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+//! Syn is a parsing library for parsing a stream of Rust tokens into a syntax
+//! tree of Rust source code.
+//!
+//! Currently this library is geared toward use in Rust procedural macros, but
+//! contains some APIs that may be useful more generally.
+//!
+//! - **Data structures** — Syn provides a complete syntax tree that can
+//! represent any valid Rust source code. The syntax tree is rooted at
+//! [`syn::File`] which represents a full source file, but there are other
+//! entry points that may be useful to procedural macros including
+//! [`syn::Item`], [`syn::Expr`] and [`syn::Type`].
+//!
+//! - **Custom derives** — Of particular interest to custom derives is
+//! [`syn::DeriveInput`] which is any of the three legal input items to a
+//! derive macro. An example below shows using this type in a library that can
+//! derive implementations of a trait of your own.
+//!
+//! - **Parsing** — Parsing in Syn is built around [parser functions] with the
+//! signature `fn(ParseStream) -> Result<T>`. Every syntax tree node defined
+//! by Syn is individually parsable and may be used as a building block for
+//! custom syntaxes, or you may dream up your own brand new syntax without
+//! involving any of our syntax tree types.
+//!
+//! - **Location information** — Every token parsed by Syn is associated with a
+//! `Span` that tracks line and column information back to the source of that
+//! token. These spans allow a procedural macro to display detailed error
+//! messages pointing to all the right places in the user's code. There is an
+//! example of this below.
+//!
+//! - **Feature flags** — Functionality is aggressively feature gated so your
+//! procedural macros enable only what they need, and do not pay in compile
+//! time for all the rest.
+//!
+//! [`syn::File`]: struct.File.html
+//! [`syn::Item`]: enum.Item.html
+//! [`syn::Expr`]: enum.Expr.html
+//! [`syn::Type`]: enum.Type.html
+//! [`syn::DeriveInput`]: struct.DeriveInput.html
+//! [parser functions]: parse/index.html
+//!
+//! *Version requirement: Syn supports any compiler version back to Rust's very
+//! first support for procedural macros in Rust 1.15.0. Some features especially
+//! around error reporting are only available in newer compilers or on the
+//! nightly channel.*
+//!
+//! ## Example of a custom derive
+//!
+//! The canonical custom derive using Syn looks like this. We write an ordinary
+//! Rust function tagged with a `proc_macro_derive` attribute and the name of
+//! the trait we are deriving. Any time that derive appears in the user's code,
+//! the Rust compiler passes their data structure as tokens into our macro. We
+//! get to execute arbitrary Rust code to figure out what to do with those
+//! tokens, then hand some tokens back to the compiler to compile into the
+//! user's crate.
+//!
+//! [`TokenStream`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/proc_macro/struct.TokenStream.html
+//!
+//! ```toml
+//! [dependencies]
+//! syn = "0.15"
+//! quote = "0.6"
+//!
+//! [lib]
+//! proc-macro = true
+//! ```
+//!
+//! ```edition2018
+//! extern crate proc_macro;
+//!
+//! use proc_macro::TokenStream;
+//! use quote::quote;
+//! use syn::{parse_macro_input, DeriveInput};
+//!
+//! # const IGNORE_TOKENS: &str = stringify! {
+//! #[proc_macro_derive(MyMacro)]
+//! # };
+//! pub fn my_macro(input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
+//! // Parse the input tokens into a syntax tree
+//! let input = parse_macro_input!(input as DeriveInput);
+//!
+//! // Build the output, possibly using quasi-quotation
+//! let expanded = quote! {
+//! // ...
+//! };
+//!
+//! // Hand the output tokens back to the compiler
+//! TokenStream::from(expanded)
+//! }
+//! ```
+//!
+//! The [`heapsize`] example directory shows a complete working Macros 1.1
+//! implementation of a custom derive. It works on any Rust compiler 1.15+.
+//! The example derives a `HeapSize` trait which computes an estimate of the
+//! amount of heap memory owned by a value.
+//!
+//! [`heapsize`]: https://github.com/dtolnay/syn/tree/master/examples/heapsize
+//!
+//! ```edition2018
+//! pub trait HeapSize {
+//! /// Total number of bytes of heap memory owned by `self`.
+//! fn heap_size_of_children(&self) -> usize;
+//! }
+//! ```
+//!
+//! The custom derive allows users to write `#[derive(HeapSize)]` on data
+//! structures in their program.
+//!
+//! ```edition2018
+//! # const IGNORE_TOKENS: &str = stringify! {
+//! #[derive(HeapSize)]
+//! # };
+//! struct Demo<'a, T: ?Sized> {
+//! a: Box<T>,
+//! b: u8,
+//! c: &'a str,
+//! d: String,
+//! }
+//! ```
+//!
+//! ## Spans and error reporting
+//!
+//! The token-based procedural macro API provides great control over where the
+//! compiler's error messages are displayed in user code. Consider the error the
+//! user sees if one of their field types does not implement `HeapSize`.
+//!
+//! ```edition2018
+//! # const IGNORE_TOKENS: &str = stringify! {
+//! #[derive(HeapSize)]
+//! # };
+//! struct Broken {
+//! ok: String,
+//! bad: std::thread::Thread,
+//! }
+//! ```
+//!
+//! By tracking span information all the way through the expansion of a
+//! procedural macro as shown in the `heapsize` example, token-based macros in
+//! Syn are able to trigger errors that directly pinpoint the source of the
+//! problem.
+//!
+//! ```text
+//! error[E0277]: the trait bound `std::thread::Thread: HeapSize` is not satisfied
+//! --> src/main.rs:7:5
+//! |
+//! 7 | bad: std::thread::Thread,
+//! | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ the trait `HeapSize` is not implemented for `Thread`
+//! ```
+//!
+//! ## Parsing a custom syntax
+//!
+//! The [`lazy-static`] example directory shows the implementation of a
+//! `functionlike!(...)` procedural macro in which the input tokens are parsed
+//! using Syn's parsing API.
+//!
+//! [`lazy-static`]: https://github.com/dtolnay/syn/tree/master/examples/lazy-static
+//!
+//! The example reimplements the popular `lazy_static` crate from crates.io as a
+//! procedural macro.
+//!
+//! ```edition2018
+//! # macro_rules! lazy_static {
+//! # ($($tt:tt)*) => {}
+//! # }
+//! #
+//! lazy_static! {
+//! static ref USERNAME: Regex = Regex::new("^[a-z0-9_-]{3,16}$").unwrap();
+//! }
+//! ```
+//!
+//! The implementation shows how to trigger custom warnings and error messages
+//! on the macro input.
+//!
+//! ```text
+//! warning: come on, pick a more creative name
+//! --> src/main.rs:10:16
+//! |
+//! 10 | static ref FOO: String = "lazy_static".to_owned();
+//! | ^^^
+//! ```
+//!
+//! ## Testing
+//!
+//! When testing macros, we often care not just that the macro can be used
+//! successfully but also that when the macro is provided with invalid input it
+//! produces maximally helpful error messages. Consider using the [`trybuild`]
+//! crate to write tests for errors that are emitted by your macro or errors
+//! detected by the Rust compiler in the expanded code following misuse of the
+//! macro. Such tests help avoid regressions from later refactors that
+//! mistakenly make an error no longer trigger or be less helpful than it used
+//! to be.
+//!
+//! [`trybuild`]: https://github.com/dtolnay/trybuild
+//!
+//! ## Debugging
+//!
+//! When developing a procedural macro it can be helpful to look at what the
+//! generated code looks like. Use `cargo rustc -- -Zunstable-options
+//! --pretty=expanded` or the [`cargo expand`] subcommand.
+//!
+//! [`cargo expand`]: https://github.com/dtolnay/cargo-expand
+//!
+//! To show the expanded code for some crate that uses your procedural macro,
+//! run `cargo expand` from that crate. To show the expanded code for one of
+//! your own test cases, run `cargo expand --test the_test_case` where the last
+//! argument is the name of the test file without the `.rs` extension.
+//!
+//! This write-up by Brandon W Maister discusses debugging in more detail:
+//! [Debugging Rust's new Custom Derive system][debugging].
+//!
+//! [debugging]: https://quodlibetor.github.io/posts/debugging-rusts-new-custom-derive-system/
+//!
+//! ## Optional features
+//!
+//! Syn puts a lot of functionality behind optional features in order to
+//! optimize compile time for the most common use cases. The following features
+//! are available.
+//!
+//! - **`derive`** *(enabled by default)* — Data structures for representing the
+//! possible input to a custom derive, including structs and enums and types.
+//! - **`full`** — Data structures for representing the syntax tree of all valid
+//! Rust source code, including items and expressions.
+//! - **`parsing`** *(enabled by default)* — Ability to parse input tokens into
+//! a syntax tree node of a chosen type.
+//! - **`printing`** *(enabled by default)* — Ability to print a syntax tree
+//! node as tokens of Rust source code.
+//! - **`visit`** — Trait for traversing a syntax tree.
+//! - **`visit-mut`** — Trait for traversing and mutating in place a syntax
+//! tree.
+//! - **`fold`** — Trait for transforming an owned syntax tree.
+//! - **`clone-impls`** *(enabled by default)* — Clone impls for all syntax tree
+//! types.
+//! - **`extra-traits`** — Debug, Eq, PartialEq, Hash impls for all syntax tree
+//! types.
+//! - **`proc-macro`** *(enabled by default)* — Runtime dependency on the
+//! dynamic library libproc_macro from rustc toolchain.
+
+// Syn types in rustdoc of other crates get linked to here.
+#![doc(html_root_url = "https://docs.rs/syn/0.15.44")]
+#![allow(unknown_lints, bare_trait_objects, ellipsis_inclusive_range_patterns)]
+#![cfg_attr(feature = "cargo-clippy", allow(renamed_and_removed_lints))]
+#![cfg_attr(feature = "cargo-clippy", deny(clippy, clippy_pedantic))]
+// Ignored clippy lints.
+#![cfg_attr(
+ feature = "cargo-clippy",
+ allow(
+ block_in_if_condition_stmt,
+ cognitive_complexity,
+ deprecated_cfg_attr,
+ doc_markdown,
+ eval_order_dependence,
+ large_enum_variant,
+ needless_pass_by_value,
+ never_loop,
+ redundant_field_names,
+ redundant_static_lifetimes,
+ too_many_arguments,
+ )
+)]
+// Ignored clippy_pedantic lints.
+#![cfg_attr(
+ feature = "cargo-clippy",
+ allow(
+ cast_possible_truncation,
+ cast_possible_wrap,
+ empty_enum,
+ if_not_else,
+ items_after_statements,
+ module_name_repetitions,
+ shadow_unrelated,
+ similar_names,
+ single_match_else,
+ unseparated_literal_suffix,
+ use_self,
+ used_underscore_binding,
+ )
+)]
+
+#[cfg(all(
+ not(all(target_arch = "wasm32", any(target_os = "unknown", target_os = "wasi"))),
+ feature = "proc-macro"
+))]
+extern crate proc_macro;
+extern crate proc_macro2;
+extern crate unicode_xid;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "printing")]
+extern crate quote;
+
+#[macro_use]
+mod macros;
+
+// Not public API.
+#[cfg(feature = "parsing")]
+#[doc(hidden)]
+#[macro_use]
+pub mod group;
+
+#[macro_use]
+pub mod token;
+
+mod ident;
+pub use ident::Ident;
+
+#[cfg(any(feature = "full", feature = "derive"))]
+mod attr;
+#[cfg(any(feature = "full", feature = "derive"))]
+pub use attr::{AttrStyle, Attribute, AttributeArgs, Meta, MetaList, MetaNameValue, NestedMeta};
+
+#[cfg(any(feature = "full", feature = "derive"))]
+mod data;
+#[cfg(any(feature = "full", feature = "derive"))]
+pub use data::{
+ Field, Fields, FieldsNamed, FieldsUnnamed, Variant, VisCrate, VisPublic, VisRestricted,
+ Visibility,
+};
+
+#[cfg(any(feature = "full", feature = "derive"))]
+mod expr;
+#[cfg(any(feature = "full", feature = "derive"))]
+pub use expr::{
+ Expr, ExprArray, ExprAssign, ExprAssignOp, ExprAsync, ExprBinary, ExprBlock, ExprBox,
+ ExprBreak, ExprCall, ExprCast, ExprClosure, ExprContinue, ExprField, ExprForLoop, ExprGroup,
+ ExprIf, ExprInPlace, ExprIndex, ExprLet, ExprLit, ExprLoop, ExprMacro, ExprMatch,
+ ExprMethodCall, ExprParen, ExprPath, ExprRange, ExprReference, ExprRepeat, ExprReturn,
+ ExprStruct, ExprTry, ExprTryBlock, ExprTuple, ExprType, ExprUnary, ExprUnsafe, ExprVerbatim,
+ ExprWhile, ExprYield, Index, Member,
+};
+
+#[cfg(feature = "full")]
+pub use expr::{
+ Arm, Block, FieldPat, FieldValue, GenericMethodArgument, Label, Local, MethodTurbofish, Pat,
+ PatBox, PatIdent, PatLit, PatMacro, PatPath, PatRange, PatRef, PatSlice, PatStruct, PatTuple,
+ PatTupleStruct, PatVerbatim, PatWild, RangeLimits, Stmt,
+};
+
+#[cfg(any(feature = "full", feature = "derive"))]
+mod generics;
+#[cfg(any(feature = "full", feature = "derive"))]
+pub use generics::{
+ BoundLifetimes, ConstParam, GenericParam, Generics, LifetimeDef, PredicateEq,
+ PredicateLifetime, PredicateType, TraitBound, TraitBoundModifier, TypeParam, TypeParamBound,
+ WhereClause, WherePredicate,
+};
+#[cfg(all(any(feature = "full", feature = "derive"), feature = "printing"))]
+pub use generics::{ImplGenerics, Turbofish, TypeGenerics};
+
+#[cfg(feature = "full")]
+mod item;
+#[cfg(feature = "full")]
+pub use item::{
+ ArgCaptured, ArgSelf, ArgSelfRef, FnArg, FnDecl, ForeignItem, ForeignItemFn, ForeignItemMacro,
+ ForeignItemStatic, ForeignItemType, ForeignItemVerbatim, ImplItem, ImplItemConst,
+ ImplItemExistential, ImplItemMacro, ImplItemMethod, ImplItemType, ImplItemVerbatim, Item,
+ ItemConst, ItemEnum, ItemExistential, ItemExternCrate, ItemFn, ItemForeignMod, ItemImpl,
+ ItemMacro, ItemMacro2, ItemMod, ItemStatic, ItemStruct, ItemTrait, ItemTraitAlias, ItemType,
+ ItemUnion, ItemUse, ItemVerbatim, MethodSig, TraitItem, TraitItemConst, TraitItemMacro,
+ TraitItemMethod, TraitItemType, TraitItemVerbatim, UseGlob, UseGroup, UseName, UsePath,
+ UseRename, UseTree,
+};
+
+#[cfg(feature = "full")]
+mod file;
+#[cfg(feature = "full")]
+pub use file::File;
+
+mod lifetime;
+pub use lifetime::Lifetime;
+
+#[cfg(any(feature = "full", feature = "derive"))]
+mod lit;
+#[cfg(any(feature = "full", feature = "derive"))]
+pub use lit::{
+ FloatSuffix, IntSuffix, Lit, LitBool, LitByte, LitByteStr, LitChar, LitFloat, LitInt, LitStr,
+ LitVerbatim, StrStyle,
+};
+
+#[cfg(any(feature = "full", feature = "derive"))]
+mod mac;
+#[cfg(any(feature = "full", feature = "derive"))]
+pub use mac::{Macro, MacroDelimiter};
+
+#[cfg(any(feature = "full", feature = "derive"))]
+mod derive;
+#[cfg(feature = "derive")]
+pub use derive::{Data, DataEnum, DataStruct, DataUnion, DeriveInput};
+
+#[cfg(any(feature = "full", feature = "derive"))]
+mod op;
+#[cfg(any(feature = "full", feature = "derive"))]
+pub use op::{BinOp, UnOp};
+
+#[cfg(any(feature = "full", feature = "derive"))]
+mod ty;
+#[cfg(any(feature = "full", feature = "derive"))]
+pub use ty::{
+ Abi, BareFnArg, BareFnArgName, ReturnType, Type, TypeArray, TypeBareFn, TypeGroup,
+ TypeImplTrait, TypeInfer, TypeMacro, TypeNever, TypeParen, TypePath, TypePtr, TypeReference,
+ TypeSlice, TypeTraitObject, TypeTuple, TypeVerbatim,
+};
+
+#[cfg(any(feature = "full", feature = "derive"))]
+mod path;
+#[cfg(any(feature = "full", feature = "derive"))]
+pub use path::{
+ AngleBracketedGenericArguments, Binding, Constraint, GenericArgument,
+ ParenthesizedGenericArguments, Path, PathArguments, PathSegment, QSelf,
+};
+
+#[cfg(feature = "parsing")]
+pub mod buffer;
+#[cfg(feature = "parsing")]
+pub mod ext;
+pub mod punctuated;
+#[cfg(all(any(feature = "full", feature = "derive"), feature = "extra-traits"))]
+mod tt;
+
+// Not public API except the `parse_quote!` macro.
+#[cfg(feature = "parsing")]
+#[doc(hidden)]
+pub mod parse_quote;
+
+// Not public API except the `parse_macro_input!` macro.
+#[cfg(all(
+ not(all(target_arch = "wasm32", any(target_os = "unknown", target_os = "wasi"))),
+ feature = "parsing",
+ feature = "proc-macro"
+))]
+#[doc(hidden)]
+pub mod parse_macro_input;
+
+#[cfg(all(feature = "parsing", feature = "printing"))]
+pub mod spanned;
+
+mod gen {
+ /// Syntax tree traversal to walk a shared borrow of a syntax tree.
+ ///
+ /// Each method of the [`Visit`] trait is a hook that can be overridden to
+ /// customize the behavior when visiting the corresponding type of node. By
+ /// default, every method recursively visits the substructure of the input
+ /// by invoking the right visitor method of each of its fields.
+ ///
+ /// [`Visit`]: visit::Visit
+ ///
+ /// ```edition2018
+ /// # use syn::{Attribute, BinOp, Expr, ExprBinary};
+ /// #
+ /// pub trait Visit<'ast> {
+ /// /* ... */
+ ///
+ /// fn visit_expr_binary(&mut self, node: &'ast ExprBinary) {
+ /// for attr in &node.attrs {
+ /// self.visit_attribute(attr);
+ /// }
+ /// self.visit_expr(&*node.left);
+ /// self.visit_bin_op(&node.op);
+ /// self.visit_expr(&*node.right);
+ /// }
+ ///
+ /// /* ... */
+ /// # fn visit_attribute(&mut self, node: &'ast Attribute);
+ /// # fn visit_expr(&mut self, node: &'ast Expr);
+ /// # fn visit_bin_op(&mut self, node: &'ast BinOp);
+ /// }
+ /// ```
+ ///
+ /// *This module is available if Syn is built with the `"visit"` feature.*
+ #[cfg(feature = "visit")]
+ pub mod visit;
+
+ /// Syntax tree traversal to mutate an exclusive borrow of a syntax tree in
+ /// place.
+ ///
+ /// Each method of the [`VisitMut`] trait is a hook that can be overridden
+ /// to customize the behavior when mutating the corresponding type of node.
+ /// By default, every method recursively visits the substructure of the
+ /// input by invoking the right visitor method of each of its fields.
+ ///
+ /// [`VisitMut`]: visit_mut::VisitMut
+ ///
+ /// ```edition2018
+ /// # use syn::{Attribute, BinOp, Expr, ExprBinary};
+ /// #
+ /// pub trait VisitMut {
+ /// /* ... */
+ ///
+ /// fn visit_expr_binary_mut(&mut self, node: &mut ExprBinary) {
+ /// for attr in &mut node.attrs {
+ /// self.visit_attribute_mut(attr);
+ /// }
+ /// self.visit_expr_mut(&mut *node.left);
+ /// self.visit_bin_op_mut(&mut node.op);
+ /// self.visit_expr_mut(&mut *node.right);
+ /// }
+ ///
+ /// /* ... */
+ /// # fn visit_attribute_mut(&mut self, node: &mut Attribute);
+ /// # fn visit_expr_mut(&mut self, node: &mut Expr);
+ /// # fn visit_bin_op_mut(&mut self, node: &mut BinOp);
+ /// }
+ /// ```
+ ///
+ /// *This module is available if Syn is built with the `"visit-mut"`
+ /// feature.*
+ #[cfg(feature = "visit-mut")]
+ pub mod visit_mut;
+
+ /// Syntax tree traversal to transform the nodes of an owned syntax tree.
+ ///
+ /// Each method of the [`Fold`] trait is a hook that can be overridden to
+ /// customize the behavior when transforming the corresponding type of node.
+ /// By default, every method recursively visits the substructure of the
+ /// input by invoking the right visitor method of each of its fields.
+ ///
+ /// [`Fold`]: fold::Fold
+ ///
+ /// ```edition2018
+ /// # use syn::{Attribute, BinOp, Expr, ExprBinary};
+ /// #
+ /// pub trait Fold {
+ /// /* ... */
+ ///
+ /// fn fold_expr_binary(&mut self, node: ExprBinary) -> ExprBinary {
+ /// ExprBinary {
+ /// attrs: node.attrs
+ /// .into_iter()
+ /// .map(|attr| self.fold_attribute(attr))
+ /// .collect(),
+ /// left: Box::new(self.fold_expr(*node.left)),
+ /// op: self.fold_bin_op(node.op),
+ /// right: Box::new(self.fold_expr(*node.right)),
+ /// }
+ /// }
+ ///
+ /// /* ... */
+ /// # fn fold_attribute(&mut self, node: Attribute) -> Attribute;
+ /// # fn fold_expr(&mut self, node: Expr) -> Expr;
+ /// # fn fold_bin_op(&mut self, node: BinOp) -> BinOp;
+ /// }
+ /// ```
+ ///
+ /// *This module is available if Syn is built with the `"fold"` feature.*
+ #[cfg(feature = "fold")]
+ pub mod fold;
+
+ #[cfg(any(feature = "full", feature = "derive"))]
+ #[path = "../gen_helper.rs"]
+ mod helper;
+}
+pub use gen::*;
+
+// Not public API.
+#[doc(hidden)]
+pub mod export;
+
+mod custom_keyword;
+mod custom_punctuation;
+mod sealed;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "parsing")]
+mod lookahead;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "parsing")]
+pub mod parse;
+
+mod span;
+
+#[cfg(all(any(feature = "full", feature = "derive"), feature = "printing"))]
+mod print;
+
+mod thread;
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#[cfg(any(feature = "parsing", feature = "full", feature = "derive"))]
+#[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
+struct private;
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+mod error;
+pub use error::{Error, Result};
+
+/// Parse tokens of source code into the chosen syntax tree node.
+///
+/// This is preferred over parsing a string because tokens are able to preserve
+/// information about where in the user's code they were originally written (the
+/// "span" of the token), possibly allowing the compiler to produce better error
+/// messages.
+///
+/// This function parses a `proc_macro::TokenStream` which is the type used for
+/// interop with the compiler in a procedural macro. To parse a
+/// `proc_macro2::TokenStream`, use [`syn::parse2`] instead.
+///
+/// [`syn::parse2`]: parse2
+///
+/// *This function is available if Syn is built with both the `"parsing"` and
+/// `"proc-macro"` features.*
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// ```edition2018
+/// extern crate proc_macro;
+///
+/// use proc_macro::TokenStream;
+/// use quote::quote;
+/// use syn::DeriveInput;
+///
+/// # const IGNORE_TOKENS: &str = stringify! {
+/// #[proc_macro_derive(MyMacro)]
+/// # };
+/// pub fn my_macro(input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
+/// // Parse the tokens into a syntax tree
+/// let ast: DeriveInput = syn::parse(input).unwrap();
+///
+/// // Build the output, possibly using quasi-quotation
+/// let expanded = quote! {
+/// /* ... */
+/// };
+///
+/// // Convert into a token stream and return it
+/// expanded.into()
+/// }
+/// ```
+#[cfg(all(
+ not(all(target_arch = "wasm32", any(target_os = "unknown", target_os = "wasi"))),
+ feature = "parsing",
+ feature = "proc-macro"
+))]
+pub fn parse<T: parse::Parse>(tokens: proc_macro::TokenStream) -> Result<T> {
+ parse::Parser::parse(T::parse, tokens)
+}
+
+/// Parse a proc-macro2 token stream into the chosen syntax tree node.
+///
+/// This function parses a `proc_macro2::TokenStream` which is commonly useful
+/// when the input comes from a node of the Syn syntax tree, for example the tts
+/// of a [`Macro`] node. When in a procedural macro parsing the
+/// `proc_macro::TokenStream` provided by the compiler, use [`syn::parse`]
+/// instead.
+///
+/// [`syn::parse`]: parse()
+///
+/// *This function is available if Syn is built with the `"parsing"` feature.*
+#[cfg(feature = "parsing")]
+pub fn parse2<T: parse::Parse>(tokens: proc_macro2::TokenStream) -> Result<T> {
+ parse::Parser::parse2(T::parse, tokens)
+}
+
+/// Parse a string of Rust code into the chosen syntax tree node.
+///
+/// *This function is available if Syn is built with the `"parsing"` feature.*
+///
+/// # Hygiene
+///
+/// Every span in the resulting syntax tree will be set to resolve at the macro
+/// call site.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// ```edition2018
+/// use syn::{Expr, Result};
+///
+/// fn run() -> Result<()> {
+/// let code = "assert_eq!(u8::max_value(), 255)";
+/// let expr = syn::parse_str::<Expr>(code)?;
+/// println!("{:#?}", expr);
+/// Ok(())
+/// }
+/// #
+/// # fn main() {
+/// # run().unwrap();
+/// # }
+/// ```
+#[cfg(feature = "parsing")]
+pub fn parse_str<T: parse::Parse>(s: &str) -> Result<T> {
+ parse::Parser::parse_str(T::parse, s)
+}
+
+// FIXME the name parse_file makes it sound like you might pass in a path to a
+// file, rather than the content.
+/// Parse the content of a file of Rust code.
+///
+/// This is different from `syn::parse_str::<File>(content)` in two ways:
+///
+/// - It discards a leading byte order mark `\u{FEFF}` if the file has one.
+/// - It preserves the shebang line of the file, such as `#!/usr/bin/env rustx`.
+///
+/// If present, either of these would be an error using `from_str`.
+///
+/// *This function is available if Syn is built with the `"parsing"` and
+/// `"full"` features.*
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// ```edition2018,no_run
+/// use std::error::Error;
+/// use std::fs::File;
+/// use std::io::Read;
+///
+/// fn run() -> Result<(), Box<Error>> {
+/// let mut file = File::open("path/to/code.rs")?;
+/// let mut content = String::new();
+/// file.read_to_string(&mut content)?;
+///
+/// let ast = syn::parse_file(&content)?;
+/// if let Some(shebang) = ast.shebang {
+/// println!("{}", shebang);
+/// }
+/// println!("{} items", ast.items.len());
+///
+/// Ok(())
+/// }
+/// #
+/// # fn main() {
+/// # run().unwrap();
+/// # }
+/// ```
+#[cfg(all(feature = "parsing", feature = "full"))]
+pub fn parse_file(mut content: &str) -> Result<File> {
+ // Strip the BOM if it is present
+ const BOM: &'static str = "\u{feff}";
+ if content.starts_with(BOM) {
+ content = &content[BOM.len()..];
+ }
+
+ let mut shebang = None;
+ if content.starts_with("#!") && !content.starts_with("#![") {
+ if let Some(idx) = content.find('\n') {
+ shebang = Some(content[..idx].to_string());
+ content = &content[idx..];
+ } else {
+ shebang = Some(content.to_string());
+ content = "";
+ }
+ }
+
+ let mut file: File = parse_str(content)?;
+ file.shebang = shebang;
+ Ok(file)
+}