO WORLD'
+    assert _('Hello sphinx') == 'Hello sphinx'
+    assert _('Hello reST') == 'Hello reST'
+
+
+def _empty_language_translation(rootdir):
+    locale_dirs, catalog = [rootdir / 'test-locale' / 'locale1'], 'myext'
+    locale.translators.clear()
+    locale.init(locale_dirs, language=None, catalog=catalog)
+    return locale.get_translation(catalog)
+
+
+def test_init_environment_language(rootdir, monkeypatch):
+    with monkeypatch.context() as m:
+        m.setenv("LANGUAGE", "en_US:en")
+        _ = _empty_language_translation(rootdir)
+        assert _('Hello world') == 'HELLO WORLD'
+
+    with monkeypatch.context() as m:
+        m.setenv("LANGUAGE", "et_EE:et")
+        _ = _empty_language_translation(rootdir)
+        assert _('Hello world') == 'Tere maailm'
diff --git a/tests/test_markup.py b/tests/test_markup.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d877b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_markup.py
@@ -0,0 +1,619 @@
+"""Test various Sphinx-specific markup extensions."""
+
+import re
+import warnings
+from types import SimpleNamespace
+
+import pytest
+from docutils import frontend, nodes, utils
+from docutils.parsers.rst import Parser as RstParser
+
+from sphinx import addnodes
+from sphinx.builders.html.transforms import KeyboardTransform
+from sphinx.builders.latex import LaTeXBuilder
+from sphinx.environment import default_settings
+from sphinx.roles import XRefRole
+from sphinx.testing.util import assert_node
+from sphinx.transforms import SphinxSmartQuotes
+from sphinx.util import texescape
+from sphinx.util.docutils import sphinx_domains
+from sphinx.writers.html import HTML5Translator, HTMLWriter
+from sphinx.writers.latex import LaTeXTranslator, LaTeXWriter
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def settings(app):
+    texescape.init()  # otherwise done by the latex builder
+    with warnings.catch_warnings():
+        warnings.filterwarnings('ignore', category=DeprecationWarning)
+        # DeprecationWarning: The frontend.OptionParser class will be replaced
+        # by a subclass of argparse.ArgumentParser in Docutils 0.21 or later.
+        optparser = frontend.OptionParser(
+            components=(RstParser, HTMLWriter, LaTeXWriter),
+            defaults=default_settings)
+    settings = optparser.get_default_values()
+    settings.smart_quotes = True
+    settings.env = app.builder.env
+    settings.env.temp_data['docname'] = 'dummy'
+    settings.contentsname = 'dummy'
+    domain_context = sphinx_domains(settings.env)
+    domain_context.enable()
+    yield settings
+    domain_context.disable()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def new_document(settings):
+    def create():
+        document = utils.new_document('test data', settings)
+        document['file'] = 'dummy'
+        return document
+
+    return create
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def inliner(new_document):
+    document = new_document()
+    document.reporter.get_source_and_line = lambda line=1: ('dummy.rst', line)
+    return SimpleNamespace(document=document, reporter=document.reporter)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def parse(new_document):
+    def parse_(rst):
+        document = new_document()
+        parser = RstParser()
+        parser.parse(rst, document)
+        SphinxSmartQuotes(document, startnode=None).apply()
+        for msg in list(document.findall(nodes.system_message)):
+            if msg['level'] == 1:
+                msg.replace_self([])
+        return document
+    return parse_
+
+
+# since we're not resolving the markup afterwards, these nodes may remain
+class ForgivingTranslator:
+    def visit_pending_xref(self, node):
+        pass
+
+    def depart_pending_xref(self, node):
+        pass
+
+
+class ForgivingHTMLTranslator(HTML5Translator, ForgivingTranslator):
+    pass
+
+
+class ForgivingLaTeXTranslator(LaTeXTranslator, ForgivingTranslator):
+    pass
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def verify_re_html(app, parse):
+    def verify(rst, html_expected):
+        document = parse(rst)
+        KeyboardTransform(document).apply()
+        html_translator = ForgivingHTMLTranslator(document, app.builder)
+        document.walkabout(html_translator)
+        html_translated = ''.join(html_translator.fragment).strip()
+        assert re.match(html_expected, html_translated), 'from ' + rst
+    return verify
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def verify_re_latex(app, parse):
+    def verify(rst, latex_expected):
+        document = parse(rst)
+        app.builder = LaTeXBuilder(app, app.env)
+        app.builder.init()
+        theme = app.builder.themes.get('manual')
+        latex_translator = ForgivingLaTeXTranslator(document, app.builder, theme)
+        latex_translator.first_document = -1  # don't write \begin{document}
+        document.walkabout(latex_translator)
+        latex_translated = ''.join(latex_translator.body).strip()
+        assert re.match(latex_expected, latex_translated), 'from ' + repr(rst)
+    return verify
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def verify_re(verify_re_html, verify_re_latex):
+    def verify_re_(rst, html_expected, latex_expected):
+        if html_expected:
+            verify_re_html(rst, html_expected)
+        if latex_expected:
+            verify_re_latex(rst, latex_expected)
+    return verify_re_
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def verify(verify_re_html, verify_re_latex):
+    def verify_(rst, html_expected, latex_expected):
+        if html_expected:
+            verify_re_html(rst, re.escape(html_expected) + '$')
+        if latex_expected:
+            verify_re_latex(rst, re.escape(latex_expected) + '$')
+    return verify_
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def get_verifier(verify, verify_re):
+    v = {
+        'verify': verify,
+        'verify_re': verify_re,
+    }
+
+    def get(name):
+        return v[name]
+    return get
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(('type', 'rst', 'html_expected', 'latex_expected'), [
+    (
+        # pep role
+        'verify',
+        ':pep:`8`',
+        ('<p><span class="target" id="index-0"></span><a class="pep reference external" '
+         'href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0008/"><strong>PEP 8</strong></a></p>'),
+        ('\\sphinxAtStartPar\n'
+         '\\index{Python Enhancement Proposals@\\spxentry{Python Enhancement Proposals}'
+         '!PEP 8@\\spxentry{PEP 8}}\\sphinxhref{https://peps.python.org/pep-0008/}'
+         '{\\sphinxstylestrong{PEP 8}}'),
+    ),
+    (
+        # pep role with anchor
+        'verify',
+        ':pep:`8#id1`',
+        ('<p><span class="target" id="index-0"></span><a class="pep reference external" '
+         'href="https://peps.python.org/pep-0008/#id1">'
+         '<strong>PEP 8#id1</strong></a></p>'),
+        ('\\sphinxAtStartPar\n'
+         '\\index{Python Enhancement Proposals@\\spxentry{Python Enhancement Proposals}'
+         '!PEP 8\\#id1@\\spxentry{PEP 8\\#id1}}\\sphinxhref'
+         '{https://peps.python.org/pep-0008/\\#id1}'
+         '{\\sphinxstylestrong{PEP 8\\#id1}}'),
+    ),
+    (
+        # rfc role
+        'verify',
+        ':rfc:`2324`',
+        ('<p><span class="target" id="index-0"></span><a class="rfc reference external" '
+         'href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2324.html"><strong>RFC 2324</strong></a></p>'),
+        ('\\sphinxAtStartPar\n'
+         '\\index{RFC@\\spxentry{RFC}!RFC 2324@\\spxentry{RFC 2324}}'
+         '\\sphinxhref{https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2324.html}'
+         '{\\sphinxstylestrong{RFC 2324}}'),
+    ),
+    (
+        # rfc role with anchor
+        'verify',
+        ':rfc:`2324#id1`',
+        ('<p><span class="target" id="index-0"></span><a class="rfc reference external" '
+         'href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2324.html#id1">'
+         '<strong>RFC 2324#id1</strong></a></p>'),
+        ('\\sphinxAtStartPar\n'
+         '\\index{RFC@\\spxentry{RFC}!RFC 2324\\#id1@\\spxentry{RFC 2324\\#id1}}'
+         '\\sphinxhref{https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2324.html\\#id1}'
+         '{\\sphinxstylestrong{RFC 2324\\#id1}}'),
+    ),
+    (
+        # correct interpretation of code with whitespace
+        'verify_re',
+        '``code   sample``',
+        ('<p><code class="(samp )?docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'
+         'code</span>&#160;&#160; <span class="pre">sample</span></code></p>'),
+        r'\\sphinxAtStartPar\n\\sphinxcode{\\sphinxupquote{code   sample}}',
+    ),
+    (
+        # interpolation of arrows in menuselection
+        'verify',
+        ':menuselection:`a --> b`',
+        ('<p><span class="menuselection">a \N{TRIANGULAR BULLET} b</span></p>'),
+        '\\sphinxAtStartPar\n\\sphinxmenuselection{a \\(\\rightarrow\\) b}',
+    ),
+    (
+        # interpolation of ampersands in menuselection
+        'verify',
+        ':menuselection:`&Foo -&&- &Bar`',
+        ('<p><span class="menuselection"><span class="accelerator">F</span>oo '
+         '-&amp;- <span class="accelerator">B</span>ar</span></p>'),
+        ('\\sphinxAtStartPar\n'
+         r'\sphinxmenuselection{\sphinxaccelerator{F}oo \sphinxhyphen{}'
+         r'\&\sphinxhyphen{} \sphinxaccelerator{B}ar}'),
+    ),
+    (
+        # interpolation of ampersands in guilabel
+        'verify',
+        ':guilabel:`&Foo -&&- &Bar`',
+        ('<p><span class="guilabel"><span class="accelerator">F</span>oo '
+         '-&amp;- <span class="accelerator">B</span>ar</span></p>'),
+        ('\\sphinxAtStartPar\n'
+         r'\sphinxguilabel{\sphinxaccelerator{F}oo \sphinxhyphen{}\&\sphinxhyphen{} \sphinxaccelerator{B}ar}'),
+    ),
+    (
+        # no ampersands in guilabel
+        'verify',
+        ':guilabel:`Foo`',
+        '<p><span class="guilabel">Foo</span></p>',
+        '\\sphinxAtStartPar\n\\sphinxguilabel{Foo}',
+    ),
+    (
+        # kbd role
+        'verify',
+        ':kbd:`space`',
+        '<p><kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">space</kbd></p>',
+        '\\sphinxAtStartPar\n\\sphinxkeyboard{\\sphinxupquote{space}}',
+    ),
+    (
+        # kbd role
+        'verify',
+        ':kbd:`Control+X`',
+        ('<p><kbd class="kbd compound docutils literal notranslate">'
+         '<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">Control</kbd>'
+         '+'
+         '<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">X</kbd>'
+         '</kbd></p>'),
+        '\\sphinxAtStartPar\n\\sphinxkeyboard{\\sphinxupquote{Control+X}}',
+    ),
+    (
+        # kbd role
+        'verify',
+        ':kbd:`Alt+^`',
+        ('<p><kbd class="kbd compound docutils literal notranslate">'
+         '<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">Alt</kbd>'
+         '+'
+         '<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">^</kbd>'
+         '</kbd></p>'),
+        ('\\sphinxAtStartPar\n'
+         '\\sphinxkeyboard{\\sphinxupquote{Alt+\\textasciicircum{}}}'),
+    ),
+    (
+        # kbd role
+        'verify',
+        ':kbd:`M-x  M-s`',
+        ('<p><kbd class="kbd compound docutils literal notranslate">'
+         '<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">M</kbd>'
+         '-'
+         '<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">x</kbd>'
+         '  '
+         '<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">M</kbd>'
+         '-'
+         '<kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">s</kbd>'
+         '</kbd></p>'),
+        ('\\sphinxAtStartPar\n'
+         '\\sphinxkeyboard{\\sphinxupquote{M\\sphinxhyphen{}x  M\\sphinxhyphen{}s}}'),
+    ),
+    (
+        # kbd role
+        'verify',
+        ':kbd:`-`',
+        '<p><kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">-</kbd></p>',
+        ('\\sphinxAtStartPar\n'
+         '\\sphinxkeyboard{\\sphinxupquote{\\sphinxhyphen{}}}'),
+    ),
+    (
+        # kbd role
+        'verify',
+        ':kbd:`Caps Lock`',
+        '<p><kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">Caps Lock</kbd></p>',
+        ('\\sphinxAtStartPar\n'
+         '\\sphinxkeyboard{\\sphinxupquote{Caps Lock}}'),
+    ),
+    (
+        # kbd role
+        'verify',
+        ':kbd:`sys   rq`',
+        '<p><kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">sys   rq</kbd></p>',
+        ('\\sphinxAtStartPar\n'
+         '\\sphinxkeyboard{\\sphinxupquote{sys   rq}}'),
+    ),
+    (
+        # non-interpolation of dashes in option role
+        'verify_re',
+        ':option:`--with-option`',
+        ('<p><code( class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate")?>'
+         '<span class="pre">--with-option</span></code></p>$'),
+        (r'\\sphinxAtStartPar\n'
+         r'\\sphinxcode{\\sphinxupquote{\\sphinxhyphen{}\\sphinxhyphen{}with\\sphinxhyphen{}option}}$'),
+    ),
+    (
+        # verify smarty-pants quotes
+        'verify',
+        '"John"',
+        '<p>“John”</p>',
+        "\\sphinxAtStartPar\n“John”",
+    ),
+    (
+        # ... but not in literal text
+        'verify',
+        '``"John"``',
+        ('<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'
+         '&quot;John&quot;</span></code></p>'),
+        '\\sphinxAtStartPar\n\\sphinxcode{\\sphinxupquote{"John"}}',
+    ),
+    (
+        # verify classes for inline roles
+        'verify',
+        ':manpage:`mp(1)`',
+        '<p><em class="manpage">mp(1)</em></p>',
+        '\\sphinxAtStartPar\n\\sphinxstyleliteralemphasis{\\sphinxupquote{mp(1)}}',
+    ),
+    (
+        # correct escaping in normal mode
+        'verify',
+        'Γ\\\\∞$',
+        None,
+        '\\sphinxAtStartPar\nΓ\\textbackslash{}\\(\\infty\\)\\$',
+    ),
+    (
+        # in verbatim code fragments
+        'verify',
+        '::\n\n @Γ\\∞${}',
+        None,
+        ('\\begin{sphinxVerbatim}[commandchars=\\\\\\{\\}]\n'
+         '@Γ\\PYGZbs{}\\(\\infty\\)\\PYGZdl{}\\PYGZob{}\\PYGZcb{}\n'
+         '\\end{sphinxVerbatim}'),
+    ),
+    (
+        # in URIs
+        'verify_re',
+        '`test <https://www.google.com/~me/>`_',
+        None,
+        r'\\sphinxAtStartPar\n\\sphinxhref{https://www.google.com/~me/}{test}.*',
+    ),
+    (
+        # description list: simple
+        'verify',
+        'term\n    description',
+        '<dl class="simple">\n<dt>term</dt><dd><p>description</p>\n</dd>\n</dl>',
+        None,
+    ),
+    (
+        # description list: with classifiers
+        'verify',
+        'term : class1 : class2\n    description',
+        ('<dl class="simple">\n<dt>term<span class="classifier">class1</span>'
+         '<span class="classifier">class2</span></dt><dd><p>description</p>\n</dd>\n</dl>'),
+        None,
+    ),
+    (
+        # glossary (description list): multiple terms
+        'verify',
+        '.. glossary::\n\n   term1\n   term2\n       description',
+        ('<dl class="simple glossary">\n'
+         '<dt id="term-term1">term1<a class="headerlink" href="#term-term1"'
+         ' title="Link to this term">¶</a></dt>'
+         '<dt id="term-term2">term2<a class="headerlink" href="#term-term2"'
+         ' title="Link to this term">¶</a></dt>'
+         '<dd><p>description</p>\n</dd>\n</dl>'),
+        None,
+    ),
+])
+def test_inline(get_verifier, type, rst, html_expected, latex_expected):
+    verifier = get_verifier(type)
+    verifier(rst, html_expected, latex_expected)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(('type', 'rst', 'html_expected', 'latex_expected'), [
+    (
+        'verify',
+        r'4 backslashes \\\\',
+        r'<p>4 backslashes \\</p>',
+        None,
+    ),
+])
+def test_inline_docutils16(get_verifier, type, rst, html_expected, latex_expected):
+    verifier = get_verifier(type)
+    verifier(rst, html_expected, latex_expected)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(confoverrides={'latex_engine': 'xelatex'})
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(('type', 'rst', 'html_expected', 'latex_expected'), [
+    (
+        # in verbatim code fragments
+        'verify',
+        '::\n\n @Γ\\∞${}',
+        None,
+        ('\\begin{sphinxVerbatim}[commandchars=\\\\\\{\\}]\n'
+         '@Γ\\PYGZbs{}∞\\PYGZdl{}\\PYGZob{}\\PYGZcb{}\n'
+         '\\end{sphinxVerbatim}'),
+    ),
+])
+def test_inline_for_unicode_latex_engine(get_verifier, type, rst,
+                                         html_expected, latex_expected):
+    verifier = get_verifier(type)
+    verifier(rst, html_expected, latex_expected)
+
+
+def test_samp_role(parse):
+    # no braces
+    text = ':samp:`a{b}c`'
+    doctree = parse(text)
+    assert_node(doctree[0], [nodes.paragraph, nodes.literal, ("a",
+                                                              [nodes.emphasis, "b"],
+                                                              "c")])
+    # nested braces
+    text = ':samp:`a{{b}}c`'
+    doctree = parse(text)
+    assert_node(doctree[0], [nodes.paragraph, nodes.literal, ("a",
+                                                              [nodes.emphasis, "{b"],
+                                                              "}c")])
+
+    # half-opened braces
+    text = ':samp:`a{bc`'
+    doctree = parse(text)
+    assert_node(doctree[0], [nodes.paragraph, nodes.literal, "a{bc"])
+
+    # escaped braces
+    text = ':samp:`a\\\\{b}c`'
+    doctree = parse(text)
+    assert_node(doctree[0], [nodes.paragraph, nodes.literal, "a{b}c"])
+
+    # no braces (whitespaces are keeped as is)
+    text = ':samp:`code   sample`'
+    doctree = parse(text)
+    assert_node(doctree[0], [nodes.paragraph, nodes.literal, "code   sample"])
+
+
+def test_download_role(parse):
+    # implicit
+    text = ':download:`sphinx.rst`'
+    doctree = parse(text)
+    assert_node(doctree[0], [nodes.paragraph, addnodes.download_reference,
+                             nodes.literal, "sphinx.rst"])
+    assert_node(doctree[0][0], refdoc='dummy', refdomain='', reftype='download',
+                refexplicit=False, reftarget='sphinx.rst', refwarn=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[0][0][0], classes=['xref', 'download'])
+
+    # explicit
+    text = ':download:`reftitle <sphinx.rst>`'
+    doctree = parse(text)
+    assert_node(doctree[0], [nodes.paragraph, addnodes.download_reference,
+                             nodes.literal, "reftitle"])
+    assert_node(doctree[0][0], refdoc='dummy', refdomain='', reftype='download',
+                refexplicit=True, reftarget='sphinx.rst', refwarn=False)
+    assert_node(doctree[0][0][0], classes=['xref', 'download'])
+
+
+def test_XRefRole(inliner):
+    role = XRefRole()
+
+    # implicit
+    doctrees, errors = role('ref', 'rawtext', 'text', 5, inliner, {}, [])
+    assert len(doctrees) == 1
+    assert_node(doctrees[0], [addnodes.pending_xref, nodes.literal, 'text'])
+    assert_node(doctrees[0], refdoc='dummy', refdomain='', reftype='ref', reftarget='text',
+                refexplicit=False, refwarn=False)
+    assert errors == []
+
+    # explicit
+    doctrees, errors = role('ref', 'rawtext', 'title <target>', 5, inliner, {}, [])
+    assert_node(doctrees[0], [addnodes.pending_xref, nodes.literal, 'title'])
+    assert_node(doctrees[0], refdoc='dummy', refdomain='', reftype='ref', reftarget='target',
+                refexplicit=True, refwarn=False)
+
+    # bang
+    doctrees, errors = role('ref', 'rawtext', '!title <target>', 5, inliner, {}, [])
+    assert_node(doctrees[0], [nodes.literal, 'title <target>'])
+
+    # refdomain
+    doctrees, errors = role('test:doc', 'rawtext', 'text', 5, inliner, {}, [])
+    assert_node(doctrees[0], [addnodes.pending_xref, nodes.literal, 'text'])
+    assert_node(doctrees[0], refdoc='dummy', refdomain='test', reftype='doc', reftarget='text',
+                refexplicit=False, refwarn=False)
+
+    # fix_parens
+    role = XRefRole(fix_parens=True)
+    doctrees, errors = role('ref', 'rawtext', 'text()', 5, inliner, {}, [])
+    assert_node(doctrees[0], [addnodes.pending_xref, nodes.literal, 'text()'])
+    assert_node(doctrees[0], refdoc='dummy', refdomain='', reftype='ref', reftarget='text',
+                refexplicit=False, refwarn=False)
+
+    # lowercase
+    role = XRefRole(lowercase=True)
+    doctrees, errors = role('ref', 'rawtext', 'TEXT', 5, inliner, {}, [])
+    assert_node(doctrees[0], [addnodes.pending_xref, nodes.literal, 'TEXT'])
+    assert_node(doctrees[0], refdoc='dummy', refdomain='', reftype='ref', reftarget='text',
+                refexplicit=False, refwarn=False)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='prolog')
+def test_rst_prolog(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    rst = app.env.get_doctree('restructuredtext')
+    md = app.env.get_doctree('markdown')
+
+    # rst_prolog
+    assert_node(rst[0], nodes.paragraph)
+    assert_node(rst[0][0], nodes.emphasis)
+    assert_node(rst[0][0][0], nodes.Text)
+    assert rst[0][0][0] == 'Hello world'
+
+    # rst_epilog
+    assert_node(rst[-1], nodes.section)
+    assert_node(rst[-1][-1], nodes.paragraph)
+    assert_node(rst[-1][-1][0], nodes.emphasis)
+    assert_node(rst[-1][-1][0][0], nodes.Text)
+    assert rst[-1][-1][0][0] == 'Good-bye world'
+
+    # rst_prolog & rst_epilog on exlucding reST parser
+    assert not md.rawsource.startswith('*Hello world*.')
+    assert not md.rawsource.endswith('*Good-bye world*.\n')
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='keep_warnings')
+def test_keep_warnings_is_True(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('index')
+    assert_node(doctree[0], nodes.section)
+    assert len(doctree[0]) == 2
+    assert_node(doctree[0][1], nodes.system_message)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='keep_warnings',
+                    confoverrides={'keep_warnings': False})
+def test_keep_warnings_is_False(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('index')
+    assert_node(doctree[0], nodes.section)
+    assert len(doctree[0]) == 1
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='refonly_bullet_list')
+def test_compact_refonly_bullet_list(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('index')
+    assert_node(doctree[0], nodes.section)
+    assert len(doctree[0]) == 5
+
+    assert doctree[0][1].astext() == 'List A:'
+    assert_node(doctree[0][2], nodes.bullet_list)
+    assert_node(doctree[0][2][0][0], addnodes.compact_paragraph)
+    assert doctree[0][2][0][0].astext() == 'genindex'
+
+    assert doctree[0][3].astext() == 'List B:'
+    assert_node(doctree[0][4], nodes.bullet_list)
+    assert_node(doctree[0][4][0][0], nodes.paragraph)
+    assert doctree[0][4][0][0].astext() == 'Hello'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='default_role')
+def test_default_role1(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    # default-role: pep
+    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('index')
+    assert_node(doctree[0], nodes.section)
+    assert_node(doctree[0][1], nodes.paragraph)
+    assert_node(doctree[0][1][0], addnodes.index)
+    assert_node(doctree[0][1][1], nodes.target)
+    assert_node(doctree[0][1][2], nodes.reference, classes=["pep"])
+
+    # no default-role
+    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('foo')
+    assert_node(doctree[0], nodes.section)
+    assert_node(doctree[0][1], nodes.paragraph)
+    assert_node(doctree[0][1][0], nodes.title_reference)
+    assert_node(doctree[0][1][1], nodes.Text)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='default_role',
+                    confoverrides={'default_role': 'guilabel'})
+def test_default_role2(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+
+    # default-role directive is stronger than configratuion
+    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('index')
+    assert_node(doctree[0], nodes.section)
+    assert_node(doctree[0][1], nodes.paragraph)
+    assert_node(doctree[0][1][0], addnodes.index)
+    assert_node(doctree[0][1][1], nodes.target)
+    assert_node(doctree[0][1][2], nodes.reference, classes=["pep"])
+
+    # default_role changes the default behavior
+    doctree = app.env.get_doctree('foo')
+    assert_node(doctree[0], nodes.section)
+    assert_node(doctree[0][1], nodes.paragraph)
+    assert_node(doctree[0][1][0], nodes.inline, classes=["guilabel"])
+    assert_node(doctree[0][1][1], nodes.Text)
diff --git a/tests/test_metadata.py b/tests/test_metadata.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7f31997
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_metadata.py
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+"""Test our handling of metadata in files with bibliographic metadata."""
+
+# adapted from an example of bibliographic metadata at
+# https://docutils.sourceforge.io/docs/user/rst/demo.txt
+
+import pytest
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy', testroot='metadata')
+def test_docinfo(app, status, warning):
+    """
+    Inspect the 'docinfo' metadata stored in the first node of the document.
+    Note this doesn't give us access to data stored in subsequence blocks
+    that might be considered document metadata, such as 'abstract' or
+    'dedication' blocks, or the 'meta' role. Doing otherwise is probably more
+    messing with the internals of sphinx than this rare use case merits.
+    """
+    app.build()
+    expecteddocinfo = {
+        'author': 'David Goodger',
+        'authors': ['Me', 'Myself', 'I'],
+        'address': '123 Example Street\nExample, EX  Canada\nA1B 2C3',
+        'field name': 'This is a generic bibliographic field.',
+        'field name 2': ('Generic bibliographic fields may contain multiple '
+                         'body elements.\n\nLike this.'),
+        'status': 'This is a “work in progress”',
+        'version': '1',
+        'copyright': ('This document has been placed in the public domain. '
+                      'You\nmay do with it as you wish. You may copy, modify,'
+                      '\nredistribute, reattribute, sell, buy, rent, lease,\n'
+                      'destroy, or improve it, quote it at length, excerpt,\n'
+                      'incorporate, collate, fold, staple, or mutilate it, or '
+                      'do\nanything else to it that your or anyone else’s '
+                      'heart\ndesires.'),
+        'contact': 'goodger@python.org',
+        'date': '2006-05-21',
+        'organization': 'humankind',
+        'revision': '4564',
+        'tocdepth': 1,
+        'orphan': '',
+        'nocomments': '',
+    }
+    assert app.env.metadata['index'] == expecteddocinfo
diff --git a/tests/test_parser.py b/tests/test_parser.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..86163c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_parser.py
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+"""Tests parsers module."""
+
+from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx.parsers import RSTParser
+from sphinx.util.docutils import new_document
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='basic')
+@patch('docutils.parsers.rst.states.RSTStateMachine')
+def test_RSTParser_prolog_epilog(RSTStateMachine, app):
+    document = new_document('dummy.rst')
+    document.settings = Mock(tab_width=8, language_code='')
+    parser = RSTParser()
+    parser.set_application(app)
+
+    # normal case
+    text = ('hello Sphinx world\n'
+            'Sphinx is a document generator')
+    parser.parse(text, document)
+    (content, _), _ = RSTStateMachine().run.call_args
+
+    assert list(content.xitems()) == [('dummy.rst', 0, 'hello Sphinx world'),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 1, 'Sphinx is a document generator')]
+
+    # with rst_prolog
+    app.env.config.rst_prolog = 'this is rst_prolog\nhello reST!'
+    parser.parse(text, document)
+    (content, _), _ = RSTStateMachine().run.call_args
+    assert list(content.xitems()) == [('<rst_prolog>', 0, 'this is rst_prolog'),
+                                      ('<rst_prolog>', 1, 'hello reST!'),
+                                      ('<generated>', 0, ''),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 0, 'hello Sphinx world'),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 1, 'Sphinx is a document generator')]
+
+    # with rst_epilog
+    app.env.config.rst_prolog = None
+    app.env.config.rst_epilog = 'this is rst_epilog\ngood-bye reST!'
+    parser.parse(text, document)
+    (content, _), _ = RSTStateMachine().run.call_args
+    assert list(content.xitems()) == [('dummy.rst', 0, 'hello Sphinx world'),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 1, 'Sphinx is a document generator'),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 2, ''),
+                                      ('<rst_epilog>', 0, 'this is rst_epilog'),
+                                      ('<rst_epilog>', 1, 'good-bye reST!')]
+
+    # expandtabs / convert whitespaces
+    app.env.config.rst_prolog = None
+    app.env.config.rst_epilog = None
+    text = ('\thello Sphinx world\n'
+            '\v\fSphinx is a document generator')
+    parser.parse(text, document)
+    (content, _), _ = RSTStateMachine().run.call_args
+    assert list(content.xitems()) == [('dummy.rst', 0, '        hello Sphinx world'),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 1, '  Sphinx is a document generator')]
diff --git a/tests/test_project.py b/tests/test_project.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..45ae7c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_project.py
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+"""Tests project module."""
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx.project import Project
+
+DOCNAMES = {'autodoc', 'bom', 'extapi', 'extensions', 'footnote', 'images',
+            'includes', 'index', 'lists', 'markup', 'math', 'objects',
+            'subdir/excluded', 'subdir/images', 'subdir/includes'}
+SUBDIR_DOCNAMES = {'subdir/excluded', 'subdir/images', 'subdir/includes'}
+
+
+def test_project_discover_basic(rootdir):
+    # basic case
+    project = Project(rootdir / 'test-root', ['.txt'])
+    assert project.discover() == DOCNAMES
+
+
+def test_project_discover_exclude_patterns(rootdir):
+    project = Project(rootdir / 'test-root', ['.txt'])
+
+    # exclude_paths option
+    assert project.discover(['subdir/*']) == DOCNAMES - SUBDIR_DOCNAMES
+    assert project.discover(['.txt', 'subdir/*']) == DOCNAMES - SUBDIR_DOCNAMES
+
+
+def test_project_discover_multiple_suffixes(rootdir):
+    # multiple source_suffixes
+    project = Project(rootdir / 'test-root', ['.txt', '.foo'])
+    assert project.discover() == DOCNAMES | {'otherext'}
+
+
+def test_project_discover_complicated_suffix(rootdir):
+    # complicated source_suffix
+    project = Project(rootdir / 'test-root', ['.foo.png'])
+    assert project.discover() == {'img'}
+
+
+def test_project_discover_templates_path(rootdir):
+    # templates_path
+    project = Project(rootdir / 'test-root', ['.html'])
+    assert project.discover() == {'_templates/layout',
+                                  '_templates/customsb',
+                                  '_templates/contentssb'}
+
+    assert project.discover(['_templates']) == set()
+
+
+def test_project_path2doc(rootdir):
+    project = Project(rootdir / 'test-basic', {'.rst': 'restructuredtext'})
+    assert project.path2doc('index.rst') == 'index'
+    assert project.path2doc('index.foo') is None  # unknown extension
+    assert project.path2doc('index.foo.rst') == 'index.foo'
+    assert project.path2doc('index') is None
+    assert project.path2doc('path/to/index.rst') == 'path/to/index'
+    assert project.path2doc(rootdir / 'test-basic' / 'to/index.rst') == 'to/index'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(srcdir='project_doc2path', testroot='basic')
+def test_project_doc2path(app):
+    source_suffix = {'.rst': 'restructuredtext', '.txt': 'restructuredtext'}
+
+    project = Project(app.srcdir, source_suffix)
+    project.discover()
+
+    # absolute path
+    assert project.doc2path('index', absolute=True) == str(app.srcdir / 'index.rst')
+
+    # relative path
+    assert project.doc2path('index', absolute=False) == 'index.rst'
+
+    # first source_suffix is used for missing file
+    assert project.doc2path('foo', absolute=False) == 'foo.rst'
+
+    # matched source_suffix is used if exists
+    (app.srcdir / 'bar.txt').touch()
+    project.discover()
+    assert project.doc2path('bar', absolute=False) == 'bar.txt'
diff --git a/tests/test_pycode.py b/tests/test_pycode.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5739787
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_pycode.py
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+"""Test pycode."""
+
+import os
+import sys
+
+import pytest
+
+import sphinx
+from sphinx.errors import PycodeError
+from sphinx.pycode import ModuleAnalyzer
+
+SPHINX_MODULE_PATH = os.path.splitext(sphinx.__file__)[0] + '.py'
+
+
+def test_ModuleAnalyzer_get_module_source():
+    assert ModuleAnalyzer.get_module_source('sphinx') == (sphinx.__file__, sphinx.__loader__.get_source('sphinx'))
+
+    # failed to obtain source information from builtin modules
+    with pytest.raises(PycodeError):
+        ModuleAnalyzer.get_module_source('builtins')
+    with pytest.raises(PycodeError):
+        ModuleAnalyzer.get_module_source('itertools')
+
+
+def test_ModuleAnalyzer_for_string():
+    analyzer = ModuleAnalyzer.for_string('print("Hello world")', 'module_name')
+    assert analyzer.modname == 'module_name'
+    assert analyzer.srcname == '<string>'
+
+
+def test_ModuleAnalyzer_for_file():
+    analyzer = ModuleAnalyzer.for_string(SPHINX_MODULE_PATH, 'sphinx')
+    assert analyzer.modname == 'sphinx'
+    assert analyzer.srcname == '<string>'
+
+
+def test_ModuleAnalyzer_for_module(rootdir):
+    analyzer = ModuleAnalyzer.for_module('sphinx')
+    assert analyzer.modname == 'sphinx'
+    assert analyzer.srcname in (SPHINX_MODULE_PATH,
+                                os.path.abspath(SPHINX_MODULE_PATH))
+
+    path = str(rootdir / 'test-pycode')
+    sys.path.insert(0, path)
+    try:
+        analyzer = ModuleAnalyzer.for_module('cp_1251_coded')
+        docs = analyzer.find_attr_docs()
+        assert docs == {('', 'X'): ['It MUST look like X="\u0425"', '']}
+    finally:
+        sys.path.pop(0)
+
+
+def test_ModuleAnalyzer_find_tags():
+    code = ('class Foo(object):\n'  # line: 1
+            '    """class Foo!"""\n'
+            '    def __init__(self):\n'
+            '       pass\n'
+            '\n'
+            '    def bar(self, arg1, arg2=True, *args, **kwargs):\n'
+            '       """method Foo.bar"""\n'
+            '       pass\n'
+            '\n'
+            '    class Baz(object):\n'
+            '       def __init__(self):\n'  # line: 11
+            '           pass\n'
+            '\n'
+            'def qux():\n'
+            '   """function baz"""\n'
+            '   pass\n'
+            '\n'
+            '@decorator1\n'
+            '@decorator2\n'
+            'def quux():\n'
+            '   pass\n'  # line: 21
+            '\n'
+            'class Corge(object):\n'
+            '    @decorator1\n'
+            '    @decorator2\n'
+            '    def grault(self):\n'
+            '        pass\n')
+    analyzer = ModuleAnalyzer.for_string(code, 'module')
+    tags = analyzer.find_tags()
+    assert set(tags.keys()) == {'Foo', 'Foo.__init__', 'Foo.bar',
+                                'Foo.Baz', 'Foo.Baz.__init__', 'qux', 'quux',
+                                'Corge', 'Corge.grault'}
+    assert tags['Foo'] == ('class', 1, 12)  # type, start, end
+    assert tags['Foo.__init__'] == ('def', 3, 4)
+    assert tags['Foo.bar'] == ('def', 6, 8)
+    assert tags['Foo.Baz'] == ('class', 10, 12)
+    assert tags['Foo.Baz.__init__'] == ('def', 11, 12)
+    assert tags['qux'] == ('def', 14, 16)
+    assert tags['quux'] == ('def', 18, 21)
+    assert tags['Corge'] == ('class', 23, 27)
+    assert tags['Corge.grault'] == ('def', 24, 27)
+
+
+def test_ModuleAnalyzer_find_attr_docs():
+    code = ('class Foo(object):\n'
+            '    """class Foo!"""\n'
+            '    #: comment before attr1\n'
+            '    attr1 = None\n'
+            '    attr2 = None  # attribute comment for attr2 (without colon)\n'
+            '    attr3 = None  #: attribute comment for attr3\n'
+            '    attr4 = None  #: long attribute comment\n'
+            '                  #: for attr4\n'
+            '    #: comment before attr5\n'
+            '    attr5 = None  #: attribute comment for attr5\n'
+            '    attr6, attr7 = 1, 2  #: this comment is ignored\n'
+            '\n'
+            '    def __init__(self):\n'
+            '       self.attr8 = None  #: first attribute comment (ignored)\n'
+            '       self.attr8 = None  #: attribute comment for attr8\n'
+            '       #: comment before attr9\n'
+            '       self.attr9 = None  #: comment after attr9\n'
+            '       "string after attr9"\n'
+            '\n'
+            '    def bar(self, arg1, arg2=True, *args, **kwargs):\n'
+            '       """method Foo.bar"""\n'
+            '       pass\n'
+            '\n'
+            'def baz():\n'
+            '   """function baz"""\n'
+            '   pass\n'
+            '\n'
+            'class Qux: attr1 = 1; attr2 = 2')
+    analyzer = ModuleAnalyzer.for_string(code, 'module')
+    docs = analyzer.find_attr_docs()
+    assert set(docs) == {('Foo', 'attr1'),
+                         ('Foo', 'attr3'),
+                         ('Foo', 'attr4'),
+                         ('Foo', 'attr5'),
+                         ('Foo', 'attr6'),
+                         ('Foo', 'attr7'),
+                         ('Foo', 'attr8'),
+                         ('Foo', 'attr9')}
+    assert docs[('Foo', 'attr1')] == ['comment before attr1', '']
+    assert docs[('Foo', 'attr3')] == ['attribute comment for attr3', '']
+    assert docs[('Foo', 'attr4')] == ['long attribute comment', '']
+    assert docs[('Foo', 'attr4')] == ['long attribute comment', '']
+    assert docs[('Foo', 'attr5')] == ['attribute comment for attr5', '']
+    assert docs[('Foo', 'attr6')] == ['this comment is ignored', '']
+    assert docs[('Foo', 'attr7')] == ['this comment is ignored', '']
+    assert docs[('Foo', 'attr8')] == ['attribute comment for attr8', '']
+    assert docs[('Foo', 'attr9')] == ['string after attr9', '']
+    assert analyzer.tagorder == {'Foo': 0,
+                                 'Foo.__init__': 8,
+                                 'Foo.attr1': 1,
+                                 'Foo.attr2': 2,
+                                 'Foo.attr3': 3,
+                                 'Foo.attr4': 4,
+                                 'Foo.attr5': 5,
+                                 'Foo.attr6': 6,
+                                 'Foo.attr7': 7,
+                                 'Foo.attr8': 10,
+                                 'Foo.attr9': 12,
+                                 'Foo.bar': 13,
+                                 'baz': 14,
+                                 'Qux': 15,
+                                 'Qux.attr1': 16,
+                                 'Qux.attr2': 17}
+
+
+def test_ModuleAnalyzer_find_attr_docs_for_posonlyargs_method():
+    code = ('class Foo(object):\n'
+            '    def __init__(self, /):\n'
+            '       self.attr = None  #: attribute comment\n')
+    analyzer = ModuleAnalyzer.for_string(code, 'module')
+    docs = analyzer.find_attr_docs()
+    assert set(docs) == {('Foo', 'attr')}
+    assert docs[('Foo', 'attr')] == ['attribute comment', '']
+    assert analyzer.tagorder == {'Foo': 0,
+                                 'Foo.__init__': 1,
+                                 'Foo.attr': 2}
diff --git a/tests/test_pycode_ast.py b/tests/test_pycode_ast.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5efd0cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_pycode_ast.py
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+"""Test pycode.ast"""
+
+import ast
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx.pycode.ast import unparse as ast_unparse
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(('source', 'expected'), [
+    ("a + b", "a + b"),                         # Add
+    ("a and b", "a and b"),                     # And
+    ("os.path", "os.path"),                     # Attribute
+    ("1 * 2", "1 * 2"),                         # BinOp
+    ("a & b", "a & b"),                         # BitAnd
+    ("a | b", "a | b"),                         # BitOr
+    ("a ^ b", "a ^ b"),                         # BitXor
+    ("a and b and c", "a and b and c"),         # BoolOp
+    ("b'bytes'", "b'bytes'"),                   # Bytes
+    ("object()", "object()"),                   # Call
+    ("1234", "1234"),                           # Constant
+    ("{'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}",
+     "{'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}"),   # Dict
+    ("a / b", "a / b"),                         # Div
+    ("...", "..."),                             # Ellipsis
+    ("a // b", "a // b"),                       # FloorDiv
+    ("Tuple[int, int]", "Tuple[int, int]"),     # Index, Subscript
+    ("~1", "~1"),                               # Invert
+    ("lambda x, y: x + y",
+     "lambda x, y: ..."),                       # Lambda
+    ("[1, 2, 3]", "[1, 2, 3]"),                 # List
+    ("a << b", "a << b"),                       # LShift
+    ("a @ b", "a @ b"),                         # MatMult
+    ("a % b", "a % b"),                         # Mod
+    ("a * b", "a * b"),                         # Mult
+    ("sys", "sys"),                             # Name, NameConstant
+    ("1234", "1234"),                           # Num
+    ("not a", "not a"),                         # Not
+    ("a or b", "a or b"),                       # Or
+    ("a**b", "a**b"),                           # Pow
+    ("a >> b", "a >> b"),                       # RShift
+    ("{1, 2, 3}", "{1, 2, 3}"),                 # Set
+    ("a - b", "a - b"),                         # Sub
+    ("'str'", "'str'"),                         # Str
+    ("+a", "+a"),                               # UAdd
+    ("-1", "-1"),                               # UnaryOp
+    ("-a", "-a"),                               # USub
+    ("(1, 2, 3)", "(1, 2, 3)"),                 # Tuple
+    ("()", "()"),                               # Tuple (empty)
+    ("(1,)", "(1,)"),                           # Tuple (single item)
+    ("lambda x=0, /, y=1, *args, z, **kwargs: x + y + z",
+     "lambda x=0, /, y=1, *args, z, **kwargs: ..."),  # posonlyargs
+    ("0x1234", "0x1234"),                       # Constant
+    ("1_000_000", "1_000_000"),                 # Constant
+])
+def test_unparse(source, expected):
+    module = ast.parse(source)
+    assert ast_unparse(module.body[0].value, source) == expected
+
+
+def test_unparse_None():
+    assert ast_unparse(None) is None
diff --git a/tests/test_pycode_parser.py b/tests/test_pycode_parser.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fde648d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_pycode_parser.py
@@ -0,0 +1,511 @@
+"""Test pycode.parser."""
+
+from sphinx.pycode.parser import Parser
+from sphinx.util.inspect import signature_from_str
+
+
+def test_comment_picker_basic():
+    source = ('a = 1 + 1      #: assignment\n'
+              'b = 1 +\\\n 1  #: assignment including a CR\n'
+              'c = (1 +\n 1)  #: tuple  \n'
+              'd = {1, \n 1}  #:     set\n'
+              'e = [1, \n 1]  #: list #: additional comment\n'
+              'f = "abc"\n'
+              '#: string; comment on next line (ignored)\n'
+              'g = 1.0\n'
+              '"""float; string on next line"""\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.comments == {('', 'a'): 'assignment',
+                               ('', 'b'): 'assignment including a CR',
+                               ('', 'c'): 'tuple  ',
+                               ('', 'd'): '    set',
+                               ('', 'e'): 'list #: additional comment',
+                               ('', 'g'): 'float; string on next line'}
+
+
+def test_comment_picker_location():
+    # multiple "before" comments
+    source = ('#: comment before assignment1\n'
+              '#:\n'
+              '#: comment before assignment2\n'
+              'a = 1 + 1\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.comments == {('', 'a'): ('comment before assignment1\n'
+                                           '\n'
+                                           'comment before assignment2')}
+
+    # before and after comments
+    source = ('#: comment before assignment\n'
+              'a = 1 + 1  #: comment after assignment\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.comments == {('', 'a'): 'comment after assignment'}
+
+    # after comment and next line string
+    source = ('a = 1 + 1\n  #: comment after assignment\n'
+              '"""string on next line"""\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.comments == {('', 'a'): 'string on next line'}
+
+    # before comment and next line string
+    source = ('#: comment before assignment\n'
+              'a = 1 + 1\n'
+              '"""string on next line"""\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.comments == {('', 'a'): 'string on next line'}
+
+    # before comment, after comment and next line string
+    source = ('#: comment before assignment\n'
+              'a = 1 + 1  #: comment after assignment\n'
+              '"""string on next line"""\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.comments == {('', 'a'): 'string on next line'}
+
+    # inside __init__ method
+    source = ('class Foo(object):\n'
+              '    def __init__(self):\n'
+              '        #: comment before assignment\n'
+              '        self.attr1 = None\n'
+              '        self.attr2 = None  #: comment after assignment\n'
+              '\n'
+              '        #: comment for attr3(1)\n'
+              '        self.attr3 = None  #: comment for attr3(2)\n'
+              '        """comment for attr3(3)"""\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.comments == {('Foo', 'attr1'): 'comment before assignment',
+                               ('Foo', 'attr2'): 'comment after assignment',
+                               ('Foo', 'attr3'): 'comment for attr3(3)'}
+
+
+def test_annotated_assignment():
+    source = ('a: str = "Sphinx"  #: comment\n'
+              'b: int = 1\n'
+              '"""string on next line"""\n'
+              'c: int  #: comment\n'
+              'd = 1  # type: int\n'
+              '"""string on next line"""\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.comments == {('', 'a'): 'comment',
+                               ('', 'b'): 'string on next line',
+                               ('', 'c'): 'comment',
+                               ('', 'd'): 'string on next line'}
+    assert parser.annotations == {('', 'a'): 'str',
+                                  ('', 'b'): 'int',
+                                  ('', 'c'): 'int',
+                                  ('', 'd'): 'int'}
+    assert parser.definitions == {}
+
+
+def test_complex_assignment():
+    source = ('a = 1 + 1; b = a  #: compound statement\n'
+              'c, d = (1, 1)  #: unpack assignment\n'
+              'e = True  #: first assignment\n'
+              'e = False  #: second assignment\n'
+              'f = g = None  #: multiple assignment at once\n'
+              '(theta, phi) = (0, 0.5)  #: unpack assignment via tuple\n'
+              '[x, y] = (5, 6)  #: unpack assignment via list\n'
+              'h, *i, j = (1, 2, 3, 4)  #: unpack assignment2\n'
+              'k, *self.attr = (5, 6, 7)  #: unpack assignment3\n'
+              'l, *m[0] = (8, 9, 0)  #: unpack assignment4\n'
+              )
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.comments == {('', 'b'): 'compound statement',
+                               ('', 'c'): 'unpack assignment',
+                               ('', 'd'): 'unpack assignment',
+                               ('', 'e'): 'second assignment',
+                               ('', 'f'): 'multiple assignment at once',
+                               ('', 'g'): 'multiple assignment at once',
+                               ('', 'theta'): 'unpack assignment via tuple',
+                               ('', 'phi'): 'unpack assignment via tuple',
+                               ('', 'x'): 'unpack assignment via list',
+                               ('', 'y'): 'unpack assignment via list',
+                               ('', 'h'): 'unpack assignment2',
+                               ('', 'i'): 'unpack assignment2',
+                               ('', 'j'): 'unpack assignment2',
+                               ('', 'k'): 'unpack assignment3',
+                               ('', 'l'): 'unpack assignment4',
+                               }
+    assert parser.definitions == {}
+
+
+def test_assignment_in_try_clause():
+    source = ('try:\n'
+              '    a = None  #: comment\n'
+              'except:\n'
+              '    b = None  #: ignored\n'
+              'else:\n'
+              '    c = None  #: comment\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.comments == {('', 'a'): 'comment',
+                               ('', 'c'): 'comment'}
+    assert parser.deforders == {'a': 0,
+                                'c': 1}
+
+
+def test_obj_assignment():
+    source = ('obj = SomeObject()  #: some object\n'
+              'obj.attr = 1  #: attr1\n'
+              'obj.attr.attr = 1  #: attr2\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.comments == {('', 'obj'): 'some object'}
+    assert parser.definitions == {}
+
+
+def test_container_assignment():
+    source = ('l = []  #: list\n'
+              'l[1] = True  #: list assignment\n'
+              'l[0:0] = []  #: list assignment\n'
+              'l[_from:_to] = []  #: list assignment\n'
+              'd = {}  #: dict\n'
+              'd["doc"] = 1  #: dict assignment\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.comments == {('', 'l'): 'list',
+                               ('', 'd'): 'dict'}
+    assert parser.definitions == {}
+
+
+def test_function():
+    source = ('def some_function():\n'
+              '    """docstring"""\n'
+              '    a = 1 + 1  #: comment1\n'
+              '\n'
+              '    b = a  #: comment2\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.comments == {}
+    assert parser.definitions == {'some_function': ('def', 1, 5)}
+    assert parser.deforders == {'some_function': 0}
+
+
+def test_nested_function():
+    source = ('def some_function():\n'
+              '    a = 1 + 1  #: comment1\n'
+              '\n'
+              '    def inner_function():\n'
+              '        b = 1 + 1  #: comment2\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.comments == {}
+    assert parser.definitions == {'some_function': ('def', 1, 5)}
+    assert parser.deforders == {'some_function': 0}
+
+
+def test_class():
+    source = ('class Foo(object):\n'
+              '    attr1 = None  #: comment1\n'
+              '    attr2 = None  #: comment2\n'
+              '\n'
+              '    def __init__(self):\n'
+              '        self.a = 1 + 1  #: comment3\n'
+              '        self.attr2 = 1 + 1  #: overridden\n'
+              '        b = 1 + 1  #: comment5\n'
+              '\n'
+              '    def some_method(self):\n'
+              '        c = 1 + 1  #: comment6\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.comments == {('Foo', 'attr1'): 'comment1',
+                               ('Foo', 'a'): 'comment3',
+                               ('Foo', 'attr2'): 'overridden'}
+    assert parser.definitions == {'Foo': ('class', 1, 11),
+                                  'Foo.__init__': ('def', 5, 8),
+                                  'Foo.some_method': ('def', 10, 11)}
+    assert parser.deforders == {'Foo': 0,
+                                'Foo.attr1': 1,
+                                'Foo.__init__': 3,
+                                'Foo.a': 4,
+                                'Foo.attr2': 5,
+                                'Foo.some_method': 6}
+
+
+def test_class_uses_non_self():
+    source = ('class Foo(object):\n'
+              '    def __init__(this):\n'
+              '        this.a = 1 + 1  #: comment\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.comments == {('Foo', 'a'): 'comment'}
+    assert parser.definitions == {'Foo': ('class', 1, 3),
+                                  'Foo.__init__': ('def', 2, 3)}
+    assert parser.deforders == {'Foo': 0,
+                                'Foo.__init__': 1,
+                                'Foo.a': 2}
+
+
+def test_nested_class():
+    source = ('class Foo(object):\n'
+              '    attr1 = None  #: comment1\n'
+              '\n'
+              '    class Bar(object):\n'
+              '        attr2 = None  #: comment2\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.comments == {('Foo', 'attr1'): 'comment1',
+                               ('Foo.Bar', 'attr2'): 'comment2'}
+    assert parser.definitions == {'Foo': ('class', 1, 5),
+                                  'Foo.Bar': ('class', 4, 5)}
+    assert parser.deforders == {'Foo': 0,
+                                'Foo.attr1': 1,
+                                'Foo.Bar': 2,
+                                'Foo.Bar.attr2': 3}
+
+
+def test_class_comment():
+    source = ('import logging\n'
+              'logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)\n'
+              '\n'
+              'class Foo(object):\n'
+              '    """Bar"""\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.comments == {}
+    assert parser.definitions == {'Foo': ('class', 4, 5)}
+
+
+def test_comment_picker_multiline_string():
+    source = ('class Foo(object):\n'
+              '    a = None\n'
+              '    """multiline\n'
+              '    docstring\n'
+              '    """\n'
+              '    b = None\n'
+              '    """\n'
+              '    docstring\n'
+              '    starts with::\n'
+              '\n'
+              '        empty line"""\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.comments == {('Foo', 'a'): 'multiline\ndocstring',
+                               ('Foo', 'b'): 'docstring\nstarts with::\n\n    empty line'}
+
+
+def test_decorators():
+    source = ('@deco\n'
+              'def func1(): pass\n'
+              '\n'
+              '@deco(param1, param2)\n'
+              'def func2(): pass\n'
+              '\n'
+              '@deco1\n'
+              '@deco2\n'
+              'def func3(): pass\n'
+              '\n'
+              '@deco\n'
+              'class Foo():\n'
+              '    @deco1\n'
+              '    @deco2\n'
+              '    def method(self): pass\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.definitions == {'func1': ('def', 1, 2),
+                                  'func2': ('def', 4, 5),
+                                  'func3': ('def', 7, 9),
+                                  'Foo': ('class', 11, 15),
+                                  'Foo.method': ('def', 13, 15)}
+
+
+def test_async_function_and_method():
+    source = ('async def some_function():\n'
+              '    """docstring"""\n'
+              '    a = 1 + 1  #: comment1\n'
+              '\n'
+              'class Foo:\n'
+              '    async def method(self):\n'
+              '        pass\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.definitions == {'some_function': ('def', 1, 3),
+                                  'Foo': ('class', 5, 7),
+                                  'Foo.method': ('def', 6, 7)}
+
+
+def test_imports():
+    source = ('import sys\n'
+              'from os import environment, path\n'
+              '\n'
+              'import sphinx as Sphinx\n'
+              'from sphinx.application import Sphinx as App\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.definitions == {}
+    assert parser.deforders == {'sys': 0,
+                                'environment': 1,
+                                'path': 2,
+                                'Sphinx': 3,
+                                'App': 4}
+
+
+def test_formfeed_char():
+    source = ('class Foo:\n'
+              '\f\n'
+              '    attr = 1234  #: comment\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.comments == {('Foo', 'attr'): 'comment'}
+
+
+def test_typing_final():
+    source = ('import typing\n'
+              '\n'
+              '@typing.final\n'
+              'def func(): pass\n'
+              '\n'
+              '@typing.final\n'
+              'class Foo:\n'
+              '    @typing.final\n'
+              '    def meth(self):\n'
+              '        pass\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.finals == ['func', 'Foo', 'Foo.meth']
+
+
+def test_typing_final_from_import():
+    source = ('from typing import final\n'
+              '\n'
+              '@final\n'
+              'def func(): pass\n'
+              '\n'
+              '@final\n'
+              'class Foo:\n'
+              '    @final\n'
+              '    def meth(self):\n'
+              '        pass\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.finals == ['func', 'Foo', 'Foo.meth']
+
+
+def test_typing_final_import_as():
+    source = ('import typing as foo\n'
+              '\n'
+              '@foo.final\n'
+              'def func(): pass\n'
+              '\n'
+              '@foo.final\n'
+              'class Foo:\n'
+              '    @typing.final\n'
+              '    def meth(self):\n'
+              '        pass\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.finals == ['func', 'Foo']
+
+
+def test_typing_final_from_import_as():
+    source = ('from typing import final as bar\n'
+              '\n'
+              '@bar\n'
+              'def func(): pass\n'
+              '\n'
+              '@bar\n'
+              'class Foo:\n'
+              '    @final\n'
+              '    def meth(self):\n'
+              '        pass\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.finals == ['func', 'Foo']
+
+
+def test_typing_final_not_imported():
+    source = ('@typing.final\n'
+              'def func(): pass\n'
+              '\n'
+              '@typing.final\n'
+              'class Foo:\n'
+              '    @final\n'
+              '    def meth(self):\n'
+              '        pass\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.finals == []
+
+
+def test_typing_overload():
+    source = ('import typing\n'
+              '\n'
+              '@typing.overload\n'
+              'def func(x: int, y: int) -> int: pass\n'
+              '\n'
+              '@typing.overload\n'
+              'def func(x: str, y: str) -> str: pass\n'
+              '\n'
+              'def func(x, y): pass\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.overloads == {'func': [signature_from_str('(x: int, y: int) -> int'),
+                                         signature_from_str('(x: str, y: str) -> str')]}
+
+
+def test_typing_overload_from_import():
+    source = ('from typing import overload\n'
+              '\n'
+              '@overload\n'
+              'def func(x: int, y: int) -> int: pass\n'
+              '\n'
+              '@overload\n'
+              'def func(x: str, y: str) -> str: pass\n'
+              '\n'
+              'def func(x, y): pass\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.overloads == {'func': [signature_from_str('(x: int, y: int) -> int'),
+                                         signature_from_str('(x: str, y: str) -> str')]}
+
+
+def test_typing_overload_import_as():
+    source = ('import typing as foo\n'
+              '\n'
+              '@foo.overload\n'
+              'def func(x: int, y: int) -> int: pass\n'
+              '\n'
+              '@foo.overload\n'
+              'def func(x: str, y: str) -> str: pass\n'
+              '\n'
+              'def func(x, y): pass\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.overloads == {'func': [signature_from_str('(x: int, y: int) -> int'),
+                                         signature_from_str('(x: str, y: str) -> str')]}
+
+
+def test_typing_overload_from_import_as():
+    source = ('from typing import overload as bar\n'
+              '\n'
+              '@bar\n'
+              'def func(x: int, y: int) -> int: pass\n'
+              '\n'
+              '@bar\n'
+              'def func(x: str, y: str) -> str: pass\n'
+              '\n'
+              'def func(x, y): pass\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.overloads == {'func': [signature_from_str('(x: int, y: int) -> int'),
+                                         signature_from_str('(x: str, y: str) -> str')]}
+
+
+def test_typing_overload_not_imported():
+    source = ('@typing.final\n'
+              'def func(x: int, y: int) -> int: pass\n'
+              '\n'
+              '@typing.final\n'
+              'def func(x: str, y: str) -> str: pass\n'
+              '\n'
+              'def func(x, y): pass\n')
+    parser = Parser(source)
+    parser.parse()
+    assert parser.overloads == {}
diff --git a/tests/test_quickstart.py b/tests/test_quickstart.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6a9f5c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_quickstart.py
@@ -0,0 +1,260 @@
+"""Test the sphinx.quickstart module."""
+
+import time
+from io import StringIO
+from os import path
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx import application
+from sphinx.cmd import quickstart as qs
+from sphinx.util.console import coloron, nocolor
+
+warnfile = StringIO()
+
+
+def setup_module():
+    nocolor()
+
+
+def mock_input(answers, needanswer=False):
+    called = set()
+
+    def input_(prompt):
+        if prompt in called:
+            raise AssertionError('answer for %r missing and no default '
+                                 'present' % prompt)
+        called.add(prompt)
+        for question in answers:
+            if prompt.startswith(qs.PROMPT_PREFIX + question):
+                return answers[question]
+        if needanswer:
+            raise AssertionError('answer for %r missing' % prompt)
+        return ''
+    return input_
+
+
+real_input = input
+
+
+def teardown_module():
+    qs.term_input = real_input
+    coloron()
+
+
+def test_do_prompt():
+    answers = {
+        'Q2': 'v2',
+        'Q3': 'v3',
+        'Q4': 'yes',
+        'Q5': 'no',
+        'Q6': 'foo',
+    }
+    qs.term_input = mock_input(answers)
+
+    assert qs.do_prompt('Q1', default='v1') == 'v1'
+    assert qs.do_prompt('Q3', default='v3_default') == 'v3'
+    assert qs.do_prompt('Q2') == 'v2'
+    assert qs.do_prompt('Q4', validator=qs.boolean) is True
+    assert qs.do_prompt('Q5', validator=qs.boolean) is False
+    with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
+        qs.do_prompt('Q6', validator=qs.boolean)
+
+
+def test_do_prompt_inputstrip():
+    answers = {
+        'Q1': 'Y',
+        'Q2': ' Yes ',
+        'Q3': 'N',
+        'Q4': 'N ',
+    }
+    qs.term_input = mock_input(answers)
+
+    assert qs.do_prompt('Q1') == 'Y'
+    assert qs.do_prompt('Q2') == 'Yes'
+    assert qs.do_prompt('Q3') == 'N'
+    assert qs.do_prompt('Q4') == 'N'
+
+
+def test_do_prompt_with_nonascii():
+    answers = {
+        'Q1': '\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4',
+    }
+    qs.term_input = mock_input(answers)
+    result = qs.do_prompt('Q1', default='\u65e5\u672c')
+    assert result == '\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4'
+
+
+def test_quickstart_defaults(tmp_path):
+    answers = {
+        'Root path': str(tmp_path),
+        'Project name': 'Sphinx Test',
+        'Author name': 'Georg Brandl',
+        'Project version': '0.1',
+    }
+    qs.term_input = mock_input(answers)
+    d = {}
+    qs.ask_user(d)
+    qs.generate(d)
+
+    conffile = tmp_path / 'conf.py'
+    assert conffile.is_file()
+    ns = {}
+    exec(conffile.read_text(encoding='utf8'), ns)  # NoQA: S102
+    assert ns['extensions'] == []
+    assert ns['templates_path'] == ['_templates']
+    assert ns['project'] == 'Sphinx Test'
+    assert ns['copyright'] == '%s, Georg Brandl' % time.strftime('%Y')
+    assert ns['version'] == '0.1'
+    assert ns['release'] == '0.1'
+    assert ns['html_static_path'] == ['_static']
+
+    assert (tmp_path / '_static').is_dir()
+    assert (tmp_path / '_templates').is_dir()
+    assert (tmp_path / 'index.rst').is_file()
+    assert (tmp_path / 'Makefile').is_file()
+    assert (tmp_path / 'make.bat').is_file()
+
+
+def test_quickstart_all_answers(tmp_path):
+    answers = {
+        'Root path': str(tmp_path),
+        'Separate source and build': 'y',
+        'Name prefix for templates': '.',
+        'Project name': 'STASI™',
+        'Author name': "Wolfgang Schäuble & G'Beckstein",
+        'Project version': '2.0',
+        'Project release': '2.0.1',
+        'Project language': 'de',
+        'Source file suffix': '.txt',
+        'Name of your master document': 'contents',
+        'autodoc': 'y',
+        'doctest': 'yes',
+        'intersphinx': 'no',
+        'todo': 'y',
+        'coverage': 'no',
+        'imgmath': 'N',
+        'mathjax': 'no',
+        'ifconfig': 'no',
+        'viewcode': 'no',
+        'githubpages': 'no',
+        'Create Makefile': 'no',
+        'Create Windows command file': 'no',
+        'Do you want to use the epub builder': 'yes',
+    }
+    qs.term_input = mock_input(answers, needanswer=True)
+    d = {}
+    qs.ask_user(d)
+    qs.generate(d)
+
+    conffile = tmp_path / 'source' / 'conf.py'
+    assert conffile.is_file()
+    ns = {}
+    exec(conffile.read_text(encoding='utf8'), ns)  # NoQA: S102
+    assert ns['extensions'] == [
+        'sphinx.ext.autodoc', 'sphinx.ext.doctest', 'sphinx.ext.todo',
+    ]
+    assert ns['templates_path'] == ['.templates']
+    assert ns['source_suffix'] == '.txt'
+    assert ns['root_doc'] == 'contents'
+    assert ns['project'] == 'STASI™'
+    assert ns['copyright'] == "%s, Wolfgang Schäuble & G'Beckstein" % \
+        time.strftime('%Y')
+    assert ns['version'] == '2.0'
+    assert ns['release'] == '2.0.1'
+    assert ns['todo_include_todos'] is True
+    assert ns['html_static_path'] == ['.static']
+
+    assert (tmp_path / 'build').is_dir()
+    assert (tmp_path / 'source' / '.static').is_dir()
+    assert (tmp_path / 'source' / '.templates').is_dir()
+    assert (tmp_path / 'source' / 'contents.txt').is_file()
+
+
+def test_generated_files_eol(tmp_path):
+    answers = {
+        'Root path': str(tmp_path),
+        'Project name': 'Sphinx Test',
+        'Author name': 'Georg Brandl',
+        'Project version': '0.1',
+    }
+    qs.term_input = mock_input(answers)
+    d = {}
+    qs.ask_user(d)
+    qs.generate(d)
+
+    def assert_eol(filename, eol):
+        content = filename.read_bytes().decode()
+        assert all(l[-len(eol):] == eol for l in content.splitlines(keepends=True))
+
+    assert_eol(tmp_path / 'make.bat', '\r\n')
+    assert_eol(tmp_path / 'Makefile', '\n')
+
+
+def test_quickstart_and_build(tmp_path):
+    answers = {
+        'Root path': str(tmp_path),
+        'Project name': 'Fullwidth characters: \u30c9\u30a4\u30c4',
+        'Author name': 'Georg Brandl',
+        'Project version': '0.1',
+    }
+    qs.term_input = mock_input(answers)
+    d = {}
+    qs.ask_user(d)
+    qs.generate(d)
+
+    app = application.Sphinx(
+        tmp_path,  # srcdir
+        tmp_path,  # confdir
+        (tmp_path / '_build' / 'html'),  # outdir
+        (tmp_path / '_build' / '.doctree'),  # doctreedir
+        'html',  # buildername
+        status=StringIO(),
+        warning=warnfile)
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    warnings = warnfile.getvalue()
+    assert not warnings
+
+
+def test_default_filename(tmp_path):
+    answers = {
+        'Root path': str(tmp_path),
+        'Project name': '\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4',  # Fullwidth characters only
+        'Author name': 'Georg Brandl',
+        'Project version': '0.1',
+    }
+    qs.term_input = mock_input(answers)
+    d = {}
+    qs.ask_user(d)
+    qs.generate(d)
+
+    conffile = tmp_path / 'conf.py'
+    assert conffile.is_file()
+    ns = {}
+    exec(conffile.read_text(encoding='utf8'), ns)  # NoQA: S102
+
+
+def test_extensions(tmp_path):
+    qs.main(['-q', '-p', 'project_name', '-a', 'author',
+             '--extensions', 'foo,bar,baz', str(tmp_path)])
+
+    conffile = tmp_path / 'conf.py'
+    assert conffile.is_file()
+    ns = {}
+    exec(conffile.read_text(encoding='utf8'), ns)  # NoQA: S102
+    assert ns['extensions'] == ['foo', 'bar', 'baz']
+
+
+def test_exits_when_existing_confpy(monkeypatch):
+    # The code detects existing conf.py with path.is_file()
+    # so we mock it as True with pytest's monkeypatch
+    def mock_isfile(path):
+        return True
+    monkeypatch.setattr(path, 'isfile', mock_isfile)
+
+    qs.term_input = mock_input({
+        'Please enter a new root path (or just Enter to exit)': '',
+    })
+    d = {}
+    with pytest.raises(SystemExit):
+        qs.ask_user(d)
diff --git a/tests/test_roles.py b/tests/test_roles.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..67a13c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_roles.py
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+"""Test sphinx.roles"""
+
+from unittest.mock import Mock
+
+from docutils import nodes
+
+from sphinx.roles import EmphasizedLiteral
+from sphinx.testing.util import assert_node
+
+
+def test_samp():
+    emph_literal_role = EmphasizedLiteral()
+
+    # normal case
+    text = 'print 1+{variable}'
+    ret, msg = emph_literal_role('samp', text, text, 0, Mock())
+    assert_node(ret[0], [nodes.literal, ("print 1+",
+                                         [nodes.emphasis, "variable"])])
+    assert msg == []
+
+    # two emphasis items
+    text = 'print {1}+{variable}'
+    ret, msg = emph_literal_role('samp', text, text, 0, Mock())
+    assert_node(ret[0], [nodes.literal, ("print ",
+                                         [nodes.emphasis, "1"],
+                                         "+",
+                                         [nodes.emphasis, "variable"])])
+    assert msg == []
+
+    # empty curly brace
+    text = 'print 1+{}'
+    ret, msg = emph_literal_role('samp', text, text, 0, Mock())
+    assert_node(ret[0], [nodes.literal, "print 1+{}"])
+    assert msg == []
+
+    # half-opened variable
+    text = 'print 1+{variable'
+    ret, msg = emph_literal_role('samp', text, text, 0, Mock())
+    assert_node(ret[0], [nodes.literal, "print 1+{variable"])
+    assert msg == []
+
+    # nested
+    text = 'print 1+{{variable}}'
+    ret, msg = emph_literal_role('samp', text, text, 0, Mock())
+    assert_node(ret[0], [nodes.literal, ("print 1+",
+                                         [nodes.emphasis, "{variable"],
+                                         "}")])
+    assert msg == []
+
+    # emphasized item only
+    text = '{variable}'
+    ret, msg = emph_literal_role('samp', text, text, 0, Mock())
+    assert_node(ret[0], [nodes.literal, nodes.emphasis, "variable"])
+    assert msg == []
+
+    # escaping
+    text = r'print 1+\{variable}'
+    ret, msg = emph_literal_role('samp', text, text, 0, Mock())
+    assert_node(ret[0], [nodes.literal, "print 1+{variable}"])
+    assert msg == []
+
+    # escaping (2)
+    text = r'print 1+\{{variable}\}'
+    ret, msg = emph_literal_role('samp', text, text, 0, Mock())
+    assert_node(ret[0], [nodes.literal, ("print 1+{",
+                                         [nodes.emphasis, "variable"],
+                                         "}")])
+    assert msg == []
+
+    # escape a backslash
+    text = r'print 1+\\{variable}'
+    ret, msg = emph_literal_role('samp', text, text, 0, Mock())
+    assert_node(ret[0], [nodes.literal, ("print 1+\\",
+                                         [nodes.emphasis, "variable"])])
+    assert msg == []
diff --git a/tests/test_search.py b/tests/test_search.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..68a7b01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_search.py
@@ -0,0 +1,306 @@
+"""Test the search index builder."""
+
+import json
+import warnings
+from io import BytesIO
+
+import pytest
+from docutils import frontend, utils
+from docutils.parsers import rst
+
+from sphinx.search import IndexBuilder
+
+
+class DummyEnvironment:
+    def __init__(self, version, domains):
+        self.version = version
+        self.domains = domains
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name):
+        if name.startswith('_search_index_'):
+            setattr(self, name, {})
+        return getattr(self, name, {})
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return f'DummyEnvironment({self.version!r}, {self.domains!r})'
+
+
+class DummyDomain:
+    def __init__(self, data):
+        self.data = data
+        self.object_types = {}
+
+    def get_objects(self):
+        return self.data
+
+
+settings = parser = None
+
+
+def setup_module():
+    global settings, parser
+    with warnings.catch_warnings():
+        warnings.filterwarnings('ignore', category=DeprecationWarning)
+        # DeprecationWarning: The frontend.OptionParser class will be replaced
+        # by a subclass of argparse.ArgumentParser in Docutils 0.21 or later.
+        optparser = frontend.OptionParser(components=(rst.Parser,))
+    settings = optparser.get_default_values()
+    parser = rst.Parser()
+
+
+def load_searchindex(path):
+    searchindex = path.read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert searchindex.startswith('Search.setIndex(')
+    assert searchindex.endswith(')')
+
+    return json.loads(searchindex[16:-1])
+
+
+def is_registered_term(index, keyword):
+    return index['terms'].get(keyword, []) != []
+
+
+FILE_CONTENTS = '''\
+section_title
+=============
+
+.. test that comments are not indexed: boson
+
+test that non-comments are indexed: fermion
+'''
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='ext-viewcode')
+def test_objects_are_escaped(app):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    index = load_searchindex(app.outdir / 'searchindex.js')
+    for item in index.get('objects').get(''):
+        if item[-1] == 'n::Array&lt;T, d&gt;':  # n::Array<T,d> is escaped
+            break
+    else:
+        raise AssertionError(index.get('objects').get(''))
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='search')
+def test_meta_keys_are_handled_for_language_en(app):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    searchindex = load_searchindex(app.outdir / 'searchindex.js')
+    assert not is_registered_term(searchindex, 'thisnoteith')
+    assert is_registered_term(searchindex, 'thisonetoo')
+    assert is_registered_term(searchindex, 'findthiskei')
+    assert is_registered_term(searchindex, 'thistoo')
+    assert not is_registered_term(searchindex, 'onlygerman')
+    assert is_registered_term(searchindex, 'notgerman')
+    assert not is_registered_term(searchindex, 'onlytoogerman')
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='search', confoverrides={'html_search_language': 'de'}, freshenv=True)
+def test_meta_keys_are_handled_for_language_de(app):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    searchindex = load_searchindex(app.outdir / 'searchindex.js')
+    assert not is_registered_term(searchindex, 'thisnoteith')
+    assert is_registered_term(searchindex, 'thisonetoo')
+    assert not is_registered_term(searchindex, 'findthiskei')
+    assert not is_registered_term(searchindex, 'thistoo')
+    assert is_registered_term(searchindex, 'onlygerman')
+    assert not is_registered_term(searchindex, 'notgerman')
+    assert is_registered_term(searchindex, 'onlytoogerman')
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='search')
+def test_stemmer_does_not_remove_short_words(app):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    searchindex = (app.outdir / 'searchindex.js').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert 'bat' in searchindex
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='search')
+def test_stemmer(app):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    searchindex = load_searchindex(app.outdir / 'searchindex.js')
+    print(searchindex)
+    assert is_registered_term(searchindex, 'findthisstemmedkei')
+    assert is_registered_term(searchindex, 'intern')
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='search')
+def test_term_in_heading_and_section(app):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    searchindex = (app.outdir / 'searchindex.js').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    # if search term is in the title of one doc and in the text of another
+    # both documents should be a hit in the search index as a title,
+    # respectively text hit
+    assert '"textinhead": 2' in searchindex
+    assert '"textinhead": 0' in searchindex
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='search')
+def test_term_in_raw_directive(app):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    searchindex = load_searchindex(app.outdir / 'searchindex.js')
+    assert not is_registered_term(searchindex, 'raw')
+    assert is_registered_term(searchindex, 'rawword')
+    assert not is_registered_term(searchindex, 'latex_keyword')
+
+
+def test_IndexBuilder():
+    domain1 = DummyDomain([('objname1', 'objdispname1', 'objtype1', 'docname1_1', '#anchor', 1),
+                          ('objname2', 'objdispname2', 'objtype2', 'docname1_2', '', -1)])
+    domain2 = DummyDomain([('objname1', 'objdispname1', 'objtype1', 'docname2_1', '#anchor', 1),
+                           ('objname2', 'objdispname2', 'objtype2', 'docname2_2', '', -1)])
+    env = DummyEnvironment('1.0', {'dummy1': domain1, 'dummy2': domain2})
+    doc = utils.new_document(b'test data', settings)
+    doc['file'] = 'dummy'
+    parser.parse(FILE_CONTENTS, doc)
+
+    # feed
+    index = IndexBuilder(env, 'en', {}, None)
+    index.feed('docname1_1', 'filename1_1', 'title1_1', doc)
+    index.feed('docname1_2', 'filename1_2', 'title1_2', doc)
+    index.feed('docname2_1', 'filename2_1', 'title2_1', doc)
+    index.feed('docname2_2', 'filename2_2', 'title2_2', doc)
+    assert index._titles == {'docname1_1': 'title1_1', 'docname1_2': 'title1_2',
+                             'docname2_1': 'title2_1', 'docname2_2': 'title2_2'}
+    assert index._filenames == {'docname1_1': 'filename1_1', 'docname1_2': 'filename1_2',
+                                'docname2_1': 'filename2_1', 'docname2_2': 'filename2_2'}
+    assert index._mapping == {
+        'ar': {'docname1_1', 'docname1_2', 'docname2_1', 'docname2_2'},
+        'fermion': {'docname1_1', 'docname1_2', 'docname2_1', 'docname2_2'},
+        'comment': {'docname1_1', 'docname1_2', 'docname2_1', 'docname2_2'},
+        'non': {'docname1_1', 'docname1_2', 'docname2_1', 'docname2_2'},
+        'index': {'docname1_1', 'docname1_2', 'docname2_1', 'docname2_2'},
+        'test': {'docname1_1', 'docname1_2', 'docname2_1', 'docname2_2'},
+    }
+    assert index._title_mapping == {'section_titl': {'docname1_1', 'docname1_2', 'docname2_1', 'docname2_2'}}
+    assert index._objtypes == {}
+    assert index._objnames == {}
+
+    # freeze
+    assert index.freeze() == {
+        'docnames': ('docname1_1', 'docname1_2', 'docname2_1', 'docname2_2'),
+        'envversion': '1.0',
+        'filenames': ['filename1_1', 'filename1_2', 'filename2_1', 'filename2_2'],
+        'objects': {'': [(0, 0, 1, '#anchor', 'objdispname1'),
+                         (2, 1, 1, '#anchor', 'objdispname1')]},
+        'objnames': {0: ('dummy1', 'objtype1', 'objtype1'), 1: ('dummy2', 'objtype1', 'objtype1')},
+        'objtypes': {0: 'dummy1:objtype1', 1: 'dummy2:objtype1'},
+        'terms': {'ar': [0, 1, 2, 3],
+                  'comment': [0, 1, 2, 3],
+                  'fermion': [0, 1, 2, 3],
+                  'index': [0, 1, 2, 3],
+                  'non': [0, 1, 2, 3],
+                  'test': [0, 1, 2, 3]},
+        'titles': ('title1_1', 'title1_2', 'title2_1', 'title2_2'),
+        'titleterms': {'section_titl': [0, 1, 2, 3]},
+        'alltitles': {'section_title': [(0, 'section-title'), (1, 'section-title'), (2, 'section-title'), (3, 'section-title')]},
+        'indexentries': {},
+    }
+    assert index._objtypes == {('dummy1', 'objtype1'): 0, ('dummy2', 'objtype1'): 1}
+    assert index._objnames == {0: ('dummy1', 'objtype1', 'objtype1'),
+                               1: ('dummy2', 'objtype1', 'objtype1')}
+
+    env = DummyEnvironment('1.0', {'dummy1': domain1, 'dummy2': domain2})
+
+    # dump / load
+    stream = BytesIO()
+    index.dump(stream, 'pickle')
+    stream.seek(0)
+
+    index2 = IndexBuilder(env, 'en', {}, None)
+    index2.load(stream, 'pickle')
+
+    assert index2._titles == index._titles
+    assert index2._filenames == index._filenames
+    assert index2._mapping == index._mapping
+    assert index2._title_mapping == index._title_mapping
+    assert index2._objtypes == {}
+    assert index2._objnames == {}
+
+    # freeze after load
+    assert index2.freeze() == index.freeze()
+    assert index2._objtypes == index._objtypes
+    assert index2._objnames == index._objnames
+
+    # prune
+    index.prune(['docname1_2', 'docname2_2'])
+    assert index._titles == {'docname1_2': 'title1_2', 'docname2_2': 'title2_2'}
+    assert index._filenames == {'docname1_2': 'filename1_2', 'docname2_2': 'filename2_2'}
+    assert index._mapping == {
+        'ar': {'docname1_2', 'docname2_2'},
+        'fermion': {'docname1_2', 'docname2_2'},
+        'comment': {'docname1_2', 'docname2_2'},
+        'non': {'docname1_2', 'docname2_2'},
+        'index': {'docname1_2', 'docname2_2'},
+        'test': {'docname1_2', 'docname2_2'},
+    }
+    assert index._title_mapping == {'section_titl': {'docname1_2', 'docname2_2'}}
+    assert index._objtypes == {('dummy1', 'objtype1'): 0, ('dummy2', 'objtype1'): 1}
+    assert index._objnames == {0: ('dummy1', 'objtype1', 'objtype1'), 1: ('dummy2', 'objtype1', 'objtype1')}
+
+    # freeze after prune
+    assert index.freeze() == {
+        'docnames': ('docname1_2', 'docname2_2'),
+        'envversion': '1.0',
+        'filenames': ['filename1_2', 'filename2_2'],
+        'objects': {},
+        'objnames': {0: ('dummy1', 'objtype1', 'objtype1'), 1: ('dummy2', 'objtype1', 'objtype1')},
+        'objtypes': {0: 'dummy1:objtype1', 1: 'dummy2:objtype1'},
+        'terms': {'ar': [0, 1],
+                  'comment': [0, 1],
+                  'fermion': [0, 1],
+                  'index': [0, 1],
+                  'non': [0, 1],
+                  'test': [0, 1]},
+        'titles': ('title1_2', 'title2_2'),
+        'titleterms': {'section_titl': [0, 1]},
+        'alltitles': {'section_title': [(0, 'section-title'), (1, 'section-title')]},
+        'indexentries': {},
+    }
+    assert index._objtypes == {('dummy1', 'objtype1'): 0, ('dummy2', 'objtype1'): 1}
+    assert index._objnames == {0: ('dummy1', 'objtype1', 'objtype1'),
+                               1: ('dummy2', 'objtype1', 'objtype1')}
+
+
+def test_IndexBuilder_lookup():
+    env = DummyEnvironment('1.0', {})
+
+    # zh
+    index = IndexBuilder(env, 'zh', {}, None)
+    assert index.lang.lang == 'zh'
+
+    # zh_CN
+    index = IndexBuilder(env, 'zh_CN', {}, None)
+    assert index.lang.lang == 'zh'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    testroot='search',
+    confoverrides={'html_search_language': 'zh'},
+    srcdir='search_zh',
+)
+def test_search_index_gen_zh(app):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    index = load_searchindex(app.outdir / 'searchindex.js')
+    assert 'chinesetest ' not in index['terms']
+    assert 'chinesetest' in index['terms']
+    assert 'chinesetesttwo' in index['terms']
+    assert 'cas' in index['terms']
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='search', freshenv=True)
+def test_nosearch(app):
+    app.build()
+    index = load_searchindex(app.outdir / 'searchindex.js')
+    assert index['docnames'] == ['index', 'nosearch', 'tocitem']
+    assert 'latex' not in index['terms']
+    assert 'bat' in index['terms']
+    # bat is indexed from 'index.rst' and 'tocitem.rst' (document IDs 0, 2), and
+    # not from 'nosearch.rst' (document ID 1)
+    assert index['terms']['bat'] == [0, 2]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='search', parallel=3, freshenv=True)
+def test_parallel(app):
+    app.build()
+    index = load_searchindex(app.outdir / 'searchindex.js')
+    assert index['docnames'] == ['index', 'nosearch', 'tocitem']
diff --git a/tests/test_smartquotes.py b/tests/test_smartquotes.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1d4e8e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_smartquotes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+"""Test smart quotes."""
+
+import pytest
+from html5lib import HTMLParser
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(buildername='html', testroot='smartquotes', freshenv=True)
+def test_basic(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '<p>– “Sphinx” is a tool that makes it easy …</p>' in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(buildername='html', testroot='smartquotes', freshenv=True)
+def test_literals(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+
+    with (app.outdir / 'literals.html').open(encoding='utf-8') as html_file:
+        etree = HTMLParser(namespaceHTMLElements=False).parse(html_file)
+
+    for code_element in etree.iter('code'):
+        code_text = ''.join(code_element.itertext())
+
+        if code_text.startswith('code role'):
+            assert "'quotes'" in code_text
+        elif code_text.startswith('{'):
+            assert code_text == "{'code': 'role', 'with': 'quotes'}"
+        elif code_text.startswith('literal'):
+            assert code_text == "literal with 'quotes'"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(buildername='text', testroot='smartquotes', freshenv=True)
+def test_text_builder(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '-- "Sphinx" is a tool that makes it easy ...' in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(buildername='man', testroot='smartquotes', freshenv=True)
+def test_man_builder(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'python.1').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert r'\-\- \(dqSphinx\(dq is a tool that makes it easy ...' in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(buildername='latex', testroot='smartquotes', freshenv=True)
+def test_latex_builder(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '\\textendash{} “Sphinx” is a tool that makes it easy …' in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(buildername='html', testroot='smartquotes', freshenv=True,
+                    confoverrides={'language': 'ja'})
+def test_ja_html_builder(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '<p>-- &quot;Sphinx&quot; is a tool that makes it easy ...</p>' in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(buildername='html', testroot='smartquotes', freshenv=True,
+                    confoverrides={'smartquotes': False})
+def test_smartquotes_disabled(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '<p>-- &quot;Sphinx&quot; is a tool that makes it easy ...</p>' in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(buildername='html', testroot='smartquotes', freshenv=True,
+                    confoverrides={'smartquotes_action': 'q'})
+def test_smartquotes_action(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '<p>-- “Sphinx” is a tool that makes it easy ...</p>' in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(buildername='html', testroot='smartquotes', freshenv=True,
+                    confoverrides={'language': 'ja', 'smartquotes_excludes': {}})
+def test_smartquotes_excludes_language(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '<p>– 「Sphinx」 is a tool that makes it easy …</p>' in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(buildername='man', testroot='smartquotes', freshenv=True,
+                    confoverrides={'smartquotes_excludes': {}})
+def test_smartquotes_excludes_builders(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'python.1').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '– “Sphinx” is a tool that makes it easy …' in content
diff --git a/tests/test_templating.py b/tests/test_templating.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a41af93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_templating.py
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+"""Test templating."""
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx.ext.autosummary.generate import setup_documenters
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='templating')
+def test_layout_overloading(make_app, app_params):
+    args, kwargs = app_params
+    app = make_app(*args, **kwargs)
+    setup_documenters(app)
+    app.builder.build_update()
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '<!-- layout overloading -->' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='templating')
+def test_autosummary_class_template_overloading(make_app, app_params):
+    args, kwargs = app_params
+    app = make_app(*args, **kwargs)
+    setup_documenters(app)
+    app.builder.build_update()
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'generated' / 'sphinx.application.TemplateBridge.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert 'autosummary/class.rst method block overloading' in result
+    assert 'foobar' not in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='templating',
+                    confoverrides={'autosummary_context': {'sentence': 'foobar'}})
+def test_autosummary_context(make_app, app_params):
+    args, kwargs = app_params
+    app = make_app(*args, **kwargs)
+    setup_documenters(app)
+    app.builder.build_update()
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'generated' / 'sphinx.application.TemplateBridge.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert 'autosummary/class.rst method block overloading' in result
+    assert 'foobar' in result
diff --git a/tests/test_theming.py b/tests/test_theming.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b4c8511
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_theming.py
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+"""Test the Theme class."""
+
+import os
+
+import alabaster
+import pytest
+
+import sphinx.builders.html
+from sphinx.theming import ThemeError
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(
+    testroot='theming',
+    confoverrides={'html_theme': 'ziptheme',
+                   'html_theme_options.testopt': 'foo'})
+def test_theme_api(app, status, warning):
+    cfg = app.config
+
+    themes = ['basic', 'default', 'scrolls', 'agogo', 'sphinxdoc', 'haiku',
+              'traditional', 'epub', 'nature', 'pyramid', 'bizstyle', 'classic', 'nonav',
+              'test-theme', 'ziptheme', 'staticfiles', 'parent', 'child']
+    try:
+        alabaster_version = alabaster.__version_info__
+    except AttributeError:
+        alabaster_version = alabaster.version.__version_info__
+    if alabaster_version >= (0, 7, 11):
+        themes.append('alabaster')
+
+    # test Theme class API
+    assert set(app.registry.html_themes.keys()) == set(themes)
+    assert app.registry.html_themes['test-theme'] == str(app.srcdir / 'test_theme' / 'test-theme')
+    assert app.registry.html_themes['ziptheme'] == str(app.srcdir / 'ziptheme.zip')
+    assert app.registry.html_themes['staticfiles'] == str(app.srcdir / 'test_theme' / 'staticfiles')
+
+    # test Theme instance API
+    theme = app.builder.theme
+    assert theme.name == 'ziptheme'
+    themedir = theme.themedir
+    assert theme.base.name == 'basic'
+    assert len(theme.get_theme_dirs()) == 2
+
+    # direct setting
+    assert theme.get_config('theme', 'stylesheet') == 'custom.css'
+    # inherited setting
+    assert theme.get_config('options', 'nosidebar') == 'false'
+    # nonexisting setting
+    assert theme.get_config('theme', 'foobar', 'def') == 'def'
+    with pytest.raises(ThemeError):
+        theme.get_config('theme', 'foobar')
+
+    # options API
+
+    options = theme.get_options({'nonexisting': 'foo'})
+    assert 'nonexisting' not in options
+
+    options = theme.get_options(cfg.html_theme_options)
+    assert options['testopt'] == 'foo'
+    assert options['nosidebar'] == 'false'
+
+    # cleanup temp directories
+    theme.cleanup()
+    assert not os.path.exists(themedir)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='double-inheriting-theme')
+def test_double_inheriting_theme(app, status, warning):
+    assert app.builder.theme.name == 'base_theme2'
+    app.build()  # => not raises TemplateNotFound
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='theming',
+                    confoverrides={'html_theme': 'child'})
+def test_nested_zipped_theme(app, status, warning):
+    assert app.builder.theme.name == 'child'
+    app.build()  # => not raises TemplateNotFound
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='theming',
+                    confoverrides={'html_theme': 'staticfiles'})
+def test_staticfiles(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+    assert (app.outdir / '_static' / 'staticimg.png').exists()
+    assert (app.outdir / '_static' / 'statictmpl.html').exists()
+    assert (app.outdir / '_static' / 'statictmpl.html').read_text(encoding='utf8') == (
+        '<!-- testing static templates -->\n'
+        '<html><project>Python</project></html>'
+    )
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '<meta name="testopt" content="optdefault" />' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='theming',
+                    confoverrides={'html_theme': 'test-theme'})
+def test_dark_style(app, monkeypatch):
+    monkeypatch.setattr(sphinx.builders.html, '_file_checksum', lambda o, f: '')
+
+    style = app.builder.dark_highlighter.formatter_args.get('style')
+    assert style.__name__ == 'MonokaiStyle'
+
+    app.build()
+    assert (app.outdir / '_static' / 'pygments_dark.css').exists()
+
+    css_file, properties = app.registry.css_files[0]
+    assert css_file == 'pygments_dark.css'
+    assert "media" in properties
+    assert properties["media"] == '(prefers-color-scheme: dark)'
+
+    assert sorted(f.filename for f in app.builder._css_files) == [
+        '_static/classic.css',
+        '_static/pygments.css',
+        '_static/pygments_dark.css',
+    ]
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/pygments.css" />' in result
+    assert ('<link id="pygments_dark_css" media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" '
+            'rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" '
+            'href="_static/pygments_dark.css" />') in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='theming')
+def test_theme_sidebars(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+
+    # test-theme specifies globaltoc and searchbox as default sidebars
+    result = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '<h3><a href="#">Table of Contents</a></h3>' in result
+    assert '<h3>Related Topics</h3>' not in result
+    assert '<h3>This Page</h3>' not in result
+    assert '<h3 id="searchlabel">Quick search</h3>' in result
diff --git a/tests/test_toctree.py b/tests/test_toctree.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..39d0916
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_toctree.py
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+"""Test the HTML builder and check output against XPath."""
+import re
+
+import pytest
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='toctree-glob')
+def test_relations(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    assert app.builder.relations['index'] == [None, None, 'foo']
+    assert app.builder.relations['foo'] == ['index', 'index', 'bar/index']
+    assert app.builder.relations['bar/index'] == ['index', 'foo', 'bar/bar_1']
+    assert app.builder.relations['bar/bar_1'] == ['bar/index', 'bar/index', 'bar/bar_2']
+    assert app.builder.relations['bar/bar_2'] == ['bar/index', 'bar/bar_1', 'bar/bar_3']
+    assert app.builder.relations['bar/bar_3'] == ['bar/index', 'bar/bar_2', 'bar/bar_4/index']
+    assert app.builder.relations['bar/bar_4/index'] == ['bar/index', 'bar/bar_3', 'baz']
+    assert app.builder.relations['baz'] == ['index', 'bar/bar_4/index', 'qux/index']
+    assert app.builder.relations['qux/index'] == ['index', 'baz', 'qux/qux_1']
+    assert app.builder.relations['qux/qux_1'] == ['qux/index', 'qux/index', 'qux/qux_2']
+    assert app.builder.relations['qux/qux_2'] == ['qux/index', 'qux/qux_1', None]
+    assert 'quux' not in app.builder.relations
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('singlehtml', testroot='toctree-empty')
+def test_singlehtml_toctree(app, status, warning):
+    app.builder.build_all()
+    try:
+        app.builder._get_local_toctree('index')
+    except AttributeError:
+        pytest.fail('Unexpected AttributeError in app.builder.fix_refuris')
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx(testroot='toctree', srcdir="numbered-toctree")
+def test_numbered_toctree(app, status, warning):
+    # give argument to :numbered: option
+    index = (app.srcdir / 'index.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    index = re.sub(':numbered:.*', ':numbered: 1', index)
+    (app.srcdir / 'index.rst').write_text(index, encoding='utf8')
+    app.builder.build_all()
diff --git a/tests/test_transforms_move_module_targets.py b/tests/test_transforms_move_module_targets.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e0e9f1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_transforms_move_module_targets.py
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+import pytest
+from docutils import nodes
+
+from sphinx import addnodes
+from sphinx.testing.util import SphinxTestApp
+from sphinx.transforms import MoveModuleTargets
+
+CONTENT_PY = """\
+move-module-targets
+===================
+
+.. py:module:: fish_licence.halibut
+"""
+CONTENT_JS = """\
+move-module-targets
+===================
+
+.. js:module:: fish_licence.halibut
+"""
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('content', [
+    CONTENT_PY,  # Python
+    CONTENT_JS,  # JavaScript
+])
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("rollback_sysmodules")
+def test_move_module_targets(tmp_path, content):
+    # Test for the MoveModuleTargets transform
+    tmp_path.joinpath("conf.py").touch()
+    tmp_path.joinpath("index.rst").write_text(content, encoding="utf-8")
+
+    app = SphinxTestApp('dummy', srcdir=tmp_path)
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    document = app.env.get_doctree('index')
+    section = document[0]
+
+    # target ID has been lifted into the section node
+    assert section["ids"] == ['module-fish_licence.halibut', 'move-module-targets']
+    # nodes.target has been removed from 'section'
+    assert isinstance(section[0], nodes.title)
+    assert isinstance(section[1], addnodes.index)
+    assert len(section) == 2
+
+
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("rollback_sysmodules")
+def test_move_module_targets_no_section(tmp_path):
+    # Test for the MoveModuleTargets transform
+    tmp_path.joinpath("conf.py").touch()
+    tmp_path.joinpath("index.rst").write_text(".. py:module:: fish_licence.halibut\n", encoding="utf-8")
+
+    app = SphinxTestApp('dummy', srcdir=tmp_path)
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    document = app.env.get_doctree('index')
+
+    assert document["ids"] == []
+
+
+@pytest.mark.usefixtures("rollback_sysmodules")
+def test_move_module_targets_disabled(tmp_path):
+    # Test for the MoveModuleTargets transform
+    tmp_path.joinpath("conf.py").touch()
+    tmp_path.joinpath("index.rst").write_text(CONTENT_PY, encoding="utf-8")
+
+    app = SphinxTestApp('dummy', srcdir=tmp_path)
+    app.registry.transforms.remove(MoveModuleTargets)  # disable the transform
+    app.build(force_all=True)
+    document = app.env.get_doctree('index')
+    section = document[0]
+
+    # target ID is not lifted into the section node
+    assert section["ids"] == ['move-module-targets']
+    assert section[2]["ids"] == ['module-fish_licence.halibut']
+    # nodes.target remains in 'section'
+    assert isinstance(section[0], nodes.title)
+    assert isinstance(section[1], addnodes.index)
+    assert isinstance(section[2], nodes.target)
+    assert len(section) == 3
diff --git a/tests/test_transforms_post_transforms.py b/tests/test_transforms_post_transforms.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b9b6126
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_transforms_post_transforms.py
@@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
+"""Tests the post_transforms"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+import pytest
+from docutils import nodes
+
+from sphinx import addnodes
+from sphinx.addnodes import SIG_ELEMENTS
+from sphinx.testing.util import assert_node
+from sphinx.transforms.post_transforms import SigElementFallbackTransform
+from sphinx.util.docutils import new_document
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing import Any, NoReturn
+
+    from _pytest.fixtures import SubRequest
+
+    from sphinx.testing.util import SphinxTestApp
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='transforms-post_transforms-missing-reference')
+def test_nitpicky_warning(app, warning):
+    app.build()
+    assert ('index.rst:4: WARNING: py:class reference target '
+            'not found: io.StringIO' in warning.getvalue())
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert ('<p><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'
+            'io.StringIO</span></code></p>' in content)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='transforms-post_transforms-missing-reference',
+                    freshenv=True)
+def test_missing_reference(app, warning):
+    def missing_reference(app_, env_, node_, contnode_):
+        assert app_ is app
+        assert env_ is app.env
+        assert node_['reftarget'] == 'io.StringIO'
+        assert contnode_.astext() == 'io.StringIO'
+
+        return nodes.inline('', 'missing-reference.StringIO')
+
+    warning.truncate(0)
+    app.connect('missing-reference', missing_reference)
+    app.build()
+    assert warning.getvalue() == ''
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '<p><span>missing-reference.StringIO</span></p>' in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='domain-py-python_use_unqualified_type_names',
+                    freshenv=True)
+def test_missing_reference_conditional_pending_xref(app, warning):
+    def missing_reference(_app, _env, _node, contnode):
+        return contnode
+
+    warning.truncate(0)
+    app.connect('missing-reference', missing_reference)
+    app.build()
+    assert warning.getvalue() == ''
+
+    content = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert '<span class="n"><span class="pre">Age</span></span>' in content
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='transforms-post_transforms-keyboard',
+                    freshenv=True)
+def test_keyboard_hyphen_spaces(app):
+    """Regression test for issue 10495, we want no crash."""
+    app.build()
+    assert "spanish" in (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert "inquisition" in (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+
+class TestSigElementFallbackTransform:
+    """Integration test for :class:`sphinx.transforms.post_transforms.SigElementFallbackTransform`."""
+    # safe copy of the "built-in" desc_sig_* nodes (during the test, instances of such nodes
+    # will be created sequentially, so we fix a possible order at the beginning using a tuple)
+    _builtin_sig_elements: tuple[type[addnodes.desc_sig_element], ...] = tuple(SIG_ELEMENTS)
+
+    @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+    def builtin_sig_elements(self) -> tuple[type[addnodes.desc_sig_element], ...]:
+        """Fixture returning an ordered view on the original value of :data:`!sphinx.addnodes.SIG_ELEMENTS`."""
+        return self._builtin_sig_elements
+
+    @pytest.fixture()
+    def document(
+        self, app: SphinxTestApp, builtin_sig_elements: tuple[type[addnodes.desc_sig_element], ...],
+    ) -> nodes.document:
+        """Fixture returning a new document with built-in ``desc_sig_*`` nodes and a final ``desc_inline`` node."""
+        doc = new_document('')
+        doc.settings.env = app.env
+        # Nodes that should be supported by a default custom translator class.
+        # It is important that builtin_sig_elements has a fixed order so that
+        # the nodes can be deterministically checked.
+        doc += [node_type('', '') for node_type in builtin_sig_elements]
+        doc += addnodes.desc_inline('py')
+        return doc
+
+    @pytest.fixture()
+    def with_desc_sig_elements(self, value: Any) -> bool:
+        """Dynamic fixture acting as the identity on booleans."""
+        assert isinstance(value, bool)
+        return value
+
+    @pytest.fixture()
+    def add_visitor_method_for(self, value: Any) -> list[str]:
+        """Dynamic fixture acting as the identity on a list of strings."""
+        assert isinstance(value, list)
+        assert all(isinstance(item, str) for item in value)
+        return value
+
+    @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+    def translator_class(self, request: SubRequest) -> type[nodes.NodeVisitor]:
+        """Minimal interface fixture similar to SphinxTranslator but orthogonal thereof."""
+        logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+        class BaseCustomTranslatorClass(nodes.NodeVisitor):
+            """Base class for a custom translator class, orthogonal to ``SphinxTranslator``."""
+
+            def __init__(self, document, *_a):
+                super().__init__(document)
+                # ignore other arguments
+
+            def dispatch_visit(self, node):
+                for node_class in node.__class__.__mro__:
+                    if method := getattr(self, f'visit_{node_class.__name__}', None):
+                        method(node)
+                        break
+                else:
+                    logger.info('generic visit: %r', node.__class__.__name__)
+                    super().dispatch_visit(node)
+
+            def unknown_visit(self, node):
+                logger.warning('unknown visit: %r', node.__class__.__name__)
+                raise nodes.SkipDeparture  # ignore unknown departure
+
+            def visit_document(self, node):
+                raise nodes.SkipDeparture  # ignore departure
+
+            def mark_node(self, node: nodes.Node) -> NoReturn:
+                logger.info('mark: %r', node.__class__.__name__)
+                raise nodes.SkipDeparture  # ignore departure
+
+        with_desc_sig_elements = request.getfixturevalue('with_desc_sig_elements')
+        if with_desc_sig_elements:
+            desc_sig_elements_list = request.getfixturevalue('builtin_sig_elements')
+        else:
+            desc_sig_elements_list = []
+        add_visitor_method_for = request.getfixturevalue('add_visitor_method_for')
+        visitor_methods = {f'visit_{tp.__name__}' for tp in desc_sig_elements_list}
+        visitor_methods.update(f'visit_{name}' for name in add_visitor_method_for)
+        class_dict = dict.fromkeys(visitor_methods, BaseCustomTranslatorClass.mark_node)
+        return type('CustomTranslatorClass', (BaseCustomTranslatorClass,), class_dict)  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        'add_visitor_method_for',
+        [[], ['desc_inline']],
+        ids=[
+            'no_explicit_visitor',
+            'explicit_desc_inline_visitor',
+        ],
+    )
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        'with_desc_sig_elements',
+        [True, False],
+        ids=[
+            'with_default_visitors_for_desc_sig_elements',
+            'without_default_visitors_for_desc_sig_elements',
+        ],
+    )
+    @pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy')
+    def test_support_desc_inline(
+        self, document: nodes.document, with_desc_sig_elements: bool,
+            add_visitor_method_for: list[str], request: SubRequest,
+    ) -> None:
+        document, _, _ = self._exec(request)
+        # count the number of desc_inline nodes with the extra _sig_node_type field
+        desc_inline_typename = addnodes.desc_inline.__name__
+        visit_desc_inline = desc_inline_typename in add_visitor_method_for
+        if visit_desc_inline:
+            assert_node(document[-1], addnodes.desc_inline)
+        else:
+            assert_node(document[-1], nodes.inline, _sig_node_type=desc_inline_typename)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        'add_visitor_method_for',
+        [
+            [],  # no support
+            ['desc_sig_space'],  # enable desc_sig_space visitor
+            ['desc_sig_element'],  # enable generic visitor
+            ['desc_sig_space', 'desc_sig_element'],  # enable desc_sig_space and generic visitors
+        ],
+        ids=[
+            'no_explicit_visitor',
+            'explicit_desc_sig_space_visitor',
+            'explicit_desc_sig_element_visitor',
+            'explicit_desc_sig_space_and_desc_sig_element_visitors',
+        ],
+    )
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        'with_desc_sig_elements',
+        [True, False],
+        ids=[
+            'with_default_visitors_for_desc_sig_elements',
+            'without_default_visitors_for_desc_sig_elements',
+        ],
+    )
+    @pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy')
+    def test_custom_implementation(
+        self,
+        document: nodes.document,
+        with_desc_sig_elements: bool,
+        add_visitor_method_for: list[str],
+        request: SubRequest,
+    ) -> None:
+        document, stdout, stderr = self._exec(request)
+        assert len(self._builtin_sig_elements) == len(document.children[:-1]) == len(stdout[:-1])
+
+        visit_desc_sig_element = addnodes.desc_sig_element.__name__ in add_visitor_method_for
+        ignore_sig_element_fallback_transform = visit_desc_sig_element or with_desc_sig_elements
+
+        if ignore_sig_element_fallback_transform:
+            # desc_sig_element is implemented or desc_sig_* nodes are properly handled (and left untouched)
+            for node_type, node, mess in zip(self._builtin_sig_elements, document.children[:-1], stdout[:-1]):
+                assert_node(node, node_type)
+                assert not node.hasattr('_sig_node_type')
+                assert mess == f'mark: {node_type.__name__!r}'
+        else:
+            # desc_sig_* nodes are converted into inline nodes
+            for node_type, node, mess in zip(self._builtin_sig_elements, document.children[:-1], stdout[:-1]):
+                assert_node(node, nodes.inline, _sig_node_type=node_type.__name__)
+                assert mess == f'generic visit: {nodes.inline.__name__!r}'
+
+        # desc_inline node is never handled and always transformed
+        assert addnodes.desc_inline.__name__ not in add_visitor_method_for
+        assert_node(document[-1], nodes.inline, _sig_node_type=addnodes.desc_inline.__name__)
+        assert stdout[-1] == f'generic visit: {nodes.inline.__name__!r}'
+
+        # nodes.inline are never handled
+        assert len(stderr) == 1 if ignore_sig_element_fallback_transform else len(document.children)
+        assert set(stderr) == {f'unknown visit: {nodes.inline.__name__!r}'}
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _exec(request: SubRequest) -> tuple[nodes.document, list[str], list[str]]:
+        caplog = request.getfixturevalue('caplog')
+        caplog.set_level(logging.INFO, logger=__name__)
+
+        app = request.getfixturevalue('app')
+        translator_class = request.getfixturevalue('translator_class')
+        app.set_translator('dummy', translator_class)
+        # run the post-transform directly [building phase]
+        # document contains SIG_ELEMENTS nodes followed by a desc_inline node
+        document = request.getfixturevalue('document')
+        SigElementFallbackTransform(document).run()
+        # run the translator [writing phase]
+        translator = translator_class(document, app.builder)
+        document.walkabout(translator)
+        # extract messages
+        messages = caplog.record_tuples
+        stdout = [message for _, lvl, message in messages if lvl == logging.INFO]
+        stderr = [message for _, lvl, message in messages if lvl == logging.WARN]
+        return document, stdout, stderr
diff --git a/tests/test_transforms_post_transforms_code.py b/tests/test_transforms_post_transforms_code.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4423d5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_transforms_post_transforms_code.py
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+import pytest
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='trim_doctest_flags')
+def test_trim_doctest_flags_html(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert 'FOO' not in result
+    assert 'BAR' in result
+    assert 'BAZ' not in result
+    assert 'QUX' not in result
+    assert 'QUUX' not in result
+    assert 'CORGE' not in result
+    assert 'GRAULT' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('html', testroot='trim_doctest_flags',
+                    confoverrides={'trim_doctest_flags': False})
+def test_trim_doctest_flags_disabled(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'index.html').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert 'FOO' in result
+    assert 'BAR' in result
+    assert 'BAZ' in result
+    assert 'QUX' in result
+    assert 'QUUX' not in result
+    assert 'CORGE' not in result
+    assert 'GRAULT' in result
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('latex', testroot='trim_doctest_flags')
+def test_trim_doctest_flags_latex(app, status, warning):
+    app.build()
+
+    result = (app.outdir / 'python.tex').read_text(encoding='utf8')
+    assert 'FOO' not in result
+    assert 'BAR' in result
+    assert 'BAZ' not in result
+    assert 'QUX' not in result
+    assert 'QUUX' not in result
+    assert 'CORGE' not in result
+    assert 'GRAULT' in result
diff --git a/tests/test_transforms_reorder_nodes.py b/tests/test_transforms_reorder_nodes.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7ffdae6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_transforms_reorder_nodes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+"""Tests the transformations"""
+
+from docutils import nodes
+
+from sphinx import addnodes
+from sphinx.testing import restructuredtext
+from sphinx.testing.util import assert_node
+
+
+def test_transforms_reorder_consecutive_target_and_index_nodes_preserve_order(app):
+    text = ('.. index:: abc\n'
+            '.. index:: def\n'
+            '.. index:: ghi\n'
+            '.. index:: jkl\n'
+            '\n'
+            'text\n')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          addnodes.index,
+                          addnodes.index,
+                          addnodes.index,
+                          nodes.target,
+                          nodes.target,
+                          nodes.target,
+                          nodes.target,
+                          nodes.paragraph))
+    assert_node(doctree[0], addnodes.index, entries=[('single', 'abc', 'index-0', '', None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.index, entries=[('single', 'def', 'index-1', '', None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[2], addnodes.index, entries=[('single', 'ghi', 'index-2', '', None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[3], addnodes.index, entries=[('single', 'jkl', 'index-3', '', None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[4], nodes.target, refid='index-0')
+    assert_node(doctree[5], nodes.target, refid='index-1')
+    assert_node(doctree[6], nodes.target, refid='index-2')
+    assert_node(doctree[7], nodes.target, refid='index-3')
+    # assert_node(doctree[8], nodes.paragraph)
+
+
+def test_transforms_reorder_consecutive_target_and_index_nodes_no_merge_across_other_nodes(app):
+    text = ('.. index:: abc\n'
+            '.. index:: def\n'
+            '\n'
+            'text\n'
+            '\n'
+            '.. index:: ghi\n'
+            '.. index:: jkl\n'
+            '\n'
+            'text\n')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (addnodes.index,
+                          addnodes.index,
+                          nodes.target,
+                          nodes.target,
+                          nodes.paragraph,
+                          addnodes.index,
+                          addnodes.index,
+                          nodes.target,
+                          nodes.target,
+                          nodes.paragraph))
+    assert_node(doctree[0], addnodes.index, entries=[('single', 'abc', 'index-0', '', None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.index, entries=[('single', 'def', 'index-1', '', None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[2], nodes.target, refid='index-0')
+    assert_node(doctree[3], nodes.target, refid='index-1')
+    # assert_node(doctree[4], nodes.paragraph)
+    assert_node(doctree[5], addnodes.index, entries=[('single', 'ghi', 'index-2', '', None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[6], addnodes.index, entries=[('single', 'jkl', 'index-3', '', None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[7], nodes.target, refid='index-2')
+    assert_node(doctree[8], nodes.target, refid='index-3')
+    # assert_node(doctree[9], nodes.paragraph)
+
+
+def test_transforms_reorder_consecutive_target_and_index_nodes_merge_with_labels(app):
+    text = ('.. _abc:\n'
+            '.. index:: def\n'
+            '.. _ghi:\n'
+            '.. index:: jkl\n'
+            '.. _mno:\n'
+            '\n'
+            'Heading\n'
+            '=======\n')
+    doctree = restructuredtext.parse(app, text)
+    assert_node(doctree, (nodes.title,
+                          addnodes.index,
+                          addnodes.index,
+                          nodes.target,
+                          nodes.target,
+                          nodes.target,
+                          nodes.target,
+                          nodes.target))
+    # assert_node(doctree[8], nodes.title)
+    assert_node(doctree[1], addnodes.index, entries=[('single', 'def', 'index-0', '', None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[2], addnodes.index, entries=[('single', 'jkl', 'index-1', '', None)])
+    assert_node(doctree[3], nodes.target, refid='abc')
+    assert_node(doctree[4], nodes.target, refid='index-0')
+    assert_node(doctree[5], nodes.target, refid='ghi')
+    assert_node(doctree[6], nodes.target, refid='index-1')
+    assert_node(doctree[7], nodes.target, refid='mno')
diff --git a/tests/test_util.py b/tests/test_util.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4389894
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_util.py
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+"""Tests util functions."""
+
+import os
+import tempfile
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx.errors import ExtensionError
+from sphinx.util import encode_uri, ensuredir, import_object, parselinenos
+
+
+def test_encode_uri():
+    expected = ('https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_'
+                '%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_'
+                '%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85')
+    uri = ('https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki'
+           '/Система_управления_базами_данных')
+    assert expected == encode_uri(uri)
+
+    expected = ('https://github.com/search?utf8=%E2%9C%93&q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+is%3A'
+                'sprint-friendly+user%3Ajupyter&type=Issues&ref=searchresults')
+    uri = ('https://github.com/search?utf8=✓&q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+is%3A'
+           'sprint-friendly+user%3Ajupyter&type=Issues&ref=searchresults')
+    assert expected == encode_uri(uri)
+
+
+def test_ensuredir():
+    with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmp_path:
+        # Does not raise an exception for an existing directory.
+        ensuredir(tmp_path)
+
+        path = os.path.join(tmp_path, 'a', 'b', 'c')
+        ensuredir(path)
+        assert os.path.isdir(path)
+
+
+def test_import_object():
+    module = import_object('sphinx')
+    assert module.__name__ == 'sphinx'
+
+    module = import_object('sphinx.application')
+    assert module.__name__ == 'sphinx.application'
+
+    obj = import_object('sphinx.application.Sphinx')
+    assert obj.__name__ == 'Sphinx'
+
+    with pytest.raises(ExtensionError) as exc:
+        import_object('sphinx.unknown_module')
+    assert exc.value.args[0] == 'Could not import sphinx.unknown_module'
+
+    with pytest.raises(ExtensionError) as exc:
+        import_object('sphinx.unknown_module', 'my extension')
+    assert exc.value.args[0] == ('Could not import sphinx.unknown_module '
+                                 '(needed for my extension)')
+
+
+def test_parselinenos():
+    assert parselinenos('1,2,3', 10) == [0, 1, 2]
+    assert parselinenos('4, 5, 6', 10) == [3, 4, 5]
+    assert parselinenos('-4', 10) == [0, 1, 2, 3]
+    assert parselinenos('7-9', 10) == [6, 7, 8]
+    assert parselinenos('7-', 10) == [6, 7, 8, 9]
+    assert parselinenos('1,7-', 10) == [0, 6, 7, 8, 9]
+    assert parselinenos('7-7', 10) == [6]
+    assert parselinenos('11-', 10) == [10]
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="invalid line number spec: '1-2-3'"):
+        parselinenos('1-2-3', 10)
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="invalid line number spec: 'abc-def'"):
+        parselinenos('abc-def', 10)
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="invalid line number spec: '-'"):
+        parselinenos('-', 10)
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="invalid line number spec: '3-1'"):
+        parselinenos('3-1', 10)
diff --git a/tests/test_util_display.py b/tests/test_util_display.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9ecdd6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_util_display.py
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+"""Tests util functions."""
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx.testing.util import strip_escseq
+from sphinx.util import logging
+from sphinx.util.display import (
+    SkipProgressMessage,
+    display_chunk,
+    progress_message,
+    status_iterator,
+)
+
+
+def test_display_chunk():
+    assert display_chunk('hello') == 'hello'
+    assert display_chunk(['hello']) == 'hello'
+    assert display_chunk(['hello', 'sphinx', 'world']) == 'hello .. world'
+    assert display_chunk(('hello',)) == 'hello'
+    assert display_chunk(('hello', 'sphinx', 'world')) == 'hello .. world'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy')
+def test_status_iterator_length_0(app, status, warning):
+    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
+
+    # test for status_iterator (length=0)
+    status.seek(0)
+    status.truncate(0)
+    yields = list(status_iterator(['hello', 'sphinx', 'world'], 'testing ... '))
+    output = strip_escseq(status.getvalue())
+    assert 'testing ... hello sphinx world \n' in output
+    assert yields == ['hello', 'sphinx', 'world']
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy')
+def test_status_iterator_verbosity_0(app, status, warning):
+    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
+
+    # test for status_iterator (verbosity=0)
+    status.seek(0)
+    status.truncate(0)
+    yields = list(status_iterator(['hello', 'sphinx', 'world'], 'testing ... ',
+                                  length=3, verbosity=0))
+    output = strip_escseq(status.getvalue())
+    assert 'testing ... [ 33%] hello\r' in output
+    assert 'testing ... [ 67%] sphinx\r' in output
+    assert 'testing ... [100%] world\r\n' in output
+    assert yields == ['hello', 'sphinx', 'world']
+
+
+@pytest.mark.sphinx('dummy')
+def test_status_iterator_verbosity_1(app, status, warning):
+    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
+
+    # test for status_iterator (verbosity=1)
+    status.seek(0)
+    status.truncate(0)
+    yields = list(status_iterator(['hello', 'sphinx', 'world'], 'testing ... ',
+                                  length=3, verbosity=1))
+    output = strip_escseq(status.getvalue())
+    assert 'testing ... [ 33%] hello\n' in output
+    assert 'testing ... [ 67%] sphinx\n' in output
+    assert 'testing ... [100%] world\n\n' in output
+    assert yields == ['hello', 'sphinx', 'world']
+
+
+def test_progress_message(app, status, warning):
+    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
+    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+    # standard case
+    with progress_message('testing'):
+        logger.info('blah ', nonl=True)
+
+    output = strip_escseq(status.getvalue())
+    assert 'testing... blah done\n' in output
+
+    # skipping case
+    with progress_message('testing'):
+        raise SkipProgressMessage('Reason: %s', 'error')  # NoQA: EM101
+
+    output = strip_escseq(status.getvalue())
+    assert 'testing... skipped\nReason: error\n' in output
+
+    # error case
+    try:
+        with progress_message('testing'):
+            raise
+    except Exception:
+        pass
+
+    output = strip_escseq(status.getvalue())
+    assert 'testing... failed\n' in output
+
+    # decorator
+    @progress_message('testing')
+    def func():
+        logger.info('in func ', nonl=True)
+
+    func()
+    output = strip_escseq(status.getvalue())
+    assert 'testing... in func done\n' in output
diff --git a/tests/test_util_docstrings.py b/tests/test_util_docstrings.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..813e84e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_util_docstrings.py
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+"""Test sphinx.util.docstrings."""
+
+from sphinx.util.docstrings import prepare_commentdoc, prepare_docstring, separate_metadata
+
+
+def test_separate_metadata():
+    # metadata only
+    text = (":meta foo: bar\n"
+            ":meta baz:\n")
+    docstring, metadata = separate_metadata(text)
+    assert docstring == ''
+    assert metadata == {'foo': 'bar', 'baz': ''}
+
+    # non metadata field list item
+    text = (":meta foo: bar\n"
+            ":param baz:\n")
+    docstring, metadata = separate_metadata(text)
+    assert docstring == ':param baz:\n'
+    assert metadata == {'foo': 'bar'}
+
+    # field_list like text following just after paragraph is not a field_list
+    text = ("blah blah blah\n"
+            ":meta foo: bar\n"
+            ":meta baz:\n")
+    docstring, metadata = separate_metadata(text)
+    assert docstring == text
+    assert metadata == {}
+
+    # field_list like text following after blank line is a field_list
+    text = ("blah blah blah\n"
+            "\n"
+            ":meta foo: bar\n"
+            ":meta baz:\n")
+    docstring, metadata = separate_metadata(text)
+    assert docstring == "blah blah blah\n\n"
+    assert metadata == {'foo': 'bar', 'baz': ''}
+
+    # non field_list item breaks field_list
+    text = (":meta foo: bar\n"
+            "blah blah blah\n"
+            ":meta baz:\n")
+    docstring, metadata = separate_metadata(text)
+    assert docstring == ("blah blah blah\n"
+                         ":meta baz:\n")
+    assert metadata == {'foo': 'bar'}
+
+
+def test_prepare_docstring():
+    docstring = """multiline docstring
+
+                Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit,
+                sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna
+                aliqua::
+
+                  Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation
+                    ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.
+                """
+
+    assert (prepare_docstring(docstring) ==
+            ["multiline docstring",
+             "",
+             "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit,",
+             "sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna",
+             "aliqua::",
+             "",
+             "  Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation",
+             "    ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.",
+             ""])
+
+    docstring = """
+
+                multiline docstring with leading empty lines
+                """
+    assert (prepare_docstring(docstring) ==
+            ["multiline docstring with leading empty lines",
+             ""])
+
+    docstring = "single line docstring"
+    assert (prepare_docstring(docstring) ==
+            ["single line docstring",
+             ""])
+
+
+def test_prepare_commentdoc():
+    assert prepare_commentdoc("hello world") == []
+    assert prepare_commentdoc("#: hello world") == ["hello world", ""]
+    assert prepare_commentdoc("#:  hello world") == [" hello world", ""]
+    assert prepare_commentdoc("#: hello\n#: world\n") == ["hello", "world", ""]
diff --git a/tests/test_util_docutils.py b/tests/test_util_docutils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..69999eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_util_docutils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+"""Tests util.utils functions."""
+
+import os
+
+from docutils import nodes
+
+from sphinx.util.docutils import (
+    SphinxFileOutput,
+    SphinxTranslator,
+    docutils_namespace,
+    new_document,
+    register_node,
+)
+
+
+def test_register_node():
+    class custom_node(nodes.Element):
+        pass
+
+    with docutils_namespace():
+        register_node(custom_node)
+
+        # check registered
+        assert hasattr(nodes.GenericNodeVisitor, 'visit_custom_node')
+        assert hasattr(nodes.GenericNodeVisitor, 'depart_custom_node')
+        assert hasattr(nodes.SparseNodeVisitor, 'visit_custom_node')
+        assert hasattr(nodes.SparseNodeVisitor, 'depart_custom_node')
+
+    # check unregistered outside namespace
+    assert not hasattr(nodes.GenericNodeVisitor, 'visit_custom_node')
+    assert not hasattr(nodes.GenericNodeVisitor, 'depart_custom_node')
+    assert not hasattr(nodes.SparseNodeVisitor, 'visit_custom_node')
+    assert not hasattr(nodes.SparseNodeVisitor, 'depart_custom_node')
+
+
+def test_SphinxFileOutput(tmpdir):
+    content = 'Hello Sphinx World'
+
+    # write test.txt at first
+    filename = str(tmpdir / 'test.txt')
+    output = SphinxFileOutput(destination_path=filename)
+    output.write(content)
+    os.utime(filename, (0, 0))
+
+    # overwrite it again
+    output.write(content)
+    assert os.stat(filename).st_mtime != 0  # updated
+
+    # write test2.txt at first
+    filename = str(tmpdir / 'test2.txt')
+    output = SphinxFileOutput(destination_path=filename, overwrite_if_changed=True)
+    output.write(content)
+    os.utime(filename, (0, 0))
+
+    # overwrite it again
+    output.write(content)
+    assert os.stat(filename).st_mtime == 0  # not updated
+
+    # overwrite it again (content changed)
+    output.write(content + "; content change")
+    assert os.stat(filename).st_mtime != 0  # updated
+
+
+def test_SphinxTranslator(app):
+    class CustomNode(nodes.inline):
+        pass
+
+    class MyTranslator(SphinxTranslator):
+        def __init__(self, *args):
+            self.called = []
+            super().__init__(*args)
+
+        def visit_document(self, node):
+            pass
+
+        def depart_document(self, node):
+            pass
+
+        def visit_inline(self, node):
+            self.called.append('visit_inline')
+
+        def depart_inline(self, node):
+            self.called.append('depart_inline')
+
+    document = new_document('')
+    document += CustomNode()
+
+    translator = MyTranslator(document, app.builder)
+    document.walkabout(translator)
+
+    # MyTranslator does not have visit_CustomNode. But it calls visit_inline instead.
+    assert translator.called == ['visit_inline', 'depart_inline']
diff --git a/tests/test_util_fileutil.py b/tests/test_util_fileutil.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9c23821
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_util_fileutil.py
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+"""Tests sphinx.util.fileutil functions."""
+
+from unittest import mock
+
+from sphinx.jinja2glue import BuiltinTemplateLoader
+from sphinx.util.fileutil import copy_asset, copy_asset_file
+
+
+class DummyTemplateLoader(BuiltinTemplateLoader):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__()
+        builder = mock.Mock()
+        builder.config.templates_path = []
+        builder.app.translator = None
+        self.init(builder)
+
+
+def test_copy_asset_file(tmp_path):
+    renderer = DummyTemplateLoader()
+
+    # copy normal file
+    src = (tmp_path / 'asset.txt')
+    src.write_text('# test data', encoding='utf8')
+    dest = (tmp_path / 'output.txt')
+
+    copy_asset_file(src, dest)
+    assert dest.exists()
+    assert src.read_text(encoding='utf8') == dest.read_text(encoding='utf8')
+
+    # copy template file
+    src = (tmp_path / 'asset.txt_t')
+    src.write_text('# {{var1}} data', encoding='utf8')
+    dest = (tmp_path / 'output.txt_t')
+
+    copy_asset_file(str(src), str(dest), {'var1': 'template'}, renderer)
+    assert not dest.exists()
+    assert (tmp_path / 'output.txt').exists()
+    assert (tmp_path / 'output.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8') == '# template data'
+
+    # copy template file to subdir
+    src = (tmp_path / 'asset.txt_t')
+    src.write_text('# {{var1}} data', encoding='utf8')
+    subdir1 = (tmp_path / 'subdir')
+    subdir1.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+    copy_asset_file(src, subdir1, {'var1': 'template'}, renderer)
+    assert (subdir1 / 'asset.txt').exists()
+    assert (subdir1 / 'asset.txt').read_text(encoding='utf8') == '# template data'
+
+    # copy template file without context
+    src = (tmp_path / 'asset.txt_t')
+    subdir2 = (tmp_path / 'subdir2')
+    subdir2.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+    copy_asset_file(src, subdir2)
+    assert not (subdir2 / 'asset.txt').exists()
+    assert (subdir2 / 'asset.txt_t').exists()
+    assert (subdir2 / 'asset.txt_t').read_text(encoding='utf8') == '# {{var1}} data'
+
+
+def test_copy_asset(tmp_path):
+    renderer = DummyTemplateLoader()
+
+    # prepare source files
+    source = (tmp_path / 'source')
+    source.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    (source / 'index.rst').write_text('index.rst', encoding='utf8')
+    (source / 'foo.rst_t').write_text('{{var1}}.rst', encoding='utf8')
+    (source / '_static').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    (source / '_static' / 'basic.css').write_text('basic.css', encoding='utf8')
+    (source / '_templates').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    (source / '_templates' / 'layout.html').write_text('layout.html', encoding='utf8')
+    (source / '_templates' / 'sidebar.html_t').write_text('sidebar: {{var2}}', encoding='utf8')
+
+    # copy a single file
+    assert not (tmp_path / 'test1').exists()
+    copy_asset(source / 'index.rst', tmp_path / 'test1')
+    assert (tmp_path / 'test1').exists()
+    assert (tmp_path / 'test1/index.rst').exists()
+
+    # copy directories
+    destdir = tmp_path / 'test2'
+    copy_asset(source, destdir, context={'var1': 'bar', 'var2': 'baz'}, renderer=renderer)
+    assert (destdir / 'index.rst').exists()
+    assert (destdir / 'foo.rst').exists()
+    assert (destdir / 'foo.rst').read_text(encoding='utf8') == 'bar.rst'
+    assert (destdir / '_static' / 'basic.css').exists()
+    assert (destdir / '_templates' / 'layout.html').exists()
+    assert (destdir / '_templates' / 'sidebar.html').exists()
+    assert (destdir / '_templates' / 'sidebar.html').read_text(encoding='utf8') == 'sidebar: baz'
+
+    # copy with exclusion
+    def excluded(path):
+        return ('sidebar.html' in path or 'basic.css' in path)
+
+    destdir = tmp_path / 'test3'
+    copy_asset(source, destdir, excluded,
+               context={'var1': 'bar', 'var2': 'baz'}, renderer=renderer)
+    assert (destdir / 'index.rst').exists()
+    assert (destdir / 'foo.rst').exists()
+    assert not (destdir / '_static' / 'basic.css').exists()
+    assert (destdir / '_templates' / 'layout.html').exists()
+    assert not (destdir / '_templates' / 'sidebar.html').exists()
diff --git a/tests/test_util_i18n.py b/tests/test_util_i18n.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9a1ecc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_util_i18n.py
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+"""Test i18n util."""
+
+import datetime
+import os
+
+import babel
+import pytest
+from babel.messages.mofile import read_mo
+
+from sphinx.errors import SphinxError
+from sphinx.util import i18n
+
+BABEL_VERSION = tuple(map(int, babel.__version__.split('.')))
+
+
+def test_catalog_info_for_file_and_path():
+    cat = i18n.CatalogInfo('path', 'domain', 'utf-8')
+    assert cat.po_file == 'domain.po'
+    assert cat.mo_file == 'domain.mo'
+    assert cat.po_path == os.path.join('path', 'domain.po')
+    assert cat.mo_path == os.path.join('path', 'domain.mo')
+
+
+def test_catalog_info_for_sub_domain_file_and_path():
+    cat = i18n.CatalogInfo('path', 'sub/domain', 'utf-8')
+    assert cat.po_file == 'sub/domain.po'
+    assert cat.mo_file == 'sub/domain.mo'
+    assert cat.po_path == os.path.join('path', 'sub/domain.po')
+    assert cat.mo_path == os.path.join('path', 'sub/domain.mo')
+
+
+def test_catalog_outdated(tmp_path):
+    (tmp_path / 'test.po').write_text('#', encoding='utf8')
+    cat = i18n.CatalogInfo(tmp_path, 'test', 'utf-8')
+    assert cat.is_outdated()  # if mo is not exist
+
+    mo_file = (tmp_path / 'test.mo')
+    mo_file.write_text('#', encoding='utf8')
+    assert not cat.is_outdated()  # if mo is exist and newer than po
+
+    os.utime(mo_file, (os.stat(mo_file).st_mtime - 10,) * 2)  # to be outdate
+    assert cat.is_outdated()  # if mo is exist and older than po
+
+
+def test_catalog_write_mo(tmp_path):
+    (tmp_path / 'test.po').write_text('#', encoding='utf8')
+    cat = i18n.CatalogInfo(tmp_path, 'test', 'utf-8')
+    cat.write_mo('en')
+    assert os.path.exists(cat.mo_path)
+    with open(cat.mo_path, 'rb') as f:
+        assert read_mo(f) is not None
+
+
+def test_format_date():
+    date = datetime.date(2016, 2, 7)
+
+    # strftime format
+    format = '%B %d, %Y'
+    assert i18n.format_date(format, date=date, language='') == 'February 07, 2016'
+    assert i18n.format_date(format, date=date, language='unknown') == 'February 07, 2016'
+    assert i18n.format_date(format, date=date, language='en') == 'February 07, 2016'
+    assert i18n.format_date(format, date=date, language='ja') == '2月 07, 2016'
+    assert i18n.format_date(format, date=date, language='de') == 'Februar 07, 2016'
+
+    # raw string
+    format = 'Mon Mar 28 12:37:08 2016, commit 4367aef'
+    assert i18n.format_date(format, date=date, language='en') == format
+
+    format = '%B %d, %Y, %H:%M:%S %I %p'
+    datet = datetime.datetime(2016, 2, 7, 5, 11, 17, 0)  # NoQA: DTZ001
+    assert i18n.format_date(format, date=datet, language='en') == 'February 07, 2016, 05:11:17 05 AM'
+
+    format = '%B %-d, %Y, %-H:%-M:%-S %-I %p'
+    assert i18n.format_date(format, date=datet, language='en') == 'February 7, 2016, 5:11:17 5 AM'
+    format = '%x'
+    assert i18n.format_date(format, date=datet, language='en') == 'Feb 7, 2016'
+    format = '%X'
+    if BABEL_VERSION >= (2, 12):
+        assert i18n.format_date(format, date=datet, language='en') == '5:11:17\u202fAM'
+    else:
+        assert i18n.format_date(format, date=datet, language='en') == '5:11:17 AM'
+    assert i18n.format_date(format, date=date, language='en') == 'Feb 7, 2016'
+    format = '%c'
+    if BABEL_VERSION >= (2, 12):
+        assert i18n.format_date(format, date=datet, language='en') == 'Feb 7, 2016, 5:11:17\u202fAM'
+    else:
+        assert i18n.format_date(format, date=datet, language='en') == 'Feb 7, 2016, 5:11:17 AM'
+    assert i18n.format_date(format, date=date, language='en') == 'Feb 7, 2016'
+
+    # timezone
+    format = '%Z'
+    assert i18n.format_date(format, date=datet, language='en') == 'UTC'
+    format = '%z'
+    assert i18n.format_date(format, date=datet, language='en') == '+0000'
+
+
+def test_get_filename_for_language(app):
+    app.env.temp_data['docname'] = 'index'
+
+    # language is en
+    app.env.config.language = 'en'
+    assert i18n.get_image_filename_for_language('foo.png', app.env) == 'foo.en.png'
+    assert i18n.get_image_filename_for_language('foo.bar.png', app.env) == 'foo.bar.en.png'
+    assert i18n.get_image_filename_for_language('dir/foo.png', app.env) == 'dir/foo.en.png'
+    assert i18n.get_image_filename_for_language('../foo.png', app.env) == '../foo.en.png'
+    assert i18n.get_image_filename_for_language('foo', app.env) == 'foo.en'
+
+    # modify figure_language_filename and language is 'en'
+    app.env.config.language = 'en'
+    app.env.config.figure_language_filename = 'images/{language}/{root}{ext}'
+    assert i18n.get_image_filename_for_language('foo.png', app.env) == 'images/en/foo.png'
+    assert i18n.get_image_filename_for_language(
+        'foo.bar.png', app.env) == 'images/en/foo.bar.png'
+    assert i18n.get_image_filename_for_language(
+        'subdir/foo.png', app.env) == 'images/en/subdir/foo.png'
+    assert i18n.get_image_filename_for_language(
+        '../foo.png', app.env) == 'images/en/../foo.png'
+    assert i18n.get_image_filename_for_language('foo', app.env) == 'images/en/foo'
+
+    # new path and basename tokens
+    app.env.config.language = 'en'
+    app.env.config.figure_language_filename = '{path}{language}/{basename}{ext}'
+    assert i18n.get_image_filename_for_language('foo.png', app.env) == 'en/foo.png'
+    assert i18n.get_image_filename_for_language(
+        'foo.bar.png', app.env) == 'en/foo.bar.png'
+    assert i18n.get_image_filename_for_language(
+        'subdir/foo.png', app.env) == 'subdir/en/foo.png'
+    assert i18n.get_image_filename_for_language(
+        '../foo.png', app.env) == '../en/foo.png'
+    assert i18n.get_image_filename_for_language('foo', app.env) == 'en/foo'
+
+    # invalid figure_language_filename
+    app.env.config.figure_language_filename = '{root}.{invalid}{ext}'
+    with pytest.raises(SphinxError):
+        i18n.get_image_filename_for_language('foo.png', app.env)
+
+    # docpath (for a document in the top of source directory)
+    app.env.config.language = 'en'
+    app.env.config.figure_language_filename = '/{docpath}{language}/{basename}{ext}'
+    assert (i18n.get_image_filename_for_language('foo.png', app.env) ==
+            '/en/foo.png')
+
+    # docpath (for a document in the sub directory)
+    app.env.temp_data['docname'] = 'subdir/index'
+    assert (i18n.get_image_filename_for_language('foo.png', app.env) ==
+            '/subdir/en/foo.png')
+
+
+def test_CatalogRepository(tmp_path):
+    (tmp_path / 'loc1' / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    (tmp_path / 'loc1' / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'test1.po').write_text('#', encoding='utf8')
+    (tmp_path / 'loc1' / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'test2.po').write_text('#', encoding='utf8')
+    (tmp_path / 'loc1' / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'sub').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    (tmp_path / 'loc1' / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'sub' / 'test3.po').write_text('#', encoding='utf8')
+    (tmp_path / 'loc1' / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'sub' / 'test4.po').write_text('#', encoding='utf8')
+    (tmp_path / 'loc1' / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / '.dotdir').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    (tmp_path / 'loc1' / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / '.dotdir' / 'test5.po').write_text('#', encoding='utf8')
+    (tmp_path / 'loc1' / 'yy' / 'LC_MESSAGES').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    (tmp_path / 'loc1' / 'yy' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'test6.po').write_text('#', encoding='utf8')
+    (tmp_path / 'loc2' / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES').mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    (tmp_path / 'loc2' / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'test1.po').write_text('#', encoding='utf8')
+    (tmp_path / 'loc2' / 'xx' / 'LC_MESSAGES' / 'test7.po').write_text('#', encoding='utf8')
+
+    # for language xx
+    repo = i18n.CatalogRepository(tmp_path, ['loc1', 'loc2'], 'xx', 'utf-8')
+    assert list(repo.locale_dirs) == [str(tmp_path / 'loc1'),
+                                      str(tmp_path / 'loc2')]
+    assert all(isinstance(c, i18n.CatalogInfo) for c in repo.catalogs)
+    assert sorted(c.domain for c in repo.catalogs) == ['sub/test3', 'sub/test4',
+                                                       'test1', 'test1', 'test2', 'test7']
+
+    # for language yy
+    repo = i18n.CatalogRepository(tmp_path, ['loc1', 'loc2'], 'yy', 'utf-8')
+    assert sorted(c.domain for c in repo.catalogs) == ['test6']
+
+    # unknown languages
+    repo = i18n.CatalogRepository(tmp_path, ['loc1', 'loc2'], 'zz', 'utf-8')
+    assert sorted(c.domain for c in repo.catalogs) == []
+
+    # no languages
+    repo = i18n.CatalogRepository(tmp_path, ['loc1', 'loc2'], None, 'utf-8')
+    assert sorted(c.domain for c in repo.catalogs) == []
+
+    # unknown locale_dirs
+    repo = i18n.CatalogRepository(tmp_path, ['loc3'], None, 'utf-8')
+    assert sorted(c.domain for c in repo.catalogs) == []
+
+    # no locale_dirs
+    repo = i18n.CatalogRepository(tmp_path, [], None, 'utf-8')
+    assert sorted(c.domain for c in repo.catalogs) == []
diff --git a/tests/test_util_images.py b/tests/test_util_images.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..15853c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_util_images.py
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+"""Test images util."""
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx.util.images import (
+    get_image_extension,
+    get_image_size,
+    guess_mimetype,
+    parse_data_uri,
+)
+
+GIF_FILENAME = 'img.gif'
+PNG_FILENAME = 'img.png'
+PDF_FILENAME = 'img.pdf'
+TXT_FILENAME = 'index.txt'
+
+
+def test_get_image_size(rootdir):
+    assert get_image_size(rootdir / 'test-root' / GIF_FILENAME) == (200, 181)
+    assert get_image_size(rootdir / 'test-root' / PNG_FILENAME) == (200, 181)
+    assert get_image_size(rootdir / 'test-root' / PDF_FILENAME) is None
+    assert get_image_size(rootdir / 'test-root' / TXT_FILENAME) is None
+
+
+@pytest.mark.filterwarnings('ignore:The content argument')
+def test_guess_mimetype():
+    # guess by filename
+    assert guess_mimetype('img.png') == 'image/png'
+    assert guess_mimetype('img.jpg') == 'image/jpeg'
+    assert guess_mimetype('img.txt') is None
+    assert guess_mimetype('img.txt', default='text/plain') == 'text/plain'
+    assert guess_mimetype('no_extension') is None
+    assert guess_mimetype('IMG.PNG') == 'image/png'
+
+    # default parameter is used when no extension
+    assert guess_mimetype('img.png', 'text/plain') == 'image/png'
+    assert guess_mimetype('no_extension', 'text/plain') == 'text/plain'
+
+
+def test_get_image_extension():
+    assert get_image_extension('image/png') == '.png'
+    assert get_image_extension('image/jpeg') == '.jpg'
+    assert get_image_extension('image/svg+xml') == '.svg'
+    assert get_image_extension('text/plain') is None
+
+
+def test_parse_data_uri():
+    # standard case
+    uri = ("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAAFCAYAAACNbyblAAAAHElEQVQI12P4"
+           "//8/w38GIAXDIBKE0DHxgljNBAAO9TXL0Y4OHwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==")
+    image = parse_data_uri(uri)
+    assert image is not None
+    assert image.mimetype == 'image/png'
+    assert image.charset == 'US-ASCII'
+
+    # no mimetype
+    uri = ("data:charset=utf-8,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAAFCAYAAACNbyblAAAAHElE"
+           "QVQI12P4//8/w38GIAXDIBKE0DHxgljNBAAO9TXL0Y4OHwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==")
+    image = parse_data_uri(uri)
+    assert image is not None
+    assert image.mimetype == 'text/plain'
+    assert image.charset == 'utf-8'
+
+    # non data URI
+    uri = ("image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAAFCAYAAACNbyblAAAAHElEQVQI12P4"
+           "//8/w38GIAXDIBKE0DHxgljNBAAO9TXL0Y4OHwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==")
+    image = parse_data_uri(uri)
+    assert image is None
+
+    # invalid data URI (no properties)
+    uri = ("data:iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAAFCAYAAACNbyblAAAAHElEQVQI12P4"
+           "//8/w38GIAXDIBKE0DHxgljNBAAO9TXL0Y4OHwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==")
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=r'not enough values to unpack \(expected 2, got 1\)'):
+        parse_data_uri(uri)
diff --git a/tests/test_util_inspect.py b/tests/test_util_inspect.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..73f9656
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_util_inspect.py
@@ -0,0 +1,869 @@
+"""Tests util.inspect functions."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import ast
+import datetime
+import enum
+import functools
+import sys
+import types
+from inspect import Parameter
+from typing import Callable, List, Optional, Union  # NoQA: UP035
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx.util import inspect
+from sphinx.util.inspect import TypeAliasForwardRef, TypeAliasNamespace, stringify_signature
+from sphinx.util.typing import stringify_annotation
+
+
+class Base:
+    def meth(self):
+        pass
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def staticmeth():
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    def classmeth(cls):
+        pass
+
+    @property
+    def prop(self):
+        pass
+
+    partialmeth = functools.partialmethod(meth)
+
+    async def coroutinemeth(self):
+        pass
+
+    partial_coroutinemeth = functools.partialmethod(coroutinemeth)
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def coroutineclassmeth(cls):
+        """A documented coroutine classmethod"""
+        pass
+
+
+class Inherited(Base):
+    pass
+
+
+def func():
+    pass
+
+
+async def coroutinefunc():
+    pass
+
+
+async def asyncgenerator():
+    yield
+
+partial_func = functools.partial(func)
+partial_coroutinefunc = functools.partial(coroutinefunc)
+
+builtin_func = print
+partial_builtin_func = functools.partial(print)
+
+
+class Descriptor:
+    def __get__(self, obj, typ=None):
+        pass
+
+
+class _Callable:
+    def __call__(self):
+        pass
+
+
+def _decorator(f):
+    @functools.wraps(f)
+    def wrapper():
+        return f()
+    return wrapper
+
+
+def test_TypeAliasForwardRef():
+    alias = TypeAliasForwardRef('example')
+    assert stringify_annotation(alias, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == 'example'
+
+    alias = Optional[alias]
+    assert stringify_annotation(alias, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == 'example | None'
+
+
+def test_TypeAliasNamespace():
+    import logging.config
+    type_alias = TypeAliasNamespace({'logging.Filter': 'MyFilter',
+                                     'logging.Handler': 'MyHandler',
+                                     'logging.handlers.SyslogHandler': 'MySyslogHandler'})
+
+    assert type_alias['logging'].Filter == 'MyFilter'
+    assert type_alias['logging'].Handler == 'MyHandler'
+    assert type_alias['logging'].handlers.SyslogHandler == 'MySyslogHandler'
+    assert type_alias['logging'].Logger == logging.Logger
+    assert type_alias['logging'].config == logging.config
+
+    with pytest.raises(KeyError):
+        assert type_alias['log']
+
+    with pytest.raises(KeyError):
+        assert type_alias['unknown']
+
+
+def test_signature():
+    # literals
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+        inspect.signature(1)
+
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+        inspect.signature('')
+
+    # builtins are supported on a case-by-case basis, depending on whether
+    # they define __text_signature__
+    if getattr(list, '__text_signature__', None):
+        sig = inspect.stringify_signature(inspect.signature(list))
+        assert sig == '(iterable=(), /)'
+    else:
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match='no signature found for builtin type'):
+            inspect.signature(list)
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match='no signature found for builtin type'):
+        inspect.signature(range)
+
+    # normal function
+    def func(a, b, c=1, d=2, *e, **f):
+        pass
+
+    sig = inspect.stringify_signature(inspect.signature(func))
+    assert sig == '(a, b, c=1, d=2, *e, **f)'
+
+
+def test_signature_partial():
+    def fun(a, b, c=1, d=2):
+        pass
+    p = functools.partial(fun, 10, c=11)
+
+    sig = inspect.signature(p)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(b, *, c=11, d=2)'
+
+
+def test_signature_methods():
+    class Foo:
+        def meth1(self, arg1, **kwargs):
+            pass
+
+        @classmethod
+        def meth2(cls, arg1, *args, **kwargs):
+            pass
+
+        @staticmethod
+        def meth3(arg1, *args, **kwargs):
+            pass
+
+    @functools.wraps(Foo().meth1)
+    def wrapped_bound_method(*args, **kwargs):
+        pass
+
+    # unbound method
+    sig = inspect.signature(Foo.meth1)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(self, arg1, **kwargs)'
+
+    sig = inspect.signature(Foo.meth1, bound_method=True)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(arg1, **kwargs)'
+
+    # bound method
+    sig = inspect.signature(Foo().meth1)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(arg1, **kwargs)'
+
+    # class method
+    sig = inspect.signature(Foo.meth2)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(arg1, *args, **kwargs)'
+
+    sig = inspect.signature(Foo().meth2)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(arg1, *args, **kwargs)'
+
+    # static method
+    sig = inspect.signature(Foo.meth3)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(arg1, *args, **kwargs)'
+
+    sig = inspect.signature(Foo().meth3)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(arg1, *args, **kwargs)'
+
+    # wrapped bound method
+    sig = inspect.signature(wrapped_bound_method)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(arg1, **kwargs)'
+
+
+def test_signature_partialmethod():
+    from functools import partialmethod
+
+    class Foo:
+        def meth1(self, arg1, arg2, arg3=None, arg4=None):
+            pass
+
+        def meth2(self, arg1, arg2):
+            pass
+
+        foo = partialmethod(meth1, 1, 2)
+        bar = partialmethod(meth1, 1, arg3=3)
+        baz = partialmethod(meth2, 1, 2)
+
+    subject = Foo()
+    sig = inspect.signature(subject.foo)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(arg3=None, arg4=None)'
+
+    sig = inspect.signature(subject.bar)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(arg2, *, arg3=3, arg4=None)'
+
+    sig = inspect.signature(subject.baz)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '()'
+
+
+def test_signature_annotations():
+    from .typing_test_data import (
+        Node,
+        f0,
+        f1,
+        f2,
+        f3,
+        f4,
+        f5,
+        f6,
+        f7,
+        f8,
+        f9,
+        f10,
+        f11,
+        f12,
+        f13,
+        f14,
+        f15,
+        f16,
+        f17,
+        f18,
+        f19,
+        f20,
+        f21,
+        f22,
+        f23,
+        f24,
+        f25,
+    )
+
+    # Class annotations
+    sig = inspect.signature(f0)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(x: int, y: numbers.Integral) -> None'
+
+    # Generic types with concrete parameters
+    sig = inspect.signature(f1)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(x: list[int]) -> typing.List[int]'
+
+    # TypeVars and generic types with TypeVars
+    sig = inspect.signature(f2)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == ('(x: typing.List[tests.typing_test_data.T],'
+                                        ' y: typing.List[tests.typing_test_data.T_co],'
+                                        ' z: tests.typing_test_data.T'
+                                        ') -> typing.List[tests.typing_test_data.T_contra]')
+
+    # Union types
+    sig = inspect.signature(f3)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(x: str | numbers.Integral) -> None'
+
+    # Quoted annotations
+    sig = inspect.signature(f4)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(x: str, y: str) -> None'
+
+    # Keyword-only arguments
+    sig = inspect.signature(f5)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(x: int, *, y: str, z: str) -> None'
+
+    # Keyword-only arguments with varargs
+    sig = inspect.signature(f6)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(x: int, *args, y: str, z: str) -> None'
+
+    # Space around '=' for defaults
+    sig = inspect.signature(f7)
+    if sys.version_info[:2] <= (3, 10):
+        assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(x: int | None = None, y: dict = {}) -> None'
+    else:
+        assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(x: int = None, y: dict = {}) -> None'
+
+    # Callable types
+    sig = inspect.signature(f8)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(x: typing.Callable[[int, str], int]) -> None'
+
+    sig = inspect.signature(f9)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(x: typing.Callable) -> None'
+
+    # Tuple types
+    sig = inspect.signature(f10)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(x: typing.Tuple[int, str], y: typing.Tuple[int, ...]) -> None'
+
+    # Instance annotations
+    sig = inspect.signature(f11)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(x: CustomAnnotation, y: 123) -> None'
+
+    # tuple with more than two items
+    sig = inspect.signature(f12)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '() -> typing.Tuple[int, str, int]'
+
+    # optional
+    sig = inspect.signature(f13)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '() -> str | None'
+
+    # optional union
+    sig = inspect.signature(f20)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) in ('() -> int | str | None',
+                                        '() -> str | int | None')
+
+    # Any
+    sig = inspect.signature(f14)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '() -> typing.Any'
+
+    # ForwardRef
+    sig = inspect.signature(f15)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(x: Unknown, y: int) -> typing.Any'
+
+    # keyword only arguments (1)
+    sig = inspect.signature(f16)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(arg1, arg2, *, arg3=None, arg4=None)'
+
+    # keyword only arguments (2)
+    sig = inspect.signature(f17)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(*, arg3, arg4)'
+
+    sig = inspect.signature(f18)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == ('(self, arg1: int | typing.Tuple = 10) -> '
+                                        'typing.List[typing.Dict]')
+
+    # annotations for variadic and keyword parameters
+    sig = inspect.signature(f19)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(*args: int, **kwargs: str)'
+
+    # default value is inspect.Signature.empty
+    sig = inspect.signature(f21)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == "(arg1='whatever', arg2)"
+
+    # type hints by string
+    sig = inspect.signature(Node.children)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(self) -> typing.List[tests.typing_test_data.Node]'
+
+    sig = inspect.signature(Node.__init__)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(self, parent: tests.typing_test_data.Node | None) -> None'
+
+    # show_annotation is False
+    sig = inspect.signature(f7)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig, show_annotation=False) == '(x=None, y={})'
+
+    # show_return_annotation is False
+    sig = inspect.signature(f7)
+    if sys.version_info[:2] <= (3, 10):
+        assert stringify_signature(sig, show_return_annotation=False) == '(x: int | None = None, y: dict = {})'
+    else:
+        assert stringify_signature(sig, show_return_annotation=False) == '(x: int = None, y: dict = {})'
+
+    # unqualified_typehints is True
+    sig = inspect.signature(f7)
+    if sys.version_info[:2] <= (3, 10):
+        assert stringify_signature(sig, unqualified_typehints=True) == '(x: int | None = None, y: dict = {}) -> None'
+    else:
+        assert stringify_signature(sig, unqualified_typehints=True) == '(x: int = None, y: dict = {}) -> None'
+
+    # case: separator at head
+    sig = inspect.signature(f22)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(*, a, b)'
+
+    # case: separator in the middle
+    sig = inspect.signature(f23)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(a, b, /, c, d)'
+
+    sig = inspect.signature(f24)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(a, /, *, b)'
+
+    # case: separator at tail
+    sig = inspect.signature(f25)
+    assert stringify_signature(sig) == '(a, b, /)'
+
+
+def test_signature_from_str_basic():
+    signature = '(a, b, *args, c=0, d="blah", **kwargs)'
+    sig = inspect.signature_from_str(signature)
+    assert list(sig.parameters.keys()) == ['a', 'b', 'args', 'c', 'd', 'kwargs']
+    assert sig.parameters['a'].name == 'a'
+    assert sig.parameters['a'].kind == Parameter.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD
+    assert sig.parameters['a'].default == Parameter.empty
+    assert sig.parameters['a'].annotation == Parameter.empty
+    assert sig.parameters['b'].name == 'b'
+    assert sig.parameters['b'].kind == Parameter.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD
+    assert sig.parameters['b'].default == Parameter.empty
+    assert sig.parameters['b'].annotation == Parameter.empty
+    assert sig.parameters['args'].name == 'args'
+    assert sig.parameters['args'].kind == Parameter.VAR_POSITIONAL
+    assert sig.parameters['args'].default == Parameter.empty
+    assert sig.parameters['args'].annotation == Parameter.empty
+    assert sig.parameters['c'].name == 'c'
+    assert sig.parameters['c'].kind == Parameter.KEYWORD_ONLY
+    assert sig.parameters['c'].default == '0'
+    assert sig.parameters['c'].annotation == Parameter.empty
+    assert sig.parameters['d'].name == 'd'
+    assert sig.parameters['d'].kind == Parameter.KEYWORD_ONLY
+    assert sig.parameters['d'].default == "'blah'"
+    assert sig.parameters['d'].annotation == Parameter.empty
+    assert sig.parameters['kwargs'].name == 'kwargs'
+    assert sig.parameters['kwargs'].kind == Parameter.VAR_KEYWORD
+    assert sig.parameters['kwargs'].default == Parameter.empty
+    assert sig.parameters['kwargs'].annotation == Parameter.empty
+    assert sig.return_annotation == Parameter.empty
+
+
+def test_signature_from_str_default_values():
+    signature = ('(a=0, b=0.0, c="str", d=b"bytes", e=..., f=True, '
+                 'g=[1, 2, 3], h={"a": 1}, i={1, 2, 3}, '
+                 'j=lambda x, y: None, k=None, l=object(), m=foo.bar.CONSTANT)')
+    sig = inspect.signature_from_str(signature)
+    assert sig.parameters['a'].default == '0'
+    assert sig.parameters['b'].default == '0.0'
+    assert sig.parameters['c'].default == "'str'"
+    assert sig.parameters['d'].default == "b'bytes'"
+    assert sig.parameters['e'].default == '...'
+    assert sig.parameters['f'].default == 'True'
+    assert sig.parameters['g'].default == '[1, 2, 3]'
+    assert sig.parameters['h'].default == "{'a': 1}"
+    assert sig.parameters['i'].default == '{1, 2, 3}'
+    assert sig.parameters['j'].default == 'lambda x, y: ...'
+    assert sig.parameters['k'].default == 'None'
+    assert sig.parameters['l'].default == 'object()'
+    assert sig.parameters['m'].default == 'foo.bar.CONSTANT'
+
+
+def test_signature_from_str_annotations():
+    signature = '(a: int, *args: bytes, b: str = "blah", **kwargs: float) -> None'
+    sig = inspect.signature_from_str(signature)
+    assert list(sig.parameters.keys()) == ['a', 'args', 'b', 'kwargs']
+    assert sig.parameters['a'].annotation == "int"
+    assert sig.parameters['args'].annotation == "bytes"
+    assert sig.parameters['b'].annotation == "str"
+    assert sig.parameters['kwargs'].annotation == "float"
+    assert sig.return_annotation == 'None'
+
+
+def test_signature_from_str_complex_annotations():
+    sig = inspect.signature_from_str('() -> Tuple[str, int, ...]')
+    assert sig.return_annotation == 'Tuple[str, int, ...]'
+
+    sig = inspect.signature_from_str('() -> Callable[[int, int], int]')
+    assert sig.return_annotation == 'Callable[[int, int], int]'
+
+
+def test_signature_from_str_kwonly_args():
+    sig = inspect.signature_from_str('(a, *, b)')
+    assert list(sig.parameters.keys()) == ['a', 'b']
+    assert sig.parameters['a'].kind == Parameter.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD
+    assert sig.parameters['a'].default == Parameter.empty
+    assert sig.parameters['b'].kind == Parameter.KEYWORD_ONLY
+    assert sig.parameters['b'].default == Parameter.empty
+
+
+def test_signature_from_str_positionaly_only_args():
+    sig = inspect.signature_from_str('(a, b=0, /, c=1)')
+    assert list(sig.parameters.keys()) == ['a', 'b', 'c']
+    assert sig.parameters['a'].kind == Parameter.POSITIONAL_ONLY
+    assert sig.parameters['a'].default == Parameter.empty
+    assert sig.parameters['b'].kind == Parameter.POSITIONAL_ONLY
+    assert sig.parameters['b'].default == '0'
+    assert sig.parameters['c'].kind == Parameter.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD
+    assert sig.parameters['c'].default == '1'
+
+
+def test_signature_from_str_invalid():
+    with pytest.raises(SyntaxError):
+        inspect.signature_from_str('')
+
+
+def test_signature_from_ast():
+    signature = 'def func(a, b, *args, c=0, d="blah", **kwargs): pass'
+    tree = ast.parse(signature)
+    sig = inspect.signature_from_ast(tree.body[0])
+    assert list(sig.parameters.keys()) == ['a', 'b', 'args', 'c', 'd', 'kwargs']
+    assert sig.parameters['a'].name == 'a'
+    assert sig.parameters['a'].kind == Parameter.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD
+    assert sig.parameters['a'].default == Parameter.empty
+    assert sig.parameters['a'].annotation == Parameter.empty
+    assert sig.parameters['b'].name == 'b'
+    assert sig.parameters['b'].kind == Parameter.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD
+    assert sig.parameters['b'].default == Parameter.empty
+    assert sig.parameters['b'].annotation == Parameter.empty
+    assert sig.parameters['args'].name == 'args'
+    assert sig.parameters['args'].kind == Parameter.VAR_POSITIONAL
+    assert sig.parameters['args'].default == Parameter.empty
+    assert sig.parameters['args'].annotation == Parameter.empty
+    assert sig.parameters['c'].name == 'c'
+    assert sig.parameters['c'].kind == Parameter.KEYWORD_ONLY
+    assert sig.parameters['c'].default == '0'
+    assert sig.parameters['c'].annotation == Parameter.empty
+    assert sig.parameters['d'].name == 'd'
+    assert sig.parameters['d'].kind == Parameter.KEYWORD_ONLY
+    assert sig.parameters['d'].default == "'blah'"
+    assert sig.parameters['d'].annotation == Parameter.empty
+    assert sig.parameters['kwargs'].name == 'kwargs'
+    assert sig.parameters['kwargs'].kind == Parameter.VAR_KEYWORD
+    assert sig.parameters['kwargs'].default == Parameter.empty
+    assert sig.parameters['kwargs'].annotation == Parameter.empty
+    assert sig.return_annotation == Parameter.empty
+
+
+def test_safe_getattr_with_default():
+    class Foo:
+        def __getattr__(self, item):
+            raise Exception
+
+    obj = Foo()
+
+    result = inspect.safe_getattr(obj, 'bar', 'baz')
+
+    assert result == 'baz'
+
+
+def test_safe_getattr_with_exception():
+    class Foo:
+        def __getattr__(self, item):
+            raise Exception
+
+    obj = Foo()
+
+    with pytest.raises(AttributeError, match='bar'):
+        inspect.safe_getattr(obj, 'bar')
+
+
+def test_safe_getattr_with_property_exception():
+    class Foo:
+        @property
+        def bar(self):
+            raise Exception
+
+    obj = Foo()
+
+    with pytest.raises(AttributeError, match='bar'):
+        inspect.safe_getattr(obj, 'bar')
+
+
+def test_safe_getattr_with___dict___override():
+    class Foo:
+        @property
+        def __dict__(self):
+            raise Exception
+
+    obj = Foo()
+
+    with pytest.raises(AttributeError, match='bar'):
+        inspect.safe_getattr(obj, 'bar')
+
+
+def test_dictionary_sorting():
+    dictionary = {"c": 3, "a": 1, "d": 2, "b": 4}
+    description = inspect.object_description(dictionary)
+    assert description == "{'a': 1, 'b': 4, 'c': 3, 'd': 2}"
+
+
+def test_set_sorting():
+    set_ = set("gfedcba")
+    description = inspect.object_description(set_)
+    assert description == "{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g'}"
+
+
+def test_set_sorting_enum():
+    class MyEnum(enum.Enum):
+        a = 1
+        b = 2
+        c = 3
+
+    set_ = set(MyEnum)
+    description = inspect.object_description(set_)
+    assert description == "{MyEnum.a, MyEnum.b, MyEnum.c}"
+
+
+def test_set_sorting_fallback():
+    set_ = {None, 1}
+    description = inspect.object_description(set_)
+    assert description == "{1, None}"
+
+
+def test_deterministic_nested_collection_descriptions():
+    # sortable
+    assert inspect.object_description([{1, 2, 3, 10}]) == "[{1, 2, 3, 10}]"
+    assert inspect.object_description(({1, 2, 3, 10},)) == "({1, 2, 3, 10},)"
+    # non-sortable (elements of varying datatype)
+    assert inspect.object_description([{None, 1}]) == "[{1, None}]"
+    assert inspect.object_description(({None, 1},)) == "({1, None},)"
+    assert inspect.object_description([{None, 1, 'A'}]) == "[{'A', 1, None}]"
+    assert inspect.object_description(({None, 1, 'A'},)) == "({'A', 1, None},)"
+
+
+def test_frozenset_sorting():
+    frozenset_ = frozenset("gfedcba")
+    description = inspect.object_description(frozenset_)
+    assert description == "frozenset({'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g'})"
+
+
+def test_frozenset_sorting_fallback():
+    frozenset_ = frozenset((None, 1))
+    description = inspect.object_description(frozenset_)
+    assert description == "frozenset({1, None})"
+
+
+def test_nested_tuple_sorting():
+    tuple_ = ({"c", "b", "a"},)  # nb. trailing comma
+    description = inspect.object_description(tuple_)
+    assert description == "({'a', 'b', 'c'},)"
+
+    tuple_ = ({"c", "b", "a"}, {"f", "e", "d"})
+    description = inspect.object_description(tuple_)
+    assert description == "({'a', 'b', 'c'}, {'d', 'e', 'f'})"
+
+
+def test_recursive_collection_description():
+    dict_a_, dict_b_ = {"a": 1}, {"b": 2}
+    dict_a_["link"], dict_b_["link"] = dict_b_, dict_a_
+    description_a, description_b = (
+        inspect.object_description(dict_a_),
+        inspect.object_description(dict_b_),
+    )
+    assert description_a == "{'a': 1, 'link': {'b': 2, 'link': dict(...)}}"
+    assert description_b == "{'b': 2, 'link': {'a': 1, 'link': dict(...)}}"
+
+    list_c_, list_d_ = [1, 2, 3, 4], [5, 6, 7, 8]
+    list_c_.append(list_d_)
+    list_d_.append(list_c_)
+    description_c, description_d = (
+        inspect.object_description(list_c_),
+        inspect.object_description(list_d_),
+    )
+
+    assert description_c == "[1, 2, 3, 4, [5, 6, 7, 8, list(...)]]"
+    assert description_d == "[5, 6, 7, 8, [1, 2, 3, 4, list(...)]]"
+
+
+def test_dict_customtype():
+    class CustomType:
+        def __init__(self, value):
+            self._value = value
+
+        def __repr__(self):
+            return "<CustomType(%r)>" % self._value
+
+    dictionary = {CustomType(2): 2, CustomType(1): 1}
+    description = inspect.object_description(dictionary)
+    # Type is unsortable, just check that it does not crash
+    assert "<CustomType(2)>: 2" in description
+
+
+def test_object_description_enum():
+    class MyEnum(enum.Enum):
+        FOO = 1
+        BAR = 2
+
+    assert inspect.object_description(MyEnum.FOO) == "MyEnum.FOO"
+
+
+def test_getslots():
+    class Foo:
+        pass
+
+    class Bar:
+        __slots__ = ['attr']
+
+    class Baz:
+        __slots__ = {'attr': 'docstring'}
+
+    class Qux:
+        __slots__ = 'attr'
+
+    assert inspect.getslots(Foo) is None
+    assert inspect.getslots(Bar) == {'attr': None}
+    assert inspect.getslots(Baz) == {'attr': 'docstring'}
+    assert inspect.getslots(Qux) == {'attr': None}
+
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+        inspect.getslots(Bar())
+
+
+def test_isclassmethod():
+    assert inspect.isclassmethod(Base.classmeth) is True
+    assert inspect.isclassmethod(Base.meth) is False
+    assert inspect.isclassmethod(Inherited.classmeth) is True
+    assert inspect.isclassmethod(Inherited.meth) is False
+
+
+def test_isstaticmethod():
+    assert inspect.isstaticmethod(Base.staticmeth, Base, 'staticmeth') is True
+    assert inspect.isstaticmethod(Base.meth, Base, 'meth') is False
+    assert inspect.isstaticmethod(Inherited.staticmeth, Inherited, 'staticmeth') is True
+    assert inspect.isstaticmethod(Inherited.meth, Inherited, 'meth') is False
+
+
+def test_iscoroutinefunction():
+    assert inspect.iscoroutinefunction(func) is False                   # function
+    assert inspect.iscoroutinefunction(coroutinefunc) is True           # coroutine
+    assert inspect.iscoroutinefunction(partial_coroutinefunc) is True   # partial-ed coroutine
+    assert inspect.iscoroutinefunction(Base.meth) is False              # method
+    assert inspect.iscoroutinefunction(Base.coroutinemeth) is True      # coroutine-method
+    assert inspect.iscoroutinefunction(Base.__dict__["coroutineclassmeth"]) is True      # coroutine classmethod
+
+    # partial-ed coroutine-method
+    partial_coroutinemeth = Base.__dict__['partial_coroutinemeth']
+    assert inspect.iscoroutinefunction(partial_coroutinemeth) is True
+
+
+def test_iscoroutinefunction_wrapped():
+    # function wrapping a callable obj
+    assert inspect.isfunction(_decorator(coroutinefunc)) is True
+
+
+def test_isfunction():
+    assert inspect.isfunction(func) is True                     # function
+    assert inspect.isfunction(partial_func) is True             # partial-ed function
+    assert inspect.isfunction(Base.meth) is True                # method of class
+    assert inspect.isfunction(Base.partialmeth) is True         # partial-ed method of class
+    assert inspect.isfunction(Base().meth) is False             # method of instance
+    assert inspect.isfunction(builtin_func) is False            # builtin function
+    assert inspect.isfunction(partial_builtin_func) is False    # partial-ed builtin function
+
+
+def test_isfunction_wrapped():
+    # function wrapping a callable obj
+    assert inspect.isfunction(_decorator(_Callable())) is True
+
+
+def test_isbuiltin():
+    assert inspect.isbuiltin(builtin_func) is True          # builtin function
+    assert inspect.isbuiltin(partial_builtin_func) is True  # partial-ed builtin function
+    assert inspect.isbuiltin(func) is False                 # function
+    assert inspect.isbuiltin(partial_func) is False         # partial-ed function
+    assert inspect.isbuiltin(Base.meth) is False            # method of class
+    assert inspect.isbuiltin(Base().meth) is False          # method of instance
+
+
+def test_isdescriptor():
+    assert inspect.isdescriptor(Base.prop) is True      # property of class
+    assert inspect.isdescriptor(Base().prop) is False   # property of instance
+    assert inspect.isdescriptor(Base.meth) is True      # method of class
+    assert inspect.isdescriptor(Base().meth) is True    # method of instance
+    assert inspect.isdescriptor(func) is True           # function
+
+
+def test_isattributedescriptor():
+    assert inspect.isattributedescriptor(Base.prop) is True                    # property
+    assert inspect.isattributedescriptor(Base.meth) is False                   # method
+    assert inspect.isattributedescriptor(Base.staticmeth) is False             # staticmethod
+    assert inspect.isattributedescriptor(Base.classmeth) is False              # classmetho
+    assert inspect.isattributedescriptor(Descriptor) is False                  # custom descriptor class
+    assert inspect.isattributedescriptor(str.join) is False                    # MethodDescriptorType
+    assert inspect.isattributedescriptor(object.__init__) is False             # WrapperDescriptorType
+    assert inspect.isattributedescriptor(dict.__dict__['fromkeys']) is False   # ClassMethodDescriptorType
+    assert inspect.isattributedescriptor(types.FrameType.f_locals) is True     # GetSetDescriptorType
+    assert inspect.isattributedescriptor(datetime.timedelta.days) is True      # MemberDescriptorType
+
+    try:
+        # _testcapi module cannot be importable in some distro
+        # refs: https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/issues/9868
+        import _testcapi
+
+        testinstancemethod = _testcapi.instancemethod(str.__repr__)
+        assert inspect.isattributedescriptor(testinstancemethod) is False      # instancemethod (C-API)
+    except ImportError:
+        pass
+
+
+def test_isproperty():
+    assert inspect.isproperty(Base.prop) is True        # property of class
+    assert inspect.isproperty(Base().prop) is False     # property of instance
+    assert inspect.isproperty(Base.meth) is False       # method of class
+    assert inspect.isproperty(Base().meth) is False     # method of instance
+    assert inspect.isproperty(func) is False            # function
+
+
+def test_isgenericalias():
+    #: A list of int
+    T = List[int]  # NoQA: UP006
+    S = list[Union[str, None]]
+
+    C = Callable[[int], None]  # a generic alias not having a doccomment
+
+    assert inspect.isgenericalias(C) is True
+    assert inspect.isgenericalias(Callable) is True
+    assert inspect.isgenericalias(T) is True
+    assert inspect.isgenericalias(List) is True  # NoQA: UP006
+    assert inspect.isgenericalias(S) is True
+    assert inspect.isgenericalias(list) is False
+    assert inspect.isgenericalias([]) is False
+    assert inspect.isgenericalias(object()) is False
+    assert inspect.isgenericalias(Base) is False
+
+
+def test_unpartial():
+    def func1(a, b, c):
+        pass
+
+    func2 = functools.partial(func1, 1)
+    func2.__doc__ = "func2"
+    func3 = functools.partial(func2, 2)  # nested partial object
+
+    assert inspect.unpartial(func2) is func1
+    assert inspect.unpartial(func3) is func1
+
+
+def test_getdoc_inherited_classmethod():
+    class Foo:
+        @classmethod
+        def meth(self):
+            """
+            docstring
+                indented text
+            """
+
+    class Bar(Foo):
+        @classmethod
+        def meth(self):
+            # inherited classmethod
+            pass
+
+    assert inspect.getdoc(Bar.meth, getattr, False, Bar, "meth") is None
+    assert inspect.getdoc(Bar.meth, getattr, True, Bar, "meth") == Foo.meth.__doc__
+
+
+def test_getdoc_inherited_decorated_method():
+    class Foo:
+        def meth(self):
+            """
+            docstring
+                indented text
+            """
+
+    class Bar(Foo):
+        @functools.lru_cache  # noqa: B019
+        def meth(self):
+            # inherited and decorated method
+            pass
+
+    assert inspect.getdoc(Bar.meth, getattr, False, Bar, "meth") is None
+    assert inspect.getdoc(Bar.meth, getattr, True, Bar, "meth") == Foo.meth.__doc__
+
+
+def test_is_builtin_class_method():
+    class MyInt(int):
+        def my_method(self):
+            pass
+
+    assert inspect.is_builtin_class_method(MyInt, 'to_bytes')
+    assert inspect.is_builtin_class_method(MyInt, '__init__')
+    assert not inspect.is_builtin_class_method(MyInt, 'my_method')
+    assert not inspect.is_builtin_class_method(MyInt, 'does_not_exist')
+    assert not inspect.is_builtin_class_method(4, 'still does not crash')
+
+    class ObjectWithMroAttr:
+        def __init__(self, mro_attr):
+            self.__mro__ = mro_attr
+
+    assert not inspect.is_builtin_class_method(ObjectWithMroAttr([1, 2, 3]), 'still does not crash')
diff --git a/tests/test_util_inventory.py b/tests/test_util_inventory.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c20763
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_util_inventory.py
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+"""Test inventory util functions."""
+import os
+import posixpath
+import zlib
+from io import BytesIO
+
+from sphinx.testing.util import SphinxTestApp
+from sphinx.util.inventory import InventoryFile
+
+inventory_v1 = b'''\
+# Sphinx inventory version 1
+# Project: foo
+# Version: 1.0
+module mod foo.html
+module.cls class foo.html
+'''
+
+inventory_v2 = b'''\
+# Sphinx inventory version 2
+# Project: foo
+# Version: 2.0
+# The remainder of this file is compressed with zlib.
+''' + zlib.compress(b'''\
+module1 py:module 0 foo.html#module-module1 Long Module desc
+module2 py:module 0 foo.html#module-$ -
+module1.func py:function 1 sub/foo.html#$ -
+module1.Foo.bar py:method 1 index.html#foo.Bar.baz -
+CFunc c:function 2 cfunc.html#CFunc -
+std cpp:type 1 index.html#std -
+std::uint8_t cpp:type 1 index.html#std_uint8_t -
+foo::Bar cpp:class 1 index.html#cpp_foo_bar -
+foo::Bar::baz cpp:function 1 index.html#cpp_foo_bar_baz -
+foons cpp:type 1 index.html#foons -
+foons::bartype cpp:type 1 index.html#foons_bartype -
+a term std:term -1 glossary.html#term-a-term -
+ls.-l std:cmdoption 1 index.html#cmdoption-ls-l -
+docname std:doc -1 docname.html -
+foo js:module 1 index.html#foo -
+foo.bar js:class 1 index.html#foo.bar -
+foo.bar.baz js:method 1 index.html#foo.bar.baz -
+foo.bar.qux js:data 1 index.html#foo.bar.qux -
+a term including:colon std:term -1 glossary.html#term-a-term-including-colon -
+''')
+
+inventory_v2_not_having_version = b'''\
+# Sphinx inventory version 2
+# Project: foo
+# Version:
+# The remainder of this file is compressed with zlib.
+''' + zlib.compress(b'''\
+module1 py:module 0 foo.html#module-module1 Long Module desc
+''')
+
+
+def test_read_inventory_v1():
+    f = BytesIO(inventory_v1)
+    invdata = InventoryFile.load(f, '/util', posixpath.join)
+    assert invdata['py:module']['module'] == \
+        ('foo', '1.0', '/util/foo.html#module-module', '-')
+    assert invdata['py:class']['module.cls'] == \
+        ('foo', '1.0', '/util/foo.html#module.cls', '-')
+
+
+def test_read_inventory_v2():
+    f = BytesIO(inventory_v2)
+    invdata = InventoryFile.load(f, '/util', posixpath.join)
+
+    assert len(invdata['py:module']) == 2
+    assert invdata['py:module']['module1'] == \
+        ('foo', '2.0', '/util/foo.html#module-module1', 'Long Module desc')
+    assert invdata['py:module']['module2'] == \
+        ('foo', '2.0', '/util/foo.html#module-module2', '-')
+    assert invdata['py:function']['module1.func'][2] == \
+        '/util/sub/foo.html#module1.func'
+    assert invdata['c:function']['CFunc'][2] == '/util/cfunc.html#CFunc'
+    assert invdata['std:term']['a term'][2] == \
+        '/util/glossary.html#term-a-term'
+    assert invdata['std:term']['a term including:colon'][2] == \
+        '/util/glossary.html#term-a-term-including-colon'
+
+
+def test_read_inventory_v2_not_having_version():
+    f = BytesIO(inventory_v2_not_having_version)
+    invdata = InventoryFile.load(f, '/util', posixpath.join)
+    assert invdata['py:module']['module1'] == \
+        ('foo', '', '/util/foo.html#module-module1', 'Long Module desc')
+
+
+def _write_appconfig(dir, language, prefix=None):
+    prefix = prefix or language
+    os.makedirs(dir / prefix, exist_ok=True)
+    (dir / prefix / 'conf.py').write_text(f'language = "{language}"', encoding='utf8')
+    (dir / prefix / 'index.rst').write_text('index.rst', encoding='utf8')
+    assert sorted(os.listdir(dir / prefix)) == ['conf.py', 'index.rst']
+    assert (dir / prefix / 'index.rst').exists()
+    return dir / prefix
+
+
+def _build_inventory(srcdir):
+    app = SphinxTestApp(srcdir=srcdir)
+    app.build()
+    app.cleanup()
+    return (app.outdir / 'objects.inv')
+
+
+def test_inventory_localization(tmp_path):
+    # Build an app using Estonian (EE) locale
+    srcdir_et = _write_appconfig(tmp_path, "et")
+    inventory_et = _build_inventory(srcdir_et)
+
+    # Build the same app using English (US) locale
+    srcdir_en = _write_appconfig(tmp_path, "en")
+    inventory_en = _build_inventory(srcdir_en)
+
+    # Ensure that the inventory contents differ
+    assert inventory_et.read_bytes() != inventory_en.read_bytes()
diff --git a/tests/test_util_logging.py b/tests/test_util_logging.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d506a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_util_logging.py
@@ -0,0 +1,398 @@
+"""Test logging util."""
+
+import codecs
+import os
+import os.path
+
+import pytest
+from docutils import nodes
+
+from sphinx.errors import SphinxWarning
+from sphinx.testing.util import strip_escseq
+from sphinx.util import logging, osutil
+from sphinx.util.console import colorize
+from sphinx.util.logging import is_suppressed_warning, prefixed_warnings
+from sphinx.util.parallel import ParallelTasks
+
+
+def test_info_and_warning(app, status, warning):
+    app.verbosity = 2
+    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
+    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+    logger.debug('message1')
+    logger.info('message2')
+    logger.warning('message3')
+    logger.critical('message4')
+    logger.error('message5')
+
+    assert 'message1' in status.getvalue()
+    assert 'message2' in status.getvalue()
+    assert 'message3' not in status.getvalue()
+    assert 'message4' not in status.getvalue()
+    assert 'message5' not in status.getvalue()
+
+    assert 'message1' not in warning.getvalue()
+    assert 'message2' not in warning.getvalue()
+    assert 'WARNING: message3' in warning.getvalue()
+    assert 'CRITICAL: message4' in warning.getvalue()
+    assert 'ERROR: message5' in warning.getvalue()
+
+
+def test_Exception(app, status, warning):
+    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
+    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+    logger.info(Exception)
+    assert "<class 'Exception'>" in status.getvalue()
+
+
+def test_verbosity_filter(app, status, warning):
+    # verbosity = 0: INFO
+    app.verbosity = 0
+    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
+    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+    logger.info('message1')
+    logger.verbose('message2')
+    logger.debug('message3')
+
+    assert 'message1' in status.getvalue()
+    assert 'message2' not in status.getvalue()
+    assert 'message3' not in status.getvalue()
+    assert 'message4' not in status.getvalue()
+
+    # verbosity = 1: VERBOSE
+    app.verbosity = 1
+    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
+    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+    logger.info('message1')
+    logger.verbose('message2')
+    logger.debug('message3')
+
+    assert 'message1' in status.getvalue()
+    assert 'message2' in status.getvalue()
+    assert 'message3' not in status.getvalue()
+    assert 'message4' not in status.getvalue()
+
+    # verbosity = 2: DEBUG
+    app.verbosity = 2
+    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
+    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+    logger.info('message1')
+    logger.verbose('message2')
+    logger.debug('message3')
+
+    assert 'message1' in status.getvalue()
+    assert 'message2' in status.getvalue()
+    assert 'message3' in status.getvalue()
+    assert 'message4' not in status.getvalue()
+
+
+def test_nonl_info_log(app, status, warning):
+    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
+    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+    logger.info('message1', nonl=True)
+    logger.info('message2')
+    logger.info('message3')
+
+    assert 'message1message2\nmessage3' in status.getvalue()
+
+
+def test_once_warning_log(app, status, warning):
+    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
+    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+    logger.warning('message: %d', 1, once=True)
+    logger.warning('message: %d', 1, once=True)
+    logger.warning('message: %d', 2, once=True)
+
+    assert 'WARNING: message: 1\nWARNING: message: 2\n' in strip_escseq(warning.getvalue())
+
+
+def test_is_suppressed_warning():
+    suppress_warnings = ["ref", "files.*", "rest.duplicated_labels"]
+
+    assert is_suppressed_warning(None, None, suppress_warnings) is False
+    assert is_suppressed_warning("ref", None, suppress_warnings) is True
+    assert is_suppressed_warning("ref", "numref", suppress_warnings) is True
+    assert is_suppressed_warning("ref", "option", suppress_warnings) is True
+    assert is_suppressed_warning("files", "image", suppress_warnings) is True
+    assert is_suppressed_warning("files", "stylesheet", suppress_warnings) is True
+    assert is_suppressed_warning("rest", None, suppress_warnings) is False
+    assert is_suppressed_warning("rest", "syntax", suppress_warnings) is False
+    assert is_suppressed_warning("rest", "duplicated_labels", suppress_warnings) is True
+
+
+def test_suppress_warnings(app, status, warning):
+    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
+    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+    app._warncount = 0  # force reset
+
+    app.config.suppress_warnings = []
+    warning.truncate(0)
+    logger.warning('message0', type='test')
+    logger.warning('message1', type='test', subtype='logging')
+    logger.warning('message2', type='test', subtype='crash')
+    logger.warning('message3', type='actual', subtype='logging')
+    assert 'message0' in warning.getvalue()
+    assert 'message1' in warning.getvalue()
+    assert 'message2' in warning.getvalue()
+    assert 'message3' in warning.getvalue()
+    assert app._warncount == 4
+
+    app.config.suppress_warnings = ['test']
+    warning.truncate(0)
+    logger.warning('message0', type='test')
+    logger.warning('message1', type='test', subtype='logging')
+    logger.warning('message2', type='test', subtype='crash')
+    logger.warning('message3', type='actual', subtype='logging')
+    assert 'message0' not in warning.getvalue()
+    assert 'message1' not in warning.getvalue()
+    assert 'message2' not in warning.getvalue()
+    assert 'message3' in warning.getvalue()
+    assert app._warncount == 5
+
+    app.config.suppress_warnings = ['test.logging']
+    warning.truncate(0)
+    logger.warning('message0', type='test')
+    logger.warning('message1', type='test', subtype='logging')
+    logger.warning('message2', type='test', subtype='crash')
+    logger.warning('message3', type='actual', subtype='logging')
+    assert 'message0' in warning.getvalue()
+    assert 'message1' not in warning.getvalue()
+    assert 'message2' in warning.getvalue()
+    assert 'message3' in warning.getvalue()
+    assert app._warncount == 8
+
+
+def test_warningiserror(app, status, warning):
+    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
+    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+    # if False, warning is not error
+    app.warningiserror = False
+    logger.warning('message')
+
+    # if True, warning raises SphinxWarning exception
+    app.warningiserror = True
+    with pytest.raises(SphinxWarning):
+        logger.warning('message: %s', 'arg')
+
+    # message contains format string (refs: #4070)
+    with pytest.raises(SphinxWarning):
+        logger.warning('%s')
+
+
+def test_info_location(app, status, warning):
+    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
+    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+    logger.info('message1', location='index')
+    assert 'index.txt: message1' in status.getvalue()
+
+    logger.info('message2', location=('index', 10))
+    assert 'index.txt:10: message2' in status.getvalue()
+
+    logger.info('message3', location=None)
+    assert '\nmessage3' in status.getvalue()
+
+    node = nodes.Node()
+    node.source, node.line = ('index.txt', 10)
+    logger.info('message4', location=node)
+    assert 'index.txt:10: message4' in status.getvalue()
+
+    node.source, node.line = ('index.txt', None)
+    logger.info('message5', location=node)
+    assert 'index.txt:: message5' in status.getvalue()
+
+    node.source, node.line = (None, 10)
+    logger.info('message6', location=node)
+    assert '<unknown>:10: message6' in status.getvalue()
+
+    node.source, node.line = (None, None)
+    logger.info('message7', location=node)
+    assert '\nmessage7' in status.getvalue()
+
+
+def test_warning_location(app, status, warning):
+    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
+    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+    logger.warning('message1', location='index')
+    assert 'index.txt: WARNING: message1' in warning.getvalue()
+
+    logger.warning('message2', location=('index', 10))
+    assert 'index.txt:10: WARNING: message2' in warning.getvalue()
+
+    logger.warning('message3', location=None)
+    assert colorize('red', 'WARNING: message3') in warning.getvalue()
+
+    node = nodes.Node()
+    node.source, node.line = ('index.txt', 10)
+    logger.warning('message4', location=node)
+    assert 'index.txt:10: WARNING: message4' in warning.getvalue()
+
+    node.source, node.line = ('index.txt', None)
+    logger.warning('message5', location=node)
+    assert 'index.txt:: WARNING: message5' in warning.getvalue()
+
+    node.source, node.line = (None, 10)
+    logger.warning('message6', location=node)
+    assert '<unknown>:10: WARNING: message6' in warning.getvalue()
+
+    node.source, node.line = (None, None)
+    logger.warning('message7', location=node)
+    assert colorize('red', 'WARNING: message7') in warning.getvalue()
+
+
+def test_suppress_logging(app, status, warning):
+    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
+    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+    logger.warning('message1')
+    with logging.suppress_logging():
+        logger.warning('message2')
+        assert 'WARNING: message1' in warning.getvalue()
+        assert 'WARNING: message2' not in warning.getvalue()
+
+    assert 'WARNING: message1' in warning.getvalue()
+    assert 'WARNING: message2' not in warning.getvalue()
+
+
+def test_pending_warnings(app, status, warning):
+    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
+    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+    logger.warning('message1')
+    with logging.pending_warnings():
+        # not logged yet (buffered) in here
+        logger.warning('message2')
+        logger.warning('message3')
+        assert 'WARNING: message1' in warning.getvalue()
+        assert 'WARNING: message2' not in warning.getvalue()
+        assert 'WARNING: message3' not in warning.getvalue()
+
+    # actually logged as ordered
+    assert 'WARNING: message2\nWARNING: message3' in strip_escseq(warning.getvalue())
+
+
+def test_colored_logs(app, status, warning):
+    app.verbosity = 2
+    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
+    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+    # default colors
+    logger.debug('message1')
+    logger.verbose('message2')
+    logger.info('message3')
+    logger.warning('message4')
+    logger.critical('message5')
+    logger.error('message6')
+
+    assert colorize('darkgray', 'message1') in status.getvalue()
+    assert 'message2\n' in status.getvalue()  # not colored
+    assert 'message3\n' in status.getvalue()  # not colored
+    assert colorize('red', 'WARNING: message4') in warning.getvalue()
+    assert 'CRITICAL: message5\n' in warning.getvalue()  # not colored
+    assert colorize('darkred', 'ERROR: message6') in warning.getvalue()
+
+    # color specification
+    logger.debug('message7', color='white')
+    logger.info('message8', color='red')
+    assert colorize('white', 'message7') in status.getvalue()
+    assert colorize('red', 'message8') in status.getvalue()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.xfail(os.name != 'posix',
+                   reason="Parallel mode does not work on Windows")
+def test_logging_in_ParallelTasks(app, status, warning):
+    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
+    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+    def child_process():
+        logger.info('message1')
+        logger.warning('message2', location='index')
+
+    tasks = ParallelTasks(1)
+    tasks.add_task(child_process)
+    tasks.join()
+    assert 'message1' in status.getvalue()
+    assert 'index.txt: WARNING: message2' in warning.getvalue()
+
+
+def test_output_with_unencodable_char(app, status, warning):
+    class StreamWriter(codecs.StreamWriter):
+        def write(self, object):
+            self.stream.write(object.encode('cp1252').decode('cp1252'))
+
+    logging.setup(app, StreamWriter(status), warning)
+    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+    # info with UnicodeEncodeError
+    status.truncate(0)
+    status.seek(0)
+    logger.info("unicode \u206d...")
+    assert status.getvalue() == "unicode ?...\n"
+
+
+def test_skip_warningiserror(app, status, warning):
+    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
+    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+    app.warningiserror = True
+    with logging.skip_warningiserror():
+        logger.warning('message')
+
+    # if False, warning raises SphinxWarning exception
+    with logging.skip_warningiserror(False):  # NoQA: SIM117
+        with pytest.raises(SphinxWarning):
+            logger.warning('message')
+
+    # It also works during pending_warnings.
+    with logging.pending_warnings():  # NoQA: SIM117
+        with logging.skip_warningiserror():
+            logger.warning('message')
+
+    with pytest.raises(SphinxWarning):  # NoQA: PT012,SIM117
+        with logging.pending_warnings():
+            with logging.skip_warningiserror(False):
+                logger.warning('message')
+
+
+def test_prefixed_warnings(app, status, warning):
+    logging.setup(app, status, warning)
+    logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+    logger.warning('message1')
+    with prefixed_warnings('PREFIX:'):
+        logger.warning('message2')
+        with prefixed_warnings('Another PREFIX:'):
+            logger.warning('message3')
+        logger.warning('message4')
+    logger.warning('message5')
+
+    assert 'WARNING: message1' in warning.getvalue()
+    assert 'WARNING: PREFIX: message2' in warning.getvalue()
+    assert 'WARNING: Another PREFIX: message3' in warning.getvalue()
+    assert 'WARNING: PREFIX: message4' in warning.getvalue()
+    assert 'WARNING: message5' in warning.getvalue()
+
+
+def test_get_node_location_abspath():
+    # Ensure that node locations are reported as an absolute path,
+    # even if the source attribute is a relative path.
+
+    relative_filename = os.path.join('relative', 'path.txt')
+    absolute_filename = osutil.abspath(relative_filename)
+
+    n = nodes.Node()
+    n.source = relative_filename
+
+    location = logging.get_node_location(n)
+
+    assert location == absolute_filename + ':'
diff --git a/tests/test_util_matching.py b/tests/test_util_matching.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7d865ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_util_matching.py
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+"""Tests sphinx.util.matching functions."""
+from sphinx.util.matching import Matcher, compile_matchers, get_matching_files
+
+
+def test_compile_matchers():
+    # exact matching
+    pat = compile_matchers(['hello.py']).pop()
+    assert pat('hello.py')
+    assert not pat('hello-py')
+    assert not pat('subdir/hello.py')
+
+    # wild card (*)
+    pat = compile_matchers(['hello.*']).pop()
+    assert pat('hello.py')
+    assert pat('hello.rst')
+
+    pat = compile_matchers(['*.py']).pop()
+    assert pat('hello.py')
+    assert pat('world.py')
+    assert not pat('subdir/hello.py')
+
+    # wild card (**)
+    pat = compile_matchers(['hello.**']).pop()
+    assert pat('hello.py')
+    assert pat('hello.rst')
+    assert pat('hello.py/world.py')
+
+    pat = compile_matchers(['**.py']).pop()
+    assert pat('hello.py')
+    assert pat('world.py')
+    assert pat('subdir/hello.py')
+
+    pat = compile_matchers(['**/hello.py']).pop()
+    assert not pat('hello.py')
+    assert pat('subdir/hello.py')
+    assert pat('subdir/subdir/hello.py')
+
+    # wild card (?)
+    pat = compile_matchers(['hello.?']).pop()
+    assert pat('hello.c')
+    assert not pat('hello.py')
+
+    # pattern ([...])
+    pat = compile_matchers(['hello[12\\].py']).pop()
+    assert pat('hello1.py')
+    assert pat('hello2.py')
+    assert pat('hello\\.py')
+    assert not pat('hello3.py')
+
+    pat = compile_matchers(['hello[^12].py']).pop()  # "^" is not negative identifier
+    assert pat('hello1.py')
+    assert pat('hello2.py')
+    assert pat('hello^.py')
+    assert not pat('hello3.py')
+
+    # negative pattern ([!...])
+    pat = compile_matchers(['hello[!12].py']).pop()
+    assert not pat('hello1.py')
+    assert not pat('hello2.py')
+    assert not pat('hello/.py')  # negative pattern does not match to "/"
+    assert pat('hello3.py')
+
+    # non patterns
+    pat = compile_matchers(['hello[.py']).pop()
+    assert pat('hello[.py')
+    assert not pat('hello.py')
+
+    pat = compile_matchers(['hello[].py']).pop()
+    assert pat('hello[].py')
+    assert not pat('hello.py')
+
+    pat = compile_matchers(['hello[!].py']).pop()
+    assert pat('hello[!].py')
+    assert not pat('hello.py')
+
+
+def test_Matcher():
+    matcher = Matcher(['hello.py', '**/world.py'])
+    assert matcher('hello.py')
+    assert not matcher('subdir/hello.py')
+    assert matcher('world.py')
+    assert matcher('subdir/world.py')
+
+
+def test_get_matching_files_all(rootdir):
+    files = get_matching_files(rootdir / "test-root")
+    assert sorted(files) == [
+        'Makefile', '_templates/contentssb.html', '_templates/customsb.html',
+        '_templates/layout.html', 'autodoc.txt', 'autodoc_target.py', 'bom.txt', 'conf.py',
+        'extapi.txt', 'extensions.txt', 'file_with_special_#_chars.xyz', 'footnote.txt',
+        'images.txt', 'img.foo.png', 'img.gif', 'img.pdf', 'img.png', 'includes.txt',
+        'index.txt', 'lists.txt', 'literal.inc', 'literal_orig.inc', 'markup.txt', 'math.txt',
+        'objects.txt', 'otherext.foo', 'parsermod.py', 'quotes.inc', 'rimg.png',
+        'special/api.h', 'special/code.py', 'subdir/excluded.txt', 'subdir/images.txt',
+        'subdir/img.png', 'subdir/include.inc', 'subdir/includes.txt', 'subdir/simg.png',
+        'svgimg.pdf', 'svgimg.svg', 'tabs.inc', 'test.inc', 'wrongenc.inc',
+    ]
+
+
+def test_get_matching_files_all_exclude_single(rootdir):
+    files = get_matching_files(rootdir / "test-root", exclude_patterns=["**.html"])
+    assert sorted(files) == [
+        'Makefile', 'autodoc.txt', 'autodoc_target.py', 'bom.txt', 'conf.py',
+        'extapi.txt', 'extensions.txt', 'file_with_special_#_chars.xyz', 'footnote.txt',
+        'images.txt', 'img.foo.png', 'img.gif', 'img.pdf', 'img.png', 'includes.txt',
+        'index.txt', 'lists.txt', 'literal.inc', 'literal_orig.inc', 'markup.txt', 'math.txt',
+        'objects.txt', 'otherext.foo', 'parsermod.py', 'quotes.inc', 'rimg.png',
+        'special/api.h', 'special/code.py', 'subdir/excluded.txt', 'subdir/images.txt',
+        'subdir/img.png', 'subdir/include.inc', 'subdir/includes.txt', 'subdir/simg.png',
+        'svgimg.pdf', 'svgimg.svg', 'tabs.inc', 'test.inc', 'wrongenc.inc',
+    ]
+
+
+def test_get_matching_files_all_exclude_multiple(rootdir):
+    files = get_matching_files(rootdir / "test-root", exclude_patterns=["**.html", "**.inc"])
+    assert sorted(files) == [
+        'Makefile', 'autodoc.txt', 'autodoc_target.py', 'bom.txt', 'conf.py',
+        'extapi.txt', 'extensions.txt', 'file_with_special_#_chars.xyz', 'footnote.txt',
+        'images.txt', 'img.foo.png', 'img.gif', 'img.pdf', 'img.png', 'includes.txt',
+        'index.txt', 'lists.txt', 'markup.txt', 'math.txt', 'objects.txt', 'otherext.foo',
+        'parsermod.py', 'rimg.png', 'special/api.h', 'special/code.py', 'subdir/excluded.txt',
+        'subdir/images.txt', 'subdir/img.png', 'subdir/includes.txt', 'subdir/simg.png',
+        'svgimg.pdf', 'svgimg.svg',
+    ]
+
+
+def test_get_matching_files_all_exclude_nonexistent(rootdir):
+    files = get_matching_files(rootdir / "test-root", exclude_patterns=["halibut/**"])
+    assert sorted(files) == [
+        'Makefile', '_templates/contentssb.html', '_templates/customsb.html',
+        '_templates/layout.html', 'autodoc.txt', 'autodoc_target.py', 'bom.txt', 'conf.py',
+        'extapi.txt', 'extensions.txt', 'file_with_special_#_chars.xyz', 'footnote.txt',
+        'images.txt', 'img.foo.png', 'img.gif', 'img.pdf', 'img.png', 'includes.txt',
+        'index.txt', 'lists.txt', 'literal.inc', 'literal_orig.inc', 'markup.txt', 'math.txt',
+        'objects.txt', 'otherext.foo', 'parsermod.py', 'quotes.inc', 'rimg.png',
+        'special/api.h', 'special/code.py', 'subdir/excluded.txt', 'subdir/images.txt',
+        'subdir/img.png', 'subdir/include.inc', 'subdir/includes.txt', 'subdir/simg.png',
+        'svgimg.pdf', 'svgimg.svg', 'tabs.inc', 'test.inc', 'wrongenc.inc',
+    ]
+
+
+def test_get_matching_files_all_include_single(rootdir):
+    files = get_matching_files(rootdir / "test-root", include_patterns=["subdir/**"])
+    assert sorted(files) == [
+        'subdir/excluded.txt', 'subdir/images.txt', 'subdir/img.png', 'subdir/include.inc',
+        'subdir/includes.txt', 'subdir/simg.png',
+    ]
+
+
+def test_get_matching_files_all_include_multiple(rootdir):
+    files = get_matching_files(rootdir / "test-root", include_patterns=["special/**", "subdir/**"])
+    assert sorted(files) == [
+        'special/api.h', 'special/code.py', 'subdir/excluded.txt', 'subdir/images.txt',
+        'subdir/img.png', 'subdir/include.inc', 'subdir/includes.txt', 'subdir/simg.png',
+    ]
+
+
+def test_get_matching_files_all_include_nonexistent(rootdir):
+    files = get_matching_files(rootdir / "test-root", include_patterns=["halibut/**"])
+    assert sorted(files) == []
+
+
+def test_get_matching_files_all_include_prefix(rootdir):
+    files = get_matching_files(rootdir / "test-root", include_patterns=["autodoc*"])
+    assert sorted(files) == [
+        'autodoc.txt', 'autodoc_target.py',
+    ]
+
+
+def test_get_matching_files_all_include_question_mark(rootdir):
+    files = get_matching_files(rootdir / "test-root", include_patterns=["img.???"])
+    assert sorted(files) == [
+        'img.gif', 'img.pdf', 'img.png',
+    ]
diff --git a/tests/test_util_nodes.py b/tests/test_util_nodes.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..92e4dc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_util_nodes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,254 @@
+"""Tests uti.nodes functions."""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import warnings
+from textwrap import dedent
+from typing import Any
+
+import pytest
+from docutils import frontend, nodes
+from docutils.parsers import rst
+from docutils.utils import new_document
+
+from sphinx.transforms import ApplySourceWorkaround
+from sphinx.util.nodes import (
+    NodeMatcher,
+    apply_source_workaround,
+    clean_astext,
+    extract_messages,
+    make_id,
+    split_explicit_title,
+)
+
+
+def _transform(doctree):
+    ApplySourceWorkaround(doctree).apply()
+
+
+def create_new_document():
+    with warnings.catch_warnings():
+        warnings.filterwarnings('ignore', category=DeprecationWarning)
+        # DeprecationWarning: The frontend.OptionParser class will be replaced
+        # by a subclass of argparse.ArgumentParser in Docutils 0.21 or later.
+        settings = frontend.OptionParser(
+            components=(rst.Parser,)).get_default_values()
+    settings.id_prefix = 'id'
+    document = new_document('dummy.txt', settings)
+    return document
+
+
+def _get_doctree(text):
+    document = create_new_document()
+    rst.Parser().parse(text, document)
+    _transform(document)
+    return document
+
+
+def assert_node_count(messages, node_type, expect_count):
+    count = 0
+    node_list = [node for node, msg in messages]
+    for node in node_list:
+        if isinstance(node, node_type):
+            count += 1
+
+    assert count == expect_count, (
+        "Count of %r in the %r is %d instead of %d"
+        % (node_type, node_list, count, expect_count))
+
+
+def test_NodeMatcher():
+    doctree = nodes.document(None, None)
+    doctree += nodes.paragraph('', 'Hello')
+    doctree += nodes.paragraph('', 'Sphinx', block=1)
+    doctree += nodes.paragraph('', 'World', block=2)
+    doctree += nodes.literal_block('', 'blah blah blah', block=3)
+
+    # search by node class
+    matcher = NodeMatcher(nodes.paragraph)
+    assert len(list(doctree.findall(matcher))) == 3
+
+    # search by multiple node classes
+    matcher = NodeMatcher(nodes.paragraph, nodes.literal_block)
+    assert len(list(doctree.findall(matcher))) == 4
+
+    # search by node attribute
+    matcher = NodeMatcher(block=1)
+    assert len(list(doctree.findall(matcher))) == 1
+
+    # search by node attribute (Any)
+    matcher = NodeMatcher(block=Any)
+    assert len(list(doctree.findall(matcher))) == 3
+
+    # search by both class and attribute
+    matcher = NodeMatcher(nodes.paragraph, block=Any)
+    assert len(list(doctree.findall(matcher))) == 2
+
+    # mismatched
+    matcher = NodeMatcher(nodes.title)
+    assert len(list(doctree.findall(matcher))) == 0
+
+    # search with Any does not match to Text node
+    matcher = NodeMatcher(blah=Any)
+    assert len(list(doctree.findall(matcher))) == 0
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ('rst', 'node_cls', 'count'),
+    [
+        (
+            """
+           .. admonition:: admonition title
+
+              admonition body
+           """,
+            nodes.title, 1,
+        ),
+        (
+            """
+           .. figure:: foo.jpg
+
+              this is title
+           """,
+            nodes.caption, 1,
+        ),
+        (
+            """
+           .. rubric:: spam
+           """,
+            nodes.rubric, 1,
+        ),
+        (
+            """
+           | spam
+           | egg
+           """,
+            nodes.line, 2,
+        ),
+        (
+            """
+           section
+           =======
+
+           +----------------+
+           | | **Title 1**  |
+           | | Message 1    |
+           +----------------+
+           """,
+            nodes.line, 2,
+        ),
+        (
+            """
+           * | **Title 1**
+             | Message 1
+           """,
+            nodes.line, 2,
+
+        ),
+    ],
+)
+def test_extract_messages(rst, node_cls, count):
+    msg = extract_messages(_get_doctree(dedent(rst)))
+    assert_node_count(msg, node_cls, count)
+
+
+def test_extract_messages_without_rawsource():
+    """
+    Check node.rawsource is fall-backed by using node.astext() value.
+
+    `extract_message` which is used from Sphinx i18n feature drop ``not node.rawsource``
+    nodes. So, all nodes which want to translate must have ``rawsource`` value.
+    However, sometimes node.rawsource is not set.
+
+    For example: recommonmark-0.2.0 doesn't set rawsource to `paragraph` node.
+
+    refs #1994: Fall back to node's astext() during i18n message extraction.
+    """
+    p = nodes.paragraph()
+    p.append(nodes.Text('test'))
+    p.append(nodes.Text('sentence'))
+    assert not p.rawsource  # target node must not have rawsource value
+    document = create_new_document()
+    document.append(p)
+    _transform(document)
+    assert_node_count(extract_messages(document), nodes.TextElement, 1)
+    assert [m for n, m in extract_messages(document)][0], 'text sentence'
+
+
+def test_clean_astext():
+    node = nodes.paragraph(text='hello world')
+    assert clean_astext(node) == 'hello world'
+
+    node = nodes.image(alt='hello world')
+    assert clean_astext(node) == ''
+
+    node = nodes.paragraph(text='hello world')
+    node += nodes.raw('', 'raw text', format='html')
+    assert clean_astext(node) == 'hello world'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ('prefix', 'term', 'expected'),
+    [
+        ('', '', 'id0'),
+        ('term', '', 'term-0'),
+        ('term', 'Sphinx', 'term-Sphinx'),
+        ('', 'io.StringIO', 'io.StringIO'),   # contains a dot
+        ('', 'sphinx.setup_command', 'sphinx.setup_command'),  # contains a dot & underscore
+        ('', '_io.StringIO', 'io.StringIO'),  # starts with underscore
+        ('', 'ｓｐｈｉｎｘ', 'sphinx'),  # alphabets in unicode fullwidth characters
+        ('', '悠好', 'id0'),  # multibytes text (in Chinese)
+        ('', 'Hello=悠好=こんにちは', 'Hello'),  # alphabets and multibytes text
+        ('', 'fünf', 'funf'),  # latin1 (umlaut)
+        ('', '0sphinx', 'sphinx'),  # starts with number
+        ('', 'sphinx-', 'sphinx'),  # ends with hyphen
+    ])
+def test_make_id(app, prefix, term, expected):
+    document = create_new_document()
+    assert make_id(app.env, document, prefix, term) == expected
+
+
+def test_make_id_already_registered(app):
+    document = create_new_document()
+    document.ids['term-Sphinx'] = True  # register "term-Sphinx" manually
+    assert make_id(app.env, document, 'term', 'Sphinx') == 'term-0'
+
+
+def test_make_id_sequential(app):
+    document = create_new_document()
+    document.ids['term-0'] = True
+    assert make_id(app.env, document, 'term') == 'term-1'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ('title', 'expected'),
+    [
+        # implicit
+        ('hello', (False, 'hello', 'hello')),
+        # explicit
+        ('hello <world>', (True, 'hello', 'world')),
+        # explicit (title having angle brackets)
+        ('hello <world> <sphinx>', (True, 'hello <world>', 'sphinx')),
+    ],
+)
+def test_split_explicit_target(title, expected):
+    assert expected == split_explicit_title(title)
+
+
+def test_apply_source_workaround_literal_block_no_source():
+    """Regression test for #11091.
+
+     Test that apply_source_workaround doesn't raise.
+     """
+    literal_block = nodes.literal_block('', '')
+    list_item = nodes.list_item('', literal_block)
+    bullet_list = nodes.bullet_list('', list_item)
+
+    assert literal_block.source is None
+    assert list_item.source is None
+    assert bullet_list.source is None
+
+    apply_source_workaround(literal_block)
+
+    assert literal_block.source is None
+    assert list_item.source is None
+    assert bullet_list.source is None
diff --git a/tests/test_util_rst.py b/tests/test_util_rst.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d50c90c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_util_rst.py
@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+"""Tests sphinx.util.rst functions."""
+
+from docutils.statemachine import StringList
+from jinja2 import Environment
+
+from sphinx.util.rst import append_epilog, escape, heading, prepend_prolog, textwidth
+
+
+def test_escape():
+    assert escape(':ref:`id`') == r'\:ref\:\`id\`'
+    assert escape('footnote [#]_') == r'footnote \[\#\]\_'
+    assert escape('sphinx.application') == r'sphinx.application'
+    assert escape('.. toctree::') == r'\.. toctree\:\:'
+
+
+def test_append_epilog(app):
+    epilog = 'this is rst_epilog\ngood-bye reST!'
+    content = StringList(['hello Sphinx world',
+                          'Sphinx is a document generator'],
+                         'dummy.rst')
+    append_epilog(content, epilog)
+
+    assert list(content.xitems()) == [('dummy.rst', 0, 'hello Sphinx world'),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 1, 'Sphinx is a document generator'),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 2, ''),
+                                      ('<rst_epilog>', 0, 'this is rst_epilog'),
+                                      ('<rst_epilog>', 1, 'good-bye reST!')]
+
+
+def test_prepend_prolog(app):
+    prolog = 'this is rst_prolog\nhello reST!'
+    content = StringList([':title: test of SphinxFileInput',
+                          ':author: Sphinx team',
+                          '',
+                          'hello Sphinx world',
+                          'Sphinx is a document generator'],
+                         'dummy.rst')
+    prepend_prolog(content, prolog)
+
+    assert list(content.xitems()) == [('dummy.rst', 0, ':title: test of SphinxFileInput'),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 1, ':author: Sphinx team'),
+                                      ('<generated>', 0, ''),
+                                      ('<rst_prolog>', 0, 'this is rst_prolog'),
+                                      ('<rst_prolog>', 1, 'hello reST!'),
+                                      ('<generated>', 0, ''),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 2, ''),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 3, 'hello Sphinx world'),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 4, 'Sphinx is a document generator')]
+
+
+def test_prepend_prolog_with_CR(app):
+    # prolog having CR at tail
+    prolog = 'this is rst_prolog\nhello reST!\n'
+    content = StringList(['hello Sphinx world',
+                          'Sphinx is a document generator'],
+                         'dummy.rst')
+    prepend_prolog(content, prolog)
+
+    assert list(content.xitems()) == [('<rst_prolog>', 0, 'this is rst_prolog'),
+                                      ('<rst_prolog>', 1, 'hello reST!'),
+                                      ('<generated>', 0, ''),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 0, 'hello Sphinx world'),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 1, 'Sphinx is a document generator')]
+
+
+def test_prepend_prolog_without_CR(app):
+    # prolog not having CR at tail
+    prolog = 'this is rst_prolog\nhello reST!'
+    content = StringList(['hello Sphinx world',
+                          'Sphinx is a document generator'],
+                         'dummy.rst')
+    prepend_prolog(content, prolog)
+
+    assert list(content.xitems()) == [('<rst_prolog>', 0, 'this is rst_prolog'),
+                                      ('<rst_prolog>', 1, 'hello reST!'),
+                                      ('<generated>', 0, ''),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 0, 'hello Sphinx world'),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 1, 'Sphinx is a document generator')]
+
+
+def test_prepend_prolog_with_roles_in_sections(app):
+    prolog = 'this is rst_prolog\nhello reST!'
+    content = StringList([':title: test of SphinxFileInput',
+                          ':author: Sphinx team',
+                          '',  # this newline is required
+                          ':mod:`foo`',
+                          '----------',
+                          '',
+                          'hello'],
+                         'dummy.rst')
+    prepend_prolog(content, prolog)
+
+    assert list(content.xitems()) == [('dummy.rst', 0, ':title: test of SphinxFileInput'),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 1, ':author: Sphinx team'),
+                                      ('<generated>', 0, ''),
+                                      ('<rst_prolog>', 0, 'this is rst_prolog'),
+                                      ('<rst_prolog>', 1, 'hello reST!'),
+                                      ('<generated>', 0, ''),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 2, ''),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 3, ':mod:`foo`'),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 4, '----------'),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 5, ''),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 6, 'hello')]
+
+
+def test_prepend_prolog_with_roles_in_sections_with_newline(app):
+    # prologue with trailing line break
+    prolog = 'this is rst_prolog\nhello reST!\n'
+    content = StringList([':mod:`foo`', '-' * 10, '', 'hello'], 'dummy.rst')
+    prepend_prolog(content, prolog)
+
+    assert list(content.xitems()) == [('<rst_prolog>', 0, 'this is rst_prolog'),
+                                      ('<rst_prolog>', 1, 'hello reST!'),
+                                      ('<generated>', 0, ''),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 0, ':mod:`foo`'),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 1, '----------'),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 2, ''),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 3, 'hello')]
+
+
+def test_prepend_prolog_with_roles_in_sections_without_newline(app):
+    # prologue with no trailing line break
+    prolog = 'this is rst_prolog\nhello reST!'
+    content = StringList([':mod:`foo`', '-' * 10, '', 'hello'], 'dummy.rst')
+    prepend_prolog(content, prolog)
+
+    assert list(content.xitems()) == [('<rst_prolog>', 0, 'this is rst_prolog'),
+                                      ('<rst_prolog>', 1, 'hello reST!'),
+                                      ('<generated>', 0, ''),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 0, ':mod:`foo`'),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 1, '----------'),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 2, ''),
+                                      ('dummy.rst', 3, 'hello')]
+
+
+def test_textwidth():
+    assert textwidth('Hello') == 5
+    assert textwidth('русский язык') == 12
+    assert textwidth('русский язык', 'WFA') == 23  # Cyrillic are ambiguous chars
+
+
+def test_heading():
+    env = Environment()
+    env.extend(language=None)
+
+    assert heading(env, 'Hello') == ('Hello\n'
+                                     '=====')
+    assert heading(env, 'Hello', 1) == ('Hello\n'
+                                        '=====')
+    assert heading(env, 'Hello', 2) == ('Hello\n'
+                                        '-----')
+    assert heading(env, 'Hello', 3) == ('Hello\n'
+                                        '~~~~~')
+    assert heading(env, 'русский язык', 1) == (
+        'русский язык\n'
+        '============'
+    )
+
+    # language=ja: ambiguous
+    env.language = 'ja'
+    assert heading(env, 'русский язык', 1) == (
+        'русский язык\n'
+        '======================='
+    )
diff --git a/tests/test_util_template.py b/tests/test_util_template.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4601179
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_util_template.py
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+"""Tests sphinx.util.template functions."""
+
+from sphinx.util.template import ReSTRenderer
+
+
+def test_ReSTRenderer_escape():
+    r = ReSTRenderer()
+    template = '{{ "*hello*" | e }}'
+    assert r.render_string(template, {}) == r'\*hello\*'
+
+
+def test_ReSTRenderer_heading():
+    r = ReSTRenderer()
+
+    template = '{{ "hello" | heading }}'
+    assert r.render_string(template, {}) == 'hello\n====='
+
+    template = '{{ "hello" | heading(1) }}'
+    assert r.render_string(template, {}) == 'hello\n====='
+
+    template = '{{ "русский язык" | heading(2) }}'
+    assert r.render_string(template, {}) == ('русский язык\n'
+                                             '------------')
+
+    # language: ja
+    r.env.language = 'ja'
+    template = '{{ "русский язык" | heading }}'
+    assert r.render_string(template, {}) == ('русский язык\n'
+                                             '=======================')
diff --git a/tests/test_util_typing.py b/tests/test_util_typing.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d79852e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_util_typing.py
@@ -0,0 +1,536 @@
+"""Tests util.typing functions."""
+
+import sys
+from enum import Enum
+from numbers import Integral
+from struct import Struct
+from types import TracebackType
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    Dict,
+    Generator,
+    List,
+    NewType,
+    Optional,
+    Tuple,
+    TypeVar,
+    Union,
+)
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx.ext.autodoc import mock
+from sphinx.util.typing import INVALID_BUILTIN_CLASSES, restify, stringify_annotation
+
+
+class MyClass1:
+    pass
+
+
+class MyClass2(MyClass1):
+    __qualname__ = '<MyClass2>'
+
+
+class MyEnum(Enum):
+    a = 1
+
+
+T = TypeVar('T')
+MyInt = NewType('MyInt', int)
+
+
+class MyList(List[T]):
+    pass
+
+
+class BrokenType:
+    __args__ = int
+
+
+def test_restify():
+    assert restify(int) == ":py:class:`int`"
+    assert restify(int, "smart") == ":py:class:`int`"
+
+    assert restify(str) == ":py:class:`str`"
+    assert restify(str, "smart") == ":py:class:`str`"
+
+    assert restify(None) == ":py:obj:`None`"
+    assert restify(None, "smart") == ":py:obj:`None`"
+
+    assert restify(Integral) == ":py:class:`numbers.Integral`"
+    assert restify(Integral, "smart") == ":py:class:`~numbers.Integral`"
+
+    assert restify(Struct) == ":py:class:`struct.Struct`"
+    assert restify(Struct, "smart") == ":py:class:`~struct.Struct`"
+
+    assert restify(TracebackType) == ":py:class:`types.TracebackType`"
+    assert restify(TracebackType, "smart") == ":py:class:`~types.TracebackType`"
+
+    assert restify(Any) == ":py:obj:`~typing.Any`"
+    assert restify(Any, "smart") == ":py:obj:`~typing.Any`"
+
+    assert restify('str') == "str"
+    assert restify('str', "smart") == "str"
+
+
+def test_is_invalid_builtin_class():
+    # if these tests start failing, it means that the __module__
+    # of one of these classes has changed, and INVALID_BUILTIN_CLASSES
+    # in sphinx.util.typing needs to be updated.
+    assert INVALID_BUILTIN_CLASSES.keys() == {Struct, TracebackType}
+    assert Struct.__module__ == '_struct'
+    assert TracebackType.__module__ == 'builtins'
+
+
+def test_restify_type_hints_containers():
+    assert restify(List) == ":py:class:`~typing.List`"
+    assert restify(Dict) == ":py:class:`~typing.Dict`"
+    assert restify(List[int]) == ":py:class:`~typing.List`\\ [:py:class:`int`]"
+    assert restify(List[str]) == ":py:class:`~typing.List`\\ [:py:class:`str`]"
+    assert restify(Dict[str, float]) == (":py:class:`~typing.Dict`\\ "
+                                         "[:py:class:`str`, :py:class:`float`]")
+    assert restify(Tuple[str, str, str]) == (":py:class:`~typing.Tuple`\\ "
+                                             "[:py:class:`str`, :py:class:`str`, "
+                                             ":py:class:`str`]")
+    assert restify(Tuple[str, ...]) == ":py:class:`~typing.Tuple`\\ [:py:class:`str`, ...]"
+
+    if sys.version_info[:2] <= (3, 10):
+        assert restify(Tuple[()]) == ":py:class:`~typing.Tuple`\\ [()]"
+    else:
+        assert restify(Tuple[()]) == ":py:class:`~typing.Tuple`"
+
+    assert restify(List[Dict[str, Tuple]]) == (":py:class:`~typing.List`\\ "
+                                               "[:py:class:`~typing.Dict`\\ "
+                                               "[:py:class:`str`, :py:class:`~typing.Tuple`]]")
+    assert restify(MyList[Tuple[int, int]]) == (":py:class:`tests.test_util_typing.MyList`\\ "
+                                                "[:py:class:`~typing.Tuple`\\ "
+                                                "[:py:class:`int`, :py:class:`int`]]")
+    assert restify(Generator[None, None, None]) == (":py:class:`~typing.Generator`\\ "
+                                                    "[:py:obj:`None`, :py:obj:`None`, "
+                                                    ":py:obj:`None`]")
+
+
+def test_restify_type_hints_Callable():
+    assert restify(Callable) == ":py:class:`~typing.Callable`"
+
+    assert restify(Callable[[str], int]) == (":py:class:`~typing.Callable`\\ "
+                                             "[[:py:class:`str`], :py:class:`int`]")
+    assert restify(Callable[..., int]) == (":py:class:`~typing.Callable`\\ "
+                                           "[[...], :py:class:`int`]")
+
+
+def test_restify_type_hints_Union():
+    assert restify(Optional[int]) == ":py:obj:`~typing.Optional`\\ [:py:class:`int`]"
+    assert restify(Union[str, None]) == ":py:obj:`~typing.Optional`\\ [:py:class:`str`]"
+    assert restify(Union[int, str]) == (":py:obj:`~typing.Union`\\ "
+                                        "[:py:class:`int`, :py:class:`str`]")
+    assert restify(Union[int, Integral]) == (":py:obj:`~typing.Union`\\ "
+                                             "[:py:class:`int`, :py:class:`numbers.Integral`]")
+    assert restify(Union[int, Integral], "smart") == (":py:obj:`~typing.Union`\\ "
+                                                      "[:py:class:`int`,"
+                                                      " :py:class:`~numbers.Integral`]")
+
+    assert (restify(Union[MyClass1, MyClass2]) ==
+            (":py:obj:`~typing.Union`\\ "
+             "[:py:class:`tests.test_util_typing.MyClass1`, "
+             ":py:class:`tests.test_util_typing.<MyClass2>`]"))
+    assert (restify(Union[MyClass1, MyClass2], "smart") ==
+            (":py:obj:`~typing.Union`\\ "
+             "[:py:class:`~tests.test_util_typing.MyClass1`,"
+             " :py:class:`~tests.test_util_typing.<MyClass2>`]"))
+
+
+def test_restify_type_hints_typevars():
+    T = TypeVar('T')
+    T_co = TypeVar('T_co', covariant=True)
+    T_contra = TypeVar('T_contra', contravariant=True)
+
+    assert restify(T) == ":py:obj:`tests.test_util_typing.T`"
+    assert restify(T, "smart") == ":py:obj:`~tests.test_util_typing.T`"
+
+    assert restify(T_co) == ":py:obj:`tests.test_util_typing.T_co`"
+    assert restify(T_co, "smart") == ":py:obj:`~tests.test_util_typing.T_co`"
+
+    assert restify(T_contra) == ":py:obj:`tests.test_util_typing.T_contra`"
+    assert restify(T_contra, "smart") == ":py:obj:`~tests.test_util_typing.T_contra`"
+
+    assert restify(List[T]) == ":py:class:`~typing.List`\\ [:py:obj:`tests.test_util_typing.T`]"
+    assert restify(List[T], "smart") == ":py:class:`~typing.List`\\ [:py:obj:`~tests.test_util_typing.T`]"
+
+    assert restify(list[T]) == ":py:class:`list`\\ [:py:obj:`tests.test_util_typing.T`]"
+    assert restify(list[T], "smart") == ":py:class:`list`\\ [:py:obj:`~tests.test_util_typing.T`]"
+
+    if sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 10):
+        assert restify(MyInt) == ":py:class:`tests.test_util_typing.MyInt`"
+        assert restify(MyInt, "smart") == ":py:class:`~tests.test_util_typing.MyInt`"
+    else:
+        assert restify(MyInt) == ":py:class:`MyInt`"
+        assert restify(MyInt, "smart") == ":py:class:`MyInt`"
+
+
+def test_restify_type_hints_custom_class():
+    assert restify(MyClass1) == ":py:class:`tests.test_util_typing.MyClass1`"
+    assert restify(MyClass1, "smart") == ":py:class:`~tests.test_util_typing.MyClass1`"
+
+    assert restify(MyClass2) == ":py:class:`tests.test_util_typing.<MyClass2>`"
+    assert restify(MyClass2, "smart") == ":py:class:`~tests.test_util_typing.<MyClass2>`"
+
+
+def test_restify_type_hints_alias():
+    MyStr = str
+    MyTypingTuple = Tuple[str, str]
+    MyTuple = tuple[str, str]
+    assert restify(MyStr) == ":py:class:`str`"
+    assert restify(MyTypingTuple) == ":py:class:`~typing.Tuple`\\ [:py:class:`str`, :py:class:`str`]"
+    assert restify(MyTuple) == ":py:class:`tuple`\\ [:py:class:`str`, :py:class:`str`]"
+
+
+def test_restify_type_ForwardRef():
+    from typing import ForwardRef  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    assert restify(ForwardRef("MyInt")) == ":py:class:`MyInt`"
+
+    assert restify(list[ForwardRef("MyInt")]) == ":py:class:`list`\\ [:py:class:`MyInt`]"
+
+    assert restify(Tuple[dict[ForwardRef("MyInt"), str], list[List[int]]]) == ":py:class:`~typing.Tuple`\\ [:py:class:`dict`\\ [:py:class:`MyInt`, :py:class:`str`], :py:class:`list`\\ [:py:class:`~typing.List`\\ [:py:class:`int`]]]"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+
+def test_restify_type_Literal():
+    from typing import Literal  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    assert restify(Literal[1, "2", "\r"]) == ":py:obj:`~typing.Literal`\\ [1, '2', '\\r']"
+
+    assert restify(Literal[MyEnum.a], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == ':py:obj:`~typing.Literal`\\ [:py:attr:`tests.test_util_typing.MyEnum.a`]'
+    assert restify(Literal[MyEnum.a], 'smart') == ':py:obj:`~typing.Literal`\\ [:py:attr:`~tests.test_util_typing.MyEnum.a`]'
+
+
+def test_restify_pep_585():
+    assert restify(list[str]) == ":py:class:`list`\\ [:py:class:`str`]"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    assert restify(dict[str, str]) == (":py:class:`dict`\\ "  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+                                       "[:py:class:`str`, :py:class:`str`]")
+    assert restify(tuple[str, ...]) == ":py:class:`tuple`\\ [:py:class:`str`, ...]"
+    assert restify(tuple[str, str, str]) == (":py:class:`tuple`\\ "
+                                             "[:py:class:`str`, :py:class:`str`, "
+                                             ":py:class:`str`]")
+    assert restify(dict[str, tuple[int, ...]]) == (":py:class:`dict`\\ "  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+                                                   "[:py:class:`str`, :py:class:`tuple`\\ "
+                                                   "[:py:class:`int`, ...]]")
+
+    assert restify(tuple[()]) == ":py:class:`tuple`\\ [()]"
+
+    # Mix old typing with PEP 585
+    assert restify(List[dict[str, Tuple[str, ...]]]) == (":py:class:`~typing.List`\\ "
+                                                         "[:py:class:`dict`\\ "
+                                                         "[:py:class:`str`, :py:class:`~typing.Tuple`\\ "
+                                                         "[:py:class:`str`, ...]]]")
+    assert restify(tuple[MyList[list[int]], int]) == (":py:class:`tuple`\\ ["
+                                                      ":py:class:`tests.test_util_typing.MyList`\\ "
+                                                      "[:py:class:`list`\\ [:py:class:`int`]], "
+                                                      ":py:class:`int`]")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(sys.version_info[:2] <= (3, 9), reason='python 3.10+ is required.')
+def test_restify_type_union_operator():
+    assert restify(int | None) == ":py:class:`int` | :py:obj:`None`"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    assert restify(int | str) == ":py:class:`int` | :py:class:`str`"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    assert restify(int | str | None) == (":py:class:`int` | :py:class:`str` | "  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+                                         ":py:obj:`None`")
+
+
+def test_restify_broken_type_hints():
+    assert restify(BrokenType) == ':py:class:`tests.test_util_typing.BrokenType`'
+    assert restify(BrokenType, "smart") == ':py:class:`~tests.test_util_typing.BrokenType`'
+
+
+def test_restify_mock():
+    with mock(['unknown']):
+        import unknown
+        assert restify(unknown) == ':py:class:`unknown`'
+        assert restify(unknown.secret.Class) == ':py:class:`unknown.secret.Class`'
+        assert restify(unknown.secret.Class, "smart") == ':py:class:`~unknown.secret.Class`'
+
+
+def test_stringify_annotation():
+    assert stringify_annotation(int, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "int"
+    assert stringify_annotation(int, "smart") == "int"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(str, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "str"
+    assert stringify_annotation(str, "smart") == "str"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(None, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "None"
+    assert stringify_annotation(None, "smart") == "None"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(Integral, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "numbers.Integral"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Integral, "smart") == "~numbers.Integral"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(Struct, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "struct.Struct"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Struct, "smart") == "~struct.Struct"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(TracebackType, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "types.TracebackType"
+    assert stringify_annotation(TracebackType, "smart") == "~types.TracebackType"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(Any, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "Any"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Any, "fully-qualified") == "typing.Any"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Any, "smart") == "~typing.Any"
+
+
+def test_stringify_type_hints_containers():
+    assert stringify_annotation(List, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "List"
+    assert stringify_annotation(List, "fully-qualified") == "typing.List"
+    assert stringify_annotation(List, "smart") == "~typing.List"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(Dict, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "Dict"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Dict, "fully-qualified") == "typing.Dict"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Dict, "smart") == "~typing.Dict"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(List[int], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "List[int]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(List[int], "fully-qualified") == "typing.List[int]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(List[int], "smart") == "~typing.List[int]"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(List[str], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "List[str]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(List[str], "fully-qualified") == "typing.List[str]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(List[str], "smart") == "~typing.List[str]"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(Dict[str, float], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "Dict[str, float]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Dict[str, float], "fully-qualified") == "typing.Dict[str, float]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Dict[str, float], "smart") == "~typing.Dict[str, float]"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(Tuple[str, str, str], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "Tuple[str, str, str]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Tuple[str, str, str], "fully-qualified") == "typing.Tuple[str, str, str]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Tuple[str, str, str], "smart") == "~typing.Tuple[str, str, str]"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(Tuple[str, ...], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "Tuple[str, ...]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Tuple[str, ...], "fully-qualified") == "typing.Tuple[str, ...]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Tuple[str, ...], "smart") == "~typing.Tuple[str, ...]"
+
+    if sys.version_info[:2] <= (3, 10):
+        assert stringify_annotation(Tuple[()], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "Tuple[()]"
+        assert stringify_annotation(Tuple[()], "fully-qualified") == "typing.Tuple[()]"
+        assert stringify_annotation(Tuple[()], "smart") == "~typing.Tuple[()]"
+    else:
+        assert stringify_annotation(Tuple[()], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "Tuple"
+        assert stringify_annotation(Tuple[()], "fully-qualified") == "typing.Tuple"
+        assert stringify_annotation(Tuple[()], "smart") == "~typing.Tuple"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(List[Dict[str, Tuple]], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "List[Dict[str, Tuple]]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(List[Dict[str, Tuple]], "fully-qualified") == "typing.List[typing.Dict[str, typing.Tuple]]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(List[Dict[str, Tuple]], "smart") == "~typing.List[~typing.Dict[str, ~typing.Tuple]]"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(MyList[Tuple[int, int]], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "tests.test_util_typing.MyList[Tuple[int, int]]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(MyList[Tuple[int, int]], "fully-qualified") == "tests.test_util_typing.MyList[typing.Tuple[int, int]]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(MyList[Tuple[int, int]], "smart") == "~tests.test_util_typing.MyList[~typing.Tuple[int, int]]"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(Generator[None, None, None], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "Generator[None, None, None]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Generator[None, None, None], "fully-qualified") == "typing.Generator[None, None, None]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Generator[None, None, None], "smart") == "~typing.Generator[None, None, None]"
+
+
+def test_stringify_type_hints_pep_585():
+    assert stringify_annotation(list[int], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "list[int]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(list[int], "smart") == "list[int]"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(list[str], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "list[str]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(list[str], "smart") == "list[str]"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(dict[str, float], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "dict[str, float]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(dict[str, float], "smart") == "dict[str, float]"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(tuple[str, str, str], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "tuple[str, str, str]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(tuple[str, str, str], "smart") == "tuple[str, str, str]"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(tuple[str, ...], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "tuple[str, ...]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(tuple[str, ...], "smart") == "tuple[str, ...]"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(tuple[()], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "tuple[()]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(tuple[()], "smart") == "tuple[()]"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(list[dict[str, tuple]], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "list[dict[str, tuple]]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(list[dict[str, tuple]], "smart") == "list[dict[str, tuple]]"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(MyList[tuple[int, int]], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "tests.test_util_typing.MyList[tuple[int, int]]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(MyList[tuple[int, int]], "fully-qualified") == "tests.test_util_typing.MyList[tuple[int, int]]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(MyList[tuple[int, int]], "smart") == "~tests.test_util_typing.MyList[tuple[int, int]]"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(type[int], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "type[int]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(type[int], "smart") == "type[int]"
+
+    # Mix typing and pep 585
+    assert stringify_annotation(tuple[List[dict[int, str]], str, ...], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "tuple[List[dict[int, str]], str, ...]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(tuple[List[dict[int, str]], str, ...], "smart") == "tuple[~typing.List[dict[int, str]], str, ...]"
+
+
+def test_stringify_Annotated():
+    from typing import Annotated  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    assert stringify_annotation(Annotated[str, "foo", "bar"], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "str"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Annotated[str, "foo", "bar"], "smart") == "str"
+
+
+def test_stringify_type_hints_string():
+    assert stringify_annotation("int", 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "int"
+    assert stringify_annotation("int", 'fully-qualified') == "int"
+    assert stringify_annotation("int", "smart") == "int"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation("str", 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "str"
+    assert stringify_annotation("str", 'fully-qualified') == "str"
+    assert stringify_annotation("str", "smart") == "str"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(List["int"], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "List[int]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(List["int"], 'fully-qualified') == "typing.List[int]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(List["int"], "smart") == "~typing.List[int]"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(list["int"], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "list[int]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(list["int"], 'fully-qualified') == "list[int]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(list["int"], "smart") == "list[int]"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation("Tuple[str]", 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "Tuple[str]"
+    assert stringify_annotation("Tuple[str]", 'fully-qualified') == "Tuple[str]"
+    assert stringify_annotation("Tuple[str]", "smart") == "Tuple[str]"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation("tuple[str]", 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "tuple[str]"
+    assert stringify_annotation("tuple[str]", 'fully-qualified') == "tuple[str]"
+    assert stringify_annotation("tuple[str]", "smart") == "tuple[str]"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation("unknown", 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "unknown"
+    assert stringify_annotation("unknown", 'fully-qualified') == "unknown"
+    assert stringify_annotation("unknown", "smart") == "unknown"
+
+
+def test_stringify_type_hints_Callable():
+    assert stringify_annotation(Callable, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "Callable"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Callable, "fully-qualified") == "typing.Callable"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Callable, "smart") == "~typing.Callable"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(Callable[[str], int], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "Callable[[str], int]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Callable[[str], int], "fully-qualified") == "typing.Callable[[str], int]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Callable[[str], int], "smart") == "~typing.Callable[[str], int]"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(Callable[..., int], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "Callable[[...], int]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Callable[..., int], "fully-qualified") == "typing.Callable[[...], int]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Callable[..., int], "smart") == "~typing.Callable[[...], int]"
+
+
+def test_stringify_type_hints_Union():
+    assert stringify_annotation(Optional[int], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "int | None"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Optional[int], "fully-qualified") == "int | None"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Optional[int], "smart") == "int | None"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(Union[str, None], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "str | None"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Union[str, None], "fully-qualified") == "str | None"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Union[str, None], "smart") == "str | None"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(Union[int, str], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "int | str"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Union[int, str], "fully-qualified") == "int | str"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Union[int, str], "smart") == "int | str"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(Union[int, Integral], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "int | numbers.Integral"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Union[int, Integral], "fully-qualified") == "int | numbers.Integral"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Union[int, Integral], "smart") == "int | ~numbers.Integral"
+
+    assert (stringify_annotation(Union[MyClass1, MyClass2], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') ==
+            "tests.test_util_typing.MyClass1 | tests.test_util_typing.<MyClass2>")
+    assert (stringify_annotation(Union[MyClass1, MyClass2], "fully-qualified") ==
+            "tests.test_util_typing.MyClass1 | tests.test_util_typing.<MyClass2>")
+    assert (stringify_annotation(Union[MyClass1, MyClass2], "smart") ==
+            "~tests.test_util_typing.MyClass1 | ~tests.test_util_typing.<MyClass2>")
+
+
+def test_stringify_type_hints_typevars():
+    T = TypeVar('T')
+    T_co = TypeVar('T_co', covariant=True)
+    T_contra = TypeVar('T_contra', contravariant=True)
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(T, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "tests.test_util_typing.T"
+    assert stringify_annotation(T, "smart") == "~tests.test_util_typing.T"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(T_co, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "tests.test_util_typing.T_co"
+    assert stringify_annotation(T_co, "smart") == "~tests.test_util_typing.T_co"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(T_contra, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "tests.test_util_typing.T_contra"
+    assert stringify_annotation(T_contra, "smart") == "~tests.test_util_typing.T_contra"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(List[T], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "List[tests.test_util_typing.T]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(List[T], "smart") == "~typing.List[~tests.test_util_typing.T]"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(list[T], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "list[tests.test_util_typing.T]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(list[T], "smart") == "list[~tests.test_util_typing.T]"
+
+    if sys.version_info[:2] >= (3, 10):
+        assert stringify_annotation(MyInt, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "tests.test_util_typing.MyInt"
+        assert stringify_annotation(MyInt, "smart") == "~tests.test_util_typing.MyInt"
+    else:
+        assert stringify_annotation(MyInt, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "MyInt"
+        assert stringify_annotation(MyInt, "smart") == "MyInt"
+
+
+def test_stringify_type_hints_custom_class():
+    assert stringify_annotation(MyClass1, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "tests.test_util_typing.MyClass1"
+    assert stringify_annotation(MyClass1, "smart") == "~tests.test_util_typing.MyClass1"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(MyClass2, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "tests.test_util_typing.<MyClass2>"
+    assert stringify_annotation(MyClass2, "smart") == "~tests.test_util_typing.<MyClass2>"
+
+
+def test_stringify_type_hints_alias():
+    MyStr = str
+    MyTuple = Tuple[str, str]
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(MyStr, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "str"
+    assert stringify_annotation(MyStr, "smart") == "str"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(MyTuple) == "Tuple[str, str]"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    assert stringify_annotation(MyTuple, "smart") == "~typing.Tuple[str, str]"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+
+def test_stringify_type_Literal():
+    from typing import Literal  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    assert stringify_annotation(Literal[1, "2", "\r"], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "Literal[1, '2', '\\r']"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Literal[1, "2", "\r"], "fully-qualified") == "typing.Literal[1, '2', '\\r']"
+    assert stringify_annotation(Literal[1, "2", "\r"], "smart") == "~typing.Literal[1, '2', '\\r']"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(Literal[MyEnum.a], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == 'Literal[tests.test_util_typing.MyEnum.a]'
+    assert stringify_annotation(Literal[MyEnum.a], 'fully-qualified') == 'typing.Literal[tests.test_util_typing.MyEnum.a]'
+    assert stringify_annotation(Literal[MyEnum.a], 'smart') == '~typing.Literal[MyEnum.a]'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.skipif(sys.version_info[:2] <= (3, 9), reason='python 3.10+ is required.')
+def test_stringify_type_union_operator():
+    assert stringify_annotation(int | None) == "int | None"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    assert stringify_annotation(int | None, "smart") == "int | None"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(int | str) == "int | str"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    assert stringify_annotation(int | str, "smart") == "int | str"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(int | str | None) == "int | str | None"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    assert stringify_annotation(int | str | None, "smart") == "int | str | None"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(int | tuple[dict[str, int | None], list[int | str]] | None) == "int | tuple[dict[str, int | None], list[int | str]] | None"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    assert stringify_annotation(int | tuple[dict[str, int | None], list[int | str]] | None, "smart") == "int | tuple[dict[str, int | None], list[int | str]] | None"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(int | Struct) == "int | struct.Struct"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    assert stringify_annotation(int | Struct, "smart") == "int | ~struct.Struct"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+
+def test_stringify_broken_type_hints():
+    assert stringify_annotation(BrokenType, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == 'tests.test_util_typing.BrokenType'
+    assert stringify_annotation(BrokenType, "smart") == '~tests.test_util_typing.BrokenType'
+
+
+def test_stringify_mock():
+    with mock(['unknown']):
+        import unknown
+        assert stringify_annotation(unknown, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == 'unknown'
+        assert stringify_annotation(unknown.secret.Class, 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == 'unknown.secret.Class'
+        assert stringify_annotation(unknown.secret.Class, "smart") == 'unknown.secret.Class'
+
+
+def test_stringify_type_ForwardRef():
+    from typing import ForwardRef  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(ForwardRef("MyInt")) == "MyInt"
+    assert stringify_annotation(ForwardRef("MyInt"), 'smart') == "MyInt"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(list[ForwardRef("MyInt")]) == "list[MyInt]"
+    assert stringify_annotation(list[ForwardRef("MyInt")], 'smart') == "list[MyInt]"
+
+    assert stringify_annotation(Tuple[dict[ForwardRef("MyInt"), str], list[List[int]]]) == "Tuple[dict[MyInt, str], list[List[int]]]"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    assert stringify_annotation(Tuple[dict[ForwardRef("MyInt"), str], list[List[int]]], 'fully-qualified-except-typing') == "Tuple[dict[MyInt, str], list[List[int]]]"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    assert stringify_annotation(Tuple[dict[ForwardRef("MyInt"), str], list[List[int]]], 'smart') == "~typing.Tuple[dict[MyInt, str], list[~typing.List[int]]]"  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
diff --git a/tests/test_versioning.py b/tests/test_versioning.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ae159df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_versioning.py
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+"""Test the versioning implementation."""
+
+import pickle
+import shutil
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx.testing.util import SphinxTestApp
+from sphinx.versioning import add_uids, get_ratio, merge_doctrees
+
+app = original = original_uids = None
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope='module', autouse=True)
+def _setup_module(rootdir, sphinx_test_tempdir):
+    global app, original, original_uids
+    srcdir = sphinx_test_tempdir / 'test-versioning'
+    if not srcdir.exists():
+        shutil.copytree(rootdir / 'test-versioning', srcdir)
+    app = SphinxTestApp(srcdir=srcdir)
+    app.builder.env.app = app
+    app.connect('doctree-resolved', on_doctree_resolved)
+    app.build()
+    original = doctrees['original']
+    original_uids = [n.uid for n in add_uids(original, is_paragraph)]
+    yield
+    app.cleanup()
+
+
+doctrees = {}
+
+
+def on_doctree_resolved(app, doctree, docname):
+    doctrees[docname] = doctree
+
+
+def is_paragraph(node):
+    return node.__class__.__name__ == 'paragraph'
+
+
+def test_get_ratio():
+    assert get_ratio('', 'a')
+    assert get_ratio('a', '')
+
+
+def test_add_uids():
+    assert len(original_uids) == 3
+
+
+def test_picklablility():
+    # we have to modify the doctree so we can pickle it
+    copy = original.copy()
+    copy.reporter = None
+    copy.transformer = None
+    copy.settings.warning_stream = None
+    copy.settings.env = None
+    copy.settings.record_dependencies = None
+    loaded = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(copy, pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL))
+    assert all(getattr(n, 'uid', False) for n in loaded.findall(is_paragraph))
+
+
+def test_modified():
+    modified = doctrees['modified']
+    new_nodes = list(merge_doctrees(original, modified, is_paragraph))
+    uids = [n.uid for n in modified.findall(is_paragraph)]
+    assert not new_nodes
+    assert original_uids == uids
+
+
+def test_added():
+    added = doctrees['added']
+    new_nodes = list(merge_doctrees(original, added, is_paragraph))
+    uids = [n.uid for n in added.findall(is_paragraph)]
+    assert len(new_nodes) == 1
+    assert original_uids == uids[:-1]
+
+
+def test_deleted():
+    deleted = doctrees['deleted']
+    new_nodes = list(merge_doctrees(original, deleted, is_paragraph))
+    uids = [n.uid for n in deleted.findall(is_paragraph)]
+    assert not new_nodes
+    assert original_uids[::2] == uids
+
+
+def test_deleted_end():
+    deleted_end = doctrees['deleted_end']
+    new_nodes = list(merge_doctrees(original, deleted_end, is_paragraph))
+    uids = [n.uid for n in deleted_end.findall(is_paragraph)]
+    assert not new_nodes
+    assert original_uids[:-1] == uids
+
+
+def test_insert():
+    insert = doctrees['insert']
+    new_nodes = list(merge_doctrees(original, insert, is_paragraph))
+    uids = [n.uid for n in insert.findall(is_paragraph)]
+    assert len(new_nodes) == 1
+    assert original_uids[0] == uids[0]
+    assert original_uids[1:] == uids[2:]
+
+
+def test_insert_beginning():
+    insert_beginning = doctrees['insert_beginning']
+    new_nodes = list(merge_doctrees(original, insert_beginning, is_paragraph))
+    uids = [n.uid for n in insert_beginning.findall(is_paragraph)]
+    assert len(new_nodes) == 1
+    assert len(uids) == 4
+    assert original_uids == uids[1:]
+    assert original_uids[0] != uids[0]
+
+
+def test_insert_similar():
+    insert_similar = doctrees['insert_similar']
+    new_nodes = list(merge_doctrees(original, insert_similar, is_paragraph))
+    uids = [n.uid for n in insert_similar.findall(is_paragraph)]
+    assert len(new_nodes) == 1
+    assert new_nodes[0].rawsource == 'Anyway I need more'
+    assert original_uids[0] == uids[0]
+    assert original_uids[1:] == uids[2:]
diff --git a/tests/test_writer_latex.py b/tests/test_writer_latex.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a0ab3ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_writer_latex.py
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+"""Test the LaTeX writer"""
+
+import pytest
+
+from sphinx.writers.latex import rstdim_to_latexdim
+
+
+def test_rstdim_to_latexdim():
+    # Length units docutils supported
+    # https://docutils.sourceforge.io/docs/ref/rst/restructuredtext.html#length-units
+    assert rstdim_to_latexdim('160em') == '160em'
+    assert rstdim_to_latexdim('160px') == '160\\sphinxpxdimen'
+    assert rstdim_to_latexdim('160in') == '160in'
+    assert rstdim_to_latexdim('160cm') == '160cm'
+    assert rstdim_to_latexdim('160mm') == '160mm'
+    assert rstdim_to_latexdim('160pt') == '160bp'
+    assert rstdim_to_latexdim('160pc') == '160pc'
+    assert rstdim_to_latexdim('30%') == '0.300\\linewidth'
+    assert rstdim_to_latexdim('160') == '160\\sphinxpxdimen'
+
+    # float values
+    assert rstdim_to_latexdim('160.0em') == '160.0em'
+    assert rstdim_to_latexdim('.5em') == '.5em'
+
+    # unknown values (it might be generated by 3rd party extension)
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match='could not convert string to float: '):
+        rstdim_to_latexdim('unknown')
+    assert rstdim_to_latexdim('160.0unknown') == '160.0unknown'
diff --git a/tests/typing_test_data.py b/tests/typing_test_data.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a7ebc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/typing_test_data.py
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+from inspect import Signature
+from numbers import Integral
+from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, TypeVar, Union
+
+
+def f0(x: int, y: Integral) -> None:
+    pass
+
+
+def f1(x: list[int]) -> List[int]:
+    pass
+
+
+T = TypeVar('T')
+T_co = TypeVar('T_co', covariant=True)
+T_contra = TypeVar('T_contra', contravariant=True)
+
+
+def f2(x: List[T], y: List[T_co], z: T) -> List[T_contra]:
+    pass
+
+
+def f3(x: Union[str, Integral]) -> None:
+    pass
+
+
+MyStr = str
+
+
+def f4(x: 'MyStr', y: MyStr) -> None:
+    pass
+
+
+def f5(x: int, *, y: str, z: str) -> None:
+    pass
+
+
+def f6(x: int, *args, y: str, z: str) -> None:
+    pass
+
+
+def f7(x: int = None, y: dict = {}) -> None:  # NoQA: B006
+    pass
+
+
+def f8(x: Callable[[int, str], int]) -> None:
+    # See https://github.com/ambv/typehinting/issues/149 for Callable[..., int]
+    pass
+
+
+def f9(x: Callable) -> None:
+    pass
+
+
+def f10(x: Tuple[int, str], y: Tuple[int, ...]) -> None:
+    pass
+
+
+class CustomAnnotation:
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return 'CustomAnnotation'
+
+
+def f11(x: CustomAnnotation(), y: 123) -> None:
+    pass
+
+
+def f12() -> Tuple[int, str, int]:
+    pass
+
+
+def f13() -> Optional[str]:
+    pass
+
+
+def f14() -> Any:
+    pass
+
+
+def f15(x: "Unknown", y: "int") -> Any:  # noqa: F821  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    pass
+
+
+def f16(arg1, arg2, *, arg3=None, arg4=None):
+    pass
+
+
+def f17(*, arg3, arg4):
+    pass
+
+
+def f18(self, arg1: Union[int, Tuple] = 10) -> List[Dict]:
+    pass
+
+
+def f19(*args: int, **kwargs: str):
+    pass
+
+
+def f20() -> Optional[Union[int, str]]:
+    pass
+
+
+def f21(arg1='whatever', arg2=Signature.empty):
+    pass
+
+
+def f22(*, a, b):
+    pass
+
+
+def f23(a, b, /, c, d):
+    pass
+
+
+def f24(a, /, *, b):
+    pass
+
+
+def f25(a, b, /):
+    pass
+
+
+class Node:
+    def __init__(self, parent: Optional['Node']) -> None:
+        pass
+
+    def children(self) -> List['Node']:
+        pass
diff --git a/tests/utils.py b/tests/utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..32636b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+import contextlib
+import http.server
+import pathlib
+import threading
+from ssl import PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER, SSLContext
+
+import filelock
+
+# Generated with:
+# $ openssl req -new -x509 -days 3650 -nodes -out cert.pem \
+#     -keyout cert.pem -addext "subjectAltName = DNS:localhost"
+TESTS_ROOT = pathlib.Path(__file__).parent
+CERT_FILE = str(TESTS_ROOT / "certs" / "cert.pem")
+
+# File lock for tests
+LOCK_PATH = str(TESTS_ROOT / 'test-server.lock')
+
+
+class HttpServerThread(threading.Thread):
+    def __init__(self, handler, *args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        self.server = http.server.ThreadingHTTPServer(("localhost", 7777), handler)
+
+    def run(self):
+        self.server.serve_forever(poll_interval=0.001)
+
+    def terminate(self):
+        self.server.shutdown()
+        self.server.server_close()
+        self.join()
+
+
+class HttpsServerThread(HttpServerThread):
+    def __init__(self, handler, *args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(handler, *args, **kwargs)
+        sslcontext = SSLContext(PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER)
+        sslcontext.load_cert_chain(CERT_FILE)
+        self.server.socket = sslcontext.wrap_socket(self.server.socket, server_side=True)
+
+
+def create_server(thread_class):
+    def server(handler):
+        lock = filelock.FileLock(LOCK_PATH)
+        with lock:
+            server_thread = thread_class(handler, daemon=True)
+            server_thread.start()
+            try:
+                yield server_thread
+            finally:
+                server_thread.terminate()
+    return contextlib.contextmanager(server)
+
+
+http_server = create_server(HttpServerThread)
+https_server = create_server(HttpsServerThread)