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<title>Query Language Understood by SQLite</title>
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<h1 align=center>SQL As Understood By SQLite</h1>

<p>SQLite understands most of the standard SQL
language.  But it does <a href="omitted.html">omit some features</a>
while at the same time
adding a few features of its own.  This document attempts to
describe precisely what parts of the SQL language SQLite does
and does not support.  A list of <a href="lang_keywords.html">SQL keywords</a> is
also provided.  The SQL language syntax is described by
<a href="syntaxdiagrams.html">syntax diagrams</a>.

<p>The following syntax documentation topics are available:</p>

<table width="100%" cellpadding="5" border="0">
<tr><td valign="top"><ul>

<div class='columns' style='columns: 17em auto;'>
<ul style='padding-top:0;'>
<li><a href='lang_aggfunc.html'>aggregate functions</a></li>
<li><a href='lang_altertable.html'>ALTER TABLE</a></li>
<li><a href='lang_analyze.html'>ANALYZE</a></li>
<li><a href='lang_attach.html'>ATTACH DATABASE</a></li>
<li><a href='lang_transaction.html'>BEGIN TRANSACTION</a></li>
<li><a href='lang_comment.html'>comment</a></li>
<li><a href='lang_transaction.html'>COMMIT TRANSACTION</a></li>
<li><a href='lang_corefunc.html'>core functions</a></li>
<li><a href='lang_createindex.html'>CREATE INDEX</a></li>
<li><a href='lang_createtable.html'>CREATE TABLE</a></li>
<li><a href='lang_createtrigger.html'>CREATE TRIGGER</a></li>
<li><a href='lang_createview.html'>CREATE VIEW</a></li>
<li><a href='lang_createvtab.html'>CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE</a></li>
<li><a href='lang_datefunc.html'>date and time functions</a></li>
<li><a href='lang_delete.html'>DELETE</a></li>
<li><a href='lang_detach.html'>DETACH DATABASE</a></li>
<li><a href='lang_dropindex.html'>DROP INDEX</a></li>
<li><a href='lang_droptable.html'>DROP TABLE</a></li>
<li><a href='lang_droptrigger.html'>DROP TRIGGER</a></li>
<li><a href='lang_dropview.html'>DROP VIEW</a></li>
<li><a href='lang_transaction.html'>END TRANSACTION</a></li>
<li><a href='lang_explain.html'>EXPLAIN</a></li>
<li><a href='lang_expr.html'>expression</a></li>
<li><a href='lang_indexedby.html'>INDEXED BY</a></li>
<li><a href='lang_insert.html'>INSERT</a></li>
<li><a href='lang_keywords.html'>keywords</a></li>
<li><a href='lang_conflict.html'>ON CONFLICT clause</a></li>
<li><a href='pragma.html#syntax'>PRAGMA</a></li>
<li><a href='lang_reindex.html'>REINDEX</a></li>
<li><a href='lang_savepoint.html'>RELEASE SAVEPOINT</a></li>
<li><a href='lang_replace.html'>REPLACE</a></li>
<li><a href='lang_returning.html'>RETURNING clause</a></li>
<li><a href='lang_transaction.html'>ROLLBACK TRANSACTION</a></li>
<li><a href='lang_savepoint.html'>SAVEPOINT</a></li>
<li><a href='lang_select.html'>SELECT</a></li>
<li><a href='lang_update.html'>UPDATE</a></li>
<li><a href='lang_upsert.html'>UPSERT</a></li>
<li><a href='lang_vacuum.html'>VACUUM</a></li>
<li><a href='lang_with.html'>WITH clause</a></li>
</ul>
</div>

</ul></td></tr></table>

<p>The routines <a href="c3ref/prepare.html">sqlite3_prepare_v2()</a>, <a href="c3ref/prepare.html">sqlite3_prepare()</a>,
<a href="c3ref/prepare.html">sqlite3_prepare16()</a>, <a href="c3ref/prepare.html">sqlite3_prepare16_v2()</a>,
<a href="c3ref/exec.html">sqlite3_exec()</a>, and <a href="c3ref/free_table.html">sqlite3_get_table()</a> accept
an SQL statement list (sql-stmt-list) which is a semicolon-separated
list of statements.</p>

<p><b><a href="syntax/sql-stmt-list.html">sql-stmt-list:</a></b></p><div class='imgcontainer'>
 <div style="max-width:242px"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' class="pikchr" viewBox="0 0 242.093 88.776">
<circle cx="5" cy="55" r="3.6"  style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<path d="M9,55L45,55"  style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M45,55L75,55"  style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<path d="M81,70L160,70L160,39L81,39Z"  style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<text x="121" y="55" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">sql-stmt</text>
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<path d="M121,82 L 155,82 Q 170,82 170,68 Q 170,55 177,55 L 185,55"  style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<path d="M121,32A15 15 0 0 0 136 17L136,17A15 15 0 0 0 121 2A15 15 0 0 0 105 17L105,17A15 15 0 0 0 121 32Z"  style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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</svg>
</div>
 </div>


<p>Each SQL statement in the statement list is an instance of the
following:</p>

<p><b><a href="syntax/sql-stmt.html">sql-stmt:</a></b></p><div class='imgcontainer'>
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<text x="95" y="55" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">EXPLAIN</text>
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<path d="M191,70L235,70A15 15 0 0 0 250 55L250,55A15 15 0 0 0 235 39L191,39A15 15 0 0 0 176 55L176,55A15 15 0 0 0 191 70Z"  style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<text x="213" y="55" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">QUERY</text>
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<path d="M282,70L311,70A15 15 0 0 0 327 55L327,55A15 15 0 0 0 311 39L282,39A15 15 0 0 0 267 55L267,55A15 15 0 0 0 282 70Z"  style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M182,17L357,17"  style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<path d="M666,17L701,17"  style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
<circle cx="711" cy="17" r="3.6"  style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<polygon points="666,92 654,97 654,88" style="fill:rgb(0,0,0)"/>
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<path d="M666,92 L 673,92 Q 681,92 681,85 L 681,77"  style="fill:none;stroke-width:2.16;stroke:rgb(0,0,0);" />
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<text x="460" y="130" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">begin-stmt</text>
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<text x="468" y="168" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">commit-stmt</text>
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<text x="489" y="206" text-anchor="middle" fill="rgb(0,0,0)" dominant-baseline="central">create-index-stmt</text>
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